A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary - Francis Joseph Steingass

A COMPREHENSIVE

PEBSIAN -ENGLISH
BICTIONAKY

INCLUDING THE ARABIC WORDS AND PHRASES TO BE MET

WITH IN PERSIAN LITERATURE

■ »i

BEING

JOHNSON AND RICHARDSON'S PERSIAN, ARABIC, AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY

REVISED, ENLARGED, AND ENTIRELY RECONSTRUCTED

BT

F. STEINGASS, PH.D.

AUTHOR OF THE STUDENT'S ARABIC-ENGLISH DICTJONARV AND OF
THE ENGLISH-ARABIC DICTIONARY

FIFTH IMPRESSION

LONDON

ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL LIMITED

BROADWAY HOUSE, 68-74 CARTER LANE, E C. 4

First Edition 1892
Second Impression 1930

Third Impression 1947
Fourth Impression 1957

Fifth Impression 1963

PREFACE.

THE lines originally laid down for this Dictionary were, to prepare a revised edition of
Johnson's enlargement of Wilkins-Richardson's Persian, Arabic, and English Dic-
tionary, by reducing the Arabic element and increasing the Persian, so as to
produce a volume of moderate dimensions and price, specially adapted to the wants of
the English Student. While the work was progressing, however, it was found that the
mere reduction of the Arabic portion would not suffice to answer the purpose intended.
It became evident not only that much that was superfluous had to be eliminated, but
that, on the other hand, many additions were urgently required, and furthermore that
the material had to be re-arranged on new and distinct principles. At the same time
it was Boon felt that the fresh matter to be introduced in the Persian part exceeded the
limits contemplated, and necessitated in this respect a considerable extension of the
primary plan. A few remarks on these points will here be useful, and may also convey
some idea of the amount of extra labour spent on the compilation of the work beyond
that which was originally anticipated.

I. Persian is so deeply imbued with Arabic, and the two languages have, in the
course of time, become so intimately connected in the literature of the former, that
sooner or later the student of Persian must become a student of Arabic also, if he aspires
to take rank as a Persian scholar of real eminence. When this moment has arrived,
he will Daturally have need of an Arabic dictionary, constructed on a plan most conducive
to the acquirement of that language, and based on the knowledge of its grammar. But
what he will want until then is a copious Arabic vocabulary, " chiefly in relation (to
quote Johnson's words) to the indefinite extent to which the best Persian writers avail
themselves of the Arabic language, either to enrich their style or to display their
erudition." While fully acknowledging the legitimacy of this object, it has nevertheless
been thought that the accomplished and conscientious scholar who formulated it, in
carrying out his task, haB partly gone beyond and partly fallen short of his own standard.
He himself admits that he retained in his work not only " a large number of Arabic
words of very questionable usefulness, merely because they had found a place in the
former editions," but also added " many others which may possibly be foreign to Persian
literature, but which may also he found in it, and of an explanation of which the student
may occasionally stand in heed." To justify this somewhat haphazard mode of pro-
ceeding, the plea " that superfluity appeared preferable to deficiency," would only hold
good if this very indictment of deficiency in some essential points could not be urged
against hiB compilation.

It seemed more advisable to restrict the selection to such words as may either
reasonably be supposed to occur in Persian authors, or which are actually found in the
prescribed text-books, and in those productions of Persian literature, the perusal of which
will be most beneficial to the student. In the former direction it appeared to the present
author that a collection made by a learned Persian for the use of Persians had a para-
mount claim to serve as a groundwork for this part of the undertaking. 'Abdu 'r-Rashid
al-Husaini, the author of a highly-valued Peisian dictionary called the "Farhangi
Eashidi," has made a collection of this kind under the title of " Muntakhabu '1-lughat,"
dedicated by him to Shah Jahan of Dehli. The following reasons have induced the
author to embody the whole of this compilation in the present dictionary : —

'Abdu 'r-R&shid professes in the introd uction to his work to have made from the
"QamiiB," the "Surah," the " Sihah," and other sources, a selection of those Arabic
words which are " necessary (zarurlyah) and of frequent use (kasiratu 'l-isti'maT}" and
to have explained them in Persian equally " comprehensible to the popular understanding
('dm-fahm) and approved by the educated (kJuLs-pasand) ." What he means by necessary
and of frequent use becomes evident from the passages which he quotes in support of
his explanations, and which are exclusively taken either from the chief Persian poets.

VI PEEFACE,

a8 Firdausi, Anwari, Khaqani, Nizami, Sa'di, Hafiz, Ac, or from the Qur'an and Hadig.
This implies that the words selected by him are indispensable to a Persian of a studious
turn of mind who is anxious to understand thoroughly the poetry of his own language,
or who aspires to an initiation into the knowledge most highly prized "by Muhammadans,
namely, that of matters theological, moral, and metaphysical, which abounds in quotations
from and allusions to "the book" and the "traditions." If, therefore, an acquaintance
with such words is considered indispensable to the Persian student, it must be so
d fortiori to the student of Persian.

The " Muntakhab," however, takes no notice of a large number of Arabic words
which have become naturalized in Persian, to such a degree that a Persian of average
education needed no explanation on their account. Foremost among these are many
current technical and scientific terms. A discreet choice of vocables of this category
was considered indispensable, especially in reference to grammatical and metrical ter-
minology, with which a student must make himself acquainted if he wishes to understand
the native commentaries on the great Persian poets.

Still greater importance has been placed on including in this dictionary Arabic
words in daily use, such as in reality are met with in the best Persian authors from
the days of the " ShahniVmab " to the Riizniimahs (Diaries) of the reigning Shah. For
this purpose their principal works, especially those read for examination, have been
carefully gone through, with the result that the information given by Johnson under
many of his Arabic headings has been largely supplemented by instances where the
Arabic words enter into Persian phrases of a highly idiomatical character.

There is yet one other point to be noticed with regard to the Arabic element
in Persian. Not only isolated words have to be explained, but in numerous cases com-
binations of words, that is to say, sentences or parts of sentences, either in quoting
verbatim, or more frequently in merely alluding to, passages of the Qur'an, the " Tra-
ditions," aad e?en of celebrated Arabic poems. To give a rather striking example, the
Persian poet Minuchihri introduces in one of his odes the beginning of the " Mu'allaqah
of Imru '1-Qais" : q\ffi. nahki, "stay ye two (friends or travelling companions) so that we
may weep (in remembrance of the beloved, &c.)." The reader who would try to puzzle
this out with the aid of Johnson's dictionary would find for qqfd (we must remember
that in the printed texts the short vowels are not indicated) the equivalent " neck," and
for nablc or nabak (here again the final short i does not count) the rendering " hills."
Arabic plurals being frequently used as singular in Persian, he therefore might translate
"the neck of the hill," and thus, speaking figuratively, find himself fairly landed in the
wilderness. Only an intimate knowledge of Arabic grammar, which he must either possess
himself, or which his dictionary must supply instead, can teach him that, in the first
word, <he initial and, m the second, the final of the root is suppressed, and that they
belong respectively to the radicals w-q-f "standing, stopping, staying," and h-h-y
" weeping," while the «. at the end of qifa and the n at the beginning of nabki are
extraneous signs of inflection.

It may be objected that this is an extreme case, and that Minuchihri, although
a distinguished Persian poet, is not likely to be read by a student. Granted ! But in
the " Sikandarnfuna " of Niziimi, in the "Gulistiin" and " Bostiin " of Sa'di, in the
"Diwsin" of Hafiz, in the "Anwari Suhaili," &c, &c, all of which form part of his
curriculum, he will meet with many phrases and fragments of phrases, or even simple
iza/« (-constructions, which require a similar elucidation, some of which have led to quite
as ludicrous blunders as the one suggested above, while others have at least been
strangely misunderstood in some of the best-known translations from the Persian, because
the Arabic words were rendered according to their usually current meanings in Persian,
and not in the specific Arahic sense, which they bear in the particular connection or
context. On this point much labour has been spent in assisting the student, — the
student, be it bere emphasized, who not merely crams for a more or less successful
examination, but who works with steady and resolute self-exertion in order to become
in time a scholar worthy of that name.

II. As for the Persian part, great obligations are primarily due and gratefully
acknowledged to the excellent Persian-Latin Dictionary, published by Yullers in about
2,500 quarto pages. With infinite diligence the learned author baa overhauled the
Persian lexicographical sources from which his predecessors, Johnson included, had worked
before him, giving their explanations in the original, and adducing numerous supporting
passages from them and his own collectanea. It lay, of course, outside the scope of
the present work to follow him in this latter respect, but his results, as far as they

PREFACE.

vii

contained additional matter, were adopted, after having been in all eases verified, in
some cases rectified, and supplemented with the necessary translation in other instances,
where he omits to give the Latin equivalent for a Persian word or phrase, but contents
himself with quoting the Persian text. By no means the least important feature of his
work is the extensive use he has made of the " Bahari 'Ajam," one of the more recent
Persian Dictionaries compiled in India, and including many modern phrases, metaphors,
&c. not to be found in any other lexicon. Owing, however, to the circumstance that
that hook did not reach Vullers' hand until the greater part of his first volume had been
printed, he could not avail himself of the contents of its first 457 pages, and the very
copious extracts given from this source in our Dictionary form not only an essential
complement to Vullers, but an entirely new contribution to Persian lexicography on
European soil. Other recent publications, consulted with advantage, are the Persian
Dictionary " Farhangi Nasirl," and Schlimmer's " Terminologie medico-pharmaceutique
Francaise-Persane," both lithographed in Teheran, the former in 1871, the latter in 1874.

It need scarcely be mentioned that the course of reading undertaken to define
the Arabic portion of this dictionary was equally productive in augmenting the Persian
part, and it can be stated without exaggeration that thousands of words have been added
from this source alone. Many of these are taken from Mirza Ja'far's translation of
modern Plays, originally written in Turkish, a translation which, on account of its
thoroughly idiomatic phraseology, has, in successive instalments within the last ten vears,
been re-edited, with notes and vocabularies, in England, Prance, and Germany. A larger
and more important amount, however, has been gleaned from the Shah's Diaries of his
first two journeys to Europe in 1873 and 1878. Here we see Persia, in the person of
its Sovereign, brought into immediate contact with the advanced civilization of the West ;
and as this Sovereign happens to be an exceptionally keen observer, who turned the
immense opportunities afforded to him by his exalted position to the best account, his
impressions, penned down on the spur of the moment, could not fail to enrich and
fertilise the language of his country, which he uses with such unpretending ease and
forcible directness.

III. There are a few more words to be said about the general arrangement of the
book, in order to facilitate its use. It would have been impossible to introduce so much
additional matter if all the entries under the principal headings had been given in
the Oriental character as well as in transliteration. The latter had, therefore, to be
framed not with a view to the exact pronunciation of the words, which in any language
can only be acquired to perfection by oral teaching, but to give accurate equivalents
for the graphical form of the consonants and vowels peculiar to the language in question.

To render the consonants of the Arabic- Persian alphabet in the Roman character,
as employed in English, five compounds had to be used, namely oh for g, gh for £,
ik for t, sh for jS», and zh (pronounced like s in "vision") for j. Eight letters are dis-
tinguished by diacritical points, namely h for C, * for \j> , s for \±>, t for t, z for j,
? for y*, and z for k. The Greek spiritus lenis (') and spiritus asper (') very appro-
priately represent *\ (alif-hamzak) and £ respectively, and tfi has been chosen to express
the letter y before a labial. In the comparatively few cases where eh and zh are to be
pronounced as separate letters, a mark is placed between (s ( /i or ii ( 7i), showing that the
8 or z terminates one syllable, and the aspirated h begins another.

The original Persian vowel-system is that of Sanskrit, with exclusion of the semi-
vowel ri, which is peculiar to the latter. It consists of the three elementary vowels
a, i, u, as pronounced in pat, ■pit, put respectively (in the Arabic- Persian character
fathah ~, itasrafc — , zammah —) ; their long forms a, i, w, as in father, police, prude
0— > csT, and their combination to mixed vowels and diphthongs, e (a + i) as in
where, o (a ■+• w) as in more, both in Persian writing not distinguished from I and u ;
ai (a + i) as in aisle, and aw (a + u) as in German, i.e. like on in stout and j— ).

This etymological groundwork of the system, and it alone, determines our transliteration,
leaving, as said before, the question of the actual pronunciation at the present day,
especially of the short vowels, to the grammar and the instruction of a competent teacher
whose proper domain it is. As for the representation of ^ and } , when used as con-
sonants, the transliteration of the latter by w instead of v has been preferred on account
of the analogy with y, except at the end of a Persian syllable or word, where v is
written to indicate the somewhat stronger articulation of the letter in this case.

The game need of compactness made it further necessary to unite all the different
words of the same consonantal outline, which are distinguished merely by their vocalisation,
under one heading. Many articles assumed thereby an almost inordinate length; but

viii

PBBFAOB.

in order to furnish the reader with a thread leading him safely through the apparent
labyrinth, any shorter or longer string of constructions and phraseB belonging to one
word has been included in crotchets, thus [ ], so that, -whenever the student meets
with this sign, before the explanations given have satisfied his want, he has only to
run down the column to the conclusion of the crotchet, when he will find another
interpretation of the same outline with a different spelling and meaning, perhaps more
in accordance with the exigencies of his text, and so on until the end of the article is
reached. A similar use has been made of parentheses, thus (), where the Bame phrase
may be expressed in various ways, by substituting one noun or verb for another, in
which case any of the words thus bracketed may take the place of the word immediately
preceding the parenthesis.

Throughout the book a strictly alphabetical order has been observed, in accordance
with the following simple rules: —

1. Compounds have been given as much as possible in their proper order, unless

they serve as examples under one or the other of their components.

2. Any single noun forming part of a heading is first followed by such itafat

constructions and phrases as begin with this noun in the order of the
initial of the succeeding word; then by those in which the noun has a
preposition or another noun in front, in the order of this preceding element,

3. With regard to the izdfai constructions of Arabic words, those in which the

governed noun has the definite article al are given in their alphabetical
order in the place aseigned to the article, that is to say, at or near the begin-
ning, while in absence of the article the initial of the noun itself determines
the order. This has been done not only for the sake of maintaining the
alphabetical principle in all its strictness, but also in order to show the
student at one glance in which combinations the Arabic or Persian con-
struction is more usual. Neither in this nor in other respects was a uniform
principle of arrangement consistently adhered to by Johnson, whence arose
the necessity of reconstruction, as mentioned on the title-page, and entailing
an amount of labour which only one well versed in these matters can
appreciate.

Words of foreign origin are indicated by capital initials in front of the article^
as A for Arabic, G-. for Greek, H. for Hindi, II. for Mongolian, T. for Turkish, R. for
Russian. Where merely an Arabic element, either as member of a compound or as a
formative, combines with the Persian, or where a word is common to both languages
without proof positive to which it belongs originally, a small a, has been prefixed, and
so, mutatis mutandis, in the same case with regard to other languages. The indication,
(m.c.) for "modern colloquialism" after a phrase, shows that it has been taken from
recent writings, and does not necessarily imply that it is of modern make, but simply
that it is in actual conversational use, while for all that it may be a Persian idiom
already employed by Firdausi, or an Arabic importation as old as Islam itself.

It is hoped that this Dictionary will justify its claim to comprehensiveness.
It is not and cannot be complete. The complete dictionary of any language has yet to
be written. It far exceeds the powers of any single individual, and depends for its
realisation on the modest, although imperial, motto, viribus unitis. The author's only
ambition was to advance the work close to the point at which the practical adoption of
this motto, with regard to Persian, becomes a necessity, and should be seriously con-
templated by Oriental societies and congresses.

In conclusion, I have to express my warmest thanks to Mr. Frederic Pincott
for his careful revision of the proofs, as well as for many a valuable hint on various
important points, of which I have gladly availed myself ; and to his well-trained printers,
for their intelligent and patient industry in setting up the copy, which I am afraid must
frequently have proved a most trying task.

F STEINOASS.

A

PERSIAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

i

\ alif, the first letter of the Arabic and
Persian alphabets, in arithmetic repre-
sents the number one, and in almanacks
and astronomical books, Sundav and
Taurus. It also denotes an unmarried
man. In writing it sei'ves as a prop for
the vowel-signs : \ a, \ i, \ u, )\ u, o, au,

f, e, ai ; — \ a, at the beginning of some
Persian words, denotes privation, as ajum-
bdn, Motionless. Prefixed to an Arabic
sentence, it serves as a particle of interro-
gation, as in the Coranic phrase alastu
bi-rabbi-kum, " Am I not your Lord ? "
whence the Persian ls~-N y% rozi alast, q.v.
At the end of Persian words it marks the
vocative, as in shtiha, O Shah, or it serves
as a prosodial expletive in poetry, notably
in the oldest parts of Firdausi's great
poem.

^ a, (S. a) Preposition inseparably
joined to verbs ; — (Imperative and con-
tracted participle of dmadan, d'idan) Come.

s->l oh, (S. ap) Water; river; largesse,
gift, price; (S. dbhd) lustre, splendour;
honour, degree, dignity ; power, glory,
prosperity j grace, elegance ; mercy, pity ;
custom, habit, fashion, mode, rule ; quick-
silver ; (met.) Pearl, jewel, gem ; brilliant
sword ; bashful, abashed ; fellow-traveller ;
perfect soul, universal intellect. This word
is much used in forming compounds, and
metaphorical expressions ; — obi dbistan
(pregnant water), Tears of a lover, wine,
blood (dbi dbittani dadan, To fertilize
ground) ; — dbi dtish-rang or dbi dtish-zdy.
Wine ; tears of grief or anger ; — dbi dtish
ttadah, Tears; — ab dtieh shud, The water

boiled ; a tumult was raised ; — dbi dtish-
mudj, Red wine ; — dbi dtish-numdy, Wine ;
tears of grief ; — dbi dtishndk, Red wine ; —
dbi atishin, Wine ; tears of blood ; — dbi
tijdm, Water stagnating in a reed-bank ;
moor, marsh ; — dbi ahmar, Wine from dates
or grapes j the Red Sea ; — dbi dzar, Red
wine ; tears ; — dbi dzarsd, Wine ; tears of
grief; — dbi arghawdm, Red wine; tears of
sorrow ; — ab ass jigar bakhshidan, Grive,
bestow ; — db az dahani gul ehidan, To
make love ; — db a» dlda pdk kardan, To
wipe away one's tears, to dismiss uneasi-
ness of mind ; — dbi istdda, A pool, ditch,
stagnant water ; — dbi afsurda, Cold or con-
gealed water, ice, jelly of meat, fish, &c;
glass j a bright sword; — dbi o-rd burd, He
dishonoured him ; he put hirn to shame ; —
dbi o bi-rez, Deprive him of his dignity
or splendour ; shame him ; — dbi angur,
Wine ; — dbi inji'dl, Tears of shame;
— db dwardan, To bring tears, to be
ashamed ; to have a swelling about the
hoof (a horse) ; — dbi aiydm, the sun ; light,
brightness of the moon ; — db ba-db na-
mirasad, Nobody derives advantage from
a thing ; — dbi bdd-rang, or dbi bdda-rang,
Blood ; tears of grief ; — abi bdrik, Shallow
water ; — db ba-dil muhawad, The heart
waxes cold ; — db bar dtash zadan, To quench,
to allay ; — db bar jigar ddrad, (met.) He
possesses power ; — dbi buranda, Soft, diges-
tive water; water which undermines the
banks or shores ; — db ba-ru'i kdr dmad, The
business has taken shape, has come ofE ;
— db ba-ru'i kdr dwardan, To bring a
business into shape ; — db bar tlr hishtan,
To cheat, to deceive ; — dbi basta, Ice,
hail, snow, hoar-frost ; glass, crystal ; — dbi
baqd, Water of life ;~dbi baqqam shudan,
To be dyed red, to blush ; — dbi bun, A
gummy substance which exudes from the

root of decayed walnut-trees ;—abi bl-lijdm I
khwurdan, or dbi bl-ligdm khwurdan, To be
independent, and subject to no control ; —
dbi bini, Water running from the nose,
snivel ; — abi pukhtah, Broth, jelly ; toiled
water ; — dbi pusht, Water of the back,
spina) marrow, semen genitals ; — db takhtan.
To urine ; — dbi tdk, Wine ; — Obi talkh, Wine ;
the tears of a disconsolate lover ; — abi tang,
A shallow ; — dbi jdividdn, Water of life ; —
dbi jigar-khun, Tears oi grief ; — dbi josh,
Soda-water (m.c.) ; — dbi chashm, Tears ; —
dbi hardm. Wine ; love ;— dbi hasrat, Water
of desire : wish, appetite, longing ; tears of
desperation; — dbi ha/yd (khajiai, kkijdlat,
sharm), Tears of shame, regret, or confu-
sion ; — abi haydl, or dbi haiwdn, Water of
life, immortality ; pure, spiritual dis-
course ; divine love ; the conversation of a
friend ; — dbi haiwdn guwdr (guhar), Water
which has the wholesonieuess or nature of
the water of life ; — dbi khdtir, Purity of
thought ; brilliancy of imagination ; — dbi
kjiardbdt, Wine; — abi khasaq, Juice of
safflower (see j — dbi khazan, Autumnal
rainB; — dbi khushk, Glass, crystal, a decan-
ter ; — dbi kjiizr, Water of Khizr (Elias), the
fountain of which he is said to have drunk
and obtained immortality ; inspired wisdom ;
— dbi kkufta, Congealed water; snow, ice;
glass, crystal ; a sword in the sheath ;~ db
klttourdan, To relent, to subside (auger) ;
to make haste ; — dbi khwitrshed, The water
of life ; — dbi khwush khjpurdan, To live
at ease ; — db dddan, To give water, to
steep; to sharpen, make brilliant, harden
steel ; to enliven ; — db dar jigar, In-
toxication ; greatness, opulence; — db dar
jigar ddshtan, To become intoxicated, to
be opulent ; — db dar jigar not-ddrad, He
is poor ;— db dar juy, Water in the river;
prosperity, victory, honour, authority ; free-
dom from care ; — db dar juy dmadan, To
become opulent and prosperous; to regain
prosperity ; to be invested with authority ;
- — db dar juy na-mdnad. Fortune departs ;
— (76 dar chashm ddshtan, To be modest,
shame-faced ; ab darchize kardan, To adul-
terate, to cheat ; — ab dar dil shudan, To
ex [ierience heartfelt joy ; — db dar dahdnash
umad, His mouth watered ; he desired
ardently ; — db dar dida ddshtan, To possess
a delicate sense of honour ; — db dar ztri
kdh ddshtan, To work in the dark ; —
db dar tar ddshtan, db dar shakar dash-
tan, To be in a weak and declining
state ; — db dar hawan sudan (koftan), To
bray water in a mortar, (met.) to act
foolishly; to uselessly employed; —
dbi damagji, Snivel ;— dbi danddn, Water
of the teeth, spittle, whiteness or cleanness
of teeth ; (met.) people's talk ; — ubi danddni
har'tfe dwardan, To make one's enemy's
mouth to water ; needlessly to excite hos-

)

tility against one's self; — dbi danddn-shi-
kan, Exceedingly cold water; — dbi dahdn,
dbi dahan, Water of the mouth, saliva ; a
longing desire ; — dbi didah, Water of the
eyes, tears; — abi dida* i jam, A draught of
wine ; — abi rukh, Water of the cheek, i.e.
honour ; — dbi ran (razdn), Wine from
grapes ; — db raftan, To lose one's dignity ;
dbi ruknabdd, or dbi ruknl, Name of a foun-
tain near Shiraz ; — dbi rang, Water-colour,
coloured water, paint ; a sketch or outline
of a picture; — dbi rangln, lied wine; tears
of blood ; — dbi ru, Freshness of counten-
ance (see dbi riiy below) ; — dbi rawdn, Run-
ning water ; a spring ; ether ; a sort of
very fine muslin ; — dbi rosh, Beauty, ele-
gance, splendour ; usage, custom ; — dbi
runghan, Oil, butter, fat of broth, liquid
grease ; — dbi riiy, Water of the face, sweat ;
lustre, brightness of countenance, grace-
fulness, dignity of mien ; reputation, re-
nown, glory, honour, estimation ; rank,
office, station ; — dbi riiy dddan (kardan), To
honour; — dbi riiy re&htan, To disgrace ; to
lose one's honour ; — ab rekhtan, To dis-
honour; to be ashamed or disgraced; — db
zada-n, To extinguish, to quell, to appease ;
to sprinkle the house in honour of guests ;
— dbi 9ar, Liquid gold ; white wine ; saf-
fron ; — dbi zuldl, Pure, limpid water; — dbi
zindariid, The river Zindarud ; — dbi zinda-
gdnl (tindagi), Living water, the water
of eternity or youth, a fabulous foun-
tain so called ; — abi zahra, Wine ; morn-
ing light, heat, splendour ; — dbi subha,
The splendour of God's glory ; — dbi sabuk,
Digestive water ; — dbi surkjj., Bed wine ; —
dbi sard, A gelatine of fish or meat ;
— ubi siydh (dbi siyah), Black water; a
disease of the eye producing blindness ;
the waters of the Deluge ; — db shudan, To
melt ; to become ashamed or divested of
honour ; to grow obsolete ; — abash roshan
aet, He possesses splendour, power, honour,
opulence ; — dbi shaqd'iq, Wine ; blood ; —
dbi shangarfl, Bed wine ; tears of grief ; —
dbi shor, Brackish water, tears of grief ;
— dbi tabaristdn, Name of a fountain on a
mountain in Tabaristan, which, it is said,
ceases to flow when a noise is made, and
flows immediately again when it is over ; —
dbi tabarlyalh, Nome of a fountain which
flows and becomes dry alternately for the
space of seven years ; — dbi tardb, Wine; —
dbi tinat, The watered clay from which the
human body was formed ; — dbi 'araq, Rose-
water ; — dbi 'ishrat, dbi 'afir, dbi l inab,
Wine ; — dbi 'aisarvl kesh, Water which has
the power of 'Isa, i.e. which vivifies, revives ;
— dbi gluurbai (safar), Tears shed in foreign
lands, in exile, in travelling ; — dbi ghamdm,
Bain-water; — dbi glrurah. The juice of
sour grapes, or other unripe fruit ; — abi
fitna, Tumult, commotion; — dbi fitna lira

( 3 )

skawad, The tumult subsides ; — ubi fusur-
dah, Glass, crystal ; a sword, or dagger ;
— abi Mr, Beauty, elegance, splendour,
dignity; usage, custom; — tibi kabful (blue
water), Tlie Persian Sea, the sea of China ;
a damasked sword ; — dbi kurd, Water whose
colour, smell, and taste have not undergone
any change ; — fib kardan. To track, to find
a track (m.c.) ; — rib kushddan, To let out
the water formed about a horse's foot ; —
abi kushdda, Weak, poor wine; — abi kumu,
a dark-coloured and fetid water found in a
certain fish, and applied in cases of frac-
ture ; — abi kausar, The river Kausar in
Paradise, said to flow with milk or nectar ;
—abi gardaiida, The revolving heaveDS ; —
dbi garm, Warm water ; a hot bath ; —
abi girya, Tears of grief ; — db gashtan, To
tecome water, to be dissolved ; — abi gui-
tar -rang, Red wine ; — abi gosht, Gravy,
broth ; — abi lutf, Bounty, liberality ; — abi
la' I, Wine; tears of blood; — abi murghtin,
Name of a place of recreation in the
environs of Shiriiz, frequented every Tues-
day during the month of Rajah ; name of
a fountain in Kohistan, the waters of which,
wherever carried, are followed by a kind
of starling that devours locusts ; — abi
nwrwdHd, The purity of a pearl ; a pearl,
or white speck in the eye ; — Abi maryam,
Probity, honour, chastity ; new wine ;— ubi
ma'danl. Mineral water (m.c.) ; — abi mti-
ghdn, Wine ; — fibi munjamid, or abi mun-
'aqid, Snow, ice, sleet; crystal, glass; a
scimitar, a poniard ;— abi mai-gfin, Tears of
grief ; — Obi ndr, Red wine ; — ubi ndrwdn,
A lover's tears ; wine ; blood ; — abi ndf,
Sperm ; — abi ndfi', Red wine ; — abi nabdt,
The juice or sap of any vegetable ; —
db na-ihtvurdan, To allow of no delay,
to lose no time ; — abi nashdt, Semen
genitale ; — db noshldan, To drink water ;
to be stupefied, astonished, benumbed ;
— db w utish, Mildness and irascibility ;
— db u dtish ghudan, To have a mild
and irascible temper ; — db u daw, Means
of subsistence; — db u rang, Freshness and
moisture; wine; tears of grief; — db u gil,
Water and clay, i.e. the human frame ;—
db u hawa, Water and air ; climate, atmo-
sphere ; — abi hind, The Indus ; — abi ydqut,
Red wine ; — abi yakh, Iced water ;— ba db
anddkhtan, To launch (a ship) ; (met.) to
remove, to put away ;—bar db dviadan, To
become manifest, to be divulged ; — bar ub
guftan, To speak readily, to answer \— bar
ril'i db dmadan, To be divulged; — ba-kdri ub
budan, To indulge in wine-drinking; — dar
db faru thudan, (met.) To be annihilated,
to perish ; to vanish.

S>f db (in Zand and Pazand), Father.

a vTi db, The Syro- Macedonian month of
August.

a ^ ab, A father ; — abb, Grass, pas-

turage (answering the same purpose for
cattle as fruit for man).

a »V>\ db(l' (pi. of ab), Fathers, ances-
tors; — ftbd'i-'ulwi' , Sublime fathers, i.e. the
nine heavens,or seven planets ; — dbd'i'u-itsuri,
Bodily fathers ; — dbd'i ma'nawl, Intellec-
tual or spiritual fathers, i.e. preceptors; —
aba, ibd, S ibd' at, Refusing, rejecting, abo-
minating; with kardan or numudan, To
refuse ; — aba (pi. of aba' at) , Reed or reeds ;
cane of which sacking or matting is made.

\t\ aba, Strange, wonderful; — (for 4 bd)
With ; — abd or ibd, Spoon meat, soup,
bread ; — abd'i guhl-gir (throat-tickling or
choking soup), Worldly joy or sorrow; joy
at the death of an enemy ; — ibd, A pair ; two
oxen in a yoke.

a s- 1 ^ abdb (v.n. of s^)j Preparing for
a journey ; getting in readiness.

a J*j^ abdb'tl, A kind of bird, an owl,
bustard, swallow ; — abdblli siydk, Swifts.

fWT >tA dbdjdm, A place abounding in.
reeds.

a iaX>\ ibdhat (v.n. 4 of tf-), Permitting,
giving liberty ; rendering lawful.

a £j<=-^ abdhiyat, Name of a certain sect.
dbdd, A city, building, habitation ;
cultivated, peopled, full of buildings and
inhabitants; replenished, well filled (trea-
sury) ; an open plain; good, elegant, fair,
beautiful, convenient ; the Ka'ba or square
temple at Mecca ; salutation, congratula-
tion ; praise, eulogium, well done ! bravo !
(dbdd dmadi, you are welcome) ; name of
the first prophet sent to Persia ; when
added to a noun it denotes a city or place
of abode, as alldhdbdd, &c. q.v. ; — dbdd kar-
dan, To cultivate, render delightful, im-
prove, recreate, refresh.

y\<s\t\ dbdddn, Nearly synonymous with
but more emphatic than dbdd, and never
used in forming compounds ; name of a
city at the mouth of the Tigris ; — dbdddn
shudan, To be inhabited ; abound ; — dbdddn
kardan, To build, cultivate, make habitable ;
— ihyd u dbdddn kardan, To revive, refresh,
exhilarate.

dbddCml, Cultivated, populous,
pleasant ; population, cultivation.

yjui^jW^ dbdddnidan, To cause to inhabit,
to cultivate ; to praise.

yjufl^lj^ dbddd'ldan, To praise.
a Sj^I ibddat (v.n. 4 of •»**), Putting to
death, exterminating.

At} dbdd-kishti, One whose bark is
over-freighted.

_ dbddl, Pleasantness ; a follower of
Abdd or Mahdbdd, the first prophet sent to
Persia, and alleged author of the Da&dtir.

(JuSvi\ dbddiydn (pi. of the previous), sect
of the Abiidians ; tit to be inhabited j flou-
rishing communities.

St\i ^At} dbddl kdghiz, Silk paper.

dbCir, aLso abar, Burnt lead (good for

w (

wounds and bruises) ; — (for dwdr, dwdmh),
A register, an account of daily expenses.

a <Jij^ abariq (pi. of ibrlq), Ewers;
bright swords.

A Sjljl ibarat (v.n. 4 of ;y), Destroying,
ruining.

yttyA dbdr-glr, An accountant, a clerk.

A abdzlr (pi. of abzdr), Aromatics,

spices, sweet herbs or roots for seasoning
meat.

UJ\ db-dsyd, A water-mill.
J^jl uba»h, ubasha (^aubdgh, q.v.),
Mob, &c.

A yi^l ltd?, A rope with which the foot
of a camel is tied up to his arm.

ts~e->^ ibaziyat, A sect of Muhammadan
schismatics, named after its founder Ibaz.

A f^i\ ctbdtih (pi. of abtah, q.v.), Low-
lying, gravelly grounds, &c,

a J«m abdtil (pi. of batil), Trifles,
vanitieB, follies.

£W abdgi, A mark by burning ; name of
a place.

Lrltljt dbdghulue, Name of a medicinal
plant.

<j*j*M*\ ahdgh&ru*, Name of a Greek phi-
losopher, perhaps corrupted from Anaxa-
goras.

o-JVj abaft, A kiud of coarse soft cloth.

a ibaq (v.n. of tj^), Running away
(as a Blave) ; withdrawing, absconding ; —
ubbdq, Bunaway slaves (pi. of abiq, q.v.).

a dial, Camels (pi. of ibil, q.v.).

a ibbdlat, A bundle of grass or hay ;
a herd or flock of camels, sheep, oxen,
horses, or birds a string of them following
each other.

ibdlah, A privy, urinal.
abdm, A tower, fortress ; a pigeon-
house ; a sign of the Zodiac ; — (for dw&m or
warn), Debt, loan.

<j*S abdn (pi. of ab, water), Name of the
eighth month of the Persian year, during
which the sun continues in Scorpio; name of
the tenth day of any Persian month ; name
of a certain angel, whom the Pagan Persians
supposed to preside over iron, and over the
actions performed during the month or on
the day above mentioned ; — ibdn, A pair, a
brace.

A t>W ibbdn, A convenient time, a proper
season ; the beginning or first of anything;
— i, tbdnat (v.n. 4 of Making clear,

known, manifest ; clearness, distinctness in
speaking.

sj'J ab-anddx, A planner or measurer
of the dimensions of aqueducts.

db-anddm, Of a fair complexion
and a graceful form ; splendour, bright-
ness, neatness.

sl&V)l dbdn-gdJi, Name of the tenth day
of the month Farwardin ; name of an angel
said to preside over water.

ibani, Broth ; a large dish.

4 )

yV^Vf dbdnidan, To praise.

o^y v*T ab-dward, Carried away by a tor-
rent ; froth, foam.

abdy, A horse-cloth.

y^j.VS dbdyan, Name of a mountain whose
height is said to be forty parasangs.

^ ab-bdrdn, Name of an agreeable
place in Kabul, near to Khwaja sih varan.

^ h4 db-bdz, A swimmer.

<_SjV} ^ db-bdzi, Water-sporting, swim-
ming.

(jif. Sh-barin, The bank of a river
constantly being undermined by its cur-
rent.

yVfcVj ^>"\ db-pdshdn, Name of a Persian
festival, on which occasion each one
sprinkles rose-water on his neighbour.

db-pdsU, A sprinkling of water ;

irrigation.

yljSL* db-paikardn, The stars, constel-
lations ; the brightness of the thirty-six
stars called wujuh by the astronomers.
dbtdb. Splendour.

AiWf dbtabah, A ewer, water-pot, or
kettle.

uuUjl ibtdt (v.n. 4 of <*»}), Divorcing irre-
vocably.

ab-tdkht, Urine ; forcing of water.

A b!a*?\ ibtidd' (v.u. 8 of Beginning,
commencing ; originating ; an exordium ; —
ibtidd'an, In the beginning, first place ; —
ibtidd hardan, To begin.

a ibtidd 1 (v.n. 8 of g^j), Producing

something new, inventing, contriving,
altering, innovating (in matters of religion).

a ibtizdl (v.n. 8 of Jj»), Being care-

less in the preservation of anything ; em-
ploying (a garment, &c) for daily or com-
mon use.

a abtar, Docked ; one who has no off-
spring to survive him ; a loser ; poor, desti-
tute ; devoid of all yood qualitie's, full of
defects, worthless ; a deadly serpent with a
short train ; a basket or bucket withovit a
handle ; a kind of verse.

A ft-jjl ibiiedm (v.n. 8 of f+~i), Being
cheerful, smiling,

a «Us^ ibtig&d' (v.n. 8 of Seeking,
wishing, coveting ; behoving.

a j^s^ ibiihdr (v.n. 8 of ji^), Rising,
coming, going, or doing a thing in the
morning; receiving or producing the
first-fruits ; ripening, come to maturity ;
bearing a male at the first birth ; deflower-
ing a virgin.

{^zfr abtagan, Master of a family ; a
Turk.

ibtild' (v.n, 8 of y>), Trying, proving,
ascertaining the truth ; being affected with
misfortune, becoming indisposed or vexed.

a £ SlsjI ibtild' (v.n. 8 of Swallowing ;
deglutition.

u^l (

A Jis»\ ibtildl (v.n. 8 of Being
moistened.

a »UM ibtina (v.n. 8 of ,j*»), Construct-
ing an edifice.

a iWt»W (v.n. 8 of s ltf), Being ac-
customed, familiar.

a ^et\ iblihaj (v.n. 8 of Being glad;
gladness, joy, exultation.

A JV^a»\ ibtihdl (v.n. 8 of Lament-
ing, deprecating, being sincere in prayer ;
— Utihdlam, Humbly, submissively, in a
supplicating manner, imploringly.

A £\>*t\ ibtiya' (v.d. 8 of Purchas-
ing, buying.

dbitln, abiin, Name of the father
of Faridun, the seventh king of Persia of
the Peshdadian dynasty.

■**»I<f-J db-jdmah, A washing-tub, bathing
vessel, wash-hand bason ; a bowl, water-
glass, or drinking-cup.

A abjad, Arrangement of the Arabic
alphabet, according to the numeral value
of the letters from one to a thousand, as
follows :

kctiaman

kawwa z

a&/a<2

oooo

>« -31 W <M

o a> oo

rH

t>~ to lO

zazigh

sakhiz

qaraehat

sa'fas

888

O 05 CO

© © ©
© © ©
to »c

© © © ©
© © © ©

^ CO <N rH

© © ©©

©00 1>- CO

abjadi tajrid nawiehtan, To abandon the
world, to devote one's self wholly to God ;
— abjad-Jshrpdn, One learning his alphabet.

j"?r^ db-jar, Ebb-tide.
db-ju, A rivulet.

J^yr.) db-joek, Gravy ; name of a fruit.

»U abach, A butt for archers ; an agri-
cultural implement.

\rtf.^ db-chard, A light repast taken before
making a regular meal, a whet; food of
genii, fairies, wild beasts and birds.

,ji«f ^ db-chashi, Giving drink to a
child, when about six months old, prepara-
tory to weaning him.

<^vf\\ db-chin, A towel or cloth, with
which they wipe the bodies of the dead ; or
which is used in the bath,

a abkdr, f*\ abfyur (pi. of bahr),
Seas.

abhul, Name of a king of Jabulsa.

abkhdz, Name of a country in Turk-
istan, the inhabitants of which are said
tc be very ferocious.

db-khdna, A water-closet, cess-pool,
or gutter ; an aqueduct ; a place for keep-
ing water.

a abkhirat (pi. of bukhar). Va-

pours, exhalations ; raviug, delirium.

iffi abkkara=/ c $ q.v.

ab-hhaet, A water-melon, a cu-
cumber ; fruit acid and washy ; evil-

5 ) M\

hearted, wicked ; an island uninhabitable
on account of its putrid water.

(J*:J abkhal, More, most, or very avari-
cious, or miserly.

y=?^ ab-kko, An uninhabited islet in a
river.

£j*=^ abkhUkh, Wry-faced ; spittle ; name
of a country.

jj*-.^ db-khwur, db-Mvwar, A drinker of
water ; a lake, pool, or ditch ; a fountain
head ; a watering-place on a river's bank ; a
cucumber (as being a watery vegetable) ; lot,
destiny, good fortune ; splendour ; subsis-
tence ; — db-khwuri diishi, A drinker of wine ;
bloodthirsty ; the eye of one stricken with
grief.

•^j*".^ db-khvjurd, Good fortune ; fate,
lot ; a dwelling, residence, settlement ;
delay, halt.

1 h]p$ db-khwura q.v.
| (jjy 5 - s-^ db- kjvujuri, A watering-place oa
a river's hank.

^*fr.\ abkhwusd, Melilot, bugloss.
i^-i^.^ db-khwust, db-khwast, A cu-
cumber, a water-melon ; an island, an
uninhabited and uninhabitable isle ; a
rivulet; any hollow channel excavated by
the water.

yyt s^T db-kMn, An islet uninhabited
and uninhabitable.

ya&.'S db-khess, A spring, an issue of water ;
springy ground, where water is found after
digging a little depth ; flow of the tide ; a
wave ; a canal, aqueduct, conduit.

a ^\ alad (v.n.), Eternity without end (op-
posed to azal, eternity without beginning),
perpetuity ; of one year's age or growth ; —
dbadan, Eternally ; never.

a <Aj>)\ ibdd' (v.n. 4 of 1<V), Beginning,
inventing, innovating, producing, creating.

tS\j> v>l db-ddda, Tempered (steel).

j^M db-ddr, Watery, moist, juicy j of a
good water (as a diamond or a sword) ; a
keeper of water, a servant whose office is to
keep water cool ; keen, sharp ; glancing,
dazzling, resplendent ; flowing (verse) ; a
sociable and convivial mau ; a man of un-
derstanding, reflection or wealth ; a species
of plant resembling the fibres of a palm-
tree.

ab-ddr-Jchdna, A repository of
drinking-water.

db-ddri, Freshness, brilliancy.

a ibdd' (v.n. 4 of £•*?), Producing,
bringing out, publishing something new,
halting, limping (as cattle from fatigue) ;
dragging heavily (a vehicle).

a J\jkj\ abddl (pi. of badal or bidl),
Substitutes ; certain persons by whom God
continues the world in existence (their
number IS seventy, of whom forty reside in
Syria and--thirty elsewhere ; when any one
of them dies his place is filled up by some
one selected from among the rest of man-

*1 ' (6

kind) ; subsequently the word has been
employed to signify a hermit, a monk or
(religious) novice, a saint, enthusiast, pre-
tender to inspiration ; a vagabond ; — ibddl
(v.n. 4 of Jj<), Changing, exchanging, sub-
stituting one thing for another.

^■m\ abddll, Of or relating to an dbdal or
devotee.

I»W abddm (for anddm), The body.

abdan, A vessel for holding water ;
a cistern, or any reservoir of water, as a
lake, ditch, or bath; the urine- bladder;
a melon, a cucumber, as being full of juice;
— abdan, A family, a great tribe ; worthy ;
— abadcln, Cultivated, populous, inhabited.

A y m abdan (pi. of badan), Bodies.
dbadani, Population, cultivation.

■"j*^ abad-paiwand, Eternal, connected
with eternity.

ibda r am (S. abhidharma), Name of
the book of Sakyamuni or Buddha.

i*Jjjj ^ ab-dvedak, A syringe, a squirt.

«— >J*\ db-dast, The ablution or washing of
the hands, face, and other parts, with cer-
tain ceremonies used by the Muhammad ans
before prayer ; devotion ; a devout man ;
dexterous, clever-handed, skilful; prospe-
rous.

db-daatdn or ^a—i^ db-dasddn
(for ^ ab-dast-ddn), A ewer, any

vessel from which water is poured upon
the hands ; a waBh-hand bason ; purifica-
tion ; custom ; fraud.

ab-dmt<in~dar , A ewer -holder.
liA—Vf abdagt-jdy, A privy.
ft± ^\ abad-shahr, The eternal city, the
future world ; name of a river ; name of a
city.

abdan (for dliddn), A pond, lake,
conflux of water ; a drinking-vessel ; a cu-
cumber, a water-melon.

^ji^^ dbdandan, Weak ; strong, firm. ;
fit, congruous ; base, mean ; rude, raw, ig-
norant, inexperienced ; a gambler who is
always unsuccessful ; a species of pome-
granate and pear ; any fruit that soon dis-
solves in the mouth ; a tree, herbage ; a
kind of sweetmeat.

ubduj, A saddle-cloth, a felt cloth.

i^t\ dbda (probably from At. iU^ , vaga-
ries of a poet), Silly talk, delirium, dotage ;
lie.

»>> s->! ab-dih, Splendour-giving; — abdiki
dust, One who graces the chief seat, Muham-
mad.

a tg-vt abadi, Eternal ; for ever and ever.
a abadiyat, Eternity,

*^>\ ab-dJdi jam, Wine, or a

draught.

s^-Vf db-dida, In tears, weeping.

c^^A dbzan, Worthy ; a household,
family,

jft abr (S. abhra), A cloud ; a man, as
opposed to woman j — abr budan, To he

) J

cloudy ; — abri azur, November clouds ; —
abri rugdll, A swift-flying cloud ; abri sa-
harl, Morning clouds ; — abri ser or abri tier
db, A cloud full of water ; — abri sumbul-gHn,
A black cloud ; — abri tiirwash (a Sinai-
resembling cloud), A strong and large-
bodied horse ; — abri kuhan, or abri murda,
A sponge ; — abri naisdn, Vernal clouds ;
cold rain; — ba abr girifla, Cloudy ;—abar
(for j> bar) , On, upon, above according to ;
the bosom ; a kind "of lute ; confections,
preserved fruits ; the curved part of a bow;
an artery ; (in Zand and Pazand) penis.

a f \ abr (v.n.), Pricking with the point of
the tail (a, scorpion) -, giving (a dog) a
needle in (his) food ; fructifying the female
palm-tree by the sprinkling of the flowers
of the male ; — ibar (pi. of ibrat, q.v.),
Needles, &c.

abra, The outside of a garment or cap,
see 8j?\ abra.

A °}}t\ ibrd' (v.n. 4 of Liberating, dis-
charging, delivering from danger ; heating,
restoring to health ;~ibr<i'i zimmah, Re-'
lease from responsibility, quittance from
obligation ; a safe conduct.

a cV 1 ibrah (v.n. 4 of cy), Honourable,
magnifying ; causing surprise ; giving plea-
sure; injuring.

A ibrdd (v.n. 4 of o^), Bringing (any
thing) cold ; presenting cooled liquor ; ex-
periencing cold weather; sending a Berid
or courier.

A abrar (pi. of bdrr), Just, holy,
pious, dutiful ; — ibrdr (v.n. 4 of J»), Accept-
ing, justifying ; swearing an oath accord-
ing to truth; travelling in the desert;
overcoming, conquering.

A abr at (for abmr, pi. of )ji baxr),
Spices; — ibraz (v.n. 4 of ft), Producing,
publishing, bringing out ; — ihtijdj u ibrat
dwardan, To adduce proofs and docu-
ments.

a ibrds (v.n. 4 of <j°rO, Afflicting

with leprosv ; bringing forth a leprous
child.

A Jt\j)\ ibraz (pi. of bar?), Few ; — ibrat
(v.n. 4 of u*y), Producing young grass,
just sprouting above ground.

a j\jt\ ibraa (v.n. 4 of jy), Casting
forth lightning (the sky) ; giving false
signs of pregnancy (a camel) ; pouring
water on oil.

a ibrdm (v.n. 4 of tf), Twisting
tight ; wearying, disgusting ; urgency, im-
portunity; making a garment of doubly-
twisted threads ; — ibrdm numudan, To mo-
lest, to importune.

db-rana, Travelling by water.
cLb-rdh, A canal, conduit, pipe, aque-
duct, water-course, channel of a river ; any
place through which water flows.

a ibrdham, Abraham.

^ ( 7 ) yr

a (>*>\fl\ ibrahim, ibrdhum, or ibrdham,
Abraham.

a fj^ji^ ibrdhum, Abraham.

db-rdha, A water-course ; a- lachry-
mal duct.

a »»s*\j>\ ibrahim, The patriarch Abraham ;
Zoroaster ; name of a mountain in Kara-
mania.

{J*"*-**. ^ abr-bakhshish, Liberal, generous.
j»l abr pothdn, A clouded sky.

a Sy»l ibrat, A needle ; the sting of a
scorpion ; the point of anything ; tip of
the elbow, or of the hough of a horse.

a gj^ abraj, One who has fine handsome
eyes.

abrajan, A bracelet ; an anklet.
a oy\ abrad, Colder, coldest, very cold
(du. abraddn, The two colds, i.e. the morn-
ing and the evening) ; a cloud showering
hailstones ; speckled white and black (a
bull) ; a male leopard ; — abii 'l-abrad, Name
of a follower of Muhammad ; — hummd
abrad, The cold fit of an ague ;— abrud
(pi. of burd), Striped stuffs ; upper gar-
ments.

ts— abr-dast, Liberal, open-handed.

a J*^ abrash, Dapple-gray, pie-bald
(horse) ; spotted red and white ;- abrashi
ihwurshed, The sky.

f>Ajt\ abrasham, Silk, sewing silk.

u* 4 ^ abrathami, A silk merchant ; a silk-
worm; silken.

pfi> ji\ abar-shahr (higk town, or abr-ehahr,
town of clouds?), The old name for Nisha-
bur.

a y=y\ abras, Leprous.

db-ruft, A stone worn smooth by
water flowing 'over it; wiping off spilled,
water with a sponge.

a jf\ abraq, A coarse, stony, sandy soil ;
lapis specularis, talc.

ji\ abar-qubdd, Name of a city be-
tween Pars and Ahwaz, said to be founded
by King Qubad.
A abarquh, for P. abar-koh, q.v.

abrak, A little cloud ; a sponge.
A <dji\ abrak, More or most blessed.
abarkdbishd, A cobweb.
abrkdr, Astonished, confounded,
stupefied, amazed.

abarkdkiyd, s->W^^ abarkdkiydb,
A cobweb.

•^y^ abarkabdd, for P. <>Wfy^ abarqubdd,
q.v.

abar-koh, Name of a town in the
Persian Iraq, situated on the summit of a
mountain, whence its name.

Ji><ijS ji\ abr-girdish, Circling round the
clouds (lightning).

abarrnadaran, A kind of sweet-
meat.

abrndk, Cloudy.
ti >Tjj\ abranjan, i^v¥j>\ abranjin, A brace-
let or anklet (of gold or silver).

s*T db-rang, Freshness, vigour.

<rfi\ db-ru, t£})t\ db-ruy, Honoured, held in
estimation by the great ; chief (in an army
or city) ; — db-ru dddan, To pay respect; —
db-ru rekhian, To disgrace ; — db-ru kardan,
To honour ; — db-ru'i shah/r, The chief
magistrate of a city ; — db-ru'i 'askar, The
commander of an army.

} j>\ abru (S. bhrii), The eye-brow; — abru'i
pavwaeta (paiwast, tang), Contracted or for-
bidding brows ; superciliousness ; — abru'i
tursh (talkh), A frown ; — abru'i sham (zdl-
zar, falak), The new moon; — abru'i kaehida
(baland), Long eye-brows ; — abru'i mar-
ddna, A brow that indicates bravery ; —
abru tang (ndzik) kardan, To look super-
cilious or proud; — abru jumbanidan (za-
dan) To move the eye-brows, to wink, nod,
approve by the motion of the eye ; — abru
jahad, The eye-brow throbs (which is con-
sidered as a kind of augury) ; — abru cMdan
(bd-ham dar kasJridan, tureh kardan), gosha'i
abru tursh kardan, abru kaj kardan, To knit
the eye-brows, to frown ; — abru kushddan,
To cheer up ; to wink.

A j\y}\ abrawdz, abraxvaiz, (for P. jjj^
parvnz), Name of a Persian king.

abruwdn (pi. of the preceding), The
eye-brows ; (met.) morning and evening.
\ db-riid, A hyacinth, a water-lily.

(* abm-sand.rn, f^<> jfl\ dbru-sanam

(corrupted from Ar. Z)y& yabruhu 's-

sanam), The mandrake.

a o 4- ^ abru-firdkhl, Cheerfulness ;
liberality, generosity.

t) ^ abru-kamdn, With eye-brows
shaped like a bow.

abru-kan, Tweezers.
dbrfm, Houseleek, sempervivum.

Js* rf\ abru-hildl, Whose eye-brows
form a crescent.

<^)ji\ db-raun-, A going through water ; an
oar.

abrah, The outside of a garment or
cap ; — ibarah, First-fruits ; early fruit ; —
ubarah, A bustard.

fkbyft abarhdrn, Nature, essence ; name of
an angel supposed to govern the world ;
Abraham.

*J»ji\ abrahah, A kind of bird ; name of
an Abyssinian prince, who built a Christian
church in Sana' of al-Yaman, and made an
unsuccessful attack on Mecca.

*~*-*)^ ibrahitniyah, A kind of broth.

tSj^ abri, Clouded, variegated ; — abri
kdghiz, A kind of thick and shining paper
(from Kashmir).

a ibrij, A churn.

>>;iA db-rez, A vessel used in baths for
pouring water over the head and body ; a
bucket ; a water-pipe, a spout ; a drain, a
ditch ; a water-closet, privy ; a spade.

A ibriz, Pure gold or silver.

^jij ^\ db-rezdn, Name of the 13th of

J ( 8 )

the month Tir, in remembrance of a sudden,
rain falling, after many years of drought,
at the prayer of the assembled people,
who in their joy besprinkled each other
with water.

O^jif dbrezgdn, A festival celebrated on
the above-mentioned day, during which the
people in their visits sprinkle one another
with orange-flower, rose, or pure water.

abrlsham, abrishum, Silk ; the
string of a musical instrument; a silk-
weaver ; — abrUhami sitabr, The bass string
of a musical instrument.

j*Mj>\ ahnshm-hasM, Silk-winding.
abrishami, i&o+Mji^ abrishamln,

Silken.

A ofcjt! ibrlh (for P. _)tj»T ab-res), A ewer,
a water-pot with a spout, a jug ; a brilliant
sword.

A _>\ytt abn&r (pi. of baer), Pot-herbs,
spiceries for seasoning.

a abzdrddn, A spice-box, a pepper-

caster.

jyft abzar, Name of a mountain near
Hamadan in Persia, about one hundred
and fifty leagues west of Ispahan.

vs-^yl db-mruft, said to stand for *r>t
v=-J>>k ab-pizruft, A cucumber, water-
melon ; an isle (?).

Vjt\ db-zan, A particular kind of bathing-
vessel made of copper or iron, the full
length of the human body, filled with warm
water medicinally prepared, in which the
patient sits or lieB down ; the basin of a
fountain ; imparting tranquillity of mind,
consoling, consolatory; console, appease
(Imperative).

a qjrt abzan, ibzan, vhmn (for the P. <v>yi
dbxan), A bath, a laver, sometimes made of
brasB.

^toty} ab-zind-rUd, Name of the river
Zindarud.

»>fi db-zib, Water flowing from a foun-
tain, or a corner of the eye ; liquid pressed
through a cullender or strainer ; pincers.
abzidan, To fill.

stf jsy} db-eir-kdh (water under straw), A
splinter, thorn in the flesh ; a hypocrite,
dissembler, a secret fomenter of mischief ;
one whose merit lies concealed.

yi\ dbavh, Sparks of fire ; a kind of grass.

ywl; dbm, Name of a city.

a abs (v.ii.), Rebuking, reproving,
reproaching; being low, abject.
abadr, A whetstone.

a. ibsas (v.n. 4 of <ji->), Calling to

camels in a coaxing way to drink or to be
milked.

a tU-j^ absat (pi. of hist, bust, or busut.),
She-camels left at liberty with their colts ;
— ibedl (v.n. of >), Leaving (a camel) at
liberty with her colt.

JLJ^ dbsdl, qSI-^ dbaaldn, A garden.

a JW^ ib»M (v.». 4 of Forbidding,

j making unlawful; betraying, abandoni
j consigning to destruction ; expoaii
I pledging, pawning.

©W 1 ! dbmn, A bracelet.

v»1 ab-sabuk, Easy of digestion.
■j — 1\ dbast (ia~~jl abist, ibast), Orau
pulp ; — d.bist, Pregnant ; syn. with uf-
dbasht, Concealment ; hidden, covered up
abistd, Name of a book which t
Magi of Perna. attribute to the Patriae
Abraham (whom they suppose to be ti
same with Zarddmki or Zoroaster), ai
containing the religious system of the Ma.
or adorers of fire.

»f abistan, Pregnant,
tt^—tf dbistdnah, A cauldron, pot, kettL
vat.

<j£&~>^ abistagi, Pregnancy.

yA- i\ abistan, Pregnant, concealed ;-
abistan skud&n, To be with young ; — abistan
faryad, or dbietani farydd-JjtfvtPdn, A kin<
of harp or lute.

sl£wu»^ dbistan-gah, A lying-in chamber
a privy.

^^-^ dbietani, Pregnancy, conception;
pregnant ; a kind of lute ; — abistani dadan,
To render pregnant.

abastah, Ground prepared for sow-
ing ; a spy ; a flatterer ; — dbistah, Preg-
nant ; an animal with young ; the womb.
o&iafoA, A spy ; a flatterer.
db-sard, Jelly.
cjJjwT db-sardan, A gonorrhoea.

ab-sardi, Water cooled by the

wind.

■**A~^ db-tafed, A pearl on the eye.
e>j£~^ Abisgun (or <£j£— ^ abisgun), The
Caspian Sea ; place where the river Abgiin
joins the Caspian Sea ; name of an island
formerly existing in the Caspian Sea;
name of a village near Astarabad.
jU-'^ ab-snwar, A bubble ; a wave.
t)\s— (1 abisydn, Tears.

db-siydh, *W» dbi aiydh, Tears.
db-sair, Easy-paced (horse).
dbiah, Abyssinia.
O*"^ dbiik-Wmax, Lot, destiny.
db-shdr, A waterfall, a cataract.
abshdrdn (pL of the preceding),
Absharau, name of the promontory of
Baku.

dbasht, Concealment ; hidden,
covered up.

sVSliA}^ dbaahta-gdh, dbisHa-gdh
abashta-gah, dbishta-gah, 6l£uA^ dbishtan-
gdh, abishtan-gah), A place of con-

cealment; a back yard where rubbish is
thrown ; a privy.

fcj^l abishtan, dbashtan, To hide, cover.
abishtan, To conceal.

jjskM dbiah-khwur, A cistern, a watering-
place, reservoir; the bed of a river; a
fountain-head ; a drinking- vessel ; lot, por-
tion ; a halt, stay.

o^T ( 9 ) <±*T

•^j*- 4 -^ dbishkhwanl , A watering-place.

pM\ dbeham. The cone of silk in which
the worm encloses itself, the cocoon; a
coarse kind, or refuse, of silk.

abishan, A bridegroom's shirt.

y«U^ ab-ehinds, Skilful in discovering
springs, or conveying water by aqueducts ;
a, pilot; the man who keeps a look out for
shoals from the mast-head; — also y*Lfc£>>li
ft ab-shinasi kdr, Intelligent, expert, fami-
liar with fundamental truths.

dbshang, The bathing vessel de-
scribed under gyft db-ean.

•>y*»T abshorah, Water cooled with salt-
petre.

' i '1 1^ dbsheb, A channel for water flow-
ing from high grounds.

ft&fi dbehem, Raw silk.

a absdr (pi. of basar), Eyes, looks;
perceptions by the eye ; — ibsdr (v.n. of jo>),
Looking at, seeing ; causing to see ; being
evident

a absar, More or most clear-sighted.
vA db-sifat, Humble ; useful ;~db-
sifat budan, To be humble ; to promote the
interests of others.

a <J*\ abz (v.n.), Binding the fore-foot of
a camel with a rope to the shoulder.

a ibzti' (v.n. 4 of Sorting goods
for sale ; sending a lot or sample ; answer-
ing categorically ; quenching one's thirst
(water).

a tf\ ibt, ibit, The arm-pit.

a olW ibt a' (v.n. 4 of »jW), Delaying, pro-
ceeding slowly, tarrying, lingering.

a £\i=}\ ibtdkh (v.n. 4 of gk?), Having
melons in abundance.

a J&t\ abtal (pi. of batal), Brave war-
riors, heroes; — ibtdl (v.n. 4 of Jk),
Making void, abolishing, rendering fruit-
less and abortive ; refuting, proving to be
false ; dealing in trifles or vanities.

A £n\ abtah, Low-lying, gravelly ground ;
wide, level plain.

a JM abtal, More or most vain, or fruit-
less.

a <i\*i\ ab'dd (pi. of bu'd), Distances ;
dimensions ; — ab'ddi saldsah, The three
distances, i.e. length, depth, and breadth ;
— ib'dd (v.n. 4 of ■**»), Placing at or draw-
ing to a distance, alienating.

a J*t\ ab'ad, Very remote ; more or most
distant ; a traitor.

A |>U?\ ibgkdz (v.n. 4 of u**)), Bearing
hatred, hating; provoking, making hate.

<a»*^ abaft, A kind of coarse cloth.
abfarah, A stallion.

a t3»T ubaq (for P. <aM Cibah), Quicksilver ;
— dbiq, Runaway (slave).

a »IM ibqd' (v.n. of Rendering per-
manent, establishing ; keeping, preserving,
hoarding, laying by ; sparing.

Ay^ abqar, Nitre, saltpetre.

! a abqa' (a pye), Variegated, black
j and white.

a JjSjl abqd, More or most lasting.
<*W^ dbak, Quicksilver ; measles, pimples,
blotches ;— dbuk, Anything watery or full
of water ; a full basin.

j^f db~Mr, A water-carrier, a cup-
bearer ; a wine-merchant ; a drinker of
wine ; a jeweller, polisher of gems ; a dis-
tiller.

ft*\ abkdr, Agriculture.

a j&t\ ab&dr (pi. of bikr), Virgins, mai-
den ; ibkdr (v.n. 4 of fi), Performing
anything in the morning ; making haste,
taking time by the forelock ; causing (one)
to rise betimes ; the morning.

ijj^rt db-kdri, Being a water-carrier, &c.
(see J&iY) ; a tax on the manufacture and
sale of spirituous liquors, and intoxicating
drugs ; a distillery.

A-^tf db-kdmah, A kind of sour and
bitter gruel or drink, prepared in different
ways, for creating appetite or aiding diges-
tion ; sauce, condiment.

(_r-*^ db-kash, A water-carrier or drawer.

i^- 4 -**! db-kashi, The drawing of water ; —
db-kasM kardan, To draw water ; — gdwi db-
kashi, An ox for drawing water.

(j*-*^ dbkashm, A bracelet.
dbkam, A kind of serpent.

a abkam, Dumb.

JkA*jf db-kand, Any hollow channel exca-
vated by the rushing of a torrent ; a place
where water collects and stagnates ; a pond ;
name of a city.

^\ db-kur, Miserly, churlish.

abag, Name of a town near Shiraz.

te'&iS dbgdna, An abortion.

jUSfl db.gdh, The back and sides under
the short ribs ; a pond, a cistern.

jUStf db-guzdr, A ford, a ferry ; an ex-
press.

dh-guzar, A canal, a channel for

water.

^jjS^ db-garddn, A ladle.

Jbjfii db-gardish, A whirlpool, an eddy ;
a fleet horse ; vertigo ; crop sickness.

jj£>\ db-gur, A horse-trough ; an aqueduct.
db-gur-kash, A worthless fellow.

Oj^t ab-giin, Water-coloured, azure,
liquid bine; the heavens ; glass; ice; a
bright sword ; starch mixed with blue ;
name of a river flowing from Khwarazm,
and falling into the Caspian Sea; — db-gun-
taram (qafas), the heavens; — db-gun sadaf,
the heavens ; the sun ; the moon.

db-gah, A watering-place, cistern, re-
servoir.

i J*\ dbagi, Watery.

y&y db-gir, Any hollow place where water
collects and stagnates ; a pool, pond, ditch ;
a weaver's brush for sprinkling yarn in the
loom.

( 10

and

)

dMji&ft fibgrrndk, Full of poolB
ditches.

a ^ CH^A dbgin-&£,dna, A bee's nest ; a
bee-hive.

t^&ft ab-glna, Glass; a drinking- glass;
a foil set -under gems ; a diamond ; wine ; a
lover's tears: — abgina'i shdtni, A name for
the most transparent glass ; — abgina'i la-
ram, The heavens.

iiU. iuSjlf dbgtna-ihdna, A glazed house;
a room hung with mirrors ; the first and
second heavens.

£ dbgmagar, A glass-maker.

a J»t ibl, ibil, Camels, the camel spe-
cies.

^\ abil, The lesser cardamom ; — abul,
Name of a stringent medicinal plant.

a "V ibid' (v.n. 4 of (Ji), Wearing out a
garment ; trying, proving ; having enough,
being content.

a iblas (v.n 4 of wty, Being despe-
rate, dumbfounded, grieved.

a £M ibid' (v.n. 4 of gW), Causing, al-
lowing, or giving time to swallow.

a £W iblagk (v.n. 4 of Causing to
arrive, conveying, sending.

a ablat, abalai, Heaviness, indiges-
tion ; sin, crime ; — abilat, Anything wanted,
need, necessity ; prolificness ; — iblat, Hosti-
lity ; enmity ; — -ibillat, Progeny, tribe ; —
ublat, A murrain, sickness, blight ; — ubullat,
Dates bruised between two stones, and then
milked upon ; tribe, companions ; name of
very pleasant place near Basra.

a gl^ ablaj, One whose eye-brows are
wide apart ; clear, bright, resplendent, evi-
dent.

a £W ablagh, More or most perfect, most
effectual ; more or most emphatic ; elo-
quent.

a tjb\ ablaq, Black and white, parti-
coloured, pie-bald ; name of a fortress ; —
ctblaqi aiydm, The world; ablaqi charich
(falak), Night and day ; time; the world ;
— ablaqi mu(Jaqv l-'indn, The world; for-
tune.

a (jM ablaq-ehashm, Having eyes in-
tensely black and white.

a <jSi)\ ablag, Pie-bald ; — abalag, abilg, A
spark of fire.

S^A dbl&j, abluj (also gjM abluch),

White sngar-candy ; powdered sugar ; the
sugar-plant.

abluk, A double-faced man, a hypo-
crite, a flatterer.

dbila, A blister, pimple ; small-pox ;
a bubble floating on the water; — dbila'i
pistdn, The nipple of the breast ; — dbila'i
chashm, A pearl or white speck upon the
eye ; — dbila'i rukhi falak, The stars ; the
sun; — dbila'i roz, The sun ; — dbila'i farang,
The French or European pox, venereal
disease ; — dbila ax ham gutaslan (birun

clddan), To break a blister ; — dbila bar pd
rekhtan, To put to flight, to weaken, to
render helpless; — dbila batlan (damidan,
kardan), To raise blisters; to rise in blis-
ters ; — dbila dar su£&un paiddet, A man is
known bv his speech ;— abila'i dil shikaslan,
To set the heart at rest; — abila zadan, To
bubble.

a *M ablah, Foolish, simple, ignorant,
stupid, bashful.

a #1 ablahdnah, Foolishly.

JJJ< *^ dbila-parwar, Blistered.

abila-ramda, )i; abila ret.
Blistered (hand).

J) *W dbila-zdr, Full of blisters.

»jj iljf dbila-eada, Pock-marked, measled.
alfi dbila-farsd, *M dbila farsud,
Blistered.

a s-1 sh\ ablah-lab, With a foolish
tongue, "a prating fool."

a ablahi, Silliness, Bimpleness, ig.

norance.

<tSeVi dbiltta, A Bower, husbandman.
a (_r>*M iblis, The devil ; — ibUti pur talbit.
The deceitful devil.
a iblisanah, Diabolically, like the

devil.

abliaa, A sower, a husbandman.
ju*»T dbmand, Powerful, prosperous, for-
tunate.

ibrniq, A coulter ; a yoke of oxen.

a abn (v.n.), Suspecting, rendering
suspected ; — ibn, A son ; — ibn art, A (son of
the earth) stranger ; — ibnu 'l-amir, Of noble
blood, high-born; — ibnu 's-sabil, A traveller;
— i£»««m»,Name of an interpreter of dreams
unequalled in his age ; — ibnu '1-gJiaraz, A
selfish person, a schemer ; — ibnu 'l-pkaib, A
God knows who, a nobody, an upstart ; —
ibnu 'l-waqt, A time-server, a sycophant.

A »m abnd' (pi. of ibn), Sons; — abnd'i
a'mdm, Cousins ; — abnd'i ins u jdn, Men
and genii ;-~abnd'i jins, Persons of the
same rank, condition, or kind; compa-
nions, comrades, equals; — abnd'i jahdn,
Men, animals, or plants ; — abnd'i darzah,
Mean, ignoble men ; — abnd'i dahr (rot-
gar, zamdn, 'asr), Sons of the age, contem-
poraries; — ibnd' (v.n. 4 of ^y»), Ordering
a building to be erected.

yji-U^ abnakhon, A fortress.

<*!^ dbnak, Moist, watery, succulent,

a iijt ibnaU A daughter ; — ubnat, A vice,
blemish ; a knot in wood, a gnur ; a spur ;
an itching disease in the fundament.

a *o>j <s^\ ubnat-zadah = ubna-zadah,
q, v.

a 6£m\ db-nuqrah, Quicksilver, liquid
silver.

u-yiS dbnu«, Ebony ; a kind of fish,
u-y^ dbniisi, Made of ebony ; — dbnuti-

<yT ( 11

»ha&li, An ebony pipe ; a pipe played on
any festivity.

t)-*s*^ ah noehidan, To drink water ;
to be stupefied, benumbed.

a »J) dJ»^ ubnah-zadah, Suspected of in-
famous practices, branded with infamy,

•jt\ abu, water-lily.

a *\ abu, A father;— abit 'l-arwah,
Quicksilver; — abu 'I bathar, Adam, the
father of man; — abu 'l-jam l , Chieftain; —
abu, 'l-husain, Father of the little fortress,
i.e. a fox; — abu. 'l-hayd, Name of Othman,
the third Khalif ; — abu 'l-hayya (-'abbas,
mitrdq), Penis; — abu 'l-fazl, Name of
the accomplished secretary to Sultan
Akbar, and author of the Akbar-ndmah ; —
obit l-fomjak, Anything new, rare, or .
agreeable ; a facetious, witty, or well-bred
man ; a buffoon, jester, mimic ; — abu bard-
qish, Name of a speckled bird ; — abu bakr,
The father-in-law and first Khalif, or suc-
cessor to Muhammad ; — abu turdb, Name of
AH, son-in-law to Muhammad ; — abu jahl,
Name of an uncle of Muhammad ; — abu
haris, A lion ; — abu hanifa, Name of the
first great Mubammadan lawyer ; — abu
ihaha, Melilot, bugloss-plant ; — abu darda,
Name of one of Muhammad's Companions ;
— abu zaid, Name of the hero of Hariri's
Assemblies ; a man famous for his skill in
chess ; — abii eaif, A name of Nadir Shah ;
abu {alib, Name of the father of All ; — abu
tdmiin, Jews' pitch ; — abu 'ah, A species of
violet ; — abu qdbug, Name of Nu'man, king
of Arabia; — abii- qubais, Name of a moun-
tain near Meccah ; a fortress in the pro-
vince of Aleppo ; — abu qulmun, A kind of
shot silk, a variegated cloth ; chameleon ;
a certain bird ; (met.) the changing world ;
a fickle person, a turn-coat ; — abu humirak,
Father of the kitten, name of one of Mu-
hammad's Companions.

A s^y^ abwdb (pi. of bob), Gates, doors ;
chapters, sections; conjugations; pointB,
principles ; dues, fees, heads or subjects of
taxation ; — abwabi thanaduri, Taxes on re-
tailers of liquors, &c. ; — abwabi shddi, An
imposition levied to defray the marriage
expenses of a great personage ; — ba hamah
abwdb, By all means, in every way.
abiiban; Repentance.

a tj>\ ubuwat, Paternity ; fathers.

^ytf db-warz, A swimmer.

tSjy s->\ db-warsi, Swimming, natation.

A jy\ ubuz (v.n, of Springing, bound-
ing, leaping.

^ abu-mrjmihr, Name of Nushir-
wan's great wazir.

a ^aj^ ab'us (pi. of bu'g), Misfortunes.

a y«>^ abtis, Swift, fleet (horse).

a abuz, Very swift (horse).

A jj^ abuq, Runaway (slave).

A Jy\ ubul (v.n. of J»\), Supplying by

) S^'

green herbage the place of water (cattle) ;
abstaining from venery.

0^*)^ abilmdn, Repentance.
abun, Elecampane, ginger.
dbwand, A vessel in which water is

kept.

<Jif \ abuydn, Repentance,

*»1 dbah, Name of a village ; clear, limpid.

a if\ abh, abah (v.n.), Recollecting, re-
membering, recalling to mind a thing
forgotten.

f>\&\ ibhdm (?.n. 4 of Shutting,
closing; ambiguity, doubt; uncertainty;
the thumb, the great toe.

a ubbahat, Magnificence, grandeur,
glory.

yt\ abhar, A water-mill.

a abhar, A vein in the back, the
jugular vein ; the back of a bow ; — abahr,
Name of a city.

ubhul, Seed of the mountain cypress,
or juniper; juniper berries; mountain
cypress.

vbkul, Liquorice-root.

utf^ abihi, Name of the river dhu,
ate, Watery ; cultivated by irrigation
(opp. daiml, watered by rain, m.c.) ; blue ;
a quince ; a kind of grape.

a ^ dbi, abiy, A refuser, rejecter,
loather; — dbi shudan, To stand still, to be-
come congealed (water).

,jt\ abe, aU (for be, bi), Without ; — abl an
kih, Over and above that which.

a abydt (pi. of bait), Verses, di-

stichs.

aby&r, A waterer, sprinkler, irrigator ;
irrigation.

<_Sjle»l db-ydri, Irrigation; — db-ydri kar-
dan, To irrigate, to water ( fields).

(jjV*)) abyari, A kind of stuff of a thin
texture ; a species of dove.
dbydn, Penitent.
Art 1 ! dbid, A spark of fire,

abiddd (for blddd), Tyranny, in-
justice.

abir, A bucket ; a spark ; tears ; a

shirt.

y>A\ able, yt#\ abizh, A spark of fire ; an
urn.

abestan, To adorn, embellish, deco-
rate.

abisham, Flue of raw silk ; the

cocoon.

jUa ^ abi ehumdr (for bi-shumdr), In-
numerable.

a abyaz. White ; a sword (as being
bright).

a ibyizdz (v.n. 9 of i/*0> Being

white ; whiteness.

A 0*-**^ abyazdn, du., Milk and water ;
two veins in a camel's udder.

05*^ abiq, A bright colour ; a depilatory
drug.

A Js^ ibb'd, A herd or flock of horseB,

( 12 )

camels, or birds ; a string of them following
each other.

abin, Name of a village near which
bitumen is dug,
jtfi abiw (abew), Blue-coloured.
Jj^rft abiward, Name of a city in Shurftsan.
<;jjs»l abyun, Opium, poppy-juice; treacle.
^Hi ts*^ ofef yahmiyd, A cramp, a
spasm.

jfcfi ipdr, Thyme, sweet marjoram.

apdra (8. prithu), Extended, level ;

simple.

wpidar (misreading for ^\ idarV),
Here, behold !

^ aprd (in Zand and Pazand), Soil,
earth, mould.

f»^>V^ ipraham (in Zand and Pazand),
Abraham.

aparkhlda, Clear, pure, without

alloy.

apurndk (in Zand and Pazand), A
youth; Turks.

apr<m<£«M, Goat's skin dressed.
aparwdz, Plight.
>ijy>1 aparwiz (aparwee), Victorious, glori-
ous ; name of a king ; a sieve ; a guide ; a
sugar-refinery.

yL^t apmn, A whetstone.
«tU.>t apshah, Dew.

t**>\ ipghada, Vain, foolish, light-headed.

*i\£>\ apkdna, An abortion.

;\r^ Apkardr, A runner, express messen-
ger (see ^^T,of which it is perhaps a mis-
reading).

<\,**\ ipmld, A plough-share ; a yoke of
oxen.

Jpjtf dpilk, Making a noise by filling the
mouth with air, and then striking it.

ij5>j«>l apirash, A stadium, a race-ground.

cs)p>^ ipairak, Of a lead-colour; name of
au island.

k o~sS*^ apildnt, Appellant.

^oijt^.aplrandakh, Goat's skin dressed.
yai) apiz, aptza, An urn, a pitcher;
a crooked billet with which they draw
waters

<j>y.»\ apytin, Opium, poppy-juice ; treacle.

£A ai, "Pfctr affix pronoun of the second
person singular to a word ending in mute
& he; as ^ *»^- Jckuna-at, Thy house.

T ^ atu, itii, A father.

t eX>\j\ atdbak (from V*X atu, a father,
and tsi-i bah a lord), The lord father (a
title given to the governors of Sbiraz) ; a
guardian, preceptor, teacher ; the prime
minister, or vizir ; honorary title of an
amir; name of a Persian dynasty origi-
nating from Sa'd bin Zangl.

a. t i^uUt atdt, Pomp, grandeur,
ita-dih, Tributary ; a briber.

jjJjj'irt atdziim, The United States (m.c.
from Fr. Etats Unis),

a*W atdqa, An egrette.

<CI>1 atdla, A kind of porridge.

jiijUl>\ atd mdzhor, Staff (m.c. from Fr.
Etat-major).

a atari, utdn, A she-ass.

Wfl atbd (in Zand and Pazand), An arrow.

a £W*1 atbd' (pi. of taba'), Followers, de-
pendents, servants; — itbd' (v.n. 4 of £*?),
Following, overtaking ; causing to follow,
joining one to another ; two alliterative
words following each other, to emphasize
an idea, similar to the English hurly-burly,
as hasan basan, Handsome, etc. ; — ittibd'
(v.n. 8 cf £**), Following, pursuing ; obe-
dience.

a itbdl (v.n. 4 of J->J)> Making weak,
sick or insane (love) ; ruining, destroy-
ing (misfortune).

dibin, Eloquent ; a skilful per-
former ; most felicitous ; name of Fari-
dun's father.

a ittijdh (v.n. 8 of £*j), Entering (a
thought into the mind); attention, assiduity.

a oW\ Utikdd (v.n. 8 of Being
single, being one ; union, concord, intimate
friendship.

Jyx* j\cf\ ittihdd-marml, Abode of sin-
cerity or concord.

a <_iW^ it-Mf (v.n. 4 of «-*'« ? ), Giving,
making a present.

^\ ittikhdz (v.n. 8 of aU), Taking to
one's self.

A v»yi atrdb (pi. of tirb), Companions,
equals in age, peers, cotemporariea ; — Urab
(v.n. 4 of v/), Having wealth ; being
dust-soiled ; strewing with earth.

J/\ atrdr, Barberries.

A itrar (v.n. 4 of /), Throwing away ;
banishing, driving into exile ; playing at
bandy ; — utrdr, Name of a town in Turk-
is tan.

a yolyl itrds (v.n. 4 of (_/»/), Making firm,
strong, even, straight, just, or equal.

a itrd' (v.n. 4 of if), Filling.

a <-i\f \ iirdf (v.n. 4 of <-*/), Bestowing
the luxuries of life ; seducing, corrupting ;
rendering effeminate and dissolute (afflu-
ence).

a atfdk (pi. of turh), Turks; Tar-
tar, Turcoman.

uuyl utrvt, Name of a certain king.

a &f \ ulruj, utrujj, An orange.

s-^ atriib, A kind of disease which
renders the skin loose and flabby.

a )w\ uirur, The servant of a magistrate,
a bailiff, a catchpoll ; a lad.

a <yly\ ittimn (v.n. 8 of <£$>)■ Being
weighed ; being accurate in measure
(poem).

a £V-Jt ittisdkh (v.n. 8 of £»j), Being
dirty; filthiness, nastiness.

A v £\~jrt ittisd 1 (v.n. 8 of g-j), Being wide,
ample, extended, diffused.

A jUit ittiadq (v.n. 8 of (J-j), Being
joined, connected, arranged, complete;
setting in order.

o~ti ( 13 )

a f\~s\ itlieam (v.n. 8 of p~> )), Placing a
mark upon oneself ; being marked.

utwl utsat, A plant (Boerhavia diffusa) .

T y~S\ atsiz, y*~ >\ atsiz, Name of a king of
KhiLrazm.

dtish, Fire ; light, splendour ; rage ;
levity, fickleness ; valour, value, dignity ;
dearness, scarceness ; (met.) the Devil ; a
courageous man, bold, brave ; a lover ; fire
of love; desire, appetite, greed; digestive
heat ; sulphur ; — dtishi sb-parwar, A sword
of good temper ; — dtish at ab bar awardan
(afrokhtan) , To do something extraordinary
or wonderful ; — dtish az chasmi lease girif-
tan, To frighten ; — atish az chanar dyad, It
happens unexpectedly dtishi azhdaha, The
seven planets ; — dtishi a»man, A thunder-
bolt; — atish dshdmldan (khwurdan, noshi-
dan), To grieve violently ; — dtish uftddan
(giriftan, rajtan), To catch fire ; — atish
afgandan (anddkhtan, rekhtan. zadan), To
set on fire ; — atish ba jdn, Sorrow, grief ;
desire, love ; — dtishi basta, Red gold ; — dtish
ba-ddstar bastan (bar in/ri pahlic gustardan) ,
To suffer wrong, to be oppressed ; — dtishi
barzln, Name of the sixth fire-temple; —
dtish bar kardan (kardan, kashidan), To set
a fire ablaze ; — dtishi bahdr, A rose, a
tulip ; the beauty of spring ; — dtishi bi
bad. Wine ; the bustle of a market ; in-
justice, oppression \— dtishi bl dad, Wine;
injustice, oppression (dtishi bl dad afrukh-
tan, Glorify injustice) ; — dtishi bl dud, The
sun ; rage, fury ; wine ; a ruby ; — dtishi bi
tabdna, Wine; a precious stone, as a ruby,
a cornelian ; — dtishi par si, The Persian fire,
the disease called St. Anthony's fire ; pus-
tules breaking out on the lips after a fever;
— dtish pdshldan, To be hasty, or unsteady ;
to oppress ; — dtishi pur ab, Wine ; tears of
grief ; a goblet of wine ; — dtishi paimdna
(jam), Wine ; — dtishi tdbanda, The burning
sun; human nature; — dtishi tale, Wine ; —
dtishi tar, Wine ; the lip of a mistress ; a
ruby, a sapphire ; — atishi tazwHr, Soup for
the sick ; — dtishi toba-soz, Wine ; — dtishi
jdmi zlbaql, Red wine in a goblet of crystal
or silver ; — dtishi hajar, Fire struck from a
flint ; a ruby, a cornelian ; — dtishi khd-
mosh, A fire that throwB out no sparks ; an
extinguished fire ; — dtish kh.dmoih kardan
(sard kardan, kushtan nishdndan), To extin-
guish a fire (khuftan, mardan, nishastan are
construed with dtish, in the sense of being
extinguished) ; — dtishi khas-posh, A lip on
which uiustachios are sprouting ; — dtishi
khymrshed, The light of the sun ; love ; grief ;
— atish dddan, To fire ; to shoot ; to provoke ;
to unsettle the mind ; to abandon ; — dtishi
dihqdn, A burning up of stubble, to ferti-
lize the land ; — dtishi rat. Wine made from
grapes ; — dtishi ruhdniydn, Angelic bodies;
— dtishi rot, The sun ; light and heat ; —
dtish tadan, To set on fire; — dtishi tar,

Lustrt?, elegance, beauty ; — dtishi samzam,
The sua; — dtish ziri pd ddsMan, To be
restless ; — dtishi sard, Red wine ; the lip
of a mistress ; gold ; — dtishi sag, The dog-
violet ; — dtishi sum, Fire struck from a
stone by the hoof of a horse ; — dtishi saudd,
Love ; pensiveness, melancholy ; — dtishi
saiydl, Red wine ; — dtishi simdbsdn, The
sun ; — dtishi shajar. Wine ; a pomegranate ;
— dtishi subh (salib), The son ; — dtishi tab',
Moroaeness, harshness ; — dtishi tur, The
fire that appeared to Moses at Mount Sinai ;
— d-ishi fdrei— dtishi pdrsi above; — dtishi
fusurda, Cougealed fire, i.e. gold ; — qtifihi
qtifita (kdrwdn, manzil, wddi), A fire
lighted by the caravans at night, to direct
those who have remained behind ; — dtishi
kibrit, A fire kindled with brimstone ; —
dtishi gul, The splendour of a rose, a
flower; — dtishi qandil, The ardour of the
heart, of love ; — dtishi lutf, Bounty, libe-
rality ; — dtishi mujassam, A well-tempered
sword; — dtishi mi'da (fire of the stomach),
Hunger ; — atishi musd, The fiery pillar
which served as a guide to the Israelites ; —
dtish nishdndan, To extinguish a fire ; to
appease anger ; to quell a riot ; — dtishi
namrud, The fire into which Abraham was
cast by Nimrod ; — dtishi naistdn (ndyistan),
The beauty of the spring ; — atish u db, A
sword ; a goblet of wine ; — dtishi wddi'i
iman, The sacred valley in which God
conversed with Moses ; — dtishi haft mij-
marah, The seven planets ; — dtishi hindi,
An Indian sword ; — bar dtish nishastan, To
become ruined.

*j\r^ atish afrdza, A rocket.

yttTj dtish-afroz, Who or what kindles
a fire ; anything for lighting a fire ; tinder ;
an eolipile ; a phoenix ; the eleventh month
of the era of Yazdagird.

(jii^ dtish-afrozana, Chips, shavings ;
a tinder-box.

yijf atish-anddit, Casting out fire.

•iS\ fjj^ dtish-dlud, «JjOJ\ dtish andud.
Suffused with fire.

y!&\ <JJ\ dtish-anget, Kindling of fire ; an
incendiary.

;W dtish-bdr, Raining fire, flaming ;
a tire-lock ; a tinder-box.

uiil dtish-bdz, Playing with fire ; a
maker of fire-works ; pyrotechnical ; an
engineer; lightning.

^ (jtj^ dtish-bdzi, Fire-works, pyrotech-
nics ; a bonfire.

lt^ dtishbdn, A devil, a demon.

«iXJ) (jts'S dtish-barg, A tinder-box.

sj^ jls} dtish-pdra, A spark of fire,
lighted coal, match, a candle ; the moon ; a
glow-worm ; litigious, quarrelsome, choleric,
yt;^ dtish-pdy, Restless ; mettlesome.
<J£\ dti*h-parast, A fire- worshipper;
a physician ; a moth.

O^T ( 14 ) j*JT

» . wt ,, ^ alisfc parastoncfa., A fire-

worshipper,

cj*^ c^l d<i«fe-poTO8H, Fire-worship.

jjtft u**? dtith-parwar, A shining sword ;
war engines.

j**t Js^l dtish-paikar, The sun; a spirit, a
demon.

v>to atigh-tdb, A furnace, stove,

grate ; one who superintends a furnace.

(jWl dttih-taba, A furnace, stove,

grate.

jlJytJ^ atisk-tdv, ft <J£ dtish-tav, Warmth,
heat ; a furnace.

a dtith-hajar, A flint-stone ; a

ruby ; a sapphire; a physician.

a jUl dti*A-&£ft!ftr, In love ; one of a
quick understanding, or of an enlightened
mind.

(jW^ atUh-khdwi, A fire-temple ; a
park of artillery.

yif^ dtuk-Uupdr, )f- diigh-khwar.
*)V" i»r^ diwA-Mwdra, An eater of un-
lawful food; a receiver of bribes; a phoe-
nix ; a salamander ; a tyrant.

o J V- tr*! dtish-hhayal, Of fiery imagina-
tion ; inflaming the imagination.

£1j yij^ dluih-ddgA, A burn, a scar.

glAAi^ dtishddti, A hearth, a fire-place ; a
chafing-dish, or portable grate for coals.

t-r*T atwh.dast, Dexterous, clever.

p> \J*\ dtisk-dam, Eloquent.

y» dlieh'dav, *^j>> ^} dtish dawanda,
Moving in fire, " fire-traveller."

$ dtith-ru, With glowing face.

J4> <J£\ dti»h-re*, Pouring out fire, incen-
dious.

j\j ijtf] dtieh-xdr, A place abounding in
fire ; a hearth.

^ dtish-zabdn, Eloquent, rhetori-
cal.

tjfo) ir-^ diith-zadagi, Conflagration,
anon.

dtish-mn, **j jjii^ dJwA-swwa, A
fire-steel, a tinder-box; a flint; tinder,
touch-wood ; combustibles.

yU»~4J^ dti»hi»tan, A region of fire (hence
applied to a hot fire of cannon or small-
arms in battle) ; a funeral-pile.

(^afc- yt*^ dtish-sukhun, A reviler, rebuker,
who uses inflammatory language ; a usur-
per.

o <j.-« a «l dtish-taM'dt, Fiery-tempered.

vt-«lL fj^} atish-tal'at, i»-*Ui qx^T diwAwi-
f.al'af., With glowing countenance.

a yli* dtith-'inani A fleet horse ;

swift, fleet.

f»l* i^rTj «fwR-/dm> Of the colour of fire ;
fire-like.

dtisa-/aTds(, A Tocket.

))/ dtisk-furox, An eolipile ; a phoe-
nix ; the eleventh month of the era of
Yazdagird.

(jjUti dtish-juh&n, Scattering fire ; a
volcano.

a y& (jW^ dtith-jikr, Of quick understand-
ing ; of an enlightened mind.

a J»» J*} dtith-fi'l, Fiery, fleet, mettle-
some.

dlishak, A small fire ; lightning ; a
fire-fly ; the venereal disease.

(jS^I dtiehkd = atish-lcdn, q.v.

jl&AJ'f dtish-hdr, A stoker in a bath; a
blacksmith; a fire-place, kitchen; angry,
hasty, tyrannical ; quick, swift.

i«ytf (jS-Ti dtish-kdri, The craft of a stoker,
of a blacksmith.

u*^ u 4 "? dtfwft fewA, A fire-shovel.
dtith-kdn^ A fire-temple,
dtish-hav, A poker.
ioXai^ dtieh-kada, A fire-temple ; — dtiih
kada'i bahrdm, The sign Aries.
f lt-H dtitfc-jar, A blacksmith.

yij^ dtish-gari, The craft of a black-
smith.

dtiek-gdh, A fire-temple ; a fur-
nace, grate, chimney.
a dtiih-guhar, Fieryj mettled.

dtish-gun, Fiery-coloured ; a kind

of flower.

yiJf dtish-gir, Whatever catches fire.
lyjiisj dtith-gira, A fire-shovel ; fuel,
tinder.

fcS o^jy dtwkldtet, A place abounding in
fire ; a hearth.

y-M yti^ diiih-libds, Clothed in scarlet.

a eV" y"! dWsA-mwo/, Fiery-tempered.
dtishndk, Fiery, hot.

a jLu J^] atigh-nisdr, Weeping, sad, sor-
rowful.

a s— i dtish-nasab, Born of fire ; fiery-
tempered.

y*^ 1 u^T atiah-nishin, Placed on fire ; en-
wrapped in fire.

a y-Ai JlSX dtish-nafas. Breathing fire ;
eloquent.

u^T diwA-ntAad, Fiery-tempered, in-
flammable.

JlyiAj^ aiish-nihdl, A fire of faggots.
a dtish'ioddl'i adman, Divine

glory, or the pillar of fire.

\f£S'\ dtishwa-hiridi, An Indian

sword.

dtithl, Belonging to fire, fiery, burn-
ing hot; fired with rage, irascible, choleric;
— atishi shudan, To be enraged; to be
headstrong.

iJ £*\ atitki, A porcupine.

dtithiydn, Demons, genii, infidels ;

eloquent.

SyfrA'T dtuhiza, A glow-worm.

dtithin, Fiery ; — atithln ydftan, To
produce splendour.

^ tyrts'S diUhin db, Red wine ; hot tears.

Ujj^ (jf^AJf dtititen azhdahd, A planet.

»a&j^ dtishin-dhang, Quick of

action.

a (^AjT dtighin-Uydn, Eloquent.
jj^Af^ <ai«.W«-j»d, Swift of motion, fleet.

(

dtisMn.jtanja, Skilful, adroit.
fyi y**^ dtishin-paikar, The sun ; genii,
devils.

Jet dtuhvn pU, The sun.

(je-w^ dtishm-jdn, Able to live in the
fire (having fire-proof life).

ye-Wj atw&tn-^'a&tn, With glowing

hrow.

a iyW dtighin-jihea, Resplendent

like fire.

l^yt- y«**^ dtiehm-jawaldn. Moving
swiftly, turning about quickly.

£U 0«AJTj atishin ddgh, A "burnt mark, a
brand.

ye- 4 ^ dtishin-dast, Dexterous, clever.
eV y*^>li dtishin-daiedj, The sun ; a
ruddiness in the sky ; red wine.

y***^ <itwAin-riiM*a»*a, With glow-
ing countenance.
0^*3 y** 4 ^ dti8hin~xaban, A fluent speaker.

dtishin-sukhun, Eloquent ; an
impressive speaker.

W» ye-*-* 1 ! dtishln-slmd, With glowing
face.

o OJu> tyrti\ atishin sadaf, -i-^-o y*-^
atishin salib, The sun.

a;W yaAfTj dtiehin-'izdr, With glowing
cheeks.

a JL,\i ye-Wflj dtishvn-kdsa, The sun.
a, y-U y~4«n a(i«At«-ii6os, Clothed in
scarlet ; scarlet clothing.

y»AJ^ dtithin mar, A heart-burning
sigh ; a flame ; a rocket.

afi»Am Aa/i a»WaA«, The

seven planets.

litisa/ - (v.n. 8 of «-A*>), Being de-
scribed, praised; describing, praising to-
gether; description, qualification.

a JUrt ittisdl (v.n. 8 of J-_>), Being
closely united ; conjunction, contiguity,
communication.

a fcUf\ itlizdh (v.n. 8 of ^j-j), Being clear,
evident, manifest.

a. iltifdq (v.n. 8 of ^ij), Agreeing,
consenting ; approaching one another ;
happening, coming to pass ; concord, con-
sent, harmony, league; chance, accident;
— Utifdqi hasanah, Unexpected good for-
tune ; agreeable accidents,

a "\fl*rt ittifdqan (adverbial acc. of the
preceding), Unanimously, in concert, with
one accord ; perchance, accidentally ; suc-
cessfully.

A m»\itort Utifdqdt (pi. of ittifdq), Ac-
cidents; successes.

a ,jJUrt ittifaqi, *<fiUrt ittifdqiyah, Casual,
fortuitous ; consenting, agreeing.

a »Urt ittiqa' (v.n. 8 of ^ } ), Being timid
and wary ; heed, caution.

ittiqdf (v.n. 8 of *-«>), Restraining
one'B senses ; abstaining, fasting.

q\b\ itqdn(y.n. 4 of y«), Making strong;
establishing.

15 ) dJt

A •>^e&\ atqiya (pi. of taqty), Religious,
god-fearing, devout (men).

«<W atak, Attock, a town on the Indus.

a °\&\ ittikd' (v.n. 8 of *l*»), Leaning
against ; reclining upon one side.

a Jtfrt ittikdl (v.n. 8 of Trusting,
relying upon, confiding in God ; reliance.
dtil, Name of a river, now the Volga.

a JJt>1 itldd (v.n. 4 of •*!»), Possessing
hereditary wealth.

a &s\ itld' (v.n. 4 of Stretching the
neck to see or hear.

a <-il»\ itldf (v.n. 4 of <-&), Consumiug,
ruining, destroying.

a atamm, More or most perfect or
complete.

a |»Ui\ itmdm (v.n. 4 of p), Completing,
bringing to perfection ; — itmdmi manlahat
Jcardan, To conclude any business ; — ba-
itmdm randan, To come to an end, to ter-
minate, to be carried out.

■i**^ itmld, A plougb-sharj ; a yoke of
oxen (see J***^).

yrt atari, Athens.

a yrt atn (v.n.). Standing, stopping,
tarrying.

a fiUrt itn&kb- (v.n. 4 of £«"), Oppressing
with indigestion.

a atndmis, Wild camomile.

a yUirt atndn (pi. of tinn), Alike, re-
sembling ; peers, equals j — itndn (v.n. 4
of yJ), Being distant; weakening a boy,
and preventing his growth (disease) ; —
atandn, Contraction of step, a shortening
of pace.

,j*jSjjrt atnogrdfi, Ethnographic (m.c).

h jrt uttu, utu, A braid ; — utlu (utu) ka-
shldan, To braid or plait a garment ; to
yawn, stretch one's self ; to run away pant-
ing (dog).

a f \ atvi (v.n.), An inveterate distemper,
calamity, death ; right way, straight path ;
a gift.

a Af\ itwd' (v.n. 4 of tjf), Destroying,
wasting.

wjrt atut (in Zand and Paz.), Roughness,
sharpness, pungency.

y^y*T dturbdn (S. atharvan), A monk, a
devotee.

t±f\ atusha, Name of King Shapur's
aunt (the classical Atossa).

f\ uttu-kash, f f\ uttii-gar, One who
braids a garment, makes ornamental folds
in cloth.

q3\ dtun, A schoolmistress who teaches
reading, writing, and embroidery ; the se-
cundine or membrane which encloses the
foetus, womb.

a yjrt atun, attun, An oven, furnace ; a
lime kiln.

ittihdd, m.c. for ■S&>\ q.v.

a it-ham (v.n. 4 of f*t), Travelling
to Tihamah ; discovering a country to be
unhealthy ; — ittihdm (v.n. 8 of Sus-

(

pecting something bad ; charge, imputa-
tion.

A tAsfi itydn (t.d. of J^), Coming;
arrival, accession, meeting,

a i*>t ass, Plentiful, luxuriant, involved,
entangled (hair or shrubs).

a isabal (v.n. 4 of vy), Rewarding;
recovering health.

A *a>U1 asds (v.n. of Growing luxu-

riantly (herbage) ; being plentiful, en-
tangled, involved (shrubs or hair) ; house-
hold furniture, chattels, property in general ;
land or slaves; — was (pi. of asis),
Luxuriant.

A *W asasah, A piece of furniture, <fcc. ;
any one particular species of wealth.

a y>T dsdr (pi. of asar), Impressions,
indications, signs, vestiges ; relics, monu-
ments ; traditions, annals of memorable
sayings or events ; — al-dsdr, The traditions
of Muhammad ; — dsdri eanawiyah, Chro-
nicles; — dsdri sharif (dsdri mubdrak), The
traditions or sacred relics of Muhammad ;
his first four successors ; — dsdri 'vlwlyah,
Sublime impressions, i.e. meteors.

A asdrat, The remains of anything ;
— isdrat (v.n. 4 of jy*), Raising duet, whirl-
ing it about ; ploughing ; bringing clouds
(wind).

a asafiy, agafi (pi. of usfiyat or

isfiyat), Trivete.

a dsdm (pi. of ism), Sins, crimes;
— astlm (v.n. of ,•>!), Name of an infernal
river, the Styx ; — also isdm, A mulct, fine,
punishment for crimes.

a euW»l asbdt (pi. of sabt), Trusty friends;
persevering; — isbdt (v.n 4 of t*— >), Confirm-
ing, corroborating ; fixing, recording, re-
gistering ; knowing for a certainty ; affirma-
tion, proof.

A yl**l isfchdn (v.n. 4 of y^), Enfeebling
(a wound); inflicting wounds *, conquering.

a/1 asr (v.n.), Relating, alleging,
handing down by tradition; the temper of
a sword ; — asar, A footprint, sign, mark ;
result, consequence ; tradition, Sunnah ;
commencing; purposing; — asari pa, asaru
'l-qadam, Footprint; — asarkardan, To make
an impression; to understand (m.c. syn,
fahmldan) ; — isr. The best part of butter ;
— usr, usur, The scar of a healed wound ;
gracefulness of countenance; — & (uf) asa-
rat, Remainder of anything.

}\/\ asr&r, Barberries (see _>tyrt aud)^yl).

a y^ yl asar-pazir, Taking effect, effica-
cious.

a asar-ddr, Informed, conversant

with.

a yU« y\ asar-sildn, Receiving an impres-
sion.

a asar-tiruz, A historian, a writer ;

— asar-tirdzdni ijtihdd, Sacred writers.

x usfiyat or isfiyat, A stone used
to prop a pot, a trivet.

J6 ) M

a J^l asqdl (pi. of sigl), Burdens, loads,
incumbrances, impediments, baggage, equi-
page, train, suite ; — asqdlu 'l-ar?, The trea-
sures of the earth, men buried therein ; —
isqdl (v.n. 4 of Jif), Making heavy, bear-
ing heavily (a load) ; loading heavily.

a J&\ asqal, More or most heavy,
heavier.

A asl, A tamarisk shrub.

A ,ji»l aslaq. Seed of the Agnus castus.

a p>\ dsim, asim, Sinner ; — asm (v.n.),
Sinning; — ism, Sin, crime, off ence ; anything
forbidden, as wine, dice, &c.

a jU?l asmdr (pi. of samar), Fruits ; —
ismdr (v.n. 4 of j*>), Bearing fruit.

a yUfl asmdn (pi. of saman), Prices ; —
ismdn (v.n. 4 of ), Completing the number
eight ; being rich in camels which are
watered on the eighth day ; paying a just
price.

a ismid, usmud, A stone from which
antimony is prepared.

asnd' (pi. of siny), Middle, inter-
val, included space ; whilst, during ; — dar
asna'i hal, In the midst of a state or con-
dition ; in a certain state or condition; —
dar asnd'i rah, In the middle of the road,
whilst travelling ; — dar in (an) asnd,
! Meanwhile, in the meantime (m.c).
) a »ly\ iswa,' (v.n. 4 of <jy), Continuing in
| any abode ; causing to tarry, to stay.
| a s-"V^ aswdi (pi. of saub), Vestments,
clothes, garments.

a Jy^ us ill (v.n. of J»^), Being firmly
rooted ; — (pi. of ad), Tamarisk-trees.

asir, The sphere of fire ; the sun ;

tears.

A j£\ aslr (v.a. olf\), Marking ; marked,
chosen, selected ; — (from G. alOr/p) Sky,
ether ; fire as an element.

■j<->\ asizh, Southernwood ; a spark of
fire.

a ,44ft asim, A sinner, criminal ; habitual
liar.

&\ dj, Desire, avidity.

t\ aj, A little ; a tamarisk ; a gourd ; —
uj , a wager, a stake at play .

a SpWI ijd'at (v.n. 4 of %«■), Bringing;
giving shelter.

a i»M ijdbat (v.n. 4 of >*>)*■), Answering,
consenting, admitting, complying with,
humouring, listening to ; an answer ; eva-
cuation, stool ; — ijdbat kardan. To respond.

a tjdj, Heats ; — ■ujdj, Brackish

water ; bitter.

a SjW^ ijddat (v.n. 4 of Jyc), Saying or
doing anything good; proclaiming any-
thing good.

a wuyVt vjdrat, ijdra, and in compounds
occasionally ijdr (from ^ ajr, recompense),
Letting on rent or hire ; price ; hire, wages,
rent, profit, emolument ; a privilege, or in-

( 17

come of variable amount, sold or let for a
fixed sum ; a farm ; — ijdrah kardan, To let
to a tenant ; — (V.n. 4 of Granting
protection, rescuing, coming to help.

A 4}Wt ijdrah-ddr, A farmer or Tenter
of land or of revenue ; a leaseholder ; a
monopolist.

a 8jW^ ijdmt (v.n. 4 of jy*-), Giving leave ;
permission, dispensation ; sanction, ap-
proval ; discharge, dismissal ; license ; pass-
port; — ijazat dddan, To give leave; — ij fa-
tal giriftan, To take leave.

a i\f- ijdzat-hhu)ah, Asking leave,

applicant, petitioner,

u»WA ijas, A species of Damask plum, a
prune.

A u»W^ ijjds (a foreign word introduced
into Arabic), A plum ; an apricot ; a pear.

t £M ujaglb, ujdq, A trivet ; a fire-
place, hearth ; a family, Taee.

csJVi djak, Earth, dust.

a ijalat (v.n. 4 of Jjv), Turning
round, circulating, causing to turn round ;
rounding.

A E/*V^ ajdmirat, Turbulent fellows,

a ijhdr (v.n. 4 of ;■»-), Compelling,
constraining ; forcing against one's will.

a <Wl ajbah, One who has a large or
prominent forehead ; a lion.

a j>Vfi».\ ijtiba' (v.n. 8 of u«-)> Choice, se-
lection ; collecting money from different
places.

a ijlird' (v.n. 8 of '}?>■), Being bold,
brave, intrepid.

a ijtirah (v.n. 8 of c^), Purchas-

ing ; acquiring.

a j\f=A ijlirar (v.n. 8 of f?), Drawing,
dragging, pulling ; ruminating, chewing
the cud, grazing.

a e\yz*S ijtizd' (v.n. 8 of *V)> Being sa-
tisfied ; to satisfy.

a ijiizdz (v.n. 8 of )*-), Reaping,
cutting, mowing ; shearing sheep.

a £W*>-< ijtimd' (v.n. 8 of As-
sembling, nocking together; agreeing to-
gether in opinion, combining, conspiring ;
assembly, concourse, congregation ; afflux,
accumulation ; conjunction ; arriving at
manhood.

a ijtinu- (v.n. 8 of ^y*-), Gather-

ing, plucking.

a ijtindb (v.n. 8 of ^-), Shun-

ning, avoiding, declining, flying, abstain-
ing from, retiring ; removing to a distance ;
self-denial, temperance, austerity, self-mor-
tificatioii.

a ijtihdd (v.n. 8 of Waging

a religious war ; striving to accomplish
anything; care, effort, study, diligence;
legal or theological decision ; office or
authority of a rnujtahid, q.v.

a jLj*^ ijtiydz (v.n. 8 of jj*-), Passing by
or along.

a >_*U*J ijhdf (y.n. 4 of i-Am-), Injuring;
oppressing, pinching (poverty or want);
annoyance, molestation.

A uuUV*^ ijhdfdt (pi. of the preceding),
Oppressions, molestations.

a |»W>-\ ijhdm (v.n. 4 of (•*=>-), Forbear-
ing, drawing back ; being near destroying.

a i±>^A^ ajddg (pi. oljadas), Tombs.

a jWI ajddd (pi. of jadd), Grandsirea,
ancestors, forefathers.

a ^j^Wl ajdddi, Ancestral.

<yWt djuddn, Aide-de-camp (m.c. from
Fr. adjutant).

ajdar, A dragon.

a ajdar, More or moat worthy.

a £*»A ajda', Mutilated (in the hand,
nose, ear, or lips).

ajada, Coloured, dyed ; stitched,

pricked.

a ajzam, Having the hand cut off.

a j+\ ajar, Hagar the mother of Ishmael;
— djir, djur, djurr (from P. jjS^ dgur, q.v.),
A brick, a tile; — ajr (v.n. of yA), Letting
out on hire ; recompense, reward, hire, pay,
price, fee; marriage- portion ; restoring (a
broken or dislocated joint or bone).

\f>-\ ijrd, Sufficiency of cloth to make a
dress (?).

a slj^l ijrd,' (v.n. 4 of ^), Giving effect
or currency ; putting in force, executing ;
issuing ; execution, performance, practice ;
— ijrd'i hudud Icardan, To punish legally,
to put in execution the penal laws ; — ijrd'i
haq (kaqq) kardan, ijrd'i shar' kardan, To
administer or to do justice, promote equity,
put the laws into execution ; — ijrd'i far-
mdni kirdigdr kardan, To obey the com-
mands of God; — ijrd'i kdr, Executing a
business.

a ajrds (pi. of jarae), Bells ; —

ijran (v.n. 4 of wfr-), Making a gentle
noise (the wing of a bird in flying, its beak
in feeding) ; noise of a hornet singing
aloud (a camel-driver).

a fAf*\ ajr dm (pi. of jinn), Bodies ; —
ajrdmi charkh, ajrdmi samd, ajrdmi falak,
The heavenly bodies ; the seven planets ;
the fired stars ; — ajrdmi 'wnsurl, Elemental
bodies; — ijram (v.n. 4 of ff>-), Committing
a crime.

a v/*-^ ajrab, Scabby, mangy.

a iyA ujrat, Eecompense, hire, rent,
wages.

J*\ji djur-tardsh, A bricklayer,

a ajrad, Bald, hairless (man) ; bare,
barren, yielding no herbage.

a -ifA ijridd, ijrid, A certain plant which
indicates the existence of mushrooms.

a ^JfA ajraddni (dual of ajrad), Two
branches of a palm-tree ; two trees stripped
of their bark; two months or two days.

a jy=s-\ ajraz, Bow-legged.

a ajras, Who fears nothing, bold,
brave.

j*1 ( 18

A ajrash, Half-pounded, coarse.

jV- */~\ ujra-ih.wdr, jj* tj+\ ujra-ihwar,
A pensioner,

,4)^ ajurl, Built of brick (m.c).

a ajm' (pi. of juz'), Parts, portions;
divisions, sections ; elements, members of
an institution or establishment (m.c.) ; in-
gredients; — ijza (v.n. 4 of <jy>-), Paying
tribute ; being able or enabling to do "with
out; compensating, requiting.

a ^yA ijzdr (v,n. 4 of >)*), Haying fruit
ready for gathering (a palm-tree) ; giving a
sheep to be slaughtered ; being fit for the
butcher (a young camel) ; growing old and
approaching the period of dissolution.

a $y+\ ijzdz (v.n. 4 of 5"0> Being fit for
reaping (wheat) ; for shearing (sheep).

a £\yt\ ijzd' (v.n. 4 of £)*), Bendering
impatient and querulous.

a J^-\ ijzdl (v.n. 4 of J}*), Exercising
liberality.

A tiyA ajzal, More or most copious or
eloquent.

a ajzam, One whose nose haB been
cut off.

a «>L-).\ ajsdd (pi. of jasad), Bodies,
trunks, carcases.

A ^—^A ajstim (pi. oijiem), Solid bodies,
material substances.

djastan, djistan, To plant a tree ;
to fix a pale or fence, erect a stone.

A yVl ajasheh, A harsh and sonorous
voice (man, horse, thunder).

a JiUi^ ijahuth (v.n. 4 of Break-
ing, pounding ; causing to do so.

a fX&*A ijskam (v.n. 4 of (***r), Causing
one to toil hard at drudgery.

a JW^ xjful (v.n. 4 of JA>), Running or
causing to run very fast (an ostrich) ; to
flee hurriedly ; to hasten ; blowing hard
and raising the dust (wind).

A ajfdn (pi, of jafn), Eye-lids.

l»-a>^ ajuft (alpha priv. and u*-a>), Single,
simple,

ji-^ djul, djal, Eructation ; flatulency.

a J-j-I ajil (v.a.), One who procrastinates,
delayB ; future, belonging to the next world ;
— ajal (v.n.), Delaying; an appointed time,
the hour of death, doom; (met.) a trouble-
some creditor, dun ; — ajal-rasida, ajal-
girifta, Overtaken by fate, on the point of
death, doomed ; — ajal-giyd, Name of a poi-
sonous root.

a y}*\ajall, Greater, more excellent, more
or most glorious.

a "W ajilan, In regard to the next life.

a e!M ijla' (v.n. 4 of }W), Going into
exile ; banishing, compelling to migrate.

a u-V! ijlds (v.n. 4 of u-M, Causing,
requesting, desiring, or ordering one to sit.

a<jV\ ajldf (pi. of jilf), Mean, ignoble;
wretches, tyrants.

a J!M ijldl (v.n. 4 of J*), Honouring,

) ^

magnifying, exalting, magnificence, glory,
honour.

A &*-\ ajillat, ajilla (pi. of jatil), Great,
illustrious ; great men ; the great, the illus-
trious.

a cM ajlah, Bald on the temples.

a ajlad, Hard (ground).

a ijliwwaz (v.n. 13 of JJ*), Travel-
ling rapidly (a camel),

a J^-l ajld, More splendid, bright, or re-
splendent.

a B&eM ijlild' (v.n. 12 of jl»), Migrating
from country to country.

a djim, Tired, loathing, disgusted,
sated (with the same food).

a j*A ajam (v.n.), Loathing, nauseating,
being tired of one sort of food ; (s.) reed-
beds, brakes ; a thicket, wood ; — ajam
kardan, To loathe ; — ujuwi, A fort, castle.

a f*A ojamm, Dodded (ram).

t (?) gWt ujmdj, Paradise.

a £Wt ijmd' (v.n. 4 of £**-), Collecting,
assembling, convoking ; consenting, agree-
ing ; a senate, council, court, crowd;
amount; whole; — ijmd'i ummat, General
assembly of the people ; unanimous con-
sent; — ijmd'i sahdbat, The unanimous
authority of the companions of Muhammad
on a point of law.

a JU*A ajmal (pi. of J** jamal), Full-
grown camels; — ijmdl (v.n. 4 of J**),
Casting up an account ; collecting, bringing
together ; doing anything well ; abstract,
abridgment, summary, compendium, syn-
opsis ; joint occupancy or possession.

a "SW^ ijmdlan, Briefly, compendiously,
summarily.

a jlW* ijmdli, Brief, summary, com-
pendious.

A fWl ijmdm (v.n. 4 of j**), Giving
rest ; approaching.

a ajma', ajma'in, All, the

whole, universal.

A ajmal, More or most beautiful,
fairest.

ajmud, ajmada (S. ajamodd),

Parsley.

yf**-\ ajmir, Name of a province of Hin-
dustan.

A djin, ajin (v.a.), Altered, corrupted,
fetid (water) ; — ajn (v.n.), Becoming fetid ;
beating cloths, fulling.

a ajndb (pi. of jamb), Sides, parts ;

— ijndb (v.n. 4 of s-*»-), Being in a state
of ceremonial uncleanness ; being exposed
to the south wind.

ajnds, Name of a champion in
Afrasiab'sarmy.

a y^Wl ajnds (pi. of jine), Kinds, sorts,
genera ; goods, wareis ; — ajnasi amwdl,
Various kinds of riches ; — ajnati la'b-bdzi,
Playthings.

^ (

A v »*^ ajnab, Foreign, a foreigner, a
stranger.

<?Wt ajivmbdn, Motionless, fixed.

A. <j***-\ ajnabiy, A foreigner, a stranger ;
— * ajnabiyat, State of a stranger or alien.

a L>+\ ajinnat (pi. of janin), Embrios.

x a*s*»-1 ajnihat (pi. of jantih), Wings ;
bands; fins.

ujand, Obsequious, obedient.

(j£*A djangdn, Name of a fort in Khura-
san.

A gj*1 ujiij (r.n, of £') , Being salt, bitter,
or brackish (water).

a J-yA ajwad, Better, best.

Cjtjy*.? djuddn, Aide-de-camp (Bee gWt).

a i}f*\ ajUrah, A reward, hire, fare,
wages.

a ajura-ddr, A labourer for hire.

a v«y^ ajura-ddri, Wages, hire ;

payment by the job or piece.

A <^ff\ ajwaf, Hollow ; a concave verb,
one whose medial radical is a weak letter.

a (jUyA ajwaf an (dual of the preceding),
(the two hollows) The belly and the
matrix.

a ijhfie (v.n. 4 of yvr), Despatching
a wounded person.

a y,M^ ijhdsh (v.n. 4 of uH*), Being
about to cry, preparing to weep; complaint.

a u*^v*^ ijhdz (v.n. 4 of u*v»-), Over-
coming, Bnatching the prey from another;
causiog to depart with haste; casting her
young (a camel).

a jvA ajkar, One that cannot bear the
glare of the Bun, daj-blind.

"j**^ ajhara, A kind of prickly shrub.

a Jv»^ ajhal, More or most ignorant.

A gt*-\ ajxj (v.n. of g\), Burning, flaming.
djidan, To stitch, to sew ; to sharpen

a file.

ajiddh, A particular kind of orna-
mental sewing, counter-point, embroidery.

a ajir, A mercenary, hired labourer,
hireling.

a ajir ana, In a mercenary manner.

a i£je+\ ajiri, Servitude, labour, hire,
ij^-l ujain, Name of a city in Hindu-
stan.

dchdr, Powdered or salted meats,
pickles, or fruits, preserved in salt, vine-
gar, honey, or syrup; particularly onions
preserved in vinegar; also the pickle or
liquor in which these meats or fruits are
preserved ; mixed, collected, assembled
together; uneven rugged ground, full of
risings and hollows; — (S. achara) Imme-
morial custom, conformity to religious in-
stitutions.

T uchdq, A frying-pan.
dchak, Earth, dust.

n uckahka (S. nd+chal + ka), A

pick-pocket.

if*) ichi, A kind of hawk ; a vizir.

19 )

it' «AA (v.n.), Coughing; repeating
often ah ah in coughing.

a oU.f dAdd (pi. of ahad), Units ; cardinal
numbers.

A *A-*oM ahddls (pi. of uhdHsat), Stories,
tales ; — (pi. of hadts) News, things which
have recently happened ; sayings or tradi-
tions of Muhammad handed down by the
Musultnan doctors ; — aAddisi aur'dti^ The
tenets of the Kur'Sn.

a 8>W ihdrat (v.n. 4 of jjb.), Answering,
replying.

a JlUA ihdlat, ihafa (v.n. 4 of S>j«-), Sur-
rounding, enclosing ; fence ; enclosed space,
enclosure, premises, precincts; understand-
ing, comprehension ; — ihd£a kardan, To
surround, to besiege.

a ihdlat (v.n. 4 of Jj«-), Transfer of
a debt ; using stratagem ; relating anything
incredible, impossible, or absurd; leaping
on horseback ; being one year old.

a s-»^ ahdbb, More or most lovely,
dearer.

A v^' ahbdb (pi. of hibb), Lovers,
friends ; — (pi. of s-*- huhb) Jars ; — ihhdb
(v.n. 4 of -£"-), Loving, liking, choosing,
preferring ; coming into grain (corn) ; re-
ceiving a hurt, and not stirring from the
place until killed or cured ; kneeling down
(a camel) ; being stubborn and refractory
(a camel) ; recovering from sickness.

a jW°^ ahbdr (pi. of hibr or habr), Learned
men ; different kinds of ink.

a isXpA ihbds (v.n. 4 of u-t*-), Dedicating
to pious uses ; keep in prison.

a ihbd? (v.n. 4 of yA,*-), Letting an

arrow fall carelessly without reaching the
mark ; exhausting a well ; excluding (any-
one) from (his) rights.

a 1»W ihbdt (v.n. 4 of W«-), Rendering
void, frustrating, marring.

a JW»A ahbdl (pi. of hahl), Ropes, cords;
— ihbdl (v.n. 4 of J*=-), Impregnating, get-
ting with child.

a ahibbat (pi. of habib), Beloved
ones, friends, lovers.

a ■J*jt*-\ uhfalsh, A mixed multitude.

a u-W*^ ihtibds (v.n. 8 of u~=*-)> Retain-
ing, keeping back ; being kept back, shut
up, imprisoned; — ihtihdsi haul, Suppression
of urine.

a dVfxA ihtibdk (v.n. 8 of «*lf>-), Drawing
the back and the legs together with a
bandage ; tying a scarf or wrapper round
the waist ; making firm.

a JW*4 ihtibal (v.n. 8 of J^), Taking
game with a net, or setting a net for game.

A jVs=.\ ihtijdr (v.n. 8 of^*»-), Construct-
ing for one's self a cell.

a ihtijaz (v.n. 8 of j<K-), Girding

one's breeches round one's waist ; going to
Hijaz.

a uW*^ ihtijdf (v.n. 8 of «-*»»), Calling

<^.\ ( 20

off one's attention, renouncing ; claiming
and taking entire possession of ; collecting,
accumulating, acquiring ; overcoming ; re-
straining, chocking.

a ihtijam (v.n. 8 of Cupping,

scarifying.

a ihtidam (v.n. 8 of p**-), Burning;

burning with rage ; being red.

a ihtizar, Being cautious of, avoid-

ing ; being wary.

a jV 50 ^ ihtvraz (v.n. 8 of jf*) t Guarding
against, being cautious ; avoiding ; abstain-
ing from, abstinence ; regimen ; forbear-
ance ; controlling the passions and appe-
tites.

a i/^y 1 ^ ihtiras (v.n. of <j*r), Guarding
one's self, watching ; stealing sheep in the
night.

ij>\f*.\ ihtirds (v.n. 8 of y^), Coveting,
greed.

a ihtiraf (v.n. 8 of Being

skilful in any art, trade, or craft.

A i}\jt<*-\ ihtirdq (v.n. 8 of J/*), Being
burnt, burning, conflagration; strong de-
sire, vehemence, ardour ; the disappearance
or immersion of a planet on account of its
nearness to the sun.

A p\f<A iktirdm (v.n. 8 of (»;=-), Honour-
ing, revering ; veneration, honour, rever-
ence, respect; — ihtirdmi nizami. Military
honours (m.c).

a ihtizdis (v.n. 8 of y*-), Cutting,

notching.

a p\y-\ ihtizdm (v.n. 8 of p)=-), Girding
one's self.

a s- , ^-~-5<>^ iktisdb (v.n. 8 of s— =-), Com-
puting, calculating ; making up accounts,
estimating ; superintendence of weights
and measures in the markets ; the police ;
forbidding disorderly conduct.

a { jt\, «Sf \ ihtisdbi (= s- — «*<» muhtasib,
q.v.), Clerk of the markets, Ac. ; the office
of such.

a ^.Lijto.^ ihtiskdsh (v.n. 8 of cr*-), Seek-
ing forage ; stacking hay.

a fUj^ ihtisham (v.n. 8 of Being
ashamed ; bashfulness ; having many de-
pendants, followers, or domestics ; pomp,
retinue, magnificence, grandeur, state.

a ihtizar (v.n. 8 of j-4=-), Coming into

one's presence ; approaching (death) ; be-
coming the inhabitant of a town, a citizen ;
running fast.

a yUso.^ iktizan (v.n. 8 of Taking in

one's arms, embracing.

A <Alhx^ ihtiza' (v.n. 8 of J?**), Being
highly honoured, and amply provided for
(as a wife by her lord) ; acquiring autho-
rity and influence.

a jlisLl ihiifaz (v.n. 8 of y^-), Sitting down
on the point of the foot and preparing to
rise; drawing one's self together in sitting;
to assemble.

a cjUx^ ihtifdn (v.n. 8 of <j^), Appro-

priating to one's self; extirpating, uproot-
ing.

a )\&zi>.\ ihtiqdr (v.n. 8 of y=»), Being de-
spised ; despising.

a yUxo.^ ihtiqOn (v.n. 8 of tH^-), Giving
or taking a clyster.

A ihtihdr (v.n. 8 of Accumu-

lating, or hoarding up grain against a
scarcity ; monopoly.

a ihtileak (v.n. 8 of «*W), Rubbing

the body against anything ; wrestling ;
contending with anyone.

a ihtildm (v.n. 8 of ^1=-), Dreaming ;

nocturnal pollution (as sign of puberty) ;
puberty.

a oW5e^ ihtimd' (v.n. 8 of To guard

one's self against, abstaining, shunning.

a yVu-s^ iMimdsfi (v.n. 8 of lA*"-), Being
fired with rage, rushing to battle (fighting
cocks).

a JUa>-\ ihtimdl (v.n. 8 of J***-), Taking
up a load ; bearing, carrying, sustaining ;
hearing patiently ; patience, endurance ;
supposition, hypothesis, probability ; un-
certainty, doubt ; imputation.

a "2SUso.\ iktimdlan, Hypothetically, pro-
bably, &c.

a jUs^ ihtimdli, Hypothetical, proble-
matical, conjectural ; presumable ; probable,
likely ; doubtful, questionable, uncertain ;
suspicious.

a ihtindk (v.n. 8 of u^), Putting

barnacles or a twitch (on a horse) ; devour-
ing every green herb (locusts) ; subduing,
overcoming ; being firm, steady, tried, and
experienced ; strength, firmness.

a o\y*eJ ihtiwd' (v.n. 8 of «^^), Compre-
hending, containing, collecting ; taking
profit, advantage, interest.

A <J>\j&*\ ilitiwdsh (v.n. 8 of Start-
ing game ; intercepting, surrounding (any-
one).

a ihtiyaj (v.n. 8 of Gf), Being in

need or want of ; necessity, want, need ;
occasion, exigence ; urgency ; — ashdbi ihti-
yaj, The necessitous, the poor; — ihtiyajdt,
Wants, necessities, things requisite.

a ihtiydz (v.n. 8 of j^), Being col-

lected ; collecting together.

A ihtiydt (v.n. 8 of Surround-

ing, encompassing; caution, care, circum-
spection, scrupulousness ; attention, heed ;
— ihtiydt ddshtan, To give cause for fear or
caution, to threaten (m.c.) ; — az injihat-ha
ihtiydt na-kuni (ma-Jcuni), Do not mind
these things (m.c).

a JW-**^ ihtiydl (v.n. 8 of Jy-), Empower-
ing one to receive a debt ; using fraud and
cunning; fraud, deceit, magical illusion,
machination.

a ahjdr (pi. of Ayr), Mares; — (pi.

of hajar) Stones.

a ihjdz (v.n. 4 of )*=-), Travelling

to or reaching Hijaz.

A fW"-* ihjam (v.n. 4 of ,**<*), To hold
back ; to retire, desist from a purpose.

a ahad, One, any one, sole, alone, se-
parated ; a unit ; an individual ; — uhud,
Name of a mountain near Madina ; — ahadd,
More or most acute, sharp, or fierce.

a «4>W1 ahdas (pi. of hadas), Youths ;
novelties; — ihdds (v.n. 4 of ^^), Pro-
ducing, inventing ; invention, novelty, in-
novation,

a (j^*^ ahddgi, Producing, bringing
into existence ; novelty, invention.

a (jW^ ahddq (pi. of hadaqat), The
pupils of the eyes ; — ihddq (v.n. 4 of
Encompassing.

a v 4 ^ akdab, Gibbous.

a SSyimA ukdusat, A parable, narrative,
story, tale.

ahadl, A kind of Indian military

corps.

a ahadiyat, Unity; singularity;

concord, alliance.

a ;Wo.) ihzar (t.b. 4 o{^), Care, caution.

a jtjj ahrdr (pi. of hurr), Free, free-
born, noble, free men ; the ingenuous, the
liberal.

a ihrdz (v.n. 4 of j^-), Obtaining a
reward ; hoarding ; — ihrdz kardan, To de-
fend.

a uAf*\ ihrtu (v.n. 4 of <j*/^), Remain-
ing in a place for a long time.

a ihrdz (v.n. 4 of ^y*-), Emaciat-
ing (as love or sickness) ; begetting bad
stock.

a ij\f~\ ihrdf (v.n. 4 of <-if-), Making
lean; being prosperous, increasing in
wealth ; great wealth.

a ihrdq (v.n. 4 of vjS}»-), Setting on
fire, burning.

a f\yA ihrdm (v.n. 4 of ff-), Being un-
lawful; making illegal, prohibiting; de-
priving of hope, disappointing; entering
the sacred precincts of Mecca, or into an in-
violable sanctuary ; donning the garb of a
pilgrim ; entering the holy month called
Muharram ; a pilgrim's cloak ; — ihrdm bag-
tan, To don the garb of a pilgrim.

a J^j p\f*\ ihrdm-band, Clad in a pilgrim's
cloak.

a Jj^-t ahm, Better, best, more or most
worthy..

ihrlz (g. harata). SafHower.

a ahzab (pi. of hizb), Troops,

bands, cohorts.

a yl)».l ahzdn (pi, of huen and hazan),
Griefs, sorrows, grievances ; — ihstan (v.n. 4
of Being or making sorrowful, vexing,
grieving.

A ihta,' (v.n. 4 of j~*")> Giving (one)
to sip.

a y*U- ihsas (v.n. 4 of <jr*>-), Feeling,
perceiving, understanding, perception.

A ihtdn (v.n. 4 of t?-^), Doing

good, conferring an obligation; benevolent

21 ) oi*J

action, benefit, favour; beneficence, cour-
tesy, kindness; — ihsani bihisht, Full and
complete beneficence.

caUL^t akndnat (pi. of the preceding),
Benefits, &c.

lii^i a*—=^ ihsdn-dida, Benefited, served,
obliged ; aopone who receives! favours.

a .u*»t~Jl ihsdn-mattd, Grateful.

a <$—*\ ahgan, More or most beautiful,
excellent, or agreeable.

a is~->~^ ahsant (ahsanta, thou hast done
well), Well done ! bravo !

U i..., » \ ahsanta, Inheritance, possession ; —
ahsanta, kardan, To possess.

«"~*-l ahsarid (a corruption of A.«t**~«-1),
Well done! bravo!

a pUs^ ahshd' (pi. of hatha'), The con-
tents of the belly, bowels, intestines; the
contents of the chest, the heart, liver,
lungs.

A y>U*.\ ihshdth (v.n. 4 of u 5 --), Foraging,
foddering, collecting fodder ; having a
dried- up foatus in the womb (a woman);
being dried up (foetus) ; withering (hand).

a p\Jv*\ ahshdm (pi. of haaham), Ser-
vants, domestics, followers, attendants, re-
tainers ; a kind of militia or armed police
(afishdm-daftar, Muster-roll of such; —
ahthdm-daftar-ddr, Keeper of that roll) ; —
ihshdtn (v.n. 4 of f>-*^), Provoking, annoy-
ing ; making ashamed.

a ,jo&.\ ahass, Unfortunate, unlucky ; thin
of hair. i
a ihsa' (v.n. 4 of <j«»-), Numbering,
reckoning, computing ; comprehending,
knowing; describing.

a ihsclr (v.n. 4 of /•**), Restraining,
prohibiting, hindering, preventing; keeping
one back from the pilgrimage (disease) ;
remaining behind.

a ueUa!\ ihsds (v.n. 4 of u**-), Giving any-
one his share.

a oUl ihsdf (v.n. 4 of «-A"*), Conduct-
ing (business) in a steady and judicious
manner ; twisting (a rope) tight ; running
with short steps.

a 0 Ue-i ihsdn (v.n. 4 of Taking a

wife; being married, having a husband;
being chaste and virtuous ; continence,
chastity; being pregnant; fortifying, de-
fending ; restraining ; besieging.

a jUo.t ihzar (v.n. 4 of y**-). Causing to
be present, making appear, bringing, sum-
moning, citing, calling before, causing or
ordering to bring or be brought into one's
presence ; running (a horse).

a ahzdn (pi. of hizn), Sides, parts,

bosoms.

a W ahatt, Smooth on either side of the
back.

a <AA».\ ihfa (v.n. 4 of o*=;), Causing to
go unshod ; shaving or trimming one's
whiskers; being very inquisitive and dis-
agreeably importunate.

oU ( 22

A ahfdd (pi. of hafid), Friends, com-
panions; families, grandchildren, sons-in-
law, relations.

A O"^ ahaqq, Move or most •worthy, de-
serving; a horse that places his hind-foot
in the footstep of the fore-foot (which is
considered a blemish).

A sj^-I ahq&b (pi. of s-^t- huqub), Periods
of eighty years, ages.

A i^itA ahqad (pi. of hiqd), Hatreds,
animosities ; — ihqdd (v.n. 4 of .»&>■), Stirring
up hatred.

A •JVto.l ahqaf (pi. of <JU» hiqf), Hills of
sand extending a great way ; name of a
large district in Arabia formerly inhabited
by the people of 'Ad.

A ihqaq (v.n. 4 of (J"). Proving or
establishing the truth of a doctrine ; know-
ing for certain ; rendering necessary ; re-
storing to rights ; — ihqdqi haqq kardan, To
administer justice.

Ajfc-^ ahqar, More or most vile or con-
temptible (used in self-depreciation fori or
me).

A f\£*-\ ahkdm (pi. of hulcm), Orders,
commands ; decrees, injunctions, ordi-
nances, statutes ; judicial decisions ; a
summons or injunction; letters patent; —
ihlcdm (v.n. 4 of Doing (anything)

well, firmly, and effectually ; restraining
from mischief.

a ahkdmat, pi. of and — f\£f-\

ahkdm, q.v.

aMb.} ihJcdm-kar, Whose occupation is
fortifying.

a 4*1* f\&-\ ahJcdm-ndma, Written orders,
authority in writing.

a ahkdmi, One who is ordered by

the ruling powers, one appointed by autho-
rity.

A p£>-\ ahkam, Stronger, strongest ; very
firm ; more, most, or very stable ; most
able to decide.

A o!M ihld' (v.n. 4 of Sweetening.

a <J$*-\ ahldf (pi. of hilf), Confederates,
companions swearing mutual fidelity ;
treaties, compacts ; — ihldf (v.n. 4 of «-*!».)>
Taking or administering an oath.

a JV\ ihlal (v.n. 4 of J=>), Causing one
to alight and sojourn (in a place) ; having
passed the sacred months ; doffing the
pilgrim's garb ; deserving punishment ;
having milk in the udder previous to yean-
ing (a sheep).

a fX-\ ahldm (pi. of hilm), Intellects ;
meeknesses ; — (pi. of hulm) Dreams.

n-W ihlabdiya, i^i^ w-M ihlab
diyd'i rami, A kind of spurge.

a JjW ahld, More or most sweet, sweeter.

a JeW ihlil, The orifice of the teat or
penis.

A jU»A ihmdd (v.n. 4 of •*♦«■), Receiving,
or deserving to Teceive praise; being

) ^-1

praiseworthy ; approving of anyone's
opinions without divulging them.

A J^**^ ahmdl (pi. of bird), Burdens,
loads ; — ihmal (v.n. 4 of J-**-), Assisting in
taking up a load.

A f^*-^ ihmdm (v;n. 4 of (*-), Throwing
into a fever ; being feverish and love-sick ;
being hot ; warming water ; washing with
hot and cold water ; keeping in anxious
suspense ; blackening ; approaching, be-
coming present.

a ahmad, More or most laudable ;
one of the names of Muhammad ; — ahrnad-
dbdd (city of Ahmad), The capital of Gu-
zerat; — ahmadi hasan, Name of Mahmud
Sabaktagin's vizier ; — ahmadi tamehi, Name
of a hero ; — ahmadi sahl, Name of a prince
in the reign of Mahmud.

*Ja**A ahmadak (little Ahmad), A hand-
some youth who has become pock-marked.

H^»**o-\ ahmad-nagar (city of Ahmad),
Name of a city of the Dakhan, where
Aurangzlb died.

A (,$**«>-1 ahmadiy, ahmadi, Belonging to
Ahmad ; a Muhammadan ; name of a gold
coin.

a ahmar. Bed ; barbarous (not
Arabian) ; — mauti ahmar, A violent death.

a jV*"^ ihmirdr (v.n, 9 of /**■), Being red ;
redness.

a akmat, Hard (place) ; bold,

strong, unwavering.

a J***-\ ahmaz, Bitter of taste.

a ahmaq, Foolish, stupid, awkward ;
a greater or the greatest fool.

a M^UtA ahmaqdnah, Foolishly, like a fool.

a, fJ>+>*-\ akma,ql, Polly, aWpidity.

a ihan (pi. of ihnat), Hatreds, angers.

A ahna' (pi. of hinw), Sides.

ahndsh (pi. of hanaeh), Rep-
tiles, serpents, vipers; birds or animals
which are hunted.

a ihnat (v.n. of Bearing ex-

treme hatred, holding in utter aversion;
hatred, anger.

a ahnaf, Bow-legged; name of a

great Tdbi'.

A j^y-l ihwdj (v.n. 4 of cj°-)» Making to
want, necessitating, constraining.

a J\jJ ahwdl (pi. of hdl), States, condi-
tions, situations, affairs, accidents, circum-
stances, accounts, relations, events (either
post or present) ; changes, vicissitudes ; —
ahwdli jangi, Military affairs j — ahwdli
khair-ma'dl, Prosperity, good, circum-
stances ; — ahwdli ahuma chih taw ant, How
are you ? (m.c.) ; — ahwdlam baham Mwurd,
I became quite unwell, i.e. sea-sick (m.c.) ;
— ahwdli lease (hast) giriftan, To inquire after
one's health and to attend on bim in sick-
ness.

uw2)lj»-t ahwdldt (pi. of the preceding),
State of health or affairs ; — ahwdldti Mi-tibi,
A nice state of affairs (m.c.)j — ahwdldt

( 28

pureidan, To inquire after one's health
(m.c.).

a. ij'fi JV*' aAwai-prtr«l, Inquiry after
state, health, or affairs.

a ey±\ ahwaj, More or most needed or
necessitous.

a jys-l ahwar, One who has beautiful eyes
(whose black and white are equally intense) ;
the planet Jupiter.

a ^f-\ ahwas, One who has the outer
angle of the eye very acute.

a tja-t ahwat, Most comprehensive.

a J)»-l ahwal, Squinting, squint-eyed
(man) ; crafty, sly ; more or most crafty.

A ^\ ahwd, Black, dusky (in the lips) ;
black inclined to green.

a »^ ahytl' (pi. of hayy), The living ;
tribes, families ; — ihyd' (v.n. 4 of ^-),
Recalling to life, reviving, animating ; vivi-
fication ; resuscitating, restoring the dead
to life.

a ahydn (pi. of kin), Times, ages.

a ahydnan (adverbial acc. of the

preceding), Sometimes, from time to time,
now and then, ever and anon j in the event,
in case.

$ aM, "Vestige ; sign ; — akh, Ah ! bravo!
courage ! well done ! — akh u okh numudan,
To complain ; to put on airs, to be affected
(m.c.).

a fc\ akh, A brother, friend, or compa-
nion.

a $ akjikji, Fye ! ah ! alas ! — akkkh or
i khkh , Dirt, filth.

a ^ akhd (pi. of akh), Brothers ; — ikhd',
To fraternise, establish a bond of brother-
hood between one another.

£l akJi akh, Good ! good ! ah ! alas !
— uM ukh, Excellent !

a <JW ikhdz, Stagnant water ; a pool,
ditch, or place where water stagnates ; land
taken possession of.

jW| akhar, Anything thrown away for its
insignificance.

3^1 akh&z, Things of small value.

a itW! ikJkdzat (v.n. 4 of <J>f>~), Making
one ford (a river).

akhal, Any kind of rubbish (as
husks, fruit-parings, wood- shavings) ; name
of a city.

g^iU.^ dkidnldan (caus. of &k£tan and
dkhldan), To make come forth ; to cause
to draw (a sword).

a ikhbat (v.n. 4 of u^**-), Abasing
oneself ; enjoying quiet and peace.

a akhbar (pi. of kjiabar), Histories,
tales, annals, gazettes, news, relations, ad-
vices, chronicles, traditions ; a newspaper ;
— akJibdri durar-bdr, Precious advices,
happy news, agreeable intelligence; — akh-
bari wahehat-maddr, Dreadful news, unfor-
tunate advices; — ■ikhbd.r (v.n. 4 of j***),
Advising, informing, relating, certifying,
giving intelligence, telling.

a akJibdr nawU, A news- writer,

correspondent (of a paper), editor.

a <±>**-\ akhbas, More or most impure,
noxious, or unwholesome ; — akjibasan (the
two impurities), Excrement and urine.

yj**^ ajchbun, Snake's head (a plant, see

ay**)-

a £e*a-\ a&kbiyat (pi. of k]$>&'), Tents,
tabernacles.

(~^\ akApakh, Understanding, wisdom,
intelligence.

a ukht, A sister.

t e^J&O akM&j, A feudatory vassal to an-
other sovereign.

t akMdji, An equerry, groom

(m.c.).

a f^£-\ aUMan (pi- of t* 5 * khatan), Sons-
in-law.

AjWwA ikhtibdr (v.n 8. of >♦*-), Trying,
proving ; experience, skill, conversancy.

A jW*M ikkUbdz (v.n. 8 of y«*-), Baking
bread.

a tUjs-\ ikhtibdt (v.n. 8 of t»^-), Impor-
tunately asking a favour without claim or
previous acquaintance ; begging at night
time.

A J ikAiibdl (v.n. 8 of J**-), Depriving
anyone of his reason, or of the use of his
limbs.

A f^aiA ikhtitdm (v.n. 8 of ,***-), Finish-
ing, completing ; end, conclusion, fulfilment.

A o^JuaA ikhtitdn (v.n. 8 of y**-), Circum-
cising.

t ,j<»»**^ aJd.ta.ji, An equerry, groom
(m.c).

akhtajiyat, akhtajiya (pi. of the
preceding), Equerries, grooms.

a ik£tidd' (v.n. 8 of £•»*■), Deceiv-

ing, cheating, circumventing, insidiously
inj uring ; being deceived, &c.

jsa.\ akM^t a star ; horoscope, predomi-
nant star at anyone's nativity ; an omen,
augury ; an ensign, standard ; name of an
angel ; name of a lunar station ; — akhtari
panjum, The fifth constellation, i.e. the
planet Mars ; — akhtari ddnish, The planets
of wisdom, i.e. Jupiter and Mercury ; —
akhtari dumhdla-ddr, A comet j — akhfari
sar sains, A happy constellation ; — a&htar
shumurdan, To count the stars, i.e. to keep
awake ; — akjitari kdwiydn (Jedvidn), The
standard of Kav or of Faridun ; — akMardni
tab-zada, Stars appearing in the water.

a ikJttirash (v.n. 8 of <_A>;*-),

Scratching.

a \>\f*-\ ik£tirdt (v.n. 8 of *•/-), Unsheath-
ing (a sword).

a ihMira' (v.n. 8 of tf-), Cleaving;
commencing ; inventing, producing some-
thing new, contriving ; invention, con-
trivance ; making up a false story.

a ikMirdq (v.n. 8 of j/s-), Blowing

with violence (as the wind) ; making up a
false story ; to be torn.

u^l ( 24 ) JaI

a ihktiram (v.n. 8 of ff-), Tearing ;
destroying, extirpating ; cutting off, carry-
ing off.

il^-ya-l akhtar-npdh, A sovereign whose
army is numerous as the stars.

fc jU-jst\ akhtaristdn. Name of a treatise
on astronomy.

aihtarshumar, alchtar-
ehwnur, y*^* f*~\ akhtar-shinas, An astro-
nomer.

a jv*^> akh tar-zamir. Of an enlightened
mind ; oi a bright inteUect.

t^jf jZa-\ akhiar-girdy. Who examines the
stars, investigates their course, astrologer.
akhto-' -go (gu), An astrologer, augur.
akldari, A diviner, soothsayer.

a &?*\ ikhtizd' (v.n. 8 of Tearing
away, alienating (one) from his kindred.

a J^y^ ikhtiztil (v.n. 8 of J)*-), Tearing
away, alienating from kindred ; being
alone.

a fcjfy^ ik&tizan (v.n. 8 of Hoard-
ing.

a ikhtishd' (v.n. 8 of Being

humble ; humbling one's self.

A bUsjsA ikMi?d' (v.n. 8 of (j**), Castrat-
ing.

A jUm-I ikMistw (v.n. 8 of /a 5 -), Abridg-
ing, abbreviating, contracting ; abridge-
ment, epitome, summary, abstract, compen-
dium ; brevity, conciseness ; — bi 'l-ikhiisdr.
In short, briefly ; — ikMisar Itardan, To cut
short (a story), to sum up briefly.

A ikhtisds (v.n. 8 of ija*-), Dis-

tinguishing ; peculiarity, speciality ; appro-
priation.

a ikhtisdm (v.n. 8 of Disput-

ing, litigating, being at variance ; enmity,
altercation, dispute.

a £U«.\ ikhtizd' (v.n. 8 of Hum-
bling one's self.

A «_iU»*U ikhtitfif (v.n. 8 of Seizing,
carrying off by force, catching, snatching
rapidlv.

A ikhtifd' (v.n. 8 of ^J*-), Hiding,

covering, concealment).

& aii. tufii, Hawking and spitting.

a ikhtiluj (v.n. 8 of ^-)> Dragging
away ; being weaned ; beating, throbbing
(the eye or limbs),

A ikhtildt (v.n. 8 of Us.), Being

mixed, mixture, amalgamation ; confusion,
perplexity, insanity ; intercourse, conversa-
tion, commerce, association, friendship; —
ikhtildti chusp (chaspdn, garish), A very
close or coherent mixture.

A ijchiild' (v.n. 8 of git), Sueing

for, and taking a divorce.

a u&*\ ikhtildf (v.n. 8 of ^s-), Dis-
agreeing, differing ; variance, discord, dis-
sension ; opposition, contradiction, contra-
riety ; incompatibility, incongruity ; — -ikh-
tildji ard, Diversity of opinions ; dissidences

; (m.c.) ; — ikJitildf kardan, To contradict ; to
disagree.

a cwU)Xxt\ ikhtildfdt (pi. of the preceding),
Dissensions.

A jSUiU ikhtilaq (v.n. 8 of ij**-), Invent-
ing a lie; adopting foreign habits; being
fragrant. „

A Jis^ (v.n. 8 of J^), Being lean, ema-
ciated; standing in need.; sewing, stitch-
ing ; — ikhtildli hdl, A state of confusion ;
disorder, tumult ; — ifehtildli mixdj, An alte-
ration of health or constitution (for the
worse), illness, indisposition.

t>*M dkMan, akhtan, To draw out, un-
sheath (a sword) ; to castrate, geld ; to
hang, suspend ; to lead, bring ; to go
forth ; to overtake, reach ; to play ; to ac-
custom ; to weave, knit ; to fear.

a jUsi^ ikhtintiq (v.n. 8 of «3**-), Being
strangled, choked, throttled; strangula-
tion.

dkjita, akhto, Drawn ; castrated ; a
gelding; exhilarating.

t ^j^s* &*>J\ akkta-begi, Grand equerry,
master of the horse.

iili LzsA akhta-khdna, A stable.

a ikMiydr (v.n. 8 of Choosing,
preferring, selecting, picking out ; election,
choice ; option, will, pleasure; control, power,
authority ; privilege ; liberty ; rule, sway ;
office ; a man in years ; — ikjdiydri dmad u
raft, flight of way ; — ikhiiydr ddahtan, To
have the choice, to beat liberty; — iisMiydr
kardan, To make choice, choose, will.

a i^i^ai^ ijchtiy&r-ndma, Credentials (of
an ambassador).

a tsjW^ ikhtiydri, Choice, approbation ;
in one's own power or disposal; optional;
voluntary.

a iiX^} ikhtiydrtya, Old men.

a ikhtiydl (v.n. 8 of J**-), Strut-

ting, walking with dignity; pride, pomp.

a fc>W*s-t ikhtiydn (v.n. 8 of tyi), Betray-
ing ; deceit, perfidy.

&i— akhjatta, The threshold of a door
— t)S^ (ffghaw&n, q.v.

t 4^s^ ajchcha, Gold, silver ; a die for
coining ; a copper seal.

a gW^ ikhdd 1 (v.n. 4 of Conceal-
ing ; laying by, hoarding.

a p\±s-\ ikhddm (v.n, 4 of ,••**-), Giving a
servant ; taking one into service.

a akhddn (pi. of khidn), Friends ;

lovers ; beloved objects.

jj<s-\ akhdar, A brother's or a sister's
child.

a £J«s.\ akAda', More or most fallacious,
crafty, artful, wily, cunning.

a .yus^ ukhdud, An oblong fissure in the
ground, a furrow.

a akjig (v.n.), Taking, seizing, appre-
hending, procuring ; intercepting ; seizure,
exaction ; — akjizi intiqum, Taking ven-

j*J ( 25

geance ; afchz « jarr, Talring and seizing ;
fraudulent dealing ;~akhz kardan, To take,
receive ; to examine.

f±\ dk&wr, A bason, bathing-tub ; —
akjiur, A stall for horses ; the collar-bone
(see jitf ajthwur) ; name of a city in Dah-
iBtan; — dk^uri charb (a fat stall), Plenty,
abundance ; — dkhuri sangin (an empty, or
rather, stony cratch), An unprofitable situa-
tion.

a /-I dkkar, Another, different, second ;
— samti dkhar. Another way, otherwise ; —
thakli dkhar shudan, To be altered ; — dkhir.
Last, posterior, ultimate, final ; the end,
issue, extremity; finally, at last, afterwards ;
yes, surely, forsooth, but, yet, lest ; — dkhiru
'l-amr, At length, finally ; — dkhiri zamiin,
The end of time, the last day ; — dkhiri
shah, The latter part of the night ; — dkhir
shudan, To be finished ; — akMri kdr, A ca-
tastrophe ; at length ;— dkhir kardan, To
finish.

A ihhrdj (v.n. 4 of s/.), Producing,
drawing forth, bringing out ; expulsion,
ejection, eviction ; exclusion ; extraction,
derivation ; expenditure, expenses, disburse-
ment;— ikjtrdj shudan, To be banished; —
ik&rdj kardan, To expel, banish ; to bring
out.

a uuMj*^ ikhrdjdt (pi. of the preceding),
Expenses ; tribute ; revenue.

a ikArdt (v.n. 4 of Making

dumb.

a ikArdc[ (v.n. 4 of jfS-), Astonishing,
confounding, discouraging, deterring.

a y*» fX, akhvr-bin, Far-sighted ; prudent.

a Sji-I dkJiirat, The invisible world ; adv.
In the end, at last.

«~ akhir-datt, The occupant of the
lower seat ; the last throw of the dice ; the
end of an affair ; a shoemaker.

a akhrae, Dumb; having no echo

(mountain) ; thick (milk).

dMiur-Bdldr, Master of the horse.

a J"y^ dkhirash, At last, finally, after
all.

a Jf*\ ajc&raq, Dull, unskilful ; with torn
clothes.

^/■^ dkhurak, A small stable; collar-
bone.

a akhram, Pierced in the ear, nose,
&o.

0°/ Ar 4 ^ akh-ru kardan, To make a
grimace (from pain) ; to exclaim akh 1
(m.c).

akhroth. A clamour, noise.
h ^)f-\ akhrui, A walnut.
A iS)}*^ ukhramy, Relating to the other
world.

A dkhiri, LaBt, ultimate ; of or be-
longing to the end; latter; — dkhiri chahdr
shambah, The last Wednesday of the month
§afar, observed as a great festival by the
Muhamtnadans of India.

)

dlchriyan, akhriydn, Household
furniture, goods and chattels, wearing ap-
parel ; wardrobe ; — djchiriydn. The moderns.

t akhriydn. An ignorant, stupid

oaf.

A yi/A dkhirvn, Last, latest comers ; pos-
terity ; — dkhirin harf, Decree of fate ; ter-
mination of an affair ; — dkhirin dam, The
last breath.

A akhm' (v.n. 4 of <j!f-), Exposing
to shame or infamy.

a akhzam, A male serpent ; name of
the grandfather of Hatitn Taiy.

a <j~*-\ akkass, More or most base, avari-
cious.

A jVwt\ iJchsdr (v.n. 4 of Diminish-
ing ; causing or suffering loss ; damage, loss.

a ikhsds (v.n. 4 of u-*), Making

or discovering one to be vile and contemp-
tible.

a*-*^ dk£asta, The lower lintel, thres-
hold.

dkhsuma, dUhsama,, akJisuma, akh-
samah), A liquor made from barley, rice, or
millet.

,j— akhsi, Name of a town in Transox-
ania.

„* \ akhsisak. a.! akhsikat, Other
formB of the preceding name.

dkhsh. Name of a certain Persian
Mubid; — akhash, akltsh, Price, worth, value;
— dkJiash dddan, To give a price.

<s*aa^ dkhshuma, Barley or rice-water.

3^*4 dkhshanj, Adverse, contrary.

«jjus«t\ akhshanda, A child's rattle.

gj- fc *^ dkhshej, akhshej, Opposite, con-
trary ; any of the four elements.

CjV^&jiA dkhshejdn, akhshejdn (pi. of the
previous), The (four) opposites, i.e. the
elements.

(jU-x^^Ad.^ akhshejiatdn, What is beneath
the sphere of the moon, the place of the
elements.

«£X*a<s^ dkhshek, akhshek, Opposite, con-
trary.

<±£*&£.l dkhsheg. akjtsheg, Opposite, con-
trary.

dkhshegdn, The elements.

a yeA-l akhas, More or most peculiar,
special, particular; more or most excellent.

a JUM ikhzal (v.n. 4 of J* 1 -), Moisten-
ing.

a ft±-\ akhzar, Green ; dusky brown ;
black.

a jij^ ikhzirdr (v.n. 9 of y*-), Being
green.

a akhza 1 , Humble, submissive, con-
tented in a lowly station.

A »U*A ikhta (v.n. 4 of 'J^), Erring,
sinning involuntarily, committing a blunder,
making a mistake ; imputing siu.

a akht.dr (pi. of khatar). Calamities,
dangers, risks ; — ikhtdr (v.n. 4 of ^-), Ex-
posing to danger; risk one's life.

( 26 )

a s-W akktab, One who repeats best the
prayer called khvfjbah ; a colocyoth marked
with green stripes.

a JM a kht al, Flap-eared ; nick-name of
several poets.

a bUm ikjifa' (v.n. 4 of <j**-), Concealing,
hiding, rendering invisible.

A <-i^\ akJkfdf (pi. of kkuf). Boots; the
hoofs of a camel ; — ikkfdf (v.n. 4 of «-A4-),
Loadinglightly ; being ineasy circumstances.

A (j*«4U akhfash, One who has small
weak eyes, seeing better at night than in
the day time ; name of three grammarians.

akhleaJcand, <wl£*.l akjhkaland, or
,aiK*\ akhkalandu, A child's rattle.

J^il akkkul, Long-headed ; chaff.

iidCU akhkalanda, A curry-comb.

atttkam, Bim of a drum or sieve ; a

fillet.

j4&*\ akhkamar, The crupper of a horse.
akkkandii, A child's rattle.
akhMba, A button-hole, a loop.
a^j&s-) akhkucha, A button ; an unripe
date.

j}Sjt.\ akhkur, A wild pear ; unripe, sour
fruit ; a button-hole.

akhkiixa, akhkuxha, A button ;
a weaver's loom ; unripe date.
ii^yii~\ akhkvzhna, A button.
jS-y£<s-\ akAkush, Unripe fruit.
otlyCM akhhuk, An UDripe apricot.
iJ^S^ akkkiikash, Unripe fruit.

akjihun, &j£j*\ akAkuna, A button-
hole ; a button.

akhgdr. A fire-brand, burning coal ;

ashes.

akhgar, Charcoal ; a live coal ; — ak]i-
gari tafta, Live embers; — akkgari k-ushta,
Extinguished charcoal.

yU-jX*.! akhgaristdn, A hearth , a fire-place.

J&ti akjigul, A beard of corn, a pile of
barley.

a <&±\ ikhld' (v.n. 4 of jk-), Vacating,
emptying.

a jW ikMdd (v.n. 4 of Leaning,
inclining ; clinging to, continuing ; render-
ing eternal.

a yeSW ikhlds (v.n. 4 of o^), Purifying,
rendering sincere; purity, sincerity, can-
dour; affection, pure friendship, sincere
attachment ; loyalty, fidelity ; intimacy ;
show or pretence of friendship.

a ikJildsmcmd, Sincere, friendly.

a ^«*<W ikhld&mandl, Sincerity, friend-
liness, affection.

a akhlat (pi. of khilt), Mixtures,
miscellanies ; ingredients ; sweet - scented
drugs, perfumes ; the four humours of the
human body, viz. blood, phlegm, yellow bile
(choler), and black bile (melancholy) ; —
akhldti arba'ah, Idem ; — akhldti radiyah,
Corrupted humours ; — ikjddt (.v.n. 4 of U^),
Mixing.

A jW akAldq (pi. of khalaq), Worn-out
clothes ; — (pi. of kJtulq, i£ulu<fi Natures,
dispositions, habits, manners ; virtues, good
qualities; morals, ethics; — ak£ldqi jaldli,
akhldqi muhsinl, Names of two celebrated
books on ethics; — ikAldq (v.n. 4 of <J^),
Wearing out, or being worn out (a gar-
ment) ; making one wear old clothes.

A JS*t ikMdl (v.n. 4 of J*-), Causing to
want; necessitating, constraining; being in
want, need.

a akhlaq, More or most apt, fit,
proper ; smooth, even.

jAiXW akJklakandu, A child's rattle.

#W akMur, The fruit of the carob-tree.

a ikhmad (v.n. 4 of Extin-
guishing a fire.

a JU«t.\ ik&mdl (v.n. 4 of ^**-), Render-
ing obscure or mean.

dkhmusa, akjimma, Barley, millet,
or rice-water.

a ya*i-\ akfymas, Slender- waisted ; the
hollow part of the sole of the foot.

akhma, A wrinkle on the face or
forehead ; a frown.

A*tt affltma-ru, Wrinkled, frowning,
cross-looking ; (met.) paper which is lined
or written upon.

a y»UU ikjinas (v.n. 4 of Keeping
back, hindering ; hiding behind anything.

t}&M.\ ak£angai, A sword.

tji^A akhnukh. ukAnukh, Enoch ; Noah.

a d>\j^ akhawat (pi. of ukht), Sisters.

^yu^y-l akkwdtti, Unwillingness.

a Jt/»-l ak&wdl (pi. of kAdl), Maternal
uncles.

a cj^I ikJiwdn, ukiwdn (pi. of akA),
Brethren, friends, companions ; — i&Awdnu
'z-zamdn, Cotemporaries j people of the
same religion.

akAwand, Tutor, maater, preacher.

15.^4) akhwdndl, Office of a tutor,
master, preacher (see ,

a iy&-\ ikhwat (pi. of akA), Brothers; —
ukAuwat (v.n. of Fraternity.

>-AS) akh via tuf, Spitting (see ys fcty.

jfA aMwiw, dkhwar, A stable, stall ;
litter or straw laid under cattle ; the collar-
bone ; dkhyiuri charb, Plenty of victuals ; a
pleasurable life ; — uk£\t>uri kAuthk (tangin),
An empty cratch ; a place devoid of any-
thing useful i—amir(i) dk]i\pur, The Master
of the horse.

_>8l-_y*\ dkkpur-sdldr, Master of the
horse.

djfJ dkhymrak, A small stable ; the
collar-bone.

t$fJ\ dkhiin. akhwund, A theologian,
preacher ; orator ; a tutor.

^^>f-\ akhwundi, The office of a preacher
or tutor.

a ijys-\ akhawiy, Brotherly, sisterly.

^1 ( 27

o*^ a&fri, A good work ; manly, gene-
rous.

A flijl, My brother.

A akhydr (pi. of kjiaiyir), Good,
religious men ; — guzida'i ai&ydr, Chosen
from the best ; most excellent.

a ahhy&f, Different kinds of men ;
brothers by the Bame mother, but different
fathers,

a akJiydfi, By the same mother,

but a different father.

t akted, Boyal title, given by Kha-
lifah Muqtadi bi-llah to an Amir.

dktedan, To arrive, reach, over-
take.

A i*A aiftiz, Taken ; a captive.
diMr, for yt^ ahhiit, q.v,

a jc*-\ aJehyar. Better, best ; — atfeir, Pos-
terior, last affair zamdnah, akter waqt,
The last time, period, age •, the last mo-
ment, the moment of death.

a i^U akhiran, At length, in fine.

a <j*)jt^ akhiros. a-jj* 4 -! akMromh, Wild
wheat.

0Atj**A ak&iridan, To draw a sword.

jtt-l dkhiz, Cement, plaster of a wall.

fy^S dfsMzgar, A plasterer.

A— e*^ dk&Tsa, akhlsa, A ram leading the
flock; a march-stone, a landmark; defec-
tive, imperfect.

A <-AeA.\ akhyaf, Who has one eye black,
the other blue (man or horse).

A J«*-l akAyal, One who has many moles
(on the face) ; a spotted bird,

u»y*i.\ akhinos (G. Ipwos) , Wild wheat.

0)t *.\ akhyun (G. ?x tov )» Snake's head (a
plant).

■M^ dkJiya, A ram, the leader of the
flock ; praise ; spittle ; limit, boundary,
hedge, inclosure.

a d add, idd, Misfortune, sorrow ; any
great and momentous business ; a marvel-
lous thing ; a profane or unlawful action ;
power, strength, vigour, victory.

\*\ add, Grace, beauty, elegance ; blan-
dishment, graceful manner, coquetry ; elo-
quence, voice, pronunciation, expression,
BODg, music, odes; — haean-ada, Just pro-
nunciation or expression ; — khwush-add.
n&zik-ada,, Melodious ■, — tanjida-ada, Well-
weighed, judicious ; — add kardan, To pro-
nounce, express, sing, warble.

a A<A add', Payment, satisfaction, per-
formance, fulfilment, accomplishment; ac-
quittance; ada'i dam kardan, To make
payment of debtB ; — ■add'i safar kardan, To
perform military duty, to make a cam-
paign, to discharge that vassalage which a
military tenant owes to his lord; — add'i
ghahddat kardan, To give evidence, to
depose; — add kardan, To pay, discharge,
execute ; to assist ; to prepare for a jour-
ney ; to lie in wait.

a M«rt idd'at (v.n. 4 of *V), Falling sick;

) bl

afflicting with sickness ; suspecting, doubt-
ing.

a s-"^T dddb (pi. of adab), Civilities,
good manners, devoirs, ceremonies, polite-
ness ; forms of address in writing and
speaking, salutations, respects ; title of
many books ; — dddbifuzald fi lugkdt, Name
of a Persian Dictionary, explained in Ara-
bic and Hindi, by Kazi Mahmud Dahlawi,
a native of Delhi, who died a.d. 1420 ;—
dddbi sunnat, The minor duties of life.

ddab-gd, The place of obeisance in
the palace of a chief.

add-band, A describer of blandish-
ments.

^.ujM add-bandl, Description of bland-
ishments ; the fixing a period for the per-
formance of a contract, or payment of
instalments.

a dddbhd (P. pi. of the Ar. pi.

dddb), Good manners, refinement, <fcc. (see
vW).

A addt, An instrument, tool, utensil,
apparatus ; whatever is necessary in the
forming or completing of anything ; (in
gram.) a particle, as, addtu 't-ta'rif, The de-
finite article (J) al) ; — addtijam', A particle
added to form the plural from the singular
number ; — addtifd'il, A particle supplemen-
tary to nouns or participles in forming names
of agents, similar to -er in English, as kdrgar,
A labourer, from kdr, Labour ; — addti nis-
bat, A particle of relation or possession,
which, when added to a substantive, im-
plies the being endowed with any quality,
as dmumand, Desirous, from arzu, Desire.
adddd, A species of mezereum.

a *a»\j\>i\ iddrdt (pi. of the preceding),
Turns, &c. ; — id&rdti daulati, Governmental
administrations (m.c).

a <_s*\)M addrdqi, A kind of Indian
medicine, of an acrid and poisonous
quality, dog'g-bane.

A SjW iddrat, iddra (v.n. 4 of jjJ), Turn-
ing round, going in a circle ; causing to re-
volve ; — iddra'i jdmi himam, A handing
round of the deadly cup.

addrin (in Zand and Pazand),
Hideous ; wicked, bad.

t yjAA dddsh, Of the same name as
another.

fwi* M add-fahm, Understanding by signs,
Bkilled in the arts of blandishment.

(^♦v* M add-fahtni, Skill in the arts of
blandishment, understanding of signs and
gestures, coquetry.

a iddqat (v.n. 4 of tjj«»), Surround-
ing, enclosing.

t*!^ dddk, addk, An island ; a ford.
addm, The celestial globe.

a dddm (pi.), iddm (sing.), Whatever
is eaten with bread.

a ttt\ f\>i\ addma 'lldh, May God prolong
(a man's life, etc.).

1j1 (

A *»«"\«>\ iddrnat (v.n. 4 of («}>»), Per-
petuating.

a &Ut iddnai (v.n. 4 of Lending,
giving credit to a fixed period ; buying or
selling on credit ; compensating.

v>yM addnosh, Name of a messenger
whose eyes were torn out by 'Azra.

A ,j>M adani (pi. of adna), Nearer,
nearest ; the lowest, vilest, most ignoble or
contemptible.

a <*>y>>\ adawtit (pi. of addt), Instru-
ments, implements, utensils.

a l}\>>\ iddviat (pi. of adawa), A ewer
or vessel, from which the Muhammadans
pour water, for washing the hands, &c.

a ^r"i\ adab (v.n.), Being courteous,
polite, well-bred ; making a feast ; cour-
tesy, politeness, urbanity, good-breeding,
respect, reverence ; propriety of conduct ;
discipline, chastisement; learning, morality,
sound doctrine; the science of polite
learning ; — adab dddan, To correct, civilize,
teach; to chastise, correct; — adab kardan,
To behave modestly, properly, or honestly.

a *W udaba' (pi. of adlb), Polite, learned,
high-bred men.

a ;W adbar (pi. of dubr), The hinder or
latter parts of anything, of the back, neck,
Ac. ; — idbdr (v.n. 4 of y>»), Turning back,
going back, committing sodomy ; falling off
from allegiance, defection, disloyalty; re-
verse of fortune, ill-luck, adversity ; cala-
mity, defeat.

a i-i-j-f s-> J l adab-amokhta,)^ adab-
dmoz, A master, teacher ; a pupil, learner ;
exalted, illustrious ;- — adah-dmoss kardan, To
exalt to high rank; to render illustrious.

a adabana, With reverence, with re-
spect ; civilly, politely, courteously ; wisely,
learnedly.

Sj^ v»>^ adab-dwdmh, Loud, clear-voiced;
—adab-awdxah kardan, To exalt to high
rank, to render illustrious.

a iJy^ adab-parwarda, An instructor,
master, tutor ; a student, pupil.

adab-khdna, A water-closet ; a

school.

a q\a~iS\ adabistdn (shortened dabietdn),
A school ; a seat of learning.

a jj*- adab-sanj, A master, tutor ; a
disciple, pupil.

a sj«^ adab-tards, A master, tutor,
teacher.

a jVS adab-kdr, An instructor, teacher,
tutor; a pupil, student.

a tef ^<i\ adab-kada, A seat of polite
manners ; a kingly court.

«lJv^ adab-gdh, The place of obeisance
in the palace of a chief; a seat of refine-
ment ; a court.

a, c5 >j\ adabi, Polite, learned; a scholar.

a j*i>>l idbir, by Imalah for idbdr, q.v.

a idhdz (v.n, 4 of u*°-J), Dismiss-

ing a suit ; abolishing.

28 ) gol

t->\ ddakji, Handsome, fine, good ; height ;
the highest degree.

Aj Vi^ iddikMr (v.n. 8 of Hoard-
ing.

a JWj\ idkhal (v.n. 4 of J^<>), Causing
to enter ; introducing, inserting, thrusting
or putting in ; — iddikh&l (v.n. 8 of J 4 "*),
Entering.

^ ddar, Fire ; — ddir, A lancet, a fleam.
a e\>*>\ idraj (v n. 4 of ty->), Folding (a
letter).

A idrdr (v.n. 4 of p), Agitating,

moving, whirling round (a spindle), giving
it a rotatory motion so rapid ( hat it appears
stationary ; causing urine, milk, &c. to flow
copiously ; involuntary or copious discharge
of urine ; diabetes ; hard rain ; liberality,
munificence ; a scholarship, fellowship ;
exhibition ; bursary ; a pension, a stipend ;
any cloth sufficient for a garment (i').

a idrdrdt (pi. of the preceding),

Pensions.

a (j)\)>^ idrdri, A pension ; a dishful.
(^•Ijjl idrdfie (from Or. &4>p6<;), Froth of
the sea.

A is)\>drt idr&k (v.n. 4 of ^<>), Attaining,
reaching ; arriving at manhood, coming to
maturity ; comprehension, apprehension,
understanding, perception, intelligence, in-
tellect, capacity, genius.

a iiJlo uuWj^ idrakdti sddiqah, True,
just conceptions.

f\)0\ adrdm, A packing-needle.
a SjjI adarat, udrat, Rupture, swelled
testicle.

lt^j^ adrakhah, Lightning, thunder;
cold.

cUjj\ ddarshdkh, A pickle.
(*>i)jt adarfan, Itch, scab, ringworm.

adark, A swinging cot ; swing for
children ; — adrak (S. drdraka), Fresh gin-
ger; — idrak, A small plum.

f>^\ ddram, A saddle-cloth (also adram) ;
arms, such as swords, daggers, bows and
arrows ; a large needle.

adram-kash, A packing-needle.
adratna, A saddle-cloth of coarse

wool.

tt&jA ddrang, adrang, Grief, sorrow,
distress, ennui ; a heavy calamity, ruin,
perdition.

t adranah, Adrianople.
«;«^ udra, The crest of a helmet.
a (j-jj^ idris, The Arabian name for
fcjiil akhnukh, Enoch.

u\&. idris-khdna, Heaven.

<j-j1 adas, Name of a graiti.

ddish, Fire.
a Ao\ iddi'd' (v.n. 8 of y^), Claiming,
demanding as a right ; claim, pretension ;
arrogating j — iddi'd ddsktan, To have a
claim against (m.c).

a ad'aj, Black-eyed (man).
A <L£j\ ad'iyat (pi. of du'a), Saluta-

p\ (

tions, congratulations, compliment*, wishes,
prayers, blessings.

a fMJ\ idgrfiam (v.n. 4 of /»**»), Inserting
one letter into another; doubling it by
iashdid ; coalescence.

^\ ddgAar, A summer-house ; — adgjiar,
A vent-hole.

a adgkam, Black about the face ;
black-nosed; one who speaks through hiB
nose.

a id/a' (v.n. 4 of \y>>), Warming ;
clothing in warm raiment.

ad/ar, A nephew; an uncle (seej^).

A jo\ adaqq, More or most subtile,
minute, slender, thin ; abstruse, recondite,
obscure.

a jU^ idqdq (v.n. 4 of 3 J )> Pounding,
pulverizing ; attenuating, making thin,
slender and fine ; speaking abstrusely.
adaqcha, A cover, wrapper.

<*M aduk, The female parts (of a woman
or animal).

a <p»\ iddikdr (v.n. 8 of /J), To recall
to mind ; to accept advice.

adgar, Measure, comparison, conjec-
ture.

a idla" (v.n. 4 of jJj), Throwing,
sending, or letting down, dropping; speak-
ing evil of another.

a 5IM idlaj (v.n. 4 of g3^), A departing
at nightfall ; iddiliij (v.n. 8 of the same),
Travelling during the last watch of the
night.

a JSjI idlal (v.n. 4 of Jj), Being arro-
gant, provoking, coquettish ; coming down
(on an enemy), pouncing on his prey (a
hawk).

A £M adillat, adilla (pi. of dalil), Argu-
ments, reasons, proofs, evidences, indica-
tions ; road -guides.

a adam. Brown, dusky, tawny, mu-
latto ; Adam, the father of the human race ;
— ddami 5W, A fabulous animal, resembling
man, that rises from the sea, a merman ;
— arfiwi ba-adam ml-rasad, Adam (man)
comes to Adam (man), a phrase addressed
by the poor to the rich, reminding the
latter that similar distress may befall him.

A adm, Eating anything with bread ;
uniting in love and friendship ; — adam, A
tomb ; a kind of date.
adam, A ruby.

x JU^ idmdl (v.n. 4 of J"**), Cica-
trizing.

a t>U^ idman (v.n. 4 of (£•••»), Con-
stantly drinking wine.

a t»>} ddam-perd, Creator of man, i.e.
God ; a holy man.

a adamat, The inner skin ; a chief,
a general, model, pattern ; — udrnat (v.n. of
l»>^), Being of a brown colour, brownness,
duskinesB ; a clear shining white (in
camels).

19 )

a pAddam-chaghm, Having eyes like
those of a man.

i**^ adam-kkwur, A man-eater, a
cannibal.

a j- fA ddam-sar, Bald.

o ddamitidn, A place abounding

in men ; the world.

o (j*U*i pd\ ddam-shinae, Knowing man-
kind.

a pS\ ddamgari, Humanity, valour.

(j"«>\ adman, Pure, fragrant (musk).

a ts" 1 ^ ddami, Human, a man, brown.

a ddamiyan (pi, of the preceding),

Men, mortals.

a ddamiydna, Humanly, like a

man.

a &»r, (j-^T ddami'backa, An infant.
a &v>A ddamiyat, Humanity.
a Sj\j4- ^j-o 1 ! ddaml-khyara, A man-eater,
cannibal.

(j-ol ddamltdd, ».»\) ddami-tdda,
A son of man, man.

A »Uo\ idnd' (v.n. 4 of y-*), Bringing near.

A Juu) idn&f (v.n. 4 of UUo), Suffering
from severe and continued illness; afflict-
ing sorely for a long time (sickness) ;
going down (as the sun) ; bringing near.

■WJt adatid, How? — idind, An unknown
number ; half a load (see the following).

Jl adank. How ? at what rate 'i an un-
certain, unknown number, conjectural com-
putation ; one truss, hamper, Ac. ; one half
of a horse's load, as much as a beast carries
upon one side ; one side of a piece of
money.

,JJ\ adnl. adne (?), Error, mistake.

A adnd, Lower, lowest; smaller,

smallest ; least, most trifling ; nearer,
nearest.

a adawdt (pi. of addt), Instru-

ments, tools, utensils ; particles ; — adawdti
jang, Arms, war-like apparatus, weapons of
war, artillery.

a adwdr (pi. of ddr), Houses, man-
sions ; — (pi. of daur) Orbs, orbits, revolu-
tions, circles ; periods, ages ; — adwdri mala-
hut, The harmony of the heavenly bodies,
the music of the spheres, the intelligence
which moves them.

,j\y>\ adwdy (in Zand and Paz,), Voice,
echo.

a Jj^l ad-ad, Name of one of Muham-
mad's ancestors.

adus (corr. from A. adwaah)
Dim-sighted, purblind.

a (jyA adwan, More or most mean, or
base.

,_s^ adwe, Sweet-scented flag ; aloes.

a &ijJ>\ adwiyat, adwiya (pi. of dawd),
Medicines; — adwiya'i garm, Hot condi-
ments, as pepper, cloves, cinnamon, &c.

iS\ dda, A hen-roost, a perch for pigeons.

a ^>Uj\ idhdgh (v.n. 4 of u*-* J ), Astound-
ing, striking with amazement, terrifying.

«j1

( 30 )

a idhdq (v.n. 4 of ,j>ao), Filling a
cup, emptying a vessel.

a gjl*^ adhdn (pi. of Oils, oint-

ments, unguents ; — idhdn (v.n. 4 of <s*»>),
Anointing, concealing, deceiving, dissem-
bling ; imposture, deceit, falsehood ; — iddi-
kdn (v.n. 8 of The anointing of one's

self.

adhaja, ty^j\ adhajdrah, A kind
of thorn.

adhali, Half a gold mohur, in value
eight rupees.

a j**-^ adham, (A horse) of a black co-
lour, inclining to a dusky green; black;
old ; a fetter.

a Jj*j^ adhd, More or most subtle or
astute.

C>W adyan, Cattle (in motion) ; a rapa-
cious animal,

a adyan (pi. of din), Religions.

a adlb, Courteous, polite, well-bred ;
learned ; a professor, tutor.

adich&ra, The inverted thorn.

■ifi\ adid, Consequence ; strictly and im-
plicitly followed (a command) ; a spring of
water.

iJ*A adish, Fire.

a adim, Goats' leather, perfumed,
which they bring from Arabia Felix ;
Morocco leather; bread when eaten or
baked with meat ; the surface of the earth ;
name of a horse; — adimit'g-sama', The ex-
panse of heaven ; — adimu 'z-zuha, Half-way
between sunrise and mid-day ; — adimu' n-
ntthdr, Tbe diffusion of light or day.

a adya,nda,Thv rainbow.

iJi^ ddlna, Friday.

adyun — adydn, q.v.

a \b\ izd, When (in the present or future
sense) ; behold ! lo !

a azd' (v.n. of Being injured,

receiving damage, annoyance, molestation,
vexation.

a SfUl izdbat (v.n. 4 of vj*S), Dissolving,
causing to melt.

a ^-M dear. The Syrian month of March.

Qfil\j)<2>\ dmr-afyun, Foam of the sea.

o azar&qi, A plant called dog's

bane.

y*jl.jU\ dzdrt&s, A proper name (see

isjitf atari, Relating to the (Syrian)
month Azar.

A izd'at (v.n. 4 of JjJ), Publishing,
divulging, blazing; squandering, lavish-
ing ; to sprinkle urine.

a izdqat (v.n. 4 of j 3 >i) Giving one
to drink or taste.

a q\ S\ dzdn, a?dn (v.n . of o«M ), Announcin g,
-giving notice ; the signal for summoning
to prayers, by the Mu'azzin or crier, from
the minarets or towers of the mosques ;
listening to.

A J^l izbdl (v.n. 4 of _ Causing to
wither, debilitating, emaciating.

t «M uzbak, TJsback Tartar.

a ;M igziiidr (v.n. 8 of /.J), Storing up.

a wMw, The bog-rush.

azar, dzur, Fire ; name of the angel
presiding over fire, and the day agar ; affairs
of the month and day dzar, the former
being the ninth solar month, the latter
being the ninth day of any month, but
particularly of the fourth month, tir-mah ;
name of seven celebrated fire -temples dedi-
cated to the seven planets, and called in
their respective order: agari mihr, noth,
bahtdm, d'in (dym), Is&win, barzin (bunfn),
zardahusht; name of Abraham's father;
(met.) love.

a »\jJl izrd' (v.n, 4 of 1/J), Causing tears
to flow, shedding tears ; — (v.n. 4 of «jj)«J)
Sowing ; throwing off (a rider) ; sweeping
away (wind).

J WT j«iTf dzar-dbdd, ©Wj^T dzar-dbdd'
gdn, Fame of a fire-temple in Tabriz ; also
the ancient name of Tabriz itself.

ty&W jJ^ dzar-abdd-giin, A stove, a forge.

}yj>\ jJTf dzar-afroz, An eolipile ; a phoenix ;
name of a son of Isfandiyar.

V )^ azar-afzd, An eolipile.

I»\j<1\ axedm, A packing-needle (see flyA).

i$eft dzar-d'in, dzari d'in, Name of
the fourth temple of the seven called after
the planets.

A j^T dzar-bdd, Name of a priest of the
Magi.

ytfolt yi^ dzar-bdd-gdn, A fire-temple ;
name of a fire-temple in Tabriz, ana of
Tabriz itself.

y^i^,^ azar-bdyigdn = the preceding;
name of the Persian province Azerbaijan.

yijj^^ dzar-barscin, dzari barzin, Name of
the sixth fire-temple of those named after
the seven planets.

»!ji>l dzar-bo, 4jjjj.iT dzar-boyd, Name of a
yellow flowering shrub, from whose root
pearl-ashes are made.

fAj^^ dzari bahrdm, Name of the third
fire-temple, called after the seven planets.
azrabi, A native of Azarbaijan.

a t)We»;«^ dgar-baijdn, for P, y^iW)^
dzar-bdyigdn, q.v.

dzar-paratt, A fire-worshipper.

\yn^\ azar-perd, dzar-paird, One who
attends on a fire-temple.

yi^jjy dzartush, A salamander.

^^y-j^ dgar-frfiurddr, «rtoy*- yi^ dzar-
khwwddd. Name of a priest of the Magi ;
also of the angel who presides over fire;
also of the fire-temple at Siiiraz ; also of the
fifth fire-temple.

(jjjjs. jj^f dzar-ihurin, dzari Name
of the fifth fire-temple, called after the
seven planets by the ancient Persians.

jfi ( 31 )

u** dzarkhush (ap-aihsh, dgarakJish),
Name of the ninth day of the month Azar.

t**-;^ drraiheha, Intense cold fatal to
man and beast; lightning, with loud
thunder.

>*&j dzar-rang, Bright, shining, red,
flame-coloured; confused, dispersed; diffi-
cult ; trouble, misfortune, calamity, ruin,
slaughter.

k*~4*>>)j dzar-xarduhusht, dzari eardu-
husht, Name of the seventh fire-temple
named after the seven planets.

azarcts (probably for dzar-ras, going
into the fire), A salamander.

y^j'i'y dzarehap, n* yS\ azarshasp, Name
of the angel or demon of fire ; fire, flame,
lightning ; name of one of the temples in
the city of Balkh ; a salamander.

t** dzar-shin (for dzar-nishin, sitting
in the fire), A salamander.

u-jty? dzartvs, Name of the father-in-
law of 'Azra.

;V )S\ dzar.fardz, Kindling fire.

Jjr* dzar-furoz, V )^ &zar-fa%a, An
eohpile.

u£ dmr-kada, A fire-temple.
<f yS\ azar-ku, The leaves of the camo-
mile.

u*i>* \i\ dzar-kesh, A fire- worshipper.

y« dzar-gashp, v~~*"^ )^ dzar-
guthasp, Lightning ; fire ; fire-worshipper ;
name of a fire- temple erected by Gushtasp
in Balkh, in which he kept his treasures ;
the angel presiding over, and living in,
fire ; name of a hero.

Ji" dzar-gul, A flower like the ane-
mone.

t>/ dzar-gun, Flame-coloured, fiery-
red, bright ; the anemone, marigold, marsh-
mallows ; a salamander ; a horse.

f»y\ dzram, A saddle-cloth ; a saddle whose
cloth is in two pieces.

dzar-mdh, Name of the ninth
month of the solar year.

ft dzar-mihr, dzari mihr, Name of the
first fire-temple called after the planets.

agarnu-dokM (= p$
q.v.), Name of the daughter and successor
of Khosrau Parwez, and of a city founded
by her,

dzarang (for dzar-rang), dzrang,
Light, luminous, bright, dazzling ; fire ; dis-
tress, misery, ruin (see tsfij^ and •*&$).

L^y j^T dzar-nosh, Name of the second
fire-temple named after the seven planets.

y^Ufc jS\ azar-humdyun, Name of a
witch.

ii&t*yk jS\ azar hoshang, Name of the
earliest prophet sent to Persia.

<j^**y* j^T dzar-hoehangi, A follower of
Azar Hoshang.

<jjj<*T azari, A native of Azerbaijan; name
of a poet ; a follower of Azar Hoshang.

y»\t)«H dzarydt, azaryda, Gum of wild rue.

o u»^°i)^ dzrltus, Name of a medicine.

<j\iy>\ dzariydn (pi. of dzari), Followers
of Azar Hoshang.

azarin, Camomile-flower ; ox-eye ;
= yi^ q.v.

(jjt j3\ dzar-yun ( = azar-gun),
Red, flame- coloured ; any flower of such a
colour ; anemone ; the sun-flower.

a cj^jl iz'dn (v.n. 4 of y*o), Obedience,
submission ; confidence, belief.

a fj\ azfar, Fragrant, pungent, strong-
scented ; most fragrant.

azqdn (pi. of zaqan), Chins, beards.

Hj\ dzuqa, azuqa = dzuqa, q.v.

A azkdr (pi. of zihr), Praises of
God, continual prayers or repetitions of
the names and attributes of the Supreme
Being ; — izkdr (v.n. 4 of Bringing
forth a male child ; reminding ; — izzikwr
(v.n. 8 of the same), Remembering.

a Jjfr! azka, More or most pungent.

a azkiyd' (pi. of zakiy). People of

discernment, penetration, or understanding ;
acute, witty.

A j«M azall, More or most vile, abject, or
submissive.

a izldl (v.n. 4 of J-l), Holding in
contempt, rendering contemptible; con-
tempt, dishonour.

A q<S} dzan, Long-eared ; — dzin, A porter,
chamberlain.

a qJ\ izn (v.n.), Permitting; leave , li-
cence ; — izn dddan, To give leave, to allow,
to permit ; — uzn, The ear, a handle ; — uzun,
The ear ; attentive to what is spoken.

a *r>\ij\ azndb (pi. of zanab), Tails, rumps,
posteriors ; — azndbu 'l-k&ail, Horse-tails (a
plant) ; — azndbu 'n-nds, Men of low degree ;
servants \~izndb (v.n. 4 of Commit-
tins; a crime or trespass.

<jj>^\ uznak (dim. of A. uzn), An ear-
trumpet.

Hj^S dzuqa (for U))\ azuqa, q.v.), Provi-
sions.

dzun, Thus, in that manner.

a azhdn (pi. of zihn), Geniuses,

intellects, capacities ; memories.

a Jl»J\ azydl (pi. of tail), Skirts, tails, ends,
borders of a garment; the long tails of
animals ; the meanest of men.

a aziyat (v.n. of vs^). Injuring, hurt-
ing; injury, harm, damage, nuisance, hurt,
wrong, loss ; molestation, annoyance ; suf-
fering, distress ;— aziyat kardan, To tor-
ment (m.c).

a o~i>tf aziyat-kdrdn, Oppressors,
tyrants.

tri-M azi&h, A door-sill ; chips, rubbish.
dzin, Custom, common usage, insti-
tution, rite, ceremony ; decoration ; a
churn, churning-stick.

A azin (v.n. of Summons to

prayer; the place to which such summons
extends (as a street, or a parish) ; the pub-

<^iT ( 82 ) 1/

lie crier, who summons to prayer j a sponsor,
Burety.

tfi'tf azin-band, Ornamented, decorated
(with flags, etc.).

j\ dr (tor agar), If; — (Imperative of dwar-
dari) Bring thou ; (in coinp.) Bringing ; a
bringer ; — Imperative of drastan, To be
able A suffix added to the 3rd pers. sing,
pret. of verbs, to form abstract nouns, as
raftdr, Going, gait, from raft, he went;
also nouns of agency or adjectives, as
kkaridar, A purchaser ; padiddr, Manifest;
— ar (for agar), If ; — (for i } \ arrah) Saw ;
dregs of oil.

\\ drd (in eomp. from drastan), Embel-
lishing, adorning; ornament (as majlie-drd,
Gracing the banquet, &c).

a drd' (pi. of ra'y), Opinions, coun-
sels, doctrines, views.

a. ird'dt (v.n. 4 of jj^j), Showing,
exhibiting, making known; — ird'ati ruy
kardan, To show the face.

a irdbat (v.n. 4 of s-ij), Causing to
doubt and suspect ; becoming doubtful ;
doubt, suspicion.

0 »-v , y ardbchi, A carter, a waggoner.
ardba, A waggon, a cart ; a wheel.
*»\>1 ardba-kash, A carter, waggoner.
ardj (contraction of q-v.), The
elbow ; name of a bird.

a «-4«-\>\ ardjif {pi. of arjdf), False
rumours.

a irdhat (v.n. 4 of ejj), Giving
rest ; bringing cattle home in the evening ;
grazing at night-timu ; breathing ; dying ;
discovering a smell.

qa^A^ drdkhidan, To rest.

•A)} drdd, The twenty-fifth day of each
month ; name of the angel presiding over
that day.

a irddat (v.n. 4 of Jjj), Wishing,
willing, purposing; desire, will, inclination,
intention, purpose, design; discipleship ; —
irddati khudd, The will of God ; — irddat
kardan, To wish, desire, will, intend.

a 6i\Sii\j\ irdditdna, Voluntarily, cheer-
fully.

it irtidat-btmdah, A free ser-

vant.

a ^-VT ua^jl irddat-guzin, Devotee, de-
voted ; a Bcholar.

a J aranl (pi. of arzal), Low, mean;
the vulgar.

c^j^ ardrin (in Zand and Paz.), Ugly,
bad.

arazish, Bounty, charity, alms.

«eXL.^ drdstah, A swallow.

^tsJ^ drdstagl, Ornament, embellish,
ment, decoration ; order, arrangement.

t>*«>\^ drdstan, To adorn, decorate, embel-
lish ; to set in order.

&x-.y ardsta, Adorned, decorated, em-
bellished ; arranged ; an idol temple.

a irdz, A carpet of coarse wool or
hair.

a o*V ardzi (pi. of arz), Lands, estates.
a uuV^jl ardziydt, pi. of and =: the pre-
ceding.

a irdqat (v.n. 4 of j^j or 0<;)> Spill-
ing, shedding, pouring forth.

ardgu (from G. e^wucos), A species of
wild pulse.

drak, An island.

a ardk, A kind of salt and bitter
tree, with the roots and branches of which
they make dentifrices ; a piece of ground.

a Wj\ ardkd, A kind of nut, which, when
chewed with betel-leaves and fine lime,
strengthens the stomach, and gives an
agreeable flavour to the breath.

dram, Rest, tranquillity, peace, quiet,
repose, cessation, inaction ; power, obe-
dience, subjection ; (adverbially) while mo-
tionless; (in compos.) tranquillizing, as dil-
drdm, Heart-easing ; — (S. drama) A garden
(especially in a city), a dwelling-place;—
drami kkdk, The repose of the earth ; a clod j
— dram budan («ft.wdan),To be at rest, to be
calm ; — dram giriftan, To take rest ; to be
patient.

A f>\j\ dram (pi. of iram, arim), Stones
erected in the desert for the direction of
travellers ; — (pi, of ri'm) "White deer.

yxjUljf drdmdnidan, To cause to be
quiet.

y4 drdm-bdnii, A name.

drdmban, A garden within a city,
y-*"^ drdmidan, To rest, repose.
^s^-.jj(»\^ drdm-dost, Loving ease ; indo-
lent.

<jt~*\j\ drdmish, Quiet, repose, rest; —
drdmishi bad, A calm ; — drdmiahi ddd, Due
proportion, equality, symmetry.

tUi f,\j\ drdm-shdh (peace-king), Name of
a Mogul emperor.

a s-lt (Aji drdm-talab, Seeking ease; idle,
indolent.

jb^-ljT drdm-kdr, A lazy person, one who
does not work unless ordered ; one who
does a thing slowly ; tedious, patient ; se-
date ; a sluggard.

a vj-j^y drdm-kursi, An easy chair.

sl£»^T drdm-gdh, t&Afi drdmgah, The
time or place of rest ; a calm, peaceable,
secure dwelling; a bed-chamber.

ji£ p\)f drdm-gir, Who takes his rest ;
quiet, tranquil.

a J-*y ardmil, ardmilat (pi, of

armal). Widows, distressed and needy
women.

o'r'V ardmuni (from G. antfuwirrf), The
anemone.

drami, Peace, calmness, repose.

•V»Vi drdmld, He rested, you rest, rest
ye ; thanksgiving.

e)-v\^ drdmidan (S. ram), To rest, to be

I,T ( 33

at peace or ease; to repose, sleep; to cause i
to be at rest, to be quiet.

drdmida, Quieted, calmed, rested,
ft)';! Aran, Name of a province of Azerbai-
jan ; name of a village of Kashan, noted for
its asses being big and fat like mules ; the
elbow.

(jjty arrdn, ardn=the preceding ; privet.

•>i)\)\ ardwand, Grief, regret ; desire,
wish ; the Tigris ; splendour, pomp, gran-
deur ; name of a mountain in Hatnadan.

»y arah, Mastic.

Jlj^ dray, Adorn (iuiper. of drdstan) ;
(in comp.) adorning, ornament.

yAt»^ drdydnidan, To cause to adorn.

ij-lty drdyigh, Ornament, embellishment ;
custom, law, institute ; name of a note in
music; — ardyighi kfawurshed, Name of a
note in music ; the down on the face ; —
drdyishi rum, Name of a fortified place ; —
drdyieh kardan, To adorn ; — drdyishi majlis,
The ornament of the assembly.

A alft^ ara'ik (pi. of arikat), Thrones,
sofas.

iMtty drdyanda, Ornamenting ; a deco-
rator.

yjL,^ dra'tdan, To adorn, decorate.

fc>*ft^ ard'ida, Ornamented, adorned.

a orab (v.n.), Being in want or
need ; being skilled ; drooping, being
languid and useless (the limbs); being
hard upon (fortune) ; need, necessity,
wish ; — irb, A member, limb ; meinbrum
genitale ; intellect ; religion ; want ; need ;
wickedness.

a. s*V arbdb (pi, of rabb), Lords, mas-
ters, possessors ; — arbabi baslrat, The intel-
ligent, clear-sighted, circumspect ; — arbdbi
tagkallub, Superiors, conquerors ; — arbabi
tamyiz, Judicious, discerning, prudent ; —
arbdbi timdr, Pensioners; — arbdbi jdh u
tamkin, Possessed of dignity and power ; —
arbdbi jk/iirad, arbdbi dd-nigh, Sage, intelli-
gent ; — arbabi duwal, Governors, chiefs ;
(taken in the sing.) proprietor, possessor
of fiefs or villages ; — arbabi dih, A village
chief ; — arbdbi diwdn, Counsellors ; —
arbdbi gukhan, Eloquent orators ; poets ;
— arbdbi suluk, Devout, observers of reli-
gious precepts; — arbdbi ekar', Law offi-
cers; — arbdbi safd'i bdtin, Endowed with
purity, of a. contemplative and holy life ; —
arbdbi san'at, Artificers, artisans ; — arbdbi
fazl u affdl wa askdbi 'il/m u kamal, Per-
sons of merit and learning; — arbdbi qalam,
Civil functionaries (m.c.) ; — arbdbi nidi,
Officers of the treasury ; — arbabi ma'dli,
Grandees, eminent men ; — arbdbi ma'nd,
Spiritual persons ; — arbdbi makrumai, Most
clement lords ; — arbdbi nathdt, Dancers and
singers, musicians ; — arbabi himmat, High-
minded, liberal (persons), men of spirit, of
lofty aspirations,

)

a 0^W>1 arbdban (P. pi, of the preceding),
Lords, grandees.

A arbd' (pi. of rab'), Houses, man-
sions; — (pj. of rub') Fourth parts; — irbd'
(v.n. of <•»>), Entering upon the vernal
season ; turning cattle out to spring pas-
ture; dwelling in a spring habitation;
being four in number ; suffering from 8
quartan fever; breeding the teeth called
rabd Hyat ; begetting children in old age.

A arba' (feiu.), arba'at (inasc),
Four; — arba' mutandaib, Simple rule of
three ; — arba' 'andsir, The four elements ; —
arbu' (pi. of rab'), Houses, vernal man-
sions.

a jJu> &*tj\ arba'at 'athara (masc), Four-
teen.

a arba'una, y***^ arba'ina, Forty.

A J}jl irbal, Arbela in Mesopotamia,
famous for the defeat of Darius by Alex-
ander the Great.

t)^ arba, A pear.

W»-y^ arbujmd (in Zand and Pazand), A
water-melon ; an island.

arbii-ddr, A pear-tree,

g (jjje A e . t j\ arbiy&tiyus, Name of a
Greek physician.

6>Wf>^ arbaydn, A sea-locust ; — arbydn,
The camomile flower,

\*t*j\ arbita (in Zand and Pazand), A
roof.

u"i^ drat (3. aratni), A cubit ; the elbow.
\j/ artd (in Zand and Pazand), A
country,

a g^/ arid', A multitude; — irtd' (v.n. 4
of gfj), Turning cattle into a good pasture j
producing abundance of grass.

t urtaq, A merchant.

a f)Sj\ irtdm (v.n. 4 of ,•»;), Tying a
thread round the finger, in order to be re-
minded by it of something.

a iriibdt (v.n. 8 of Biuding,

being tied ; connection, affinity, familiarity,
close friendship; — iriibdt kardan, A con-
nection or alliance.

a &!)\ irtibd' (v.n. 8 of gt;), Passing the
vernal season ; to graze spring grass ; to
be square-built or sit four-square ; lifting
up a stone to try one's strength.

a sMj* irtij&j (v.n. 8 of jy), Shaking,
dashing of the waves ; agitation, tremor.

a jW^ wtijdz (v.n. 8 of yt-)), Composing
or reciting a poem in the metre JRajaz.

a irtijds (v.n. 8 of <_r**>), Thun-

dering.

a irtijd' (v.n. 8 of fr-j), Selling a
camel and buying something else with the
price received ; taking a gift back ; carry-
ing back.

a JW=j\ irtijal (v.n. 8 of J»^), Speaking
extempore, improvisation.

«a)l<r)\ irtajak, irtajik, Lightning.

JU*,\ irtihdl (v.n. 8 of J»-j), Departure,
travelling, migration ; death.

*"»J>' (

A irtihhat (v.n. 8 of Buying

cheap.

A irtidd' (v.n. 8 of (j«>j), Putting on
a cloak or mantle.

A Aj3j\ irtiddd (v.n. 8 of Eeturning,
rejecting, refusing ; opposing ; rejection,
apostasy, recantation.

a irftcfa' (v.n. 8 of gJj), Being de-
filed, tinged, stained ; abstaining.

a <JW^ irtiddf (v.n. 8 of ^j), Riding
behind another; following, pursuing.

a jty^ irtixde (v.n. 8 of Jj), Sticking (as
an arrow in the mark) ; being close-fisted,
stinginess.

a (k~Sj\ irtudm (v.n. 8 of A distin-
guishing mark ; distinguished by (in
compos.) ; plan, painting, writing ; being
proud ; prayer, invocation.

A irtisha' (v.n. 8 of fa), Receiving

a bribe ; bribery, corruption.

A u\Ml& irtinhdf (v.n. 8 of <-**•_>), A sip-
ping, sucking.

a pU»jl irtiza' (v.n. 8 of <_y*j), Approving,
consenting, accepting, being contented.

a gU».\ irtiza' (v.n. 8 of £»>), Sucking,
taking the suck.

A irti'dd (v.n. 8 of J*)), and —

a irti'd$h (v.n. of tr^), Trembling,

trepidation.

A irtifa' (v.n. 8 of g*j), Elevation,

exaltation, altitude ; height ; ascent, gran-
deur, prosperity ; — irtifd'i jarr % ahaukat,
The height of glory and magnificence ; —
irtifa' giriftan, To take the altitude (of the
sun, &c.).

a jUty irtifdq (v.n. 8 of ^j), Leaning
on the elbow or ou a cushion.

a <AKj\ irtiqd' (v.n. 8 of ^j), Ascending ;
promotion.

a irtiqdb (v.n. 8 of s-ij), Expect-

ing, waiting, hoping for.

A irtikab (v.n. 8 of w^), Embark-

ing in an enterprise ; perpetration, com-
mission (of sins) ; riding.

a j\Stj\ iHih&x (v.n. 8 of>*>), Leaning on
a bow.

a <jJ&)\ irtikdi (v.n. 8 of u~*y), Re-
lapsing, backsliding.

a *\fSj\ irtikam (v.n. 8 of ^j), Being
closely packed, heaped, accumulated ; a
crowd, throng, press.

a )Uy irtimdz (v.n. 8 of yj), Trembling
from a severe blow, palpitating, throbbing ;
agitation, perturbation.

a y»Ui^ irtimds (v.n. 8 of A
plunging, diving.

a y*Uy irtimdz (v.n. 8 of Burn-
ing with pain or grief ; to be spoiled or
ruined.

*s&J^ artang, The house of the famous
Persian painter and religious impostor
Manl ; also his book of drawings which he
showed to his followers as a work given to
him by angels ; Hani himself ; a Chinese

34 ) &\

idol-temple. (Other forms are : *sS*Sj\ ar-
sang, arjang, oSa-j! arsang, <j&£^
arg&ang, and arhang.)

a J*\v} irtihdth (v.n. 8 of iA*>j), Cutting
one foot with the other (horse, camel) ;
getting sore in running.

A irtihdn (v.n. 8 of Takiug or

receiving a thing as a pledge ; pledge, hos-
tage.

a v>W^ irtiydb (v.n. b of s-!>), Doubt-
ing, suspecting ; doubt, uncertainty.

a Ml}^ irtiydbdna, Doubtfully, in a
doubtful or suspicious manner.

a irtiydh (v.n. 8 of tj;), Eejoicing;
being glad ; contentment, gaiety.

a .AeJjl irtiyad (v.n. 8 of Jjy), Seeking,
searching for.

a <J>^}\ irtiydsh (v.n. 8 of Being
in easy circumstances ; feathering a nest.

a irtiydz (v.n. 8 of u*jy), Being

broken in (a colt).

£xt*?j\ arteshddr (S. astradhdrin) , Sol-
dier ; a company of horsemen ; name of a
large river.

yWeJ)\ artimdn, A district of Hamadiin.
A <£>jl ars (v.n.), Exciting, stirring up
(strife) ; kindling (a fire) ; — irs (v.n. of
ii>jij), Inheriting; heritage, heirloom;
ashes ; remains ; — urs, A kind of thorn.

a irsdnah, Hereditary, by heredi-
tary right.

jty arsad, Root of the wild pepper-tree.
arsang = *±&J>\ artang, q.v.
draj, araj,A kind of bird; the elbow;
— arj (Z. areja, arega), Price, worth, value ;
esteem, rank, honour, dignity ; limit, bound,
measure ; separation, extraction ; a bird
with soft plumage, a swan ; a rhinoceros.

a araj (v.n.), Sending forth an
agreeable perfume ; a sweet smell ; sweet-
scented spices.

a sW-j^ arjd' (pi. of raja'), Sides, mar-
gins, coasts ; — irjd' (v.n. 4 of %>), Defer-
ring, putting off.

•v—- arjasp, The grandson of Afra-
siyab ; name of a Turanian champion.

a gW^ irjd' (v.n. 4 of £»■;), Causing to
return; returning, bringing back; changing;
substituting; instituting (a suit).

a <->W-^ arjdf, An uncertain or false
rumour, a fiction ; — irjdf (v.n. 4 of <-*■*■;),
Spreading false rumours ; engaging in
business.

(jjJW-^ arjdlun, A wild vine.

arjdn, A kind of fir; a kind of
mountain almond.

a irjdh (v.n. 4 of 4*>), Deferring
beyond the proper time.

a y*-j\ arjaz, A camel whose legs or head
are trembling when rising
^ — <^ arjasp = t^^-W-^ q.v.
a J^-j\ arjal, Marked with white on one
foot (horse, cattle, a blemish) ; large-
footed (man).

&>» ( 35 ) ^\

arjmand, Rare, excellent, worthy
of great price, valuable, exquisite, beloved,
dear, brave, generous, noble, distinguished ;
wise; — arjmand-bdnu (noble princess), A
proper name.

iS iJ *+j\ arjmandi, Excellence ; precious-
ness ; — arjmandi burdan, To acquire, to
reap, to gain,
y*^ arjan, The bitter almond-tree.
arjand, Name of a town.

arjang=*tSJjj) artang, q.v.
arjanah, Name of a desert in Persia ;
name of a note in music.

o\j^ arjawdn, urjmvan, Purple, deep
red ; a purple dye ; a purple robe or car-
pet ; redness; starch.

oftyt-^ arjawdni, Purple, deep red.
A *=-j»-_>' urjuhat, A swing, a see-saw.

archih, archand, Although.
<$*tj} urchin, A ladder ; a staircase.

archini, Name of a mountain.
a pU.^ arhilm (pi. of rihm or rahim),
Wombs, matrices; relations by the mother,
uterine kindred.

A arham, More or most merciful ; —
arhamu 'r-rahimin, The most merciful of
the merciful (God).

arhiqina, A herb used for dyeing.
A »U-^ irjcha (v.n. 4 of /-;), Slackening,
loosening, relaxing; — irkhd'i 'indn, Letting
loose the reins, riding at full speed ; un-
rulinesB.

a ij>\*-)\ irkhds (v.n. 4 of u^), Finding
or purchasing cheap ; making cheap.

lxu~j\ arkJianda, A tincture-powder, with
which they tinge the nails and other parts
of the body of a beautiful red ; some na-
tions, mixing it with vinegar, dye the
manes and tails of their horses ; a kind of
tree from which they make a fine oil.
arakhang, Arracan.

a arkhun (apx (uv )> ^ prince, chief,
archon; a high-priest, patriarch (among
Eastern Christians).

a arkha, Softer, softest ; more or
most flabby.

^ drad, The twenty-fifth day of every
month ; name of the angel presiding over
that day ; — ard, A defect, blemish, imper-
fection ; flour, meal ; — ard kardan, To
grind; — drdi jaw, Barley-meal; — drdi gan-
dum, Wheaten flour; — drdi kwnjud, A dish
of fresh dates and syrup ; — ard u ravghan,
A kind of sweetmeat.

ard, Anger ; (S. arati) flour-meal ;
— ird, The twenty-fifth day of every month,
and name of the angel presiding over it ; —
urd, Like, similar; name of a city in
Persia.

\^\ ardd, Name of a priest of the Magi.
a *\>*)\ irdd' (r.n. 4 of 'Uj) Assisting;
— (v.n. 4 of i^Jj) Destroying.

drd-dba, Pottage, porridge.
»>W drddd, arddd, A deceiver; a satyr ; —

arddd, Name of a priest of tbe Magi
(='»>^ ardd).

arddia, Flour-meal.
A ardan (pi, of rudn), Sleeves ; —

irddn (v.n. 4 of ^Jj), Putting sleeves to a
garment.

u*-*^ arddnish (probably misreading for
u^V), Good works, alms, charity.
arddna, A species of violet.

yj; 1 ? drddw, A demon, evil genius, magi-
cian,

u\ji<,\^\ arddwirdf, Name of a Persian
legislator who flourished about the year
200 of the Christian era.

t>Jj\ ardab, War, quarrel, altercation.

A s-"^' irdabb, An Egyptian measure
equal to 24 gd'.

WjT drd-ba, A kind of pottage or gruel.

**!>*■ J J^ drd-bukhrak, A confection of
mountain almonds.

ardabur, A beautiful green colour.

ysi->j\ drd'bez, ard-bet, A sieve, boulter.

Jsj ardabil, Name of a city in Media.

Ajjjj^ drd-tilla, Pottage, stir-about, gruel.
ardij, Juniper.

vt ardij-db, Gin.

a oWj' ardajdn, Certain figures and mys-
teries in astrology.

AlU-jjl drdahdla, A kind of milk-pottage.

dJjjjjf drd-dula, Gruel ; a fine green
colour.

drd-raughan, A kind of sweet-
meat (see drd u raugkan, under tf).

tjjj^ drd-eada, A sieve ; a fine green
colour.

gUuo^ ardistdn, ardietdn, irdietdn (Z.
eredhva, high + stdna, place), Name of a
district in Persia.

JiJ^ aradush (Z. aredhus), A certain
number of crimes.

jtM ^\ drd-shir (S. rita+ kthatra), Milk
and flour pottage ; — ardeher, Intrepid,
courageous j name of Bahman son of Iafan-
diyar and father of D&rab ; also of Sasau,
and of the son of Sheroyah bin Parwez ;
— ardeheri dirdx-dail, Artaxerxes Longi-
nianus, name of King Bahman.

y^js4.jj\ ardshirdn, Name of a bitter
plant.

s^s. ardeher-k&urra, Name of a

country in Persia.

^j^jAj^ ardsher-ddru, A bitter medicine.

o jUij.y aridfandni, Wild cucumber.

vs!j^ urddk, An aquatic bird; — urdak az
kun bar-dmad, A practical joke has been
played.

ardakdn, Name of a town in the
district of Shiraz ; also of a village near
Yazd.

a \£j)\ ardagdn, Certain figures ia astro-

pjj\ ,'irdam, The anemone ; — ardam, A
section of the book of Zardusht ; dexterity ;
skill ; the anemone.

o>l ( 36

( _ 5 *'«^ ardami, Name of an animal.

yjjl d.rdan, ardan, urdan, A colandor, a
strainer ;— ardan, Name of a country ; the
river Jordan ; — irdan, The oxycanth fruit ;
a species of eagle.

i' ^\ urdu, A camp, an army ; a name
for the Hindustani language, made up of
Hindi, Persian, and Arabic ; — urdii'i hu-
■m&yun, urdii'i mu'alld, The royal camp.

ardawdn, yW-^ ardbdn (strong
guard), Name of several princes of ancient
Persia, Media, and India, supposed to be
tho Artabanus of the Greets ; name of a
country.

urdu-zada, Encamped.
\J>)^ ardush. The body of the lunar
Bphere.

AiS j^ ardukind, The ancient name of the
city of Kashghar or Turan (Scythia).

ardiila, Milk-pottage, pap, gruel.
ar&un, Name of a Sing o£ Persia.
arda, arda, Flour, meal, flour-bread ;
a kind of porridge ; a handniill ; — drda'i
kkurma, A dish made of dates with hot
bread, butter, &c. ; — drda'i (arda'i) kunjud,
A dish of fresh dates and syrup.

dJl&j,\ drdhdla, A kind of pottage or
gruel.

soyf arda-bukhrak=>£/*. ^jf q.v.
o**^ ardaki, Name of au animal,
ts^jl urdi, The second month of the solar
year.

us~£-k» ts>»j! urdi (ardi) bihisht, The second
Persian month, mid-spring, April; the
third day of every month, which the old
Persians celebrated by a festival ; the
angel who presides over the mountains ;
fire.

AajJjT ardina, A kind of gruel or pottage.

a JUj* arzdl (pi. of razl), Vile, ignoble ;
the vulgar, the rabble ; — irzdl (v,n. 4 of
J.>>), Despising, treating with scorn; asso-
ciating with the base.

A J-ij\ arzal, Mean, base ; more or most
mean, base, ignoble or vile ; — arza.lv, 'I-
'umr, The end of life, when memory and
faculties fail.

arz, Price, value ; quantity ; esteem,
veneration ; — arzi bazar, Market price.

a jj\ an, urz, The pine, cedar, pitch,
juniper, or any cone-bearing tree; — araz,
urvx, urz, Rice.

a arm' (pi. of ruz'), Afflictions, cala-
mities, disasters.

a arzdq (pi. of rkq), Riches, posses-
sions, provisions.

arzan, Of small value, cheap, low-
priced ; worthy ; — (for jS\ agar zi-dn) If
iroin that ; — arzdn ehudan, To be cheap ; to
be worthy ; — arzdn hardan, To make cheap.

^jsl arzdnieh, Charity, good works.

^ytj/ arzdni, Cheapness; abundance;
anything safe and sure ; anything given in
charge ; a worthy object of charity ; — ■

) »\

arzdni ddshtan, arzdni farmudan, arzdni
kardan, To give, bestow, confer.

oAeJVj/ arzdnidan, To be esteemed; to
be bought cheap.

(jj-'ss^ii)^ arzdyanidan, To render valuable ;
to make cheap.

a.rztiyun—^)»i^\ q.v.

J W arzrud, Name of a country in Tur-
kistan.

J)>rf arzish, Price, value, worth.

a arzaq (for azraq), Azure, cerulean.

q$ arzan, Millet ; — arzani zarrin, Stars ;
sparks of fire ; a draught of wine ; bubbles.

a ytf arzan, A hard kind of tree from
which they make walking-sticks ; a city in
Armenia called'Erzeroom (arzanu 'r-rum).

o)J arzan-reza, Small grains ; small
rain-drops ; sips, drinking by sipB.

cA&j^ arzangdn, Name of a city in Ar-
menia.

^a*j^ arzanin, Bread made of millet.

jj/f drzu, Desire, wish, will, resolution,
intention, inclination, affection, love, appe-
tite, concupiscence, hope, want ; — arzu'i
nafo, Sensuality ; — drzu bar bastan, drzu dar
handr Jeaehidan (guzdshtan), To obtain one's
wish ; — drzu dar dil (dar jigar) shikastan,
drzu so&htan (faru ehikattan), To be disap-
pointed, frustrated in one's wish ; — drzu
pukhtan (khwd$tan, ddshtan, kardan), To
nourish a wish, to desire ardently.

*^$JjT drzuwdna, Any object of desire ;
wistfully; — drzuwdna'i zani bar-ddr, The
longing of a pregnant woman.

6 V" 3$ drzu-k&wdh, Wishing for, de-
sirous.

0 J Jjjf arzudan, To desire, wish, hanker.

C*"* drzu-sanj, Desirous, longing for.

us~~Wi jjjl; drzu-shikast, The breach of a
resolution, change of mind.

fc?*A- jijjT drzu-ehikan, Breaking a resolu-
tion, preventing the execution of any
design.

drzu-kada, <fifi drzu-gdh, W j$
drzu-gah, A place where everything wished
for is at hand.

drzumand, Desirous, eager, fond,
wishful, covetous, avaricious, greedy ; —
drzumandi ihsdnam, I am desirous, soli-
citous, or ambitious of favour ; — drzumandi
'atlya, Greedy of gifts.

ij*'*))^ drzumandi, Desire, wish, appe-
tite.

{jjjjTf drzun, Amiable qualities, virtues.
drzundk, Desirous, wishful, eager.
drza, arza, Clay mixed with straw
for plaster ; — arza, Liquid pitch ; the cy-
press ; the pine ; the first of the seven
climates.

drzagar, arzagar, A plasterer.
or 1 ))^ arzetdn, Name of a certain prin.
cess.

yfcji^ arzldan, To suit, become ; to bo
worth.

( 37 )

>^ arzit, Lead.

u**j^ arztih, Price, value ; dignity.

<d$>f arzhan, A species of bitter almond.
arzhang, The house of the painter
Mani, &c. (see *sSa?j\ artang) ; a demon of
Mazandaran, killed by liu stain ; a Tura-
nian champion, killed by Tub.

4*J>t cwaAiwia, Name of a desert in Persia.

o-;t twos, Name of a river near Tiflis, the
Araxes of the ancients ; — aris, arts-, The
juniper-tree ; — ars (S. asm), A tear; — arsi
buzdn, A rheum issuing from the eyes of
the mountain- goat from which they prepare
an antidote against poison ; — urs, The larch,
plane, or cypress tree.

a y*;\ irs, A noble race or stock.

a »Lyt irsd' (r.n. 4 of Making firm,
immovable.

a Q~>$ arsagh (pi- of rwsgh), The wrists
or ankles (in man), pasterns (in animals).

a JUj\ irsaZ (v.n. 4 of J~y), Sending, de-
spatching ; remittance ; despatch ; monthly
collection of rents.

<uU JLyl irsdl-ndma, A list of remit-
tances, invoice of goods, rent-roll.

A arsan (pi. of rasan), Halters ; —
irsdn (v.n. 4 of y— Binding fast with a
halter, haltering.

a (jyVLyl arsdniqfm, Yellow orpiment.

>*~»j( drast, Ability, power ; decoration ;
— drast, arast, The upper or higher part of
pack-saddles; plumpness in the hips (of
animals) .

yAs-yi arastdan, To adorn ; to be able.
arastan, arastan, To adorn ; to be

able.

arastu, A swallow ; swallow-wort.

te-ji arasta, Adorned.

a lo~j\ arast, \!b~ } \ arasta, Aristotle.

U*>»^ arista, Henbane.

a fj>iV\]a arastdtalis, arastdtd-
lw, Aristotle.

a jJJb .-^ aristulukhiyd, Long birth-
wort,

o aristo, Aristotle ; the herb birth-
wort-

t drsldn, arsldn, A lion ; surname
adopted by several kings of Persia.

arsan, An assembly, meeting, con-
gress.

JU-^ arsandl, Arsenal (m.c).

arsang, Man! the impostor's shop
(see *s£jjjl artang).

drash, Name of a celebrated archer ;
name of the second son of Kai Qubad ; —
arash, A cubit, a fathom ; name of a city ;
— arish, Signification, meaning; — arish
(S. rishi), Wise, prudent ; an assembly ; —
arsh, a cubit ; an assembly.

a vA>^ drish, Name of a mountain ; — arsh,
Disagreement, quarrel, altercation ; stimu-
lation to discord ; a mulct or fine paid for
the shedding of blood.

a >A*>.\ irshdd (v.n. 4 of •"»,), Directing,

showing the right way; direction, order,
command ;—irshdd-ange%, Producing safety.

a J»\*}i irshdsh (v.n. 4 of J*j), Gentle
rain ; dropping of blood or tears.
arshad, The marcasite stone.

arshasang, The 25th of the

month.

ar8ha.k, A poppy ; fault ; — arashk
(Z. aragka), Envy.
g <j*±*»*>ji arshimidus, Archimedes.
yA^ arshan (in Kipjak), A cloud.
drishl, True, real, significant.
arshyd (in Zand and Pazand), A

throne.

A oL*^ arsdd (pi. of rasad), Observations
of the stars, or of roads (through deserts) ;
— irsdd (v.u. 4 of ^j), Observing, watch-
ing.

a y^ irsdn (v.n. 4 of y-»j), Making

fast,

a ^J>ji arz, The earth, ground, soil ; land,
country, region ; a portion of laud ; — arzi
khdll, Uncultivated ground; — arzi rum
(country of the Romaus), Name of a city
on the confines of Armenia and Cappa-
docia; — arzi mamalik, A prime minister; — ■
arzi nuh, Tie land of Noah, a place so
called in Eastern Arabia.

A irzd,' (v.n. 4 of £-»>), Giving suck.

a arazat, A worm which eats into
ships, the white ant, weevil.

a arzi, Terrestrial, earthly, earthy.

a JU=>\ artdi (pi. of rati or ritl), Certain
measures of weight, pounds (of twelve
ounces).

<j \^_UUd,1 artdmdsiyd, Artemisia, mug-
wort.

(j*}-***^ artdmidus, Name of a prophet.
G t_ri»*ky artamis, Artemisia ; Diana,
o U*~*L)1 arfamlsd, Southernwood.
g LVty artanlsd, Sow-bread.
^J*$ arte, artl, A willow ; a poplar.
Qft}°)\ artayun, Intelligent, acute, cun-
ning.

a <J>\*} ir'dsh (v.n. 4 of Trembling ;
causing to tremble.

a uty ir'df (v.n. 4 of "-^j), Causing
(the nose) to bleed, producing hemorrhage ;
causing to make haste; filling a bottle.

a jks^ ar'ad, Thunder-struck.

a ar'an, Foolish, ignorant ; lax,
flabby, weak, languid.

a ir'iwd' (v.n. 9 of fy), Abstaining
(from evil) ; repenting.

£j\ dragk, A belch, ructation; — urgA, Hot
and bitter (walnut or almond).

artjhd, s->^ arghdh, A river.

E^j\ arghdj, argjidch, Yarn ; the

weft.

sjli^ dryjidda, Name of a river.

urghuf, A stream of water.
JUjt argkdil, Argali, the wild sheep of
Siberia and Central Asia (see <Jtef*).

& (

a irgbam (v.n. 4 of ^ij), Kubbiug (a
man's nose) in the dirt ; lowering, debasing.

g (jyty arghamun, A web in the eye,
which in the extreme parts of the iris
looks red, in the interior white.

a tJrty arg&dmuni, Wild tansy.

fa\ arghav, A river.

S 4 ^ arghich, Ivy.

ijfyty argkachi, A long rope or thread.
arugjida, arag&rfa, Angry, passionate,
enraged ; agitated (opp. to quiet) ; quar-
relsome ; — araghda, arghuda, Covetous,
greedy.

fo\ argfiieh, Ivy.

tfk * ^ arghushtdk, A kind of child's
game.

argiak, Ivy.

A JA>\ argkul, Easy, agreeable (life) ;
uncircumcised.

jsr**>^ arghamj, A long thread.

csy**)t arg&amcM, A long robe j a thread
twenty cubits long, fit for weaving.

o gfy argha/n, An organ.
arghanj, A long thread.

Mt^ arghand, arghand, iSAifc^ drghanda,
argAanda, Covetous, desirous, wishful ; in-
trepid ; passionate, angry, testy ; a tippler.

«r*f arghand-ab, Name of a river.

aii^j)\ arghang, The shop of the painter
Ma.nl (see <iX^ artang).

arg&anun (G. opyavov), An organ.

yy- 4 ^ arghanwi, An organ.

ft)3 ttJ*^ argkaMun-zan, Who plays on the
organ.

C>\j*>' arghawdn, Name of a tree whose
fruit and flower are of a beautiful red.

V s O^ttf arg&awdn-tan (red-bodied),
Name of the planet Mars.

arghawdn-sd i id, With roBy

fore-arms.

^jty arghawdni, Red, purple.

CJj*^ arghun, An organ ; (S. arvan) a
wild horse.

irghaydn, A village near Nishabur.

cjJ**^ argkidan, To quarrel, dispute,
scold, brawl, contend ; to become hard, to
wax dry.

t^j^ argMda, Angry, passionate.

ir*t£j\ drghesh, The bark of the box-
thorn.

a tr/aA (v.n. 4 of &ij), Bestowing
affluence; comforting, cherishing; enjoy-
ment of ample means and tranquillity.

•v&afcl^ arfakhshad, Name of a prophet.

u*«*>* arfash, A caravan.

a (J**^ arfaz, A refuser ; an obstinate
heretic, particularly a fanatic Shi'ah.

A g*^ arfa', Higher, highest.

•u*^ arfand=#)f> q.v.

jj^ <*rgr, A canal.

a a?-o^ (v.n.), Being watchful, sleep-
less ; — araqq, More or most slender, or
transparent ; thinner, thinnest.

ijo^ irqds (v.n. 4 of u**j), Making (a

38 )

camel) dance, caper, or trot ; dandling (an
infant).

A arqdq, Privet ;—irqdq (v.n. 4 of Jy),
Making thin or slender; reducing into a
state of servitude ; speaking in refined
language.

A irqdl (v.n. 4 of JSj), Making

haste.

arqdli (see <J>ty), Argali, the wild
sheep of Siberia and Central Asia..

a fty arqdm (pi. of raqam), Figures,
numbers; writings, notations; — arqdmi
hindi, Arithmetic, numbers, properly In-
dian tables, arithmetic being generally
supposed to be borrowed from them.

o arqan, Privet ; mountain almond.

yM^ arqith, Intelligent, skilful ; an
adept.

a S=3fj\ arqat, Variegated with black and
white spots.

a arqam, (A serpent) speckled with
black and white (of a very dangerous
species) ; name of an Arabian tribe.

arqand, Name of a mountain in the

west.

>*Jj\ ark (m.c. for A small citadel ; —
ark-'immai, Citadel-palace.

a ark (v.n. of i^), A camel's feeding
on the tree ardk ; abiding in one place.

a )ty irk&z (v.n. 4 of Discovering
minerals or hidden treasures.

A <j*^ irkds (v.n. 4 of u^j), Driving
back.

irkdz (v.n. 4 of y*^), Becoming
large and stirring in the womb (a foetus).

H\Sj\ irkdk, Dew, misling rain.

A Gjtfjt arkdn (pi. of rukn), Columns,
pillars, supports, props ; component parts ;
fundamentals, essentials; (prosodic) feet;
— arkdni daulat, Nobles (pillars of the
State).

a ark-fin, A chief, a governor.

[$&fj< arkunitan (in Zand and Pazand),
To give, to bestow ; a gift.

1*^ arkiyd (in Zand and Pazand), A
river.

iiSfi arg, A small citadel within a larger
one ; name of a fortress in Sistan ; (8.
arka) the sun ; — arag, A swing ; — arag,
urug, A tether ; — org, An organ (m.c. from
Fr. orgue).

h argaja, A kind of perfume.

iJS}, argali, A wild sheep (see and

urganj, Name of a city in Khura-

san.

q ijt^ argils, Name of one of Alexan-
der's successors, Lagos (?)

y-Sj\ adds, The spirit or soul of sphere
of Mercury.

a fj\ arim, Name of a town in Mazan-
daran ; also of a village near Dahistan.

arm, The arm from the elbow to the

r ;1 ( 39

shoulder; — iram, Name of the inventor of
warlike instruments ; = A. p } \ iram, q.v.

a fl\ arm (v.n.), Seizing with the teeth,
"biting ; twisting hard (a rope) ; eating up all
on the table ; — iram, The fabulous gardens,
Baid to have been devised by Shaddad bin
'Ad in emulation of the gardens of Para-
dise.

a irmdz (v.n. 4 of (J**)), Heating
anything (hot sand) ; hurting with heat,
scorching the feet ; grieving, afflicting,
paining.

armat, A kind of date-tree with a
fragrant blossom.

<*jU)\ armdk, JU^ armal, A substance
like cinnamon.

arman, arman. Desire ; a sigh ;
grief, sorrow ; remorse (arman khwurdan,
To sigh) ; — arman, A kind of drug which
hardens the gums ; — irman, Anything bor-
rowed ; name of a city.

;V- a fmdn-khwar, Wishful ; vexed,
t)^ armdn-khwur, Grieved, vexed.

Jr* arman- sar ay, The house of

mourning, i.e. the present world.

B^^l armanldan, To sigh ; to be
afflicted ; to repent, to feel the anguish of
repentance.

JsfUj\ irma'il, Name of one of ZahMk's
cooks.

a armad, Of an ash colour ; suffering
from ophthalmia.

dramidan, — qJu*^ q.v.

SJ^I dramda, Vexation, grief, sorrow ;
repentance, remorse ; — dramida, Reposed,
rested.

y } \ urmus, <iy^ urnmzd (Z. ahura-masda),
The first day of the month ; name of the
angel who presides over the first day of the
month ; the planet Jupiter ; name of the
son of Isfandiyar's son Bahman ; name of
the son of Anoshirw/ln.

u~*j\ tmnue, The prophet Enoch ;
Hermes.

(jS-»^ drmish (for drdmish), Quiet, repose.
armaghdn, a^mughdn, ar-
mayhti.nifk present brought from a journey,
an offering ; a piece of money.

tii»,\ %rmak, A woollen garment.

glS**^ irmagdn, A tutor ; happiness, feli-
city.

i^-j) aram-gah, dram-gah, A plate
of rest ; delight.

A armal, Widowed, in a state of
celibacy ; poor, indigent, helpless, wanting
victuals ; barren, without rain or produce
(year) ; with black feet (sheep) ; — annul
(pi. of rami), Sands.

W)\ arman (for agar man), If I; — arman,
irman, Name of a part of the mountainous
district of Azarbaijan, and the birth-place
of Shirin, famous for the production of silk.

Jti»j\ armand, At rest, reposed.

!Uu*y dramanda. Tranquil, quiet ; render-

) J>l

ing quiet, calming ; — armanda, Tranquil>
quiet.

armansd, Name of the body of the
lunar sphere (see J^y^)-

o^*^ armani, irmani, Armenian.

a {$<~"j\ armanin, The wild pomegranate.

s~" } \ armaniya, Armenia ; — irmaniya,
Name of a city where formerly stood a
fire-temple called iJ^J durukhsh.

armud (for ^yf \ amrud), A pear.

a urmulat. The stump left on the
trunk of the plant 'arfaj after lopping off a
branch; widowed; poor, indigent (youth).

vyj drmun, armun (for A. yyj^ arbun,
from G. appajiaiv), Earnest, pledge, stipula-
tion, anything by which a promise or bar-
gain is confirmed.

{■^y^ armitnitan (in Zand and Paz.), To
sleep, repose.

armiyd, urmiyd, irmiyd, Jeremiah ;
Khizr; Ali; Jerusalem.

^So^.j'l dramidagi, Rest, quiet ; modesty.

qJhp*^ dramidan, To rest, repose.

ij^jl dramida, armida, Rested, reposed,
quiescent.

armis, A kind of thorn.

O**/ armln, The fourth sou of King
Kai Qubad.

AftAs."^ arminiya, Armenia.

yja**^ armayHn, Name of a Greek philo-
sopher ; ingenious, intelligent ; a sort of
stone which breaks in a pentangular shape.

0)\ dran, aran (for dranj), The elbow, the
arm ; — aran, Congregation, assembly (?).

V)\ arran (in Zand and Pazand), A ewe.

a s-*^ amah, A hare, a rabbit ; — arnabi
bahri, A kind of poisonous fish.

aran bizh, Brazilian wood.
dranj, aranj, The elbow ; the arm
from the shoulder to the elbow.

•*»)\ arand (S. eranda), The castor-oil plant.
aranddn, Denial, refusal, prohibi-
tion ; Heaven forbid ! let it not be !

dranda, A bringer, a porter, carrier.

<i&j^ drang, Colour, mode, form, manner ;
thought, doubt, suspicion ; grief, trouble,
affliction ; craft, deceit, stratagem ; a kind
of fruit ; a viceroy, a governor ; (for dranj)
the elbow ; (in compos, at the end of com-
pounds) like, resembling, in form of; appa-
rently ; never; — drang drang, Parti-coloured,
variegated.

j\jJj\ arnawdz, Name of a sister of Jam-
shed.

&>)\ ar na (for agar na), If not.
j^j! aranyabuh, Brazilian wood,
h jfi arte, A peach (Prunus domestica,
comp. $\).

a irwd' (v.n. 4 of &%)> Giving to
drink, quenching the thirst.

a e\yf arwdh (pi. of riiA), Spirits, souls,
minds ; — ba-arwdhi pidaram, By my father's
soul (m.c).

arwana, A wild violet ; a kind of

camel.

arubak, Remote, distant ; old.

Vw^ urwp, Europe (m.c).

H$ arn/, The juniper-tree (perhaps mis-
reading for

urwar (in Zand and Paz.), Vegetables.

a jjjjl «r«it (v.n. of Jjl), Contracting one-
self, drawing back through avarice ; being
firm, steady, rooted, fixed ; being cold
(night).

<j»d arils, Furniture ; clothes.

t-j/ ariisd, Name of an Indian plant.

A £l>* arwa\ Handsome, winning, en-
gaging (either by comeliness or courage).

drugh, A belch (arugh dddan, to
belch); — arugh, A stem, stalk; family; —
urtigA, Au ox-hide ; a large owl ; a day ; a
fabulous mountain ; — urtigh Tcardan, To
dress leather ; to clean, to wipe.

(jjjuij^ arvijhidan, To belch.
driiq, A belch.

a urftli (v.n. or ^), Going down (a
swelling).

A";;^ ariima, A plant whence potash is
made.

t)^ ariin, artln, Amiable, attractive, win-
ning qualities ; — irun, A medlar ; an eagle ;
— arwwn, Bilious, choleric.

ariinitan (in Zand and Paz.), To

wash.

MyJ, arwand, Majesty, grandeur, pomp; —
arwand, Experience, proof; the best part of
anything; majesty, grandeur, pomp; ele-
gance, beauty, gracefulness ; wish, desire ; a
sigh of regret ; the ocean ; the Tigris ; name
of a mountain in Hamadan ; name of the
father of Lohrasb ; name of a fountain in
Sistfin.

*r>\M }> \ arwanddb, Name of Zahhak's
father.

gj-ij My\ arondidan, arondidan, To be lazy ;
to louse.

o ariinie, Valerian.

y->^>\ arwis, lAj^ arwish, A board where-
on the Parsis place the vessels used in their
religious ceremonies ; a hair rope.

drwln, arwin, "Experiment, trial.

<*ijyl arwiya, A mountain said to be forty
parasangs high.

&;\ ara, Root or lower part of the teeth,

gUH18.

ij\ arra (S. ara), A saw ; — arra nimudan,
arra kashldan, To saw ; — arra'i mar- dan-
dan, A saw of serpents' teeth.

x u>\*>j\ irhaf (v.n. 4 of <- A *j), Whetting,
sharpening (a sword).

A irhdq (v.n. 4 of tj* 1 ;), Bringing

near; being dilatory in saying prayers;
causing one to hasten away ; oppressing,
being hard upon.

6^ arrajdn (called also arra-
ghdn), Name of a city sixty leagues from
Shiraz.

J*^ arhad, A species of grain.

O^j *J arra-zabdn, A backbiter, slanderer.

"i^*)' arhafi, Name of a Hindu prophet.

•J^ ij\ arra-kash, A sawyer.

•jSiAjl arhang, Name of a town in Badakh-
shan, and a place of pilgrimage, called also
arhungi husain, because the head of Ali's
son Husain was buried there ; the shop of
Mam (see -jS^j\ artang).
j are, Root or lower part of the teeth,

gums (see tf) ; — art, Tes, very well, indeed,
truly ; no.

a <jf ary (v.n.), Making honey (a bee) ;
honey ; pouring forth rain (a cloud) ;
copious rain ; bearing malice.

h tSjT drl. The root of Arum colocasia.

A arydh (pi. of rlh). Winds.

a sr-tjV arib, Sagacious, cunning, shrewd,
sly.

s-s>^ urlh (ureb), Crooked, inverted.
A gjj^ arij, arijat (v.n. of Ejt), Send-
ing forth an agreeable smell ; a perfume ; a
sweet smell.

a le=ij\ ariha, Jericho in Palestine.
a aryahlyat, Cheerfulness, alacrity

in bestowing a gift.

Aij^ arid barid, irtd bind, A kind of
medicine brought from Sijistan, resembling
in shape an onion cut through the middle.
O^jf dridan. To adorn.

arlr, Sagacious, shrewd ; sober, chaste,
« (ares), Quick- sighted, acute.
a (_^^ arts, A husbandman ; name of a
well in Madinah.

urisa, The district of Orissa (in

India),

uS-itj\ ar'mh, Ingenious, clever.

a <jbt}\ arte, Broad, wide, large ; worthy,
suitable ; pure ; humble, modest ; fat (ani-
mal) .

drujh, Aversion, abhorrence, hatred.
arlk (in Zand and Paz.), Distant,

remote.

a utXj>\ arlk, Name of a valley.

a &4,\ arlkat, An ornamented sofa or
couch in a state apartment ; a throno.

ifir&i <sX>jl artka-nishln, Sitting on a
throne.

t£ij\ arm, A cubit.

)\ az, Desire, love, passion, lust ; avidity,
avarice, covetousness ; (at the end of com-
pounds) greedy ; name of a city.

)\ an, From ; of ; for ; by ; out of ; with ;
belonging to ; by means of ; in exchange ;
on; than; through; off; after; — as, ah bar
dmadan, To attain from a lower to a higher
degree either in dignity or in abasement;—
az dtith-hd dude na-dida, Inexperienced in
the vicissitudes of fortune ; — az alift ddam
id mimi moMh, From Adam to Christ; —
az dni o, az dno, His, her, or hers ; — az dni
eshdn, Their, theirs; — az an buz, From thence,
from that time ; — az ani tu, Thy, thine ; —
! az an jd, Thence, from that place ; — az ani

9 ( 41 ) >)

thumd. Tour, yours ; — az ani Jcih, Whose? —
az ani md, Our, ours ; — ass dni man, My,
mine ; — az o dzddi hard, He declared him
free; — az in jd, Hence, from this place; —
az in jd, az In dost, az in sabab, On this
account; — az in jdnib, From this aide or
part; — az in jumla, From all this;— az in
si-pas, Henceforth ; — az bald, From above ; —
ax bald' i fulwn, Before, in front of a person ;
— az birdy, For, because of ; — az bird'i dnki,
On account that ; — at bari nar shir doshi-
dan, To draw milk from the breast of a
male, i.e. to accomplish some wonderful
feat ; — az buni danddn, az buni si u du, az
buni gosh, az buni ndkfiun, Obedience, hearty
service ; cheerful ; accumulated, treasured
up; — az bahd (qimat) uftddan, To lose in
value ; — az bahri eshdn, On their account ; —
az bahri tuiiyd (dawd) na-mdnad, Nothing
remains even for tutty or medicine (to ex-
press the utmost want of a thing) ; — az bahri
chih, On what account ? — at, bahri khudd,
For God's sake ; — az bahri didan, In order
to see ; — az bahri eud, On account of gain ;
— az bahri namdz, For the sake of prayer ; —
— az pay uftddan {dor uftddan, dar dmadan),
To fall into disgrace, misery, want ; to slip,
to fall ; to die ; to retain no trace of former
splendour; — azpd afgandan (dar andakhtan,
dar awardan), To throw down, enfeeble,
destroy ; — az pavda birun shudan, To exceed
bounds ; — az pargdr uftddan, To be be-
wildered and helpless ; — az pargdr raftan
(thudan), To be in an ecstasy, beside one-
self ; — az pas, From behind; — az pas sar
safir kashidan, To become abject, to humble
oneself before another az post bar dma-
dan, To disclose one's secrets ; to renounce
the world, one's selfishness, or carnality ;
to laugh ; to attain one's object ; — az post
birun dmadan (uftddan, shudan), To be
beside oneself, to rejoice exceedingly ; — az
post birUn awardan (kashidan), To skin, to
flay ; — az pahlU'i kase chize didan, To derive
advantage from anyone ; — az pahlti'i kase
hare kardan. To accomplish a thing by
another's help ; — az pesh, From before ; — az
tahi dil, From the bottom of the heart ; — az
ja bar ddshtan kase-rd, To promote, give
advancement, increase one's power ; — azjdn
sar dmadan, To be weary of life ; to be wide
awake; — az jihat, On account of, because;
— az chash'/n afgandan (andakhtan), To de-
preciate, disparage, despise, render con-
temptible ; — as ehaehm (nazar) uftddan, To
be depreciated, disparaged, rendered con-
temptible; — an chashmi khariddri didan,
To look at a thing from all sides, atten-
tively ; — az ehavd roz, How long since ?
how many days ? — az chob (sang) chize
tarashidan, To produce a thing from where
it was not found before ; — az chize kharidan
(bdz kharidan), To rescue, liberate from ;
— az chite gul chidan, To obtain a favour,

to enjoy a Bight ; — az %hak bar ddshtafi (bar
girifta'i) r>, (He is) his client and dependant ;
- az khdk sitdndan, To abase, to destroy ; —
az khar uftddan, To fall from the ass ; (met.)
to die ; — az khar figandan, To deceive, to
cheat ; — az khatt birun shudan, To disobey
a command ; — as khwud, Voluntarily ; — az
khwud gtftd'ib shudan, To be absent, inatten-
tive ; — az dd'ira, uftddan,To lose caste •, — an
dast, Weak ; a subject, a vassal ; — az dast bar
giriftan, To exterminate, to destroy ; — az
dasti dahr jastan, To escape from the world;
to die; — az dast rafta, az dast shuda, In an
ecstasy, beside one's self ; — as dil dmad, It
came into his mind, it occurred to him ; he
recollected ; he did not succeed ; — az dur.
From afar ; — az du taraf, Mutual, recipro-
cal, from both sides ; — az rah burdan, To
lead out of the road, to seduce, deceive,
ruin ; — az ragi andesha khun chaMdan, To
consider attentively ; — az zabdn (sadd) uftd-
dan, To become speechless ; — az zabdn
afgandan (andakhtan), To render speech-
less ; — azzabdn jastan, To commit a blunder
in speaking ; — az zabdn dar dmadan, To be
guilty of a slip of the tongue; — az zabdni
kasb chize awardan (bastan, sdkhto-n), Relate
on the authority of another ; — az ziri sang
birun dmadan, To escape a great danger ;
— as sar afgandan, To dethrone ; — az
sar gumshian, To desist, withdraw one's
hand ; to resign one's life ; — az sar-angusht,
Bashly, inconsiderately ; — az sari pa rawdn
shudan, To go quickly ; — az sar khwdstan,
To risk one's life ; — az sar-dast, Off-hand,
without reflection ; — az sar kardan, To
seduce ; to contradict, to give the lie ; — az
sar nihddan, To turn upside down ; — az sar
wd hard, It dropped from his memory, he
neglected; — az sang chize birun awardan
(paidd kardan) ~ az chob chize tarashidan,
q.v. above ; — azash. From that time ; from
him ; from them ; — az shdkh post kardan,
To graft ; — az &h,dh khiib - itlifdg. ast,
Is he on good terms with the ting ? — az
shikam uftddan, To die ; — az sdhib yak
sukjian mi~ddram, Sir, I want to have a
word with you ; — az sahrd awardan (justan,
ydftan), To get a thing gratuitously, with-
out payment ; — az tdqi dil uftddan, To
fail in one's schemes az firod, From be-
low ; — az qaht murdan, To perish by famine ;
— az qafa jabin kardan, To turn the face
back towards ; — az qalam uftddan, To slip
from the pen (a word, from forgetfulness
in writing) ; — az kar dast kashidan, To give
over an enterprise ; — az kujd, Whence ? — az
kujdst. Whence is it ? — az girih raftan, To be
squandered, lavished away ; — az gil-ha chi
gil. From what stock (art thou) ? — az libdsi
nafs 'urydn shudan, To become sinless,
beside oneself, enraptured ; — an misdmir
dokhtdn, To fasten strongly, to guard
closely ; — az md, From us ; — az man dar

)) ( 42

guxar, Pardon my fault ; — az miydn. From
among ; — az norma' i gosh, syn. with az btini
go»h, q.v. above ; — cms nasctg uftadan, To he
disarranged, dispersed, scattered ; — az
nafas and.akh.tan, To silence ; — az namadi
hose huldh kardan, To adopt the manners,
fashions, or style of another ; — az nomad
Mrun raftan, To be strained (wine) ; — az -nan,
anew, afresh, again ; — az o bar khwurd, He
is offended at him ; — az o bar bast, He
reaped the fruit of it ; — az o pahlu hard, az
o fahlu tihi hard, az o handra hard, He
retired far from him ; — an o digar hard, He
turned from him ; — az o dil bar ddsht, He
was enraged at hiin ; — az o danddn bar Jean,
az o danddni timed bar han, Draw out the
tooth of hope, i.e. give up all hopes of it ; —
az o zdgh girifi, He took the crow from him,
i.e. he over- reached him ; — az o guy burd, az
» burd, He wrested the victory from him ;
— az o tjid'ib ma-shav, Be not absent from
that, i.e. Neglect it not ; — az may, Prom
him ; — an way daman afoh&ndan, To give a
thing up ; — az ham bar dmadan, To be dis-
turbed, sad, and melancholy ; — az ham
shudan, To be separated ; to expand, Open,
blossom ; — ast hawd giriftan, To speak with-
out foundation, to produce a thing from
where it cannot be got ; — az ydd burdan, To
forget; — az-in besh, Henceforth; — az yak-
chaahm didan, To look at with an impartial
eye.

\)\ dzd, am, Mastic ; over against, oppo-
site.

a »ty tza! , Whatever is opposite to and
corresponding with a thing.

v>fjT dzdb, An unmarried man ; a recruit.

yU^j^ deabistdn, New levies, in which
none but unmarried men are enrolled.

a. izdhat (v.n. 4 of ^-tj), Removing.

p Jtyf azdd. Free, independent, liberated,
delivered, manumitted, exempted ; fault-
less ; Bolitary, lonely ; a kind of faqlr, or
devotee ; a lily ; a cypress ; a fresh date ;
an evergreen ; a delicious kind of fish ; the
upas-tree ; the mountain Alwand ; name of
a hamlet in the district of Nakhchuwan ;
— azdd az hare, Free from care, disengaged
from business; — azdd fir uhMan, To sell out
and out, unconditionally ; — azdd kardan, To
set at liberty, absolve, dismiss, allow to go
away ; — azdd shudan, To be liberated, dis-
missed, permitted to depart.

\fi >i\fi dzdd-dwd (free voice), A manner
of reciting the praises of God.

(j>J»s- S\ft dzdd-Malq, Mankind at large ; —
azdd-khulq. Free (men), unblemished in
body or mind.

dzdd-ddru, A species of beet-
root.

uwtjj jtjT dz&d-dirakht (the free tree), A
kind of tree which abounds in Georgia,
where it is called zahri zam-in, Poison of

) W

the earth. In Persia it is called jU> t&q or
<iUt taghaq.

«D dzdd-rav, Who walks or travels
along freely.

jfjT dzdd-earv, The free (i.e. tall) cy-
press ; name of a man from whom Firdausi
borrowed the tale of Eustam's death.

a dzdd-t.ab', Free, of a lofty dis-

position.

t ^jAitf otyT azdd-kdghizi, A letter of
liberty, a charter.

ytfjljT tizddagdn (p). of dztida), Free,
high-born, generous men, especially ap-
plied to the Iranians in opposition to the
Turanians.

tiS o\y azdd-gdhi jamah = *^ 6 ^jT
dzdda-gdhi jamah, q.v.
o^lA dzddagi, Freedom, independence ;
over- boldness, recklessness.

S\ff dzdd-nama, A deed of manu-
mission.

■ij- ^jT dzdd-mard, Free, high-minded,
ambitious.

^jj* S[fi dzdd-mardi, Liberty, freedom,
jtyt dsdd-mewa, A confection made of
sugar-candy and almonds.

dzdd-wdr, Name of a note in music ;
name of a village in Khorasan famous for
fruit, especially grapes.

Mj\ dzdda, Free ; perfect, intact, pure ;
excellent, noble ; venerable ; (met.) the
lily ; the cypress ; — dzdda'i qaidi 'ishq, Free
from the fetters of love.

iS\fi djsdda'khirdm, Graceful in walk-
ing,

I*- dedda-kho, ^sy- Mj\ dzdda-khoy,
Or liberal disposition, noble-minded ; name
of the wife of Tur.

sS\fi oxado-ddr, Keeping free, render-
ing free, liberating ; a boaster.

Jo tS\ft dzdda-dil. Free from care ; pious,
upright ; noble.

i\S tJt.fi dzdda-gdhi jdma, The place
where a piece of cloth is cut from the
loom.

j\ } &S\fi dzdda-wdr, Worthy of the free or
noble.

tso^ dzddi, Liberty ; freedom, from
worldly cares; praise, thanksgiving; —
dzddi hardan, To praise.

dzdr, Imp. of dzdrdan • trouble, dis-
order, affliction, sickness, disease, grief,
vexation, molestation, injury, outrage ;
importunity ; (in comp.) tormenting, re-
proaching, teasing, affronting, as jdn-
dzdr, Tormenting the soul ; cruel, brutal ;
— dzdri talkha, The jaundice ; — dzdr dddan
(kardam, To molest, vex, rebuke, revile,
censure, quarrel, plague, torment, impor-
tune ; — dzdr ydftan, To be in trouble, to be
sick.

fo\ azdr, Money, a dirham ; — itdr, The
bottom of the water.

a izdr, A veil of fine linen or raus-

t» (

tin, covering the body to the middle of the
leg ; trousers, breeches, drawers ; the skirts
of a tent ; a woman ; — izdri khargdh,
A tent-flap ; — izdri kishttbdn, Sailors'
breeches.

a *M jty war-band, The string of the
drawers.

a tjA^jty izdr-bandi rishta, Connexion
through a wife ; petticoat interest.

izar-pd, <jhj$ izdr-pdy, Breeches ;
inner breeches, drawers reaching to the feet.

a izarat, Breeches, trousers.

ftfy azdrdam, A kind of pulse, French
bean.

0 J j\jl dss&rdan, Ho injure, oppress, revile.
tJ )\)\ azar-dih, Troublesome, injurious.
6,4 8' J dzdr-dida, One who has seen
trouble.

tA-; M dzdr-rasdn, Troublesome, riotous;
hurtful, injurious ; an incendiary.

tA *ry$fi dzdr-raslda, Vexed, distressed,
i^'jl dzdrish, Molestation, trouble, annoy-
ance, uneasiness.

dzdrmand, Sick, infirm, afflicted.
dzdranda, Troublesome, injurious,
seditious; a huTter, a tormentor.

izdriid, azdriid, Transoxania.
■"/^ izdra, A low wall in front of a house.
cSjtyl tizdri, Trouble, affliction ; sick ; a
patient ; insolent.

OA!>ljl azdridan, To molest, afflict, harass,
vex.

dzdyh, Anything whose inside is
black and clammy.

*■ a ty izdlat (v.n. 4 of Jjj), Removing,
causing to cease.

t^fi dzdmand (perhaps misreading for
avmand), A miser, a covetous person.

el $ an an, From him, it, thence, or that.

^ )\ ass dnjd hi, Since, by reason that,
on the ground that.

$ <*& ird, Because.

jt $ as bar, fjt az barm, By heart ; — ass
bar khwdndan, To recite by heart ; — az bar
danistan, To know by heart ; — as bar kar-
dan, To learn by heart.

u~» az has, Much, many.

az baskih, Inasmuch as.

pi )\ az Mr, By heart, by rote, by memory.
az pay, On account of ; down.

>*~~i tsk az pay past, Decayed, under-
mined.

<jt,$ az pay, On account of; down.

A-*-e> dss-pesha, Of friendly disposition,
with good intentions (opp. to klna-sdz).

a fy\ azajj, (A man) whose eye-brows are
long and narrow ; long-striding (ostrich).

a ijUj\ izhaf (v.n. 4 of Being
fatigued (a b^ast of burden) ; fatiguing,
jading.

£j\ azakh, azakh, A wart ; a twig, a vine ;
^dzukh, A rotten and empty nut; a led
horse.

43 ) j>\

azkhaeh, Lightning ; a thunder-
bolt.

azdab. Beware ! seize ! lay hold !
azdup, Take ! seize ! lay hold !
a izdijdr (v.n. 8 of Driving

away, frightening; refraining; holding
back.

A izdihdm (v.n. 8 of ^j), Throng-

ing, crowding, pushing on one another ; a,
concourse, press, throng, pressure of a
crowd or mob.

azdar, Worthy, proper, suitable ;
beautiful.

A izdird' (v.n. 8 of ^jj), Despising,
scorning; scorn, contempt, disdain.

A o^Jj^ izdirdd (v.n. 8 of >>j3), Swallow-
ing.

jt az dasi, Obedient ; a subject.
\j> ta—.j j\ a/z dost pazd, \)» j\ az daet
fazd, Unleavened bread, baked iu thin
cakes on lamina of iron or earth, placed in
a frying-pan ; letters patent conferring im-
munity from taxation.

<-JJ)^ azdaf, izdaf, A species of small
mediar-tree and fruit.

a oUj^ izdifdf (v.n. 8 of *I»j), Conduct-
ing or sending a bride to the house of her
husband.

^J>->)\ dzadagi, A stitching, a sewing up.
A U$<>j\ izdildf (v.n, 8 of <-ASj), Approach-
ing, advancing ; nearness.

^Jjl azdatni, Name of a doubtful ani-
mal,

y^j' dzadan, azada-n, To sew ; to prick
with a needle ; to dye ; — izdan, A medlar
(fruit and tree).

} y\ uzdu, The sweet gum of a tree, of a
reddish colour, with which confections are
made ; — wzdu'i taxi. Gum arabic.

a s\) J j^ izdiwdj (v.n. 8 of g^j), Coupling,
marrying ; marriage, wedding.

yj^Jj^ azdudan, To polish, to free from
rust.

ty\ dzada, azada, Pierced, full of holes ;
dyed, coloured ; written in letters of gold ;
empty ; (met.) the furrows of a file ; —
dzda, Dim, blear.

a izdihdf (v.n. 8 of >-^j), Hasten-

ing, despatching ; incurring enmity ;
changing, turning away.

a ^ J ji izdiydd (v.n. 8 of .ly), Increasing;
increase, accession, profit.

yji dzar, Cross-tempered; trouble, grief,
vexation; (in comp.) troubling, grieving,
vexing ; value, price.

a jji dzar, Name of Abraham's father,
or, according to others, his uncle's, that of
his father being Tarikh ; — azr, Assisting,
befriending ; strength, power ; debility,
weakness ; the back ; encompassing ; — izr,
Root, origin ; — uzr, The middle, waist.

a izra (v.n. 4 of ^j), Accusing, re-
proaching, disparaging, misrepresenting.
a jlyl azrdr (pi. of zirr), Buttons ; — izrdr

^ (

(V.n, 4 of J), Putting buttons to a gar-
ment).

a <-iVjj^ wr<i/ (v.n. 4 of ^J;)) , Going fast ;
driving, urging forward.

•>\$ &zarbdd, Name of a philosopher (see

lA*-^ dwakjtsh, Thunder, lightning,
storm.

y\ dtard, Colour ; paint, dye.
y* J»\ dzard-dlu, An apricot.

dzarddnidan, To make one injure.
O&jfi dzardagdn (pi, of azardah), In-
jured.

<j£>;tf diardagi, Grief, pain, uneasiness.

CJ**>jl dzardart, To injure, molest, harass,
disturb, vex, trouble, afflict ; to rebuke, re-
prove, reproach j to disgust, offend, aggra-
vate.

dzarda, Afflicted, vexed ; displeased,
dispirited, rebuked ; sad, sorrowful, weary ;
— dzarda kardan, To injure.

«~ H 8j jjf dzarda-pusht, Galled in the
back ; decrepit.

/t>U dza.rda-kh.dtir, Vexed, disgusted,

A jjjt owsrog, Blue ; blue-eyed ; heaven,
the sky ; the fourth line on Jamshed's cup.

\J>£ vjy\ azraq-poah, Clothed in blue.
amrik, A goat.

OyS)$\ dear-gun, Flame-coloured, yellow,
bright, shining, ruddy ; the leaves of the
myrtle.

dzarm, azarm, Pain, sorrow, grief;
anger, wrath ; giving up to contempt and
disgrace ; defect, error, vice ; greatness,
honour, reverence ; power, dignity ; shame,
modesty, bashf ulness ; commiseration, pity,
kindness; equity, justice; concord, unani-
mity ; ease, tranquillity ; attention, tole-
ration, patience ; evident, clear, manifest ;
conversion to the Muhammadan faith ;
name of the daughter of Khusrau Parvez j
— azram, A kind of saddle-cloth.

«U $ dmr-mdh, The last winter month.

^5^. fjfi azarm-juy, Seeking honour and
glory, ambitious ; who seeks for peace.

»u dzarm-dukjit, <j-*s-v»^ dzarml-
dufcht. assarmidukht, Name of the daughter
of Khusrau Parvez, who reigned four
months ; name of her city,

jL> dzarm-adz, "Who exercises pity and
kindness.

*^ f$.a»arm-gah, Place of rest.

gjL*«jjf dsarmidoM, To honour, respect,
favour,

♦sOjj) azrang, Adversity, misery; destruc-
tion ; — also azrang, A cucumber.

^\ ass-ash (for } \ From him, her, or
it ; from them (see u^j')-

a 8^ ( v - n - 4 of Ef;)' Disturbing,
moving from (its) place ; causing to rise ;
leading into sin.

£jt dmgh, azgk, A thing lopped (as
vine-prunings) ; a slip, cutting, scion ; —
amgh, The same ; rust ; an owl.

44 ) joT

jtetf izff&dr, Miserly, mean.
azgkich, Ivy, convolvulus.

a ojt azaf (v.n.), Approaching, drawing
near (time of departure) ; hastening, coming
suddenly upon.

d\&afi azfandak, azfandak, The rainbow
(see isK-uij!).

^9 uzak tuzak, Pomp, splendour ;
glitter ; the habits or fashions of kings ;
the king's seal.

_» J j\ az Jcdr dur, An idle vagabond.

yjjS 6,^ az-hara kardan, To recall to
mind ; to write a history (ae-kdrah, either
from kdr, Fact, or more probably a mis-
spelling for A. SjlSjt noun of unity of izkdr
or ixzikdr, q.v.).

a pty izkdm (v.n. of ^j), Giving of a
cold in the head.

A J/j^ azka, More or most pious or
pure.

a t>^)\ azkiyd' (pi. of zakiy), Good, just,
virtuous, ingenuous.

J*^ ixkil, A medlar.

azgdt, Wicked, villainous, de-
praved.

a Jjf anal, Eternity (without beginning,
opp. to abad, eternity without end) ; — azl
(v.n,), Being in distress ; falling into
straits or scarcity ; keeping back ; reproach-
ing, reviling ; — id, A lie, falsehood ; cala-
mity, misfortune.
I azldd, Never, by no means.

a <_rfjt izldf (v.n. 4 of ^j), Bringing
near ; collecting,

a jty izldq (v.n. 4 of cjij), Causing to
slide or fall; shaving the head; casting her
young (a camel).

a ixlal (v.n. 4 of Jj), Causing to
slide ; conferring a favour.

a fSjl azldm (pi. of salam, mlam), Arrows
without heads made use of in drawing lots.

a Jjt azali, Existing from all eternity ;
eternal ; God.

a £eljt azaliyat, Life everlasting, eternity.

fi\ azm, Progeny, offspring.

a pj\ azm (v.n.), Adhering (to a chief
or friend) ; abstaining from, containing or
commanding oneself ; twisting (a rope or
thread); being unfavourable and severe
(fortune, or a barren season) ; biting ;
cutting with the teeth or a knife.

\~\\ azmd, Imp. of azmudan ; (in comp.)
skilled, experienced, tried ; — azmd. Examin-
ing ; an experimenter.

A £^ izmd' (v.n. 4 of j-j), Applying
diligently to, and persevering in, any busi-
ness ; running (a hare).

0^*j^ dzmdn, .Repentance, regret, sorrow,
grief, anguish ; — dzmdn khwurdan, To de-
vour grief, to repent.

A y^jl azmdn (pi. of zaman), Times,
seasons ; — izmdn (v.n. 4 of y*j), Being
long, continual.
[ kj^fi dzmdni, An experiment, proof, trial.

r$ (

O^W^ dzm&nidan, To regret, grieve.
u 4 *^ asm&yish, Experiment, assay,
proof.

dzmdy (=a«ro3), Imp. of dzmudan.
a azimmat (pi. of zimdm), Reins,
bridles, halters.

avmurda, Covetous ; lazy ; left,
a J"J^ azmal, Much, many ; all ; voice,
echo.

demand, Desirous, covetous, greedy.

tj^jl dzmandi, Desire, lust, greediness.

A^jl azmina (pi. of zamdn), Times ; sea-
sons ; ages.

u*V*)^ avmudagl, Experience.

fcHj-jT dzmudan (imp. dzmd), To try,
prove, experiment.

*<>y)\ dzmuda, Tried, proved, experienced;
— iKfrnwciaAii, Experiments.

yy*) 1 ! dzmun, A proof, trial, experiment ;
—a»mun-rd garddnidan, To put to the test,
to fry one in battle.

a. J**j\ izmil, A shoe-maker's paring
knife; a kind of pike with which they
bunt wild oxen ; a mallet ; strong ; weak.

Cjtf uzan, Elbow.

<*>y>l dzttdh, Desirous, greedy.

■ s^jT dzndki, Avidity, cupidity.

azndv, tyfl azndwa, Name of a dis-
trict in Hamadan.

jj^jl azndwur, A great lord.

aznab, Displeasure, disgust.
dzunj, dzinj, tf)S dzuneh, Blearedness.

(fft dzankh, A streamer, bandrol.

y.iert.M^ dzanddnidim, dzandan =

yAsiW^ , y*f\ q.v.

us^jl aeank, A wrinkle; a frown; —
atank afgandan miydni du abru, To knit
the brows.

t issnihmid, Nicomedia, in By-

thinia.

i*!U <Aifi dzanhndk, Wrinkled, frowning.

u jf dzana, Arranged in proper order.

t $ dm, Molar tooth.

$ azo, azu. From him.

a e\)}\ azwdj (pi. oitauj). Pairs, couples j
partners, spouses, wives.

■>jj)T dzud, Intelligent, clear-sighted,
acote.

jjj^ dzwar, dzur, Avaricious, greedy ;
lewd.

J;j)}l azward, Trefoil ; Lotus agrestis.

i5j}^ aewarl, Name of a medicinal thorn.

fa\ dzugk, axogk, A lopping, a trimming ;
the prunings or loppings of trees ; rust.

ditiqa, dzuga, Provisions, contri-
butions in kind.

A. *>^*jl iz-Add (v.n. 4 of ■**>>), Having no
wish or deBire ; possessing little.

A (KS- hdr (pi. zahrat, zahra), Flowers ;
— iz-hdr (v.n. 4 of Lighting a lamp ;

making (a five) blaze ; flowering, blossom-
ing.

az-hdr-dasta, A nosegay, a
bunch of flowers.

45 ) j>1

A Uk*>)\ iz-hdf (v.n. 4 of *-**)), Telling a
lie, varnishing with falsehood ; bringing
near; throwing (a rider).

a jVe>^ az-hdq (v.n. 4 of i3*j), Destroying.

A j*;^ az-har, White, bright, brilliant;
more or most bright, etc. ; the moon ; a
wild bull.

az-hardlc, Name of the tyrant Zah-
hak.

jU. j v^ua as haft u char, From the
s«ven planets and the four elements.

t)A»jT dzidan, To injure, grieve, molest ;
to prick ; to dye.
jij) dzlr, Intelligent ; trouble.
assira (for as m-rd), Because.
asira, A mattock, beetle, smith's
hammer.

e>><>>j\ dziridan, To afflict ; to draw.

a azu (v.n. of j^), Bubbling (a boil-
ing cauldron) ; a thundering noise ; coi-
tion.

(ji-ijl assish (for )> From him.
&j\ dzigh, Aversion, indignation ; — azigh,
Perception, recollection.

azin, Such as this; from this.
j) dzh, Best, ease ; ingenious ; absti-
nent.

tf dzhakh. azhakh, dzhuih, A wart, a
mole; — dzhuk£., Blearedness ; anything
solved, disentangled, extricated.

d\i £f\ dzhakhndk, Full of warts, warty.

jJjt azhdar, A dragon ; the top of a
standar.l,

jVXa jjjl azhdar-shikdr, A dragon-hunter.
] ^j^f azhdarhd, A dragon; a strong,
I brave man; a tyrant; passionate, testy ; a
standard; armorial bearings; the tyrant
Zahhak.

<Jaj\ azhdaf, A medlar.

0 J j^ dzhadan. To sew, pierce, prick, punc-
ture; to shave; to notch a mill-stone
closely ; to tinge, dye ; — azhdan, A medlar,
an eagle.

>si»Jjl azhdanJe, Name of a demon.

sjji dzhada, Pricked, punctured, sewed.

*-»^ azhda, A drinking cup in shape of
an animal.

azhdahd, A dragon ; brave, intre-
pid; a tyrant; Zahhak; a standard; —
azhdahd'i falak, The constellation of the
dragon ; — kase-rd dami azhda-hd sdkhtan.
To make one the mouth of the (constel-
lation) dragon, i.e. to cause him to eclipse
others.

s,^j azkdahd-para, Of dragon race.

azhdahd-paikar, Having the face
or shape of a dragon.

^5j*.Ujj^ azhdahd-khoy, Of the disposition
of a dragon.

Ji.j Wojl azhdahd- dosk, From whose
shoulders dragons (serpents) spring.

a <aj>\ } lAJjl athddlia-rayat, Who has the
I image of a dragon on his flig.

( 40 )

U

a fA* Wjl azhdahd-'alam, On whose flag
a dragon is pictured.

azhdahd-sardn (pi.), Dragon.

headed.

uti VajjI azhdahd-fash, Resembling a
dragon.

i*>Uoj\ azkdahdk, The tyrant Zahhak.
tj*^ Ujjl azhdaha-kesh, Of the nature of
a dragon.

i^*> Jjl azhdaham, A parti- coloured eagle.

5>V Ujj\ azhdahd-ydra, Of the strength
(or form) of a dragon.

azhrang, Name of a demon.

tfi azhugh, The prunings of a vine.

£tf azhgi, Prunings, loppings,

usMjoijt azhfanddk, The rainbow.

0^5'\ azhgdn, azhgdn, Indolent, idle, lazy,
slothful ; grief, anxiety.

{jr-f* asshgan, A latticed door, lattices,
blinds ; dissimulation.

C)V^ azhgahdn, ififfi azhgahan, Indolent,
idle, negligent, lazy, slothful ; rain, false.

[$tty azhgin, Slothful, &c. (see e^)-

Qj\ dzhan, A tool for notching mill-
stones ; anything perforated.

•tfjl dzhand, azhand, Plaster, mortar,
parget, cement; clay, mud at the bottom
of a cistern.

yO^Wj^ dzhanddnidan, To mate sew, or
prick.

O-Wj? dzhandan, To prick, pierce ; to
sew.

dzhanda, Sewed ; bored, pierced,
t)"**^ dzhandidan, To lay mortar between
two bricks.

dzhank, A wrinkle ; knitting of the

brows.

uslU utii^ dzhankndk, Frowning.

«s&^ dzhang, aehang, A wrinkle; a frown.

Mfi dzhana, A tool for notching mill-
stones ; — dzhana kardan, To spread a
table.

aihnaydn, Camomile.
j$ dzhwar, Covetous.
£>3^ azh.ug&, Slips, loppings -, palm-tree
fibres.

dzha, azha, Quick lime, plaster, cement.
azhhdn, Idle, lazy, useless.
asthan, Lazy, indolent ; a trifling

thing.

uty azhydna, A pavement of flags or
brick.

dzhikh, Gummy exudations from the
uyes ; dirt.

tizhidan, To prick ; to stitch, sew.
j>j\ dzhir, Intelligent, learned, ingenious;
pious, devout ; chaste, modest ; a lake,
pool, ditch ; a cistern wherein rain-wnter
is collected ; victory, conquest ; a cry, a
shout ; abundance, surplus ; preparation,
arrangement.

azhlr, Intelligent, prudent ; pious,
abstinent ; hidden.

"al^jf dsshirdk, A shout, a cry; name of a
place.

V^tjifi dzhirldan, To cry aloud ; to appear
wise and intelligent; to prepare, to ar-
range.

dzhlna, A tool for notching mill-
stones ; a small file.

j»T de, A mill-stone ; ground com ; a
grinding of wheat, barley, Ac. ; the er-
mine ; a bald camel ; (S. dad) a bow ; (S.
dJa) hope ; name of a village in Persia ; —
d$ kardan, To grind, crush, bruise ; — dwr
ds afgandan, To spend freely ; to squander.

a yJ| as, The myrtle ; cinders or ashes
remaining in a fire-place ; honey remaining
in the hive ; the ruins or remains of a dwell-
ing ; — &si barri, The wild myrtle.

<_r^ us, A slap on the face, a box on the
ear ; name of a planet.

dsd, Manner, rule ; embellishment,
decoration ; reverence, sternness, rigour ;
authority, majesty, gravity ; quiet, tran-
quillity, repose; gaping, yawning,
stretching ; (in compos, imp. of dsvdan)
pacifying, soothing, as ruh-dsd, Soothing
the mind, <fcc. ; (an affix denoting) Like,
resembling, as mard-dsd, Manly, like a
man, mushk-dsd, Like musk, odoriferous; —
asd zadan (kardan, kaehidan), To yawn.

W a#d, Yawning ; like.

a 8aL-l isd'at, An offeuce, crime, sin.

a asdbi' (pi. of usbu'), Weeks.

a SijUl asdtizat, aedtiza (pi. of ustdz),
Masters ;~~-asdtiza'i 'ajam, Persian doctors,
or wise men.

a asdtir (pi. of istdr), Weights of

4^ miskals or 6£ drams.

<j*s{~\ aedtiji (A. plur. of situn), Pillars.

a isdr, A stirrup leather.

asdrun (Or. Sxrapov), Wild spikenard,

asarum.

*;l—T dsdrd, Computation, calculation.

a asdrir (pi. of awr), The lines,
lineaments, wrinkles, or creases in the
palms of the hand or on, the forehead.

a asds, A foundation, basis, pe-

destal ; — asdm 'l-lughdt (foundation of
speech), An Arabic grammar so called ; —
asdm 's-giydsal (foundation of rule), A
treatise on political government.

a— \—\ asdsa, isdsa, A glance from a
corner of the eye ; understanding, intellect;
revision, retrospect ; a great assembly.

A j-tUl asdtir (pi. of istdrat, usturat),
Stories, fables, tales, romances.

a tf£>\~>\ asdtin (pi- of ustuwdnat),
Columns, pillars.

a wAJi isdf, a8df, Name of an idol.

tj*} ds afzun, An iron instrument
for notching a mill-stone.

a JiU asdfil (pi. of atfal), Inferiors,
lower classes, mob ; — asdJUi nds, The lowest
of mankind.

U ( 47 )

a JaSU osa/fa/af, asdkifah (pi. of wia/),
Shoemakers ; handicraftsmen.

Jl*f dsa?, A foundation, basis.

A *JW tstiJat (v.n. 4 of J*-), Causing to
flow or run.

a s~«3U.^ asalib (pi. of uslub), Modes,
manners, ways ; — makdtlbi tanhiyat-asdlib,
Letters in the way of congratulation, con-
gratulatory letters.

o y*jkJL.\ asdlitus, A kind of black
clay which they rub on vines to destroy
insects.

ty*^ ae&liyun (Gr. ercXuw), Parsley.

A. iia/mat (v.n. 4 of py), Sending to
graze ; — usdmat, A lion ; name of one of
Muhammad's companions.

a aadml (pi. of ism), Names;

souls, people ; community, population ;
office, place, appointment ; woman of ill
fame ; harlot, person, individual ; party ,
defendant in a law- suit ; tenant renter ;
substitute, servant ; friend, lover ; custo-
mer, purchaser ; debtor ; culprit ; witness ;
— asdmi'i shikmi, Sub-tenant ; subordinate
cultivator; — asdmi'i ghcrir muetaqil, Tenant
at will ; — asami'i ahair maurusl, Non-
hereditary tenant ; — asdmi'i mustaqil,
Tenant with right of occupancy ; — asami'i
mawrdsi, Hereditary cultivator ; — asdmiwdr,
According to or including all the names ;
singly, separately, in detail.

g asdmis, Wild camomile.

t)M dsdn, Easy, convenient, commodious ;
threads, strings; — dsdn ddshtan, To make
an abatement, to lower the price.

ft dsdn-kdr, Skilful, active, expedi-
tious.

^ dsdn-kushti, yM dsdn-

hushdy, Easy to solve or loosen (a knot,
Ac).

j\iS dsdn-guzdr, Who passes life in
ease, without care, easy-going.

<S)^ t>M asdn-guzdri, Carelessness,
taking things easily.

j£ dsdn-gir, Easy of access, cour-
teous.

J**? dsdn-niyosh, An idle or care-
less listener.

jj*^ asdni. Facility, ease ; repose, sleep ;
easy ; leave.

yAJL.'i dsdnidan, To facilitate, to expe-
dite.

A ijjt.^ asawirat, Bracelets ; riders ; a
company of strangers who settled in Basra.

<jM dsdy, (in comp.) Resting ; ceasing.

yAjj^L,^ d»aydnldan, To give reBt ; to
praise ; to lift.

(j^M dsdyish, Ease, quiet, rest, repose.

tA&SjL^ dsdyish-Jcada, A place of rest.

tjNUfU.^ dm'idan, To rest, to cease.

s-^- 1 ! dedb, dsib, Endeavour, effort ; nail,
claw, hoof.

n— \ asb (S. aiva), A horse ; the knight
at chess ; — asbi tibi, The hippopotamus ; —

asbi bdrut (jkagh.Ui), A kind of fire-work in
the shape of a horse ; — asbi pdldni, A slow-
paced horse; a sumptur; — asbi teerav, A
swift horse ; — asbijang, A war-horse ; — asbi
chubin (a wooden horse), A bier ; — asbi
chaugdni, A horse trained for polo ; — asbi
khards, A horse used in a treadmill ; —
asbi tliil'ati, A horse with trappings as a gift
of honour ; — asbi surkh, A bay horse ; — asbi
sar-kash, A restive horse ; — asbi liisha, A
horse bred from an Arabian sire and an
Anatolian dam ; — asbi magasl, A horse with
small black specks like flies ; — asbi naubati,
A post-horse-, — ash u asbab, A horse and
his furniture or baggage ; — asb u farzin
nihddan, To win (at chess) ; — asbi yam, A
relay horse.

a asbab (pi, of sabab), Causes,

motives ; means ; resources ; implements,
utensils, apparatus, materials, appliances,
machinery ; cloths, apparel, effects, move-
ables, goods, chattels, furniture; luggage,
baggage ; stores, provisions, funds, neces-
saries ; — asbdbi peshah, Implements of trade,
tools; — asbab bar-sdjchtan (bastan, dar ham
chidan), To gather one's belongings, collect
one's chattels ; — asbab ba-ham uftad, One's
things are scattered about, dispersed, in dis-
order; — asbdbi bukhdr, Steam engines (m.c);
— asbdbi jarri asqdl, Appliances for lifting
heavy weights, a crane (m.c.) ; — asbdbi jaiig
(harb), Military stores ; — asbdbi chdy (chdy-
ihwwri), Tea service (m.c.) ; — asbdbi da-
raugar, A reaping apparatus or machine
(m.c.) ; — asbdbi zahmat, Matter of annoy-
ance (m.c.) ; — asbdbi safar, Luggage, ne-
cessaries, provisions, preparations for tra-
velling ; — asbdbi zird'at, Agricultural im-
plements (m.c.) ; — asbdbi jfoik, Physical in-
struments (m.c.) ; — asbdbi kukl, A clock-
work apparatus (m.c).

a asbat (pi. of sibf), Tribes, espe-
cially of Israel.

a £W~A isbd' (v.n. 4 of Completing
the number seven ; feeding upon, or ser-
ving up, the flesh of wild beasts ; giving a
child to nurse; dismissing, setting at
liberty.

a asb-afgan, One who urges his

horse against the enemy, bold, brave.

a JW~^ isbdl (v.n. 4 of J-!—), Letting down
(drawers), untying the knot of the drawers ;
raining copiously; weeping profusely;
coming into ear (corn).

dsbdn, A miller.
aibdnbur, Name of a city,
s — ^ asb-angez, A spur.

ilt~,\ isbah, A large army ; a dog.

,_gjV} ^— ,\ asb-bdzl, Equestrian feat (m.c.)
a horseman.

jV> s— \ asb- tan, Level ground ; the 18th
of the month according to the era of
Jaliilu 'd-din.

(yUf-^ asbatdn, Seed of the wild rue.

1 ( 48 ) v-l

asb-duzd, A horse-stealer.

jjiljj .1 asb-dawdni, Horse-racing.

\<s*yr~\ isbirkhd, Red orpiment (see W-y^).

a asbaq, More or most excellent ;

surpassing; previous; past times, days of
yore.

s jU s — >\ asb-madah, A mare.

<W s — >\ asb-uama (should probably be
jl*> \) ( The trappings of a war-horse ;
anything- which dries up the sweat of a
horse.

s— ^ asb-naubati, A horse belonging
to and ridden alternately by several persons
(see asbi naubati, under s— ■ X).
uebor, Stupid.
A \ usbu', A week.
tjj}f-~A asbunitan (in Zand and Pazand),
To see; to cause to run.

isbah, A troop of horse ; a dog.
Cj^r;-. \ isbakan, Ispahan.

isbahbad, isbahbud, A general ; a
title assumed by the kings of Tabaristsin.

5yi a^<1 isbahbad khwura (khwara),
The rational soul (see niiri isbahbad under

asy, A horse ; the knight at chess ;
— aspi tdzl, An Arabian horse ; — isp, The
hair about the privjties.
ispa, Spa.
ij^U^l aspares — (j~ijt~i q.v.
_j\jL-.Cw\ ispdsddr, Grateful, thankful (see

gUU-.\ ispdndj (G. <rrrwaKiov), Spinage.
ispdniyd, Spain.

J^oU-^ ispdniyol, Spaniard.

ISL^ ispdh, A large army ; (S. dvd) a dog.

y^L^ ispdhdn (now Isfahan), That part
of Persia where the troops were generally
quartered.

Jjst^ ispikhul, Birds' dung ; according
to others = Jj*?-^ q.v.
^Ju~\ igpiddr, A general, a commander.
^IjO s^— ,\ asp-dawdni, Horae-race; race-
course (m.c).

iepar, A shield.

ispard'in, Isfarayin, in Khurasan.
isparad, ispiri d, Coagulated, curdled ;

jell/.

asp-ras, np'rats, y } < T "■* , asp-ras,
isp-ras, A race-course, an open space for
exercise.

uspurz. Spleen, milt ; lingula pu-

dendi.

s— - asparsab, igparsah, <_A-.^-\ aspar-
gaf, isparsaf, A race-ground, an open space.

>J>}~~A ispirish, Completion ; perfection ; a
race-ground.

f£j~-\ ispargkam, asparaghm. Name of an
odoriferous herb; any green herb; ver-
dure ; any fragrant herb.

viSf~«\ isparag, A kind of yellow wood
used in dyeing stuffs ; turmeric ; the water-
melon.

<J*£r?~\ isparlus, isparlos, A palace ; a
hall of justice.

isparam, Any flower or fragrant herb.

s->T isparam-db, Warm water medi-

cinally prepared for washing the bodies of
sick persons ; an embrocation or medicated
bath.

<^K~^ isparang, A city near Samarcand.
^jjtr^ ispariid, A. species of aquatic bird.
ispuroz, aspuroz, Name of a very
high mountain.

6 /r*^ ispra, The river Spree.

isparham. Any fragrant herb.
ispari, Complete, perfect, entire,
whole ; finished, exhausted, annihilated,
destroyed ; — ispari shudan, To be complete,
to be finished, exhausted, or annihilated ; —
ispari hardan, To destroy.

■jl^ igp.rez, aep-res, isp-res, <^ri.f?~\

asp-resh, isp-reeh, A course, a running-place
for horses ; complete, entire.

tr**» A uxpus, A louBe ; a small worm.

aspist, Trefoil, clover.
j\j is~-^-\ aspitst-zdr, A clover-field.
j*c asp-'umr, Life fleeting along as

a horse.

JjV"^ ispag&ol, aspag&ol, yj*y-t iapag&on,
Seed of flea-wort.

usi--\ aspah, A little horse ; the bridge of
a musical instrument.

s £ V"' asp-hurra, A colt, a foaJ.

^ ispaknUy = ^sj 1 ^ q.v.

gAy^ asp-lunj, Goats'-beard (a plant).

a«A* <^^S asp-mdda, A mare.

a .1 upandj, £U$-t ispandkh, g>\->-««1
ispandnj, Spinage.

ispand, Wild rue, which they burn at
marriages to drive away evil spirits; holy.

^av^ ispanddr, A wax-light; (=j\jjaA«,l)
name of Ifandiyar, the son of Gushtasp;
the stay of the sun in Pisces.

ispandarmuz, The earth ; name
of the twelfth month of the Persian year ;
also the fifth day of each month ; name of
the angel who presides over the month and
day Ispandarmuz.

(jj^jlu..! ispandan, Mustard-seed.

ispandydr, Name of Gushtasp's
son ; the angel presiding over the month
and day Isfandar ; the power and clemency
of God.

^y^-l itpanuy, Name of a beautiful slave-
girl of Tawaj, the son-in-law of Afrasiyab.

jfe>-\ uspor, Stupid (see jy*~^).

uspuBty {Jt]#+\ uspush, Name of
the last month of autumn.

s^~>\ aspa, A cold, a horse rising two
years old ; — ispa, A troop of horse; a dog.

y^ w -\ ispahdn, The capital of Persian
Irak.

ft! .fc y \ ispahbad, ispahbud, A general,
commander-in-chief.

^■'it ^, '\ ispahbadl, The dignity of a com-
mander-in-chief (m.c).

v~1 ( 49 )

'jj* - A ny^ ispahbad Jehwura, Speech.
s>l^*~.\ ispichdb, A town in Turkistan.
ispud (S. xweta), White, colourless.
ispcddr, A sort of billow, the

aspen.

ti>*ep-A isped-bd, A kind of broth made of

tbe Juice and small pieces of meat, together

with gpinage, flour, and vinegar.
J «' k **-^ itped-rud, A river in Azarbaijan,
Jf*t~m\ isped-kdr, A worker in tin, a tin-

man ; (met.) an upright, sincere, generous

man.

J*$~^ atjnl, A horse-stealer by profession.

'J'p^ ispayosh, Seed of flea- wort.

— dst (for ^-V), Pr vise, commendation.

is— \ ast, Is (from yOjt bitdan, to be) ; he
willeth, he seeketh ; (abbreviation of adar)
a mule; a bone; a seed, a kernel; — ast,
ud, A commentary on the Zand and Pazand ;
the buttocks ; throwing, flinging ; — ■ i»t
(imp. of istddan), Stand thou ; (imp. of
ittudan), Praise thou ; — net, Throwing,
flinging.

A ut~.\ aet, ist, ust, The fundament, tbe
buttocks.

add, ustd, A commentary on the
Zand or holy scriptures of the Magi or
worshippers of fire ; — astd. Name of a fort ;
— istd, Praising ; an encomiast ; a town in
Samarkand ; — ustd (for ustdd), Master,
teacher.

ittaltk, A green branch ; — mtdkh,
Impudent, audacious, unblushing, insolent,
bold.

jUJ ustdd, A maBter, teacher, tutor ; an
artificer, manufacturer, artisan ; a barber ;
ingenious, excellent, celebrated, famed for
iiny art or work of ingenuity ; enters into
tbe composition of proper names, as ustdd
rahman, Ostad Rahman, &c. ; — ustddi Ichi-
yat, A tailor ; — ustddi haft dsmdn, Master
of the seven heavens, the planet Jupiter.

jWU.^ ustddar, _}WU«^ ustddddr (for
uitdd ad-ddr), A major-domo, steward.

yAe^jU^ istdddnidan, y»»l<Ax«^ istdddn-
dan, To make to stand, constitute, estab-
lish, fix.

(jfjUJ istadagi. Stability ; a stop, a stay ;
— istddagi'i bar an, A failure or want of
rain ; — ustddagl, A trade, a craft ; mastery
of an art.

istddan, To stand, atop, dwell,

halt.

»tf idddan-gdh (vulg. istangdh).

Station (m.c).

ij\aJ\ istada. Standing ; set up, erected ;
a pole ; an ensign-staff ; the prop of a tent-
door.

^jU-^ ustddi, iistd2i, An art, trade,

craft ; workmanship ; excellence, skill in any
art or profession ; — ustddikardan, To work,
to exercise any art or trade.

a ustdz, A teacher,
astdi; Lining.

a j\s~.\ astdr (pi. of eitr), Veils.

istdr (from G. a-rarrjp ?), Four; a
weight of 4^ miskals, or 6| drams.

istdrdbad, J^jU-l istdr-bdd, The
city of Asttlrabad.

<s«£)^-A istdrcha (dim. of the following),
A spark.

istdr a, A star; a canopy ; a geome-
trical rule by which right lines are drawn ;
a kind of guitar with three strings ; name
of a country, and of a fortress in the
Dak'han.

y^.U>.\ istdsiyon, Station (m.c. from Fr.
or E.).

J-iU~\ istfifil (&. <TTa<j>vXrj), A grape.

0 (j-yUJ istdqils, A kind of long sea-
crab.

v*JUv< istdk, A cutting, a slip of a vine.

ustdkar, ^~>\ ustdgar, A skilful

artist.

f,\z~\ ustdm, Saddle ornaments of gold
and silver ; anything to which one can
trust ; a confidant; a prop, a column; a
patron.

yU^f dsitdn, The place where the shoes or
slippers are pulled off ; a threshold ; lying
supine ; a king's court, royal palace ; the
Ottoman Porte ; the tombs of prophets and
other holy men; — dstdn bar khdstan, To
be exalted, elevated ; to be ruined ; — dstdni
sa'ddat, The palace of felicity ; — dstdni 'all-
shun, The Sublime Porte, the court of hi gh
dignity ; — dstdni 'adam, dstdni fand (the
threshold of annihilation) , The world; time;
death ; — dstdni jarddn, The first heaveu,
sphere of the moon ; — dsitdn, Taking a
person's horoscope.

astdn, A place of rest, a sleeping-
place.

y^jj i^-A dstdn-bos, Who kisses the
threshold.

^-j-jU^j dstdn-bosl, Threshold-kissing.

1 Jj-iLi-l istdmbt'd, Constantinople.
yj^iU^l istdndan, To constitute, set up ;

to bring forth ; to take, receive.

«vy yli-f dstdn-rob, Who sweeps the
threshold, rubs bis brow against it.

j^jAJU^ dstdn-nishin, Who sits on the
threshold.

4iU_\ ds-itdna, A saint's tomb ; a
threshold ; — dsiUlna'i ijarddn (gardun), The
first heaven, the sphere of the moon ; —
astdnah, A place of rest or sleeping.

,_5>VxJ( dsitani, Belonging to a hall, or
court,

yjjUJ istdnldan, To keep back, to pre-
vent going.

(jU-^ istay (imp. of istddan), Stand
thou.

a (jW*-' istibdq (v.n. 8 of <Jh~»)i Contend-
ing for superiority in a race; vying with
each other.

£)Isjl.\ istabdn. Seed of the wild rue.

% M '«») (

A ^a-a^I idibddd (v.n. "'.0 of 3j), Absolute
dominion, despotism, usurpation of abso-
lute authority, insisting upon a thing being
done ; obsti.iaev.

a gXi&J, istibda- (v.n. 10 of go>»), Esteem-
ing as new or strange ; producing some-
thing new.

A istibdal (v.n. 10 of J-*»),

Changing ; — istibdal kardan, To change,
exchange.

istabr, Great, thick, big, gross.

a istibrd' (v.n. 10 of Cleansing ;
washing one's hands from a business ; ab-
staining (of a divorced woman) from
sexual intercourse for three months of pro-
bation.

a jV*-^ istibrdz (v.n. 10 of jf), Causing
to come forth ; — istibrdz kardan, To pro-
duce ; to challenge ; to provoke.

a istabraq (P. oe^s-l istabrak) , Thick

silk brocade interwoven with gold ; a kind
of shot silk.

A istibshdr (v.n. 10 of Re-

joicing at, or announcing good news ; —
istibshdr numudan, To rejoice, to express

£Lfe*^ istibshd' (v.n. 10 of £>*>>), Consi-
dering as nauseous, unwholesome, or un-
suitable.

a istibsar (v.n. 10 of Consider-

ing with attention, examining, scrutinizing.

a ietibza' (v.n. 10 of gt*), Sorting

out goods for sale.

a A**z~\ istib'ad (v.n. 10 of un), Think-
ing one to be at a distance ; retiring, with-
drawing.

a pW>*~.\ idibhdtn (v.n. 10 of Being
obscure, ambiguous ; being dumb, or
scarcely able to speak intelligibly.

A istitar (v.n, 8 of t*-), Being hid ;
concealing oneself ; concealment.

a irtitba' (v.n. 10 of £■>>), Wish-

ing or asking to follow ; succession.

A Jtax^ istisqdl (v.n. 10 of Jtf), Op-
pression ; heaviness ; trouble ; importunity.

A ietisna' (v.n. 10 of ^yi), Excep-

tion, exclusion, setting aside, distinction.;
rejection ; saying, "If God will,"

a ,y\i£x~.\ istisnd'i, Exclusive, exceptive ;
exceptional.

a J^v^ istijdbat (v.n. 10 of s^), An-
swering, accepting ; hearing or answering
prayer* receiving a petition.

A istijdrat (v.n. 10 of Im-

ploring aid or protection.

a istijdzat (v.n. 10 of jy*), Asking

leave, soliciting permission. „

Ajl^ istijzdz (v.n. 10 of >».), Being fit
for reaping or gathering (corn or dates).

a *r&+x»\ istijldb (v.n. 10 of Beg-
ging that anything might be brought or
driven to one.

a istijhdl (v.n. 10 of Jv»-), Con-

sidering as ignorant and illiterate.

50 )

a istihazat (v.n. 10 of iA>*0>

Emitting blood (a woman) after the usual
time of the monthly discharge has elapsed,
or at an undue time.

a istihdlat (v.n. 10 of Jj"),

Undergoing a change, change of state; be-
coming, or considering as, absurd, impos-
sible, inconsistent, unreal.

a sjW*--^ istihbdb (v.n. 10 of
Taking a liking to, regarding, loving,
choosing, preferring; contracting friend-
ship ; an action the performance of which
is meritorious and the omission not crimi-
nal, work of supererogation.

a *A>\j^£~.) istihdds (v.n. 10 of
Bringing out or doing something new.

a o\«wx-\ istihddd (v.n. 10 of S»-), Shaving
about the pubes ; sharpening.

a jU^fciJ istihsdr (v.n. 10 of j— »-), Being
exhausted with fatigue.

a yl—^J istihsdn (v.n. 10 of Ap-
proving; praising; taking or considering
as a favour; approbation, esteem.

a kJUki-.! istihsaf (v.n. 10 of
Being confirmed, established ; being ad-
verse and untoward (fortune).

a istihzdr (v.u. 10 of Call-

ing, citiug to appear, summoning before.

a tU*s~\ istihfdz (v.n. 10 of !*»►), De-
siring one to remember, or to take care of,
anything.

a istihqdr (v.n. 10 of jt*-), De-

spising, treating with contempt. „

a jUfcXJ istihqdq (v.n. 10 of j^), Claim-
ing one's right ; deserving, being worthy ;
claim, due, title ; merit, desert ; — istihqdqi
i'dda'i wirdsat, Reversionary title ; — istih-
qdqi infikdki rahn, Equity of redemption of
u mortgage ; — istihqdqi tarika. Eight of in-
heritance or succession; — istihqdqi tarika
bild wasiya, Title to intestate property; —
istihqdqi tashkhlshi jam', Right of assess-
ment ; — istihqdqi taqdimi khariddrl, Right
of pre-emption ;— istihqdqi hifdzati khwiid
ikhtiydri, Right of self-defence ; — istihqdqi
da'wd, Preferential claim ; — istihqdqi da'wd'i
ibtidd'i, Original right of action ; — istihqdqi
zdti, Personal title or privilege ; — istihqdqi
qd'imah, Vested interest; — istihqdqi qabzah,
Right of possession ; — istihqdqi qaddmat,
Prescriptive right or title ; — istihqdqi nifdz,
Right of way ; exercise or use of a right ;
— istihqdqi wirdsati d'indah, Reversionary
title. '

a flXa^-A istihkdm (v.n. 10 of /*^*-), Firm-
ness, strength ; confirmation, corroboration,
ratification ; hardness, tightness, firmness.

a fSta^J istihla (v.n. 10 of l _^«-), Esteem-
ing, deeming to be sweet.

A ulX+fiJ. istihldf (v.u. 10 of <-AU), Ad-
juring, Causing to swear, commanding to
be sworn.

a JW~\ istihldl (v.n. 10 of J"-). Con-
sidering or wishing a thing lawful.

<|T M il

A |»U^x-\ istihmiim (v.n. 10 of jiU-),
Washing in warm water; taking a warm
bath.

A J>\y*?~\ iglikwaz (v.n. 10 of jj=»-), Pre-
vailing against, overcoming.

A igtihya (v.n. 10 of ue<»-), Blush-

ing, being ashame3 ; leaving alive, preser-
ving alive.

£*J intakh, A be-goat.

a istikhdrat (v.n. 10 of

Conciliating the divine favour; looking in
the Qur'an, or any favourite book (as the
poems of Hafiz) for a good augury ; sticho-
mancy ; bibliomaocy ; wishing or asking for
the best ; — igtikhdra'i zati 'r-riqd', Taking
omen by writing on a slip of paper" do it,"
on another "do it not," and drawing after
prayer one of them blindfolded from under
the prayer-carpet where they had been
hidden.

a jWsfei-t i&tiltfcJbar (v.n. 10 of ^4-), Inter-
rogating, exploring, investigating, inform-
ing one's self, asking news, desiring advice.

A |»Uafcx^\ istikhddm (v.n. 10 of Seek-
ing or getting employment ; taking into
one's service.

istakhr, A lake, pool, ditch ; tbe an-
cient Persepolis.

A 5\^iA-\ istikhrdj (v.n. 10 of ty), Caus-
ing to go or come out, expulsion, banish-
ment ; extracting, drawing out, making
come forth; deriving, selecting, choosing.

A UlAjyu.* istikbfdf (v.n. 10 of Oi),
Holding in Blight esteem, making light of,
despising ; indignity.

a y»iafcx-\ igiikhlas (v.n. 10 of y^), De-
siring liberation, seeking liberty ; seeking
to save ; liberation, release ; freedom ; ap-
propriating to oneself.

A^iaix-^ istikhldf (v.n. 10 of «-AU.), Ap-
pointing successors ; leaving posterity ;
drawing water.

ustukhwdn (S. asthi), A bone ;
a kernel, stone of fruit ; a skeleton ; the
foundation of an edifice ; a race, nation ;
the text of a book ; an instrument of war ;
noble ; — ustukhwdn afthdndan, To sow date-
Btones ; to be scattered ; — ustukfiwdn dar
gam shikastan,, ustukhwdn dar gulil (dar
naf) giriftan, ustukhwdn stiri gulu ddshtan
(to get a bone in the throat), To suffer
distress; — ushikhpani chiee bastan, To set
things straight, to arrange well, to bring in
good order; — ustukhwdn skika&tan, (met.)
To suffer the utmost distress.

viSJy! t)\jjts~\ mtukhwdn-buzurg, Nobly born.

jui yljafci»\ uetukhwdn-band, A splint,
fillet.

(jjoj ytjii^ udukhwdn-bandi, The mend-
ing matters, setting things aright, bringing
in order.

u*^/ ^jafc^J u&tukh wan-tar dshl , Divina-
tion by the shoulder-blade of a sheep.

fcjlysfc*-! ustukhwdn-khwar. y^jafcx-^
udukJiwdn-dwid, Vf) (^jafcs-A udrikjiytin-rubd,
y\fi>z~\ ustukhwdn-rand, «*0> 4)\^afc*-\
ustukhwdn rang, A kind of large eagle,
which feeds upon, or carries off, bones;
the Huma, whose shadow is considered
auspicious ; a dog.

<^j**~^ ustuk&wdn-sangin, High-
born, noble, honoured.

<J^* cA**"^ ustukApdn-faroshi, Roguery.
<aUUafci-i udulshwdnak, A small bone.

y^j**->^ ustukhwdn-k&rl, Inlaid work,
mosaic.

a W.w~^ igtiddmat (v.n. 10 of (•>•»), Seek-
ing, wishing permanence ; permanency ;
acting with deliberation, assiduity; soaring
in a circle.

a Si\*zJ\ istiddnat (v.n. 10 of Bor-
rowing, contracting debts, getting in debt.

a Jsax-A irtidbar (v.n. 10 of j»-»), Follow-
ing, coming at the back or rear ; thinking
of the consequences.

a e\|At«^ istidrdj (v.n. 10 of ey J ), With-
drawing or advancing gradually ; seeking
to remove by degrees ; consigning to pun-
ishment; an obstinate sinner on whom
numerous benefits had been conferred.

A »ie!\jAi-.\ ietidrdk (v.n. 10 of »*!;«>), Wish-
ing, endeavouring to comprehend or obtain;
reaching, overtaking, obtaining; compre-
hending, understanding; (in gram.) re-
striction, antithesis, emendation.

a istid'd' (v.n. 10 of y»>>), Asking,

calling upon, supplication, prayer.

a iatidqdq (v.n. 10 of JJ), Being,

minute, fine, thin, slender.

a J3jl=-\ istidlal (v.n. 10 of J->), De-
ducing arguments, getting a clue; asking
reason or proof ; demonstration, proof, argu-
ment.

y.uJ istadan, To rise, stand, or work
standing.

astar, attar, A kind of coarse thin
stuff fit for lining garments ; the inside of
anything, the lining of a garment ; a star ;
— astar (S. asvatara), A mule.

oVj^l astar dbdd, Name of a city in Ma-
zandaran on the shore of the Caspian.

a istirdhat (v.n. 10 of cjj), Quiet,

rest, tranquillity.

ietardr, A lentil.

a sS\f-\ istirdq (v.n. 8 of Ob—), Stealing,
carrying off by stealth; listening surrep-
titiously, overhearing, playing the eaves-
dropper.

\if-\ astarbd, aVr* - ^ astarbdn, A muleteer.

a fWy-^ ietirjd' (v.n. 10 of ^-j), Having
recourse to God ; uttering the ejaculation
(jyj^lj <jjJ \i\ innd li'lldhi via innd

ilaihi rdji'un, Verily we belong to God, and
verily we shall return to him ; asking or
taking back the whole or part of anything
once given.

( 61 )

«—» ( 62

A JW-;*-^ isUrjdl (v.n. 10 of J*;), Asking
to dismount ; to walk on foot.

U.,x-.\ Utirkhci (from GL <roySapaxt?), Eed
orpiment.

A itUr£hd' (v.n. 10 of y^), Hang-

ing down ; being relaxed and flaccid.

A y*Ujx-\ igtirkhds (v.n. 10 of t^-i), Buy-
ing cheap ; regarding as cheap ; leaving,
asking leave.

a .»U>/m\ i«firc?d(? (v.n. 10 of J>;), Demand-
ing restitution of anything, whether given,
deposited in trust, or taken without con-
sent ; revoking, retracting, reversing, re-
pealing; rejecting, refusing; giving back,
restitution.

a <j\«y~.\ istirddf (v.n. 10 of «-*«>;), Ask-
ing to be taken up behind another on horse-
back.

(jjjyu.) utturdan, To shave ; to erase.

a Q «>j*-1 igtiridiyd, An oyster.

a ^)f~\ istirzdq (v.n. 10 of jjj), Asking
for one's daily bread, one's sustenance.

a igtirsdl (v.n. 10 J*^), Being

allowed to hang loose, or letting hang
loose (hair) ; acquiring a habit.

*J>f-\ wsturaeh, A ploughshare ; a hoe.

a ulirza' (v.n. 10 of Endea-

vouring, seeking or wishing to please and
satisfy ; asking or seeking the consent ; wil-
lingness, alacrity ; assent ; acquiescence.

a g^jxJ istirzd' (v.n. )0 of £*>), Inquir-
ing, and looking out for a wet-nurse.

a ielirqdq (v.n. 10 of jj), Keducing

to slavery ; being thin.

>sif~\ istarak (from Q. oriJpa£), Storax.

o *r>>yi~.\ usturldb, An astrolabe.

gjp-^ istaranj, tsWpXj datarang, astarang.
The mandrake.

a x^if-^ istirwdh (v.n. 10 of t»)» Seeking
or finding rest-

astarwan (nmle-like), Barren fe-
male.

f^X^^J, astarunifan (in Zand and Pazand),
To shut, to close.

tjxJ\ uslura, A razor ; — ustura luldan (to
lick a razor), To risk one's life, to evince
daring and temerity.

a v'^V 1 -* islirhab (v.n. 10 of *-i-*j), Ter-
rifying, alarming.

a yVAjiJ idirhdn (v.n. 10 of y*j), De-
manding a pledge or hostage.

a istizdrat (v.n. 10 of yj), .Request-

ing a visit.

a J*y^ istuldl (v.n. 10 of J)), Causing or
wishing one to stumble.

istisrdr (v.n. 10 of J-), Being con-
cealed.

a oU»5-l istis'dd (v.n. 10 of •>*-), Con-
sidering as happy, regarding as fortunate ;
desiring happiness ; asking assistance.

a »\£ — istisqd' (v.n. 10 of t^-), Asking
for water, offering up public prayers for
raiu ; asking for drink ; dropsy ; — ittisqd'i

) <MMm)

tiqqi, The anasarca wfwgo't tabU, Tym-
pany ;—irti*qd giriftan. To be afflicted with
dropBy.

a .. » A istitqd-qirifta, Dropsical.

A j«3Ua») istirtam (v,d. 10 of Sub-
mitting to the authority of another, giving
way to his judgment.

a iatismdw (v.n. 10 of <j»»-),

Judging, or discovering to be fat; asking
for butter or something fat.

a JV- **t ietis-hdl (v.n. 10 of J*-), Being
or considering easy ; rendering easy.

a SjU**l isUsharat (v.n. 10 of jj*), Con-
sulting, asking advice ; deliberating ; con-
sultation.

a sJljis-* ietishrdf (v.n. 10 of >-*/•), Rais-
ing the head to look at some object ; screen-
ing the eyes (with the hand) from the glare
of the sun; testifying to anything noble
and perfect.

A jUj^u.\ istwh'dr (v.n. 10 of j**), Put-
ting on the garment shi'dr ; being appre-
hensive and concealing one's fears.

a jUjuJ ittishfdr, Intercepting the men-
strual discharge.

a gVfc&aJ istishfti' (v.n. 10 of Im-
ploring (one) to intercede, begging (his)
intercession.

a f\*&z*\ isktishmdm (v.n. 10 of p*),
Wishing to smell, smelling.

a >>\y£L^ istishhdd (v.n. 10 of •H*'), Tak-
ing evidence, summoning witnesses ; bring-
ing testimony or proof ; falling a martyr or
witness for religion.

a C^!-^-^ istisbdh (v.n. 10 of ft""), Trim-
ming a lamp ; asking for a lamp.

a ^jW^iJ istiskdb (v.n. 10 of *^-**), As-
sociating with, becoming sociable ; wishing
for or inviting the company of any persou.

A u>\fX-\ istisraf (v.n. 10 of -*/•), Pray-
ing (God) may avert.

a istv^mtigk (v.n. 10 of £*■•), Ex-

tracting gum.

A istisnd' (v.u. 10 of £*-), Requisi-

tion of workmanship, forced labour, press-
ing into service.

a ittiswdb (v.u, 10 of ^y), Ap-

proving, thinking well of, esteeming
right; asking or requiring what is right;
consultation, reference ; inquiry ; taking
the opinion of ; — isliywdb hxrdan, To ap-
prove; to consult; to refer to.

a jWut istiz'df (v.n. 10 of <-***), Find-
ing weak ; oppressing.

a JS*t~\ istit&r (v.n. 8 of Delineating,
writing.

a SjUosJ istitdrat (v.n. 10 of Dif-
fusing itself abroad (the dawn) ; spreading
abroad (news) ; giving flight (to a bird).

a istitd'at (v.u. 10 of Being

able, capable; submitting, yielding, obey-
ing, complying with; power, ability.

a ietit.dlat (v.n. 10 of JjL), Power,

Vh**al (

ability ; possibility ; compliance ; submis-
sion, obedience ; dependence.

A j>\ : fasj\, istitrdd (v.n. 10 of Aiming
at one thing and getting another; feigning
a retreat before the enemy ; incident.
< A utitrdf (v.n. 10 of «-»», Con-

sidering a thing as new ; producing some-
thing new, original, singular, or striking.

A istitW (v.n. 10 of gtt>), Seeking

information, inquiring.

a j5ka«.\ ietitldq (v.n. 10 of (3^), Diar-
rhoea, looseness, flux.

o (j -lViT i.ij istatlus, Jews' pitch.

a Jb!b>-\ irtizjdl (v.n. 10 of Jt), Longing
for or sitting in the shade, shaving one's
self; hanging over, impending.

a istizkdr (v.n. 10 of y^), Seeking

assistance, asking for help; help, support;
power; remembering; repeating by heart,
reciting ; — isiizhdr dashtan ba-chizi. Being
supported by anythiug, being backed up
by it.

a Ij\<uu\ isti'ddat (v.n. 10 of Jjc), Re-
peating ; coming back ; begging one to
repeat, or do anything over again, or to
come back; wishing to make a habit; being
accustomed to, having the habit of.

a iiWu.\ itti'dzat (v.n. 10 of ty), Fleeing
from evil to good, from the devil to God ;
seeking refuge.

a isti'dr (v.n. 8 of j*-), Being

lighted, blazing (a fire) ; spreading, being
diffused (war or mischief).

A BjW-\ itti'drat (v.n. 10 of Borrow-
ing ; using a word metaphorically ; a meta-
phor, a trope.

A &Wx-\ idi'dnat (v.n. 10 of qj*), Asking
assistance, imploring help, seeking aid ;
removing the hair from the pubes ('dnat).

a oV-juJ uti'bdd (v.n. 10 of •*?*), Redu-
cing to slavery, treating as a servant or slave.

a v>W»*-l isti'jdb (v.n. 10 of s-**), As-
tonishment, wonder.

a J^**x-1 isti'jdl (v.n. 10 of J**), Has-
tening, accelerating, ordering one to make
haste, stimulating, despatching any busi-
ness soon; wishing or endeavouring to
make haste.

a |»l>*s~\ idi'jam (v.n. 10 of ( »* c ) ) Keep-
ing silence, not responding, being unable
to speak distinctly.

a j\juu-1 isti'ddd (v.n. 10 of ■**), Pre-
paring, making preparation, getting ready
tor; skill, aptness, aptitude, merit; means;
mental powers, talent, parts.

a fUscL.t igti'sdm (v.n. 10 of Clasp-
ing; putting a strap to the water-bag.

A uti*c~\ itti'taf (v.n. 10 of oil*), Beg-
ging one to become favourably inclined,
courting one's favour.

a isti'zdm (v.n. 10 of f&*).

Thinking highly of, admiring ; rendering
great; taking the larger part.

58 ) —J

a Mrji~.\ igti'fd' (v.n. 10 of J**), Seeking
to be excused ; asking forgiveness, depre-
cating ; resignation ; — idi'fa kardan, To
resign, to abdicate.

a yV*«s-\ isti'fdf (v.n. 10 of «-**), Ab-
staining from what is forbidden, restraining
oneself.

a <***J isti'ld' (v.n. 10 of Superio-
rity, exaltation ; seeking promotion.

A eIUxJ i$ti'ldj (v,n. 10 of gl*), Be-
coming hard (the skin) ; seeking a cure, a
remedy.

a f>i**~\ isti'ldm (v.n, 10 of ^), Asking
i for information or news.

a isti'ldn, Making known, adver-

tizing.

A jUjtx_\ isti'mdr (v.n. 10 of j**), Causing
people to inhabit and colonize.

A JUjuJ isti'mdl (v.n. 10 of J**), Caus-
ing to work ; work, employment ; use ; prac-
tice, usage, custom, observance ; fashion.

a isti'mdli, Used ; worn, second-

hand ; usual, customary ; tit for use, prac-
tical.

a *»Us~\ iitighdsat (v.n. 10 of ^•j t ), Call-
ing for help, imploring assistance ; de-
manding justice, seeking redress ; com-
plaint, suit.

a ^j\axJ\ igtighrdb (v.n. 10 of s-^*),
Wondering; amazement, wonder.

a istitihrdq (v.n. 10 of ijj*),

Drowning, overwhelming ; being immersed,
absorbed, wholly engaged in; lien, mort-
gage-

A i^Uas-.! istigkshdsh (v.n. 10 of i^rty,
Considering as false and insincere.

a ^UaxJ igtighfdr (v.n. 10 of yk*), Asking
forgiveness, begging pardon ; deprecation ;
mercy ; deliverance ; — isiig&fdr khwdstan
(kardan), To ask forgiveness, beg pardon,
pray for mercy.

a astaghfiru 'lldh (I ask par-

don of God), God forgive me ! God forbid !
(m.c.) not at all ; on the contrary.

a MUU ietig&lag (v.n. 10 of Find-
ing (cloth, &c.) coarse, and for that reason
declining to purchase it.

a J&AsJ istighldl (v.n. 10 of J±), Order-
ing (one's servants) to carry home grain
(gkallah) ; receiving grain from those who
bring it.

a »U±iJ istiijhnd' (v.n. 10 of or 1 *)' Being
independent, and able to do without ;
wealth, opulence ; contentment ; showing
contempt (m.c.) ; — istig&nd bdlidan (khwur-
dan, zadan, kardan), To be independent of,
to be able or obliged to do without a
thing ; to hold in contempt.

a istigindm, Seeking or possessing

booty.

a SjVaU ietifddat (v.n. 10 of -**»), Seek-
ing profit or advantage ; gain, profit, advan-
tage ; attainment, result.

( 54 )

a ajUAJu^ istifdzana, Profusely, abun-
dantly.

a Li\is*A istifdzat '(v.n. 10 of u 4 **). Desir-
ing abundance or profusion; superabund-
ance ; being spread abroad, divulged.

a istifdqat (v.n. 10 of js/), Re-

covering from indisposition, ebriety, pas-
sion, or madness.

q\AsJ\ igtifan, A river ; (from G. <TT(<f>avoi)
a kind of diadem studded with jewels.

a .UAxJ istiftd' (v.n. 10 of j*>), Consult-
ing a lawyer or mufti, asking for bis fatwa;
taking a legal opinion.

a e^*M istiftdh (v.n. 10 of ffi), Asking
assistance ; opening ; conquering.

A ^\yks~.\ istifrdz, Making one active ;
causing to slip.

A £\]>>z-\ iatifragh (v.n. 10 of Vomit-
ing, evacuating, rejecting, clearing out the
stomach ; belching ; straining every nerve,
exerting every endeavour.

a istifsdr (v.n. 10 of y~i>). Asking

an explanation, seeking information ; in-
quiry, question, interrogation ; investiga-
tion, search, reference ; — ittifmr kardan,
To interrogate, etc.

a y£j\~iAm\ istifsdri, Statement of a pro-
secutor subject to investigation.

(jjUaiJ ietifndn, A nettle.

istafa, A pregnant woman ; any
animal big with young.

A (.*^As~.\ ietifhdm (v.n. 10 of ^), De-
siring to know or to be taught, informing
oneself by asking questions ; interrogation.

a istifhami. Interrogative ; in-

terrogatory.

a iutexJi istiqdmat (v.n, 10 of |»ji)> Stand-
ing erect ; acting uprightly ; rectitude,
integrity ; stability, durability ; firmness,
constancy.

A Ji-^^ istiqbdl (v.n. 10 of J**), Going
forth to meet, encountering ; meeting and
receiving a visitor ; reception, welcome ;
futurity ; future tense ; — istiqbdl kardan, To
go or come to meet.

a j^oix*^ istiqddm (v.n. 10 of (•■*»), Pre-
ceding ; wishing to get before.

a »\yu-\ istiqrd' (v.n. 10 of <jy»)» Follow-
ing ; making diligent search.

a istiqrdr (v.n. 10 of 5 s ), Settling,

fixing a residence ; establishment ; requir-
ing or calling for a settlement or affir-
mation ; confirmation, ratification, recog-
nition.

a yA^jfcu^ istiqrdz (v.n. 10 of y*/), Borrow-
ing.

a ietiqsd' (v.n. 10 of y<*), Using

every effort to get to the knowledge of any-
thing ; curiosity ; the utmost limit of any-
thing.

A yeL>ia-.\ utiqsds (v.n. 10 of j*), De-
siring one to retaliate.
A JXax-\ istiqldl (v.n. 10 of J»), Taking

up one's baggage ; esteeming little, consi-
dering as small ; absolute authority, sove-
reignty, despotism ; firmness, resolution,
constancy ; persistence.

a U'iMx^ istiqldldna, Absolutely.

a (J JSUuu.\ istiqlali. Invested with autho-
rity ; confirming in possession.

a istiqwds (v.n. 10 of yy 5 ), Bend-

ing through age.

uftuqilu, Name of an ancient hero.

b y^&u\ istakdn, Glass, tumbler.

a istikdnat (v.n. 10 of ey*), Hum-

bling oneself, submitting,

a istikbdr (v.n. 10 of Being

proud ; pride, conceit, presumption, arro-
gance.

a sAa£~\ ittiktdb (v.n. 10 of s-J^),
Asking or ordering one to write ; dictating
(a letter).

a jUSo-t istiksar (v.n. 10 of Wish-
ing or asking for much ; finding or con-
sidering much.

a istikrali (v.n. 10 of »/), Abhor-

rence, aversion, loathing ; reluctance.

a istikehdf (v.n. 10 of --J^)

Requesting anything to be made manifest,
or laid open ; discovery, exploration ; —
istikahaf numudan, To try to investigate, to
inquire into,

a JUSx-^ istikmdl (v.n. 10 of J**), Com-
pleting, perfecting; wishing anything
finished, perfected, completed.

J^*l fatal, A fish-pond, a lake, a pool.

a JSa-A istildl (v.n. 8 of J~), Drawing
(a sword, &c).

a p\x~\ istildm (v.n. 8 of Touching
the black stone of the Ka'bah with hand
or mouth ; prostration, kissing the hand.

A jUiiJ ittilhdq (v.n. 10 of iJ«J),
Adopting, claiming as a son.

g 1 *-^ istalkh, Lake, pond (in the dialect
of Karabagh for ancient , Ar. fi£*A j
see J*~^).

a istilzdz (v.n. 10 of jJ), Tasting,

relishing.

a f\£L*\ istilzdm (v.n. 10 of Requir-
ing, rendering necessary ; necessity.

a istilqa (v.n. 10 of J&), Falling

on one's back.

(*3~>\ istam (for /•*■*), Oppression, injus-
tice.

a istimd (v.n. 8 of £*-), Listen-

ing, hearing, giving ear ; tiding, report,
rumour.

a igtimdlat (v.n. 10 of Je*) f Ca-

ressing, conciliating, giving good words,
soothing, gaining the favour of anyone ;
solace, consolation, comforting ; encourage-
ment.

A £ \ . \ * z* ) igtimtd' (v.n. 10 of 5**), Reap-
ing the fruits, or receiving the usufruct
enjoyment (of a woman).

a jl**s«.\ Utimkhar (v.n. 10 of

1 ( 56 ) — .1

Facing the wind and snuffing it up (a
horse).

a j\i**s«.1 istimddd (v.n. 10 of Ask-
ing supplies, subsidies, help; — istimdad
farmUdan (kardan), To ask for help or
assistance.

a vdimrti (v.n. 10 of Digest-

ing one's food, finding it very digestible.

a isiimrdr (v.n. 10 of y>) , Conti-

nuation, continuance, perseverance ; per- I
pctuity, permanence ; fixed rent, not liable
to alteration.

a j\o jV* -5 *^ istimrar-dar, Holder of a
farm or lease in perpetuity.

a iSj^)**-^ wtimrari, Perpetual, continua-
tive.

A idimzaj. Sounding one's temper

or intention ; asking an opinion ; asking
after one's health.

a us)L.*£^ istimsdh (v.n. 10 of *aX«^»),
Holding ; refraining.

a t^**-^ igiimldh (v.n. 10 of ^*), Find-
ing or esteeming good, agreeable, beautiful.

a JSua-\ istimldl (v.n. 10 of J*), Being
wearied, bored, annoyed ; finding (a thing
or person) annoying or troublesome.

UJ px~\ istam-numd (for Ui ,»*-), Op-
pressor.

a J*v»*-1 iatimhdl (v.n. 10 of Jv*)> Peti-
tioning for a delay, begging respite, asking
for time.

deiin, The sleeve of a garment.
ustun, A column, a prop.
a >>U*»\ idindd (v.n. 8 of ), Leaning
against, supporting oneself by, or depend-
ing on.

a istindrat (v.n. 10 of jy), Shining,

glistening.

a U<J£"^ istimbat (v.n. 10 of W), Causing
(a spring) to flow; drawing out, extrac-
tion; deduction; drawing a conclusion.

t Jj*'*^ wtambul, Constantinople.

**ix~t istamba, Thick, coarse, hideous ;
strong, powerful, brave; the night-mare;
a demon ; quarrelsome.

a jUw-^ idinsdr (v.n. 10 of yi>), Drawing
up water through the nostrils and dis-
charging it again.

a istinja' (v.n. 10 of j<f), Wash-

ing or cleaning oneself after easing nature ;
waking water ; the private parts.

a jlqsiiA-'l igtinjaz (v.n, 10 of j<rO. Asking
for the fulfilment of a promise.

y.ux-\ istandan, To take, to receive.

t JiJw*-^ istindil, Tenedos, in the Archi-
pelago.

a Jty*«^ istinssal (v.n. 10 of Jy), Sending
down ; descending from one's -station.

a $ — istinsakh (v.n. 10 of £~>J),
Muting to transcribe, to copy.

a jI*Jj<-\ ietinshdq (v.n. 10 of O^),
Drawing up water through the nostrils ;
snuffing up the air, or odours.

a istinsdr (v.n. 10 of /•*), Solicit-

ing aid, asking supplies.

A j^Us-\ istintdq (v.n. 10 of ^jfd), En-
dowing with speech ; trying to make one
speak.

a >j\ku^ istinzdf (v.n. 10 of vJto),
Taking all ; deeming clean or neat.

a istinqdz (v.n. 10 of i»), Libe-

rating, emancipating, rescuing ; putting to
, a distance.

a istinqd' (v.n. 10 of g»), Plow-

ing into a place and stagnating (water) ;
steeping in water; quenching the thirst.

a u/JL*m\ istinkdf (v.n. 10 of <-A#), Dis-
daining, refusing, rejecting.

a Aff-A istiwa' (v.n. 8 of Being
straight and even ; equality ; uniformity ;
parallelism ; what is level, plain, even ;
coming to maturity ; tending towards,
ascending.

ustuwdr (S. sthdvara), Firm, strong,
solid ; faithful, true, worthy to be relied on ;
faith, truthfulness; perfection, completion ;
equality, evenness ; — ustuivdr ddshtan, To
rely on, to believe ; — ustuwdr shudan, To
stick fast and firmly ; — ustuwdr kardan, To
fix, to confirm, to make strong.

ustuwdr-band, Binding, tying,

fixing.

<^yJ uslnwdri, Strength, firmness, con-
stancy, resolution; corroboration; — ustuwdri
dd.dan, To give firmness, strength, security.
ustuwdri, Firm, solid ; trustworthy.
a\ftJ\ ustwwdna, A cylinder.

j ast u bad, Particulars.
y\jyxJ\ ustuddn, A mausoleum of the
Guebves ; a tomb, a sepulchre, a cemetery.

jjxJ[ ustur, A horse, mule, beast of bur-
den.

yljjyu.t unturbdn, A horse-keeper ; barren.
CfX^A ustfim, A bulrush,
yjs-l uetiin, A column, beam, mast; a
kinsman (son-in-law, father-in-law) ; odori-
ferous grass.

istuh, uduh, Wearied, dispirited,
sorrowful, afflicted, overwhelmed with
ennui ; weariness, lassitude, sadness ; afflic-
tion.

(jjx^ ustuun, The backbone.
ta~\ asta, aeta, A kernel ; a bone ; — dsta'i
khurmd, A date-stone ; — ietih, Contention,
altercation ; — istuh, Dejected, dispirited,
tired ; — usta, The buttocks.

a ietihdm (v.n. 8 of /n-*), Casting

lots.

a »\ J^*-t istihdd' (v.n. 10 of ^±*>), Asking
a gift, or guidance.

a ietihddf(v.n. 10 of »J.i*), Being

a mark or butt ; setting oneself as a mark
or butt (for criticism, &c.) ; being straight.
gj^su-J istihdan, istihidan, To squabble.
jit)#t~\ ietahrueh, A kind of eagle.
a Ay^A istihssd' (v.n. 10 of *fy*), Deriding,
joking, sneering ; jest, joke ; scorn, scoff.

a u\ytZm\ ittihzdno, Scornfully, deridingly.

a dJVJ istihlak (v.n. 10 of *sU*), Ruin-
ing, destroying, consuming, expending;
seeking the death or ruin of anyone.

a J\*-l istihlal (v.n. 10 of J*), Appear-
ing of or seeing the new moon; giving the
first cry (infant,) ; falling of the first rain ;
being drawn (sword).

a istihwd' (v.n. 10 of i^j*), Be-

witching, seducing, bewildering, stupefy-
ing.

Q *et p»y istihidan, To quarrel, litigate,
Btrive.

tj^A dsti, The sleeve of a garment. j

\+z~>\ istiya, A mountain between Herat '
nnd Ghazna. :

a istiydq (v.n. 8 of Driving, I

urging forward.

a istisdq (v.n. 10 of Wishing

anything to be firm ; making firm.

a s^f*^ istijdb (v.n. 10 of s-^), Being
worthy, fit.

a ^l***^ istikdsh (v.n. 10 of u*»j), Ex-
periencing care, sadness, or terror; being
hungry.

istikh. Tall and straight (column).
a #<V-^ istidd' (v.n. 10 of £Jj), Request-
ing anyone to keep a deposit ; depositing ;
deposit.

yA^xJ istTdan, To stand; to begin.

istula, Standing,
j<y~\ astir, A weight of 6£ dirhems (see

i^s-t istizah, Controversy, quarrel, anger.

a JW-I ietisd 1 (v.n. 10 of g-j), Being
wide, roomy, capacious, large enough.

a jW*"'^ istisdq (v.n. 10 of (3-j), Being
collected, complete, right.

a JUix-l isti'sdl (v.n. 10 of J-t), Eradi-
cating, erasing, exterminating, ruining.

a ^.U^juJ isiT'db (v.n. 10 of s-^j), Taking
(the whole) ; extirpation ; calling in a cus-
tomary present.

a oUsiJ istifd' (v.n. 10 of <j*j), Demand-
ing and receiving the whole of what is due ;
performance of a promise ; renouncing,
relinquishing, resigning (an appointment).

a jUaJi-.^ istlfde (v.n. 10 of y_>), Squatting
on the tips of one's toes.

a uA^s^ istifd? (v.n. 10 of Run-
ning fast; making haste ; causing to make
haste, driving.

a j^sa-^ istlfdq (v.n. 10 of iP)), Im-
ploring or seeking divine guidance and
grace.

a jVa^ istiqdd (v.n. 10 of Ju>j), Kindling,
lightning.

a Ua*xJ istlqdz (v.n. 10 of Ui), Being
awake ; awakening

yl^i^ Milcdn, Glass, tumbler (m.c. from
R., see qI&uJ).

a istild' (v.n. 10 of ^1.), Having

entire power or authority ; predominance.

conquest; authority, ascendency, domina-
tion ; — istild dddan, To give authority, power
over.

i***-^ dutim, A sleeve ; blood from a
wound; a healed wound; a poultice; the
orifice of a bottle ; — aatim, A sleeve ; the
mouth of a bottle; — iatim, A wound af-
fected by the cold and swollen j cold which
causes a wound to swell ; a wound healed
on the surface and full of matter within ;
pus, matter.

a yUSi-) isti'mdn (v.n. 10 of yt), Beg-
ging protection, taking refuge.

(ftr-A dstin, A sleeve ; — dstin an chashm
(az dida, az muzha) bar ddshtan, To weep
openly ; — dstin az dur bar ddshtan, To call
out to, to inform ; — dstin az dahan bar
ddshtan, To burst out laughing ; — dstin
afshdndan, To dance ; to confer favours ;
to abandon, refuse, shake off ;— -dstin bald
zadan (kardan), To prepare for work, to
make ready; — dsidn bold shudan, To be
prepared or ready for work ; — dstin ba bini
giriftan, To cover the nose so as not to smell
a thing ; — dstin bartar kardan, To draw
one's hand in, to abstain from injuring;
— dstin bar jabiii {bar chashm, bar dida)
kashidan, To soothe, to show sympathy ; —
dstin bar chashm (bar dida) guzdahtan, To
weep secretly, to hide one's tears; — dstin
bar chidan (bar zadan, bar shikastan, bish-
kastan, pichidan, inalidan), To tuck up one's
sleeve, i.e. to prepare for business ; — dstin
bar dahan ddshtan, To cover one's mouth ;
to laugh in one's sleeves ; — dstin bar rukh
kashidan, To cover one's face; — dstin bar
sham' (chird/jh) zadan, To extinguish a candle,
a light ; — dstin bar gundh kashidan, To pass
by a fault; — dstini postin, Pault, blemish;
— dstin tar ddshtan, To shed tears; — dstin
terlz kardan, To draw one's hand in; —
dstin shushtan, To weep profusely ; — dstini
kutdh, A garment without ornaments ; —
dstin giriftan, To compel one to work for
nothing ; — dstini gal, A sleeveful of roses,
a nosegay ; — dstin na-ddshtan, To be utterly
destitute.

a ,j-Ua~.\ igti'nds(v.n, 10 of (j~^), Beiug
intimate, familiar; familiarity, intimacy,
sympathy.

a <_*U£i-* ieti'ndf (v.n. 10 of Uii\), Com-
mencing ; an exordium, beginning, com-
mencement.

<*~>M dstina, <Sj*x~\ istina, A bird's egg.

yA-^-s-A ietihidan = q.v.

a \ aejd' (pi. of saj'), Rhymes, com-
positions in rhythm ; cooings of turtles.

a isjdl (v.n. 4 of J*~), Pilling (a

cistern) ; giving; making lawful, allowing.

g SjVitaJ ashdra, Mallows.

a ,jsU>~l ishdq, Isaac ; — (v.n. 4 of ^3*-)
Becoming threadbare ; shrinking after
milking (the teats) ; drying up.

a as ham, Black.

H <

j-y isihdra riimi, A thorny grass.

A VhM Unfit (v.n. 4 of W-), Enraging,
infuriating; annoying.

a a_\ agad, A lion ; the sign Leo ; sur-
name of the Khalifah Aii.

A *\*-\ ieda (v.n, 4 of ^<*-), Conferring
a favour, doing a kindness.

asad-dbdd, A city near Hamadan.

A U>\im\ isdaf (v.n. 4 of <-»>*«.), Letting
fall a veil ; showing light (as the dawn) ;
lighting (a candle or lamp) ; growing dark
(night).

A Ji.u\ atddl (pi, of sidl), Veils; curtains
and coverings of a litter;— (v.n. 4 of J-*-.)
Letting down a. veil or curtain.

rA d*ur, A thriving field (of corn) ; a low
fellow; mean.

A y\ asr (v.n.), Creating ; taking cap-
tive ; (s.) a chain ;— agar, Glass.

A AfA itrd' (v.n. 4 of ^sy), Travelling
by night ;- utard' (pi. of asir), Captives.

asrdr (pi. of sirr), Secrets, myste-
ries, confidential concerns ; —(pi. of earar,
turar) Lines, creases, lineaments on the
face or palms of the hands ; — asrari mmin,
Plants; — mar (v.n. 4 of j~>), Concealing,
keeping secret ; concealment, suppression ;
secrecy, secret, mystery ; influence of :in
evil spirit : revealing or divulging a. secret,
disclosure.

a asrari, Mysterious (rn.c.) ; —

ajzd'i asrdrlyah, Mysterious ingredients
(rn.c).

A gtjJ itrd' (v.n. 4 of £/-), Making
haste, being quick ; causing or ordering to
make haste, hastening, quickening ; having
swift- paced camels.

a ^J\fJ, igrd,f (v.n, 4 of -Jy-), Wasting,
lavishing; excess, extravagance; prodiga-
lity, lavish expenditure ; abuse of wealth ;
dissipation, ruin.

gr <-i\j~\ israf, A slave.

a J**^ inr&jil, The angel of death, who
is to blow the last trumpet; a seraph.

A Jctlj-A isrdyil, Ja^j-^ im'd'U, ig-
rdyin, t>*fl^ isrd'in, Israel.

a v>j-^ uerub, uarubb, Lead ; — ugrubi gu~
ddihiak, Molten lead.

ft usrubi, Leaden.

^>j->\ mrup, Lead.

U.jJ itirkkd — ^-y-^ istir&hd.

a asm 1 , More or most swift, swifter,
swiftest, fleeter, fleetest, quicker, quickest ;
sooner, soonest.

a uijJt usmf, Lead.

jijJ iirinj, Cinnabar, vermillion, red
lead, sandy t, burnt ceruse (of which they
wake an ointment for wounds) ; cymbals.

v>j»-^ im-o»h. An ange\ ; an agreeable
voice ; name of the 17th day of the month.

teu )r .\ iiroshanah, nsrushanah, Name of
a city in Turkistan.

a usrii', A line traced on a bow ; a
kind of worm (found among pot-herbs).

57 )

u~tyA dsns, i^.fA itsrish, A race-ground.

p£-tj~>\ isrisham, Q-lue, gum, isinglass.

a u-~-\ asas, A foundation ; — news (pi.
of ams), Foundations.

a utarat, A fable, fiction ; any-

thing trifling.

istabr. Thick.
istabl (G-. <7Ta/3Xtov), A stable.

g «Aasi»~\ istakhdur, Rosemary.

jtiM istakhr, Persepolis.

uBtur (G. o-rarrip), A balance; name
of a king.

q i^J-iyoJ istardghilus, A die, dice.

fyk.\ istarabh, A lake ; Persepolis.

\i.ja~\ astirkhd, Bed orpiment.

•v>!iSjk-\ -mturltib (G. a.oTpo\aj3ov), An as-
trolabe; — usturldbi chahdrum, The sun.

\ifijaj\ vgturnund (G. acrTpovofiia) , Astro-
nomy.

a. asta', Long-necked (ostrich).

^^JSiJ igtaflin (G. ora<j>v\.ivos), A carrot.

a i^J^a~,\ igtajln or ustafin, A carrot.

y-ik-A utt aqus (G. arotxelov) > A- 11 element ;
a heavenly body ; nature, temper ; prin-
ciple, rudiment ; geometry ; — ugtuqasdti
(ustaqdfi, ustdti) uqlidas, Euclid's Elements.

a wtuwdn, &\yo~.\ vstwwdnat, A

column, pillar; the leg of a quadruped;
veretrum ; a portico supported by pillars;
— iistuwdni mustadlr, A round column, a
cylinder.

o .j»jjjijlo-\ ustuk^udiia, French la-
vender.

jj!=~\ ustur (G. Itrropia), A fable, story.

o (^^\ uetun, A carrot.

a w'ai(v.n. 4 of Making happy
or prosperous, blessing, favouring, assist-
ing, seconding, supporting, aiding.

a ag'dr (pi. of si'r), Prices ; — ig'dr
(v.n. 4 of y~), Fixing the price, assizing.

x UUJ W at {v.n. 4 of !=*->), Injecting
medicine into the nostrils ; pierciug with a
spear .

a .JUJ ig'df (v.n. 4 of <-A*~), Promoting
or finishing any business.

a J*-\ ag'ad, More or most happy ; for-
tunate, auspicious.

a t^iU-l wjhdb (v.n. 4 of s-*~), En-
during hunger and penury.

dsa.ahda, asagkda, Prepared, ready ;
— dsuQhda, A fire-brand, half-burnt wood.

CjAiAAj asaijhdldan, To fashion, finish.

yu\ uecfkur, A»jA~.\ uggjiurna, &^*~«\ usgltura,
A porcupine.

a «-M asaf (v.n.), Grieving exceedingly ;
being angry with ; sadness, grief, anguish ;
— ag'if, dsif, Grieved, indignant, angry.

j^U-^ asfabdr, A city founded by Nushir-
"wan.

a } W aefdr (pi. of safar), Journeys,
voyages, travels, adventures ;— (pi. of sifr)
Books, volumes ;— w/dr (v.n. 4 of /-),
Breaking (dawn) ; shining, becoming light,
bright, splendid.

8

oU ( 58 )

asfdr, Name of a country said to be
crossed by a river that flows during six
months and is dry during the other six
months ; — iefdr, Myrtle.

a er 1 *)^ 4 —^ iefdrainly, A native of Isfa-
rain.

O b^U-^ iafanaj, or —
£ltuu»\ iafdndkji, Spinage.
fti\t~\ asfambur, Name of a city.

daufta, A fire-brand, quenched

brand.

*>**-A asufda t Prompt, ready.

(t**~\ asfadih, Port-charges.

gtykj isfirdj (G. currapayos), Asparagus.

isfardyin, Name of a city in Khu-
rasan.

s . asfrasb, or —

<~&~yu\ asfraef, A race-course.

pjt-A isfaram, Myrtle ; any odoriferous
plant.

g>y*->^ isfaranj, or —

<s£}jt~.\ itfarang, Name of a district in
Saraarcand.

itfarud, The bird called qatd in
Arabic, the sand-grouse.

syL.\ atfura, Prompt, ready.

<j - .» *" \ iafiat, uafvat, A medicinal plant

^yi— isfisli, Abounding in iafiat.

x JA-\ aafal, Lower, lowest ; inferior ; —
asfalu 's-sdfilin, The lowest hell; the lowest
of the low.

a gU*-\ isfindj, Spillage ; — isfindji rumi,
Ornch.

yLA^ ufandn, The sides of the vulva.

yUwA-.\ ujaniamdm, Excellent, choice ;
name of one of Zardusht's ancestors.

&>*->\ iafanj (G. OTroyyos), A sponge ; a
kind of dumpling.

&fr - »A^ iafanja, A sponge.

j^M-A is/and, A species of rue ; name of
a province of Nisbabur ; name of the
twelfth month ; — isfamdi isfed, White mus-
tard-seed.

isfanddr=the following.

.i*j\.xuu\ iafanddrmuz, Name of the
twelth month of the solar year ; name of
the fifth day of every month ; name of the
angel who presides over the twelfth month ;
the earth.

isfandmui, Name of the third of
the five intercalary days used in olden
time.

^jlul.\ isfandydr, The son of Gushtasp,
of the first dynasty of Persian kings ; name
of the genius who presides over the day
and the month iafanddr ; divine power and
goodness.

a^vt-l iafahbud, iafahbad, A general, a
commander-in-chief; a title of the kings of
Persia.

s.ji. jL. y i..\ isfahbud khwara, Speech.

iefahtaldr, Commander of an

army.

s'Wo*-' isfijdb, Name of a city in Turk-
istan.

isfed, White, bright, splendid.
sj\> V, , a ...\ isfeddb, ov —

e 1.i_a_.\ isfeddj, White water, ceruae, a
paint used by women.

a (,/>U>y\ ^^>A-.\ isfedddu 'r-rasaa, Whit-
ing.

isfeddr, The white poplar; the

aspen.

IfAsAj isfed-bd, a**^ isfed-bdj, A kind
of dish made of meat, onions, butter,
cheese, Ac, or of bread and milk.

u^Aj isfed dasht, Name of a village.

<j \J>y<£~,\ isfayilah, Seed of flea-wort.

a tU^ asqdt (pi, of saqafi, Goods, fur-
niture of little value ; — isqdt (v.n. 4 of
Satt-), Causing to fall, dropping, letting fall ;
casting her young (a camel) ; miscarrying,
miscarriage ; producing an abortion ; —
isqdti hamal, Miscarriage, abortion ; pro-
ducing an abortion.

o juu\ isqdl, A squill ; a wild onion, a
Bcallion.

a f\a~\ asqdm (pi, of saqam), Diseases,
infirmities; — isqdm (y.n. 4 of ^iu), Making
sick.

a i-As-) atqaf, Tall, large-boned (man) ;
— usquf, usquff, A bishop ; a chief of the
dlwdn, head clerk.

o Ja-\ asqal, Squills.

o j-Vs4«-f asqalbiyda, The plant asclepias.

o (jJolM isqaltus, Jew's pitch.

a y-ieU-.! iaqillnua, Galenns, the Greek
physician ; sclopendrium, hart's tongue.

A*-**-^ ieqirriba, Satan.

isqanqur (G. o-za-yicos), The skink
(a kind of lizard).

usqii/r, The water used for religious
ablutions ; a porcupine.

g yy^jfi-l u8qurdiyiin. Germander (a
plant) .

o uaqiirun, Dross of metal, iron

scoria.

a jljfl-^ uihulu, The sea-cow,

a (jajlyu^ usqulua, Glue, starch.

(jyjjAiijlyu^ iaqulufandariyiin (G. a-Kokortv-
^piof), Sclopendrium, halt's tongue.

o Je4-\ isqil, A wild onion, a scallion.

«*M daak, A place near Arrajan,

«aJU^ isk or aak, A courier, a post-horse.

a. ialedt (v.n. 4 of «*-*-), Pacifying,

soothing, silencing ; assuaging, allaying.

a iakdr (v.n. 4 of j*~), Intoxicating

a uML*\ iskdf (v.n. 4 of l - 4 ^-«), Being a
shoemaker or a mechanic in general ; (s.) A
shoemaker; a workman, mechanic.

yiJULJ iakdliah, Thought, reflection ;
thoughtful, imaginative.

a gl£_\ irkdn (v.n. 4 of (j^-), Giving
repose ; stilling, quieting ; making (a let-
ter) quiescent, depriving it of a vowel.

u\sL.\ iak&na, The calf of the leg.

askdwand, A mountain in Sistan,

<AU (

askuddr, uskuddr, iskztdd.r, A cou-
rier, a postman ; a relay of post-horses or
letter-carriers ; a postman's bag ; name of
a tinpr ; Scutari.

6>>»j£-l askardan, To bruise, to grind.

d?~>\ iskirk, The hiccough.

*)SJ\ ushara, uskarra, A saucer, platter,
dish.

K unkuffat, A threshold.

iskala, Landing-place (m.c., from
It. scala, Fr. echelle).

(jjUCil iskandn, The sides of the vulva
(see o^Aw^).

6**-^ askanj, Fetid breath.

•u£~>l ew&awcZ, A rope-dancer ; rope-
dancing.

y\.u£.\ askanddn, A lock ; a tomb-Btone.

GjAii»\ iskand-ar, askand&r, Alexander,
said to be the son of Dara, who married
Nahid, daughter of Pllqus (Philippus).
On account of her fetid breath, her husband
sent her back to her father, who cured her
by the use of iekandarus, Garlic, whence her
son's name.

*A^i.u£j igJcandar-dbad, Name of a town
founded by Alexander in Eastern Persia.

8 y^jy^iC.^ iska.ndarus, Q-arlic ; name of
the mother or son of Alexander.

a iskandari, Alexandrian.

a SjjAaS-^ iskandarlyat, Alexandria in
Egypt (sixteen cities of thiB name are
ascribed to Alexander).

iskinak, A wimble, an auger.

»au£ ,j4 ds-kunanda, Revolving mill-
wheel.

iskana. An auger ; the thigh,
tj&J, iskana-rdv, The sides of the

thigh.

t askwdr, Scutari (in Turkey ).

ttskukh, Buying ; separation.
p£~\ iskix, 6)-£«.l iskissah, A kick, caper,
bound.

t ji-l aski gardy, The old palace (in
Constantinople).

usgur, A porcupine.

ojZ-A dsgun, The Caspian ; name of a
country.

a. risal, A tree having long prickles ;
it spear ; any long prickle or thorn.

a »Ju\ isl&' (v.n. 4 of Comfort, conso-
lation.

a *Jk.\ asldf (pi. of salaf), Those who
have gone before ; ancestors; — islaf (v.n. 4
of <~&L), Sending in advance; paying be-
fore due, or in advance.

a csl!L.\ iddk (v.n. 4 of wsU—j, Inserting
one thing into another. ,

A JSu< isldl (v.n. 4 of J~), Theft ; visit-
ing with consumption ; drawing the sword.

A islam, (v.n. 4 of /^—), Yielding
obedience to the will of God. resigning
oneself to the divine disposal ; embra-
cing the religion of Muhammad, conversion

59 )

to the Muhammadan faith ; Islamiam, Mu-
hamniadism; orthodoxy.

t J^X,\ isldmbid, isldmbol, Constanti-
nople.

t ieldmbuli, isldmboli, Of or be-

longing to Constantinople.

a ^5"^ isldmi, Faithful, orthodox; a
Muhammndan ; an Ottoman ; — ahkdmi is-
Idmiya, Precepts of religion ; — mamdliki
isldmiyah, The Ottoman Empire.

a Sm asalat, The point of a spear ; the
tip (of the tongue or elbow).

A &*J~.\ aslihat, asliha (pi. of tildh),
Military arms, weapons, implements of
war, armour.

a u^- AaJ~.\ asliha- kiwna, Armouries,
arsenal (m.c).

a jtj— \ aslakh, Bald-headed ; very red.
a aslam, Safer, safest ; — aslatni

shuqiiq. The best course to pursue.

aslanj, Horse-tail (a plant).
sjjI-^ udab, A kind of food ; name of a
sage and a king ; name of a philosopher.

a uslub, Order, arrangement, way,

mode, means, measure, manner, method ;
form, figure, shape ; a lion's neck ; a pro-
minence of nose.

a ^ usluban, Methodically.
a uelub-ddr, Methodical, well-

arranged, well-proportioned, symmetrical ;
elegant.

a g AW istiqun, "Vermillion, red lead .
^j+^M i&Mmi, A species of painting.
A fir*} ism or usm, Name, appellation,
attribute (ismi a'zam, ismi 'azim, The
name most high, the great name, the name
of God; — ismi bd musammd, Worthy of
the name it bears, whose name is expressive
of its qualities ; — ismi jaldli, Name indica-
tive of the divine power ; — ismi jamali,
Name indicative of the divine goodness or
beauty ; — ismi zdt, Name indicative of the
divine essence ; — ismi sdml, A noble or
exalted name ; — ismi si/at, Name indicative
of a divine quality, attribute) ; noun, (ismi
ietifhdm, Interrogative pronoun ; — ismi
ishdrat, Demonstrative pronoun ; — ismi dlat,
Noun of instrument ; — ismitdnrm, A perfect
noun ; — ismi iasyMr, A diminutive noun; —
itndtankir, Indefinite pronoun; — ismi tafzU,
A comparative or a superlative noun ; — ismi
jdmid, A primitive noun ; — ismi jam'. The
plural number; — ismi jins, A generic <>r
appellative noun ; — ismi lamdn. Adverb of
time ; — ismi zamir, A pronoun ; — ismi zarf,
Adverb of time and place ; — ismi 'adad,
Numeral ; — ismi fd'il, Noun of agency ;—
ismi fi't, Verbal noun, infinitive; — ismi
kasrat, Noun of multitude ; — ismi mubd-
laijha, Nou ti of excess, or intensity ; — ismi
marra, Noun ot unity ; — ismi mushtaqq, A
derivative noun;— wswii masdar, Noun of
action, infinitive; — ismi musaghgJiar, A
diminutive noun j — ismi muzdf, A noun in

construction ; — ismi ma'drif. A determi-
nate noun ; — ismi ma'/ia, An abstract noun ;
— ismi maf'ul, The passive participle ; —
iemi makan, Noun of place ; — ismi mansub,
A relative noun ; — ismi mausul, A relative
pronoun ; — ismi nahra,, An indeterminate
noun ; — ismi naw', A specific noun ; — ismi
wasf, An adjective ; — ismi wi'a, Noun of
the vessel) ; — ism burdan (dar kardan),
To pronounce one's name with praise ; to
win a name(in,c.).

U-A asind (for ^U.^), Heaven ; a high
place ; name of a place.

a a$ma' (pi, of ism), Names, nouns;
— asmd'iafal, Verbal nouns ; — asmd'ihvsnd,
asmd'i 'v^ma, The ninety -nine names or at-
tributes of God ; — isma' (v.n. 4 of j*-> ),
Naming, calling.

dsmdr, ismdr, The myrtle-tree.

a asmar (pJ. of samar), Nocturnal
conversations, evening entertainments,
stories.

A I»U-A atmat. Single or thin breeches,
not stuffed or lined with cotton, &c. ; single
shoes, slippers, or sandals.

A gU-.\ asma' (pi. of sam'), The ears ; —
isma' (T.n. 4 of £*— ), Causing to hear, re-
lating ; reproaching, reviling ; accepting,
approving ; singing.

a JecW~\ ismil'il, Ishmael, son of Abra-
ham.

Js^W-A ismd'il-dbdd, Name of a vil-
lage near Kharran.

a i-ljcU— \ iama'ilryat, Name of a sect.

a JU~A asmdl, Old, worn-out garments;
— iemdl (v.n. 4 of J*-), Mating peace,
composing differences ; being old and worn
out (a garment) ; cleaning a cistern.

yUJj dsmdn (S. asman), Heaven, the
celestial orb ; the ceiling of a house ;
name of a genius who presides over the
2?th day of every Persian solar month ;
name of the angel of death ; — dsmdni
akhehekh, dsmdni dunyd, The orb of the
moon ; — dsmdni barin, The ninth or upper-
most heaven ; — dsmdn a% kujd wa rlsmdn
az hujd, " Where is heaven and where
is the rope?" a proverbial saying em-
ployed when falsehood is opposed to truth
(hence ; dsmdn az rmvdn na-dclnistan, To
be entirely wanting in discrimination) ; —
dsmd.n-rd ba-abra ma-posh, Do not try to
conceal what is beyond concealment ; —
usmdn-ru ba mmin dokktan, To stitch the
sky to the earth (met. UBed to express the
highest skill in archery) ; — dsmdn-rd zamln
kardan, To raise dust; — dsmdn-rd edrukh
kardan (to perforate heaven), To bring
about something momentous ; — nsrndn,
»urakh na-khwahad shud, Nothing extra-
ordinary is going to happen ; — dsmdni
gfairew, The thunder ; — dsmdn u resman,
An evasive, incongruous, or impertinent
answer.

60 ) ^\

A M U ismdn (v.n. 4 of y*~«), Possess-
ing fat cattle, being fat.

cjU—f dsmdn-pdya, Of heavenly rank
or dignity.

ts^H tA*-*^ dsmdn-paimdy, Measuring the
heavens; travelling through the heavens,
•^j*?, y^*-^ dsmdn-paitoand, Sky-reaching.
*W dsmdn-jdh, Of heaven-like

dignity or power.

s->U<*. dsmdn-jandb, Majestic as

heaven.

J^U—^ rismdnjurii, A sapphire, hya-
cinth.

•pj> yU-.^ dsmdn- kjiez, Rising up to heaven.
»jjJU«\ dsmdn-dnra, The galaxy, milky
way.

dsmdn-raf'cd, High or exalted

as heaven.

yU-Ji dsmdn-sair, Travelling in the
heavens.

s^Ua yV*^ asmdn-skitdb, Swift as heaven.
w-Ao yU-Jt dsmdn-sifat, Heaven-like,
^ji yl^Jj dsmdn-qadar (qadr), Powerful
as heaven.

y£ yU— ^ dsmdn-glr (catching or inter-
cepting the sky), A projecting roof, an
arbour, a bower.

j!sjl» yU-Jj dsman-manzar, Of heaveuly
aspect.

v>U yU-4 daman-nab, Pure as the sky ;
heaven-iike.

J*) <^*-A dsmdn-wash, Heaven-like.
<uu— ) dsmdna, A ceiling, roof.
jjiU*-^ dsmdni, Heavenly, azure, hya-
cinth ine.

^yU—Tf dsmditi-tir, A meteor, a falling

star.

y^3 dsmdni-zabdn, The language of

angels ; angel-tongued, eloquent.
a y*~\ asmar, Brown, tawny, dusky.
a y^^t-A amnardn (dual, the two browns),
Wheat and water.

a J**<-A isma'll, Ishmael, son of Abra-
ham.

A y*~! asman, More or most fat.
•a^-A demand, Lying ; bewildered, fright-
ened, confounded.

a.u,..A asmand, A v.llage near Saiuarcand.

asmandar, A salamander.
a ;V»-A ism-wdr, (Entry in statements)
according to the order of individual names.

a {~p4-.\ asmusu, Sort ot marjoram ; wiJd
carrot.

dsmoyA (Z. asfomaogJta), Kanie of a
demon sent out by Ahriman to propagate
discords in families, law-suits among neigh-
bours, aud wars between princes.
dtsima = q.v.
a (_y*J ismi, Nominal (as opposed to ver-
bal) ; by name, named.

1 anau, A garment turned ; an unripe
melon.

a dsiu, asiu, Corrupted, stinking
wiiter.

(

ijjjU-^ iendpui = ^j.^,,.^ q.v.

i««a(i, Name of the 26th day of
every mouth.

a asndd (pi. of tanad), Credentials,
vouchers, warrants ; grants, charters,
deeds, docuineuts ; — isnad (v.n. 4 of -^-),
Alleging on the authority of another ; at-
tributing to.

a |»UJf imnm (v.n. 4 of j*^-), Rising
(smoke); blazing (fire).

a amdn (pi. of sirm), TVeth ; the

points of spears ; — isnan (v.n. of y— ),
Being advanced in years.

^Sf^~^ isnapul = ^^S^X q.v.

dsinistdn, aanistdn, aeiniaittdn,
Waraiq's father-in-law.

u*~} dsni — ^5-^ q.v.

a Jyt.^ asnd, More or most high, or sub-
lime ; more or most brilliant.

y\ dau, Tl>e ermine; a toot; — asu, A
part, side; — urn. Robbery, seizure.

aswdr (C. a^pbar), A horseman; a
soldier who fights with the hatchet or
mace ; name of a mouutain from which the
Nile ib said to spring.

a )\f \ as-war (pi. of sur), Walls of a city ;
— uewar, A bracelet.

oyV^ asw Q' r U A mode of warfare with
hatchets and maces.

aWjJ aswat (pi. of saufl, Scourges,
whips.

_>y^ asubdr (in Zand and Pfizand), A
horseman.

A iswat, usrmt, A chief, leader, dis-
tinguished uixti, paragon.

a aswad, Black ; blacker, blackest ;
more or most illustrious or powerful ; a
sparrow ; a large kind of black serpent.

a aawaddn, The two blacks, as

dates and water ; a serpent and a scorpion.

^ojJ^dsiidagi, Quiet, repose, tranquillity.

gjjJi dsudan, To rest ; to be satisfied,
refreshed, regaled ; to die ; to quiet, pacify,
silence ; to lose moisture, to dry.

IJyA Ciauda, Peaceable, quiet, at rest,
asleep; — deilda u dzdda, Quiet and free.

Jjj~\ usitda, Feeling, handling, touching.

JL. usuda-hdl, Tranquil ; full, re-

plete.

)f \ aswar (in Zand and PazanJ), The
day before yesterday.

a usuti (v.n. of (;>— \), Changing
taste and colour; delaying; seeking a pre-
text ; taking after the father.

M dsa, Tillage, sowing; a field ready for
sowiug ; liquorice root ; bone of a hsh ;
mill-stone.

A vV-^ is-hdb (v.n. 4 of w-vOi Talking
much, babbling ; losing one's senses (from
a venomous bite) ; travelling in the deBert ;
taking the lead (horse).

A JW-^ ia-hdl (v.n. 4 of Jir-), Purging,
producing a diarrhoea ; dysentery ; an ape-

61 ) ^1

rient; — ia-hdli khun, ia-hdli damaan, A
bloody flux.

a pv^ ia-hdm (v. i). 4 of Casting lots.

a Jif~\ as-hal, More easy, easier, easiest,

i^A asi, The wife of a man who has
another wife, a rival wife.

a ^jJ| dsi, Melancholy, solicitous, sorrow-
ful ; a physician, surgeon.

W-^ deiyd, A uiill-st jue; a mill (deiyd'i
bad or bddl, a wind-mill; — daiyd'i dost or
dasti, A hand-mill) ; — deiyd az gard vftad,
The mill has ceased to turn, things go
wrong ; — dsiyd ba-dbi khisr (as dbi ti ] d, ax
dbi gauhar) ml-gardad, Things are in a
flourishing condition, one is powerful,
wealthy, honoured, &c. ; — daiyd ba-khiin
ml-gardad, The mill is turned with blood,
(met.) a calamity befalls ; — dsiyd dor gard
oat, The mill turns rouiid, is at" work, things
go well;— dsiyd tex kardan, Notching a
mill-stone ; — dsiyd kardan, To grind.

a* yd, Black ; (in Zand and Pazand)
a breast.

yjT Wt dsiyd- dzhan, An iron instrument
for notching a mi 11- stone.

»i->W-^ dsiydb, jWT deydv,A. water-mill; —
dsydbi bddl, A windmill (m.c.) ; — dsydbi be
db, A mill without water.

dniydbdn, A miller.

itu. \ deiyd-khdna, A water-mill.

Oj dsiyd-xan. A millwright ; the fun-
nel of a mill.

4>j { ^e-A dsiyd-xana, An iron instrument for
notching a mill-stone.

nJU- dsiyd-sang, A mill-stone.

A ^J^J\ asydf (pi. of eaif), Swords ; — (pi.
of sif) Shores.

jS'ljy^ dsydgar, A mill-wright; a miller.

^/V^} dsydgarl, The business of a miller,
or of a mill-wright.

U\e~\ usit/dna, dsydna, A wbet-stone.

■-i-*-^ dalb, Trouble, molestation, pertur-
bation, misery, calamity, wretchedness,
affliction, hurt, injury, damage, loss ; dis-
sension, discord, sedition ; the shock or
concussion of a body of men, pressing
upon, struggling, or fighting with one an-
other ; (dsthi jaib, Connection) ; — dsib uftad
(dmad, maid), Pain has been inflicted, a
calamity has befallen ; — dslb khpurdan
(kashidan, yd/tan), To be afflicted, pained,
iujuied ; to suffer calamity ; — dalb roadn-
idcm (zadan, kardan), To inflict pain or
injury.

h-^T dsibi nazr, dsib-nazr, A fatal
accident in consequence Ol witchcraft.

j^h-*-! dsib-kdr, luflicting pain or in-
jury, cruel, tyrannical.

jt~\ asir, Name of a fortress.

a (jW j-J asir-jdy, <«^- je~1 aalr-khdna,
Prison.

a ash; Bound ; prisoner, captive,
bondman; — asiri tab', A sensualist; — asir
Jem-dan, To make prisoner.

<dp~.\ aeirak, A slice of melon.
a p& f*~\ amr-glr, Taking prisoners ; a
slaver.

a- (jtje-^ aevri, Captivity, slavery, bondage.

a Ufce-A aaif, Grieving, sorrowful ; a
servant, a hired labourer, a mercenary ;
naturally lean and weak.

A usailim, The vein running be-

tween the little and ring finders, salvatella.

fHrA aeim (in Zand and Pazand) . A man
of rank.

aeima, Astonished, amazed, stupe-
fied, confused; dark.

£Ua 4**-.^ dslma-dimdgh, Crack-brained ;
drunk, intoxicated.

jL. i*irA dmma-sdr, y deima-sar
(comp. ***~\j~.), Giddy; astounded, con-
tused.

asyus (G. dWios Atflos), A soft
yellowish stone which stings the tongue in
tasting ; saltpetre.

Qt*-A dsyun, Stupefied, astonished ; dark;
intoxicated.

dsiya, Name of Pharaoh's wife who
educated Moses.

\JJ\ ash (S. as'a), Meat, victuals, viands,
soup, broth, gruel, pottage; drinking, a
drinker ; — dshi bddardi, A dish called after
Badard, a place in Khurasan; — dshi bacha-
gdn, Castor (a medicine given to infants) ;
— ash pukhtan, To Btir up one against an-
other; — dehi tatmdj, A kind of vermicelli
dish; — dshi tazwir (parhee), Gruel for the
sick ; — dshi ta'ziya, A dish distributed to the
neighbours and poor on a day of mourning
(as on that for the death of Husain) ; —
dshi tu dar kdsa'i iust, Your food is in your
bowl, i.e. your living 1 or lot is provided for;
— dshi jav, Barley-water, water- gruel ; —
dehi kAalili {kh/aUli 'lldh), Pottage of
lentils; — dehi kJiumdr, A "pick-me-up"
from seediness after drinking ; — dshi khair.
Pood bestowed on the poor by way of a
pious foundation ; — dehi daqiq, Rice-gruel;
— dshi dam-pukht. A kind of pottage; —
dshi 'dshfird, A dish distributed to neigh-
bours and the poor on the 10th of Muhar-
ram (in remembrance of ihe death of
Husain (sen dshi ta'xiya above and ta-AA) ;
— ash kardan, To cook ; — deh kashidan, To
prepare a banquet ; — dehi masmr, Rice-
broth given to one convalescent ; — dshi
mawiz, A decoction of raisins.

\J>\ ash (added to a noun ending in soft »
he, i.e. not sounded), His, her, as khdna
ash, His or her house.

^ dshd, Like (= V-S q.v.).

A ishdh, ush&h, A sword-belt ; a

sash.

a S»Afc\ iskddat (v.n, 4 of •»**), Elevating
a roof or building; raising the voice, call-
ing with a loud voice ; giving information.

a SjW ish&rat, ishdra (v.n. 4 of
Pointing, nodding, beckoning with the

62 ) u^l

hand or eye ; a sign, token, mark, signal,
wink, nod, or wave with the hand ; allu-
sion, hint, clue; insinuation, innuendo; love-
glances, ogling; dumb-show, pantomime;
— ishdra shudan, To be mentioned, pointed
out, hinted at ; — ishdrat farmud, He made
a signal ;—4shardt kardan. To point out,
make a sign, hint, intimate.

a (jWM ashdsh. Rejoicing ; mirth, eiulta-
tion.

a S*W ishd'al (v.n. 4 of fte*), Publishing,
divulging, diffusing, spreading about or
abroad.

t jsW ashdq, ushdq, A boy, a slave.
r>M dsham, Potation ; victuals ; water in
which rice has been boiled ; spare diet; the
country of Assam ; (in comp.) a drinker,
as sharab-dshdm, A drinker of wine ;
dehdmi mumwwar, A thin broth for the
sick, water-gruel.

ashdm, Food sufficient to support

life.

tAA-Wj dshdminda, A drinker, a sipper.
aVUil dshdmidan (S. cham with prep, d),
To drink, to sip.

jji^Ul ashdmidani, Anything drinkable,
fit to be drunk or sipped, a beverage,
w-^ dshab, dehb, Name of a place.
a <*-«*\ ashb (v.n.), Reprehending, abu-
sing, Teviling ; mixing, mingling.

A cW*^ ashbdh (pi. of shabah or thabh).
Bodies ; persons, objects.

A jW*^ ashbdr (pi, of ehibr), Spans.
a £W*^ ishbd' (v.n. 4 of Satiating,
satisfying, filling up; dyeing (cloth), im-
pregnating (it) with a sufficient quantity
of colour.

a JW*t ashbal (pi. of shibl), Whelps of a
lion or other wild beast ; — ishbdl (v.n. 4 of
J**), Showing favour or fondness ; drop-
ping young ones (lioness); declining a
second marriage that she may attend to
the education of the children of her de-
ceased husband.

a ashbdh (pi. of shibh or ehabah),

Likes, equals ; resemblances ; — ishbdh (v.n,
4 of *■+*), Being or making like.

Cjjat-At ishbk&iin, A kind of dock (plant).
Jf*^ ushbul, Caviar.

aehbu, A chafing-dish.
Jj*A\ ushbul, Caviar.
ash-pot, A cook.
mhpus, A louse.
<s-*>s^ iehpisha, A moth, a weevil.

ashpagtur, Seed of the herb flea-
wort.
<*l-*>\ ashpdk, or —

wehpul, Roe of the sturgeon, caviar.
a ashpaldt.us, A prickly shrub.

ishpAkhian, yzie^ ishpek&tan
(S. spris), To sprinkle, scatter.

4*afc>_*i\ ishpekhta, Sprinkled, scattered;
aspergula (Ladies' bed-straw),
^•t uehtd or ishtd, and —

ut~£»' (

s^baA athtdb, ishtab, Haste, despatch.

a tt»UM ashtdt (pi. of ghatt). Dispersed ;
—Mtat (v.n. 4 of >*>*), Dispersing.

•>Ut.l asftMi (Z. arsfrcf). Name of tbe 26 th
day of the month, and of its presiding
anget ; a section of the book of Zardusht
(Zoroaster).

j\s*A ushtar, ishtur, Haste.

^bAl ishidftan, To hasten.

<*&)Ufct ishtalang, The ankle ; dice.
vsht&v, iehtdv, Haste, despatch.

a *JW**\ ishtibdk (v.n. 8 of <*W*0, Being
intermingled and ravelled.

A slfiM ishtibdh (v.n 8 of <M>), Being
obscure, doubtful, and ambiguous ; doubt,
suspicion ; ambiguity, obscurity ; scruple ;
likening, similitude, comparison ; (in
comp.) like, resembling, as falak-ighti-
bdh, Resembling heaven, high as the firma-
ment.

a ^fc^sM ishtibdhi, Suspicious, doubtful,
ambiguous.

a olAiM ishtiddd (v.n. 8 of St>), Being or
making strong, firm ; confirming, strength-
ening, increasing in violence ; vehemence,
force, impetuosity ; intensity; obstinacy.

a aehtar, One who has inverted and
relaxed eyelids.

ushtur (S. ushfra), A camel.

a JjiM ishtird' (v.n. 8 of ^sA), Buying;
selling ; trade, barter ; commerce.

t*\f*>\ mhturdba, A kind of woollen gar-
ment.

a leljiM ishtirdt (v.n. 8 of Imposing
conditions, stipulating.

a ^\^*,\ ishtird k (v.n. 8 of ^/>), Partner-
ship, fellowship, participation, communion ;
hotnonymy ; — bar wajhi ishtird.k, In a part-
nership way, by division.

6 jV^ uihturawa, A kind of woollen
garment.

fc>Vj-s*»^ ushturbdn, A camel -driver or
keeper.

<u^y^ ughturbdna, A garment made of
wool and camel's hair, worn by the kings
of Persia.

uthtur-bin, Quick-sighted.

ij^f*^ ushtur-pdy, Penny-royal.

jU. yu,\ ughtur-khdr, A thorn eaten by
oamels.

jV" f*^ nMur-khwdr, A serpent ; a tick,
camel-louse ; a thorn of which camels are
fond.

jW yj*\ mhtur-ddr, A camel-keeper or
owner, one who has the charge or manage-
ment of camels,

^jjiM ushtur-ddri, The keeping of
camels.

Jjj**i\ wihtur-dil, Camel-hearted; timid,
pusillanimous ; malicious, revengeful,
spiteful.

V*jr*"^ ushtur-zahra, Timid, slow, lan-
guid.

63 ) — a.1

^ijii.X ushtur-gkdz, Root of the assafcetida.

nghturak, A small camel ; a wave.
\£ ashtar-kd, A griffin.
ft f±\ ughtur-ijdv, or —
*±<jlj jVJ ashtar-gdv-palang, The ca-
meleopard, or giraffe.

U$ vshfuv'tjiyd, A thorn eaten by
camels.

vxhtnr-murgh, The ostrich.
fj>.\ nshtnr-mur (camel-ant), An
animal in form like an ant, in size equal to
a sheep.

\j,jzt>\ uxhtvr-wd, A covering of camel's
hair.

ushthrwdr, A camel's burden ;
camel's hair.

£)f*>\ vshturriyk, A herb eaten by camels.
a J\*»\ ishti'al {T.n. 8 of J«*0, Burn-
ing, blazing ; conflagration ; lighting a
fire or candle ; fomenting, instigating a
quarrel ; — igkti'dl ydftan, To kindle (intr.),
to blaze up.

a «eUUx»,\ ishti'alak, A small flame ; a
quarrel.

a JUi»,\ ishfigidl (v.n. 8 of JA».), Oeu-
pying, employing oneself; occupation, em-
ployment, business, study ; distraction.

a ishtiqdq (v.n. 8 of 0^), Deriva-

tion, etymology.

a jjiUsil ithtiqdqi, Derivative.

ishtah, Swaddling clothes.
a el£s&\ (v.n. 8 of Lamenting, com-

plaining, bewailing.'

O <j.j)1«.\ ightildbtm, <j*j>\za\ ishtildyfig,
Aspalathus.

Ujaeliil ishtalhund, A sceptre.
fX&\ ushtulvm, Severity, violence, oppres-
sion; a forcible seizure; — ushtvlum a war-
dan (kardan, kashidan), To force, oblige,
conquer, overcome ; to rule, regulate, (o
reign despotically ; to fight.

dghtim, ashtim, The pus of a wound.
a JUs&\ iehtimdl (v.n. 8 of J+*), Consist-
ing of, comprising, comprehending, con-
taining.

sV&Ja^ dshtan-gdh, A necessary, a privy.
ashtu, A finger; charcoal; — vshtu,
Herbage ; a finger.

\yz*\ ashtuwd, A live coal ; a chafing-
dish ; — ushtuwd, Herbage.

U\y^\ unhtuwdna, A finger-ring.

aghtawad, Name of the second of
the five intercalary days added to the Per-
sian year ; the day on which the sun enters
the sign of the Scorpion.

Pjz*-] dthtum, Pease-haulm or straw ; a
besom of the same.

ifj>>\ dshtuh, ashtuh, SyiAl ashtiira,

A bitter, thorny plant, of wnich camels
are fond.

a »l^*6.\ ishtihd' (v.n. 8 of y^), Wishing
for, longing for ; appetite, desire, wish ;
hunger.

(

a ishtihdr (v.n. 8 of /v*>), Publish-

ing, divulging, blazoning abroad ; publi-
city, public notice; notification, proclama-
tion; advertisement, placard, poster; fame,
report, rumour, renown ; — ishtihdr dashtan,
ishtihdr shvdan, To be famous, conspicuous,
known, noted, notorious, clear, evident ; —
ishtihdr kardaii, To publish, proclaim; —
khwurshed ishtihdr, Clear as the sun.

ishtihdr-ndma, A proclamation.

a (^jV*^ ishtihdri, A person who has
absconded.

(jjifc^ ashti, Peace, concord, reconciliation.

a <-*W**^ ishtiydf (v.n. 8 of Look-
ing with out-stretcbed neck ; watching (the
lightning) to discover whether it will rain.

a ishiiydq (v.n. 8 of Jj*), Wish-

ing, longing, desiring, craving, yearning ; —
ishtiydq kardan, To desire ; — 'arzi ishtiydq
u mahabhat kardan, To express love and
nffection (at the beginning of letters),

jWx*.! ishtiydq-ndma, Letters expres-
sive of desire or affection.

(i\Ar i uT 24 ^ dshti-khwdran, tyf. dshti-
khwdra, &jy±- dshti-khwara (khwura),

Sweetmeats sent from one to another on a
reconciliation.

^-*»>^ ashlhn, ishllm, Pus, matter ; — ishtrrn.
Drawers.

dshtinah, An egg.

a aahajj. Broken -headed.

a jW*^ ashjdr (pi. of shajar), Trees ; —
ishjdr (v.n. 4 of Abounding in or

producing trees.

a ashja', More or most brave; in-

trepid, brave, warlike.

a fW*^ ishhdm (v.n. 4 of Giving
fat to eat.

ashkhdr, Potash ; sal ammoniac.

a ashkhas (pi. of shakhs), Per-

Bons, bodies; individuals; people; — ish-
khds (v. n. 4 of y***"), Sending; disturb-
ing ; speaking evil of one absent ; passing
above the mark (an arrow) ; being arrived
(the hour for setting out on a journey).

a p\ti*\ ishkhdm (v.n. 4 of f^), Turn-
ing sour (milk).

Ailtf. dah-khdiiu. A kitchen, a cook's
shop.

y^j»A^ ashkhuwdn, A sort of dock
(plant) ; — ishkhiwdn, ushkhuwdn, A Lud, a
blossom.

yjsi*! ishkhun, A sort of dock.

(jOoiA^ ishkhis (G. i£ia), The tree called
'alak bv the Arabs.

a m& askadd, More or most vehement ;
very violent or severe ; excessive.

dsh-ddr, Holding food (a platter,

Ac).

a jJ*t ashduq, (eloquent (orator).

a j±\ ashar (v.n.), Exulting, rejoicing;
being proud and insolent;— ashir, Exult-
ing, rejoicing, sprightly ; proud, insolent.

a )*A asharr. Worse, worst ; more or

64 )

most wicked, vicious ; more or most ma-
lignant, atrocious.

a s-*V^ ishrdb (v.n. 4 of vj*"), Mixing ;
causing to imbibe, imbuing; making deep
(a colour) ; (one colour) being mixed with
another ; imputing, ascribing, telling a lie
against, chargiug falsely.

a *x>\4\j*A ashrdbdt (for shardbdt), Drinks
prohibited by the Muhammadan law.

a ashrar (pi. of sharir), Wicked,
criminal, sinful, seditious.

\fi>\j*\ ishrda, A plant of which shoe-
maker's or binder's paste is made.

a ashrdt (pi. of short), Mean, low,

base, vile ; — (pi. of sharat) Signs or
marks (by which men or cattle are distin-
guished) ; — ishrdt (v.n. 4 of l»y»). Marking
cattle and sending them to be sold ; pre-
paring, making ready.

a gy>^ ishra' (v n. 4 of £>*), Opening (a
door) upon a road ; pointing (* spear at
one).

a U>\^>\ ashrdf (pi. of sharif). Nobles,
grandees, gentlemen, men of high extrac-
tion ; refined, courteous, urbane ; — ishrdf
(v.n. 4 of o»jA), Being high, exalted ;
standing on tbi; top of uuything ; looking
down from an eminence ; beiug close upon.

A ishraq (v.n. 4 of J/>), Kising (the

ami) ; sun-rise, morning ; splendour, lustre,
beauty.

a ishrdqi, Of or pertaining to

sun-rise ; eastern, oriental ; having the
splendour of the East; — ishrdqi namdi,
Morning prayer.

a yUiljil ishrdqiydn (pi, of the prece-
ding), A sect of philosophers, illutniuati.

a <±>\jk.\ askrdk (pi. of sharik), Compa-
nions, partners, associates in trade ; - ishrdk
(v.n. 4 of ^j*), Taking a partner ; giving
companions to God.

a s^M ashraj, A horse which has one
testicle larger than another, or only one
testicle.

dshurdan, To bruise ; to knead ; to
bake ; to wash.

a <-^a\ ashraf, More or most noble ;
eminent ; a person of noble birth, noble-
man; gentleman ; a town in Mazandaran.

uljM dshrafi, ashrafl, Name of a gold
coin, a gold mohar (its value iu Calcutta
about 16 rupees ; by the Regulations of
1793, it should weigh 190,894 grains troy).
dshuzdan = a J j A t q-v.
a ash'dr (pi. of sha'r), Hairs (of a
man or of a beast) ; — (pi. of sAi'r) Poesy,
poems, verses ; — ish'dr (v.n. 4 of y-),
Making known, informing, acquainting j
causing to fear, frightening ; putting on a
shi'dr or inner garment ; marking a camel
to be sacrificed at Mecca.

a £UM ish'd' (v.n. 4 of £*), Scattering
urine from side to side (a camel) ; dartiDg
forth rays (the sun) ; coming into ear

C*l (

(grain) ; having the grains compact (an
ear of corn).

a s-«*l ash'ab, (A goat) having the
home distant from each other ; name of a
proverbial miser.

a ash' as, One whose hair is di-

shevelled and soiled with dust.

A^kl ash'ar, A better poet; very hairy.

A ashi"at, aghi"ah (pi. of shu" and
shu'a'), Rays, sunbeams.
aihghdr, A badger.

A JUe»\ ashglidl (pi. of shughl), Affairs,
employments, occupations, businesses.

jifcl ashghar (for j4»>1), Ruddy; chesnut
(horse) ; — ushgkur, A. porcupine ; a badger.

a ashg&al, More or most employed,
busy.

y*»»J ashghur, ushahfir, A badger.

a M\ iskfd,' (v.n. 4 of (j***), Being on the
brink of anything, at the point of (death) ;
administering a medicine by which health
may be restored ; freeing from disease, im-
parting health, healing, curing.

a ashfdq (pi. of shafaq), Kind-

nesses, favours ; — ishfdq (v.n. 4 of JM 1 *),
Compassionating, pitying ; tenderness ;
compassion ; fearing, being cautious of each
other.

y,£i\ jUM ishfdq-cmget, Inspiring pity ov
sympathy.

dshuftdnldan, To confound, dis-
turb, make mad, or crazy.

tj&Wf aehuftagl, Perturbation, conster-
nation, confusion, contention, disquietude,
disturbance, tumult, commotion, disorder.

dshuftan (S. kehub), To agitate,
to disturb, or be disturbed ; to become
foolish, distracted, confounded, enamoured,
insane, amazed, astonished, thunderstruck,
wretched, miserable; to change, alter.

ashufta, Enamoured, mad, con-
founded; illegible (writing) ; — ashufta shu-
dan, To be distracted ; — ashufta kardan, To
distract, to disturb.

J\yw\ As44.Tj dshufta-ahwdl, and —
JU. AtfAf dskufta-Ml, In distressed cir-
cumstances, in a doleful state.

^LU. lUiAfct uehufta-khdtir, Disturbed in
mind, distressed, distracted.

dshufta-dil, Troubled in heart,
jjjj im.} dshufta-roz, J&j)) ashujta-
rotg&r, Whose days or fortunes are blasted.
ijb&^ ashufta-rumiydn, A live coal.
Jte ashufta-'aql, Disturbed in mind.
Jftf dshuftahkdkul, With dishe-

velled locks.

iiii,] ashufta- maghz, Brain-sick.

dshufta-muy (moy), Having
dishevelled hair.

ashfand, Name of a district of Ni-

shabur.

a JjA*\ aehfd, More or most powerful to
heal, efficacious, salutary; — ishf't, A cob-
bler's awl ; a large needle.

65 ) ^a-l

a i>M ashaqq, More or most troublesome
or difficult; — ushshaq, vahaq (for P.
q.v.), Gum ammoniac.

a »\ju,\ ishqd' (v.n. 4 of $**■), Rendering
miserable, grieving.

a jto>\ ashqar, A chesnut horse, especially
with black mane and tail ; ruddy of com-
plexion ; the horse of Bahrain Gur.

a QjjjjaM ashqardiyun, Wild garlic.

Sj&iA ashqara, An extinguished fire-brand.

a JjSaI ashqd, More or most unfortunate.

a pUsM ashqiyd' (pi. of shakiy), Poor,
miserable ; robbers, thieves, felons, cri-
minals.

<*W ashk (S. vdshpa), A tear ; a drop ;
(related to S. rishi) devout, pious ; name
of the first king of the Ashkaniyan dynasty
of Persian tuonarchs, supposed by some to
be a grandson of that Darius who was de-
feated by Alexander. He is by others
called Arshak, from whence, according to
them, the Arsacides took their family sur-
name; — ashki abr (sahdb, nlsdn), .Rain-
drops ; — ashki dtishnak {atiahin, jii/arso»,
garni), Hot tears; — ashki afsos (hasrat,
mastbat) , Tears of grief, of affliction ; —
ashki dl (piydzl, jigar-giin, hinnd'i, hifin-
dluda, khuni baqqam, khunin), Red tears,
tears of blood ; — ashki barldan (chakldan,
rekhtan, fishdndan). To shed tears ; — ashki
pashlmdni (naddwat), Tears of repentance:
—ashki tdk (dukhtari tdk), Wine ; — ashki
talkh, Bitter tears ; wine ; — ashk chidan, To
wipe off tears;— ashki khunuk (durogA),
Feigned tears ; — ashki khwush-namak (shar,
nvm-shor), Tears shed by parting friends,
tears of grief ; — ashki dawudi (dd'udi),
Tears of repentance (like David's) ; — ashk
dar dida shikaslan, To stop tears from flow-
ing ; — ashk rustan, To start tears ; — ashki
shddl (tarab), Tears of joy ; — ashki shakarl
(shakarin, sMrin), Tears of gladness ; — ashki
surdhl, Wine ; — ashki 'aqiql (gul-gun, lala-
fdm, Idla-gun, la'li), Red tears, tears of
blood; — ashk farv khwurdan, To suppress
tears ; — ashki kabdb. Juice of roast meat
trickling into the fire ; — ashki koh, Rubies,
sapphires, and other precious stones.
t «*M ashak (eshek), Ass, doukey.

dshkdr, \ s \£±\ dshkdrd, ilsh-
kdra (S. dvishkdra), Clear, evident, mani-
fest, open, public ; — sukhuni dshikar zadan,
To speak plainly, frankly (m.c).

ishkdr, Prey, game ; hunting, the

chase.

^Ua^ dshkdragi, Publicity.

ush-kdra, A cook.
ijJ&A ishkdrl, A hunter, sportsman,
fowler.

a JVSa^ ashkdl (pi. of shakl), Forms,
figures, shapes, semblances ; — ishkdl (v.n.
4 of J£*»), Being difficult, obscure, intri-
cate ; ambiguity, doubts, perplexity ; — ish-

( 66 )

kdl budan, To be perplexed ; — ishkdl dash-
tan, To be difficult (a question).

o>}flj mbM athlc-alud, Tear-stained.

a lJ'&Ai athkdll, One who excite9 doubts
or difficulties.

yU»l£4.\ ashkdniydn, The family name of
the third dynasty of Persian kings, who
reigned after Alexander the Great for about
160 years.

ashkawand, A mountain in Slstan.
ashk-bdr, Shedding tears; tears
falling; — ashk-bdr shudan, To melt into
tears.

^ s jL f &b.\ ashk-bdri, Weeping.
j\< 12W aMc-bdz, Shedding tears ; playing
off tears.

ytpSM ashkbus, A hero killed by Rus-
tam.

yjfSj^ iskkardan skikardan,
q.v.), To hunt, &c.

»yW ishkira, A hunting-hawk.

ueU.\ ashk-rezdn, jtj ashk-ren,
Shedding tears (the former also pi. of the
latter).

tjSA] ashkana, A hunting-bird of any
kind.

,^i~Sjb.\ ishkastan, To break, bruise,
squeeze.

juj iehkasta-band (for ghikasta-

band), Who sets broken bones.

u^i^l athkash, Name of an ancient hero.

ux~*M aehkift, Surprise ; — ishkaft, A
cave.

ytii ashk-fishan, Shedding tears.

ishkufa, A blossom, bud ; vomiting.
a J£M ashkal, ishkal. Reddish-eyed
(man) ; anything which has red and white
mixed ; more or most difficult.

ashkal, Fetters ; — ishkil, (A horse)
whose right fore-foot and left hind-foot are
white ; fraud, craft, imposture.

p£*>\ ishkam (=p&> shikam), The belly.

uhhtmba, The third stomach of
ruminating beasts.

Uhkanj, A wrinkle, fold, curls ; —
iehkunj, A nip, a pinch.

iehkanja, Torment, torture, rack.
yjjXi*\ isKkanAxn = ishkastan, q.v.
HjSa\ ithkina, A wrinkle ; a musical note ;
bread crumbled into broth.

ashku, ashku, ishku, A roof ; a layer
or row in the covering of a house.

sjj^*' dehkub, ashkub, A ceiling, a stage,
a storey j a row of bricks in a wall ; a row
or layer in the roofing of a house ; heaven ;
— ushkub, The elbow ; a cubit.

tj£*>\ ishkohA, A trip, stumble, slip,
blunder ; imp. of the following.

y^s-Jj.^ ishkokhidan, To slip, slide, fall.
Uj£m ushkafa, Vomiting; a flower,
blossom.

ushkoh, Majesty, authority, great-
ness.

ifcjS^ ushkuha, ■>qSi»>\ ushkuba, A belch,
hiccup.

J**4>\ ishkil, A horse whose right fore-
foot and left hind-foot are white ; fraud,
craft, imposture.

ishkil chashum, A kind of

bramble.

iehkewdn, Kame of a place.
ashkyud, Compounded, mixed.
ashgarf, Agreeable, excellent j —
ishgarf, Large, coarse, thick; dignity,
pomp.

otiSM ishgujt, The expauding of a
flower.

yS.*£fc\ ash-ganish, ishganish, The build-
ing of a wall,

tySfcf ashgHn, Name of a country.

4Sj£*^ dshguna, ushgiina, Inverted, upside
down ; perverted ; sinister ; unfortunate.

^jj&tf dshguy, A palace ; an upper room ;
an elevated place.

a J*>\ ashall, One who has a disjointed,
withered, or paralytic hand.

/>*>\ ishm (for ishtim), Breeches.

a f**-\ ashamm, High-nosed ; grave, dig-
nified, respectable.

a u*U»m ishmds (v.n. 4 of Being
bright and sunshiny (day).

A gUM ishma' (v.n. 4 of £**), Giving
good light (a candle).

JU*^ dshmdli, The flattery of syco-
phants ; cuckoldom ; panderisin.

A pU*l ishmdm (v.n. 4 of |»fc), Diffusing
odour, shedding perfume ; giving to ft
quiescent consonant a slight sound (or
scent) of ssawima or kasra, but not so as to
lengthen the syllable, or make one syl-
lable more.

A j\^afc**\ ishmikhrdr (v.n. 4 of j***),
Being tall and lofty.

A athmal. More or most perfect,

complete, universal, comprehensive, sur-
passing, transcendent ; larger, largest.

o ashmusd, A species of merow.

■^t**^ dshamld, A draught.

(! ).* s *A 1 t ashamldan — (jj-V*^ q.v.

A j\jS«A\ uhmi'adu (v.n. 4 of j^**-), Being
affrighted ; creeping (as the skin does with
terror).

t>*>^ ashau, A turned vest ; an unripe
melon.

dshnd, A friend, companion, com-
rade, acquaintance ; swimming, floating ; a
swimmer dshnd u begdna, Known and
unknown, friends and strangers.

asknd, A gem, precious stone ; a
swimmer ; swimming.

v^*^ dehndb, ishndb, Swimming, nata-
tion.

jV) U*.^ dshnd-bdz, A swimmer,
jjjlj dshnd-bdzi, Swimming, natation.
^\ dshnd-bezdr, Who does no longer
care for his acquaintances.

-rt UWf ashnd-parast, Friendly.

(

aahndd, The 25th day of the month.

jjjj dshnd-ruy, Known by eight, a
a slight acquaintance.

«jj ashnd-zada, Tired of one's ac-
quaintances and turning to strangers.

i^si\it\ ieknaftan, To understand, per-
ceive.

ushndgar, A swimmer.
yU*l ushndn, ishndn, The herb alkali,
and the ashes which are made from it,
with which they wash clothes and the hands
after eating; — ushndnddrii, Hyssop.
atihndv, Swimming, natation.
d8hndwar, A swimmer.
t\a^ dshndh, The art of swimming, nata-
tion ; a swimmer.

dehnaydn, Acquaintances.
dshnd'i, Friendship, acquaintance ;
— dshna'l d&dan (shindsdndari). To give
signs of recognition, to make oneself known
to each other as acquaintances, after inter-
course having been interrupted.

a ashna', More or most hideous;
filthy, foul, odious, disagreeable.

jyA\ ashnawad, Name of the second of
the five days added to the last mouth of the
Persian year, in order to make their twelve
months, of 30 days each, equal to a solar
year.

tjjjiU mhnudan (— shunudan, q.v.),
To hear, Ac.

tAyuk\ ishnusha, Sneezing.

ij*>\ ashna = sU*\ q.v. ; — ashna, Imma-
ture ; — uekna, Alkali ; moss which grows on
trees.

Qii^ttA ishnldan (=t)-M* shinldan, q.v.),
To hear, Ac.

aahu (for dthob), Calamity, hurt,
trouble.

^\ a$hu (in Zand and Pazand), Hea-
venly.

a ashwdt (pi. of shaut), Turns,

rounds.

A <d\jt>\ ashwdk (pi. of shauk), Thorns ; —
ishwdk (v.n. 4 of Abounding in

thorns.

v>jM dshob, Terror, dread, fear ; grief,
affliction, misfortune ; confusion, discord,
disturbance, tumult, riot, sedition ; (in
comp.) disturbing ; a poker, a coal-rake.

^s&\ dihob-angex, An exciter of dis-

cord.

fifH anhobtar, More grievous.

dehob-gdh, A place of terror, dis-
turbance, confusion.

f~£ dshob-gustar, Spreading terror,
an instigator of sedition, &c.

■jeJUjj^ dshobndk, Terrified, confused, who
brings about confusion.

(jjj^ji,^ dthoUdan, To be confused ; dis-
turbed.

jj* 1 ! dehor, Imper. of the following,
yjy^ dshordan, To mix, mingle, inter-

67 ) U!

mix, join, associate, couple, conjoin; to
ferment.

A wf*A ashwas, One who contracts his
eyes and knits his brow from pride ; bold,
brave.

£y>^ dzhogk, ushogh, Of unknown family
or country.

(j&^jM dshoftagi, Disquietude, uneasi-
ness.

yj-^y*^ dshoftan, To be disturbed.
dshufta, Disturbed in mind.
usha, Gum ammoniac (see (3a\).
a ashhdd (pi. of shahid), Wit-

nesses, eye-witnesses ; — ishhdd (v.n. 4 of
■H*), Citing, summoning ; taking to wit-
ness ; adducing as evidence ; bringing
proof.

a Hr-itM ashhab, Whitish or ash-coloured,
dun-coloured, grey ; cold, frosty (dry).

a <*aM ashhadu, I bear witness, I testify,
I declare ; — ashhad dmadan, To testify, to
bear witness to.

A tulihar, More or most celebrated,
known, notorious ; — ashhwr (pi. of shahr),
Months.

a Jv^ ashhal, Grey-eyed.

a Jj^l ashhd, More desirous, or desir-
able.

dshiyd (for dshiydn^, Nest, &o. ; —
(for dshd) Like.

a »W*>! a$hyd' (pi. of shay 1 ), Things,
clothes, effects, chattels.

A £W*>^ ashyd' (pi. of shay'), Parts, quan-
tities ; — (pi. of shl'at) Companions, equals,
peers ; followers, dependants.

U~*U v_*LM ashydfi mamisti. Poppy -juice.

yW*^ dshydn (S. aeana), 4*W*^| d^shydna,
A nest; a ceiling, roof ;— ashy an bastan
(sdihtan, kardan, giriftan, nihddan), To
build a nest-

s-*s*T dshf.b, Terror ; affliction ; confusion.

ge*^i dshej, Opposite, adverse, contrary.

i&tA^ dshigdh, A privy.

dshln, A cook ; a baker.

(U-M dshina, An egg.

d^jAil dshlha, ashlha, The neighing of a
horse ; echo.

a isdbat (v.n. 4 of vj°), Overtaking,
reaching, arriving at, finding, discovering,
meeting with, obtaining ; speaking pro-
perly, conceiving -well, hitting the mark.

a £»W asdbi' (pi. of asba'), asdbi'
(pi. of usbu'), Fingers; — asabi'i zainab, A
kind of sweetmeats ; — asdbi' sufr, Tur-
meric ; — asdbi' fir' awn, Name of a kind of
pearl, or stone like a finger, found in the
feed Sea.

a asdghir, ISjfcM a&dghirat (pi. of

asghar), Smaller, less; little, mean, con-
temptible, poor.

A ilW a$dlat (v.n. of Being firmly

rooted, steady, immovable; firmness, con-
stancy, solidity of judgment; genuineness,
integrity ; essentiality, nobleness.

U (

a "UVo\ asdlatan, Originally ; radically ;
firmly ; entirely ; absolutely ; in one's own
right ; personally.

a asbah (pi. of subh), Dawns, day-
breaks, mornings ;-~ isbdh (v.n 4 of e**)>
Coming, domg anything, early in the
morning ; changing from one state into
another.

a. asbagh (pi. of sibgh), Colours,
tinctures, dyes.

a isbdhdn =: (^Jt\^,\ q,v.

a asbah, Of a handsome face ; a tear-
ing lion ; red-coloured ; name of a king of
Yaroan.

a (j**^ asbahi, Referring to King Asbah
(see above and **V»j^> tdeiydna).

A £<-»\ asba', isba', A finger ; a good Bign.

a £t*>\ asbagh., White-tailed ; having a
white forehead (horse); name of an inti-
mate coinpaniou of 'Ali.

t>W*^ isbahdn = t)UV^ \ q.v.

a asahh, More or most true or authen-
tic ; more or most accurate, correct, sound,
or healthy.

a yW>\ ashdb (pi. of sahib), Lords,
possessors, masters ; grandees, disciples,
apostles ; — ashdbi addb, Well-bred, learned
men ; scholars ; — ashabi abhbiyah u hhiyam,
Dwellers in pavilions and tents; — ashdbi
i'libar, Esteemed, confidential, honourable
men • — ashdbi bida' u ?aldlat, Innovators,
deviating from the right path ; — ashabi
tadbir, Sage ministers, prudent counsellors ;
ashdbi taw&rijlt, Historians, writers of
chronicles ; — ashabi jdh, Eminent, pos-
sessed of dignity ; — ashdbi jafyim, Inhabi-
tants of hell ; — ashdbi daulat, Grandees,
nobles, great men, ministers ; — ashdbi ri-
wdyat, Historians ; — ashdbi suyuf, (Sol-
diers) possessed of swords, swordsmen ; —
ashdbi 'Urn, Learaed men, scholars, literary
men ; — ashdbi fuhum, Intelligent, saga-
cious, endowed with understanding ; —
ashdbi qisas, Historians, masters of history ;
— ashabi kibar, The great companions, the
four immediate successors of Muhammad ;
— ashdbi Jcahf, The companions of the cave,
i.e. the seven sleepers ; — ashdbi guzin, The
chosen friends, the companions of Muham-
mad ; — asfyabi minqal, Friends assembled
by the fireside; — afkdbi ni/dq, Impious
liars, hypocrites, infidels.

isddr (v.n. 4 of y>*), Producing,
issuing, causing to emanate.; publishing;
appearing.

a asddgfc (pi. of sud(f&); The

temples, that part of the face from the eyes
to the ears; the hair that flows around the
temples.

A asddf (pi. of sadaf), Shells,

shell-fish, pearls.

a (J^J-^ isddq (v.n. 4 of J-**), Giving (a
woman) her dowry.

68 )

a ti^\ asdaq, More or most true or vera-
cious, truer, truest.

a tto*-\ asdiqa (pi. of sadiq), True
friends.

a j-\ asr (v.n.), Breaking; inclining;
binding ; keeping back, detaining ; — isr, A
compact, convention, treaty, agreement ; a
burden, load, weight.

a £y\ isrdr (v.n. 4 of J-), Persevering,
persisting in ; perseverance, persistency ;
obstinacy, stubbornness ; — isrdr kardan, To
indBt, persist, to be obstinate.

a u>\j<A isr of (v.n. 4 of "-»/=), Expenditure;
waste, extravagance ; prodigality,

asrdm (pi. of sarm, for P. charm),
Leathers, skins ; — i?rdm (v.n. 4 of py°),
Being poor, destitute ; being the season for
gathering dates.

a istibdh (v.n. 8 of c*-), Taking a

morning draught.

A jW**^ istibdr (v.n. 8 of j*-), Being pa-
tient; patience.

a tSk°\ istibagh. (v.n. 8 of £*-), Dyeing,
staining; dipping, immersion; baptism.

g l*ae\ ustubbat, Hemp, tow, bards,
oakum.

a istabl, A stable, stall ; — istabli

dawdbb, A stable ; a cow-house.

istakhr, The ancient name of Per-
sepolis ; a lake, pool.

ustur, A pound troy, a troy balance.
istaraish, &■ lake, a pool ; Persepolis.
ce)j!»e\ astarak (G. tmJpaf), Storai.
a sj^jW ■usfarlab, An astrolabe.
a «J=-\ uskura, A troy balance.
a AjLA istifd' (v.n 8 of ^°), Choosing,
electing, s?lecting.

a u!^»\ isiifdf (v.n. 8 of Being
drawn up in a row, set in array.

a s}V«M istifaq (v.n. 8 of \j*-), Being
struck and sounded (chords of a lyre) ;
being shaken by the wind (tree).
g y«l4!a«^ is£ajflin, A carrot,
a astafi, Liquid storax.
a astafin, A carrot.

a rfJUa^^ istiledlc (v.n. 8 of Striking ;
clashing, tossing to and fro ; — istikdki zand
kardan, To strike fire by friction.

a istildh (v.n. 8 of eK), Being re-
conciled ; phraseology, phrase, idiom ; tech-
nical term, terminology ; cant, slang.

a uuU$L*\ istildhdt (pi. of the preceding),
Forms of speech ; idioms ; technicalities.

a (jo-JW istil&hl, Technical, conven-
tional.

a isfjldm (v.n. 8 of fX*), Eradica-
ting.

a is]>ind' (v.n. 8 of £*-), Beceiving
or bestowing a favour; choosing, selecting
for any special purpose ; favour ; selection,

g j»W ustur, A troy balance.

a j\W istiydd (v.n. 8 of Hunting.

a is'dq (v.n. 4 of ijt**), Casting fire

( 69 )

from heaven ; causing to die ; causing to
swoon.

_ A <^**\ isgAa' (v.n. 4 of j*->), Heaving,
listening to, lending an ear.

AjA°l asg&ar, Less, least, smaller, small-
est ; little, small, contemptible.

a <-&c\ asaf, The eaper-tree or root.

iff ah (v.n 4 of £*»), Refusing a
petitioner ; making broad ; inclining.

a W as/ad (pi of safad), Chains, fet-
ters, bonds; presents; — isfad (v.n. 4 of
•**«), Binding; making a present, giving,
bestowing.

A j\A*\ asf&r (pi. of sifr), Ciphers ; — isfar
(v.n. of Jlo), Being poor, empty-handed.

a isfdq (v.n. 4 of t3^»), Shutting
the door; milking cattle only once a day ;
progressing, proceeding.

p ctiJV&W isfahanak, One of the twelve
modes of music.

a M-y dsaf bin barkhiyd. Name of

a sage supposed by the Arabians to have
been Solomon's grand wazir, hence pro-
verbially used for any wise counsellor.

a &\> iJu,] dsaf-jdh, Dignified as Asaf.

a asjar, Yellow, pale, livid ; saffron-
coloured ; black ; more or most empty ;
with a shrill note (bird).

a ^) <_A«\ asaf-rdy, A wise counsellor
like Asaf; distinguished by prudence or
wisdom.

t)V-^ Isfahan, A capital of Persia.
jSL-^l isfahsdldr, A general.
a JjM asfd, More or most pure ; clear,
serene.

a a$fiyd (pi. of sapy), The pure,
the j ust, the holy ; saints.

a J~Z<\ isgril, A shrimp, a prawn ; a
squill.

a asl, Root, stock, origin, principle,
foundation, element, source, cause ; lineage,
race, line, birth, family ; nobility, honour;
capital, principal, sum, stock in trade ; an
original, archetype, prototype, exemplar;
an original copy (of a work or document) ;
a radical letter ; — asli harf, The bottom of
the question, the main point; — asli hitdb,
The original of a book, the first copy ; — asl
ma'i siid, Principal and interest ; — asli
■manzd'a, A postulate ; — a si u far', Root
and branch ; cause and effect.

a *5W\ aslan, Not at all, by no means,
never, in no shape (used with negative).

a tW islah (v.n. 4 of g^>), Fitting, adapt-
ing ; amending, correcting, restoring, ad-
justing, improving ; dressing or trimming
(hair, beard) ; preparing, dressing (meat) ;
tuning (a musical instrument) ; — islah
ieardan, To repair, to mend ; — isldJi yaflan,
To be or become repaired, mended, im-
proved ; — ba-isldh divardan, To improve, to
reform (m.c).

jjAj e!M isldh-pazir, Capable of correction
or remedy ; corrigible, remediable.

t gS»\ asldn, Asian, pr. n. (= lion).

a 5*9- J*^ asl-jam', The original rents with
which the lands (in India) were first
charged in the books of the Emperor Ak-
bar, exclusive of all additions and imposi"
tions made since by the Government.

a aslah, Better, best; more or most
correct, fine ; moBt advisable.

a- ^ o\)\>> asl-ddrani pak, Holy men,
saints ; propiiets.

a saty asl-zada, Nobly-born, high-bred.

a f£>\ asla', Bald.

a J*) asl-qlmat, Prime cos 6.

a <y>\ asl-ndm, Real name (opp. to'urf,
alias).

a J*>\ asl-nqf, Net profit.

a <jM asli, Radical, original, essential,
principal ; intrinsic, inherent, innate ; real,
true, genuine ; pure, unalloyed ; of good
stock, noble, full-bred ; — asli zamin, Origi-
nal land (not alluvial) ; — asli qimat, Origi-
nal value or price ; cost price.

a asliydn (P. pi.), Nobles, gentle-

men.

a asliyat, Originality ; genuineness ;

nobleness.

a asamm, Deaf j surd (in arithmetic) ;
a snake that will not be charmed ; a hard

stone.

a bU-s\ ismd' (v.n, 4 of <j**), Knocking
down and killing (game) on the spot;
champing the bit (a horse).

a f>U*\ ismdm (v.n. 4 of j*-), Becoming,
making, or discovering one to be deaf.

a i?ma', Small-eared; sharp (sword) ;
brisk, keen, acute, active (mind) ; high, ele-
vated ; astonished, bewildered.

a i^sU*\ asnaf (pi. of tinf). Forms, kinds,
sorts, species, varieties ; subjects, peasants ;
guilds, corporations ; — asnafi khalq, All
sorts of people (m.c.) ; — asndfi qabd'il,
Various tribes ; — asnafi nmkhialifa, Dif-
ferent sorts, varieties.

a |»U*\ asndm (pi. of sanam), Images,
idols; statues; — asndmi chin, The images
of China (metaphorically implying the hand-
some of either sex).

a £>U^ isndn (v.n. 4 of Tossing the
nose, looking proud, disdainful ; smelling,
emitting a stench under the arm-pits.

a uv\f>\ aswat (pi. of saut), Voices,
sounds, noises ; interjections.

a aswab, Better, best, straighter,

truer.

a usul (pi. of asl), Boots, origins,
fundamentals ; essentials ; elements, first
principles ; causes, general laws ; doctrines,
tenets ; breeding, manner; a musical mode
or tone ; — «s»Ii fdkhiah, Name of a musical
note ; — u$uli 'asharat, The ten primary in-
telligences first created by God ; — usul u
furii', Roots and branches; first princi-
ples and deductions therefrom ; causes and

effects ; aBcent and descent in kindred, an-
cestors and posterity.

A _,y>\ ashar (pi. of sihr), Eelations by
marriage (within the prohibited degrees) ;
— ishiir (v.n. 4 of ys>), Being thus related.

a J*«t asil, Well-born, thorough-bred;
of good stock, high pedigree, noble family ;
game (cock) ; gentle, free from vice ; high-
spirited; well-founded, solid (glory).

a i/l az2 (v.n.), Causing difficulty and
trouble (a thing) ; compelling (poverty) ;
breaking ; longing for, seeking her nest (an
ostrich) ; — izz, Root, origin.

a izd'at (v.n. 4 of "V 6 ), Shining,
lightening, flashing ; kindling, illumina-
ting, causing to shine.

a i?dz, A sanctuary, asylum, place
of refuge.

a litW izd'at (v.n. 4 of £*•*), Ruining,
destroying, wasting, squandering; having a
number of farms or fields (zai'at),

a&W izafat, izdfa (v.n. 4 of «-A*i), Add-
ing, joining, annexation; increase, aug-
mentation, increment ; surplus, excess ;
stipend, scholarship ; (in gram.) con-
struction of one noun with another, the
relation of the genitive case or the addition
of an adjective, expressed by joining Kas-
rah to the governing noun.

a <j*W if Constructive, relative.

A i*jd' (v.n. 4 of £<*■*), Making one
recline upon his side ; giving to fathah a
Bound inclining to kasrah.

A .iJW^ izhdh (v.n. 4 of "^W-*), Making
to laugh.

x &j«t-*! uzAiifcat, A ridiculous thing, jest,
joke, laughable affair.

A uzhlyat, A sheep offered on the

festival called 'idi azfid.

a S\xt\ asdad (pi. of ?idd), Contraries,
opposites, opponents.

A yt>\ azarr, More or most hurtful, inju-
rious.

A v>\^ azrdb (pi. of zarb), Similars; —
izrdb (v.n. 4 of vy>), Leading (a camel) to
cover; staying, stopping; hanging down
the head ; turning away from anyone.

Aj^ azrar (pi. of zarar), Hurts, harms,
injuries ; — izrdr (v.n. 4 of j" 6 ), Harming,
hurting, injuring; taking a second wife over
the head of the first (thus injuring her) ;
approaching very near ; taking the bit
between his teeth and biting it (a horse) ■
showing speed, running.

a £\f*\ izrd' (v.n. 4 of g^), Giving milk
a little while before the birth ; humbling,
distressing.

a izrclm (v.n. 4 of tf), Inflaming,
burning, setting on fire. „

A }\y*\ izza% (v.n. 4 of y>), Champing the
bit.

A £WJ=J>\ iztibiV (v.n. 8 of £!-*), Passing a
cloak, robe, or scarf under the right arm
and over the left shoulder, thus leaving

bare the right and covering the left
shoulder.

a £l<*W iztijd' (v.n. 8 of g*-*), Lying on

one's side.

a sj';W iztirab (v.n. 8 of ^/*), Agita-
tion, perturbation, commotion; anxiety,
anguish, trouble; perplexity, restlessness,
distraction ; precipitation ; flurry ; con-
strued with the verbs afgartdart, bdndan,
dddan, ddshtan, refchtan, hardan and hashi-
dan ; — iztirdbu 'l-habl, Discordance and di-
versity of opinions.

a ,ji\}a*\ iztivaM, A gitation, hurry, impa-
tience ; precipitation.

AjtyftAi iztirdr (v.n. 8 of ;-&), and —

(_5;\jL»\ iztirdri, Violence, necessity, com-
pulsion ; restraint.

a j»V=-^ iztirdm fv.n. 8 of /»r*)> Blazing.

a iztild', Being strong, powerful.

a tjUi\ az'df (pi. of ?i'/), Similars,
equals ; double, as much more, double the
quantity, the same thing over again ; — iz'af
(v.n. 4 of Doubling, duplication ;

receiving twice as much, a double share ;
weakening, rendering infirm.

a <_4*i\ az'af, More or most weak, help-
less, impotent.

A dzghds (pi. of zighs), Handfuls

(of herbs, part green and part dry) ; — a?-
gkasu 'l-ahidm, Confused dreams which can.
not be interpreted.

a azgh&n (pi. of zighri), Hatreds.

a azall, More or most astray ; more
or most tending to lead astray.

A azld' (pi. of zW, zila ), Ribs ; — izld'
(v.n. 4 of gk>), Causing to incline and pre.
ponderate ; bearing a heavy load.

a J^M izldl (v.n. 4 of J-*), Causing to
err, leading astray ; leaving in error; con-
cealing, burying;— izldlihdl, A ruined situa-
tion ; — izldl kardan,To ruin, disgrace.

a azam (v.n.), Being angry and
hating ; anger, hatred ; — izam, Kame of a
mountain and valley near Madinah.

A jU/i\ izmdr (v.n. of j*-*), Hiding, con.
cealing in one's heart ; thinking, planning,
hatching in the mind ; feeding sparingly
for training purposes ; silencing the second
i letter of a metrical foot.

a J^«,*-*^ izmihldl (v.n. 4 of J**-*),
Vanishing, disappearing.

A Ay*>1 dz'ivd' (pi. of ?au'), Lights, splen-
dours,

A azydf (pi. of zaif), Guests.

a azyaq, Narrower, straiter.

tt>\ aid (G. iT<a), The white poplar.

A itdhat (v.n. 4 of s-^), Making
beautiful, fragrant, soft, sweet, or delicate;
cleaning or shaving the body Musulman
fashion.

a &»W itdhat (v.n. 4 of t}*), Destroying
(property), ruining ; throwing about.
A &t&>\ ita'at (v.n. 4 of £)*>), Obeying ;

( 70 )

IU ( 71 ) >1

obedience, submission, surrender, subjec-
tion ; subordination, fealty, loyalty, allegi-
ance ; observance, reverence, worship,
homage ; obsequiousness ; — izhdri itd'at
kardan, To offer obedience, to surrender,
to submit.

a (jjlacW i(a.'at-garl, Obedience to a com-
mand, submission.

t ut/iq, Room, chamber, cabin ;
chamber furniture (m.c.) ; — utdqi pazird,
Reception saloon (m.c.) ; — utdqi khalwat, A
private apartment, cabinet (m.c.) ; — utdqi
sufra, Dining-room (m.c). (See J^-)

a *SU=A itdlat (v.n. 4 of J^), Prolonging,
extending, lengthening out ; extension ;
prolixity.

i3*SW ataliq, A master, guardian, gover-
nor.

A |»W it am, utdm, A strangury.

a i>WU itibba' (pi. of tabib), Physicians.

a £WW atbti' (pi. of jtaW), Seals; natures,
dispositions ; — (pi. of gib 1 ) Rivers.

a sA>W itrd' (v.n. 4 of j£), Praising im-
moderately ; hyperbole, exaggeration.

a sj\^ itrdb (v.n. 4 of v^=), Exhilara-
ting, producing joy,

a tr*Vy^ atrabulus, Tripoli in Syria.

A ittirah (v.n. 8 of t}>), Throwing
away, putting to a distance.

a ittirdd (v.n, 8 of Jjt), Being in
good train (business).

Ajty^ itrdr (v.n. 4 of ;t), Irritating, insti-
gating ; sprouting, coming forth.

a <-}\jl>\ atrdf (pi. of taraf), Sides, dis-
tricts, tracts, coasts, shores, environs, con-
fines, skirts, extreme parts; ends, tips;
limits, boundaries; the nearest kinsmen
(as fathers, brothers, uncles, &c.) ; — itrd/
(v.n. 4 of »-J>l»), Bringing something new
and pleasing ; viewing, inspecting ; — iitirdf
(v.n. 8 of "-J^>), Obtaining something new.

a j^jM atrdfi, Extreme, outer, outlying,
limitary.

a itrdq (v.n. 4 of j^), Lending or
hiring out (a male animal to cover a
female) ; keeping silence ; hanging the
head ; following each other's footsteps,
going one after another,

a \J>)^ utrUsh, Deaf.

JL*jL\ o,{m/j, Austria (m.c. from Fr.
Autriche).

a J*s>M if.rifal (S. triphalla), A myro-
balan-electuary.

a JSijt.\ atrilal, atril&l, Crow-foot.

a it'dm (v.n. 4 of ^«k), Feeding,

giving victuals.

a A**U at'imat, at'ima (pi. of ta'dm),
Meats, victuals, viands ;— at'ima' i nafisah,
Exquisite meats, dainties.

a iA*S»\ itgkd' (r.n. 4 of ^°), Seducing,
leading into error ; making exorbitant or
excessive.

a.W it fa' (v.n, 4 of Extinguish-

ing, quenching; extinction; — itfcC kardan,
To extinguish.

a atfdl (pi. of tiff), Infants, chil-

dren, boys, offspring, family ; (in P. also
used for " wife," being considered more
respectful than zan, and similar words) ;
— at fdli b&gh, Fresh flowers, young plants.

a gSW itla' (v.n. 4 of Manifesting,
informing, putting in possession of a secret ;
vomiting ; putting forth buds or the spathes
(a palm-tree) ; shooting or throwing beyond
the mark ; — ittild' (v.n. 8 of £&), Being
aware, knowing ; inspecting viewing exa-
mining ; notice, information ; — ittild' budan,
ittild' ddehtan, To be informed ; — ittild' kar-
dan (dddan),1o inform; — ittild' u ehu'ur
kardan, To examine and animadvert upon.

a AcBM ittild' an, Eor the purpose of in-
forming.

a ittild'dt (pi. of ittild.'). Know-

ledge acquired by study and inquiry (m.c).

a ^jcSw ittild'i, That gives intimation or
information ; for the purpose of announcing,
apprising, or giving notice.

a jSkM itldq (v.n 4 of O 1 ^), Setting at
liberty, liberating, releasing, dismissing,
sending away ; loosening, relaxing ; di-
vorcing, repudiating ; disengagedness,
freedom ; application, reference ; rendering
universal ; evacuation ; — itldqi 'indn kar-
dan, To give the reins (to a horse).

a JW atldl (pi. of talal), Bodies, sub-
stances ; ruins of a house; — itldl (v.n. 4 of

jt), Being at the point of, impending; per-
mitting blood to be shed unrevenged.

a ,jJiM atlae, Red tending to black, dun-
colour ; satin.

a (_5~JW atlam, A eunuch (black).

a fi»\ atm (v.n.), Being enraged ; — utum,
A fortress of stone ; any square edifice,
with a flat roof.

atmdt. An Indian fi!lert-nut; an
Indian bean.

a £UW itmd' (v.n. 4 of £*k), Exciting a
strong desire, incitement ; longing, covet-
ousness.

atmut = !«UW\ q, T .

a atmisd, Southernwood; mug-

wort.

a yUifcU itmi'nan (v.n. 4 of (^*^), Re-
posing, resting; rest, tranquillity, repose,
content, quiet, security, peace ; confidence,
reliance, trust, surety, guarantee; — itmi'-
ndni khdtir, Peace of mind ; — itmi'nan
dddan, To give an assurance ; — itmi'nan
yafian, To be set at ease.

a v>UM atndb (pi. of tvnub), Tent-ropes ;
— itndb (v.n. 4 of s~i), Lengthening one's
speech, amplifying a discourse ; sublimity
of style; prolixity, bombast, hyperbole.

a atanah, Athens.

a atwdr (pi. of taur), Times, turns,
ways ; manners, modes, fashions ; dealings,

>! ( 72

mode of business ; — atwdri hamlda,
Praiseworthy actions ; — atwdri siyah, Black
or wicked actions ; — atwdri nd-hamwdr,
Unworthy actio vis. |

a atwdran, Occasionally. J

yS)\jM atwdrin, A mountainous island in
the ocean inhabited by the Jiun.

a £fl atwa', More or most obedient.

a J)tl atwal, Longer, longest.

A "SjU atwalan> Prolixly, tediously.

a j^M athdr (pi, of tuhr), Purities ; — (pi.
of tdhir) Clear, pure, chaste, unsullied,
clean ; — ithdr (v.n. 4 of Purifying ;

purification.

a j>y\ athar, More or most puiv.

a s-*(M atyab, Better, beat, more or most
sweet, fragrant, delicate, pleasant, delight-
ful;— (du.) atyabdn, The two delights,
Ceres and Venus, or youth and gay spirits.

a SxJ»\ atit (v.n. of W), Making a creak-
ing noise (the saddle of a camel) ; the
rattling of the belly (flora hunger) ; the
murmuring of a camel from fatigue; the
rustling of a palm-tree.

tysU (ityiit =. !*UM q.v.

A <-*\jM izrtif (v.n. 4 of <J(^), Bringing
forth ingenious, witty children ,

A ;W azfar (pi. of zvfr), Nails, claws,
hoofs ; certain small stars in front of the
constellation of the eagle ; — izfdr (v.n. 4 of
y&), Making conqueror, enabling one to
triumph, or to attain his object.

a jAM azfar, Possessed of long and broad
nails.

a J&M azldl (pi. of gill), Shadows ;—

izldl (v.n. 4 of jk), Shading, casting a
shadow; approaching.

a fM izlam (v.n. 4 of Growing
dark; walking in darkness; being bright
(the front teeth) ; meeting with oppres-
sion .

a flM azlam, More or most unjust, ty-
rannical, oppressive ; — la'ana 'Udh azJann
wa azlamak, May God curse the more un-
just of me and thee !

a izhdr (v,n. 4 of jiS), Revealing,

discovering ; manifestation, disclosure, pub-
lication ; declaration, statement; police
information; examination of a witness,
deposition, evidence, written testimony ; —
izhdri tahriri, Deposition in writing, written
testimony (opp. to izhdri zabdni, Oral depo-
sition or testimony ; — izhdri khusumat ltar-
dan. To show enmity, become an open
enemy ; — izhdri firdr Icardan, To make a
feigned retreat, to appear to fly ; — izhdr nu-
mildan, To show off, to display (m.c.).

a A-<(M izhdr-saldmi, A complimen-

tary (but illegal) fee paid to the writer of
a deposition.

a izhdi -namah, Notification, an-

nouncement ; manifesto.

)

a (j-i^ izhdr-nawis, An officer of the
court who takes down depositions.

A yi£>\ azhar, More or most clear, bright,
evident; — azhar mina 'sh-shams, Clearer
than the sun.

a ,*=(-W a'djim (pi. of a'jam), Barbarians
(those who cannot speak Arabic, or speak it
incorrectly ; but more particularly the Per-
sians).

a s-e>W a'djib (pi, of u'jilbat), Miracles,
wonders, prodigies.

a *>Ae\ i'ddai, i'dda (v.n. 4 of JyO,
Causing to return, bringing back ; repeti-
tion, reiteration, revision ; reversion ; visit-
ing the sick; — i'ddat hardan, To repeat, to
relate.

a <^oW a'adi (pi. of 'adutv), Enemies,
foes.

a i'dzat (v.n. of j^e), Taking under
one's protection ; saving, defending.

a ijW i'drat (v.n. 4 of j^c), Lending.

a f£\e\ a'dzim (pi. of a'zam), Great, chief,
principal ; the highest, the lofty ; — 'a'&zimi
saldtini mnslimdni, The greatest of Muslim
princes.

a flW i'dlat (v.u. 4 of JyO, Being or
becoming poor ; lessening the shares in
dividing an inheritance ; — (v.n. 4 of J#c)
Having a numerous family ; keeping a
large establishment or household.

a a'dli-ma'db, Of exalted deeds.

a i'dnat (v.n. 4 of qj*), Aiding,
assisting ; assistance, help, aid, succour ;
favour, countenance, patronage.

a olsM a'ba (pi. of Hb'}, Burdens, loads,
bales (of merchandise).

a i'tdq (v.n. 4 of Setting at

liberty, bestowing freedom, giving leave ;
liberation, manumission, emancipation.

A fUct i'tam (v.n. 4 of ,***), Entering
on the first division of the night, com-
mencing after sunset ; doing anything
during that time ; being slow and tardy ;
desisting or causing one to desist from an
undertaking.

a i'tibdd (v.n. 8 of -V), Reducing

to slavery or servitude ; receiving as a ser-
vant.

a i'tibar (v.n. 8 of j*e), Taking

counsel ; taking an example or warning,
and profiting by it ; confidence, faith, belief ;
esteem, honour, reverence, veneration, re-
spect ; credit, authority, credibility ; weight,
importance ; — i'tibar ddshtan, To have con-
fidence in (m.c.) ; — i'tibar giriftan, To take
an example or warning ; — az i'tibar uftddan,
To lose credit, to lose one's character (m.c.) ;
— az i'tibar anddkhtan, To throw out of
circulation (coin, m.c.) ; — ba 'aini i'tibar.
With the eye of esteem, respectfully.
)\+xb\ i'tibar ■-nama, Credentials.

A i'tibdri, Of credit, creditable,

trustworthy, worthy of confidence, credible ;
reputable ; confidential, trusty.

( 78 ) u^l

a tW»J i'to'&af (v.n. 8 of W*), Slaughter-
ing an unblemished (camel).

A i'&tfa' (v.n. 8 of ^J*), Trans-

gressing, being iniquitous, unjust; injus-
tice.

a i'tiddd (v.n. 8 of «), Counting,

numbering ; being in the state of proba-
tion (Hddat) of a divorced woman or widow.

a A\x*\ i'tidal (v.n. 8 of J-**), Being
middling, moderate, just, or even; tem-
perateness, moderation ; evenness, equality,
equilibrium, symmetry ; the happy mean ;
frugality, temperance, sobriety ; a state (of
health, &c.) in which the four humours are
well balanced, sound health ; — i'tiddli hawd,
The temperature or salubrity of the air ; —
i'tidal kardan, To temperate, moderate ; —
bar i'tidal, Of middle height (stature).

a ^xbA i'tiddli = the preceding ; also
adjective formed from it, as moderate, sym-
metrical, &c.

a i'tizdr (v.n. 8 of j^c), Apology,
excuse ; — i'tizdr kardan, To excuse, make
an apology.

a iuU i'tizdr-ndma, A letter of apo-

a (jj'lsj^ i'iizdri, One who apologizes ;
apologetical.

A <\fc\ i'tird' (v.n. 8 of ^), Coming
upon, down upon, over one; desiring,
seeking.

a ,j\fA i'tirdz (v.n. 8 of Opposi-
tion; refusing assent, objection; criticism,
animadversion, strictures, fault-finding,
cavilling ; displeasure ; — i'tirdzi zdhitah, A
technical objection.

a wWyitl i'lirdzdt (pi. of the preceding),
Oppositions.

a ^y*\ i'tirdzi, Objecting, one who
objects, Ac.

a i'tirdf (v.n. 8 of <-J/=), Confess-

ing, acknowledging, avowing ; — i'tirdf
dwardan, i'tirdf ddshtan, To avow, to
acknowledge.

a i'tirdk (v.n. 8 of ^jc), Pressing

one upon another, gathering, assembling.

a »\y*\ i'tizd' (v.n. 8 of jjc), Claiming
relationship.

A.j\-jZc\ i'titsdz (v.n. 8 of j*), Priding one-
self upon, esteeming oneself ennobled by ;
prevalence, excellence.

a Jtaast i'tizdl (v.n, 8 of Jjc), Separating
oneselt from the rest, secession, dissent,
schism ; withdrawing from office, abdication,
resignation.

a jl~xe^ i'tisdr (v.n. 8 of ^-e) , Compel-
ling, forcing, using violence.

a ^Ujc^ i'tiede (v.n. 8 of <jr*), Going
the nightly round, patrolling.

a i'tiedf (v.n. 8 of U i- f ), Stray-

ing, deviating from the right way ; op-
pression, injury.

a jiLiUe^ i'tiehdBh (v.n. 8 of J***), Laying
in a small quantity of provisions.

a J^exe\ i'tisdr (v.n. 8 of yz), Squeezing,
expressing (juice), withholding property ;
extorting money ; taking refuge.

a («U>xc\ i'tisdm (v.n. 8 of f*), Pre-
serving oneself from sin, abstaining from
what is sinful or unlawful ; laying firm
hold of ;~i'tisum kardan, To grip, to seize
and hold fast.

a oliic) i'tizdd (v.n. 8 of J^c), Begging
assistance ; taking or putting under the
arm.

a i'tiqdd (v.n. 8 of <tfc), Being very
hard, firm, and strong ; believing ; confi-
dence, faith, belief, trust ; dependence ;—
i'tiqdd ddshtan, i'tiqdd kardan, To place con-
fidence in, to believe.

a uiAAixt:] i'tiqdddt (pi. of the preceding),
Beliefs, &c.

a ^oUac^ i'tiqddi, Confidence, faith, trust ;
one in whom faith is placed, trustworthy.

A JUwl i'Uqal (v.n. 8 of Jte), Being
bound, imprisoned; binding, imprisoning;
carrying a spear between leg and saddle ;
twisting the legs between those of a sheep
to steady it while milking or slaughtering it.

A i'tikdf (v.n, 8 of <-A£c), Con-

tinuing in prayer, remaining constantly in
the mosque ; retirement, seclusion (in a
place of worship) ; restraining one's pas-
sions from religious motives ; constant
devotions,

a p&»\ i'tild* (v.n. 8 of Raising,
elevating ; height, elevation.

a <a^ic\ i'tildf, The eating of provender.

a jbl i'tildq (v.n. 8 of (jlc), Being at-
tached, devoted to, loving ; being tied to.

a J&m\ i'tilal (v.n. 8 of Je), Being weak,
sickly, ailing; seeking for or adducing a
pretext ; turning (a man from a resolution),
diverting (him) from (his) design.

A «A*as\ i'timdd (v.n. 8 of Leaning,
depending, relying upon, trusting or com-
mitting oneself (to anything) ; faith, confi-
dence, trust ; dependence, reliance ; a sup-
port, prop ; — i'timdd kardan, To rely.

a i'timdd-ndma, Credentials.

a ,_s jUjic\ i'tim ddi, Worthy of confidence ;
reliable, trustworthy.

A _)Uic\ i'fimdr (v.n. 8 of y**), Visiting,
frequenting ; performing the 'umrah or
lesser pilgrimage ; putting on a turban
i'imdrat).

a JU*c\ i'timdl (v.n. 8 of J+e), Doing
anything oneself ; being constantly at
work.

a (iuxe\ i'timam (v.n. 8 of ^), Putting
on a turban ('imdmat).

a J«*ic\ i'timid (by Imalah for i'timdd),
Eeliance.

a »U»1 i'tind' (v.n. 8 of (j^), Taking
pains, looking after, managing; anxiety,
care ; attention, study, labour.

AjUsc\ i'Una* (v.n. 8 >f y*), Declining,

( 74 )

turning to one side ; travelling far, from
place to place.

a jLwct i'/indq (v.n. 8 of ij^), Throwing
the arms round one another's neck (in
friendship or in combat).

a i'tiwar (v.n. 8 of Borrowing

from one another.

a i'tiyad (v.n. 8 of ->f>), Coming

back ; making a habit or custom ; (in
comp.) accustomed or addicted to, as ddd-
iHiydd, Accustomed to justice ; — masarrat-
i'tiydd, Prone to joy.

a u&W*^ i'tiyds (v.n. 8 of u^y*), Being
difficult, intricate ; not holding to the male.

a u*W^ i'tiyaz (v.n. 8 of tj'jz), Accept-
ing a substitute, receiving an equivalent.

a jsWI i'tiyaq (v.n. 8 of Jf), Hindering,
preventing ; holding back.

a s^*^ i'jdb (v.n. 4 of s-^c), Causing
surprise; giving pleasure; being pleased,
infatuation.

a a'jaz (pi. of 'ajuz, &c), The

hinder parts, the buttocks ; — i'jdz (v.n. 4 of
y* D ), Kendering or finding weak ; disap-
pointment ; wonder, astonishment, amaze-
ment, surprise ; a miracle; — i'jdzimasihi, A
miraculous cure, equalling those wrought
bj the Messiah.

a JjiW^ i'jdz-war, Who performs miracles,
does wonderful things.

a JW^ i'jdl (v.n. 4 of J* 11 ), Accelera-
ting, stimulating, urging, investigating,

a i'jdm (v.n. 4 of f>+P), Marking a
consonant with diacritical points ; speaking
or writing Arabic incorrectly.

a y+s\ a'jaz, More or most impotent ;
large about the buttockB.

a <_a^b\ a'jaf, Thin, lean, meagre.

a a'jam, One who speaks Arabic

without elegance.

a 13*-%^ a'jami, A barbarian, one who
does not speak Arabic.

a u'jubat, u'jubah, A miracle, a

prodigy, a wonderful thing.

a J&))^£\ ti'jubagi, Playfulness, f rolic-
someness.

a oW\ a'dd' (pi. of 'aduio), Enemies ; —
a'da'i daulat, Enemies of the State ; — a'dd'i
din, Enemies of the faith.

A oWl a'ddd (pi. of 'adad), Numbers
{a'dddi mutaba'in, Incommensurable num-
bers, prime numbers ; — a'dddi mutaddkJtU,
Concordant numbers ; — a'dddi mutamdsil,
Like or equal numbers ;— a'dddi mutaivafiq,
Composite numbers) ; — i'ddd (v.n. 4 of 2*),
Preparing, making ready ; — i'dddi saman
kardan, To count out mouey.

a |»W^ i'ddm (v.n.4of (•■**), Annihilating,
destroying ; being wanting and not to be
had; preventing.

a Jj*\ a'dal, More or most just, equal,
temperate; — a 'dali a&hdb, Most just of the
companions ; — a'dali saldtln, Most equitable
of kings.

a a'dd, More or most hostile.
a v>Uc\ i'zdb (v.n. 4 of v^), Torment-
ing.

A jliel a' gar (pi. of 'uzr), Excuses ; — i'zdr
(v.n. 4 of j-ic), Excusing, making apologies,
inventing excuses ; circumcising ; providing
a feast on circumcising a child or finishing
a house ; being very sinful, criminal, vicious ;
bridling (a horse) ; putting on the head-
still (%/??•).

a s^r°* rtrab, Wild wandering Arabs ; —
i'rdb (v.n. 4 of v/0> Speaking, reasoning
in Arabic ; using shameful, indecent, and
obscene language ; inflecting, declining an
an Arabic noun or verb ; the vowels and
diacritical points in Arabic.

a <jrf\/^ a'rabi, An Arab of the desert.

a eys\ i'rdj (v.n. 4 of g/:), Making lame,
crippling.

a ij*\f\ a'rds (pi. of Hrs), Spouses, brides ;
— i'rda (v.n. 4 of (j*/ 1 ), Being a bridegroom,
a bride ; preparing a (marriage) feast ; con-
jugal intercourse.

A yfyrf a'rdz, Illness ; events, accidents ;
accidentals ; bodies (a'rdzi jismaniyah,
Corporeal faculties ; — a'rdzi zdtiyah, Essen-
tial properties ; — a'rdzi ruhdniyah, Spiritual
endowments) ; — i'rdz (v.n. 4 of (j*^), Turn-
ing away the face, declining, shunning,
avoiding, flying from, opposing; aversion,
dislike; appearing, being manifest; making
broad ; standing erect and presenting a
good mark (a deer) ; bearing a child of a
broad squat form ; castrating.

a i-rtysl n'rdf, The boundary between
Paradise and Hell, a kind of Purgatory
which, according to Sa'di, appears a hell to
the blessed, and a heaven to the damned ;
a sort of palm-tree; (pi. of 'urf\ Crests,
manes, combs of birds ; — i'rdf (v.n. 4 of
<J^), Having a long mane.

ijyi i'rdk (v.n. 4 of j/i), Diluting wine
with a little water ; being rooted ; shoot-
ing its roots in all directions (a tree) ; go-
ing into Irak.

a e ; c1 a' raj, Lame by nature, lame,
cripple from the birth ;—Umuri a'raj, Lame
Timur (Tamerlane).

a <~ijc\ a'raf, Thick-maned (horse) ; more
or most knowing or intelligent ; more or
most known, better or best known.

\ye\ a'azz, More or most glorious ; dearer,
dearest.

a i'zaz (v.n. 4 of ys), Strengthening,
invigorating ; honouring ; magnifying ;
honour, esteem, respect, attention ; having
the orifice of the teat very small (a camel
or a sheep) ; having a painful conception
and gestation (a cow) ; lighting upon hard
ground ; being grieved and uneasy ; — i'zaz
kardan, To honour, respect, revere.

A Sjri a'izzat, a'izza (pi. of 'aziz), Ex-
cellent, rare, incomparable, dear, precious,
glorious, powerful.

& (

A J)^ a'zal, A man unarmed ; a cloud
without rain ; detached, separate (a star,
also called simdki a'zal, in the constellation
Virgo) ; (a horse) whose tail habitually
inclines to one side.

A i'ear (v.n. 4 of Being poor.
a'sar, More or mo^t difficult.

a j^iM a'shar (pi. of 'ushr), Tenths; de-
cadts of verses into which the Kur'an is
divided ; portions of slaughtered camels ;
the outside feathers in a bird's wing j (a
pot) broken in ten pieces ; (met.) a broken
heart (a'shdri ehar'fya, The ten command-
ments) ; — i'shdr (v.n. 4 of Being
owner of tenths ; being ten iu number
(men).

a jb'iAe) a'skdeh (pi. of 'ushsh), Birds'
nests built in trees ; — i'shush (v.n. 4 of

y**), Molesting anyone so as to oblige
him to quit his habitation.

a ,$fi*\ a'sM, Purblind ; blind at night.

A \>\*e\ a'sdb (pi. of 'asab), Nerves, ten-
dons, sinews.

a j\*e\ a'sar (pi. of 'asr), Ages, times
(saldfini a'sar, The monarchs of the times) ;
— i'sdr (v.n, 4 or y<&), Becoming marriage-
able (a girl) ; entering upon the afternoon ;
being near raining (a cloud) ; hurricanes,
tornadoes.

i'sam (v.n. 4 of j***), Fastening a
belt called 'isam round the mouth of a
leathern bottle, by which it is closed or
carried or hung up ; fixing a loop or any-
thing similar to a saddle, for the rider to
lay hold of, and thus save himself when in
danger of falling.

a t**t\ a' sain, (A crow) with white feathers
in the wings ; (a stag) having white on
either or both the fore-feet, the rest of the
body being black or red,

a »Uc^ a'zd' (pi. of 'izw, 'uzw), Members,
HmbB; — a'zd'i tandml, Organs of generation;
— a'zd'i ra'lsah, The principal members, the
vital parts (the heart, brain, liver, testicles).

a y*Urf i'zdz (v.n. 4 of (J^), Striking
one (with a sword) ; feeding upon the
prickly shrub 'wzz (camels) ; being possessed
of such camels.

A .AW i'ta' (v.n. 4 of y*), Giving, offer-
ing, bestowing, presenting.

a J*^\ i'tdsh (v.n. 4 of J&z), Making
thirBty.

a a'tdf (pi. of 'atf), Favours, boun-
ties.

a 0Uac\ a'tdn (pi. of 'atari), Places near
wellB where (camels) recline after drink-
ing.

A j»lke\ i'gdtn (v.n. 4 of ( »l= c ), Magnifying,
honouring, praising.

a a'zam, Greater, larger, bigger,

greatest; superior, supreme; — a* garni gald-
tmi 'tftant u aJerami khawdqini kiram, The
greatest of sovereign princes, and the most

75 ) ^1

noble of noble kings ; — waziri a'zam, The
grand vazir.

a//^e\ a'zamtar, Greater, bigger.

A >AAe! i'fd' (v.n. 4 of jic), Granting im-
munity or pardon.

a «_JUe\ i'fdf (v.n. 4 of <-^ E ), Making one
to abstain (from things forbidden).

A s^\ic\ a'qdb (pi. of 'aqib), Heels ; off-
springs, descendants, succeeding children ;
— i'qdb (v.n. 4 of >-t-»£), Succeeding (as a
son to his father) ; requiting.

a Jiicl a'qal. More or most wise, prudent,
or intelligent ; bow-legged, distorted-legged.

a »W i'hV (v.n. 4 of ye), Exalting, eleva-
ting ; ascending ; — i'lti kardan, To elevate.

A jW i'ldq (v.n. 4 of i^le), Suspending,
hanging up ; fixing the claws, &c. into any-
thing, attaching.

a Hal (v.n. 4 of Jc), Afflicting with
any ailment or distemper ('Mat).

A f&*\ a'lam (pi. of 'alam), Flags, stan-
dards, ensigns, colours, banderols, streamers,
pennants ; mountains ; — i'lam (v.n. 4 of
^ic), Announcing, proclaiming, indicating,
informing, teaching ; distinguishing oneself
(in battle) ; distinction ; notification, pro-
clamation, notice, citation, warrant; — i'lnmi
jang, Declaration of war ; — i'lam dddan, To
give information ; — i'lam kardan, To make
proclamation, to announce ; marking cloth
(as weavers, fullers, or bleachers).

a i'lam ndmah, A proclamation.

a 0ic\ i'ldn (v.u. 4 of (j>lc), Publishing,
divulging, manifesting; publication, declara-
tion, proclamation.

A (J>*\ a'lam, More or most learned ; one
who has a fissure in the upper lip; — alldh
a'lam, God knows best, God knows.

a JjVc\ a'ld, Higher, highest, upper ; of
higher authority ; most exalted, supreme,
paramount, pre-eminent ; chief, principal ;
— a'Wi 'illiyin, The summit of the seventh
heaven.

uyj^^icl a'ld-hazrat, His most exalted
majesty (m.c).

a a'amm, More or most common,
general, universal, concerning all.'

a »Uc^ i'vid' (v.n. 4 of lJ *e), Making
blind.

a jUc^ a'mdr (pi. of 'umr), Lives, life-
times ; — i'mar (v.n. 4 of j*e), Giving to one
during life (a horse or an estate).

A JUc^ a'm'd (pi. of \imal), Works, acts,
labours (a'mdli pasandida, Approved works);
— i'mdl (v.n. 4 of J^), Causing or teaching
to act or operate ; applying.

a 4*»l> JUc\ a'mdl-ndmah, Register of one's
actions, the book iu which the deeds of
men are supposed to be recorded.

a fU^ a'mf'm (pi. of 'amm). Paternal
uncles ; — i'mdm (v.n. 4 of ft), Having
many paternal uncles.

a a' mash, Having watering eyes,

dim-sighted.

fp) (

a Jj*^ a'md, Blind ; a desert ; ignorant.

a a'ndq (pi. of 'unq, 'unuq), Necks ;
princes, chiefs ; — a'ndqu 'r-rlh, Particles of
dust raised by the wind ; — i'ndq (v.n. 4 of
Ornamenting with a collar (a dog's
neck) ; making a collar.

A iy*\ a'naq, Cong-necked ; having any-
thing suspended at the neck.

Ajty^ i'wdz (v.n. 4 of Being indi-
gent ; impoverishing, reducing to poverty ;
being difficult.

a [jAyiX i'wds (v,n. 4 of Embarrass-
ing, reducing (an opponent) to a nonplus,
dumfoundiiig.

a JV»\ i'wal (v.n, 4 of J/ 5 ), Weeping
aloud, wailing.

a |»\y*l a' warn (pi, of 'dm), Tears ; times.

a a'wdn (pi. of l aun), Helpers,

allies, assistants, aiders.

a ey^ a'waj, Crooked, wry, distorted.

a sWy\ i'wijdj (v.n. 9 of eyO, Being
crooked; crookedness, curvature, obliquity.

a jf^ a'war, One-eyed ; a bad guide ; a
road without sign-post ; a crow ; weak,
timorous, pusillanimous ; corrupt, bad (word
or action) ; stupid ; illegible (book) ; (a
horseman) destitute of whip or switch ; one
who has no brother germain ; disappointed
and frustrated in the attainment of one's
object.

a i'ya' (v.n. 4 of ,j£), Being wearied
with travelling ; fatiguing, tiring ; being or
making difficult (business).

a a'ywn (pi. of 'ain), Eyes ; great
men ; grandees, nobles ; — a'ydni daulat,
(eyes of the State) Ministers ; — a'ydnimum-
kindt, The most excellent of creatures ; —
afydni sabitah, Figures emblematic of the
names of God.

a a'ydni, Princely, grand ; any-

thing in an emphatical manner, ko.t igoxqv,
as barddari a'ydni, A uterine brother.

a a'yan, One who has large or black
eyes ; — a'yun (pi. under ten of 'ain), Eyes.

\£\ dghd, A great lord, nobleman, head,
cnief master, commander ; a eunuch (as
having the principal charge of the seraglio).

t a AiSjli 1 ; dglid-daldla (for dallala), A
woman who serves as a professional pro-
curess to other women.

A ighdsat (v.n. 4 of ^j*), Bringing
help, succouring; giving rain.

dg&dr, aghdr, A sinking of mois-
ture into the ground; instigation, setting
against, inciting to fight ; (imp. of dghdr-
dan or dghdfidan, used in comp.) mixed,
kneaded, moistened ; mixing, &c. ; excited,
instigated ; (= tSj^) a vessel.

yV^j^ dghdrdnidan, To throw down; to
move.

a ighilrat (v.n. 4 of j^i), Coming into
a low-lying hollow country (called ghaur) ;
having the eyes deep sunk in their sockets;
making a hostile incursion into an enemy's

76 ) MA

country ; making haste ; twisting (a rope)
firmly.

dghdrad, Bruising, crushing; ex-
citing.

dghdrdan, Q^^tb aghdrdan, To
moisten, macerate ; to mix, to knead ; to
cause to move, to rouse, to excite ; to sink,
or to cause (water) to sink into the ground.

i))^ dghdroz, Beginning, commencement.

*>l*T dgkdra, The latchet of a shoe j
under-leather.

(^j^l dghdri, A vessel.

yVj^t dghdridan, To moisten, wet, mace-
rate, bring almost to a solution; to excite,
instigate.

CJfSjjW agkdrvjiin (G. ayapuAv), Common
agarick, Boletus igniarius.

j£\ dghdz, Beginning, commencement ;
design, wish ; echo, call ; — dghdz lcardan,
dghax numudan, To commence, make a
beginning ; to design, will.

ai/Jids, Will, intention, design; a
voice, noise, echo ; a beginning, commence-
ment.

J^\)^T dghdz-kdr, Beginning.

dghdz-gdh, God, as from whom all
things take their beginning; the crystal
sphere, the empyrean.

^■)^\ dgAazanda, The beginner, origi-
nator, i.e. God.

ugjiglt-ughgh, The noise made in the
throat in gurgling.

dglidm, The beginning of a work ; —

also —

8jW aghdm, A cobbler's tool ; the sole of
a shoe.

y*>j^ dgkdzidan, To begin ; to design ;
to will ; to engage in combat.

\J&& dgkdah, aghjish. Recorded ; accumu-
lated .

U-sa^ aghdshtan, To accumulate, throw
one above another ; place one thing before
another.

J^i dghdl, Instigation, excitement ; a
setting in motion ; the swallowing of food
not masticated ; seizing, capturing ; a
sheep-cote; a hive; a beginning, com-
mencement; a moistening, macerating; —
dgkdli pashah, and —

J^f dgkal pashah, The lote-tree ; the
gnat-tree, with large smooth stem and thick
foliage.

aghdlish, ij^^ aghdlish, Instiga-
tion, incitement to crime.

yAiS^ dghdlishtan, To accumulate, heap.

g aghdliikhi, Aloes.

yj.J^ Ogjuilldan, t} 1 **^ aghdlidan, To
excite, rouse, animate (to battle) ; to be
hot, fiery, and contentious ; to confine, re-
duce to straits.

a aghnllt (pi. of ughlutat), Ques-

tions, doubts, or whatever matters are
liable to error or reprehension j things
which mislead.

w (

A ag]idni (pi. of ugAniyat), ^tU^

<jV" ajjt&ani sardy, Songs.

<S^T dg&dydn (pi. of dg£a), Great lords ;
a king's daughter.

a jtt\ aghbar, Soiled with dust.

a jV^ ighbirar (v.n.9 of r^), Being very
dusty, soiled.

A L\*iM igteibdt (v.n. 8 of !*<•*), Being in
happy circumstances ; being jealous of
another's happiness.

A <^>\fk\ igjttirdb (v.u. 8 of ^fi), Tra-
velling into foreign parts ; marrying a
foreigner.

A jUxM igidirar (v.n. 8 of j£) , Being de-
ceived; coming upon one suddenly.

A igjdirdf (v.n. 8 of «-*j fe ), Drinking

water (out of the hand).

a JL-stl iy&tigdl (v.n. 8 of J-*), Wash-
ing oneself ; ablution.

A Jk\*lj£\ igktishash (v.n. 8 of JLfc),
Rebellion, riot.

a yeUs^ igkUsas (v.n. 8 of Jo*), Being
choked, suffocated; grieving sorely, being
in great anxiety.

A)Wsi\ igjdimdx (v.n. 8 of Cen-
suring, condemning, reviling, reproaching,
disgracing.

A ,j.U»xM igfctimat (v.n. 8 of (j"** 4 ),
Diving.

A yiU^M igJitimuz (v.n. 8 of <j^*i), Wink-
ing, dozing.

a ighiim&m (v.n. 8 of j*k), Being

sad and gloomy ; sadneBs, gloom.

A f\ijM igktinam (v.n. 8 of j*^), Getting
spoil or plunder; seizing-, carrying off;
seizing an opportunity.

a t^sil ightiyaz (v.n. 8 of ^k), Being
angrv, enraged.

A JLiil ightiyal (v.n. 8 of jy=), As-
saulting, rushing upon, or killing suddenly ;
— (v.n. 8 of J*t) Growing fat and plump
(a boy).

A tiSt\ aghnyat (pi. of ghiza'), Aliments.
agMr, The dry bed of a river with a
little water left here and there.

a r*f agAarr, White, bright ; with a white
spot on the forehead (a horse) ; noble, il-
lustrious.

a *\/\ iff&ra' (v.n. 4 of jp*), Instigating,
exciting, stirring up ; setting one against
another.

A *yt\/*\ igkrab (v.n. 4 of ^■fi), Bring-
ing:, performing or relating anything new,
foreign, strange, or wonderful ; being new,
stTange, &c. ; filling (a water-bag).

A agkr&Z (pi. of gharaz), Designs,

aimB, intentions, ends, views, objects, pur-
poses, wishes, motives j interests ; — ig&rdz
(v.n. 4 of y*r*)> Tiring, fatiguing, vesting ;
girthing (a camel).

A ighrdq (v.n. 4 of jyO< Causing

to sink or drown, drowning, submersion;
exaggeration in praise or blame.

a ijfkram (v.n. 4 of fjk), Mulcting,

77 ) J*l

fining'; destroying ; causing to become ob-
noxious, injurious.

a afrftrab, More or most strange,
wonderful.

a »«»^ dg&arda (A garment) thin and
flimsy.

dp&irsatis (G. dypuKrris), Couch-
grass, agrostis.

tfl wghrugJt, Tent ; camp, encampment.

tfi agkra, Lichen (sYm-disea.se) ; — aghra,
A mote of kings, nobles, or judges; an
airy, windy place ; — ug^ra, A wen, a kernel.

t ugkri, A thief.

k-fi agitriya, (G-. aKpta, axpa) , A mountain.

jtjt\ agjirir, or —

* A y>^ ig&riras, The brother of Afrasiyab.

Q tj*fijtf aghriyug, A desert.

tj*— agiiistan,, To fill, to cram.

4s—fcT[ dghada, Pilled, crammed.

y-^k-i^ aghftetus, <j*<f°k\ agM.uB, The Em-
peror Augustus.

agkush, An embrace.

^.keiUi^ dgiaehtdnidan, To cause to mix
or macerate.

i J!as£\ djf&ashtagi, Alloy, mixture.

yJ^ 1 ! dgMishtan (agJtishtan, djfhustan),
To moisten ; to be moist ; to cut, hash, or
mince ; to defile, or be defiled.

ssjJ^ dg&ashta, &* A t \ agjyishta, Mixed,
moistened, smeared ; watered (ground).

tAAJi\ dg£fl*hak, Turpentine.

A yoUtl ig&sds (v.n. 4 of J^), Choking,
causing suffocation.

a £)CaM aghgdn (pi. of y&usn), Branches.

a Js>\L&\ igMdsh (v.n. 4 of Jsii), Being
dark ; making dark ; dimming the eye.

a ijXt\ aghtash, Weak-sighted.

a J^*\ ighfdl (v.n. 4 of J**), Neglecting,
overlooking.

Jil dgJiil, agiil, A sheep-cote in a moun-
tain.

a yj9-Vt aghldjicn, The aromatic aloe.

AtW aghldt (pi. of gJialat), Errors; —
igkldt (v.n. 4 of Ui), Leading into error.

a igjddz (v.n. 4 of kJ£), Using coarse
or opprobrious language ; buying coarse
(cloth), discovering (it) to be so.

a JW ig]tlaf(v.v. 4 of Ute), Sheathing,
putting up in a scabbard or sheath (g&t-
Idf).

a jW agM&q (pi. of gbalq), Locks, bars,
bolts;— ighldq (v.n. 4 of Shutting,
locking or fastening (a door) ; abstruse-
ness ; obstacle.

a JW aghldl (pi. of gAuU), Yokes or
chains for the neck (of iron, or of leather
with part of the hair adhering) ; — (pi. of
gAalal) Waters flowing amongst trees ; —
agMSli salasil, Bolts, links, or rings of

chains ig&lal (v.n. 4 of J±), Defrauding,
acting perfidiously ; becoming excessive
(thirst) ; bringing home food, for the aus-
i ten&nce of one's family; producing the

(

herbs called ([hall) ; looking sharp at ; —
igffl&l kardan, To yoke ; to pillory.

a igJildm, The act of provoking to
venery ; sodomy.

a igfeldmi, A sodomite.

a ag£lab, Superior, stronger,

strongest; prevalent; most, the greater
part ; mostly ; more or most likely ; pro-
bably.

a agjdaz, Grosser, fatter, thicker,
thickest.

a c-Alfc\ agMaf, Uncircunicised ; sheathed
(sword) ; affluent, comfortable (life) ; one
who heeds nothing.

ui«*AM ughlumish, Name of a king of
Persia.

agMan, Instigation, incitement ;
name of a prince of the race of Timur.

a ttjW ughlutat, A doubtful question,
anything that may mislead a person ; any-
thing liable to error or misapprehension.
— sW a ghl is&n. The rainbow,
<J^M\ a gh liqi (G. yXvKv), Lamb's flesh
boiled in spiced wine (see J*ft- and

a »Ui\ ig^ma' (v.n. 4 of <j**), Causing
to faint, throwing into a fit.

a agkmdd (pi. of gjiimd), Sheaths ;

— ighmdd (v.n. 4 of •**£), Sheathing (a
sword).

a jUM igkmdz (v.n. 4 of j*^), Dispara-
ging, detracting from, railing against,
blaming, reviling ; abating (the heat of the
sun) ; feeling cattle, to ascertain if they are
fat or lean.

a ijiUtl ighmdz (v.n. 4 of y 4 **)' Look-
ing with half-shut eyes ; winking at, con-
nivance ; ogling, coquetry ; supercilious-
ness ; neglect ; dissimulation ; sharpening
(the edge of a sword) ; — igkmdz kardan, To
connive at, &c.

a igkmazi, Supercilious, fasti-

dious ; proud, arrogant ; a coxcomb.

a fUi^ igkmdm (v.n. 4 of ^), Being
overcast with clouds (the sky).

A aghmas, Blear-eyed.

a aghann. One who speaks through
the nose, or with a nasal twang.

a Aa£^ rghna' (v.u. 4 of ij^), Enriching,
rendering independent, enabling to do
without.

*>£S tighand, Stuffed, crammed.

yxii^ gghandan. To fill, stuff, cram.

sjut^ dghanda. Filled, stuffed; cram-
ming ; a stuffer ; — dgfeunda, Ball of cotton;
sort of spider.

a aghna, Richer, richest ; more or

most independent.

a eW^M aghniyd' (pi. of ag/rniy), The rich ;
independent people; — aghniytti rozgar, The
rich men of the world ;~agAniyd'' u fitqard,
The rich and poor.

a o\,t\ igjLwd' (v.u. 4 of <^ft), Seducing,
leading astray, deceiving ; seduction, temp-

78 ) UT

tation, evil suggestion ; solicitation, temp-
tation, instigation.

«^yfcT aghfrw&t (Ar, pi. of agha), Lords,
jjfcl dg&uz, The biestings of a sheep.
■J'^S dghfith, An embrace ; the bosom ;
as much as the arms can embrace or con-
tain, an armful ; a servant, slave ; — agfaosh
kardan, dar dg£.o«h kardan, To embrace,
hold, comprehend, contain.

<j>VsA^ aaAoshidan, To embrace.
Jj* 1 ! dgipl, Jj4\ agjuol, Side-glance, angry
look.

a )\?£\ agkyar, Unknown persons, stran-
gers, foreigners ; rivals, enemies.

a agkydrl, The state of being a

stranger, &c, strangeness ; rivalry.

a aghydz (pi. of gjiizat), Forests,

places abounding in trees, but having little
water ; haunts, dens.

u*;*^ dgteras, A walnut,
u-*^ a ghi s, A kind of grain.
t>^*-e*^ dgfothtan, To embrace ; to be em-
braced ; to cut, mince, hash, macerate ; to
hang, to be suspended.

agMahidan, To fear, to dread ;
to embrace ; to cut.

Je*^ dgjiil, A squint, oblique look, turn-
ing the corner of the eye, looking askance
with anger ; a sheep-cote.

yj\ of, The sun (S. dbhd) ; the musk-
deer.

u>\ of, Prefixed to verbs, corresponds with
S. abhi and ava.

a uff (P. «/), A particle expressive
of loathing and disgust, fie ! for shame !
— «/ guftan, To detest, to say Pie !

a afdt (pi. of dfat), Misfortunes,

losses, evils, troubles, calamities.

A £jU? ifddat, if Ada (v.n. 4 of J**),
Giving or allowing profit, emolument, or
advantage, benefitting ; teaching, instruct-
ing ; tenour, purport, explanation, instruc-
tion ; — ifddah kardan, To convey a meaning
or signification, to denote ; — ifddah u tbsrih
kardan, To teach and demonstrate ; — ifada'i
mardm kardan, To explain one's intentions,
a Sjvrt ifdtsat (v.n. 4 of Rendering
victorious, prosperous, successful.

a ifdzat (v.n. 4 of <J*±), Filling

(a vessel) till (it) overflows ; overflowing ;
pouring out water, shedding tears ; rushing
with impetuosity, springing ; becoming dif-
fuse in a narrative, enlarging upon.

a J.*ul aftizil (pi. of afzal), Learned, vir-
tuous, excellent ; philosophers, doctors ; —
dar nazdi afdzil, Amongst the learned.

a <UfcU\ afdgMnat, afdghina (pi. of af-
gAdn), The Afghans.

a jU^ dfdq (pi. of ufq, ufuq), Horizons,
quarters of the heavens, of the world, or
universe ; regions, tracts.

a jUl affCLq, One who travels much in
search of knowledge.

a mi jtfj dfdq-band, yU.. jU^ af&q-sitdn,

UT ( 79 )

ytf jVi 1 ^ iifdq-gir. Who conquers the universe,
subdues the world.

a teif jUf dfCtq-girifta, Celebrated, fa-
mous.

a ifdqat, ifdqah (v.n. 4 of Jy*), Re-

covering (from a distemper, swoon, insa-
nity, or ebriety) ; convalescence, recovery.

WiW afdqiyd, A kind of liquid flowing
from minerals, or expressed from acid sub-
stances.

a «*M atf&k, Addicted to lying.
fW\ afdm (for /am), Colour ; (for aw am)
debt.

a afdnln (pi. of a/Via-npl. of fanri),

Paths, ways ; branches.

a istfVrt a/a'ifc (pi. of ofifrot), Lies, false-
hoods.

^JjJ^ afpunitan (in Zand and Piizand),
To cook ; to ripen.

a it/ai, A misfortune, calamity ; bane,
pest, plague ; mortal sin ; misery ; wretched-
ness, hardship, difficulty ; — dfati dew, Pus-
tules breaking out on. the lips, from terror,
whilst asleep ; a ringworm ; — dfati samdwi,
A year of scarcity arising from too much
or too little rain, locusts, &o.

uftd (part, of uftddan), Falling.
a Azi\ iftd' (v.n. 4 of Resolving a

question of law, or a case of conscience,
triving a fatwa or legal decision.

v>^ dftdb (sunshine), The sun ; a day ;
wine ; the soul ; — dftdb uftddan (pdsMdan,
tabldan, tdftan, jahidan, damidati) bar chize,
The sun shines upon a thing ; — dftdb ba-
bdm dmadan (rasidari). The sun reaches
the zenith ; — dftdb ba-diwdr dmadan, dftdb
bar dTwdr raftan, aftdb bar sari dlwdr
biidan (dldan, shudan), The end of life,
power, prosperity, is approaching ; — dftdb
bar koh (firod koh) raftan, dftdb ba-koh firo
raftan (khwdstan), The same; — dftdb bar
labbudan (rasldan), The same; — dftdb ba-
zard rasldan, The sun sets; — dftdb ba-gil
andiidan, To try to conceal what is mani-
fest ; — dftdb pasi diwdr (jpasi koh) , The
time or approach of death or downfall ; —
dftdb ihwurdan, To be troubled by the s\ra ;
to suffer pain or hardship; — dftdb dadan,
To expose to the sun ; — dftdbi zard, The
setting sun ; a melon ; — dftdbi zard-ru (the
yellow-faced sun), A melon; yellow wine;
— dftdbi ttida, The pure sun (an epithet of
Solomon) : — dftdb niskaetan (bar zamin ni-
ghastan), The sun is setting.

JjSi s->^ dftdb alud, Sun-stained, coloured
by the sun, freckled.

dftdb-paraet, A worshipper of
the sun ; sun-flower ; a chameleon ; a
water-lily ; in India, any blue flower.

dftdb-parastr, Sun-worship.
k>^> dftdb.posh, Clad in sunny

brightness.

a «t»^ dftdb.jabin, With a sun-like
brow.

a tfW ^^i} dftdb-jalwa, Brilliant as the
sun.

t dftdbchi, A ewer-holder.

t <uW ^^-.^ dftdbchi-khdna. Place where
the ewer is kept.

a jUt s-"^ dftdb-kh'ltir, Of a bright intel-
lect.

asU. s-*^ Oftab-klidna, The sun's house
(in an astronomical sense) ; a summer-house.

a dftdb-daulat, Whose fortune

is resplendent like the sun.

csJjjj dftdb-duzdak (intercepting the
sun), A kind of parasol made of reeds.

*r>\zii\ dft&b-ru&h, With cheeks of a
bright hue.

x dftdh-ru, Exposed to the sun

(spot) ; with a face bright as the sun.

j\j ^i\x£\ dftdb-zdr, A place where suns
are growing, i.e. a garden full of flowers.

$0} sjlsil aftdb-zada. Sun -stricken, afflicted
with a sun-stroke, mad.

jjj dftdb-zard, The time of sun-set.

a 4jU.xa v>U^ dftdb-sha'sha'a, The radi-
ancy of the sun.

dftab-suwdr, An early riser.

*tf sjUi'\ dftdb-gdh, A sunny place ; a
sunshiny day ; the equinox.

s-^t dftdb-garddn, Sun-shade tent

(m.c).

\J»>jf dftdb- gardish, The surface of

the earth ; the chameleon.

^jjl s-*^ dftdb-gardak (turning to the
sun), The chameleon ; the sun-flower.

r&'tei} dftdb-gir (sun-catching), A parasol.

osJUibjJ dftdbndk, Sunny.

Ajtuba, A water-pot ; traveller's

bottle.

^\sH\ dftdbi, A kind of parasol ; an em-
bossed shield (in shape like the sun) ; in-
tensely red ; yellowish ; — dftdbi shudan, To
become clear, visible, manifest.

oUi^ uftdd, State of helplessness ; begin,
ning of life, childhood.

& \S*\xi\ (pi. of uftdda), The fallen.

.^UJrt uftddagi, Humility ; vileness ; a
fall.

qj>\s3>\ uftddan (S. pat), To fall; to be-
fal, to happen ; to submit ; to perish, be
ruined ; to be distant ; — -uftddan az, To re-
nounce; — az pa uftddan, To slip; to fall
from weakness or languor ; to be infirm ;
— az khar -uftddan, To die ; — az sari kar
uftdd, He perished ; — az shikam uftddan, To
die ; — at Mr uftddan, To leave a thing un-
finished, to desist (an kdr uftdda, abject,
useless, vile) ; — ba-mazdq tnuwdfiq uftddan,
To be acceptable, to please ; — paiwasti
(dar-paiwasti) lease uftddan, To calumniate,
to slander ; — dar afwdh uftddan, To be
recorded, to be related ; — dar pay uftddan.
To follow ; — mabzul uftddan, To be accept-
able.

uftdda, Fallen; weakened; op-
pressed j — uftddan az daeti uftddagdn, To

( 80 )

perish through the imprecations of the
oppressed.

aftaflyd, A kind of liquid flowing
from minerals, or expressed from acid sub-
stances.

JUtf ifial (imp. of the following), Dis-
persed, scattered ; rent, torn.

yj^Ltf iftdlldan, To scatter, spread, dis-
perse ; to tear; to destroy, spoil; to cleave,
break.

yUrt uftdn, Falling j he who falls ; —
uftdn u Miezdn, uftdn khezdn, Sometimes
falling and sometimes rising, walking with
difficulty, creeping along slowly, limping.

yj^iUi\ vftdmdan, To let fall, throw
down.

^Ui^ dftdwd, dftdwa (~dftdba), A

ewer.

yVbU^ uftdydnidan, To cause or let
fall ; to throw down.

a eUiit iftiidli (v.n. 8 of j-^), Opening;
beginning, commencement.

a iftihds (v.n. 8 of <j««fci), Inves-

tigating, inquiring; investigation, inquiry.

a j^zti iftikhdr (v.n. 8 of jA*), Glorying,
boasting; glory, honour, grace; elegance,
gracefulness; — iftikhdr kardan, To glory
(in anything), to boaBt of.

J^i\ aftid, Strange! a wonderful thing;
admiration ; praising ; an encomiast.

ui\ aftid'sitd, Eulogy ; praise, laud.
uftadan, To fall ; to happen.

A »\f& iflira 1 (v.n. 8 of ^sf'), Inventing a
lie ; calumny, falsehood, imposition, unjust
imputation ; — iftird kardan, To defame,
invent lies, traduce.

a iftirdB (v.n. 8 of u»y), Tearing

(bis) prey (a lion) ; finding out by a sign ;
riding on horse-back.

a J*\]*i\ iftirdsh (v.n. 8 of J"^), Spread-
ing (the arms) on the ground ; being
spread ; treading upon, trampling.

a u^V^ iftiras (v.n. 8 of Seizing
an opportunity (farsat).

a Jt>\}*i\ iftirdz (v.n. 8 of uV)> Enjoin-
ing, prescribing.

a iftirdq (v.n. 8 of jji), Being

divided, separated; removal, absence, dis-
tance, separation ; — ba-hdlati iftirdq. In a
state of separation.

iftird-kdr, A slanderer.

^$JiS\jxi\ iftird-kdri. The habit of lying,
slander.

a 6a~.j w^J^ dfat-rasida, and —

a 1S»>) dfat sadah, Afflicted, unlucky ;
stricken by calamity.

A uo^-"^ iftisds (y.n. 8 of Jai), Separa-
ting, dividing; drawing one thing out of
another.

a t^**M iftizdh (v.n. 8 of j-i*), Baing ex-
posed ; disgrace, dishonour, ignominy.

IjUji^ dftafdyd, Arnoglossa, Plantago
major (plantain), of whose acid leaves the
juice is extracted.

a jUs!\ iftiqdd (v.n, 8 of o>**), Losing, not
being able to find ; investigation, search.

a iftiqdr (v.n. 8 of ytf), Becoming
poor, needy ; poverty, want.

a iftikdr (v.n. 8 of jSA), Thinking.

a di&i] iftikdh (v.n. 8 of *uU), Bedeem-
ing, releasing (a pledge or pawn) ; being
separated.

a isjS dfat-gari, Infliction of calamity,
y^il uftan (contraction of g»>Vstf), To
fall.

^J>\ uft-u-anddti, Moving with ease,
graceful motions.

je^j cJl vft-u-khex, A middle course be-
tween haste and slowness.

afta, Understood, comprehended.
yJujj) uftidan, To fall ; to happen,
gj***^ tiftimun (G. iirtOvpov), Dodder of
thyme.

a ifja-r (v.n. 4 of Reaching,
attaining the hour of day-break.

afcha, ufcha, A scare-crow.

A V ^*i\ ifhdsh (v.n. 4 of <jW), Speak-
ing obscenely.

a fXoA ifhdm (v.n. 4 of f^i). Silencing
(in an argument) ; finding one so silenced.

a ij=y*»tf ufhus. The qatd's nest.

a ifkhdm (v.n. 4 of Honour-
ing.

a jsti\ afkhar. Finer, finest, braver,
bravest, more or most sumptuous.

a ^aiil afkham, Greater, greatest, more
or most grand.

a *i\ fifad, A nephew by the brother or
sister.

afid, Strange! anything wonderful;
admiration ; praising ; a praiser.

a f,\±A ifddm (v.n. 4 of Dyeing
red ; saturating the red colour of a stuff ;
filtering water.

afdar, afdara (S. pitrivya), A

nephew ; an uncle.

afdista, Admiration, praise, laud
I (see U_jaI\).

ufda, Open, full-blown ; wonderful,
admirable.

yVirt afdidan. To wonder, to admire.
afr, Bravo ! — afar, Name of a place
in Persia.

afra, Bravo ! well done ! praise ap-
plause.

(jVi afrdkht-jody, (j^i^Aji) afrdkhta-

pdy, Trodden under foot, trodden upon;
fugitive, poor, indigent.

^Hiit^ afrdkktagl, Elevation, exaltation.
afrdkMan, To exalt, raise, elevate.

<s^*A j>\ afrdkhta. Raised, elevated.

A oy^ afrdd (pi. of fard), Individuals,
singular numbers, single ones ; persotis ;
sheets (of paper) ; separate sheets ; — ifrda
(v.n. 4 of -i/), Being or making single, so-
litary, alone ; withdrawing from society.

a ifrdr (v.n. 4 of Jl), Putting to

yi ( si

flight ; cleaving with a sword (the head of
another).

afraz, Exalted, elevated, erect, high ;
refractory, contumacious ; open and, by
opposition, closed, bound ; ample, wide ; a
shoe, slipper ; all (opp. to single indivi-
dual) ; height, summit, protuberance ; pul-
pit ; membrum virile ; uDder, beneath ;
before, in front; afterwards, henceforth ;
(in comp. representing the pres. part, of
afrakjitan) raising, exalting, as sar-afrdz),
Eialting the head, &c. ; — afrazi pasi gosh,
A protuberance, or protruding bone behind
the ear ; — afrazi rukh. The most prominent
part of the cheek.

^ jl/ ifrdu (v.n, 4 of j^), Separating,
distinguishing.

a afrdz-ddn (for A

Bpicery-box.

(jjU^jUrt afraxidan, The upper world.

Oj^Mjl^ afrazdnidan, To exalt.

fy)V^ afraz-rukh, Having large cheeks.

*Jt^ 0'fru* a > A flame.

<-s)^ afrazi, Elevation, extension, exalta-
tion.

gjijUtf afrdzidan, To exalt; to adorn.

s/tyi ifrds, A tent; the walls of a tent.

a <j*\j^ a/ran {pi. of fame), Horses ; —
afrdsi db (water-horses), Bubbles ; the hip-
popotamus.

vW-^ afrdsiydb (Z. franuharaahya) ,
Name of an ancient king celebrated in
Persian poetry, sovereign of Turan, and a
Scythian or Turk by birth ; one who moves
leisurely on the road ; a travelling compa-
nion.

^L^jJj afrdsiydbi, Descending from
Afrasiyab.

A jAfl ifrash (v.n. 4 of ur^), Spreading
carpets and the like, making beds, laving
anything under a person ; traducing or re-
viling another whilst absent ; remaining
behind, desisting.

afrdshanldan, To cause to exalt.

^jtaMfrt afrashtagi, Exaltation,

y**^ afrdshtan, To exalt, extol, raise.

tefcy^ afrashta, Exalted, elevated, erect.

a afrdshia-qad (gadd), Tall, of

high stature.

a u»!y! ifrds (v.n. 4 of o^), Finding
time for a thing ; beiiig favourable (oppor-
tunity).

A ifrdt (v.n. 4 of u*y»), Giving ;

amounting to such a number as to be
subject to decimation or tithes (cattle or
corn).

a Uji\ ifrdt (v.n. 4 of !=y), Exceeding
bounds ; excess, superfluity, abundance,
plenty ; accelerating, hastening ; moving
with rapidity ; filling (a bag) ; sending
before ; — ifrdti akhltit, ifrdti k&uii, Ple-
thora.

a £y\ ifrdgh (v.n. 4 of £/), Emptying,

) y

pouring out ; shedding ; casting metal into
a form ; removing.

cfnih, Victuals distributed amongst
prisoners in jail.

Am, Abraham.
fcsV^ a frdy (in comp.), Creating.

afarbiyun (G. ei<£dp/3i.ov), Gum of
the euphorbium.

>&)i\ afartak, Young, full of juice.

afardastd, A spear's point ; a sum-
mit.

s— ]i\ ifraab, A beam, a roof-beam.
a gyl afra', (A man) having a fine head
of hair.

a £y\ afragh, More or most unemployed,
more or most free, more or most at lei-
sure.

g 5 ^ afranj, The Franks, French ; the
crusaders ; all Europeans.

afranj -mushk (the musk of the
Franks), A kind of sweet basil.

*=rj*\ ifranjat, afranja, Name of a city in
Egypt ; Eastern Africa ; Europe ; a bug-
bear to frighten children.

(^jJl afranji, A Frank.

a Q^fi afrinjiyun, (in astr.) The lower
apsis.

afrand, Splendour; beauty ; dignity ;
— ifrind, A sword ; the lustre of a polished
sword, &c.

e J *'*>j*l afrandidan, To decorate, embel-
lish.

>*&f\ afrang, Elegance, dignity, grace ;
magnificence, grandeur, power ; magnitude;
a throne ; a crown ; provisions, necessaries ;
— afrang, if ring, A European, a Frank.

t)^>i\ afiringdn, A chapter of Zand-
avasta.

^iijjit afrokhtagi, Combustion, blaze.

afrokhtan (S. ruck), To inflame,
set on fire ; to kindle ; to blaze, to flame ;
to polish.

afrohMa, Inflamed, lighted ; shi-
ning, radiant ; polished, furbished ; — cha~
rdyki afrokhta, A blazing lamp; a depen-
dant.

a froz (imp. of afrokhtan with the
signification of the pres. part, in comp.),
Burning ; illuminating, dazzling, anima-
ting, as bostdn-afroz, Dazzling the garden
(the anemone), Ac.
Ifcr^ afrozd, Burning ; polishing.

afroza.nidan, To make bum,

kindle.

^Jkijj^ afrozandan, To be burnt, con-
sumed.

afrozanda, A polisher; one who
sets on fire ; bright, shining, radiant.

ijyrt afroza, The wick of a lamp.

yjjj^\ afrozidan, To kindle ; to polish,
to make bright ; to shine, to be very
bright.

(jj^sJU-j^ afrusaliyin (G. a<£p«xr e'X.iji'os),
The moon-stone.

y> ( 82 )

afrosa, afrosha, A dish made

of butter, honey and flour ; bruised wheat
or barley, aud victuals dressed with it ; a
confection made of almonds; a dish made
of yolu of egg, milk and syrup.

t)/l afrogfi,, The rays of the sun ; the
beams of the moon ; the light of a candle.

fy\ afra, Retribution, punishment (see

S~*>^ afrahanj, Dodder.
^jiS afri, afarl, Well done !
jtffyif afridgdr, }$iHp\ afrldagar, The
Creator.

O'Vy^ afridan, To create ; creating ; crea-
tion.

Oj'tjti afridun, afridun, Bee <$y*t.^ .
tJiji\ dfrida, Created ; man, as created
being.

a ^\ ifriz, The coping of a wall ; a pro-
jection or slab over a door ; a brick house ;
a botcher.

o y - **— afrismut, Priapism.

{*t*>jft afritharn, Silk ; the string of a
musical instrument.

a i*tAjl>\ ifriqiya, Africa.

gtji] dfirin, dfrin, Praise, glory, applause,
encomium, benediction, blessing ; blessed;
well done ! bravo ! name of the first of the
five intercalary days of ihe Persian year ;
(in com p.) creating, as jdn-afirin, Crea-
ting the soul, &c. ; — dfirin Miwdndan, To
applaud ; — dfirin kardan, To praise, ap-
plaud ; to bless ; to describe ; to create.

Wjl^ dfirind, *-u-*4^ dfirinanda, The
Creator.

AiU. tfift afirin-h^dna, An oratory.

oV" dfirin-khwdn, Who praises,

blesses, &c.

u*^>^ dfirinish, Creation ; created thing ;
creature.

dfinnagdn, Feasts held in honour
of the memory of departed friends.

/ tXyl dfirin-gar, <jy< o*/, dfirin-gdy.
Who utters praise, confers a blessing.

\/\ afzd, . More ; greater ; yawning ; in-
crease, augmentation ; (in comp.) increasing,
promoting, causing, as : bahjat-qfza, Pro-
moting or increasing cheerfulness, <ftc.

Jifl a/ear, A shoe ; a weaver's comb ; an
artificer's tool ; the sail of a ship ; (for A.

any herbs or hot seasonings with
which victuals are dressed.

\ jV* qfear-pdt A shoe, a slipper.

a <$\>i)ty>\ afs&rdan, A vessel wherein they
keep seasonings for meat, a spicery-box.

a ifzaz (v.n. 4 of ^»), Frightening,
terrifying; causing to jump ; making light
of.

a jyi (v.n. 4 of £jJ), Frightening,
terrifying, confounding, distracting ; as-
gisting, aiding, succouring, redressing
wrongs.

yj^yt afzanidan, To multiply ; to grow.

afxdyd, Adding.
<j-^^.yi afzuydntdan, To ciiuse to in-
crease.

CJ^^ ofzdyidan, y-Jufyrt afvV'uJan, To
add ; to exalt ; to be exalted, to be high ;
to fall ; — ofzdyidan dar qlmati chize, To offer
higher for anything, to raise the price.

u~>.^ afzdyish, Abundance, increase, in-
crement, augmentation ; — afzdyish kardan,
To increase ; to grow ; — afzdyish numudan,
To augment; to be augmeuted.

J_yrt afzud, Increase, addition ; more.

O-^jj)*^ afmdan, To add, to increase ; to be
increased ; multiply, abound, overflow, re-
main over; to prosper (m.c).

sjj)rt afzuda. Increased.

afzun, More, greater ; more ample,
spacious ; manifold ; — afzun timadan, To
superabound, be redundant; to prevail,
excel ; — afzun kardan. To increase, to mul-
tiply ; — afzun mdndan, To remain over and
above; — afzilni nan, Ferment, leaven.

r*"^ afzimtar, More, greater, more excel-
lent.

^fiti afzilni, Increase, enlargement,
abundance, excess, superfluity ; — afzu.nl
kardan, To ask more than enough, to ex-
ceed bounds, to be unreasonable ;—afziini'i
nun, The fermentation or raising of inead;
— tama'i afzuni kardan, gardi afzuni gardi-
dan, To wish for more, to be greedy.

t}J;j^ afzhudan, To throw away, cast
down ; to grasp, tie, or hold fast ; to press,
squeeze.

Jjj)tf afxhul, Incitement, impulse ; ur-
gency, exaction ; scattered, dissipated.

y-x-ilijjrt afzhuldnidan, To cause to drink
and quench thirst ; to cause to excite.

4J -^)3't afzhulanda, Exciting; expelling.

y-VsJ^t afzhuUdan, To instigate, rouse,
stir up ; to render bold ; to bring to a
head ; to importune, dun ; to scatter ; to
shake off dust settled on a garment; to
quench thirst.

afzhidan = q.v.

L»ir afsd, Fascinating; a wizard, an en-
chanter.

a JUj^ ifsdd (v.n. 4 of Corrupting,
vitiating, destroying, adulterating ; spoil-
ing, laying waste, damaging, injurirg.

jL-il afsdr, Faseiuatiug ; a headstall ; — ■
of sari dum, A crupper ; — a/sdr kashxdan,
To put on the headstall.

yjjU^ afsdrdan, To press, squeeze,
strain, constrain; to speak idly, obscenely,
profanely.

— 1\ afgdn, Fascinating ; a magician ; a
fable, story ; an event, accident ; a whet-
stone.

(jjjbJUL-rt afedndnldan, To pause to relate.

a — i\ ifsdniie, Th« ocean.

AiL.lt dfsdna, <UL-i\ afsdna, A charm, in-
cantation ; a fiction, tale, fable, romance,
parable ; a narrative, a story of past events;

( 83 )

public, notorious, noted ; — afedna- bastan,
To arrange or compose a tale;- — afsdna
guftan, To speak parables, tell stories ; —
afsuna u af#un, Fictions ami deceitful tales.

4iUa\ afsdna-parddz, A concocter of
stories.

jL» u\ — it afsdna-sdz, J^L. <i)U.*t afsdna-
stgdl, gi- afsdna-sanj, A story-teller,

a composer of tales.

jS iiL.il afsdna-go, A romancer.

^fjf «U»i\ afsnna-go'l, Story -telling.

yVLj^ afsdnidan, To tell stories ; to
extend, grow ; to make straight ; to tame,
make obedient; to rub, to smoothe.

(jV-il afsdy, An enchanter.

yjJ^U-it afsdydnidan, To make tell
6tories.

y^-jjLjt afsdyldan, To subdue, especially
by magic.

a afsak, More and most spacious,

roomy.

a afsad, More or most corrupt, mis-
chievous.

j«-*t a/ear, A crown, diadem ; a bridle,
halter ; — afsari dairi a'zam, The sun ; —
afeari ear, The crown of the head ; — afsari
siqzi, A kind of musical instrument ; me-
lody ; — afsar thudan, To he crowned.

\j\ afsar-drd. (gracing the diadem),
Title of a princess.

fcj-^j— i\ afsurdnidan, To cause t o freeze ;
to cause to become languid, dull, melan-
choly.

JZjy-i) afwrdayi, Congelation ; dejec-
tion.

yj^-it afsvrdan, To freeze, congeal ; to
grow faint, feeble, dejected ; to flag,
wither.

iWj-it afsurda, Congealed ; melancholy.

<jjW ljy~i\ afmrda-baydn, A dull or in-
sipid speaker, a silly talker.

yU_i so^t afsnr da-fist an, A barren
woman ; a woman who has miscarried.

^ afsurda-jdn, (»J afsurda-

dam = c>Wj *«>/~rt q.v.

iij^Jt afsurda-kka£ir, Dispirited,
sj^wil afsurda-dil, Faint-hearted, low-
spirited, dull, lifeless.

gty afewda-rawdn = J J 4j r~ ^

q.v.

sj^-i^ afsurda-mihr, Lukewarm m
oue's affections.

afsargar, Crested ; a bird of para-
dise,

^jjSL. j-J\ afsar-sigzi = afsari sigzl, q.v.
under y~ it .

afsintin (G. 6.<l>lv6iw), Wormwood,
j-it afeu, A fork ; (iu Zand and Pa2;md)
Come then.

-ufsur, Shame; a kind of wild

beast.

^-it afsos, Irritation, vexation, sorrow,
concern; wit, humour, jest; tyranny, op-
pression ; error ; ridicule, derision ; reluc-

*5jj ^ etf"**^ afsun-pizhuh, An enchanter,

tance (ra.c.) ; ah ! alas '.—afsos fchwurdan,
To be grieved; to regret (m.c.) '; — afsos
ddshtan, To ridicule, to banter, to play
upon, mock, deride, despise, affront;—
afsos ha.rda.ri, To comphiin, to groan ; to
lament ; to play, divert oneself.
i_r.j.~Jt afsi'ts (G, c^eVos), Ephesns.

afsRn, An incantation, a fascina-
tion, verses used in spells; fraud, deceit;—
afsuni jiuld'i, A spell to bring about the
separation of two persons ; — afaZti kJupdn-
dan, To uttev spells or incantations ; — aft Cm
ddshtan, To charm, to do wonders (m.c);
— afruni gurgi, A spell which secures
against, defeat ; — afmini maslhd. The
miraculous power of reviving the dead,
y^—it afsiin-parddz, and

or-*'

wizard.

oty* - t)j~"' afs-un-khwdn, A conjurer,
enchanter, sorcerer.

«jj Qf~t\ afsiin-zada, Enchanted, deceived
by magical arts.

jL. — it afsun-saz, A worker of spells,
wizard.

afsun-kun, A conjurer, wizard.
sJi^S t>j-~rt afsi'm-lcushdy (gushdy), Ex-
pert in magic.

a/sfmaar, A Tnagicv.in, an fn-

chanter.

afsungarl, Magic, incantation.
A *UJt ifshd' (v.n. 4 of f&±), Divulging,
revealing, disclosing, publishing ; publica-
tion.

yjU.it afshddan (probably error for
yjjLui), To strain, squeeze, press ; to speak
obseene'y, profanely, boorishly.

jU.it afehdr, (in comp.) Speaking idly
or obscenely ; fixing, inserting ; pressing,
squeezing out (water) ; a weaver's treadle,
that which he moves with his feet ; an as-
sistant, associate, companion, partner, or
abettor ; a tribe of Turkomans.

yjjU.^ afshdrdan, To speak idly or ob-
scenely ; to press ; to fix, insert, immerse.

SjjU.i\ afshdrda, Pressed, squeezed.

^UjI afshdrl, A firm step.

a / Ui\ ifsM-gor, Who divulges, makes
public.

yUi^ afskdn, (in comp.) Dispersing,
scattering, diffusing, as khun-afshdn,
Shedding blood, Ac.

yi-jUUit afshdndnidan, To cause to
scatter.

U jiUit afshdndan, To disperse, scatter,
strew; to diffuse, sprinkle, shed.

SjjUit afshdndah, Dispersed, scatt?red,
shed.

yj^oUjt afihdnidan, To scatter, shed ; —
dast afshditidan, To applaud, clap hands.

^oyut afskuidagi, A squeeze, pressure.

yjytit afshurdan, To press, squeeze,
strain, compress, express (juice) ; to make

u*>> ( 84 ) J,}

firm, solid; — dar ham afshurdan, To com-
press.

jbjAft afshurish, Compression, squeezing.

jfyMK afshurgar, A press ; ;iu oit-presser.

tj&i\ afshura, Juice expressed from pome-
granates, quinces, and other fruits or
}Jants ; a kind of sherbet often mixed with
ice (m.c).

■jt afshura-gar, An oil-maker.
afshak (S. avaiydya),
afthang, Dew.

ij-iSS afshana, Name of a village near
Bukhara.

afshu (in Zand and Piizand), Come.

gy&it afshun, A kind of winnowing ma-
chine.

qfeha, Barley or wheat coarsely

ground.

afthln, Name of a person proverbial
for his liberality.

X eUtf ifsdh (v.n. 4 of ^i), Speaking
clearly, distinctly, eloquently ; speaking
Arabic.

a if ads (v.n. 4 of 0>i), Producing,
drawing out.

A a/sai, More or most eloquent ;

speaking very elegantly and correctly.

A »U»T ifzd' (v.n. 4 of Going out,

abroad, into the fields ; causing to arrive,
bringing; communicating a secret; burst-
ing (a woman) ; laying the patras of both
hands upon the ground (in prayer) ; going
in unto (a wife).

A JUtf qfzdl (pi. of fazi), Favours; in-
creases ; virtues, graces, accomplishments ;
— ifzdl (v.n. 4 of J-4i), Causing to excel or
increase ; benefiting.

a J^*l afzal, More or most excellent,
virtuouB, distinguished, eminent, learned,
noble ; surname of the poet Khaqani,

a j&a\ afzaltar, Better, best.

a l<^ii\ afzaliyat, Pre-excellence, pre-
eminence, superiority, transcendency.

a iftdr (v.n. 4 of ;!=*), Breaking a
faBt ; slight repast with which a fast is
broken ; a light breakfast.

a tsjU"^ iff.dri, Things proper to be eaten
in breaking a fast.

A f3ei\ aftah, Broad-headed.

a aftae, Flat-nosed.

a gUatf ifzd' (v.n. 4 of Being diffi-

cult, troublesome, or shameful.

a JUi\ af'dl (pi. of fi'l), Actions, offices,
functions ; conduct ; verbs,

a f>\*i\ if dm (v.n. 4 of ,•«*), Filling.

a jt;**! afd, A large venomous serpent ;
viper ; asp ; basilisk ; — afd'i zard-fdm,
af'di zar-fdm, A pen ; a flame ; — afdi
qirbfin, A bow ; Sagittarius ; — afai kdk-
rubd paikar, af'di marjdn-'asab, A flame.

a {,>} (Jjdil afd-dam, Breathing poison
like a snake.

!iSU af'dndk, Swarming with vipers.

^Ui^ afgtdn, Name of a race inhabiting

the mountains between Kandahar and the
river Indus ; lamentation, groaning, cries
for help ; alas ! — afghdn kardan,To Lament,
to complain.

CjU-jU^ afghdnistdn, Afghanistan.

i^^*^ afgltanl, Of or relating to the
Afghans ,- the Afghan language (Pushtu).

A afq (v.n.), Dressing (leather) by
tanning or thickening it; travelling over
the world ; excelling in liberality ; — ufq,
vfuq, The horizon ; a tract or region of the
earth.

A »*M afk (v.n.), Inverting, overturning ;
diverting from any purpose ; being frus-
trated; — ifk (v.n.), tying; deceiving; a
lie, deceit.

A afkdr (pi. of ftkr), Thoughts,

meditations, opinions, advices ; — ifkdr (v.n.
4 of Thinking, considering atten-

tively.

a J*^ afkal, ifkil, Trembling, conster-
nation, tremor.

afgdr, A wound ; soreness of back
of a beast of burden; lame, crippled,
wounded ; fatigued, jaded ; — afgdr shudan,
To be fatigued; — afgdri-may, Intoiicated,
overloaded with wine ; — dili afgdr pur
afkdr, A fatigued mind full of cares.

A>l£i\ ofgdna, afgdna, An abortion.

^Ag,>\Sii) afgdnidan, To cause to throw.

afgan, (in comp.) Throwing, throw-
ing down, casting, casting forth, as bekh-
afgan, Throwing down trees, &c.

^jZM&ti afgandagl, A falling off, decay,
abjectness ; servitude ; excrement.

(vj-ufcrt afgandan, To throw, to cast away,
up, off, or down ; to contend for equality ;
to subtract ; a carpet ; — an ear afgandan,
To prostrate, upset, overthrow ; — as shumdr
afgandan, To subtract; — ba-khak afgandan,
To throw to the ground, to injure, to
afflict ; to give over to contempt ; — pas
afgandan, To put by, collect, hoard ; to
renounce or neglect an inheritance ; — sar
afgandan, To bend or bow the head ; — kdkh
afgandan, To build a palace (lit. lay its
foundations) ; — mihr afgandan, To bestow
one's loye upon ; — bar daftar afgandan, To
write.

^ijaSLtf afgandan'i, Fit only to be thrown
away, refuse ; the subtracter.

i±i£±\ afganda, Thrown away ; subtracted ;
vile, abject; a slave.
£ uJ£i\ afganda-par, With abated wing.

^ iju£*\ afganda- sum, Weak, impo-
tent.

a iflah (v.n. of jAi), Prospering,
obtaining a victory ; prosperity, success.

a u-SjT ifldB (v.n. 4 of u~li), and —

a, (j-M ifldsi, Becoming bankrupt;
penury, want ; insolvency, bankruptcy.

tyWM afidtun (Or. IlXdrtav), Plato ;~afld-
tuni 'asr, The Plato of the age, the sage of
the world.

J" (

a jXlt ifldq (v.n. 4 of (jU), Bringing out
something wonderful (a poet).

gXikt afldq-bughdan, Wallachia and
Moldavia.

A <tm\ aflak (pi. of falak), Heavens ;
celestial orbits, heavenly bodies, spheres,

a yUUi afldkshindsan, Astrono-

mers.

a Ji, afiali-zill (the shadow of

heaven), Powerful protection.

a (jW^W aftaltiydn, Worshippers of the
heavenly bodies ; stars and planets ; celes-
tials.

a girt aflaj, One who has wide-set teeth ;
palsied.

a afiah, Chapped, cut on the under
lip.

a vJ}\ aflas, Poorer, poorest.

iflunja, Name of a seed resembling
mustard-seed, but of a fragrant smell.

a yil afn (v.n.), Exhausting the milk in
the udder (a camel's colt) ; milking a camel
at an unusual hour ; spoiling food ; weaken-
ing the intellect.

a >U1 ifna (v.n. 4 of Ruining, de-
stroying, annihilating ; — ifnd'i teuffar kar~
dan, To destroy the inudels.

a afnan (pi. of fawn), Ways, man-
ners, kiuds ; branches ; — ifndn (v.n. 4 of
(5-*), Producing different kinds, sorts,
colours.

° WJ**"' 4 ' afanjiyun, Apogeon.
dfand, War, strife.
tifinddk, The rainbow.

T vyutf afandi (pronounced effendi), A
lord, master, gentleman.

a (j^iMi] dfandidan, (j^J-iit afandidan,
To stir up strife, enmity, or war.

a afwdj (pi. of fauj), Armies,

troops, forces; crowds; — afwdji bakri (fan,
jihdzi), Naval forces, the navy ; — afwdji
khushki, Land forces, the army ; — afwdji
ehaydtln, A host of children ; — afwdji
qdhira, A victorious army.

a afwdh (pi. of fuh), Mouths ; re-
port, rumour, hearsay ; notoriety, fame.

a u*>\j*l afwdhi, Famed, reported, noised
abroad.

ufur, An owl ; a belch, eructation.

a J^M uful (v.n, of Jtf), Setting of the
stars, the sun.

a fA^\ afhdm (pi. of fahm), Intellects,
understandings; — ifhdm (v.n. 4 of t>*j>),
Giving to understand, making comprehend,
teaching.

a afiq, Leather not quite dressed
by the tanner.
tyW ajililn, The wormwood of Pontus.
aftn, Barren of genius, void of pru-
dence ; a young camel.

fj»fai\ afyt'ts, A wild radish.

afyiin (S. apketia), Opium, poppy -
juice; black; — afyiin kkveurdm (zadan),
To eat opium and undergo its influence j —

85 ) s-il

afyiin dar bdda (skardb) kardan (rekhtan),
To drug wine with opium.

^Jy^i afyunl, An opium-eater; — afyuitfi
chize shudan, To adopt a custom, habit.

t J\ dq. White.

m \i\ aqd, The elder brother (opp. to < yt\
inl, inl, the younger brother) ; the eldest,
the chief of a tribe or family.

W \*\ aqd-bdbd, Aqababa, name of a place
in the neighbourhood of Qazwin.

A aqdrib (pi of qarib), The nearest

kindred, kinamen, relations ; — aqdrib u
hhtoeshdn, Kindred and allies, or relations.

Wjy^ aqdrun (Q-. aKopov), Sweet flag; wild
myrtle.

(j*^ aqd&i (pi. of aq$a), The extremes ;
the remotest parts.

\&te\ aqaqiyd (G. a.KUK(a), The acacia; all
kinds of juices expressed from anything of
a styptic quality, but particularly juice of
the pods of an Egyptian thorn.

JWj dqdl, Anything useless or worthless j
any kind of parings or husks, <fec. (see

a &i\3\ iqdla-t (v.n. 4 of Je*), Cancelling a
bargain ; passing over a sin, forgiving slips
and falls.

A aqdlim (pi. of iqlim), Climates,

climes, countries, regions, kingdoms ;—aqd,-
Ivmi sab'a, The seven climates, the whole
world.

A £<*^ iqdmat (v.n. 4 of (••»), Stopping,
resting, staying, standing still, causing to
stand ; being intent (upon anything) ;
abode, residence, dwelling ; -iqdmati hudiid
kardan, To put the laws in execution ; —
iqdmati kjiiydm kardan, To pitch tents ; —
iqdmati shuhiid dwardan, To bring or set up
witnesses.

a aqanlm (pi. of aqnilm), Persons
(of holy Trinity).

m ^Ij^S dqdviaini (^f + tr^), Relations;
princes of the royal family ; — ghara'iti
dqdwaini nigdh ddshtan, To observe scrupu-
lously the duties of consanguinity.

m JjjUrt aqdwil (pi. of aqwdl, which is pi.
of qaul), Sayings, speeches, words.

m ^liJ aqd'i, The dignity of the eldest
brother or a royal prince ; princedom,
dominion.

a jWtt iqbdr (v.n. 4 of Ordering or
causing to be buried ; giving over the dead
for interment.

a <j*\*i\ iqbds (v.n. 4 of o-jj), Giving
(fire) ; teaching, imparting knowledge,
making clever and learned.

a iqbdz (v.n. 4 of cAsi), Making or

fitting a handle {qabzat) to anything.

a JUil iqbdl (v.n. 4 of J*>), Advancing,
coming ; turning the face towards any-
thing ; accepting a bond, admitting a
claim; confession, acknowledgment ; ac-
quiescence, assent; prosperity, good for-
tune; felicity, auspices, prestige; — iqbdli

( 86 )

da'wd, Admission of a claim ; — iqbdl numu-
dan, To promise, agree, engage ; — iqbdli
yak hafta, Short-lived prosperity.

a usiUJl JVirt iqbdlu 'l-mulk, Gentleman
of the Chamber, Chief Groom-in- waiting
(in.c).

a •Ai*!W3rt iqbdlmand, Prosperous, fortu-
nate.

a ^AJ+i^ iqbdlmandi, Prosperity, good
fortune, auspiciousness.

T ^s-sA^il aqtaji, An equery, groom (see

a iqtar (v.n. 4 of f*), Being reduced
to poverty; keeping domestics on short
commons.

A iqtibde (v.n. 8 of Borrow-

ing, taking (tire from another) ; acquiring
knowledge ; obtaining, acquiring, procuring,
gaining ; asking, begging ; quotation.

a JUsi\ iqtitdl Cv.n. 8 of Jrf), Dying
(from love or insanity) ; fighting, slaying
one another.

A f\t*a\ iqtihdm (v.n. 8 of Kushmg
headlong ; engaging in an enterprise
rashly ; holding in contempt ; setting (a
star).

a b\'X3>\ iqlidd' (v.n. 8 of yii), Following
as an example, imitating, imitation; — iqtidd
kardan, To take example, to imitate.

a iqtiddr (v.n. 8 of Being

powerful or able ; power, authority, con-
trol ; might, ability, excellence, dignity,
rank ; boiling or dressing in a pot (qidr) ;
(in comp.) powerful, potent, as gardiin-
iqtiddr, Powerful as heaven, &e.

a t\fi\ iqtirdh (v.n. 8 of Pro-
nouncing an unpremeditated spee h or ex-
tempore verses ; improvisation.

a ^yii) iqtiraz (v.n. 8 of u*«*), Borrow-
ing, taking on credit.

a iqtird' (v.n. 8 of £y>), Choosing,

selecting; casting lots (qur'at).

a (-Jlptfl iqtirdf (v.n. 8 of <~i]*), Commit-
ting a crime ; acquiring.

A ^\yti\ iqtirdn (v.n. 8 of y/), Being as-
sociated, joined, united; company, associa-
tion, union; conjunction (of the planets) ;
— daulai-iqtiran, Happy, associated with
prosperity.

a iqtisdr (v.n. 8 of *), Forcing,

compelling, obliging.

a f»V~~ tf\ iqtisdm (v.n. 8 of (•—»), Dividing
among themselves ; sweating ; — iqtisdmi
mirdf, Division of inheritance.

a jUiiit iqtisdr (v.n. 8 of /»♦), Abbrevia-
tion, abridgment ; determining or fixing the
bounds of anything ; failing, wasting ; —
iqtifdr kardan, To abridge.

a yeUxit iqtifds (v.n. 8 of J<»»), Follow-
ing, pursuing, tracking ; reciting, relating.

A sA-W»\ iqtiza (v.n. 8 of {mS *i), Demand-
ing, insisting upon, requiring, exacting (a
debt) ; claim, requisition, exigency; — iqtiza'i
mahatl, The exigency of the thing, time, or

place, the requirements of the case; — iqtiza
kardan, To demand, exact, require.

a iqtitd' (v.n. 8 of ^Wi), Cutting off

a part.

a U*si\ iqti'dt (v.n. 8 of !«>), Wrapping
the sash round the turban -without passing
it under the chin.

a <Aas»\ iqtifa (v.n. 8 of yB), Following,
walking in the steps ; being turned, in-
verted ; receding.

a flUl iqtild' (v.n. 8 of {U), Pulling up,
tearing out, extracting.

A iqlind' (v.n. 8 of f>i), Acquiring,
possessing, gaining, storing, receiving ; —
iqtind kardan, To acquire.

a iqtinds (v.n. 8 of {J***), Hunting.

o ^jJluSt aqtindluqi, "White thorn.

A iqtiydt (v.n. 8 of <j*ji), Mea-

suring, comparing; following after, taking
after (one's father).

a »Uil iqsa' (v.n. 4 of yii), Collecting
(wealth, <fcc).

\J*fi^\ aqajnosh, Bust of iron.

U^s y^y^ dqchdn karma, Name of a Bul-
garian town.

t aqcha, Money.

a I°UJrt iqbeit. (v.n. 4 of ii**), Suffering
from drought and consequent scarcity ;
withholding rain.

a ,JtUJrt aqhdti, A descendant of Qah-
tan.

a f.Wi\ iqhdm (v.n. 4 of ,♦«■»), Throwing
one thing into another.

a aqhawdn, uqhuwdn, Camomile.

t jfi dq-ddsh, White rock, another
name of Arish, a dependency of the district
Shaki.

a ctJurt aqddh (pi. of qadah), Cups,
bowls.

A p\Xi\ aqddm (pi. of qadam), Feet,
steps, paces ; — iqddm (v.n. 4 of (••**), Send-
ing on before, causing to go before ; push-
ing forward ; boldness, intrepidity, auda-
city ; resolution, firmness, spirit; endea-
vour, effort, diligence, attention; — iqddm
numudan, To be forward and eager ; —
iqddm. u ihjdm, Impulse and repulsion,
boldness and timidity, being stimulated to
anything daring, yet shrinking from it ; —
iqddm u ihtimdm, Care and diligence.

a u-jjI aqdas, More or most pure, most
holy ; more or most sacred.

A aqdam, Former, first, more ancient ;
— aqdami muluki kuffdr, The foremost of
the infidel kings.

a aqid' (pi. of qar'), The menses of
women ; the state of purity between two
menses ; — iqrd' (v.n. 4 of 1/), Being men-
struous ; becoming pure from menstrua-
tion ; reading the Qur'an, reading or caus-
ing to read.

a iqrdr (v.n. 4 of Ji), Establishing,
fixing (in a place) ; promise, agreement,
assurance, pledge; consent, acquiescence,

jt\ ( 87

acceptance; confirmation, ratification, af-
firmation, attestation, declaration ; settle-
ment, compa t, bargain ; confession,
acknowledgment, admission, avowal ; —
iqrdr ilwardan, To confess, to make confes-
sion (oj sins) ; — iqrurighikasta, An untruth-
ful statement ; — iqruri 'dm, A general ac-
knowledgment, a public declaration; — iqrar
kardan. To promise; to acknowledge.

a iqrdr-nama, A -written agree-

ment, an indenture, a bond, a contract ; —
iqrdr-ndma'i land u bast, Administration
paper ; settlement, compact.

a iS>V^ ^ro/ri, Assenting ; promissory ;
one who assents or confesses.

a iqrath (v.n. 4 of u 5 "/)' Speaking

ill of anyone ; rushing against.

a aqr&s (pi. of qurs), Disks;

pastils, lozenges ; — aqrdsi rdsan, Elecam-
pane lozenges ;— aqrdsi kundur, Frankin-
cense lozenges ; — aqrdsi word, Myrtle
lozenges.

a \j>\f\ iqraz (v.n. 4 of u*;'), Lending,
giving credit.

a $f\ iqrd' (v.n. 4 of £y>), Casting or
drawing lots ; giving away the best parts
of one's estate (whether in cattle or other
effects) ; lending a male animal for copu-
lation; returning to that which is right;
checking a horse; abstaining, hanging
back; refusing advice.

a <_J^i\ iqrdf (v.n. 4 of >-*y), Being of a
bad stock; accusing, exposing to suspicion ;
being near.

a aqritn (pi. of qarin), Peers, pairs,
equals; contemporaries ;^iqrdn (v.n. 4 of
y/). Elevating a spear ; being near burst-
ing (a boil) ; abound ing in the veins
(blood) ; giving po-wer or 'wealth.

G \ iqrdniyd, The cornel-tree.

a aqrab, Nearer, nearest ; a near
relative.

A aqriba, Kindred, near relations,
friends ; allies.

a aqra', Bald (from disease); bald-
headed (serpent) by reason of the quantity
of its venom.

<il*f \ aqra'ak, A little rose, a dog-rose.

A yyil aqran, One whose eye- brows meet.

u~W/^ aqritus, iqritus, Crete.

a iqtd (v.n. 4 of j— »), Hardening
(the heart).

A tUJ\ iqsdt (v.n. 4 of k-Ji), Being just,
equitaUe; distributing justice (qUt).

A f\~i\ aqgdm (pi. of qism), Portions,
divisions, classes ; sorts, kinds ; ways,
manners; (pi. of qasam) Oaths; — iqsdm
(v.n. 4 of f*~-i), Swearing, taking an oath.

t dqsard (for dq, white + sard,

palace), Name of. a Greek (Routnelian)
town.

a ls~»l aqsat, More or most just.
Tj4~~i^ aqsunqur, A certain bird of prey ;
m emperor of the Turks ; a day ; the sun.

) ^A5\

[j*y~ <rt aqsti.s (6. t£os), Barberries,
o VsiiVj-jfl aqsiydqanfd, The oxyacanth-
tree.

/ dqshdr, dq shahr (white

town), Name of a place on the Black Sea.

Aw*-*! aqisMa,k pantry, cupboard, buttery.

a iqshi'rfir (v.n. 4 of ^ s -*), Creep-

ing (the skin with terror).

a tijAjrt aqshun, A medicine.

aqsha (for T. aqcha), Money, coin.

A »U»\ aqsd' (pi. of qvswa), Sides (of a
valley, &c.) ; — iqsd' (v.n. 4 of j**), Ee-
moving far off) ; reaching, extending to.

a. iqmr (v.n. 4 of ^»), Bearing short
children (a woman) ; shortening, especially
prayers ; falling short, becoming deficient.

a (_pUi\ iqsds (v.n. 4 of J»»), Killing the
killer, retaliating ; being at the point of
death ; bringing to death's door.

a aqsar, Shorter, shortest.

a (***\ aqsam, Who has half of his teeth
broken ; who has one leg broken.

a Jj-a'rt aqsd, Far off, more or most remote,
farther, farthest ; extreme ; the extreme,
extremely ; — masjidi aqsd, The most remote
temple, i.e. the temple at Jerusalem.

a Jy4i\ aqzd, More or most judicious,
better or best judge (qdzi).

a aqt (v.n.), Coagulating, causing to
curdle (milk) ;—iqt, iqit. Sour milk dried
(cream-) cheese.

AjW aqtdr (pi. of qutr), Tracks (of the
heavens), districts.

a aqtd' (pi. of qit'). Assignments of
land ; short arrows : — iqtd' (v.n. 4 of gSo»),
Cutting, dividing, severing ; assigning land
to a subject (on the part of a prince) j a
tract of land thus assigned.

a jtys- gVyrt iqi,l'-khwdr, The holder of
an assignment of l*nd (=;1j^W).

a i_A!ai\ iqtdf (v.n. 4 of <- i k*), Being near
the harvest season.

a ^ail aqta\ Oue who has the hand ampu-
tated.

a <jWrt aqtin, A sort of pulse (=^V« q.v.).

a jjSjSUoi'i aqtinaluql, White thorn.

aqtd (Or. &xrj) t The bel fruit (S.
vilva) ; the elder-tree.

a iq'a (v,n. 4 of V«J for Kneeling
with the buttocks resting on the heels ; sit-
ting upon the hams (as a dog or other
animal), having the fore-feet perpendicular.

a (j-Aajtf iq'ds. Opulence, abundance,
plenty ; being talkative.

a yoUSt iq'ds (v.n, 4 of ya**), Killing
suddenly, - on the spot, the moment the
1 low is struck.

a (j-*^ aq'as (A horse) having a low
place for the saddle, and high behind ; with
a protuberance in the 1 re<*st ; a sort of
palm ; (a camel) whose head, neck, and
I ack are bent ; hollow-backed (a man) ;
long (night).

A_j\ii\ iqfdr (v.n. 4 of y>»), Being ruined,

UJ) ( 88

desolate, desert (house or country) ; travel-
ling through a desert ; wanting victuals.

a JUfl aqfdl (pi. of qufl), Locks, bolts,
bars j— igr/a£ (v.n. 4 of J*5), Locking or
bolting (a door) ; causing (a caravan) to
return ; not allowing (an army) to proceed ;
drying.

A Jirt aqull, Less, least ; very little ; —
aqalli darja, The least degree or quantity ;
the lowest computation, a minimum ; —
aqalli 'ibddn, Least or meanest of servants ;
— aqalli qalil, At least ; — aqatt u aqsar,
Least and most ; every particular.

a ***\ aqallan, At least (m.c).

A i/>!W iqlds (v.n. 4 of ^*), Having a
small buncn appearing (a camel) ; becoming
fat in summer (a she-catnel), when she
gives no milk.

a glW iqld' (v.n. 4 of gli), Hoisting sail,
going with full sail; intermitting, going
off (a fever) ; ceasing, giving over.

a iqldq (v.n. 4 of Disturbing,
disquieting.

a J!W iqlal (v.n. 4 of J»), Diminishing;
being without, being poor; seizing.

a f&i\ aqldm (pi. of qalam), Reeds of
which they make pens, pens ;— aqlami bad-
arqtim, Malignant writings, satires, libels.

A <-4W a-qlaf, Uncircumciscd.

a aqld, A key.

a iqlid (for P. Jutf kalid), A key.

a (j-J^fl uklldis, Euclid.

iqlim (G. xXi/Lia), A clime, climate, or
country ; — haft iqlim, The seven climates,
the whole world.

U*li\ aqlima, iqlimd, Name of Adam's
daughter.

W**^ iqlimiyd, Name of Adam's daughter ;
the ore, scum, or dross of gold or silver ; a
kind of white earth ; litharge.

a jWrt aqmdr, Moons ; (met.) beloved
ones; — iqmur (v.d. 4 of/"), Being bright;
being in moonlight; being struck by an
untimely frost.

a y-Uirt iqmds, Dipping one in water.

a gWrt iqmd' (v.n, 4 of J* 3 ), Subduing,
humbling, bringing into subjection ; break-
ing.

a gUit iqrtd' (v.n. 4 of Satisfying,
rendering content ; turning the face to-
wards, fixing the eyes at, stretching the
neck in order to look at anything ; holding
the head erect; inclining a vessel so as to
pour out of it ; sending to pasture.

o ^jJbui^ aqantdlauqi, A kind of white
thorn.

o Qft~&\ aqantiyiin, A kind of thorn.

a f»j-*^ aqntim, uqnum, A substance or
principle ; a person of the sacred Trinity.

a e\ji\ iqwa' (v.n. 4 of isyi), Being emply,
deserted, uninhabited ; alighting at de-
serted dwellings; lacking provisions ; being
empty-bellied; being or making poor, re
ducing to poverty ; composing verses end-

) w^l

ing with different vowels or an unequal
number of consonants; verses so com-
posed.

jljil aqwdq, The white Indian poplar.

a JV^ aqwill (pi. of qaul), Words, say-
ings, opinions ; agreements, promises ; —
aqwdli saddqat-ma'al, Words full of sin-
cerity.

a aqwdm (pi. of qaum), Peoples, na-
tions j castes.

<J>y*S ilqush, A lion ; a tiger ; a leopard.

a fjirt aqwam, More or most straight, up-
right, just.

o> (j/j^/fi aqumdrisiin, Wild fennel.

a ^*fft aqitwdli. Honey-water.

a oV)jji\ aqwiyd' (pi. of qawi), Strong,
powerful.

q (;j^*«.X>yi\ aquyildmmun, Oil of balsam.
a rf\ aqhar, More or most oppressive,
stronger.

a >>Wirt ayydd (pi. of qaid), Fetters, chains,
shuck les.

g iqydnos, The ocean.

udf dk, <£\ ah, Calamity, misfortune ; vice,
defect, blemish.

a ^\ akabir, The rich, powerful, gran-
dees, nobles ; — afalbir u asdgMr, Great and
small, grandees and plebeians .

a ft\ ukdr, A vine-dresser; a tiller of
ground.

a jtfl akhdr, A farmer, husbandman,
tiller of the ground.

<j*j^ akdris, A mushroom, a fungus, a
puff.

a f»jM akdrim (pi. of akram), Most noble ;
nobles, grandees.

a akdrirat, akdsira (Ar. pi. of P.

£ kisrd), The Khosroes, kings of Persia,
a family title, like the Caesars or the
Ptolemies.

a. J«!W akdlil (pi. of iklil), Crowns, dia-
dems, Ac.

p fAST dkdm, A mushroom, a fungus.

akdma, ukdma, Stuffed chitter-
lings.

a vW\ ikb&b (v.n. 4 of v-*), Falling
prostrate ; throwing prostrate.

a f£\ akbar, Greater, greatest; the Em-
peror Akbar, who reigned in India from
1555 to 1605.

■>Vj akbar-dbdd, Agra.

<^F*\ akbarl, Name of a gold coin (in
India).

akbiyd (in Zand and Pazand), A

nerve.

dkwp, The inside of the mouth.
aht, Act (of a play, m.c from Pr.

or E.).

A aktdf (pi. of katif, kit/), Shoul-

ders ; — tu 'l-aktdf, Name of Shapur, a king
of Persia.

A J^*^l iktihdl (v.n. 8 of Anoint-
ing or rubbing the eye with a colly rium or
black powder.

^1 ( 89 )

a iktira' (v.n. 8 of ), Hiring,
renting.

a iktitti' (v.n. 8 of Dressing

oneself.

iyUl iktisab (v.n. 8 of s— - i), Gain-
ing, acquiring ; striving, endeavouring to
gain.

A»l4sfl (v.n. 8 of °U£), Inverting

(a vessel) ; being content and satisfied ;
being sufficient.

a (r£\ aktam, Gor-bellied, satiated.

sy uXi akit makit, A grain, to which
many wonderful properties are ascribed.

AjUstt iktin&z (v.n. 8 of y£), Being
closely packed or set ; being filled ; being
collected.

A uUs£1 iktindf (v.n. 8 of ), En-
circling.

a iktinah (v.n. 8 of *^), Scrutini-
zing, getting to the bottom of, endeavouring
to become thoroughly acquainted with ; —
iktinahi sabab kardan, To penetrate into the
true cause.

a o\jsi\ iktiwa' (v.n. 8 of Searing,
cauterizing, or branding oneself.

a JW^V iktiyal (v.n. 8 of J**), Mea-
suring (corn) ; measuring for another ;
receiving by measure.

iksdr (v.n. 4 of fi). Being very
talkative ; increasing, multiplying ; being
abundant (wealth) ; flowering, blossoming
(the palm-tree).

a aksar, More or most numerous,
copious, plentiful ; the greater number, the
majority ; generally, mostly, chiefly ; often,
frequently ; commonly, usually ; — aksar
owgat, Often, generally, frequently.

a »^ aksara, itji£\ aks.ariya (=
aksar), Generally, etc.

a akpam, Large-bellied ; full, replete,
saturated ; fat, fleshy ; wide, broad.

l>f\ akaj, A species of wild apple ; a med-
ia* ; a, long pole with an iron hook, used by
ice-house people in breaking and pulling to
the banks ice from rivers and other pieces
of water ; grappling-irons.

H?\ akaj, A sort of wild apple, a medlar.

ff^ akah, ga^l akahj, (f\ akakh. A de-
coction.

a J*fl akhal. One who has black eye-
lashes; black-eyed ; having the eyes anointed
with colly rium; the middle vein of the arm.

a akhalha (P. pi. of the preceding),
The middle veins of arms.

y^j*^ akahwan, ukuhwdn, Camomile.

a jJ^\ akdar. Dark-coloured.

ikdish, akdish, Of a mixed breed ; a
bastard, a mongrel ; mixture, union ; be-
loved, sought; sentient soul.

a /I ukar (pi. of ukrat), Globes, spheres,
balls.

£\ akar, Wood of aloes.

a ,»!/^ ikrdm (v.n. 4 of pf), Honouring,

respecting, venerating ; treating with atten-
tion and ceremony ; honour, respect ; favours.

^\f\ akardm, Anything tnnt. haa no
consistence or permanency, as clouds, wind,
snow, &c.

a s\^A ikrdh (v.n. 4 of a/), Forcing
against one's will ; dislike, abhorrence,
aversion, detestation.

akarsdd, Pellitory ; Dracunculus.
akrafg, Parsley.
a akram, More or most noble, great,
generous, most merciful, bountiful,
o akrufis, A walnut-tree.

akruhak, A kind of Persian gum
or balsam, excellent for the closing of
wounds.

T ets> J S'\ ikrit, The island of Crete or
Candy.

ij-^y, dkus, A mason's chisel ; a hooked
stick.

a akeds (pi. of kuss), Vulvae.

A JU»S^ iksdl (v.n. 4 of j— Z), Covering
without consummating (beasts or men).

(W— £1 dkasta, Bound, tied.

A £~-£\ aksah, Lame, unable to move.

a -*—S\ aksad, Dull, flat (market).

0 yytiSj— S\ aksuldydtun, An aquatic
plant.

aksun, iksun, Satin, particularly
a black kind (worn by princes) ; a species
of brocade.

4— *1 dkasa, Suspended, hanging, adher-

a 1 ikslr, An elixir, the philosopher's
stone ; alchemy ; — iksiri daulat, The elixir
of life or prosperity (a book so called); —
iksiri rang (the elixir of complexion),
Wine ; — iksiri mardumi, The same.

a iksir-gar, An alchemist.

a tsp— Z\ iksiri, An alchemist.

<*e—^\ aksiya, A general name for malt
liquor.

mS\ akashia. Strong; fastened ; full.

a akshaf, Destitute of a helmet or

shield in battle ; bald on the temples, bald.

a f>&£\ aksham, One who labours under a
defect of the body, or blemish in his pedi-
gree.

a *±>yt£{ akahus, Dodder.

a »VaS1 akfd' (pi. of kaf), Equal, resem-
bling ; equals; — ikfti' (v.n. 4 of ^), In-
clining the upper part of a bow, ao as not
to make it perpendicular, when shooting ;
composing verses which end with different
vowels or consonants (a poet) ; — akiffd' (pi.
of kdff), Persons who prevent or hinder,
rivals.

a }\t£\ ikfar (v.n. 4 of ytf ), Causing one
to become an infidel ; calling one such.

a ikfdl (v.n. 4 of JAT), Entrusting
(to another) the administration of one's
affairs ; making another one's surety.

sjytfl akfuda, The Caspian Sea.

cdfl akak (?), A townlet or village in
Khurasan.

\j££\ akahrd, akalkard, Pellitory ;

Dracunculus.

a JiA dkil, akil, An eater, a devourer ; a
(tyrannical) ruler; — aki (v.n,), Eating,
food ; — aid u shurb, Eating and drinking ;
meat and drink.

A 'tidal (v.n. 4 of JS'), Fatiguing,
jading ; having jaded camels ; having a
needy family or needy relations.

m vJmlkd (also Bpelt \SX } \ and U3/^),
A gift, a present.

A Je^ iklU, A crown, diadem, chaplet,
wreath, or garland ; name of the seven-
teenth lunar mansion ; — iJclllu 'l-jabal (the
crown of the mountain), A herb smelling
like frankincense, rosemary ; — iklilu 'l-malik
(the royal crown), The herb melilot.

y^eliA dkalyun, A kind of stuff made en-
tirely of silk or of velvet, worked with
flowers and other figures j the Gospel.

a (f\ akam (pi. of akamat), High hills.

i*>U£\ akmdk, JU£\ akmdl, A vomiting ; a
vomit.

a JUS^ ikmcll (v.n. 4 of J+£), Perfecting,
completing, accomplishing; perfection, com-
pletion, fulfilment, consummation,

a (»U^ akin Am (pi. of kimm), Buds, fol-
licles ; (pi. of kumm) sleeves ; — ikmdm
(v.n. 4 of f$), Producing buds or follicles ;
making sleeves.

a akamat, akamah, A high hill.

a J*S1 akmal, More or most perfect, com-
plete.

ob* <0J*^ akmun bazdn, The herb ver-
vain.

a akmah, Blind from the birth ;
blind.

i jWI akn&f (pi. of kanaf), Parts,
sideB, environs, borders, confines; — ikndf
(v.n. 4 of •-&■&), Receiving under protec-
tion ; preserving ; assisting.

a tjUiA akndn (pi. of kinn), Veils, um-
brellas, shades, or coverings, under which
anything is kept, sheltered, or preserved ; —
ikndn (v.n. 4 of ijS), Concealing in one's
mind.

a akinnat (pi. of kinn), Veils.

q>£\ dkanj, A hook used by ice-house
people in drawing ice from pools.

dkanda, dkunda, A stable, a manger.

gyt£) aknun, Now, at this time ; already ;
therefore ; for, still ; but, however.

jS^ dku, An owl ; a bird of ill omen.

a aJcw&b (pi. of kub), Cups, goblets
(such as have neither handles nor spouts).

dhwdriyum, Aquarium (m.c. from

E.).

a jtjfl akwaz (pi. of kuz), Cups, tankards,
jugs.

akwdn, Name of a demon destroyed
by Sustain ; — akawdn, Flower of the argha-

) J*

dkuch, A medlar.
a akul, A great eater, devourer,
glutton.

a <j*^<$\ akyds (pi. of Me), Purses; — (pi. of
kayyis), Sagacious, ingenious, prudent.

£tS\ akikh, A sausage ; the intestines,
guts ; a tendon ; cat- gut ; lute, harp, fiddle-
strings.

a akyad, More or most decided or
urgent,

a J^l akil, An eater, a glutton ; eaten,
devoured ; a cup-companion, mess-mate,
boarder.

<sf\ dg, Name of a poisonous milky tree
which grows in India ; (in Zand and Pa-
zand) wheat.
j\o iM} dgdhddr, Watchful, attentive.

Jtf\ ugdl (S. udgdra), The remainders of
chewed betel-leaf.

i\£\ dgdh, Aware, wary ; intelligent,
knowing, acquainted with; prudent; vigi-
lant, attentive; notice, news, indication, in-
formation ; — dgdh budan, To be aware or
informed ; — dgdh eihvdan, gardidan (bar gar-
didan), ydftan, To become informed, aware
of; — dgdh kardan, garddnidan, To inform,
advise, certify.

^ja^VaVJ^ dgdhdnidan, To indicate, inform,
signify, announce, certify ; to warn.

(_s*^ dgdhi, Notice, intelligence, news,
information ; attention, vigilance ; — dgdhi
num&dan, To be careful, provident ; — dgdhi
ydftan, To become certified, aware of.

e).***^ dgdhidan. To inform, advise, cer-
tify.

dgada, Filled, stuffed, crammed.
/\ agar, dgir, jS\ agar, The buttocks.
f\ agar, If ; although ; sweet-scented
flag ; (S. agura) aloes-wood.
ugrd, Gruel, pottage.
aj&jJI agar-chand, Although, neverthe-
less.

a^jSI agar-chi, Although, notwithstand-
ing.

tijS\ agar-na, If not, otherwise, else,
is-i^ agirift, A certain number of
crimes.

*jf\ dgra, Agra, once the capital of Hin-
dustan.

dgri, A native of Agra.
agaryun, The itch, the scab.

<a~S\ agast, The star Canopus.

a*~S^ dgasta, Wetted ; smeared ; mixed;
— agitta, Firmly bound.

\jS\ dgush, An embrace ; the bosom.

i^iS\ dgaehta, Wetted ; smeared ; mixed ;
— dgishta, Firmly bound.

cu^iS^ dgaft. dgift, Grief, sorrow, afflic-
tion ; murrain or blight.

Qjjtf, agilyun, A seven-coloured silk
stuff, flowered silk of Damascus (see

dgan, The stuffing of a pillow ; a
stuffer.

( 91

fc>^ agnan, A cave, cavern.

thjlW^T dgam-bdlin, Flocks of wool, or
other staff with which they fill cushions,
pillows, or saddles.

dganj, A sausage ; a sheep's pud-
ding stuffed ; filled, full.

±>S\ agand, He filled ; filled ; stuffing.

^•^S] dgandagi, Plumpness, fulness.
agandan, To fill, stuff, cram.

SAiTf dganda, Pilled; anything stuffed
or crammed ; a sausage ; large, fat ; flou-
rishing, cultivated ; — dganda kardan, To
fill; — dganda, dgunda, A stable, stall, or
manger.

^ « jjS\ aganda-par, Stuffed with feathers ;
having a rich plumage.

ytiAtfl aganda-khav, With full buttocks
(horse).

<J>f tjjS^ dganda-gosh, One whose ears
are stopped; deaf; hardened in wicked-

Ul'BB.

J\j «jufl aganda-ydl, With a rich, flowing
mane.

iJ-iS) dganish, Stuffing (of cotton or
wool).

agnish, The erection of an edifice.
dganah, Stuffing, lining.
&*&\ dganldtm. To stuff, to fill, to cram,
i^iiS] dganlda, Stuffed, crammed.
8^1 dguch, A hook, harpoon, grappling-
hook.

)f \ dgur, A burnt brick.

ij>jfi\ dgoih, An embrace ; the bosom ; as
much as the arms can contain ; a servant,
a slave.

(jjj^J^ dgoshidan, To embrace ; to beget,
bring forth, give birth to ; to deliver, hand
over, send.

0j*1 dgun, Inverted, reversed ; contrary.
IS} dgah, Intelligent, conscious, wary.
t aga, A file.

< mS >f\ agahi, Knowledge, wisdom ; wari-
ness.

e*^ dgij = cr^ q-v.

dgUh, Suspended ; drawn out.
dgilun, Flowered silk of Damascus.

y*^ agin, Fat ; (in cotnp.) full ; — am-
bar-dgin, Filled with amber.

dl, A sort of fish; a whale; a fatal
disorder to which women are liable till the
seventh day after their confinement; red-
dish yellow, shining, carnation ; a tree
whose roots are used for dyeing and medi-
cinal purposes; reddish; fraud, treachery,
deceit, plot, snare ; a high place ; swift
walk ; a stab with a lance ; — dli ehirdz.
Wine aii mu'asfar, Fiery, ruddy ; a kind
of fish.

A dl (rt. J^), Offspring, posterity,
progeny, descendants ; family, house, race,
dynasty ; mirage, especially at the begin-
ning of the day ; — dli sufydni, .Royal family,
dynaBty ; — dli 'usmdn, The posterity of
Osman or Othman, the first king of the

) Jl

Turks, the royal family of Constantinople ;
— dli 'imrdn, The family of Imran; — dli
gjyxdr, Perfidious.

t dl, Royal seal, mark, or signature
(see U*J Jf).

a J\ al, The Arabic article answering to
the.

il, Name of a city and country ; — ul,

He.

st J\ it, God.

a Jl ill, God ; a treaty ; an oath ; secu-
rity ; relationship; complaint; hatred, en-
mity ; a mine.

Si did, Reddish colour; contamination
(in comp.) contaminating ; contaminated.

a »St did', Benefits, favours, kindnesses.

S) aid, So ! halloa ! have a care ! — aid td,
Beware ! that . . .

a S\ a4d, Is it not? holloa! ho! well
done ! prythee ! verily, indeed, forsooth ;
ilia, But, unless, except.

t (jty y\ dld-bdliq (spotted fish), Trout.

a uwS'J dldt (pi. of dlat), Instruments,
utensils, apparatus, tools, arms, harness ;
tackling; — dldti bait, Household furniture ;
dldti skikam, The bowels.

O^S\ aldchiq, aldchiq (05*3), Felt

tents (pi, of <3t^ q.v.).

^Sl aldchl (S. ellM), Small cardamoms.
alar, Name of the founder of a sect.
ctZarM/am.Disciples, followers of Alar.
alarum, Alarum (m.c. from E.).
aide, A live coal.

Aldadndard (G. 'A\t£av8pos), Alex-
ander.

aldtvra (G. iXaTtvr)), Ivy; bind-
weed.

£}\ ulagh, tddq, A forcing of one to
work gratis ; a relay of post horses ; a
courier ; a small horse, ass.

a U>V\ dlaf (pi. of alf). Thousands.

a jSl ildq (v.n. of J^) ( Falsehood;
false lightning {i.e. when no rain follows) ;
— alldq, A liar.

a ^\ aldqi (pi. of alqlyat), Questions,
problems ; misfortunes, adversities.

a <-AJSl al-alif, A solitary person, a single
individual ; one.

dJ3> aldla, aldla, A tulip.

a f$S dldm (pi. of alam), Cares ; griefs,
pains; misfortunes.

(•SI uldm, A message; a courier, mes-
senger.

a al-dmdn, Calling for quarter or

mercy in battle.

yU!^ aldmdn, A German.

a dldn, <jS\ aldn, Name of a country,
a town, or a fortress in Turkistan.

<jS\ al-dn, Now, presently, at this time,
now-a-days.

p tt u)H aldndn-dizk, Name of a fortress
in Turan.

a ildnat (v.n. 4 of Softening, a
smoothing.

3T (

4>3^ dldna, A falcon; a falcon's nest; a
shadow ; the ring of a door, by which it is
shut ; a crow.

a aldnl, Belonging to the present
time.

CO*j2\ aldniyun (G. eXivtov), Elecampane,
helenium.

•ffi dldv, jb\ aldv, A flaming fire.

dlawa, A trivet, pot-hook, lire-place ;
two sticks for playing' at hockey,

a (jASl ildhi, Beferring or belonging to
God, divine.

dlay, (in comp.) Defiling ; a defiler.

o*s^ ildychi, Cardamoms.

lAjS? dldyieh, Contamination, defilement,
corruption, pollution, impurity ; — alayishi
dunyawlya, The corruptions of the world.

t)J*^ dl&'xdan, To contaminate ; to con-
found, to mis; to be contaminated.

a s-W alb (v.n.), Drawing together, as-
sembling ; instigating, impelling, driving
(camels) ; = T. <-J! q.v.

^ alba (in Zand and Pazand), Milk;
mallows.

WW ulba, Sheep's heart and liver hashed
and fried in oil.

A oWtt alibbd' (pi. of lahib), Wise, pru-
dent, intelligent, ingenious, industrious,
assiduous.

a <^£\.alb&b (pi. of liibb), Minds, un-
derstandings, intellects; — Hbdb (v,n. 4 of
s-J), Stopping, remaining in a place.

»>WM ilbdd, A carder or cleaner of cotton.

a y»WK ilbde (v.n. 4 of ^-t 3 ), Clothing,
dressing.

jWN ulbaq, A kind of winter garment.

A ulhat, A congregation, assembly,
crowd ; hunger ; — alabat, A cuirass of
leather.

a al-batta, Certainly, necessarily, in
every manner, altogether '; — al-batta khwa-
ham dad, I will certainly give (it).

alburz, Name of a celebrated moun-
tain near Hamadan in Persia, famous for a
number of temples of ths Magi ; an athle-
tic, courageous man.

a*H ulba, A kind of food (see l*5\).

t alp, A strong man, athlete, hero.
alp, The Alps (m.c. from F. Alpes).

t <$~j\ alp arsl&n, Name of king
and hero.

(j^tS^-St alpitagin, pr.n. Alpitagln.

a Jt)f d~lat, dla, An instrument, utensil,
tool, apparatus ; tackle, rigging ; a bier ;
the penis ; — alati harb, Machines of war,
military apparatus, arms ; — dla'i hirfat, Im-
plements of trade or craft ; — alati mardi,
The penis.

i*«f\ dlut, Plump buttocks ; the chine.

a y-lt-JJ ilttbas (v.n. 8 of tr^J), Being
obscure, intricate, confused, mixed, doubt-
ful, perplexing ; confusion, intricacy, doubt,
perplexity 5 double-en tend re, equivocal-
ness, ambiguity.

92 ) «JT

a fUsK iltisdm (v.n. 8 of ,**!), Covering
(the mouth) with a veil; kissing.

a iltija (v.n. 8 of "V), Fleeing for
refuge (to a man or place) ; refuge, protec-
tion ; entreaty, petition, solicitation, gup-
plication ; — iltija awardan {bar awardan),
iltija kardan, To take refuge with, to resort
for protection to.

a iltihd' (v.n. 8 of Becoming

bearded, getting a beard.

a oV*^ iltihdd (v.n. 8 of *«»5), Inclin-
ing; taking refuge; departing from the
faith, becoming impious and unbelieving.

A u=A*iS\ iltihds (v.n. 8 of tj*<*}), Hinder-
ing, keeping back, rendering helpless.

A iltihdf (v.n. 8 of >-A*J), Clothing

oneself with any kind of upper garment
(lihdf).

a pWsJ! iltikam (v.n. 8 of Being
filled up with flesh (lahm), healing (a
wound) ; waxing hot and bloody (a battle).

A iltizaz (v.n. 8 of JJ), Savouring,
relishing.

A jjs^xh iltindq (v.n. 8 of jjJ), Adhering,
sticking.

a iltitam (v.n. 8 of Being neces-
sary or expedient; necessity, expediency;
being assiduous, sticking firm to; taking
upon oneself ; hire, rent, lease ; — iltizaman,
=the following.

a iltizdmdnah, Necessarily, con-

sequently i by renting, hiring.

y-Ui, csJ^ dlat-shinds, Skilled in arms.

a vWI ilti'db (v.n. 4 of v^), P3aying,
sporting.

a «uUs3\ iltif&t (v.n. 8 of Turning
towards another ; respect, courtesy, reve-
rence; attention, regard; favour; (in rhe-
toric) an apostrophe -, — iltifdt budan, To
turn toward ; — iltifdli muluhdna, Royal
favour ; — iltifdt kardan, To make a present
(to an inferior).

a ^iUsi\ iltifaf (v.n. 8 of >-iS), Growing
luxuriantly, being entangled ; wrapping
oneself up in a garment.

a oV&J\ iltiqd', Meeting, coming together,
seeing one another, interview.

a iUsJI iltiqat (v.n. 8 of ta!), Collecting,
gathering, picking up ; stumbling unex-
pectedly (upon one).

a pUb3\ iltiqdm (v.n. 8 of ffi), Taking a
morsel (higma); devouring, swallowing.

a u-Wtt iltimds (v.n. 8 of (j~*J), Pray-
ing, supplicating, petitioning, beseeching ;
prayer, request, entreaty ; supplication, pe-
tition; — iltimds kardan (guftan), To peti-
tion, to beg, to solicit (m.c).

a iltimd' (v.n. 8 of Shining,

Sashing, being resplendent ; carrying away,
snatching; being changed (colour).

t WdTj dl-tamakd, U*^5\ al-tamgha (red
stamp), Eoyal seal ; a grant of land under
the royal seal in perpetuity ; royal insignia;

ulJI (

diploma; a medal; a tax levied on tra-
vellers.

a Afi\ iltiwd' (v.n. 8 of <s$), Twisting ;
hanging back ; procrastinating, delaying,
postponing.

a s*^i!\ iliikdb (v.n. 8 of s-V), Burning,
flaming; heat, inflammation; — garm-ilti-
hdb, Burning fiercely.

a tW*N iltiyah (v.n. 8 of c^), Shining,
flashing.

a iltiya* (v.n. 8 of Flying for
refuge to.

a iltiyaf. (v.n. 8 of Joining ;

adhering.

a iltiya' (v.n. 8 of g^), Longing,

being desirous; being inflamed with love ;
pining away.

A (XuS\ ilti'dm, iltiydm (v.n. 8 of c°^),
Healing or closing of a wound ; being
cured ; conciliation.

IjN ali, Proud ; a pompous or mincing air.

T uljd, A booty ; a captive (see ^J/).

a A^H Ujd' (v.n. 4 of "V), Keferring a
matter to God, and submitting to His will ;
protectiug, defending from evil.

a iljdm (v.n. 4 of ^J), Bridling.

t i^V^ uljdmish, (.j^-W 1 ^ uljdmishl =
yi-UPy , iS i**£*} :) \ q.v.

a' yij+fi al-jabr, Algebra (as the reduction
of parts to a whole, or of fractions to in-
tegers).

a ^Ui e#*^ al-juraha qasds, For wounds
retaliation (Coranic phrase frequently
used).

aljir, Algiers (m.c.).

<**ai*rt dlohaMt, alchakht, Greed, avarice;
need ; hope.

t (J^S\ aldchuq, aldehuq, v3^«Jl aZ-

chuq (also aldjuq, alajuq, aljuq, &c), Small
osier tent covered with felt.

t alchang, A nourisher of his sub-

jects ; the third ancestor.

t ilchi, An ambassador, plenipoten-
tiary.

t al-chichak, Name of a Turkish

prince.

T i3*<^ alchiq (aljtq), Small osier tent
covered with felt.

a tWN ilhdh (v.n. 4 of J 5 ), Importu-
ning, soliciting ; urgency, importunity, in-
treaty, solicitation ; remaining fixed (a
cloud) ; raining incessantly.

a >>\ji\ alhdd (pi. of labd or luhd), Niches
dug in the side of a tomb or grave ; — ilhdd
(v.n. 4 of W), Inclining, deviating, de-
parting from the faith; impiety, irreligion,
infidelity, heresy, idolatry, polytheism ;
burying.

a J«>WM al-hasil, On the whole, in fine,
to sum up.

a W*J\ alhag (pi. of lahg), Side- glances ;
— ilhdz (v.n. 4 of W), Looking through
the outer corner of the eye ; casting a side-
glance.

93 ) yi

a ilhaf (v.n. 4 of Importu-

ning, urging, compelling.

a ilhdq (v.n. 4 of Arriving,
reaching, overtaking, following; joining;
affixing, suffixing.

a J^fcN al-hdl, Now, at present.
A flUJJ al-hdlat hasih, This being
the case, things being so.

a ilhdm (v.n. 4 of ,**}), Giving

flesh to eat ; filling up with flesh (a wound),
being fuil of flesh and corpulent ; gather-
ing flesh, waxing fat (camel) ; weaving the
woof.

a yVJ\ alhdn (pi. of lahn). Notes, sounds,
modulations, tones ; — ilhdn (v.n. 4 of e>**)>
Chanting the Quran ; singing sweetly.

a p£a$ al-hukm li-'ll&h, The decision
belongs to God.

al-hamd khwdndan, To read
the first chapter of the Quran, which com-
mences thus : £U al-hamdu li-'llah,
Praise be to God !

a ts-u^JJ al-hamde, A " praise be to
God," a prayer.

A (ft alakh (for i/-} JjN Ud dkMrihi) And
so forth, et cetera, to the end of it.

a (jJUfcN al-k]tdliq, A smock, waistcoat,
vest, garment.

a -lil cUadd, Quarrelsome, squabbling,
litigious (man).

ildigix, Name of a Turkish king.
jJT alar, dlir, Buttocks, hips.
Jjtt alard, A net with wide meshes in
which gardeners carry their vegetables to
market.

a }\ ah (v.n.), Adhering ; — alas (v.n.),
Staggering, tottering, being agitated.

a Uzdq (v.n. 4 of jy!), Being joined ;
joining, cementing, glueing.

a ilzdm, (v.n. 4 of p}), Rendering
necessary, compelling; conviction, proof,
confutation ; reproof, censure, blame ; im-
putation, accusation, incrimination ; invec-
tive, calumny, libel.

a aham, More or most necessary,
(jjwl alzidan, To digest (doubtful word).
I— H alad, Aniseed baked iu bread,
ut— dlast, u^-Jt alast, A fat, plump
buttock.

a a-laet (a-lastu), Am I not (viz.

your Lord. Quran vii. 168. See
for which it is sometimes used).
dlsur, Buttocks.
a fj— M alsun, alsinat, altina (pi. of

lisdn), Tongues ; languages, dialects.

A (jj— v)-^ as-sinna hi 's-sinn, A tooth
for a tooth (Coranic phrase popularly
quoted, where we would say " tit for tat").
uSJ^ dlish, Swift walk,
m alut, An odoriferous plant.
A iw*UoH altdf (pi. of lutf), Benefits, fa-
vours ; kindnesses ; — iltdf (v.n. 4 of <~JM),
Conferring favours.

ui (

<_jm\ alldf-fakhmlr, Overflowing (lit.
fermenting) with favours.

a cJiJl alt of, More or most kind or be-
nevolent ; better, best.

t U*i Jl; dl tamgha, The royal seal or
signature, &c. (see U*<x^ ).

a at-tusi, Native of Tiis in Khu-

riisan, surname of many celebrated met),
e.g. rjrdausi and the aatronomer Nasiru 'd-
din.

a yiiUl al-'afash, Thirst ; — al-'ata»h
eadan (guftan), To mate known one's
thirst.

a al-'aina bi 'l-'ain, An eye

for an eye (Coranic phrase in everybody's
mouth).

£N aligk, Effeminate, infamous.

t fi\ uluglt, Powerful great ; — ulugk beg,
A great prince ; name of a king of Parthia
and India, grandson of Timur Lang.

a ilgiicC (v.n. 4 of yt!), Throwing
out of account, not admitting into computa-
tion ; frustrating.

ilighaj, Plunder, sack.

a ;L*J1 alyliae (pi. of lugtis, lugkux,
laghax, lughaz), Enigmas, riddles; — 'dgk&z
(v.n. 4 of Speaking enigmatically, pro-
posing riddles.

t _>UH alijhdr, Sack, plunder ; swift walk.
alughda, alaghda, Mixed ; angry,
contentious.

a al-gha-ras, To sum up all, in a

word ; in short.

jl^^aH alghunjdr. Feigned anger of a
mistress ; a morel cherry ; calumny ; envy.

yjL«^i*i\ alghanjidan, To gain, to acquire.

yX^Jl alghandan, To gain, acquire, col-
lect.

diyO^ dluhuna. Rose-coloured, scarlet,
ruby-coloured paint for the face.

a al-ghiyds, Clamour for justice ;

help!

a i_aJ\ alf (v.n.), Giving a thousand ; a
thousand ; — ait/, Name of the first letter in
the Arabian and Persian alphabets (hence,
az alifi adam ta mlmi maslh, from Adam
until Jesus) ; alone ; — alijl istiwd. The
equinoctial line ; — alifi iqlim, The first of
the seven climates of the earth ; — alif Id
id, A slate, a pen, and stool ; — alif be, The
alphabet ; — alif shudan, To become a
recluse; to grow poor; — alif bar khdk
(zamin) hashidan, To be ashamed ; — alif
/cardan, To strip naked ; — alifi ku/iydn, The
KuQc alif ; anything bent ; penis.

A kUJI alfa' (v.n. 4 of yd), Finding, at-
taining, arriving at,

^jji-UK alfdkhlan, To gain, acquire, col-
lect.

a ulfdsh, A hypocrite ; a kind of

thistle.

a alfdz (pi. of lafz), Words, vocables,
articulate sounds ; terms ; technical terms.

94 ) i*AH

a Jl4» alfdf (pi, of liff), Thick, entangled
(trees).

a ulfat, Friendship, attachment,

familiarity, companionship, intimacy.

^*JT dlaft, aluft, <jf£\ aluft, Affliction,
grief ; distractedness.

yi&sAJf dlufiagdn (pi. of dlufta), Asto-
nished, confounded, afflicted, mad ; en-
amoured.

a ulfatgart, Friendship, intimacy.

(jJsAM dlvftan, To rage, grow mad (with
love) ; to be confounded, afflicted, en-
amoured.

te*J^ dlufta, Astonished, furious, insane,
mad ; broken, infirm, poor, disconsolate ; a
debauchee ; a ball.

a ^yaN ulfati-banda, Attached, inti-
mate.

yjujtflf dluftidan, = <$s*S\ q.v.
u«fcAH dlfakht, Aloes-wood ; — alfaJsht,
Acquisition, gain.

yAiAlt alfakhtan, To gain, acquire.
tesiAll alfakhta, Gained.
a #«> alif-ddgh, A mark branded in
the shape of an alif.

yjuUM alfaghdan, <j&&\ alfaqtan, To gain.
a m^ii alif-qdmat, alif-qad

(for qadd), With a figure erect as an alif;
afe/-shaped (applied to the eye-lashes).

a teijS <_*H ilf-girifta, Habituated, accus-
tomed.

giASI alfanj, Gained ; gain, acquisition.
yj^iiSl alfanjidan, To gain, acquire, col-
lect.

yjuAl\ alfandan, To gain,
yjuj^ alfandidan, To gain to acquire.
a <J&\ alifi, Tall, erect, straight as an

alif.

yjLJiN alfidan, To gain, to acquire.
■u*AS\ aljina, <^AK alflya, The penis.
a jtt alq (v.n.), Maddening ; lying ;—
ilq, A wolf ; — illaq, Shining, flashing.

a M\ ilqd' (v.n. of Throwing down,
flinging, casting ; imparting, communica-
ting ; inspiration ; — ilqd kardan, To throw
out, to let fall (words).

a w^Jl alqdb (pi. of laqab), Titles of
honour, appellations, epithets, styles, sur-
names ; forms of address (in letters).

a c^N ilqdh (v.n. 4 of ^i), Rendering
fruitful, covering, impregnating ; giving a
share.

A iS-oSJI txl-qissa, On the whole, in a word.
a U)\ alqat (for al-qatt), Cutting off,
severing, sundering; put aside, dismissed ;
inadmissible.

*stff alak, Spikenard (also dim. of dl,
q.v.).

uiAH alik, Hopeless, destitute, undone ; a
road ; a precious stone ; a nag.
t <d&\ alak (elek), A sieve (m.c).
\£S\ ulka, A country, kingdom, region.
T aldkji (dekji), A sieve-maker

(m.c).

^ii) ( 95

a alkan, A stutterer, pronouncing
badly.

ullcan, A miser ; a drunkard.

a imS &\ alkanl, Stammering, barbarous.

(j*^ alto, 'Name of a, champion ot
Turkistan killed by Rustam.

4S31 ulka, A province, dominion, posses-
sion.

^\ alM (corruption of pdlki), A

sedan chair, litter, palankin.

t a?-sri( ( = P. );} j-S> it-gtr fcirax;,

i.e. take and go) , Name of a river and post-
bouse on the road from Tiflis to Baku.

tij£i\ algiina, A wash or paint foT the face.

a al-lat, Name of an idol owe wor-
shipped at Mecca. ,

a &\ allah (originally «31 al-ildh), God:
The God, by way o£ eminence (being
compounded of the article al, The, and

*M ildh, a God) ; to which the following
and such-like epithets are generally added :
(a' aid, tabdraka wa ta'dld, jalla wa 'aid,
subhanaku, which imply, The most high,
holy, blessed, and glorious God ; — allah
a'lam, God knows ; — allah akbar, God (is)
greatest, omnipotent (also name of a moun-
tain at Shlraz) ; — allah allah, O God ! good
God ! (a mark of admiration) ; — allah
qddir, God (is) powerful ! (used to express
tbat He can avert any threatened calamity) ;
— allah harlm, God is good, beneficent (a
consolatory ejaculation) .

fi\ alum, A kind of vetch ; — ulum, A
company, a squadron ; — ulum ulum, In
troops.

a f)\ alam, Grief, affliction, anguish, dis-
tress, pain, agony ; — a-lam, Is it not? is it
not yet ?

alma*, A diamond ; glass ; a pen-
knife ; a tooth ; sharp, piercing or cutting
iron ; strenuous, active ; — almdsi brilyan
(barlant), almdsi tarashida, Brilliant (m.c.) ;
almdsi paikdni, A kind of diamonds in the
shape of arrow-heads ; — almdsi kkdlddr, A
diamond with a black ot red mark (worth-
less) ; — almasi-khijdlat, Perspiration from
shame ; — almdsi ehirin (nabdti), A kind of
diamond.

S;^ u»Utt almas-para, A glow-worm ; a
spark.

JiAj |j.UN alm&s-tardsh, A diamond-
cutter; diamond-dust ; cut into angles or I
facets (glass).

y»UM almds-reza, Diamond-dust.
o*WM alwids-fi'l, yjS ^.Ul^ almas-gun,
)k almds-ydr. Adamantine, bright,

penetrating (a sword).

,_5"<UH almdsiy Gut into facets (like a dia-
mond).

tsfi) (j-U^ almdsi-rang, Bright, trans-
parent.

a. (jpUJl al-mdlaq, Name of a country in
Turkistan.

) J»

a ,»U!\ Umdm (v.n. 4 of ?>!), Alighting;
committing slight offences ; approaching
puberty or ripeness.

8Jy*Sl alam-zada, Afflicted, grief-stricken.

■ } \jS alam-guddz. What melts, i.e.
soothes or removes grief.

a alam-nashrah, The title and the

opening words of Sura xciv. of the Quran,
Have we not opened (thy breast); mani-
fest, evident, clear, well-known.

wf£\ alamut (eagle-nest), Name of a for-
tress between Kazwin and Ghilan.
ilimun, A lemon.

g^Ti dlunj, A wild plum.

alinjdn, Name of a province iu

Persia.

alatijaj, s^^N dlanjiij, alanjiij.
Aloe-wood.

alanka, A flame.

«iCJ\ dlang, <i&N alang, An entrench-
ment ; a wall of defence ; a garrison ; a
besieging party.

alnl, A door-post.

a yprR alaniyiln, Helenium, elecampane.
alu, Defiled, contaminated ; a brick-
kiln ; a name of various fruits ; a plum j a
yam; — dlii'i bukjidrd, dlu'ijili, fdu'i kishta,
Different kinds of plum ; — dlu'i daehti, A
medlar ; — dlu'i inalqolm, Potato (called after
Sir John Malcolm),

a ji\ tilu (used as pi. of ^o), Lords,
masters; having, possessed of; — ula 'i-atur,
The companions of Muhammad ; also their
followers in learning and authority.

\f\ alwa, ilwd, Aloes ; Rustam's sword-
bearer ; — ulwd, A star, planet, constella-
tion.

A alwds (pi, of laws), Impurities,

filth,

A tV^ aluidh (pi. of lauk), Planks,
boards; tablets, tables.

a alwdZ) An asylum ; a mountain.

A j\y\ alivdz (pi. of lauz), Almonds.

a Mjtt alwdt (pi. of kj! q-v.), Clowns,
buffoons, and their performances ; buf-
fooneries, vulgar tricks (m.c).

a yiyi alwdn (pi. of laun), Colours,
kinds; of divers kinds ; of various colours ;
— alwdn khvDwrdan, To swallow voraciously ;
— alw&ni ni'mat, Blessings of various
kinds ; all sorts of good things ; various
and dainty dishes.

MjH dlmdh, Galangale.

jJ^jl^ alii bdlu, An arnaarylla, or sour
cherry.

gjS\ aluj, Elecampane, a herb, which is
a specific against the bite of serpents.

<!^y\ allacha, A small plum ; a currant ;
a cherry.

j/f alud, (in eomp.) Contaminated,
stained, polluted, dirtied, soiled, bespat-
tered, besmeared, fouled, aa khata' alud,
majtix alud, Stained with crimes, &c.

a al-widd', Farewell ! adieu !

( 96 )

.1

0 £jjJ^ dludagi, Contamination, defile-
ment,

yJj! 1 ! dliidan, To stain, pollute, con-
taminate, defile; to anoint ; to be polluted,
defiled.

SJ)J^ dluda, Stained, polluted, smeared,
defiled; anointed; disturbed, confuse!;
overwhelmed; mingled; — dluda'i khan.
Smeared with blood; weeping; — dliidagdni
dahr, Worldlings, misers ; criminals, rebels.

Qji. itift dluda-kkun, Blood-stained ; cry-
ing, weeping.

b^ } \\ dluda-duman, Having the tails
of one's garments bespattered ; a siuner,
fornicator.

)<fi dlur, The buttocks.

dliis, Amorous or angry side-glance.

t aim, A tribe, people, nation.

y-jJl dlusan, A sort of plum, an aperient.

a y—jN ahlsan, Alysson, or madwort.

<s~~ j'l dlu si yah, A certain Indian fruit,

ji>jM alush, Provisions from the lung's
tii hie.

Q&ffi.fS tiliishldan, To embrace.

A ~-if>\ idftf (pi. of alf ), Thousands.

a usJjW uliik, Sending a message ; a mis-
sion, an embassy.

t^jS^ dlu gurda, A certain fruit of a
yellow colour.

a Juj!^ alwand, Ai_jJl alwand, Name of a
high mountain in Hamadan.

dluna, A wash, cosmetic, paint.

a/\ dlwh, An eagle.

a aluwwa, Aloes-wood.

a ulCihai, &e*jH uluhiyat, Deity,

divinity, godhead.

a alwiyat, alwiya (pi. of liwa'), Stan-
dards, ensigns, banners.

&\ dla, Spikenard ; — dluh, An eagle.

&\ ala, Blue bdellium; — ulah, ullah, An
eagle.

a t$\ ihih (for aM), A god ; — ildhd, 0
God!

a <>^\ ilhd' (v.n. 4 of j^j, Diverting, oc-
cupying ; filling the funnel of a mill.

a s->V^ Hhiib (v.n, 4 of 'i-^), Inflaming,
kiudling.

a ildh-dbdd, The city of Allahabad,

A eW^ Hhdj (v.n. 4 of Being greedy
of suck (young camel).

A ilhdm (v.n. 4 of Inspiration,
divine revelation ; — ilhdmi ihihi, ilhami rab-
banl, The inspiration of God.

a sj^n ilhdni-baydn, Speaking by

inspiration.

a j?.i> ilhdtn-pazir, Inspired.

a allahumma, 0 God !

a ^\ ildM, = Allah ; divine.

a c^IhjM ildhiydt (pi. of the following),
Divine things; theology; metaphysics;
things pertaining to the supernatural.

a ildhiyat, Divinity, deity.

a b^m-^ Uhljdj (f,n. 11 of j^), Begin-
ning to coagulate (sour milk).

dli, Saffron-colour,

a ild, To, up to, towards, until ; — Ud
'l-dn, Till now, to this time, until this hour ;
— ilai-hi, ilaih, To him, to it ; above-men-
tioned, aforesaid {=mu»hdr ilai-hi).

a U\ alyd, Marsh-mallows

a ilyds, alyas, Elias ; name of a

king of Khazar, a country on the confines
of the Caspian Sea.

a y*- ^\ alyasin, Elias ; the followers of
Elias.

ij\ dli-bdli, A cherry.

a alyat, The tail of an Asiatic ram,
large and very fat, weighing about ten or
twelve pounds ; the buttocks ; the balls of
the thumbs and the great toes ; the gums.

(j^Sw^ dlikMan, To rear, to kick.

y-Vll dlldan, To commit a crime ; to
recede, to depart from an agreement; to
blame, accuse ; to quake with fear.

y~>\ dlu, allx, A kick, a bound, a leap,

(joj-i^ dlizidan, To rear, to kick.

s^5>J^ dlizanda, Kicking, vicious (horse).

yAjy^ dlizidan, To bound, rebound, kick ;
to mourn, become sad ; to palpitate, shake,
be in convulsions ; to offend ; to blame,
accuse, criminate.

a a>V^ ^ ghairi 'n-nihdya, End-
lessly, in infinite numbers (ra.c).

a <-A-N alif, Familiar, intimate ; a com-
rade, friend.

a (J*^ alyaq, More or most proper, fit,
suitable.

a Ja^ alii (v.n. of J\), Groaning (from
pain or grief) ; the murmuring of running
water ; — alyal, Very dark night.

a f*i\ alirn, Painful, torturing, excrucia-
ting.

a alyan, Softer, more or most limber
or subtile; — alin, Name of a village in
Marw.

p\ am (first person of budan, To be), I
am, and as such, like the English " am,"
the remainder and representative of the
S, aemi ; the suffixed form of the pro-
noun of the first person, signifying " my "
after a noun, as jama-am, My robe, and
expressing the accusative after an inflected
active verb, as zanad-arn, He strikes (will
or may strike) me; — im (Z. aem), when
prefixed to some words, stands for m, This,
as im-shab for in-ahab, To-night, &c.

a f\ umm, Mother; source, origin, foun-
dation, basis; chief part; — ummu 'l-baiz
(mother of whiteness, or of the egg), The
ostrich ; — ummu 'l-jaish (mother of the
army), A standard; — ummu 'l-khabd'is
(mother of abominations), Wine; — ummu
'd-damdgA, ummu 'r-ra'a (mother of the
brain, of the head), The pia mater; — ummu
'r-razd'il, Ignorance ; — ummu 's-sibydn, A
demon who inflicts pain on children ; an
epileptic fit in a child ; — ummu 't-tariq, A
highway ; — ummu 'f-ta'dm, Wheat ; the

UT ( 97 ) U

stomach ; — ummu 'l-fa;a'il, Knowledge ; —
ummu 'l-qurdn, The first chapter of the
Koran ; — ummu 'l-qurd (mother of cities),
Mecca ; — ummu 'l-kitdb (mother of the
book), The preserved tablet (of divine
decrees) ; the first chapter of the Koran ;
— ummu 'n-nujiim (mother of the stars),
The milky way, heaven, the starry vault.

\*A dmd, Tilling ; preparing ; adorning
(see ijM).

a \A arrvmd, But, moreover, however,
nevertheless, notwithstanding.

a isM imatat (v,n. 4 of <*>y), Putting to
death ; being bereaved of her children.

a J»U\ amasil (pi. of amsal), Eminent,
conspicuous ; peers, nobles, grandees, free-
men.

cM dmdj, A plough ; heaps (of earth)
on which they place butts for shooting at
with arrows ; a target for archers ; a throne ;
the twenty-fourth part of a farsang.

amaj = the preceding ; — umdj, A
kind of pottage.

4iW gUlj dmdj-Jckdna, A place on which a
target ib fixed.

a amdjid (pi. of amjad). Most

Glorious, honourable ; great nobles.

eM dmdj-adkhtcujl, Plough- gear.

?X».U^ amdj-gdh, A place on which a
target is fixed; an arrow- range; (met.)
the world.

^/jU^ amddagl, Preparation, readiness.

(j)JM dmddan (S. ma with prep, d), To
prepare, make ready, equip, expedite,
despatch ; to be prepared ; to fill.

JjWj amdda, Prepared, ready ; arranged,
disposed in order ; equipped ; ripe ; made
plain ; resolved, determined ; — dmdda'i
fyxrb gaihtan, To prepare for war ; — dmdda'i
kdr. Ready to act (tn.c).

dmdr, Numeration, calculation ; in-
quisition, investigation ; minute search ;
dropsy.

_)W amdr, Starch ; weaver's glue.

aJjW amdrat, A sign, mark, signal, token,
symptom ; a sign-post ; time ; the time or
place of a promise ; — imdrat, amdrat, Office
of an amir, i.e. governor or commander ;
possession of a command ; district under
the authority of a governor ; a government;
command, authority, power, rule, sove-
reignty ; dignity, grandeur, pomp ; increase,
abundance, prosperity ; — ammarat, amtndra,
Wont to command; imperious, domineer-
ing, headstrong (see y-u nafs).

a jjW amarid (pi. of amrad), Beardless
youths.

jefjM dmdr-glr, An accountant.

dmdm, Inquiry, strict searcb ; cal-
culation ; dropsy.
«jW imara, Computation, reckoning.
jeS i^A imdra-gir, An accountant.
y«U^ dmds, A tumour, a swelling ; —

dmd8 uftadan, The swelling goes down,
subsides.

\~\*S dmdsd, Swelling.

yjuiUWi dmasdnidan, To cause to swell.

qAs-U^ dmdsidan, To swell, become in-
flated.

8A e _Uf amdeida, Swelled, swollen.

AjU. ij^-U^ dmdsida-khaya, One who has
swelled testicles.

a s^~X*\ amdsiya, A city in Cappadocia.

<J>\~\ dmdsh, A roasting-spit.

a imdtat (v.n. 4 of S4»), Removing,
taking away, putting to a distance ; setting
on fire.

a (j^Ul amdkin (pi. of makan), Places ;
mansions, habitations j — amakini mutabar-
raka, Holy places.

A dmdl (pi. of amal), Desires, hopes.

a JM imdlat (v.n. 4 of J*-«), Causing to
incline, bending ; (in gram.) giving to
fatha a sound like that of kasra (as when
kitdb is pronounced as if written kitib).

a fU\ amdm, Before, prior to ; — imdm,
One who stands before or is followed, a
head, chief, leader, especially in religious
matte. e, antistes or reader in a mosque;
prelate, patriarch, priest ; a khalif ; an
exemplar, pattern ; a mason's line or rule ;
the flag borne in procession before the
ta'ziya during the Miracle Play ; — imdmi
jum'ah, Imam who recites the Friday
prayers for the sovereign; — imdmi subha,
The large bead in the middle of a rosary.

V 4 l* ' imdm-bdra, A temple, conclave ;
a place illuminated at the festival of Mu-
harram, where the shrines of the Imams
Hasan and Husain are visited with great
veneration.

a imdmat (v.n. of f>\), Taking the
lead in religious matters, performing the
functions of an Imam ; the priestly office.

a « imdm-tdda, The son of a priest ;
— imdm-zdda hdshim. Name of a place in
Gilan.

a imdm-quli, The son of Nadir

Shah.

amdmun (G. a/itu/xov), Stone-
parsley ; ginger ; pepper.

a imdmi, Of or relating to an Imam,

a imdmiyat, imdmiyah, The sect of
Shi'ds, who hold that 'All is the true Imam
or immediate follower of Muhammad.

a amdn (v.n. of t^), Being safe

and secure ; security, safety, peace, tran-
quillity, protection ; quarter, pardon, in-
demnity, grace; a kettle-drum; — al-amdn,
Quarter ! mercy ! — amdn kAydstan, To sue
for mercy, to beg quarter.

a j*H (i^ 1 amtin-pazir, Who receives or
accepts in trust.

a amdnat (v.n. of t>-^), A deposit,
charge, anything given in trust ; security,
safety, protection ; safe-guard, safe-conduct ;

Ul

sincerity, faith, religion ; — amdnat dashtan,
To deposit, to place in trust.

a cS)* amanat-jari, Assignments of
revenue.

a #U>sJW amdnat-i]itina, Depository,
depot, storehouse, warehouse.

a jlJLsiW amanat-ddr, A depositary ;
trusty; guardian, custodian.

a (jjlJJiW amanat-darl, Charge, trust,
agency ; fidelity, faithfulness, honesty,
trustiness.

a jVis3U\ amdnat-kar, An agent, a factor.

a £S£a\*\ amanat-guzar, Depositary, cus-
todian.

a ^siM amanati, Deposited, given in
trust or charge ; a deposit.

a ,J\A amdni, Security ; trust, charge,
deposit ; land held, or work done, under
Government control (opp. to ijdra, farm-
land, contract work).

i amdnly (pi. of umniyat), Desires.
amah, A tumour.

Qjuto^ amahldan, To swell, to be stupe-
fied.

^S^\ dmdy, (in comp.) Filling, one who
prepares or makes ready, an ornamenter.

ijfU^ ama'i, Fulness, repletion.

yjLjfU^ ama'idan, To make ready, to pre-
pare ; to be ready ; to fill.

a ^jl}/^ amlarbarie, Barberries.
ambariid, A pear.

o ly-yA ambarusira. Ambrosia.

UHijlArf^ impardtris, Empress (m.c. from
Fr. imperatrice) .

^jU^ impardtor, Emperor, Czar (m.c.
from Latin).

St. imparydli Hid, Gold imperial (a

Russian coin).

a W amat, A female servant, a hand-
maid ; — ummat, People, nation ; sect, reli-
gious community, creed ; follower, co-
religionist (wmmati majnun, The followers
of Majnun, the tribe of lovers) ; — dmmat,
Reaching the brain (wound).

a amt (v.n.), Being crooked, curva-
ture ; being Bteep and high, declivity ;
ground covered with small hills ; determin-
ing (by measure, manner, or time).

A imta' (v.n. 4 of £*■«), Enjoying,

making use of ; being independent of, able
to do without ; causing one to enjoy life.

a wmmatdn (P. pi. of ummat),

Peoples, nations ; followers, co-religionists.

a JU&»\ imtisdl (v.n. 8 of J^-*), Obeying,
submitting, conforming (to law).

a imtihaah (v.n. 8 of u^*), Being

burnt.

A (vjUrS-^ imtihdn (v.n. 8 of (j**), Examin-
ing, weighing attentively, trying, proving,
testing ; trial, test, proof, experiment ;
examination, inquiry ; temptation , — imti-
kdndti ilahiya, Divine visitations ; — imtihdn
kardan , To examine (m.c.) ; — ax imtihdn birun
raftan, To pass an examination (m.c).

a lAsfcx^ imtik&dt (v.n. 8 of &=«{-.) Blow-
ing or cleaning the nose ; unsheathing a
sword ; snatching (anything from the hand
of another.

a imtiddd (v.n, 8 of £•), Being ex-

tended ; extension ; prolongation ; protrac-
tion, prorogation; — imtidddi haydt, Pro-
longation of life ; — imtidddi xaman, Length
or process of time (m.c).

a *\f*\ imtird' (v.n. 8 of <jf), Doubting;
doubt, scepticism.

a (j-V^ imtiras (v.n. 8 of Rubbing
oneself against anything ; brawling, wrang-
ling; altercation.

a o^tr"^ imtiragh (v.n. 8 of Seizing,
snatching anything from the hand of
another.

A $.y**\ imtizdj (v.n. 8 of GY*), Mingling,
being mixed, diluted, blended ; union, mix-
ture ; — mizdji sa'ddat imtizdj, A disposition
tempered with excellence.

a dJI — *A imtisdh (v.n. 8 of •si*-*), Hold-
ing fast ; clutching.

a LUm1*\ imtiskdt (v.n. 8 of l* 4 -"), Comb-
ing the hair.

AjUaM imtisar (v.n. 8 of j—), Milking a
camel with the ends of the fingers.

a yoUiM imtisds (v.n. 8 of (j 2 *), Sucking.

a (j*Ua*1 imtizdz (v.n. 8 of eA»), Being
burned, burning.

A usJliaM imtikdk (v.n. 8 of <^), Sucking.

a imtild' (v.n. 8 of "^), Being filled ;
fullness, repletion, surfeit ; indigestion.

a imtind' (v.n. 8 of fr*), Being pre-

vented ; abstaining, refraining ; inhibition,
prohibition, prevention, restraiut ; — imtind'
kardan, To refuse, deny ; to abstain.

a imtindn (v.n. 8 of t$"), Confer-

ring a favour or obligation (minnat).

a imtihdn (v.n. 8 of ijv), Wasting;

regarding as weak or contemptible ; being
so.

a ummati, A follower of a religious
sect or creed.

a jW*^ imtiydz (v.n. 8 of ye"), Being
separated ; separation, distinction, dis-
crimination ; discernment ; judgment,
discretion ; holding oneself aloof ; refusal ;
good breeding ; ceremony ; pre-emiueuce ;
— imtiydz kardan, To make a distinction, to
separate, to discriminate ; to treat with dis-
tinction.

a ^V-^A imtiydti, Possessing the quality
of discriminating, discriminative ; distin-
guished, well-bred.

A amsdl (pi. of masal), Resem-

blances, likenesses ; equals ; proverbs,
adages ; — amsdli shumd ash&it&s, People
like you (m.c.) ; — imstil (v.n. 4 of J^»), Re-
taliating, punishing ; making an example
(of a criminal by mutilating him).

a JM amsal, Most excellent, most
proper for imitation.

( 98 )

th 1 **-^ amja&htan, To desire ardently, to
long for.

a **»\ amjad, More or most laudable, ex-
cellent or glorious.

A imhdeh (v.n. 4 of ij«*>"), Burn-

ing, scorching, searing.

a yiW-l imh&z (v.n. 4 of u***»). Making
pure, keeping free from any admixture.

a JW«^ imhdl (v.n. 4 of J*~), Being
barren (a year) ; Buffering from barrenness
or famine.

A ^>\£*»\ imJchaz (v.n. 4 of i/aS-«), Drink-
ing pure milk.

amukhtan (~ q.v.), To

teach.

te&A amukhta ( = tos-^ q.v.), Taught.

±J\ dmad, He catne ; arrival ; income ;
name of a city iu Armenia ; — dmad u charj,
Receipts and disbursements ; — dmad uraft,
dmad u skud, Coming and going ; ingress
and egress, communication, intercourse ;
passage, thoroughfare.

amd, Time, season, opportunity.

a amad (v.n.), End of time ; term of
life ; goal ; anger ; — am id, Full of good or
bad qualities ; — amadd, More or most ex-
tended.

a <>\x^ amddd (pi. of mudd). Certain dry
measures ; — imddd (v.n. 4 of 3x»), Assisting,
aiding, helping, succouring; giving, subsi-
dizing; putting ink (maddd) into the ink-
Btand, or pen, giving ink to another; issu-
ing pus (a wound) ; — imddd kardan, To
help, to assist.

•M amad-amad, Approach.

dmaddna, dmaddni, Acci-

dental, casual, fortuitous, adventitious ; im-
ports.

^1 dmad-raft, Coming and going,
ingress and egress ; intercourse ; travellers ;
a road ; — dmad-raft ddshtan, To have in-
tercourse with, to have familiar access to
(m,c); — dmad-raft kardan, To ply to and
fro (m.c.).

M dmad-shud, Coming and going; —
— dmad ehid kardan, To come and go.
qM, dmad-akudan, Coming and going.
amadan, To come, to arrive ; to
exist, to be found ; to become (serving, like
shudan, to form the passive) ; coming,
arrival, entry ; — az an jahdn amadan. To
recover from a dangerous illness ; — ba-
jang amadan, To wage war against; — ba-
ehatkm amadan, To meet with the evil eye ;
to be afflicted with a calamity ; — ba-hdli
jthwesh amadan, To recover one's senses ; —
ba-dast amadan, To fall into one's power ; —
la-da.nddtt. khosh amadan, To be delightful,
pleasant, satisfactory ; — bar zaban amadan,
To speak, to talk; — bar ear amadan, To
conquer, overcome ; to increase ; to become
exalted; — ba-sar dmadan,To come to an end,
to cease; to reach perfection ; — ba-fdli bai

)

amadan, To be ill-omened, of bad augury ;
— ba-hdr amadan, To bring advantage, to
be useful; — ba-tvujud amadan, To spring
into existence, to be born ; — padid amadan ,
To become manifest, to appear ; — dar shumdr
amadan. To count amongst, to come into
account ; — dar hdr amadan, To profit ; — sar
amadan, To be satiated ; to loath ; to
awake.

amadan-gdh, The time or place of
coming, arriving, or meeting ; a rendezvous.

(jJ-x*^ dmadanl, Income, impost, revenue ;
the season at which any merchandise gene-
rally arrives ; perquisites, anything gained
over and above; emoluments, finances,
ways and means; imports, import duties.

a*1 dmad u raft, jj j dmad u rav
= utj, j^f q.v.

dmada, Come, arrived ; a joke, plea-
santry, impromptu.

]t$ f*"f amada-glr, Receiving, welcoming.

^$<!*A dmadl (^a^ dmadji), Title of a
higher functionary ; — amadi'i diwdni humd-
yun, Secretary of the State Council (m.c).

a f>\ dmir, One who commands, orders,
rules (dmiri nun u 'l-qalam, The lord of
the inkstand and the pen, God, Muham-
mad) ; — amr, Order, command ; (in gram.)
imperative ; affair, business, transaction ;
event, occurrence, fact, circumstance ; mat-
ter, case, thing, particular ; point, ques-
tion ; — amr kardan, To command ; — amr u
nahy, Command and prohibition, orders and
counter-orders ; — amarr, More bitter ; —
amarrdn (the two bitters), Poverty and
old age.

a V^f timrd, The mangoe.

a imra' (v.n. 4 of Agreeing with
a man, being wholesome and digestible
(food) ; — imra', A man ; — umard' (pi. of
ys*A amir), Princes, <tc.

a imra' at, A woman.

a ij^f^ amrdz (pi. of maraz), Diseases,
maladies, distempers, ailments ; — imrd?
(v.n. 4 of i//*)> Making sick, throwing into
a disorder ; being near the truth, following
the dictates of reason; having distempered
cattle.

a £}y\ imrdgh (v.n. 4 of Spitting ;
blabbing, chattering ; thinning (a mass of
paste) with water.

a umard'i, Nobility.

a 'iy\ irnrai, A government, principality,
dominion.

Jsj wy\ amrit-phal (S. amrita-phala),
Name of a fruit.

dmard, The fruit of the tree ardk.
a JyA amrad, Beardless and handsome
(youth) ; leafless (branch) ; having little
hair about his heels (horse).

aw,urdad> Name of a month.
a v>"»]> J/*^ amrad-paraet, A pederast,
a (j*-j> amrad-paraeti, Pederasty.

)yA dmurts, Imp. of dmunldan, (hi comp.)
remitting, absolving, forgiving.

. ^jr*^ dmuniah, wrnurzieh, Absolution, for-
giveness; — dmurzish khwastan, To era re
forgiveness.

j^5r*T dmurzgar, Forgiving, compassionate.

isyfyyA dmurzgdrl, Compassion, forgive-
ness.

amvrzandagdn, The merciful.
dmurzanda, Pitying, forgiving.
dmurssidan, To forgive, absolve.

A amrat, Smooth-cheeked (man).

£f» Amurgb, A little, few, somewhat;
quantity ; value, price ; gain, profit; stock,
capital; a store, hoard ; power, rank ; — also
amargh, Boot, origin; the purest and
choicest part.

w^jr"^ amrut, \ amrud, A pear ; a guava.

jpjM imroz (for In roe), To-day, (met.) in
this life (opp. to 1j/ fatdd, iu the next
life) ; — imrox fardd kardan, To put off, to
procrastinate ; to beguile one's time,

tayjj/^ imroz-fardd, To-day or to-morrow,

<4i?/* imrozi, tHisr^ imrozin, ^jj/*^ im-
rozina, Of to-day ; — imrozin roz, This very
day.

dmus, A large cup of wine.

a ante, Yesterday.

a intsd' (v.n. 4 of ^~-*), Becoming

evening ; doing at evening time ; becoming
(unfortunate).

a <j»\~*\ imsat (v.n. 4 of u~^)> Touching
or causing one to touch ; causing to rub.

a jb^~A imsdk (v.n. 4 of <aX—/*), Keeping
back or off, holding, detaining ; abstaining
(from speaking) ; parsimony, scarcity,
"want ; a medicine taken to prolong plea-
sure in carnal intercourse ; the prolonga-
tion thus procured.

JL— A imsdl (for in sal), This year.

y 4 )L»*\ imedlin, Belonging to this year.

A e^*-^ amehdj (pi. of mashlj), Mixtures
of blood and water.

■Up— amshdapand, *»A~.U»«\ amshds-
fond, An angel.

inuhdek, Measure, rule ; compari-
son.

dmshdm, The intellect of the eighth
heaven or zodiac.

s- * 1 ^ imshab (for in shab), To-night.

a.J*>*\ amfar (pi. of misr), Cities, great
cities.

A yeUw»\ itnsd? (v.n. 4 of 0**), Making
suck.

a imzd' (v.n. 4 of l _ ? **), Making
pass or penetrate, transmitting, despatch-
ing; despatch, transmission ; signature; —
imzd* ddshtan. To sign.

A ^U-l imicdz (v.n. 4 of tr 4 *), Giving
pain (wound) ; burning (grief).

amidr (pi. of malar), Rains; —
imtar (v.n. 4 of }*•), Raining ; causing to
rain.

A»V»-\ am'd' (pi. of mi'd), Intestines, guts.

( 100 )

Qfs~\*"\ am'dsiyun. (G. o/^axiov), Juice v.

grapes.

a c^*-*! im'dn (v.n. 4 of y*), Sharpen-
ing, rendering acute or penetrating ; acute-
ness, penetration ; — im'dni nazr, Penetrating
glance, close look, attentive regard.

a j=>^A i-mqds, Suffering from cholic,
having the gripes.

(jji**^ amughaildn, ummugkaildn, The
Egyptian thorn.

o Qyi~te»\ umfasiyun, Juice of unripe
grapes.

a imkdn (v.n. 4 of t>^*), Giving

power, affording an opportunity ; possi-
bility, practicability ; power ; contingent or
potential existence (opp. to wujub, necessary
existence, or witqud, actual existence) .

a (j*^**^ imkdnl, Possible, potential ; con-
tingent.

a amkar, More or most crafty.
a &>£A amkinat, amkina (pi. of makdn),
Places.

dmul, Name of a town in Tabaristan,
and of one situated on the river Oxus.

a J-^ amal (v.n,), Hoping, hope, desire.

a iJW imld' (v.n. 4 of °A*), Filling up,
completing; inditing, writing correctly;
orthography, dictation; — be-imld, Inaccu-
rate, unorthographical.

a imld-ddn, One knowing how to

write orthographically,

jW imld<i, Name of a country in Tur-
kistan.

a jW imldq (v.n. 4 of ysSt-), Being re-
duced to want; poverty, destitution.

a >^M amldk (pi. of malk), Kings; (pi.
oimulk) goods, riches, possessions; estates,
property, lands; (pi. of vmlak) angels; —
imldk (v.n. 4 of >aAL«), Putting in possession
of a thing ; giving a wife ; kneading well
(dough) ; = amldk, Possessions, &c. ; — tm-
Idki ghairi manqula, Immovable property ;
hnldki manqula, Moveable property.

a JM imldl (v.n. 4 of J*), Being long
and tedious (a journey) ; annoying, vexing,
wearying; dictating, inditing a letter; con-
fession..

a y~>y M imld-nawis, One who writes
correctly.

a |-W anilaj (for P. dmulah) ; the myro-
balan-tree.

a ^\ amlah, Blue ; more or most humid.

u«X»l anilae, Even, smooth, sleek.

dmula (S. dmalaka), <*W amla, Name
of an excellent eye-medicine ; the myro-
balan-tree.

a w*<^ imlie, A barren desert.

a f\ urnam (pi. of ummat), People,
nations, tribes ; sects.

dman, Circumference, circuit (in
general applied as a minor term, when com-
pared to something of the same kind of a
greater circumference).

T

( 101 )

a dmin, Secure, safe, fearing nothing.

a amn (v.n.), Being safe, secure ;
safety, security ; tranquillity, peace ; — amn
n aman, Security and tranquillity.

a amanna (we believe), Yea, verily.

a umana' (pi. of amiri), Prefects ;
tax-gatherers ; superintendants ; — umand'i
daulat, Public functionaries (m.c.).

a dmina, The name of Muhammad's
mother.

dmana, a»\ amana, Split wood,
put up in bundles for sale.

a amniyat, Security, safety, repose;
a place of safety ; — umniyat, Desire, wish.

y\ dmu, A tumour, swelling, inflation ;
the name of the river Oxus.

amw&t (pi. of maut), Deaths;
—(pi. of mayyii) The dead.

a eV** o-mwdj (pi. of mauj), Waves, bil-
lows.

a §y\ amwal (pi. of mat), Goods, chat-
tels, effects ; possessions, property, riches,
wealth.

^yS ante, The nest of a bird of prey.
\t?y\ dmutlyd (iri Zand and Pazand), A
damsel.

V^yS amokhtan, To learn, to teach.

dmolchta. Learnt; taught;; — dmokh-
tag/ini azal (taught of the Eternal), Pro-
phets, seers, and saints.

<>y\ dmad = iJy\ q.v.

O^yS dmudan, To prepare, to fashion ; to
cause to be made ; to adorn ; to be adorned;
to mix ; to be mixed ; to fill.

**y\ amuda; Full, filled ; adorned ; pre-
pared, fashioned; mixed; stringed pearls,
rubies, <fcc.

jy*\ dtnur, A tumour (doubtful word).

A;j^ umur (pi. of y\ amr), Things,
affairs, acts, deeds, matters, concerns ;
articles, items; — umuri jamila, Good, beau-
tiful, elegant things ; — umuri daulat u din,
Affairs of state and religion; — umuri 'umum
(jumhur), Public or state affairs.

a utAjy\ umurdt (pi. of the preceding),
The same meanings.

a lit j jy\ umur-dida, Experienced in busi-
ness.

jyS dmoit, Teaching, learned, skilful.

dmozdnanda, A teacher.
y^)y\ dmozdnidan, To make learn, to
teach.

J*)}*} dmotish, Instruction, teaching.

fyy) dmozgdr, A teacher ; a learner ; —
dmoz-g&ri wakkshuran, The teacher of
prophets, applied to Hoshang, son of
Siyamak.

^)yA dmozndk, A teacher ; a student ; a
name of God.

tXjy] dmozwnM, Teaching ; a teacher.

tSjj-'T dmozl, A priest, one belonging to
the first of the four orders in which Jam-
shed is said to have divided his subjects
(see o»y tf ).

<y*i)y\ dmosidan, To learn ; to teach.

amus, dmu8, Bishop's weed ; a seed
put into bread.

>jf~y^ amusm, amusni, A woman who haB
a husband in common with another; a
concubine.

ty\ dmugh. Gravity, reverence, venera-
bility ; terror ; quantity, measure ; stature.
dmulan (G. afuvkoy), Starch.

a umumat, The being a mother ;

maternity.

yy} dmun, Brimful ; name of a river and
of a, town on its banks; (contraction of
perdmun), circumference, extent.

a yy\ amun, Firm, steady ; not apt to
trip.

<*sy\ druuy, Imp. of dmudan, q.v. ; (iu
comp.) filling; name of a town and of a
tribe near the river Oxus or Jihun.

**.y\ dmuya, The river Oxus.

dma, An ink-stand ; a bundle of

sticks.

A *A amah (v.n.), Oblivion, forgetful-
ness.

a uul^ ummahdt (pi. of umm), Mothers ;
— ummahdti tabti'i'i chahdr arkdn, umma-
hdti aufld, The four maternal or elementary-
qualities (in man) ; — chahdr ummahdti
sufliya u nuh dbd'i 'uhviya, The four
mothers below and the nine fathers
above, i.e. the four elements and the nine
heavens.

a Sy\ imhdl (v.n. 4 of Jy), Prolong-
ing, giving a delay, deferring, giving longer
time j giving an opportunity ; delay, re-
spite.

a tjfyA amhaq, Of a dead white (like
chalk).

&~?*ipf\ amhuBpand, Mt—yf\ amhdsfand,
An angel.

A ^_y\ ummiy, Not knowing how to read
or write, uneducated, illiterate (derived
from umm, mother, or ummat, people) ; —
ummi'i sddiq, umtnl'i guy a kaldm, Muham-
mad.

amyd, yW*^ amydn, A purse, a scrip.
(jS**-^ dmekhtagi, Sociability ; mix-
ture.

0*±t"\ dm.ekh.tan (S. misr with prep, a),
To mix, mingle; to be intermixed ; — bar
dmekMan, The same.

tas--l drnekhta, Mixed ; a mixture, com-
pound ; sociable.

•V*^ umed or umiid, ummed or ummid,
Hope, expectation, dependence, trust ; de-
sire, greediness ; — umed afgandan (bastati,
ddshtan) ba-chize (dar chtee), To hope for a
thing ; — umed bar dmadan, The hope be-
comes fulfilled, realised ; — umed bar l&dstan,
Hope departs, is frustrated ; — umed dddan,
To make one hopeful \—umed-r& pai burl-
dan, To deprive one of hope, cause one to
despair ; to lose hope ; — umed hardan, To

.1

( 102 )

hope for, expect ;—umed gusistan, To ren-
der or become hopeless.

cr*. ^\ umed-bakhsh, Giver of hope ;
God.

sir *t*A umed-gah, A place of hope or
refuge.

umedwdr, Hopeful, confident, sup-
ported by hope ; an expectant, dependant,
candidate ; — umedwdram hi, I hope that.

(^j-**^ umedwdrl, Hope, expectancy.

iS<\i"\ ummedl, Hopeful, sanguine ; an
expectant, etc. (= wmed-w&r).

amir, amir, A glutton ; lazy (a doubt-
ful word).

amir (pi. Ay\ umard'), A com-
mander, governor, emperor, chief, leader,
lord, prince ; a person of rank or distinc-
tion ; a gentleman ; (amvru, 'l-umard, Prince
of princes, chief of the nobles, a title given
by Eastern princes to their prime mini-
sters) ; — amlri dbi fyaywdn, The prophet
Khizr ; — amlri dkhwur, Master of the horse ;
— amiru 'l-bahr, Harbour-master ; com-
mander of the fleet ; great admiral ; — amlri
top-khdna, Commander of the artillery ; —
amvru 'l-jaish, The general of an army ;
commander of the land-forces ; — amlri
haras. Chief of the king's guards ; — amlri
dad, Chief justice; — amlri sahib dalq, The
Caliph Ali ; — amir Jcardan, To play the
prince, to act the emir ; to reign properly ;
— amiru 'l-mu'minln, Commander of the
faithful (title of the Caliphs).

amirdl. Admiral (m.c. from Fu.).

a amlrdna, Imperial, princely ;

imperially.

a 5>>\j ysA amlr-mda, One of noble birth or
family ; a king's son, a prince.

t amlrlu., Name of a Tartar tribe
(m.c).

tA^a"^ amvrgdn, Name of a quarter in
Constantinople.

a, yV-ftj amlr-niskdn, A king-maker (lit.
who seats an amir on the imperial throne).

a ^) amlr-wdr, Princely, imperially.

a amlri, Principality ; — amlri kar-

dan, To erect a principality ; to become
sovereign.

yy\ dmez, Mixture ; coneubitus, coitus ;
(in comp.) mixed, mingled, as i'tibdr-dmez,
Mingled with respect, &c.

a y>-*\ amym, More or most distinguished.

yj-J^ 4 dme&Cinldan, To cause to mix.

^yc^ dmezish, Mixture, alloy ; tempera-
ment, disposition ; sociableness ; — dmezish,
dddan (kardan), To mix, mingle; to inter-
mix.

^<J')t»\ dmezish-kun, Producing an ad-
mixture.

\j>y?*S dmezish-kunl, Admixing, admix-
ture.

y~A dmilz-gdr, Sociable.
Lsj&jtr*^ dmez-gdn, Mixture ; sociableness.
**^)*<^ dmezndk, Blended, mixed.

t^yy^ dmezanda, Sociable.

*yeA ameza, Mixed ; middle-aged, turning
gray ; nature, temperament, bodily habit ;
coitus.

y 8 y*»^ dmeza-mil, One beginning to turn
gray.

O^Vf-T ammdan, To mix, mingle ; to be
mixed.

dmezh, Mixing.
f >j* , '\ dmezha, Mixed ; gray, grizzled ; old ;
weighed, adjusted ; a poet.

amegk, Copulation ; truth ; mixture.
dmegka, Mixed ; mixture, union ;

coitus.

ls**^ dmeghl, True, real (opp. to meta-
phorical), sincere, unfeigned.

a J«-»\ amyal, More or most inclining,
leaning to one side ; one who has no sword ;
sitting badly on a saddle.

<sA~*> amila, The myrobalan.

a imvm (for imam). Leader, &c.

a dmin, So let it be ! amen ! (fuller
forms are, dmin yd mu'ln, So let it be, O
helper ! — dmin yd rabba 'Wdlamln, Amen, 0
Lord of the worlds ! — dmin bi-hurmati
saiyidi 'l-mursalin, Amen, for the sake of
the Prince of Apostles) ; — dmin kardan, To
say Amen, to conclude prayers.

a amin, Secure, safe, free ; faithful,
trusty ; a trustee j a commissioner, super-
intendent ; an arbitrator ; an officer em-
ployed by Government to collect the reve-
nues of a district (in India) ; — amini hisdb,
An auditor of accounts j — amini huzur, Lord
Chamberlain, Comptroller of the Presence
(m.c.) amini khalwat, The chief groom
of the privy chamber (m.c.) ; — amin dash-
tan (kardan), To trust one, to hold trust-
worthy ; — amini diwdn, Keceiver-general,
the superintendent of the Diwan ; — amini
lashkar, Paymaster-general of the Forces
(m.c).

n<A dmina, Wood split and bundled for

sale.

a ,jA*<^ amini, Office of amin ; trust,
guardianship, custody; security; commis-
sion, deputation ; secure, safe.

f etf an, <ji an, That; (met.) anything
that can be felt rather than defined, like
the Italian " un certo non s6 che," grace,
elegance, " sales et lepores " ; understand-
ing, intellect ; wine ; existence, form of
existence, individuality. (As pronoun, an
enters frequently into composition with
aouos or other pronouns, which compounds
will be found in their alphabetical order.)
— an (S. anu), Preposition prefixed to
verbs, as in (;>£*W^ ambdshtan, <fce.

a an, Time ; a short time ; an hour ;
moment, instant, second.

q\ an (in Zand and Pazand), A m> >ther.

a »U1 ana', An impediment, delay, post-
ponement ; seasonable moment; opportu-
nity ; — ind\ A vessel,

U) ( 103

A indbat (v.n. 4 of v/), Returning to j
God, to the true faith, conversion in reli-
gious matters ; penitence, repentance.

a s~*»W aruibib (p!. of umbubat), Joints
(of reeds or canes) ; spaces between the
joints.

a SU\ anai, Indolence, delay, procrastina-
tion ; an indolent languid woman.

<^yW andtunitan (in Zand andPazand),
To leave ; to place.

a *±>W inds (pi. of unsd'), Females ; — inds
% zuhur, Females and males.

a i*-\±\ inaiiat (v.n. 4 of tf), Mating a
camel to kneel down.

andr, A pomegranate ; fireworks ; —
andri tauqddr, A particular kind of pome-
granate ; — andri farhdd, A pomegranate
tree said to have sprung from the axe
with which Farhad killed himself on hear-
ing of Shirin's death, and whose fruits, if
opened, are found to be burnt and turned to
ashes inside ; — andri yd-ein, A pomegranate
which, eaten on the day of Nauroz by one
person, without others partaking of it, and
after repc-ating a number of times the
Surah Ya-Sin, is said to secure freedom
from illness through the whole year,

a indrat (v.n. 4 of _y}), Illuminating ;
Bhining bright, brilliancy ; blossoming ; —
(v.n. 4 of pi) Marking (cloth) with a bor-
der of different colours.

qU-jW andristan, A pomegranate garden.
andr-gird, The poppy.

\yc? andr-giwd, The poppy.

<j^» andr-mishJc, Name of a red
fruit resembling the pomegranate.
anarin, Bust.

t Jjk^ andf.uU, Anatolia, Asia Minor ; —
anatali'i usmdni, Asia Minor.

(jMkskW andtltue (G. am-nys), A stone
which is said to assist women in labour.

o ^liW anagkatus, A sort of stone.

(^U:^ indgfadlis, andghulus (G.

avayaWU), The herb pimpernel.

a *iU\ inafat (v.n. 4 of <-*/), Increasing,
augmenting, adding to ; exceeding, being
over and above ; projecting, overhanging.

t indq, Secure, safe, free from
anxiety.

(j&J^ analihi (corruption of G. aKa\v<f>^),
A nettle, or its seed.

a j»W andm, Mankind, mortals ; crea-
tures ; jinn ; demons.

a J>«^ anamil (pi. of anmilat), Fingers;
tips of the fingers.

y^T dndn (pi. of an), Those.

a undn (v.n. of <^), Groaning ; a
groan; one who groans much.

a <Js\ anndn, A great groaner, one who
groans.

a &U\ annanat, anndnak (fem. of the pre-
ceding), Groaning (woman).

a <Mu\ andnlyat (from W ana', I), Ego-
tism; self -worship, selfishness.

) s-Jl

Q >*^5^ andwdftiz, An anabaptist.
andhld, The pianet Yenus.
and'l, Stupid, foolish.
SrJ^ anab, The egg-plant.
A »Wrt ambd (pi. of naba), News, tidings ;
— imbd' (v.n. 4 of *V), Announcing, bring-
ing news or tidings.

a «u\*>\ imbdt (v.n. 4 of «->*>), Growing,
causing to grow.

yjit^M ambdRh-uKfA castle, a fortification.
ambdda, Vain-glorious ; purse-
proud.

ambdr, Full to the brim, replete ; a
pond, a reservoir ; filth, dung, manure ;
dilapidation, a falling to pieces of a house
or a wall ; fodder ; — ambdr dddan, To
manure; — imbdr (for in-bdr), This time,
now.

AjW^ ambdr (pi. of nibr), Ricks, stacks
of corn ; name of a city in Chaldea, and a
village in Balkh.

iiU. ambdr-Jckana, A magazine, a

store.

jlji) ambdr-ddr, The keeper of a maga-
zine.

tSJ^ }^ ambar~ddrl, Whatever is laid up
against a scarcity.

^jS^jVfi^ atribdrdagi, Repletion ; compe-
tence.

yJjW*^ ambdr dan (S. pri, with prep, anu),
To fill ; to cause to fill.

»<*jhi\ ambdrda, Filled, full, replete ;
affluent ; rich,

j5>)^ ambdrish, Stuffing, quilting.

tj^WM ambdr-kash, Manurer.

ambdrl, A howda for an elephant.

C^jW ambdridan, To fill ; to cause to
fill ; to pull down.

3WA ambaz, A companion, associate, part-
ner in trade ; — ambdz shudan, To participate
in anything.

O-^jW^ ambdzdnidan, To go partners.

isjjlfii ambdzada, Proud of wealth or
family.

cs!\jjL,Jl ambdzndk, A partner in trade.

tSjM ambdei, Partnership, joint com-
pany ; — ambdzi kardan, To go partners.

jy-iy^ \ ambdzidan, To become a partner
in any common fund of gain or labour ; to
increase.

^iSiljil ambdshtagi, Moderate compe-
tency.

y^Aljtf ambdshtan, To fill ; to supply ; to
sprinkle ; to macerate, dilute ; to lay in
ruins.

<*AfcWrt ambdshta, Filled; choked (well).
ambdgh, A concubine ; any woman
whom a man lives with beyond one wife.
ambdq, A (voluntary) cuckold,
a irJlctf ambdlus, ambalush, A

vine.

CjWtf ambdn, ambdna, Soft skins (of
goats) of the finest kind, such as they call
Spanish or Cordovan; a leathern bag,

( 104 )

cloak-bag, portmanteau ; a purse ; bellows ;
— ambdni bad, The stomach ; — ambdni Mizr,
A ewer ; — ambdni sulaimdn, A bag in Solo-
mon's possession, which produced any-
thing he wished for ; — ambdni ahindxoar, A
life-belt, a life-buoy.

t>Wrt ambdn-bdr, Fat, pursy ; idle, use-
less.

AjrWrt ambdncha, ambdnak, A small

purse or scrip.

a v*>U*>\ imbisds (v.n, 7 of <**»), Being
separated, spread about, scattered.

a ambaj, ambij, An Indian fruit ; a
preserve.

a imbijde (v.n. 7 of u~r.), Flow-

ing out by degrees, little by little.

a ^^rtil ambaj dnl, Belonging to, or
made at, Matnbij ; warm paste ; — sarldi
ambajdni, Hot bread crumbled down.

r>i\ ambur, Tweezers, pincers, forceps,

A (j-jjW^^ ambarbdris, Barberries.

6yti\ ambarud, A pear.

yyti\ ambaru, <a>yj&\ arnbarut, A pear.

lyti} ambura, ambara, A camel or other
animal that has shed his coat ; a cainel or
horse used for drawing water; a mountain-
paBS ; a tube, pipe ; — ambura, Tweezers,
pincers, forceps.

y\yti\ ambazdn, The last day of the
month.

ambas, ambash, A heap of

grain trodden or thrashed out, and sifted.

A U — imbisdt (v.n. 7 of 1=— j), Being
spread out ; gladness, joy, cheerfulness, re-
creation, delight, mirth, gaiety.

ambast, Coarse, thick ; bound, shut

up.

ambasta, Bound ; hard, stiff, diffi-
cult to be unloosed; clotted (milk or
blood).

g <4j;WA ambatarun, Samphire, empetron.

a imbi'ds (v.n. 7 of Being

roused up.

a »\JLfi\ imbigAd' (v.n. 7 of 0*0 > Being
sought after ; behoving.

u->i\ ambala (S. amlika), A tamarind.

(^**»^ ambiman (in Zand and PtLzand), A
grape.

H>yA ambub, A bed, cushion, or mat.

a &tjti\ ambuba, A reed used by weavers
to wind thread upon j a tube, syphon,
spout.

>ji>pl\ ambiit, A root ; — ambutu 'r-rd'i, A
sort of house-leek ;- — ambidi malikl, The
amarantli.

yOy-j^ ambudan, To gather; to throw
down ; to be seized with torpor ; to mis-
carry.

t)*Jj*rt ambuzan, Primary matter whence
any substance is formed (according to the
cosmogony of the Muhammadans) ; crea-
tion,

jlftrt ambur, Stuffing, filling j pincers,

forceps ; — ambur i dhangar, Blacksmith's
pincers.

y*j*^ ambus, Bread with seeds in it.

t)>\>~T^ ambimdan, To appear, to be
manifest ; to become benumbed ; to rot ; to
collect.

\s>j*i\ ambush, A root.

QfJ\ ambun, Broad, wide, ample, spa-
cious.

ambuh, ^\ ambuh, Large, copious,
ample ; full ; numerous ; a multitude, con-
course, mob; the falling of a house in
ruins ; name of a district ; — ambuh kardan,
To Bmell, snuff up ; to diffuse an odour ; to
press upon one another (as people in a
crowd) ; to pull down, demolish.

yity ambuh-rish, Thick-bearded.

islu*^ ambuhndJc, Wide, broad, copious.

o***^ ambuhi, Thickness, bushiness,
luxuriancy ; a multitude, a crowd ; tumult,
bustle ; — ambuhi numudan, To crowd,
throng.

ambuy, Imp. of ambu'idan, q.v. ; (in
comp.) spreading odour ; odour ; emitting
an odour, fetid ; ample, copious.

ambu'idan, ambo'idan, To smell
sweetly ; to scatter perfume.

amba, The mangoe ; — ambuh, A

crowd.

A »W\ ambiyd' (pi. of nabi'), Prophets.

jt*i\ amblr, A rose; repletion; religion,
law, institute ; clay, mud.

tj^i\ ambira, Chips, shavings, which,
when laid on the roof of a house, are in-
crusted with mud.

y-M*t ambie, A heap of winnowed grain.

fT m t 8^ ambista, «>\ ambiea, A thing
cold, chilly.

,3**^ aniblq (from G. rfyt/3t£), An alem-
bic.

ambila, A rhinoceros.

^sj>^\ ampdshtagi, Fulness ; repletion ;
competency.

arnpdshtan, To fill.

iUfcLrt arnpdshta, Filled.

yj\ impaah, The herb southernwood.

ks^A ant, Bravo! — ant, dnat (for \f ^
an tu-rd), That for thee.

a «iW^ intibdz (v.n, 8 of -M), Retiring
into a corner, to one side.

a sW^ intibdh (v.n. 8 of if*), Waking
from sleep.

a eW 5 *^ intijd? (v.n. 8 of yr), Entrusting
with a secret.

a v»^ J ^ intijdb (v.n. 8 of «-rV), Choosing,
selecting.

a gW-*^ intija' (v.n. 8 of g?), Seeking
provender, foraging ; visiting with a view
to gain.

a intihdl (v.n. 8 of J*0> Falsely

assuming, or attributing to oneself, the
sayings or doings of another; professing
to belong to this or that religious society.

A s^fciH intikkdb (v.n. 8 of Elect-

uuJl ( 105 ) u^i)

ing, choosing, selecting, picking out ; elec-
tion, choice ; extraction, extract.

a >>yT vUfesrt intikhdb-dlud, s^*-^
tikhdb-zada, Select, choice.

a ^Asfcstf intychabi. Selected, culled;
select.

A JU^l intiihal (v.n. 8 of J**), Separa-
ting, sifting, picking out the best.

Sr*' untruj, An orange.

a intiza' (v.n. 8 of £y), Tearing up,
removing forcibly ; being torn u p.

a intisdb (v.n. 8 of s— Being

related, to, or descended from ; connection,
relation ; descent, lineage ; (in comp.) re-
lated to, connected with, as gafar intieab,
Connected with victory, victorious.

A fcU~>1 intisdkh (v.n. 8 of s), Tran-
scribing, copying.

a JL~al intiedl (v.n. 8 of J— 3 ), Descent,
generation, propagation.

a intighar (v.n. 8 of .r")' Spread-

ing abroad, divulging, propagating; propa-
gation, circulation ; dispersion, confusion ;
priapism.

a s jl -»srt intisab (v.n. 8 of s— °)), Rising
up; hating, holding as an enemy.

a t^*^ intisah (v.n. 8 of cf")> Listening
to good advice.

AjUx^ intisdr (v.n. 8 of ;-«), Revenge;
viudictiveness ; self-preservation.

a >-t\*a\ intisdf (v.n. 8 of <JW), Being
halved ; avenging oneself ; covering herself
with a veil (a girl).

a t^ 4 ^ intizuh (v.n. 8 of j-a), Being
sprinkled.

A a )&*\ intigdr (v.n. S of jk>), j'nfa'-
*im, Expecting, looking out for, -waiting
anxiously ; expectancy ; — intizdr burdan
(ddthtan, kardan, kashidan), To anticipate,
expect, look forward to.

a )v\ j\!asrt intigdr-dmez, Mingled with
hope or expectation.

o yiSjUttH intigdr-ka»h, Expecting, looking
out for.

a pUwrt intigam (v.n. 8 of ,*k>), Being
arranged, strung in a iine ; arrangement,
regulation, disposition, order, method,
system ; plan, scheme ; administration,
government.

a inti'dsh (v.n. 8 of t£*0, Reco-

vering; regaining one's legs after stum-
bling ; recovery, convalescence ; — inti'dsh
karda/n, To en]oy, to \>e cheerful.

a -Usil intifd' (v.n. 8 of Being de-
stroyed, annihilated.

a t\4xrt intifdkh (v.n. 8 of £&), Swelling,
becoming inflated, blown up.

a j5>UxJ\ iniifdgh (v.n. 8 of u^), Stand-
ing on end (hair).

a yiWurt inti/dz (v.n. 8 of (jA4J), Being
shaken, beaten (a garment).

A #Asrt intifd' (v.n. 8 of £*»), Being use-
ful, profitable, beneficial, availing ; de-
riving advantage, being benefited ; utility,

profit, advantage ; — intifd' giriftan, To
derive profit, to gain advantage.

a ->Ui>! intiqdd (v.n. 8 of •>**), Receiving
ready money.

a u=Aa^ intiqdsh (v.n. 8 of <J^'), Taking
shape ; extracting (a thorn) ; striking the
ground with the foot to rid it of a thorn
or stone.

a yotfia! intiqds (v.n. 8 of u^')> Diminish-
ing ; being diminished.

a y^i^ intiqd? (v.n. 8 of u^), Being
demolished (a building), untwisted (a
rope), violated (a treaty, a covenant).

a JU^ intiqdl (v.n. 8 of J"), Being
transported, transplanted, translated ;
transporting, transmitting, transferring;
migration, transportation ; transfer, transit,
passage; deportation, extradition; circula-
tion ; death ; transmigration.

a intiqal-kunanda, One who

conveys, alienor.

a SAij-SiUii) intiqdl- glranda, Transferee,
alienee.

a iUUlUxM intiqal-ndma. Deed of transfer
or conveyance.

a intiqdli, Transfer of property;

property transferred ; — intiqdli rueiim,
Transfer fees.

a (»Usi\ intiqdm (v.n. 8 of Punishing,
chastising ; taking vengeance ; loathing, ab-
horring; reproving, rebuking; vengeance;- —
azizu 'l-intiqdm, (God) the supreme avenger ;
— intiqdm. kashidan (giriftan), To take ven-
geance.

a (^^l intikds (v.n. 8 of u~&), Being
turned upside down, capsized.

a <sJ-s>l intila'i eaudd^ Zedoaria.

a bU^M intimd' (v.n. 8 of ^), Being re-
lated to another ; relation, regard to, ten-
dency ; with regard to ; (in comp.) related
to, connected with, resembling, as ru'unat-
intimd', Resembling pride, stately or proud,
&c.

L tyatf antun, Anthony.
y^ysiJ antunitan (in Zand and Fazand),
To have.

a A^>!>\ intihd' (v.n. 8 of <^), Termina-
tion, end, extremity ; utmost point or
limit, summit ; utmost extent ; completion.

A v»U^ intihdb (v.n. 8 of s-V). Seizing,
making a prey of, spoiling; rapine, depre-
dation, spoil, booty.

a intihdr (v.n. 8 of rf), Shouting ;

digging a canal or watercourse.

aj 1 ^ intihdz (-v.n. 8 of yj), Watching
for, finding an opportunity ; — intihdz mimii-
dan, To seize an opportunity (m.c).

a intihds (v.n. 7 of u-9*), Seizing

with the front teeth.

a u&VJl intihdz (v.n. 7 of y^), The act
of rising, getting up.

a jJI^ intihdk (v.n. 8 of «sV), Viola-
tion (of honour, virtue, or respect).

( 106 )

6>'

A i^\Sfi\ inti'&sh (t.ti. 8 of \J>'^'), Loiter-
ing behind.

A fj>\tsi\ intiydsh (v.n. 8 of J*/), Taking,
receiving.

o yjQiJt antilis, The sea kidney vetch,
an thy 11 is.

a f&#\ insilam (v.n. 7 of Being
notched and broken.

a Jji*\ unsd, A female.

A ^W^l unsaydn, (dual) The testicles ;
the ears.

e*T tinaj, A medlar.

cwy, The cheek, the contour of the
face ; going out ; drawing forth ; about,
round about.

W-1 anja, There, in that place, thither ; —
at anja, hi, On account of, because.

A iaja' (v.n. 4 of Liberating,
saving ; salvation.

a cW^ injdh (v.n. 4 of Being pros-
perous, successful; giving success (God).
anjdr. Name of a country.

a )W-\ injdz (v.n. 4 of y=r), Fulfilling a
promise, consummating, accomplishing.

a u«WM anjde (pi. of naj», nijs, &c),
Impurities (anjasi ajndgi shaydtin, Dung
of all sorts of devils, i.e. infidels) ; — injdn
(v.n. 4 of i^-r), Soiling, staining, defiling,
rendering impure.

dnjdq (dialectal for anja), There.

&S W-T anja hi, In that place where ; so
that, by which.

y.VsisW^ anjalanldan. Caus. of the follow-
ing.

yjuJl^ \ anjalidan, To fill, saturate ; to
restrain impetuosity, to check audacity; to
fatigue ; to signify ; to admonish, to twist,
anjam, End, extremity, termination,
conclusion; an appendix, a supplement;
grief, anxiety, vexation, affliction, sorrow ;
(in comp.) finishing, accomplishing ; who
or what finishes or brings to an end ; —
anjdmi jdwid paiwand, Infinite time, eter-
nity ; — anjam, dddan, To make an end of,
to finish ; to carry out (m.c.) ; — anjam (jirif-
ian, To end, to terminate, to be completed
(m.c.) ; — anjam yap,, Is it all finished ? —
ba anjam ratdnldan, To bring to a termi-
nation, to accomplish (m.c.) ; — ta'zim-anjdm,
Most respectful; — sa'ddat-anjdm, Happy,
fortunate; — salami saldmat-anjdm, An
affectionate salutation; — mazmuni bald-
jfhat-anjdtn, A letter written in most ele-
gant stye ; — zaldm-anjdm. Dark, obscure.

y^W^'l anjaman, The end of anything.

t)*~*W^ anjdmidan, <yJ-tJW^ .anjanldan,
To come to an end, be finished ; to end,
ensue ; to finish, accomplish,

a anjabar, injabdr, A kind of plant

growing on the banks of the Euphrates,
which, with a preparation of sugar, &c,
they apply to stop hemorrhages and bleed-
ings of every kind.

a J-rr^ injibdr (v.n. 7 of ^»-), Being set
(a fractured limb) ; being repaired.

a t>«*9*t anjabm (for P. (;>**£^ angabiri),
Honey.

l>fr \ anjukh. Imp. of anjukMdan ; a
wrinkle, crease, furrow.

anjukht, Desire, concupiscence.

y.*3fc=r ^ anjukhian, To desire, to be or be-
come wrinkled (on the brow, belly, &c.) ;
to leap, bound.

yA 4 ae<r ! ^ anjukhldan, To become wrinkled.
anjuddn, At. form of P. t)toi$i\ q.v.

a injizdb (v.n. 7 of v>V), Being

drawn or attracted; attraction, enticement,
inclination, affection; running fast.

a (,\^\ injizdm (v.n. 7 of fj+) t Being am-
putated.

A j^fr^ injirdr (v.n. 7 of j-»-), Being
drawn out ; (in gram.) being marked with
the vowel hasr.

*s>j=r\ anjirak, Marjoram ; name of a
desert.

wjjrl anjarut, Flesh-glue.
&fr\ anjara, A nettle.
A cr*=^ amjas, Dirtier, nastier, most
squalid.

o L~^M anjisd, A species of herb, buglosa.

y.i,X~!s^ anjasMdan, To return ; 'to re-
tain, hold back.

frr \ anjiigh, A wrinkle, a furrow.

unjuk, usi&f^ anjuhah, J^t anjul,
talV-t anjulak, Marsh-mallows.

($±*&r\ anjakidan, = (jA-SL^^ q.v.

A anjum (pi. of najm), Stars ; —

anjum, afshurdan, To make firm ; — anjumi
rnz, The sun.

A jUs 1 ! injimdd, A congelation, a curd-
ling.

aly*. anjum-sipdk, With an army

(numerous) as the stars.

p=r\ anjum-soz (star-consuming), The

sun,

Sj&4, anjum-shukoh, Displaying the
pomps of the stars.

a i^i ( *zf'\ anjum-hada, Abounding in
stars (a garden with regard to its flowers).

<£*=r\ anjuman, A company, assembly,
banquet, congregation, synagogue, con-
gress, any place where people meet and
converse; a multitude; — anjuman shudan,
To be gathered, collected ; — anjumani
kah-hashdn, The milky way; — anjumani
gardun-paimdy, The seven planets ; — anju-
mani mar w mur, A multitude of serpents
and ants.

(f+=r\ anjuman afroz, Brightening or
enlightening the assembly.

^jL. anjuman say, A companion,

associate, favourite.

g+=r\ anjuman-iardz, An ornament
of the assembly.

aL C ii, !^ anjumon-gdh, A place of assem-
bling.

anjan, A pounding, pulverizing; a

cutting ; trouble, chagrin ; collyriuin, an-
timony.

A s->W^ injindb (v.n. 7 of s-Js-), Aver-
sion, disinclination.

(jWt anjanJdnn, To ba broken; to
divide ; to afflict, vex ; to be anxious ; to
be disgusted.

fr\ anju, An island ; name of an island.

Bj=f1 anjuj, The wood o£ aloes.

ifp\ anjftkh, Flaccid, withered, flat,
wrinkled, changed in colour; a wrinkle;
spittle.

<j&-fr} anjufchtan, To be wrinkled ; to
acquire.

^•V-yrl anjukhidagi. Corrugation,
a^j^ anjukhidan, To be full of
wrinkles.

anjusd, Bugloss.
£fr\ anju', Hiccup ; pustules on the lips
after a fever.

anjugfc, A wrinkle, fold, plait ;
spittle ; — anjugh giriftan, To contract
wrinkles.

yi-i^t anjughldan, To become wrinkled.

ij-^/r^ anjuftan, = o-*^=?^ q.v.

udfr\ anjitlc, Name of an unknown desert.

yo*^ anjidan, To crumble (bread) ; to
cup ; to extract ; to irrigate ; to irritate,
vex.

J-^'t anjida, Pounded, crumbled, cleft
asunder ; wild leek.

yt?r\ anjlr, A fig ; a hole; foramen
podicis ; name of a river; — anjiri ddo.m,
anjiri dashli, Adam's fig, a kind of Indian
fruit, resembling a gourd, round and red,
with a small white point in the middk ; —
anjiri wazlrl, A kind of fig, white and deli-
cate.

yJjer^ anjirdan, To bore a hole, drill,
perforate.

s^r^ anjira, Foramen ani; a fig; name
of a fountain near Yazd; travelling appa-
ratus.

a J*f^ anjil, Name of a river ; — injil,
anjil (from G. tiayye'Xtov), The gospel ; —
ahli injil, Christians, gospellers.

a injiU, An evangelist.

anjin, Pulverized ; a pulverizer; a
plasterer.

yUj»A^ dnchundn, Thus, so, in that or like
manner ; — dnchundn hi, So that, in the
same way, like as, even as.

u~sfc=^ ancha/cht, Cupidity ; expectation.
anchish (for tin chi o-rd), That
which for him.

4=^ anchi, That which; whatever,

anhd' (pi. of nahw), Ways, roads ;
kinds, sorts.

A s^-isM inhiddb (v.n. 7 of w^), Being
hunchbacked.

a kjtj^t inkirdf (v.n. 7 of <-J^ ), Turning
(from), shunning, avoiding ; changing ;
deflection, inversion, decimation (in astro-
nomy) ; swerving, defection, revolt, rebel-

(07 ) jJl

] lion ; apostasy ; recantation ; infraction,
violation ; defect, disease, distemper ; —
inkirdf wanidan, To swerve, to deviate ; to
sow rebellion.

j a jL>=--l i?ikis< r !r (v.n. 7 of _r*=-}, Being ! e-
sieged, confined, straitened; siege, blockade;
restraint, restriction.

A HWM inhifut (v.n. 7 of 1=~), Sinking,
descending; falling, being reduced (price
of provisions), lowered (character) ; de-

t scending, alighting ; walking fast ; decline,
decay.

a inkitdm (v.n. 7 of f^**), Being

broken.

U. Urr ^ anhaffind, A kind of pomegranate
flower.

a Ji=^ inhildl (v.n. 7 of J^), Being
loosed, untied, relaxed, loosened.

a anhan, Hunchbacked.

a »Lsv\ inhind' (v.n. 7 of y*-) Being bent
and curved.

a infchidtV (v.n. 7 of Being

deceived, cheated, duped.

a £*f^ inkhira' (v.n. 7 of Being
split open, or broken to pieces; being dis-
located (a joint).

a jV^'I inkhirdq (v.n. 7 of J/-), Being
torn.

a inkhiza' (v.n. 7 of gys-), Being

broken in two, cut off; bending from age
or weakness.

a J\)=^ inkhizdl (v.n. 7 of J/ 5 -), Proceed-
ing heavily and slowly.

A inkhisdf (v.n. 7 of »- * - * •),

Being eclipsed (the moon).

a inkhisdr (v.n. 7 of /^), Being

short.

A y^Ui^ inJchifdz (v.n. 7 of <j^), Being
depressed ; falling into a low place ; being
marked with the vowel kasr.

a inkkifdf (v.n. 7 of <-^), Light-

ness, levity.

a &>&\ inkhild' (v.n. 7 of ^s-), Being
up-rooted.

•x\ and, Some, any ; so much, so many,
as m.iny as ; number between three and
ten; a period of 500 ages or 15,000 years;
liquorice; a doubtful or equivocal speech ;
expression of thanks, admiration, surprise ;
hope, desire ; they are (3rd pers. pi. of the
auxiliary verb biidan).

aridd. Plastering the roof of a house ;
a plasterer ; calumny ; a visionary dream
such as pious persons are occasionally
favoured with.

anddba, A plasterer's trowel.

a^jrt anddcha (in Zand and Pazand),
Consideration, thought.

t )ja.^Ji\ wnddkhtan (imp. anddz), To
throw, cast, dart, shoot, lance, hurl ; to
shake, drive about; to eject, to inject; to
force away ; to rush ; to disperse, scatter,
strew, diffuse ; to do, make.

S\js\ anddd, The herb nose-smart (piaster.

oJl ( 108 ) jJl

A <^M\ anddd (pi. of nidd), Like, similar ;
equals.

a\ andddan, To incrust ; to desire.
j\js\ andar, A narrative, story, tale, fic-
tion.

y-jWl anddris, Name of the person
whose messenger to 'Azra had bis eyes
torn out by her.

andaz, Imp. of anddkhtan : the in-
crustation of a wall, plaster, parget ; au
instrument, a trowel with which they
plaster walls; a measure, a certain quan-
tity ; valuation, gue3S ; purpose, intention ;
(in comp.) throwing, darting, scattering,
seeking, measuring.

andaza, Throwing.
anddza, An ell, a yard; measure,
quantity, dimension ; proportion, symme-
try ; a specimen, copy ; strength ; a belt,
leathern strap, shoe-latchet ; worthy ; — an-
daza kardan (bastan, dddan, giriftan, nigdh-
ddshtan), To measure, to guess ; to esti-
mate, calculate ; — bar digar andaza kardan,
To change, to alter.

pS anddm-gir, Measure-taking ; an
appraiser.

anddzi, A shot ; shooting, darting.
qj^aM anddzidan, To throw; to mea-
sure ; to make.

andas, Measure; guess, computa-
tion.

andashgar, A plasterer.

f>\ss\ anddm, The body ; a member, a
litnb; stature, figure, form (of the body) ;
exact proportion, justness, symmetry ;
order, arrangement; ornament; beauty;
good breeding ; rule, custom ; a court,
area ; — anddmi pesh, anddmi sharm, Puden-
dum ; — anddmi ddnd, The fore-finger; —
anddm zadan, anddm anddm kardan, To
dismember, to cut up (the former also to
recall past griefs) ; — anddrni nihdnl, The
privy member; — jdriyati eim-andam, A
virgin of Bilver limbs.

a ,»1oJl inddm (v.n. 4 of (••**), Making re-
pent.

anddma, A recollection, remem-
brance (of friends or past events) ; a his-
torical narrative.

anddn, Term, mode, manner ; an ell.
anddv, Garden-herbs, cresses ; (also
dnddv) cement.

xj> } \ J>i\ andawish, The incr ustation of a wall .
ij\t)i\ anddwa, A trowel; calumny; com-
plaint.

yj^.xrt anddwidan, To plaster ; incrusta-
tion.

ijjj^l andawlda, Plastered, bedaubed.
anddy, Plastering; a plasterer; ce-
ment, plaster; complaint,

ui<W\ anddyish, Plastering ; cement,
plaster.

j£a>\j^ andayiehgar, A plasterer, a par-
geter.

anddy a, A trowel; slander, detrac-
tion.

y-isJUrt andd'idan, To incrust ; to covet.

a indibdgk (v.n. 7 of Being

tanned (a hide).

yW-ul andajdn, Name of a city in Turk-
istan.

(j-iAJt andakhe, y~&->i\ andakkaew, A pro-
tector ; protection, place of refuge, asy-
lum.

^j—*-*^ andakhas-wdra, A citadel ; an
a3ylutn ; a protector.

£jj*"~i.jLj\ andakhsidan, To protect ; to
take refuge.

<>^-^>l andakhsh, An asylum ; protec-
tion,

andakhwdrah, A sanctuary ; a
citadel, a fortress.

jytoit andakfiwur, andak&war, Worthy,
suitable, proper.

jJJl andar, lu, into, within; added to the
words pidar, mddar, birddar, aud kh.wdhar,
it implies step-father, step-mother, half-
brother, and half-sister,

a jJJl andar, More or moat rare ; a barn
or other place where grain is thrashed
or trodden out; name of a village near
Aleppo.

h-"\)>^ andar-db (in the water) , An islet ;
name of a city on the confines of Khura-
san towards India, near Ghazuin ; name of
another city in Gilan, on the south-west
side of the Caspian Sea.

a slj-i*! indirdj (v.n. 7 of 6j J ). Being
rolled or folded together ; being inserted ;
insertion ; entry ; extinction of a family.

a (j-VjJj^ indirde (v.u. 7 of yj- 5 ). Being
obliterated, erased.

andardn, A species of gum ; (for
andar an) in or within that ; meanwhile.

(ihsi\)J>^ indardyin, The fruit of the colo-
cynth.

<JvjjS\ andar -bay. Necessity ; necessary ;
suspended, inverted.

uz~~i\tjji) andar-bdyist, Requisite, neces-
sary.

t nX^tjj}] andar-beg, (Admitted) amongst
the great; also amongst the higher order
of demons.

andar-jdh, An interior place ; a
supplemental dav (of which five are added
to the Persian year, to make their twelve
months, of thirty days each, equal to a
solar year).

indirjav, Sparrow's tongue (a plant).

jfi. andar-khyar , ^\ andar-

kkward, ^f- ^ andar-kkpard, Worthy,
proper, deserving; convenient.

yjjjt andar-khv-'ardan, To deserve, to
merit ; to be proper, convenient, agreeable,
suitable, well adapted.

jjyA. jjjl andar-kJtparand, Worthy,
proper.

^a»t andart, A testament, last wilt, pre-

OJt (

cept, admonition, couusel, advice ; relation,
narrative ; a book, a writing.

\) j**! andar-zd (bred within), A stone
found in the gall-bladder of an ox.

6ja sjjS" andarz karda shuda, En-
joined by a will ; an administrator, execu-
tor.

andarz kunanda, A testator.

yxs-tj ^\ an d ar kaghidan, To lead an
army ; to march ; to arrive.

oji*\f jji) andar-gdhdn, Intermediate
times; five intercalary days added to the
Persian year (see &V

andar nawisMan, To obliterate.

jj-tfl andaru, Together, all at once ; with
himself, it is his.

andarwd, andarwdzh, i\)j-*>\

andarwah, ^jy**^ andarwiiy. Inverted, head-
downwards; suspended; astonished, bewil-
dered ; deBire, need.

ij^))^ andarwai. Astonishment, stupor ;
a hanging down of the head; desire, wish,

Vj;^ andurob, Eingworm ; dry scab,

Qfif'i)^ andariikhurun, Tares, darnel.

tij**})^ aridarukhun, The wood of the
prickly shrub yU^s-jA^j q.v.

■}))<*>\ andarud, Incrustation ; decoration.
ctndarward, Breeches.

)))-^ andarua, An examiner, explorer,
Bpy ; mortar, plaster ; a court-house ; a
market-place.

u*))^ andariie. Name of the lover of
Mru, q.v., according to the P. version of
the tale of Hero and Leander.

a u^U>^j<\ andarusdricn, Honeysuckle.

a u^iUj^jil andarusilqas, The herb navel-
wort.

a andaruttiqas, The herb navel-

wort.

lpaU^jjJ andarumdchus (G. 'AvSpo'^to^os),
Andromachus.

andarun, Within ; the inside ; the
heart, bowels ; intrinsic, interior, internal ;
— andaruni maajid, Within the temple ; —
dar andarun raftan, To go in, to enter.

Ujy^ andarun-andar, A strap, a
thong for measuring.

andaruna, = 1- y - > a sheet ;

a shirt ; a doublet.
<J))^ andaruni, Internal ; fine linen,
ki— ^j^l andarhast. Wild saffron, dog's-
bane.

t )U J jj\ andarln (for yi\ In this ; —

andarin mustarah, In this world.

yUijAJ^ andarimdn, Name of a Turanian
hero.

yii\ andaz, Proposal, intention ; conjec-
ture, opinion ; name of a herb, Useful in
curing diseases of horses ; a celebrated
man ; — andiz, A bridle, strap, or leathern
thong for measuring.

a y-Ujil indisds (v.n. 7 of <_r^), Being
hid in the ground, buried.

jU*JJ\ andishmdr, A lecture, a discourse.

109 ) oil

jUfcji^ andishmal, A lecture ; a clear
voice.

a indifd' (v.n. 7 of Being re-

pelled, warded off, prohibited ; repulsion ;
running fust (horse); being carried away
by one's speech.

a j»UAi\ indifdq (v.n. 7 of jjiJ), Being
poured forth (water).

a jUj>\ indiqdq (v.n. 7 of jj), Being
pounded.

y>^ioit anduququ, ~ jiyiaail q.v.

^>>ii\ andah, Little, few, email ; — andak
andak. By little and little, by small degrees,
a trifle at a time; — ba-andak zamdn, In a
short time, soon.

jjs. usJ.iM andak-khirad, Of little under-
standing.

JL. ctloj\ andak-sal, Of tender years,

young.

jUa *s!.xj\ andak- shumdr, Small in number.

JU &>M\ andak-mdl, Poor, indigent.

(jfort aTidakl, A little ; littleness ; a small
number ; scarcity ; (adverbially) in a short
time.

ykj.irt andagdn. Name of a country and
city lying between Samarkand and China.

a yeSj^ indilds (v.n. 7 of y*J j), Slipping
through the hands and falling to the
ground.

A andalus, Spain, so called by the

Arabians, from Andalusia, the province
which was first conquered iu the year of
the Hijra 92 (a.d. 710) by Tarik Bin Ziyad,
under the reign of Al Walid, the thir-
teenth successor to Muhammad. 1

(•■u'l dn-dam, Then, at that breath, iat
that moment.

a JUa^ indimdl (v.n. 7 of J"«>), Being
healed and cicatrized (a wound), cicatriza-
tion ; recovery ; improvement.

andama, Kemembrauce of past

grief.

)^\ andav, Plaster ; a pitcher ; — andu,
Within.

w^nt andob, andoj, Eingworm,

scab.

i^r*-)^ andokhtan, To acquire, collect;
to pay a debt.

s^ } m\ andokhta, Acquired, gained ; pro-
fit ; a treasury ; — andokhtahd, Gains.

(j^j^ andokhish, Gain, profit, emolu-
ment.

andud, Plaster, mortar, incrustation ; -
(in comp.) incrusted with, as zar-andud,
washed with gold, gilt, &c.

(jjj.ut andiidan, To incrustate, plaster,
cover over, anoint, smear; to gild, plate,
wash over; to twist.

■iijjjjt andwadand, = ■ti i ±>\ q.v.

s^jiit anduda, Anointed ; incrusted, &c.
andoz, (in comp.) Gaining, acquir-
ing ; seizing, occupying ; collecting, gather-
ing ; collected, gathered, as zulmat-andoz,
Gathering darkness, &e.

JJl (

"•"J^ andozanda, Acquiring ; a gainer.

6 ))^ andoza, A violet ; endive.

andozidan, To gain, acquire, col-
lect ; to repay a debt; to remove, to send
away.

tjy'K andozhah, aAjJ*>\ andosha, A violet ;
endive.

<d } &\ andtik, Anxiety, grief, trouble,
care.

Jy^ andrd, A carpet nailed upon four
posts and serving as throne to the kings of
Zanguebar.

andiin, There ; then ; thus (see or^)-
andun (contraction of andudan),
Plaster, cement ; ointment.

andwand, Upside down, scattered.
Sj- 1 ^ an-duh, Anxiety, grief, care, an-
guish, aversion, disgust ; — anduh khwurdan,
To be anxious and careful ; to grieve.

andithyin, j\~S anduh-gusdr,
Who or what relieves sorrow, removes
grief.

anduhgin, anduhndk, Me-

lancholy.

^liiiArt anduhndki, G-rief, sadness.

andilha, A recollection of past sor-
rows.

yj^irt anduhidan, To mourn, grieve,
fret.

anduh, Grief, sadness ; care, anxiety.

a J*\&m\ indihdsh (v.n. 7 of tj-b-i), Being
astonied, astounded, amazed.

anduhdn (pi. of anduh), Cares.

jiji sjj^ andaququ, The lote tree.

jLtS anduh-gtisar, Who allays an-
other's grief.

andi, Especially, particularly, chiefly ;
perhaps, may be ; also ; surprise ; hope ;
days of yore.

O'V'^ andidan. To wonder, be surprised
or disturbed in mind; to speak obscurely,
ambiguously, doubtfully, softly ; to inerus-
tate (this meaning doubtful) ; to be lazy.
■>*\ andisi, A mode of writing.

lt* 0 ^ andesh, (in comp.) Thinking, me-
ditating, devising, considering, reflecting,
as khair-andeeh, Meditating on what is
good, thinking well, well-wisher, &c.

(jVW'Hl andeshdnidan, To cause to
think.

, v ,='».ftoAt\ andeshmand, jJUAiJ»\ andeshndk,
Thoughtful.

*A>.J*\ andesha, Consideration, thought,
meditation; jealousy; suspicion; fear; re-
verie; care, anxiety; — andesha kardan,1o
fear.

g*-. &Ju,j±\ andesha-sanj. Weighing
thoughts ; pondering over sorrow.

andesha-mand, Thoughtful.

JS&Ji>js\ andesha-gdr, Thoughtful.

^JS iiKjjl andesha-gdri, Thoughtfulness.

<jHi andesha-ndk, Thoughtful.

i J*e&iii\ andeshidagi, Thoughtfulness,
care.

10 )

andeshidan. To consider, medi-
tate ; — bar andeshidan, The same.

andik, And therefore, therefore,
because ; would to heaven ; perhaps, may
be ; a crowd.

andind, A water-melon.

a inzdr (v.n. 4 of ;•*>), Warning, de-
terring, putting in fear ; fearing ; sending
a message of dehortatiou ; adtnonitioo,
caution.

))W anzarii, The bezoar-stone.

)\ anar, Ugly, hideous ; bad.

y^f dnra, Him ; to him ; that ; to that.

SjUl inrdra, Plaster falling from a wall.

jyM dn-ru, The opposite side ; — dn-ru'i db,
Across the sea ; (met.) in the other world.

vj/^ anrub, Ringworm, scab ; the mange.

}\ anaz (=y\), Ugly, hideous, bad ; — am
( = S)>1), A lentil.

a *J>S^\ inzdf (v.n. 4 of Exhausting
(a well, tears, &c.) ; coming or bringing to
an end (grief) ; being intoxicated ; intoxi-
cating.

a Jty^ anzdl (pi. of nuzl), Provisions
prepared for a guest ; — inzdl (v.n. 4 of Jy ),
Causing to descend, sending down; emit-
ting ; seminal effusion ; — inzdl dddan (za-
dan, kardan), To send down, <fec.

AjW-yl inzijdr (v.n. 7 of^-j), Being re-
pulsed, prohibited, reproved.

anzarii, The bezoar-stone.

uy J;! ji\ anzarut, Sarcocolla, flesh-glue.

a %A anza', Bald about the temples.

Jyi anzali, Enzeli, town on the Caspian.
dn-staman, That time ; then, at that

time.

(jjji^ anz'm. Breadth.

a inziwd' (v.n. 7 of Retiring
into a corner or cell (a recluse); retirement,
seclusion, a solitary life ; — inssiwd giriftan,
To retire into seclusion, &c.

^j.«y^ anzub=^}f \ q.v.
anzha, A lentil.

a y-rt anas, More or most familiar ; —
anis, Social, cheerful ; — ins, Mankind ; —
uns, Being intimate ; sociableness ; fami-
liarity, friendliness, friendship, love, affec-
tion ; society, companionship ; cheerfulness ;
— uns giriftan, To associate.

a •>{~i\ insa (v.n. 4 of LS ~i), Making
one to forget.

a v*^— ^ ansdb (pi. of nasab), Genealo-
gies ; generations; families; lines.

a yL- i\ insdn, Man, mankind ; human
being, mortal.

a ^»^— ^ insdni, Human.

a iwiamyat, Human nature, hu-

manity ; courtesy, civility, urbanity, polite-
ness.

a s — ansab, More or most convenient,
agreeable, befitting, conformable, advisable,
proper.

<e )K ~i\ inspruk, Innsbruck (ra.c).

a anasat, unsat (v.n. of <j-i\),

( 111 )

k3l

Being intimate, social, and cheerful ; inti
macy.

anietdn, The

things.

iS-i— i\ dnasta, dntfa, <^
the herb su'd (galangal)

a Jl?! — >\ insijal (v.n.
poured out (as water).

place of existing
~>1 anieta, Root of

7 of J*~), Being
a ^^-Jl insijam (v.n. 7 of f*~), Flow-

7 of

side,

part,
the

ing (tears, water, &c).

a v>^*~-^ insihdb (v.n.
Being trailed along.

a jW-Jt insihaq (v.n. 7 of ija— ), Being
ground, pulverized.

a insiddd (v.n. 7 of >*-), Becoming

closed, stopped up ; prevention, hindrance,
preventive measure ; bar, obstacle.

a feSw-il insildkh (v.n. 7 of Being
drawn forth ; disappearing (moon).

a dlL-i^ insildk (v.n. 7 of utU—), Being
inserted, or threaded.

a JSuJ^ inrilal (v.n. 7 of J-), Falling or
dropping out from the midst (as a sword
from the sheath).

f-i] an-su, un-suy. That

thither, from the other side, through.

a Jjx-A ansa, Afflicted with sciatica.

a 0 — i\ inst, A man ; the interior
the inside (of a bow or of the foot)
left or near side (the off side being called
wahshi) .

a jW—rt insiydq (v.n. 7 of Being
stimulated, impelled, driven, urged for-
ward, running.

a oUjl inshd' (v.n. 4 of *^*), Creating,
producing, composing ; writing, composi-
tion ; style, elegance of style, especially in
letter- writing ; the belles lettres ; — inshd
Cardan, To create, produce, compose, &c.

a LS^°_jt inshd-parddzi, Elegance of
style.

sy. \S\£i\ anshdsa, A certain black grain,
currant (=^jy q.v.).

a inshdd (v.n. 4 of Quoting

or reciting' poetry ; giving information
concerning a thing lost ; — inshdd Jcardan,
To quote, &c.

A (v.n. 4 of y^), Raising (any-

thing) from its place ; collecting and car-
rying bones (which had been taken away)
to their proper repository, and piling them
one upon another.

a Al!Ui\ in sha 'lldh, If God wills, please
God, Deo volente ; — in shd 'lldh la'dld, If
God the Most High wills (more emphatic
than the preceding).

a cV* 1 ^ inshirdh (v.n. 7 of c/ 1 ), Being
opened, expanded (the heart) ; being cheer-
ful, breathing freely.

a jUa^ inshiqdq (v.n. 7 of i3*>), Being
divided, split, cleft, or broken up.

a Aaj gAH anshiniya, Commemoration fes-
tivals.

a ansab (pi. of nasb). Idols ; pains,
griefs, achings.

a «i>Urt insdt (v.n. 4 of Keeping
silence.

A ^\ ansdr (pi. of ndsir), Assistants,
friends, helpers, auxiliaries, applied parti-
cularly to the citizens of Madina, who as-
sisted Muhammad when obliged to fly
from Mecca.

a tsj^ ansdri, Belonging to those friends
of Muhammad who are called ansdr ; a
tribe of Muhammadan shaikhs, supposed
to have come originally from Mecca.

a «JU»\ insdf (pi. of wis/), Halves ; (pi.
of nasaf) middle-aged (men or women) ;
— insdf (v.n. 4 of <-*•«>), Dividing, taking
half ; acting justly ; justice, equity ; im-
partiality, fairness, equitable adjustment ;
decision ; — insdf dddan (Jcardan), To exer-
cise justice, &c. — insdf sitdndan, To avenge;
— bd-insdf, With justice; just; justly; —
be-insdf, Unjust.

a "UUrt insdfan, Quite right ! all right !
(m.c).

a v*W«l insihdb (v.n. 7 of v-- 0 ), Being
outpoured ; being shed, spilled.

a gl^oil insidd' (v.n. 7 of t^)> Being
split asunder, disjoined.

A ti^-sS^ insirdf (v.n. 8 of <-ij°), Retiring,
going off, returning ; departure.

A f^j""^ insirdm (v.n. 7 of p/"), Being
broken off, cut off, terminated ; ending,
completion, conclusion ; performance ; ad-
ministration, management.

a t~Js-d\ ansaf, More or most just and
equitable.

a 1»W-4>1 inzibdt (v.n. 7 of W*), Being
bound, determined or regulated; main-
taining order ; regulation, restraint ; self-
control ; — inzihdti auqdt, Time-table; rou-
tine.

a fU-irt inzimdm (v.n. 7 of ,**), Being
drawn together ; adjoining ; close contact,
conjunction.

a intdq (v.n. 4 of <3!«), Bestowing

the faculty of speech ; enabling to speak.

a 4->£Ua^ antdkiya, Antioch.

a gWW inttbd' (v.n. 7 of Being
stamped, impressed, printed; impression;
typography (m.c),

dn-taraf-tar, Farther on or in

(m.c).

a »Wort inti fa' (v.n. 7 of ^J^), Being ex-
tinguished, quenched; going out (a fire).

a j&W intildq (v.n. 7 of <J&>) , Departing,
going away.

tjjs^ antalyun (Gr. ap-njAio?), The rain-
bow.

a tj«UU\ intimds (v.n. 7 of <j~+k), Being
obliterated, effaced.

a o\jM intiwd' (v.n. 7 of <j^»), Being
folded together, coiled up.

a \~iX>\ antuniyd, A kind of succory.

a anzdr (pi. of nazar), Looks,

^ (

glances; eyes; — inzdr (v.n. 4 of
Giving time, respiting.

a |»\*>1 an' dm (pi. of na'am), Cattle,
especially camels; — in' am (v.n. 4 of f»*»J,
Bestowing abundance, conferring a favour;
benefaction, favour ; donative, largess,
gratuity, gift, present; 2-eward, prize;
grant of rent-free land ; — in' ami ikrdm, An
honourable or distinguishing gift;— in'dm
farmudan, To bestow a favour.

a uyUUi) in'dmdt (pi. of in'dm), Pre-
sents ; favours.

a^j p\Mi\ in'dm-ddr, A holder of &n in'dm,
one enjoying rent-free land ; a beneficiary,

a fAA*i\ in'iddm (v.n. 7 of p"" 1 ), Anni-
hilation.

a in'isdr (v.n. 7 of Being

squeezed, expressed.

A in'itdf (v.n. 7 of i-akc), Being

bent, turned, folded.

a _)to*s! in'ifdr (v.n. 7 of y^), Being
rolled in, soiled with dust.

a in'ikas (v.n. 7 of Being

reversed or inverted ; inversion ; reflection,
repercussion, reverberation,

A ij-Ua^ in gh imds (v.n. 7 of i^-**),
Being plunged into water.

a <*-&\ anf, A nose, a ness ; the beginning
of anything; the strongest or most vehement
of anything; a leader, lord, prince ; (v.n.)
reaching as high as the nose ; aching of the
nose ; — anaf, Disdain, reproach ; — unuf,
Not grazed upon (pasture) ; (a cup) out of
which nobody has drunk; anything new or
fresh.

A j\ti\ infdz (v.n. 4 of ii>), Being cur-
rent; making current, sending ; causing to
pass or penetrate (as a sword, &c.) ; trans-
mitting ; issuing an order.

a an far (pi. of nafar), Individuals,
persons ; soldierB ; servants.

A infdz (v.n. 4 of jA>), Turning (an
arrow upon the nail, to try its goodness).

a anfdii (pi. of nafas), Breathings,

respirations, spirits ; breaths, voices,
words (anfdsi mushk-bdr, Sweet or musky
words); — in/as (v.n. 4 of tr* 4 *), Rendering
wishful, desirous ; being choice and pre-
cious (nafis).

a J*\*>\ infdsh (v.n. 4 of ij^i), Allowing
to pasture at night without a herdsman
(cattle or horses) .

infdq, Oil of olives ;—unfnq, The
juice of unripe grapes.

a 3^ infdq (v.n. 4 of ^), Expending,
disbursing ; spending (one's substance),
waxirig poor; being brisk (market).

a anfdl (pi. of nafal), Plunder,

spoils (especially those taken from unbe-
lievers in the Muhammadan religion).

u^b>\ anf at, anaf at, Loss, damage.

a jV^Ai^ infitdq (v.n. 7 of Being
split, burst in sunder ; bursting.

12 ) j>l

gAil anfaj, Gained ; gain, acquisition
(=e*A« q. y .).

a infijar (v.n. 7 of y**), Bursting

out and flowing freely.

a 4*^>\ infahat, infahhat, infihhat, A kind
of substance of a yellow colour which ia
taken from the istomachs of sucking lambs
or kids, and preserved in cotton for curd-
ling \milk ; rennet ; — infahat, A certain
tree.

ui-afc*^ anfakht, 1 anfakhd, Gain ; capi-
tal, stock.

^at*»^ anfakhtan, To gain, to acquire.

<sj4>1 anfada, Idle talker, babbler ;
flighty.

jl/rt infirdq (v.n. 7 of jjl), Being sepa-
rated, divided.

a anfas, More or most precious ; —

anfus (pi. of nafs), Minds, spirits, souls;
persons.

a c 1 — *>' infigdh (v.n. 7 of c~i), Being
spacious and roomy ; being joyful j joy.

ii™4>\ anfast, A spider's web.

a JUiAil infisdl (v.n. 7 of J-*), Being
separated; separation, division; adjust-
ment, settlement, decision (of a case).

A infisdm (v.n. 7 of Being

broken without a separation of the parts.

aji^ (.La^ injisdm-pazir, Broken, inter-
rupted.

a yolaAJl infizdz (v.n. 7 of <^i), Being
broken ; being separated, scattered, dis-
persed (flocks).

a ;U=Art infitdr (v.n. 7 of Being split,
cleft, riven.

a j*A>l anfa', More or most convenient,
profitable, available, or serviceable.

a J^i>\ infi'dl (v.n. 7 of J«i), Shame,
ignominy ; modesty ; confusion ; — infi'dl
burdan (Jchwurdan, ddshtan, kaehidan), To
blush, to be ashamed ; — infi'dl dddan, To
put to shame.

anfaghda, Liquid gold or silver.

s^54Jl anfaqda, Liquid gold or silver.

c»**rt anfaqiini rdmi, A species of
inodorous rose.

a «s)^a>\ infikdk (v.n. 7 of Being put
out of joint ; dislocation ; being set free ;
release ; redemption (of a pledge, &c).

a infildq (v.n. 7 of ijli), Being split,
shivered.

g^art anf anf, Glue.

anfaj (probably misspelling for
eyiii), A wrinkle ; — unfuj, A badger.

a M»l anfiya, Snuff (m.c),

a anfiya-ddn, Snuff-box.

(3>T inaq (for >iUJ q.v.), Behold! lo !
there !

a anaq (v.n.), Being joyful and glad ;
joy, cheerfulness.

a inqdz (v.n. 4 of -va), Setting at
liberty.

a (j-^ an^a* (pi- of niqs), Writing inks.
a j'rtjdz (v.n. 4 of ydai Making a

( 113 )

noise in chewing (birds, camels, <fec.) j
pressing heavily on the back (load).

A £Ut inqd' (v.n. 4 of £&), Macerating
or dissolving (a medicine in water) and
applying it ; steeping, soaking ; raising
dust; following the voice of one who
shouts; stagnating (water).

u tl&\ inqibdz (v.n. 7 of Being
seized, grasped, clutched ; detention, re-
tention ; contraction ; constipation.

a (•Ueirt inqikdm (v.n. 7 of ,•**), Being
forced into.

A Jart anqad, A hedgehog.

a jJ&i dn-qadar, ^jJB^ dn-qadarhd, So
many, so much.

A u*y^ inqirdz (v.n. 7 of <J>f), Be-
coming extinct, disappearing without
leaving a vestige; extinction of a family
or dynasty.

wnqardiyd (G. dvaxap&ov), A kind
of Indian fruit, Anacardium or Malacca
bean (=^i> q.v.).

A f>\~3>\ inqigam (v.n. 7 of f-*), Being
divided into parts ; division, partition, dis-
tribution.

a <j>a\ anqas, More or most deficient.

A |»Uai\ in'qisdm (v.n. 7 of (♦■«»), Being
broken, so that the parts become separated.

A «Ua\ inqizd' (v.n. 7 of i.^), Being
terminated, elapsed ; expiration of a term,
expiry, lapse (of a period of time) ; con-

A yi-Uai^ inqizdz (v.n. 7 of l^*)> Pouncing
on its prey (a hawk) ; charging the enemy
(a troop of horsemen) ; being ready to
tumble (a wall) ; falling (a star) .

a £\U>\ inqitd' (v.n. 7 of £k»), Being
broken, cut off, detached ; separation, dis-
junction ; amputation ; failure ; extinction,
cessation, discontinuance ; adjustment.

o q£&o>\ inqitriyun, Amber.

a inqildb (v.n. 7 of -r^), Being

turned; revolution, vicissitude, change,
turn, inversion ; transposition ; subversion ;
— inqildb uftddan (giriftan), To be turned ;
to change ; to be transposed ; — inqilabi
zaman, The vicissitudes of time.

a inqild' (v.n. 7 of £**), Being

pulled up, torn out.

anqala, A. kind of China ginger ;
also an African plant which is an aatidote
against poisons ; name of a city in Nubia.

q IjlaM inqiliyd, Melilot, bugloss.

a inqimd' (v.n. 7 of £**), Being

humbled, brought into subjection ; being
contemptible.

B»srt anguj, A wrinkle (from anger or old
age).

q anqHn, A fetid rose whose root

has a caustic quality, bastard pellitory,
pyrcthrum.

a ^VtSil inqiydd (v.n. 7 of ^y>), Being
tame ; submitting ; submission, obedience,
subjection ; compliance, docility, fidelity.

>a\i} dnak (dim. of fin), Behold ! lo ! there!
(— <sl»^ dbila) a pimple; — dnk (in scanning
pronounced dnhi, and standing for dn-ki),
He who ; that which ; — unik (also «sM
anik), A bee ; hiccup (doubtful word).

a viii} dnuk, Lead ; tin.

a inlcdr (v.n. 4 of )&), Denying,
disbelieving, ignoring ; denial, negation ;
disavowal, disclaimer; refusal, disallow-
ance ; contradiction, objection, rejection.

a (jj^rt inkdrl, Negative.

a <j»U>\ inkds (v.n. 4 of <j-&), Turning
upside down, inverting,

a JVi>\ ankdl (pi. of nihl), Fetters,
chains.

dn-kujd (poet, for dn-ki, dn-cM),
He who, that which.

a ankar, More or most offensive,
displeasing ; odious, detestable.

tin-kas, He, that person ; he who.

a inkisdr (v.n. 7 of 7—^), Being

broken; humility, abjectedness, spiritless-
ness, despondency ; — inkisdr-pazlr shud-an,
To be broken, defeated.

a inkisdri = inkisdr.

A ^llwXi^ inkisdf (v.n. 7 of Being
eclipsed; an eclipse.

a i-»UJi\ inkishaf (v.n. 7 of <-4£*), Being
uncovered, disclosed ; disclosure, exposure,
detection ; — inkishdfi 'uyub, Detection of
vices.

a iji>U£! inMmdsh (v.n. 7 of u 4 -*^),

Making haste; haste, speed, despatch.

AjjA dn-kim shunid, Poetical con-

struction for fUA-jA <sX»Ti dn-kih sfiunidam.

C)^£>t ankon, Ancona (m.c).

an ki, He who ; that which.

a f_r-e&\ inkie, A certain figure in geo-
mancy.

ankishta, Greatness, majesty ;
reverence ; a husbandman.

jj <>-i_&l anktsha-rav, Gently moving.

ang, An aqueduct, earthen water-
pipe ; name of a country in Hindustan (S.
anga).

J&\ anqdr, A painter ; an opinion, ima-
gination, fancy, conception ; an incomplete
business; (in conip.) imagining, portray-
ing, painting.

angdrdan, = q.v.

angdrda, A fable, story, narra-
tive.

^jU^ angdrish, A story, tale, narrative ;
a revenue-book.

ijSi\ angdra, A revenue- book, cash-
account ; a narrative of facts or accidents,
story ; a journal ; incomplete ; a commence-
ment of a narration of events from the
beginning ; a tedious narration ; one who
creeps behind from shame and bashfulness ;
a picture or statue not completed, a sketch
or rough draught.

yjijjV&\ angdridan, To think, imagine,

^531

fancy, estimate, compute, suppose ; to paint,
figure, portray, draw, sculpture.

yjtjk&T angdrin, Computation ; a cash-
book.

$Si\ angdx, A tool, an implement.

tjSi\ angaxha, The sley of a weaver's
loom ; a weaver's reed.

angdshtan, To think, consider,
suppose, opine, imagine, fancy.

f>\&\ angam, Time, season (r=p\Xifc q.v,).

&*\&\ angdma, A crowd ; a company of
actors or story-tellers.

irt&T an gdh, Then, at that time ; after,
wards.

i_s^&T dn-gakl. Of tbat time ; then.

jVj£i\ angubdr, Name of a certain plant.

qW*^ angubdn, Name of a root which
produces an eatable herb.

angabin, angubin, Honey ; — an-
gabini skirin-guwdr, Honey sweet and easily
digested. Angabin is frequently given as
a proper name, especially to black slaves.
(2*-s^ angabin-khdna, A bee-hive.

j\j tf**&^ angabln-wdr, Honey-like, pos-
sessed of honey.

4a«&^ angabina, Honey brought to a
consistency, poured on a plate and left to
harden ; fruit-lozenges.

u-sat&\ angikhlan, To excite, produce,
create ; to cover all over ; to overwhelm.
angaddr, A kind of gum-tree.

yt^&l anguddn, Assafoetida ; mace ; a
satyr ; a place in Kashan.

angurda, A single grape, a berry.

djZ>\ angurak, A little grape.

*S*\ angaru, \yj&\ angarwd, A sheep-cot,
fold.

t u*)^ angarus, Hungary.

antjrez, Tarjugon, a kind of herb ; —
angrez, ingrez, The English (adopted in
Hindustan from the Portuguese) ; — kam-
panl angrez, The English East India Com-
pany.

t$jir*^ angrezi, An Englishman.
•fi>\ anguz, A spade for levelling the
ground ; also —

anguzak, A hook with which the
elepnant-guider guides the elephant.

anguzh (S. ankusa), An iron hook
for guiding elephants.

jjJW anguzhad, Assaf cetida ; gum in
general.

cd^SA angmhak, = q.v.

angizhwd, A sheep-cot ; sheep ; a
fruit-stone.

tfiSS angmha, Assafoetida.

angasba, — q.v.
i^sSi^ angashba, angashpa, A rich

farmer, a capitalist.

yj~£i\ angeun, A flash of lightning dis-
playing various colours.

«*ju£rt angisht (S. atLgdra), Charcoal.

angusht (S. angush(a), A finger ;
a toe j a measure of nine inches ; — an-

gushti dsiyd, The handle by which a mill is
turned ; — angushti dftab, The lines formed
by the sunbeams ; — angusht afshurdan, To
give a warning or intimation ; — angusht ba
danddn gazidan, To be amazed, astonished ;
to grieve ; — angusht bar jabin nihddan, To
salute ; — angusht bar chashm (dida~) nihd-
dan, To accept, to approve ; — angusht bar
harf nihddan, To blame, censure, criticise ;
— angusht bar dahdn nihddan, angusht bar
giriftan, To put the fiuger on the mouth
[an Eastern manner of expressing surprise,
which motion of the finger is called an-
gushti tahayyur (ta'ajjub, hairdn, hairdt),
The finger of wonderment ;—angmhti burak,
A kind of mole whose flesh is poison ; —
angusht bar lab zadan, To blame, scold ; —
angusht ba-gosh nihddan, To turn a deaf
ear ; — angushti buzurg, The thumb ; the
middle finger; — angushti halqa, The ring-
finger ; — angusht k£d\dan (gazidan), To
grieve, be sorry, or vexed, to repent [hence
angushti hasrat (haif, diregA), The finger of
grief ; — angushti pashimdn't (naddmat), The
finger of repentance] ; to beckon silence ; —
angusht ddshtan dar kdre, To have a finger
in the pie (m.c.) ;— angushti dirdi (mihin,
miydna), The long or middle finger ; —
angushti dushndm, The fore-finger, index
[so named because held up in scolding,
and also called angushti shak (of doubt),
angaskti shukr (of giving thanks), and
angushti shihddat (of witnessing either to
the faith or in a court of justice)] ; — an-
gushti zd'id (ziydd), A sixth finger, consi-
dered as a blemish ; — angusht zadan, To
snap the fingers (in joy) ; — angushti suturk,
The thumb ; — angushti samin (fat finger),
The thumb ; — angushti shikam, Membrum
virile ; — angushti 'arus, A kind of sweet-
meat ; a grape; — angushti 'asal ba-diwdr
kashidan (to draw a finger dipped in honey
over the wall), To raise a hubbub (as of
flies attracted by honey) ; — angusht kardan,
To put on the finger (m.c); — angusht
kashidan, To efface, obliterate ; — angushti
kanisakdn, Sweet basil ; a kind of grape ;
— angushti kuchak, angushti kihin, The
little finger; — angushti ganda, Assafostida;
— angushti nar, The thumb ; the great toe ;
assafoetida; — angusht nihddan, To censure ;
— angushti nil kashidan, To abandon a
work ; ignominy ; poverty ; — bd angusht
giriftan, To count with the fingers.

angishtdl, Weak, lean, sickly,
ailing ; languid after sickness, convalescent.

gjVjA&l angushtdn, Fingers ; a finger ; —
angushtdni kamaakdn, Mountain-grapes.

4iUi£»\ angiishtdna, A thumb-ring ; a
thimble.

angusht-burak, A kind of mole
whose flesh is poisonous.

jpji t»~i£i\ angusht-jpech, A compact,

( 114 )

( H5 )

agreement ; a small present ; interfered
with, opposed.

Sj^jA- ut-&£rt angusht-kjiwara, Who bites
his finger, vexed, grieved.

ylj u : -.i S j\ angushtddn, A thimble.
angusktar, and —

i e J ~*£j\ angusktarl, A ring worn on the
finger; a seal, a signet; — angushtarizinhar,
A ring sent in token of granted security.

(^jii&l anguahtarin, A ring ; a thimble.

u- } o~S-£>\ angusht-zana, A ferule for
striking the fingers.

fU .t X ^ angishtak, Assafcetida ; — anguah-
tok (dim. of angusht), A small finger ; —
angunhtaki 'arils, A kind of sweetmeat ; —
angushiak zadan, To snap the fingers.

angusht-kash, W ut~i&}\ an-
gusht-numd, A pointing-stock ; pointed at
with the finger, famous, mostly in a bad
sense.

& . u .,a,. <> \ angushtana, A thimble.

angushtu, A pancake fried in oil ;
a kind of bread usually crumbled before
it is eaten.

\f*i&\ angishtwd, Bread baked on the
coals.

angishtwdna, A brazier; — an-
guaidwiina, A ring or defence worn upon
the thumb by those who dart the javelin ;
a thimble.

angashta, angishta. A rich farmer
or merchant ; — angushta, A fork for win-
nowing grain.

4JLiA&\ angushtiydna, A thumb- stall.
J&\ angal, A button-hole, loop, catch,
eye ; a clownish, boorish man, a disagree-
able fellow.
e Jd&\ ingilwh, English.
yjSl&l ingalgaun, Amiable qualities.
k ingiland, England.

angalandti, A sort of child's rattle.
angola, A button ; a button-hole.
■y£&\ ingiliz, England ; an Englishman.

angilina, Angelica, imperial (a

herb).

t)jcl£rt angalyuri (G. €£ayy£'A.ioi/) , The
gospel ; silk of a changing colour, shot
silk ; also of various colours ; a species of
brocade, so named because the Christians
of the East generally kept the Evangels
carefully wrapped up in a rich Btuff of this
kind ; the book of the painter and impostor
Mam ; a cameleon ; flowers of different
hues.

dngandan, To fill, cram, stuff.
ajj&T tinganda, Filled, crammed, scuffed.

anguwdn, Assafcetida.
\>£i\ angiipd (in Zand and Paz.), Endive,
t^j&l angutin (in Zand and Pazand),
The mountain-ox.

angiir, A grape, a raisin ; granula-
tions in a healing sore ; — anguri khdya'i
ghuldmdn, anguri fakhri, Different kinds of
grapes; — anguri daehti, Sebestens ; — anguri

rubah, Fox-grapes, nightshade ; — ■ anguri
zaitunt, A species of black grape, in shape
like au olive; — anguri misqdli, A grape
whose berry weighs a misqdl.

^jy&l angurddn, A wine-press.

»^yW angurak, A little grape ; — anga.
raki chashm, The pupil of the eye.

gU-yW anguriddn, A vineyard (m.c).

\jr^ yj&h angur-kash, Who carries grapes.

yliSjfSj} angur-kashan, The same; also
pi. of the preceding.

anguriya, angurlya, Ancyra in Asia

Minor.

anguzhad, Sjj&\ anguzha, Assa-
fcetida ; — anguzha dar qand khwurdan, To
be cheated.

y.u&j^ angoshidan, To embrace.

Jj&\ angiil, angvla, A button-hole,
a loop ; a button.

^Jf^\ anguni, A good-for-nothing fellow.
dngah, Then; afterwards; conti-
nually ; at the same time ; immediately,
by-and-bye , at length ; — td dngah ki, Until
the time that, till which or when.

yl^Si^ anguydn, Assafcetida.

(^fSi\ angibdn, — q.v.

fcy-Hr&t anglbun, A variegated silk stuff.

(^afcs&l angekhtan. To excite, rouse ; to
instigate, provoke ; to raise ; to create, pro-
duce, make : to extract -, to publish ; to
put to a distance.

"ixjE-H&l angekkta, Excited ; produced,
raised ; erected, set up ; an image, a statue.
angidan, — q.v.
wnglr, A grape.

<p£i\ angez, Raised, elevated ; (in comp.)
exciting, raising, as ilii/dt-angez, Com-
manding respect, &c.

u ,iSTj-Sj\ angezdndan, yJ^je^ angezdni-
dan (causal of angekhtan or angesndan), To
cause to excite ; to erect (a statue) ; to re-
vive (an agreement), renew (a confede-

rae y)v

j*pSs\ angezish, Excitement.

i& r< £i\ angezanda, An exciter.

Sy,*^ angeza, A cause, motive, occasion.

yj$y < £i\ angezidan, To excite, rouse, raise.

(jL-a&t angisan, — <yW&t q.v.

JS>\ ajigil, angila, A loop ; a but-

tonhole ; a button.

yje-Srt angiyun, A piece of variegated
silk.

A pi\ anamm, More calumnious, a greater
tell-tale.

A »Urt inmd' (v.n. 4 of ^r"), Increasing.

a U»\ innamd, Only ; just, at least ;
surely, indeed, certainly.

jW\ anmdr, Name of a city ; name of a
tribe.

A jUrt anmdr (pi. of namir), Leopards.
a u»\*i\ innimds {v.n. 7 of u*-^). Con-
cealing oneself ; being concealed.

a inmildq, ^1 immildq (v.n. 7 of

f» (

jl*), Making a show of friendship, flatter-
ing ; escaping.

A anmilat (in Ar. vocalised in nine
different ways), The tip of the finger
covered by the nail.

e-sj+it anmiidaj, anm&zaj, A sample,

specimen, model, copy, exemplar (see e>>j*>
namudaj) .

n annan&s, A pine-apple.

a jlfl anwar (pi. of nur), Lights, rays
of light ; splendour ; (pi. of naur) Flowers
(especially white).

A £\f \ anwu' (pi. of nau'), Sorts, kinds,
species, varieties ; — anwd' % agedm, AH sorts
and kinds.

^jrt an&pd, BvgloBB ; endive.

A sfl anwaj, Fat, heavy, and breathing
hard ; — unuj, Hard breathing.

A _>y\ anwar, More or most bright,
splendid, brilliant ; resplendent, luminous.

a fyrt anwirat (pi. of ndr), Fires.

yjy\ anwar b, Antwerp (m.c. from Fr.
Anvers).

U-.jy\ anurasmd (G. ivevpvirna), A he-
morrhage.

t^frt anwari, Name of a famous Persian
poet, who died a.h. 586=A.r>. 1190.

^yl anosh, Enos the son of Seth.

Uyl anoshd, The religion of the Guebres ;
joy, mirth ; equality, justice.

*Ay\ anushah, unushah, Fortunate, happy,
blessed; prosperous; desirable; a young
king ; name of Sbapur's aunt; wine; hail !
welcome ! God bless you !

yiu*» <s*y\ anotha-manieh, Of Joyous
mind.

^^«Ay\ anosherwdn, Nusherwan, the
celebra ted Persian king.

^jtyy^ aniilufiya (G. dyaAwts), Analytic
demonstration.

V#-y\ aw&miya (G. avt/bwiv)j), The ane-
mone.

•*s*y^ anuyld, A wailing, lamentation.

yj^jrt aniiyldan, To weep, lament, sigh.

ti\ ana, A particle which, when added
to substantives, gives them an adverbial
signification, as ehdhdna, Koyally, from
ehah, King.

dnhd (pi. of an), They.

A Ay^ inks' (r.n. 4 of Imparting
news, giving information ; announcement,
publication.

A ariha/r (pi. of nahr), Rivers,

itreams, rivulets, streamlets ; — inhdr (v.n.
4 of Causing to flow; widening, en-
larging (a water-course) ; inflicting a large
wound ; doing anything at day-time.

A inhdz (v.n. 4 of <jAy), Exciting,

rousing, causing to stand ; beginning to
fill, or swell (a leathern bottle).

a <*5^ inhdk (v.n. 4 of Severely
punishing, or tormenting; weakening,
emaciating. j

116 )

A d\s*}\ inhitak (v.n. 7 of **Ua), Being
torn, rent (a curtain).

a irihidam (v.n. 7 of (•>**), Being

thrown down, demolished ; demolition,
ruin, overthrow ; extermination.

a f>\yf\ inhizdm (v.n. 7 of fp>), Being
routed, put to flight ; defeat, rout.

a yA*^ inhizdz (v.n. 7 of J**>), Being
broken to pieces.

a j«Uyt inhizdm (v.n. 7 of Being
well digested ; being digestible.

A J&y^ inhilal (v.n, 7 of Jfc), Pouring
violently (rain).

a jWyt inhimdr (v.n. 7 of ^y**), Pouring
out ; being pouring (as rain) ; being
poured.

a *s)Uy) inkim.dk (v.n. 7 of usUa), Making
efforts ; applying oneself diligently.

A l*Uyt inhimdm (r.n. ? of ,**), Being
liquefied (fat), melted (hailstones).

<u^n an-hama, That much; to such a
degree.

V^y\ arihubd (in Zand and Pazand),
Jupiter.

ani (relative of an), That which has
an individual existence ; — dniydn (pi.),
Existing things, individualities.

a and (v.n.), Arriving (time) ; being
timely ; being in time, come at the proper
time.

a anytib (pi. of nab), Canine teeth.

anibd (in Zand and Pazand), Myrtle.
a KA aniyat (pi. of ind'), Vessels, vases.

anltd (in Zand and Pazand), Myrtle.
a ki-flH anis, Soft (literally female) iron.
A^-rt anyar, More or most clear, or evi-
dent ; more or most bright, luminous,
jtsit anir, A bad temper or disposition,
s^ja^ anirdb, Name of the angel who
presides over fire.

anir an, Name of the 30th day of
every solar month of the ancient Persian
calendar j also of an angel or genius who
was supposed to have the superinten-
dence of whatever happened upon that
day, and of all marriages.

yt)«it anizdn, Name of the 30th day of
the solar month,
yj\ anizh, The plant southernwood.

arils, A garden.
a (_r-**\ anis, A companion, friend, com-
rade, familiar acquaintance; of the same
temper, disposition, or genius ; — anisi a'zd,
The eye; the beloved; any desired object;
— anis jails, A companion, familiar friend.

t) \*» s ^ antsdn, A jest, joke, drollery ; a
frivolous story, a lie ; raillery ; opposition.

as^j^ dnista, Congealed, frozen, coagu-
lated.

y~^i\ anlsu, gj— *rt arm-tin (G. avurov),
Anise, aniseed.

y^^Lrt anisun, Resistance, opposition.
«f— «il anisa, Congealed, frozen; coagulated.

si

( 117 )

u 4 *^ anish, A little gardeD ; a vineyard.
anisha, A spy; a flatterer; con-
gealed.

(3*^ araigr, Name of a depilatory drug.
a t>e'l aniq, Beautiful, excellent, charm-
ing.

ft &s«M aniqa, A letter.

U*^ anin, A churn ; a churning-stick.

A t>«i\ anin (v.n. of Groaning; a

groan ; — aninu 'l-muznibin, Sinners' groans ;
— ah u anin u ndla'i hattin, Sighs, groans,
and lamentations.

)\ av (equivalent to db), Water; —
do, Exclamation of surprise (rn.c).

$ o (Z. ava, C. awa), He, she, it; —
kitdbi o, His book ; — o murgM in anjir nist,
He is no bird for this fig, i.e. it is not
bread for his teeth ; it is not for him ; —
av, Load ; for U\ af, prefixed to verbs, q.v.

^ awa (for dwdz), A voice, sound, echo,
rumour, clamour ; fame ; a nightingale ;
(for abu) food ; frumenty ; broth, soup ; —
Urinj-dwA, Eice-meat, a dish made with
rice ; — goeht-dwd, A kind of dish made of
minced or hashed meat.

A awwdb, A sincere penitent ; one
who praises God.

a awdbid (pi. of dbidat), Timorous,
untamed animals; celebrated and well-
known poems.

6^1 dw&kh, Ah ! alas ! a share, portion.

a awdMir (pi. of dfehirat and akMr),
Ends, latter parts ; the last ten days of
the month ; moderns.

©M/l dwdddn (for dbdddn), Cultivated,
cheerful.

aivar, Injustice, iniquity ; oppression ;
calculation, reckoning ; ruined, depopu-
lated j a vagrant, outcast, exile ; quantity,
measure ; name of a Lesghian tribe.

awdr, A cash-book.
A uwdr, Warmth, heat (of the sun,
fire, or thirst).

**jV dwdrja, awdrja, "ks-j^ dwdrcha,
awdrcha, A cash-book, a book of receipts
and disbursements ; a diary, journal, or
register.

u^jT dwuragi, Vagrancy ; wretchedness.
awdra, An account-book ; compu-
tation ; certainty, assuredness ; lost, anni-
hilated ; ruined ; scattered ; destitute of
name or character ; an exile, outcast, vaga-
bond, vagrant ; iron filings ; oppression,
injustice ; bane, ruin, desolation ; — dwdra
ehudan, To be oppressed, injured ; — dwdra
kardan, To harass ; to tear ; — dwdra gar-
didan, To roam, to wander ; — dwdra u sar-
garddn shudan, To be stupid, bewildered,
and to wander about like a fool.

awdra, An account-book ; the hall of
prefecture, a court ; iron filings ; — uwdra,
Heat.

jef dwdra-gir, A book-keeper, ac-
countant.

C5)V dwarf, Idleness, vagrancy.

(y-Vj'jT dwaridan, o^jl awandan, To
swallow ; to eat ; to digest ; to converse.

<3t)\)\ awdrin, Wicked, bad, ugly.

dwdz (S. d+vdch), Voice, sound,
noise, clamour ; tone ; fame, rumour, re-
port ; echo ; — dwdz dddan (zadan, kardan),
To make a noise, to call out, halloo, invite ;
— dwdz gashtan, To become divulged, cele-
brated, illustrious.

)\ } \ awdz, The time during which the sun
continues in the constellation Pisces ; with,
in the possession of ; against ; — awdti o,
With him.

>*5j^T dwazak, A little noise ; a smack.

^"jVf dwdzndk, Noisy.

dwdza, Voice, sound, loud talk ;
fame, rumour, echo ; a note in music in a
high key, of which six are enumerated, vis.
salmak, shahndz, garddniya, gosht, mdya,
and nauroz ; — dwdza gashtan, To become
divulged, celebrated, illustrious.

tSjljl awdzi, With.

($&tflj\ dwdzidan, To cry out, make a
noise, vociferate, make loud acclamations,
halloo, huzza.

A 5s~>\^ awdsit (pi. of wasit and ausaf),
Middles, centres, means, averages ; the ten
middle days of a month (see jfljl and
f.\>\).

A <Ji\)\ awdqiy (pi. of uqiyat), Ounces.
awdm, awdm, Debt ; — awdm, Colour,

a uwdm, Violent thirst, or the heat
attending it ; smoke ; giddiness, vertigo ; a
singer.

Ay»l^\ awdmir (pi. of amr), Commands,
mandates, edicts, orders.

a dwdn (pi. of an), Times, seasons.

a jjJijl awani (pi. of ind'), Vessels, vases ;
— awdni'i siniya, China vases.

awdnldan, To sleep, to be drowsy.
dwdh, awdh, Echo.

a awwdh, Merciful, compassionate
(one of the names of Q-od) ; a believer ; a
lawyer, theologian.

U\yi awahd, Labours, works ; victuals.
dwdy, A loud voice.

A JS\j\ awd'il (pi. of awwal), Beginnings ;
beginning, first part, early period ; the
first ten days of every month.

a a wd'vn (pi. of d'inat), Easy, con-
venient, tranquil.

a s-»^ aub (v.n,), Returning; repent-
ance, conversion ; celerity, quickness ; the
wind ; a cloud.

anbdr, Anything swallowed ; a house;
strong poison ; devouring fire ; (in comp.
from aubdrldan or aubashtan) devouring,
swallowing, as axhdahd'i mardum-aubar, A
dragon devouring men ; — mdhi'i kishti*
aubdr, A fish swallowing a boat; — obdr,
Lamentation.

(jjkjj^X aubdrldan, To ingulf, swallo*,

( H8 )

devour; to throw in, cast; — obaridam, To
groan.

A J^ji aubdsh (pi. of wabash), The
common people, the mob ; ruffians ; mixed
multitudes of every class ; — also
aubdsha, A dunder-headed, ignorant, vul-
gar, self-opiniated, obstinate, unmanage-
able fellow; dissolute, rakish.

a ttUAt^ aubashanah, Like a rake ; disso-
lute.

aubdsktan, To fill ; to throw away ;
to devour, Bwallow.

a aubdshl, Rakishness, dissolute-

ness ; depi-avity, profligacy, debauchery,
lewdness ; fondness for attending at games
and public shows.

O-V 4 ^ aubanidan, To doze ; to be laid flat.
auburdan, To swallow unmasti-

cated.

u^)\ ubis, Kindred, connections.

obih, Name of a village near Herat.
Ss»j\ aubi'at (pi. of wabd'), PlagueB.
&*~)\ aupeha, An officer of the court.

aivpcka-khana, Guard-house,

picket.

«*»^ ot, Compound of the pronoun o and
the suffix of the 2nd person singular.

a autdd (pi. of watad), Stakes,

poles, pegs, pins, props ; grandees, chiefs
(as being pillars of the state) ; disyllabic
parts of a metrical foot ; certain (four)
saints regarded as props of the faith.

A^5>\ awtdr (pi. of waiar), Chords; bow-
strings.

otdgh, otdq, A large tent, pa-

villion.

fcjjuJ^ autdnldan, To sleep ; to faint.

,_s»j1 oti, A kind of hot iron, with which
they take stains out of cloth, by pressing it
upon blotting-paper laid upon the spot.

A ausdn (pi. of wasan), Idols.

a ej\ auj (from P. aug). The highest
point, top ; summit, vertex ; zenith ; alti-
tude, ascendant, apsis ; highest position ;
preferment, promotion ; name of a note in
music; — auji sharaf, The fortunate aspect
or ascendant of a planet ; — auj girifian, To
reach the zenith.

a aujd' (pi. of waja'), Pains, aches,
diseases, complaints.

a avjdqi, = jUy q.v.

A j>W)\ aujdm, Name of a town in Azar-
baijaiu

A s-"j-^ aujab, More or most necessary,
more or most incumbent.

a (Ayt- gj\ auj~jehard.ni, Who walks proudly
in the height of prosperity.

a aujas, Somewhat, a little ; —

attjus, Age; always; never.

a <^U. auj-sdy, Touching (lit. rubbing)
the zenith.

a *tf &)\ auj-g&h, Whose throne or power
ib exalted as the zenith.

yt+f ojvt, = y*»*\ q.v.

s aujin, Name of a town in India,

126 measured coss from Agra (4,000
English yards).

8^ uch, A wager ; — uch kardan, To lay
a wager.

auchat pamun (in Zand and
Pazand), A finger ; a toe.
<^)\ ochcha, Name of a city.

ochie, isp*)} ochm, Quality or essence
of a thing.

a auhdsh (pi. of wahsh), Fa-

mished.

A •>^-j\ aukad, Single, only, unique.

tfi dwakh. A share, portion ; good, ele-
gant ; auspicious, happy ; ah '. alas !

tjl oih (prob. corruption of the prece-
ding), Interjection of pain or surprise
(m.c.).

A \j>\*-)\ auJchdth (pi. of vxi&hsh), Vile,
worthless, baBe.

a Jj\ aud (v.n.). Weighing down, oppress-
ing, harassing ; making crooked ; inclining
towards setting (sun).

G \<*i)\ atidd, Mountain.

A b\j<)\ auriddd' (pi. of imdld), Lovers,
friends.

a s^j\ audaj (pi. of wadaj), The jugular
veins.

t >»iJL,\j J \ auddedliyien (corr. from Q-. 6p*o-
a-eXivov), Kock-parsley.

oddgk, A splendid tent of a circular
form, used by princes, generals, or other
grandees.

avdir, A father's brother.

udurdan (in Zand and Pazand), To

die.

v->£ audas, u^-o^ audast, A span.

yJUj^ odasals, Soda-water (m.c. from Pr.
eau de Seltz).

auda, Name of a city.

a audiyat (pi. of wddi), Valleys ;
rivers.

uzar (Ot. v&u>p), Water.

$ dwar, Certainty ; true, certain ; the
seventh heaven; ugly, deformed, ill-
favoured ; bad language ; (in comp.) bring-
ing ; a bringer ; master, possessor, as bekk-
dwar, Having a root, i.e. strongly rooted,
&c.

$ w, The fist ; a blow with the fist ; an
almond, pistachio, or walnut, whose kernel
is rotten ; — awar, Obscene discourse.

aura, A fortress, citadel; — ord (in-
flection of o), Him, her, it ; to him, to her,
to it.

a «>\>^ aurdd (pi. of wird), Continual
praises or commemorations; daily re-
hearsals ; portions of the Koran recited
at different hours.

y\)^ avrdts (forj^ q-v.), Exalting; erect,
high; height.

a gjeSL/j^ aurdsdliyun, Mountain-
parsley.

( 119 )

y^Vyl avrdshtan (for yja.^ q.v.), To
exalt, raise, elevate.

a aurdq (pi. of imrag), Leaves,

pages (a title given to many books, espe-
cially small works) ; — aurdqi parishan,
Scattered leaves.

t ordq, = J^ q.v.
t>"\y< ordman,

orajrea, A peculiar
manner of reading or chanting Pahlavi
poetry, which derives its name from a vil-
lage of the same name, where the inventor
of it lived.

ordng utdng, Orang-outang

(m.c).

t jl>^ ort&q, A companion, associate ; (in
Khwilrazm) a merchant.

T ortdqi, Company, society.

a^jjT dwarja, A cash-book, a book of re-
ceipts and disbursements ; a distribution
of items of account under appropriate
heads.

^ award, Battle, conflict, engagement,
war; — award kardan, To make war, to
fight.

4&>^ award-gah, A field of battle; —
dward-gdh nihddan, To array in battle
order, to dispose a battle-field.

dwardan (S. bhri with prep, a), To
bring, fetch, or adduce; to relate ; to cause
or produce; — andeeh dwardan, To medi-
tate, deliberate ; — bdz dwardan, To bring
back ; to remove ; — ba-jd dwardan, To per-
form, to exhibit ; — ba-jdn dwardan, To
throw into anxiety ; to kill ; — ba-dast dwar-
dan, To subdue ; — ba ruy andar dwardan,
To agree, concur, act in common or unison ;
— ba saldh dwardani kdr, To bring a work
to perfection, to finish anything properly,
to adjust; — biriin dwardan, To bring forth,
to produce (as the earth) ; — padid amor-
dan, To make manifest, bring into view ;
— peshi Mwud dwardan, To bring into
one's service (m.c.) ; — dar angusht dwardan,
To count, to reckon ; — dar harakai dwardan.
To put into motion, to move ; — dast dwar-
dan, To stretch forth the hand, to offer, to
grant ; — rdy dwardan, To decide upon, to
resolve ; — raxm dwardan, To wage war
against ; — firud dwardan, To bring down,
to overcome.

ij^] dwardani, Worthy of being pre-
sented ; a present : portable.

t jJj^ ordii, A court, palace, camp; a
horde (of Tartars) ; — zabdni ordu, Hindu-
stani.

awarda, "Brought, introduced ; —
dwarda and, They say, they relate; —
awarda dmadan, To admit, to infer ; to
come brought, or be introduced ; — awarda
ehudan, To be introduced, adduced, or
brought ; — awarda kardan, To bring.

O-V^ awardidan, To fight ; to carry off.

<j«j^ awire, The mountain cypress.

r$ dwarsar, The planet Jupiter.

p^jfl uwirmlivii, utoirshillm, Jeru-

salem.

ursiyd, iwirtiyd, Boots of the iris
or white lily.

t J»\ oruq, = q.v.
a auraq, Dusky-coloured; a year

without rain.

aurak, A swing, see-saw.
*>f)$ awarhuh, A city in Persian Irak.

dwarag, A swing, see-saw.
gj*^ urganj, Name of a city in Khwa-
razm.

W&ft awargosh, The harder part of the
ear ; an ear-ring, pendant.

a o^j^ ormali, The gummy exudation
of a certain tree.

e^*_yt urman, Difficulty, trouble ; a
forest.

yrf ormm, ormuzd, The planet Ju-

piter ; name of the 1st of the month ; also
of its angel ; name of the son of Bahman
and grandson of Isfandiyar.

«£^y\ urmah, A cap, a hat, a woollen
cowl.

gJ_^ auranj, Nightshade ; a grape ; —
oranj, The stalk of a bunch of eaten grapes.

(^jjl auranjan, tJ*?^ auranjin, A brace-
let ; an anklet.

Jijjl dvrand, Tigris ; Nile ; fraud, deceit.

JJjjl aurand, A throne ; glory, honour,
dignity, pomp, grandeur, power ; beauty ;'
ornament ; fortune, destiny ; life ; any
large river ; the sea ; blackness ; ink ; name
of a grandson of Kayqubad ; fraud, deceit,
imposture ; a crown.

<v|Jj)^ aurandan, To throw away.

s-iij^ aiuaranda, Bringing ; a bringer.

yAijij^ aurandldan, To deceive.

tiG^f avrang, A throne ; wisdom, under-
standing; beauty, gracefulness; life; a
manufacturing village; fraud, deceit;
mirth ; a worm which eats into wood ; a line
whereon things are hung to dry ; glory,
honour; a man's name; (met.) heaven;
(for db-rang) water-colour, paint.

^Si^ aurang-ahdd, A city in India.

<jVj aurang-pTr&y, Who adorns

the throne.

w->j£>;^ aurang-stlb (zeb) (ornament of
the throne), Name of an emperor of Hindu-
stan (who died in 1707, after a glorious
reign of fifty years).

aurang-zibi, A kind of cloth.
<*&} } \ auranq-tihahl, A kind of silk.

t$<~3 aurang-nishin (sitting on a

throne), A reigning prince.

u&j^ aurangi, An air of music ; name
of the third of the thirty notes in music.

a u^j)^ urubankhi, Broomrape.

aurokhtan, To inflame, blaze.

t oruq, The retinue of a king ; the
royal camp.

»j/t dv-rah (for db~rah, water-way), A
canal, a conduit.

„1 ( 120 )

S)/ aura, The outside of a garment ;
the best side of cloth ; the surface of
anything ; — aura'i aflak, The heaven of
heavens.

(jjjT awari, A man of truth or certainty.

a »W uriya', Uriah (the Hittite).

s-iyi ureb, Inverted, transposed.

O-VtyT dwaridan, To bring; to attack,
charge ; — dvridan, To swallow ; to hold a
conference.

0-*4y\ aurldan, To he slothful ; to deceive ;
to finish ; to bring.

jiyT dv-rez (for jijt\ db-rez), A water-
closet.

(j—JyJ awrwf, Set with jewels.

iinm, The Urim.
{$t)ft awarin, awarin, Juniper.
jjijji urev, — s-iy^ q.v.

uriya, The province of Orissa.
a j;^ auz, awass, A mode of reckoning
drawn from the lunar motions.

)j\ wss, (in Khwarazm) Ingenious, dex-
terous.

avzdr, auzdr, The sail of a ship ; a
shoe ; tools ; spiceries, hot seasonings,

a _>\y\ auzdr (pi. of wizr), Burdens,
loads, whatever oppresses ; ains, crimes ;
arms, weapons.

avzdr-ddn, amar-dan, A spi >ry
or pepperbox.

a auza', Bodies, crowds ; name of a
tribe.

a auzdn (pi. of wazrt), Weights,

measures, metres ; artisans ; — auzdni fdri-
eiya, Persian weights and measures.

tri^y auzdyieh, Abundance, increase.
uzbak, Name of a Tartar dynasty.

a i-wasmt, A goose; a nimble woman.
ozjand, Name of a place.

<*!j>t auzak, A particular seal.

man, uzun, A kind of itinerating
ballad singers.

A yj^ auzan, Stronger, more or most
weighty, respectable, influential ; strong,
vigorous ; a lion.

•&))\ auzand, Military accoutrements.

ty);\ avzun (equivalent to afzun), Ample,
spacious; increase, augmentation.

0*1$ dwvzidan, To suspend (see o^fo}).

t$i))\ awzvn, Juniper.

auzln, A ring ; a buckle.

0$ auzhan, Murder, slaughter ; (in
comp.) throwing, casting; — mard-amhan,
A hero.

JJj^ auzhand, auehang, = -^jjt q.v.

yjiiJij,^ awshandidan, To throw, cast,
hurl.

Jjj»^ avzhtil, Instigation; haste, speed.

8J>-Sj>j^ avzhiilanda, Exciting, instigating.

yj«aJjj^ avzhalidan, To raise, excite, stir
up; to exact, demand; to pluck up ; to
hasten; to dissipate, scatter; to render
bold ; to perplex.

Sj^ dwizha, The ear-lap.

a aus (v.n.), Giving in exchange or
return, requiting, repaying; a gift; name
of a tribe.

aus, Hope.

a fcV«.j\ auadkh (pi. of waBdJch), Filths,
dirts.

a ausdt (pi. of wasaf), Middle parte,
centres, waists.

ausdn, A whetstone.
ueabtd, ausabld, Sort of water-lily.
ost (for o aet), He is.
awasta, The sacred books of Zoroas-
ter.

t\x~)\ ustdkh, Boldness, impudence, in-
civility.

ustdd, A master in any art or pro-
fession.

^jbL-J ustddgi, A trade ; mastership.

^U-.ji ustddi, A trade ; skill, master-
ship; — ustddl hardan, To fabricate, manu-
facture ; to act the master.

ostdm, A pillar, prop ; a prince,
patron; a threshold; faithful, trust-
worthy ; ornaments for a saddle and bridle ;
confidence.

(jjU^ ostdn, A threshold ; trustworthy ;
ornaments of a saddle and bridle ; trap-
pings.

&jx~.)\ oskira (for uBtura), A razor.
l***-^ ostvm, A sleeve ; blood j pus,
matter.

a ausakh, Nastier, nastiest.

a attsctf, Middle, middling ; inter-
vening, intermediate ; average ; medium,
interval; mediocrity.

a ausati, Middle, middling, mode-

rate ; pertaining to the average.

a ansa', More or most ample ; larger,
largest, wider, widest j ampler, amplest.

i^fji ausan, A st.ory, tale ; short, brief.
iisu, Robbery, spoliation ; — also au&u,
Grief, lamentation.

Qf~>!)\ ausua, Enchantment, fascination,
spell.

a-j\ avsa, Usa, Taken, seized ; robbery.

a {j*}s~^ o&iris, The Egyptian god,

o qp^,^ auglmun, Mallows.

aush, ueh, A city in Transoxania.

a uehdqi, — q.v.

JU^ auskdl, A pond, tank, reservoir.

yVi,\ aushdn, Scattering ; — -oskdn, Those.

qM\j>,.\ aushdndan, To scatter.

sjiUy aushdnda, Scattered ; a button.

(jj^U.^ aushdnidan, To cause to scatter.

y>*yf dvshin, ty**^ dvshin, Wild mar-
joram, origan.

a>ai*j1 auahandana, A button ; a button-
hole.

*s£a4ij\ aushang, A line for clothes or
grapes.

^•j} 2 aush u baush, Ostentation,

pride; strutting along, stepping proudly.

U»y' ( 121 ) Jjl

ausha (S. avasydya) , Dew ; — osha,
Origany.

t£Xy^ } \ oshhang, see tsCifcy* hoshang.

A ^>L;j\ ausdf (pi. of was/), Specifica-
tions, descriptions, titles, epithets ; attri-
butes, qualities, endowments ; praises, en-
comiums j — ausdfi jamila, ausdfi kamlda.
Excellent qualities ; — ausaf u alqdb, Titles
and epithets.

y°i)\ u$n-, Grief, lamentation for the dead.

a. ausiyd 1 (pi. of wasiy). Testators ;
executors ; legatees ; preceptors, guardians.

a gUjl auzd' (pi. of waz'), Postures,
positions, actions, gestures, motions ; beha-
viour, manners, deportment, address,
breeding, politeness ; — auzd'i zindagi, Ap-
pliances of life ; — auza'i na-hamwdra,
Unsuitable acts or behaviour ; — in digar
ehih auzd'ist, What does this mean ? what
state of affairs is this now? (m.c).

a auzah, More or most clear, evi-
dent.

a y-lW aulas, Name of a place.
t J^y otdq, A tent ; a room, chamber
(m.c).

a autdn (pi. of watari), Countries,

homes; native country.

t lity^ oturdq, A halt, stay ; a garrison
(m.c).

a JW^ au l dl (pi. of wa'l), Nobles,
princeB ; (pi. of wa'il) naountain-goats.

a au'iyat (pi. of ivi'd'), Repositories,
sheaths, vessels, cases.
^ aughd, Wind.

aughdn, Lamentation.
aughar, An assembly ; an airy place.
M Jy*^ oghruq, s= fc£\ q.y.

aughal, Name of a certain people,
aughur (from L. auguriuin), Omen ;
— auybuv ba-khair bdehad, Happy journey !
good luck ! (m.c).

yy^jT av$£un, An aqueduct, a canal .
a kJj^ auf (v.n.), Hurting, injuring ; be-
falling (calamity); exclamation of distress
or anger (m.c.)
a aufdz (pi. of waft), Hastes.
a aufdz (pi. of wafz), Hastes ; (pi.
of wafaz) mixed multitudes, crowds.
uftddan, To fall.
(jjj^Ui^ iiftdnldan, To cause to fall.
a\ — lj\ ofedna, A tale, a story.
a (3*^ aufaq, Most convenient or appo-
site.

a auqdt (pi. of waqt), Times, sea-

sons, hours (especially for prayers); cir-
cumstances, state, condition ; means, re-
sources, power, ability ; — auqdt piicJi shu-
dan, The time is being wasted ; — auqdt
■puck (siydh) kardan, To waste one's time; —
auqali talkM kazhidan, To have bitter times
of it (m.c.) ; — auqdti 'aziz, Precious hours.

i^jif uuUy auqat-guzari, Stipend, pen-
sion.

A auqdr (pi. of wiqr), Burdens, loads.

a <Jli>y auqaf (pi. of waqf), Legacies,
bequests (for pious or charitable purposes).

at oqadar (for^JuSiy q.v.), So much, so
many, the more.

a auqas, Short-necked.

Of) 'j 1 auqatdriyun (corr. from G.
ivwa.Twpt.ov), Hemp agrimony.

a iiqulidis, Euclid.

<j*)>y>*)\ auqiydnus (G. o>Keavos), The ocean.

x uqvyat, An ounce ; an ounce of
silver ; a silver coin weighing one ounce
(= forty dirhams, or between six and
seven shillings).

auqaiman, auqiman (G. <5k<.^.ov),
Wild sweet basil.

ok, Name of a fortress.

a jlS^ aukar (pi. of wakr), Nests, eyries.

q\S } \ du'akdn, Name of a champion in
Farldun's army.

aukar, A weaver's trench.

fy\ ukii, A bird of ill omen ; an owl.

aug, A summit, apsis (see auj) ; a
Turkoman tribe.

augdr, Soreness of back of a beast
of burden ; crippled ; loaded ; drunk.

fo\ augar, A weaver's trench (= aukar).

jj^J^ anganj, Repentance, contrition.

yM£p\ awjandan (for <jAa£»1), To throw.

A Jji aul (v.n.), Returning; administer-
ing well, managing with propriety ; go-
verning, presiding.

a auwal, First, prior, foremost ;

chief, greatest, highest ; best, principal,
excellent; beginning, principle; — auwali
Aatht (for dast), Handsel, first sale of a
day, considered as a good omen (= Hind.
bohni) ; --auwal ta'dm pas kaldm, First
dinner, then conversation; — auwali qunut,
The first (or false) dawn; — auwali gul,
The beginning of the rose-bloom (opp. to
dkhiri gul, " The last rose of summer ") ; —
auwal u dkhir shuda bar ambiyd, Muham-
mad.

t Jjl ol, Ruby (m.c).

a *3y auwalan (auwald), At first, in the
first place, before all things.

a ^>3jl tildt, Female possessors.

a ->S}\ auldd (pi. of walad), Sons, chil-
dren, descendants ; offspring, progeny ; —
aulddi rishta'i mustaqima, Children in a
direct line, lineal descendants.

tilad, Name of a certain demon,
Rustarn's guide in Mazandaran.

t £2^ ulagJk, Abb, donkey (m.c).

a fl } \ awwallar, Better.

gSj^ aulaj, aulij, A small grape- stalk;
night-shade.

t l^Sy ulja, iilja, Prisoner, booty.

t ^yi.-^jl tlljdmishi, L f2~ s *\.ipSj\ tilja-
mishl, Act of submission and homage, by
bending the knee, kissing the hand, &c.

a yjJa_S^ olustiyiin, The herb flitchwort.

a s-*< awwal-shab, The beginning of
night, nightfall.

( 122 )

a t jJjfly olqadar, Only bo much ; so many,
so far.

^<j\ tilled, t& } \ ulka, A country, kingdom,
region (see 101).

aviary, Knowledge, understanding,
intellect ; a throne ; mirth ; mode of living ;
nightshade; fraud, deceit; pomp, splen-
dour ; a bed-chamber, dormitory ; — ulanj,
A bunch from which the grapes have been
eaten.

<£&j}»\ tilang, A green, a meadow.

a yy Ala (used as pi. of zu), Lords,
masters, possessors ; — ulft- 'l-dbsar, Having
eyes, i.e. prudent, sagacious, penetrating ;
— ulu 'l-arham, Related by birth ; — ulu 'l-
albdb, Prudent, intelligent; — ulu 'l-amr,
Emperors, generals, commanders-in-chief;
— "Z« 't-f.a,ri<i, Priors, abbots, or other
chiefs of religious orders ; — Ulu 'l-'agm,
Endued with constancy, enterprising, am-
bitious.

a ( _ S *W\ yy ulu 'l-'azmi, Determination,
reBoluteni-Bs ; ambition.

t <j*)Jy ulus, Nature, disposition.

A uluwlyat, Majority, superiority,

pre-excellence, priority, precedence.

<tJjT dvla, dwila, A blister, pimple, felon,
freckle, small-pox, or other eruption on the
Bkin.

iljl aula, via, An eagle, a falcon ; a brute.

a ^y. aula (in Persian auli), Worthier,
fitter ; — ■uld (fern, of awival), First, &c. ; —
wit (oblique case of yy ulu), Lords, Ac, and
employed in the Bame way, as uli 'l-ajnihat,
Winged animals ; — uli 'Ualbdb, Possessed
of hearts or intellects ; — uU 'l-'azm, Reso-
lute (men) ; — uli 'l-%lm, Scientific (men) ;
— Uli 'n-nahy, Wise, prudent (men).

a ^Ji)\ auwali, First, best, chief.

olsJjl auliyd' (pi. of waliy), Friends (of
God), saints, prophets, fathers ; — auliyd'i
daulat, Fathers of the State, i.e. Princes,
ministers, nobles; the court (m.c,).

a. £*Sy awwaliyat, Priority, primacy, pre-
eminence, superiority, excellence.

a Ajjy aulitar (auldtar), Better.

a i^y ulirti, Starch-wheat.

ct uliqu*, Six oboli.

A <Jt«Sy aula'ika (pi. of zalilea), Those.

A awwalin (originally oblique case

of the pi. of wwwal, but in P. also used as
a singular, as if formed by the suffix in),
Firet ; — awwaUn karf, The letter alif ;
knowledge infused ; — aumalin naqsh, Des-
tiny, fate ; — awwalin u attiriii, Ancients
and moderns.

umdj, A kind of pottage.

o \M»y aumddd, Juice of the wild cu-
cumber.

a umdli, J^*^ wwwmdli, Eleeo-

meli, a honeyed oil which exudes from cer-
tain trees.

aumdn, Name of a village in Ha-

madan.

omed, umid, timez, Hope,
yjl avian (for q.v.), Anything sus-

pended.

a cyl aun (v.n.), Going softly; a gentle
pace ; quiet, peace, tranquillity.

y>y auvdr, A fire; fragrance; drowsi-
ness.

^.i^Uy aundnidan, To slumber ; to hope,
(j*-*^ avndnis, Pomegranate buds.

uwanj, Friendship, intimacy, fami-
liarity.

•»>y dtvand, Furniture particularly be-
longing to the kitchen, as pots, pans, or
other vessels ; a line on which they hang
clothes or grapes to dry ; a tennis-racket ;
a chess-board ; argument, proof ; a throne ;
= *sS5^T q.v. ; — awand, dwind, First; — dar
awand Jcardan, To hoard up.

J*y awand, A vessel ; — aurind, Fraud,
deceit.

m jJ*^ iindar, A large leathern bottle or
pipe.

ij-^A dwandi, A drinking-vesseJ.

iiifl awinka, A prickly kind of shrub.

*a£*y; awang, A mortar in which things
are pounded ; anything suspended ; a line
on which clothes or bunches of grapes ;ire
hung up to dry.

dwangdn, Pendulous, hanging.

<*&jy avnang, A clothes-line.

yy aunu (G. oTvos), Wine.

3

yy; dvnut (for dbnus), Ebony.

_ t-yy aunumdli (Q. olv6fj.t\x), Honey
and wine mixed, mead.

^yy uni, A kind of grain like barley.
Wj' uniyd, A medlar,
y-^yi dwanidan, To rest, slumber ; to
hope (see cJ^yi, of which it is perhaps a
misreading).

Sjj^ } jti } \ uniwarsita, University (m.c).
^ diaav, Name of a city.
isVyy, umawuk, A gum procured from the
neighbourhood of Shiraz.

»y dwa, A forge ; a brick-kiln ; a fringe ;
name of a city ; whatever makes an echo ;
ah ! alas !

a ay, auh (v.n.), Crying oh ! in pain ;
complaining, groaning.

i*yf dvhd (equivalent to LtfT dbhd),
Waters.

a |»*J*y. auhdm (pi. of wahm), Opinions,
conjectures, suppositions, imaginations,
doubts, suspicions.

^y oy, He, she, it ; lo ! behold !

yy uyd, A la2y, slothful, idle fellow.

uyan, A mountain ; the middle
month of autumn (a doubtful word) ; —
oyan (pi. of **y q-v.), Existences.

gi«^ dwej (for divez), Anything sus-
pended.

yjafc-.y dwekKtan, To hang, to suspend ;
andar dwekhian, To suspend ; to provoke ;
to contend.

( 123 )

1 " •

dwek&ta, Suspended, hanging loose,
pendulous.

dwidan. To twist; to fatigue.
oy* (fw ord), Him, her, it ; to

him.

\J>ji)^ avnrash (in Zand and Pazand), A
certain number of crimes.

y^t dwez, Anything suspended ; a place
where things are hung up; a hook upon
which meats are hung ; a flesh-hook ; the
shambles ; a border, margin, circuit.

yty^i aweedti, Suspended ; also pi. of the
preceding, with the same meaning.

<3^yt)\ dwezdnidan, To cause to hang
up.

dwetiih, A hanging on ; suspension,
penduloBity ; war, trouble.

dwezgin, A petitioner who addresses
everybody ; a hanger-on ; an importunate
beggar; an infamous boy; left, dismissed ;
contagions.

dwetagi, Pendulausneas.
ijt>i\ dweza, An ear-ring, a drop, pendant ;
— awena. Wine.

fyft dweza -band, An ear-ring, pen-
dant ; one who wears such.

yJ*>»^ dwezidan. To hang up ; to adhere.
y^Ji/j dvoezhagdn, Adherents, lovers,
friends (pi. of the following).

Bji^T awezha, awezha, Wine ; chaste ;
pure, unmixed (in the latter the initial
alif may he taken as alpha privativuni,
when the word means, on the contrary,
"impure ").
a u«4j\ uwais, A wolf; a man's name.
yUwjjl oyiattin, The place of individual
existences.

awish, t^Jt-i-i^ ilwishian, f**>i)\ dvA-
tkaw, MarjoTam, origan.
oyisk, Existence.
U^Al^ oyishgdn (pi. of the preceding),
Existences.

ijMji awUhan, Hanging, suspended ;
drawing a sword ; marjoram, origan.
awishin, Sight.
dwisha, Marjoram, origan.
W)\ dmnd, Eipressed juice (of fruit,
&c).

dwindan, To hope ; to sleep, to

slumber.

oya, Individual existence.
oyihd (pi. of the preceding), Indi-
vidual existences.

a i\ dk, Ah ! alas ! a sigh ; — dhi dtith-
bar, dhi atishin, An ardent sigh, the sigh
of one in pain ; — ah az lab guristan, A sigh
escapes the lips ; — ah ba-dh andakhtan. To
draw sigh after sigh ; — ah bar-damidan
{zadan, sar-zadan), To fetch a sigh ; — uh
dar jigar (dar miah) shikaeian, To suppress
ft sigh ; — dhi jdn-gdh, A sigh from the bot-
tom of the heart ; — dhi jigar-soz, A heart-
burning sigh ; — ah dar jigar na ddeMan, To

be penniless; — dhi 'a-mbarin, The sigh of
one in pain ; — ah hashddan Qcashldan), To
fetch a. sigh.

*! ah. Ah ! alas !

a v 1 *^ ihdb, A skin, a raw hide, not
tanned or otherwise prepared.
;^*^ dhdr, Food ; polished steel ; also —
jU>1 ahar, Starch for glazing.

dhdrddda, Saturated, steeped in.
yAtj^ dhdzidan, To draw (a sword).

dhdzida, Drawn out, extended ;

lofty.

a <J>\*>\ ahdli (pi. of ahl), Inhabitants,
citizens, commons ; persons, individuals,
members ; family-folk ; consorts, spouses,
wives ; domestics, dependants, followers ;
possessors ; worthy ; — ahdli u mawdXx
{ahdli'tnawdli), People at large; poor and
rich; courtiers, retinue, train.

« lt* ahdli-kas, The common people.

e>l*l ahdn, Glue, starch ; border, fringe,
list ,- contamination, defilement ; pap, pa-
nado, gruel.

a (£*>\ ihdn, A trunk whose top and
branches have been cut off; pollard,

a ihdnat (v.n. 4 of 6>y*), Despising ;
disdain, contempt, insult, affront; — ihdnat
karda-ti, To despise, treat with contempt.

■W^T dhdna, ahdna, The crown of

the head ; the summit of a mountain ; a
hillock ; an upper chamber, open gallery,
or principal apartment in eastern houses ;
the top of a house ; villainy ; a disgraceful
action ; deformity.

a ikbdt (v.n, of Throwing

down, precipitating.

A <M>^ uhbat, Provision made for any
undertaking ; (warlike) apparatus, arms,
accoutrements

AjW- 5 *^ dhbanydba, Yawning, gaping.

a jW-^ ihtijdr, Talking obscenely, ri-
baldry.

A »TAxftl ihtidd' (v.n. 8 of <_sJ>a), Being
directed right ; finding the right way.

Aj^yyfc) ihtizdz (v.n. 8 of y»), Being shaken,
agitated (tree by the wind) ; falling with
glittering light (star) ; exultation, joy.

a |»Ujj^ ihtimam, (v.n. 8 of Taking
thought for, minding, attending to ; solici-
tude, anxiety, care ; diligence, attention ;
inspection, supervision, superintendence ;
management, charge.

a ts^A} j»U^ ihtimdm-bandi, An account
specifying the number of Pergunnahs and
the names of the Zamindars in a pro-
vince.

a j»U^*t ihtimdni-dur, An under-col-
lector of revenue who acts on commission,
from a Zamindir ; a responsible person.

a ,_j*UiA\ ihiimutni, A responsible per-
son ; a manager, curator, agent.

<u*\ dhta, Drawn out (sword) ; lofty.

( 124 ) Jtol

(^■ssiAT 1 dMk&tan, To unsheath, draw (a
sword).

A*sftA^ dhitchta, Unsheathed, drawn
(sword).

A '\^\ ihdd' (v.n 4 of ^J-*), Sending a
present ; leading a beast of sacrifice to
Mecca.

A ihddr (V.n. 4 of Permitting
(blood) to be shed with impuuity ; render-
ing ineffectual (a right, &c).

A <J\**>\ ahdaf (pi. of hadaf), Targets,
butts for archers.

a s*-**^ ahdab, One who has long eye-
lashes.

a } \*Jt\ ihzdr (v.n. 4 of jjus>), Babbling,
doting.

j*\ ahr, A town between Ardabil and
Tabriz ; the seed of the ash-tree ; the ash-
tree.

a J^l ihra' (t.ii. 4 of Dressing
(meat) till the flesh separates from the
bone ; talking badly ; meeting with severe
cold.

a jl/>l ihrdr (v.n. 4 of "*), Making (it
dog) whine.

a £l/>l ihrd' (v.n. 4 of Going, walk-
ing, or travelling fast ; trembling (from
rage, fear, fever, or debility) ; frightening.

A f\)&\ ahrdm (pi. of haram), The pyra-
mids of Egypt (from their age) ; — ihrtim
(v.n. 4 of j»j*), Making decrepit, en-
feebling.

t>*\^ ahrdman, A seducer ; the devil.
ahrdn, A hatchet, an adze, an axe.
ahrietdn, Name of a province ad-
jacent to Tazd.

ahram, A pestle.
i^»y»\ dhraman, dharman, ahraman, ahri-
man (Z. anhro-mainyu), Ahriman, the prin-
ciple of Evil, opposed to Orrnund, the prin-
ciple of Good; the devil; a seducer; a
demon.

<yj*} dkraman-khoy, Of fiendish
disposition.

<^>; fcf*.?*^ dhraman-ruy, With the face of
an evil spirit or demon.

u&^i (jf^a! dhraman Msh, Worshipper of
Ahriman ; of perverse conduct.

OjAl dhran, ahran, A seducer ; the devil ;
name of a brother-in-law of Gushtasp.

(jyyd^ a/mZn, Name of a Jewish physi-
cian.

(2*>jAl ahriman, ahriman, &+>jB>\ dhrima,
ahrima, A seducer ; the devil.

tjy*^ dhzan, Naphtha, a kind of very in-
flammable bituminous substance, gathered
from the Burface of water, of a clear pale
yellow colour.

yVij dh-xandn, Sighing.

tyy^ ahzun, Now ; — uhzim, A barren
woman.

( j&s~«fe'f dhixtagl, Lfmity, gentleness, soft-
ness, mildness; calmness, deliberation; —
ba-dhistagl gnfian. To speak in a whisper.

— *>\ dhista, Soft, tender, delicate
gentle ; grave, sedate, modest, quiet ;
calmly ; slowly, gently, by degrees, step by
step, softly ; unawares ; whispevingly, in a
low voice, piano ; aside (stage-direction) ; —
sukhani dhista, A whisper ; — sukhani dhitta
qufian, To whisper, to speak a word in the
ear.

^\ } (tawjb^ dhista-ra'y, Wise, skilful,
learned ; of delicate judgment.

<kx— dhista-rav, Walking gently ; slow.

jjjjt* Si~A^ dhista-tukhwn, Low-voiced ; a
whisper.

0 v r,.fci»f tihiehtagl, Lowness, softness of
voice.

«£**^ dhak, »sW ahak, Lime, plaster,
cement ; ointment compounded of quick-
lime and arsenic (used in the baths as a
depilatory) ; — dhaki tafta, Quick-lime ; —
dhaki eiy&h, A kind of strong cement ; —
dhaki sadaf, Shell-lime.

_jj ahak-paz, A lime-burner.

ij^ i'X ah-kaeh, Who fetches a sigh.

A JaI ahl, People (belonging to any par-
ticular person, place, order, or profession) ;
an inhabitant ; a family ; kindred, consort ;
lord, master ; domestic, follower, depen-
dant ; endowed with, possessed of, fit for,
worthy of ; — ahli ittiqa, The faithful, pious ;
— ahli idrak, Intelligent, sagacious; — ahli
ikhMydr, A patrician, one of the upper
class ; — ahli islam, A true believer, ortho-
dox ; — ahli i'tizdl, A schismatic ; — ahlu 'lldh,
People of God; man of God, pious man,
saint; — ahli ahilat, Wealthy persous; — ahli
ahwd, Heretics, visionaries ; voluptuaries ;
— ahli Imdn, A believer ; — ahli in kdr,
Capable of doing this (ra.c.) ; — ahli batin,
Contemplative, pious, spiritual; — ahli bacha,
A sodomite; — ahli hakhya, A congenial
and discreet drinking companion ; — ahli
bid'at, A heretic, sectary j — ahli bihisht,
The blessed, the inhabitants of Paradise;
— ahli bait, People of the house, domes-
tics; master (or mistress) of the house;
— ahli parhez, Continent, abstinent ; —
ahli tasawwuf, Contemplative; an ancho-
rite ; a Sufi ; — ahli tafsir, A doctor in
theology, a commentator on holy writ ; —
ahli taqwd, Pious, devout; — ahli tamdshana,
The actors in a play (m.c.) ; — ahli ianjim,
Astrologer; — ahli tawdzu', Submissive; —
ahli jamd'at, A member of the community ;
— ahli jannat, The inhabitants of Paradise ;
— ahli jahannam, The damned ; — ahli hidl,
Skilled in or conversant with the state of
things ; — ahli hijdb, Veiled ; modest ; — ahli
hirfat, An artificer ; — ahli huquq. Possessed
of just claims ; — ahli hikmat, Wise, philoso-
phical; a worker of miracles ;~ahli khdna
(ahlu 'd-ddr), People of the house, do-
mestics, etc. (=ahli bait, supra); — ahli
fchubrat, A censor, critic, connoisseur ; —
ahli k&idmat, An officer, an official; — •

( 125 )

ahli khirad, People of understanding, the
wise j — ahli khii/dnat. Treacherous; — ahli
ddnish-intibdh, Cautious and vigilant ; ahli
darun, Confidants; — ahli dukkdn, A shop-
keeper; — ahli dil. Brave, spirited, gene-
rous ; — ahli dalq, Dervishes, religious mendi-
cants ; — ahli dunyd, People of the world,
worldly; — ahli duwal, Possessed of wealth,
rich, the wealthy ; — ahli dlvidn, A counsellor
of state, senato r , minister; — ahli zihr, Con-
versant with the Scriptures ; — ahlizauq. Ad-
dicted to pleasure, a voluptuary ; people of
good taste ;—ahli rot gar, A man of the w< >rld ;
Bkilful; working men, servants; — ahli zabdn,
Masters of speech, orators, poets ; eloquent ;
—~ahli zamdn, Observant of, conforming to,
the times ; time-server ; — ahli eamin, Inha-
biting the earth ; — ahli zuhd, ahli tsuhd w
warn', Pious, devout, self-denying; — ahli
sakhdwat, Liberal, munificent ; — ahli su-
kjiun. Eloquent ; — ahli sunnat, An observer
of the traditional law, a Sunnite; — ahli
nydftal, A traveller ; — ahli shar', A legis-
lator, lawyer, public teacher of the law-;
— ahli sharaf, Noble, eminent; — ahli shi'yat
(ski'a), Followers of Ali, a Shiite ; — ahli
ihiqdq, Seditious, inimical ; — ahli shukok,
ahli shaukat, Great, powerful ; — ahli shuhud,
A professor of religion ; holy, inspired ;
— ahli safd. Pure in heart ; a Sufi ; — ahli
san'at, An artificer; — ahli sHrat, Super-
ficial, one who skims the surface of
things; — ahli ?aJdl, An infidel, heretic; —
ahli t/i'at, Obedient to God, faithful ; — ahli
tab', Possessed of genius ; — ahli tabqa, Un-
observant of the precepts of Muhammad ;
— ahli tirf, Noble ; — ahli tariq, ahli tariqat,
An observer of the laws of Muhammad ; a
Sufi ; — ahli zdhir, Hypocrites, having only
the external appearance of goodness ; — ahli
zvlma, Official, especially of police or finances
(m.c.) ; — ahli 'azdb, The damned; — ahli
'urf. ahli Hrfan, Learned, scientific; — -ihli
'urfat, Artificers, artisans; — ahli 'aql. Pru-
dent, judicious ; — ahli 'Urn, Learned ; — ahli
'ilmi raqam, Au arithmetician; — ahli 'ilmi
kalam, A n orator, rhetorician ; — ahli 'ilmi
mantiq, A logician ; — ahli 'ilmi nujdm, An
astronomer, astrologer ; — ahli 'ahd u zim-
mat, Tributary ; — ahli 'iy dfa, Soothsayers ; —
ahli 'iydl, The father or master of a family ;
— ahli ghadr, Fraudulent, perfidious ; — ahli
gharaz, Interested, designiug, selfish ;—
ahli ghawayat, Vagrants ; — ahli finish. Bed-
ridden; — ahli farang, .European; — ahli
furzat, The collectors of a toll imposed
on merchants on the sea-shores ; — ahli
faudd, A scoundrel, villain ; — ahli qabl, A
besieging party ; — ahli qui, A believer (from
the Coranic phrase : " Say to those who be-
lieve"); — ahli fa?l, Virtuous; learned ; —
ahli Jahvi, Intelligent, wise ; — ahli qibla,
Knowing which way to turn in grayer ; —
ahliqubur (inhabitants of the tombs), The

I dead ; — ahli qaryat, A villager ; — ahli
qalam, A scribe ; an official ; a literary man ;
— ahli kdr, A workman, clerk ; — ahli kiidb,
A learned man, a doctor in theology ; be-
lievers in a revealed religion : Mubamma-
dans, Jews, and Christians ; — ahli karam,
Liberal, generous ; — ahli Jcasb, Trades-
people ; — ahli kaldm, ahli lisdn, Eloquent ;
an orator ; — ahli kin, An enemy ; — ahli
mnlawarri', Pious, devout; — ahli majdlis,
Dramatis personae (m.c.) ; — ahli majlit,
Assistants, assessors ; members of good
society, courtiers ; — ahli muha»aba, An ac-
countant; — ahli mahshar, Those who rise at
the day of judgment; — ahli madar, The
Arabs who inhabit cities ; town-people ; —
ahli tnazdq, A voluptuary ; people of good
taste ; — ahli mazhab, A religionist ; — ahli
mashwarat, A counsellor, an adviser ; — ahli
ma'dsh, Holder of a rent-free tenure ; — ahli
ma'rifat, Learned ; possessed of the know-
ledge of God ; devotee ; — ahli ma'na, Spiri-
tual, intellectual, one who penetrates into
divine mysteries ; — ahli makka, An inhabi-
tant of Mecca ; — ahli mundjdt, Attending to
prayer, supplicating God ; — ahli marusil, A
household ; — ahli mansab, A minister, au
official;— ahli nishat, The gay, the joyous ;
pleasure-seekers ; — ahli nishaat, Hermits, re-
cluses; — ahli nasrat, Colleagues, coadjutors ;
—ahli nazar, Clear-sighted, discerning,
perspicacious ; — ahlina'im, The inhabitauts
of Paradise, the blessed ; — ahli nifdq,
Hypocrites; perfidious; infidels; enemies;
— ahli nafs, Sensualists ; — ahli naqisal,
Vicious ; — ahli wabar, The Arabs who dwell
m tents; nomads; — ahli wirdsat, One inte-
rested in succession, heir, joint-heir ;—ahli
wara', The pious; the abstemious; — ahli
waqdr, grave, majestic, dignified ; — ahli
wuquf, Skilful ; — ahli hajr, Separated from
friends orthe beloved ; sad; disconsolate ; —
ahli hadd, Following the right way, ortho-
dox ; — ahli hunar, Skilful ; — ahli hawd,
Licentious, libertine.

a ahlan, (iu supplication) God be
with you ! Heaven bless you ! welcome ; —
ahlan wa sahlan, ahlan wa marhaban, Wel-
come and welcome.

a (_,«S*\ Mas (v.u. 4 of u-l*>), Laughing
gently ; talking in secret, in a whisper.

a ihldk (v.n. 4 of «sUfc), Causing

to perish; destruction, ruin, perdition; —
iMdki nafs kardan, To restrain the passions,
mortify the desires.

a JSu*^ ihldl (v.n. 4 of J*), Looking at
the new moon (Midi) ; pronouncing the
word labbaika (I am obedient to thee) ; in-
voking the name of God on slaughtering
an animal,

sjj-Ia! ahlabub (in Zand and Pazand),
Heaven.

a &*>\ ahilat, Wealth, property j- ahillat

>1

( 126 )

»1

(pi. of hilal), New moons (especially on
the first nights of their appearance).

a &«lftl ahliyat, Worthiness ; skill, apti-
tude, experience.

a ahliya, A wife.

a ahamm, More or most important,
needful ; momentous ;—ahatnmi umur, The
most important things ; — ahammi Mr, An
affair of consoquence.

a JU*} ihmdl (v.n. 4 of J**), and—

a JUaI ihmdli, Letting alone, not making
use of ; negligence, carelessness, indiffe-
rence, indolence ; delay ; respite.
y+*>\ ahmar, A jackal.
dhrnand, A liar.

ahama, A piece, portion ; deficient.

U^S ahan (Z. ayanh, S. ayas), Iron ; a
sword; — dhani afsurda, A sword rusty and
blunt ; — ahan poshidan, To don one's ar-
mour, to equip oneself ; — dhani jnft (dhani
gdv), A ploughshare; — dhani sard (cold
iron), The human heart; — dhani sard
(afsurda) koftan (to beat cold iron), To
waste time ; — dhani Jcase na-kjiwurdan, Not
to submit to one's dominion or tyrrany ; —
dhani nar, Male iron or steel ; — dhani
narm. Soft iron.

yWM dhan-dshydn, A thimble.

a*Ua\ ahndma, Disgrace, ignominy ;
pomp, ostentation ; self-commendation ;
fortune ; love ; transitory, evanescent.

*<WjJ>\ dhanibdya, A yawning, a gaping.

jf dhan-bar, A robber, housebreaker.
W 1 *^ dhan-pdra, A splinter of iron.
t>*T dhan-pdya, The foot of a spit ; a

yawn.

fc?*^ dhan-pusk, Iron-clad (m.c.).

jj*>^ dhanj, A design, intention, resolu-
tion ; a commencement; (in comp.) cast-
ing, throwing, flinging, hurling ; extracting,
drawing (a sword) ; drinking, taking.

dhan-jdma, Iron bands fastened
to heavy boxes, die, to strengthen them.

oW- fcf*^ dhan-jdn, Iron-hearted ; having
a soul of iron ; tried in adversity.

yJ^V^A*^ dhanjdnidan, To cause to drink.

J^»**T dkanjad, A windlass, capstan.

£^ia>} dhanjalugh, Pressure ; pression.
dhanja, dhancha, An iron

ring ; the knocker of a door ; a weaver's
instrument for stretching and keeping tight
cloth in the loom ; a rope, by means of
which weavers fix to the wall or roof of the
workshop the extreme threads of the web,
when near finished, and too short to be
fastened to the beam.

QXs^it>\ dhanjldan, ft}-**^*? dhanchidan,
To drink ; to drag ; to fling ; to swim ; to
weigh ; to peel.

JVSli» fjB>\ ahan rfianydl, With iron claws ;
strong-handed ; powerful.

^jlite^ dhan-kkdy, A bravo ; a strong,
re»tive horse.

J-> y* 1 ! dhan-dil, Brave, fearless, in-
trepid.

J d W*^ dhan-dUi, Intrepidity, fearless-
ness.

aSj jjaT| dhan-dig, An iron cauldron.
W> dhan-rubd (iron-attracting), A

magnet.

<*SJ <^*T dhan-rag, A strong horse.
iS)) dhan-ruy, Hard ; brazen-faced.
OX) dkan-rizi, Casting of iron ; iron-
works-

^U. dhan-sdy, A file ; an iron coal-
rake.

r- t^*T dhan-mm, With iron hoof (power-
horse).

^=~V* k>*^ dhansirisht. Of iron nature,
j^i*. dkan-shikdf. Splitting or cleav-
iug iron.

a dhan-'asab, With iron tendons,

strong, powerful (a horse).

a |»J* ahan qadam, Having a foot of
iron ; firm of purpose.

W» <^*1 dhan-qabd, A coat <»f mail.

(jiXu*^ dhan-kash (attracting iron), A
magnet.

ahang, Concord, symphony, har-
mony, modulation, melody, pitch, tune;
design, institution, purpose, intention ;
canon, regulation ; rule, 1 custom, manner of
proceeding ; a row, a series ; the side (of a
cistern) ; the curve or arch of a cupola or
dome; a tether, stable, stall; haste, expedi-
tion; behold! — dhangi chit ddshtan(kar dan),
To intend to do a thing, to resolve upon ; —
dhangi hijdz, A kind of music introduced
into Persia from Arabia ; — dhangi hisdr,
Name of a musical note ; — dhangi site*
kardan, To draw up in order of battle,
to clear or make ready for an engage-
ment ; — dhang kardan, To sound, resound,
to make a noise, to cry aloud ; to sing ;
to tune an instrument ; to prepare for,
to undertake (a journey) ; — dhangi gurea
sdkhtan, To prepare for Sight ; — dirdx-
dhang, Stretching out (as a lion when going
to spring) ; — shatnshlri dtish-dhang, A
flaming aword, a sword striking fire.

jl.iJ'yj^ dhan-guzdr, What pierces iron.

£±*>\ dhangar, A blacksmith, a dealer in
iron.

iiU. j&jbf dhangar-ihdna, Iron- works
(m.c).

,j^i*>^ dhangari, Smithcraft.

dhangi, Consonance, harmony.

0a-&j^ dhangidan, To intend, design,
propost) ; to draw out, tear, pull off, peel,
or akin ; to swiin, float ; to break.

fjfi dhnil, Seeds, grains ; a scarecrow ;—
also dhnuwd, Provisions carried to

working people.

^frjijiat a'iniiltiwasht, The fourth or
lowest class, that of the artisans, instituted
by JamsheJ.

ahnawad (Z. akuwaf), Name of the

firBt of the five days added to the Persian
year, to make their twelve months, of
thirty days each, equal to a solar year.

<u»^ dkana (= i*+*B>\), An iron ring, &<?.

^j*^ dhanl, Made of iron.

a Jj**^ ahnd, More or most digestible,
wholesome.

^tW^ dhanydba, A yawning, a gaping
(see

(j-**^ ahanvti, Iron, made of iron.

tb*~> 4;^^*^ ahanin-panja, Iron-handed ;
strong, powerful, oppressive.

yi** 1 ! dhanin-jan, Inured to distress ;
cruel, unfeeling, iron-hearted.

jS^- dhanin-jigar, Cruel ; intrepid.

yU&s. (jtfi*^ ahanin-ihaftdn, An iron
cuirass.

U^-> dhanln-dosh, Strong, stout,

sturdy.

*sij uhanm-rag, A muscular horse.

W* dhanin-qabd, A coat of mail.

a fj^t>\ dhanin-kursi, An anvil.

f& u* 4 * 1 ! dhanrn-kamar, A brave warrior.

j*>^ aA.u, A vice, fault, defect, stain, spot,
villainy ; flight, escape ; an exclamation,
cry for help ; an asthma ; [ahu kardan
(giriftan, nihddan), To find fault, to blame,
to tax with a crime] ; a deer, roe, gazelle ;
any object of pursuit or chase ; a beautiful
eye ; a mistress; — dhu'i chin, The China or
musk-deer; — dhu'i jrfidna'i khdwarl. dhu'i
khvian (khutan-gard), The sun; the sove-
reign of China or Tartary ; the emperor of
of China; — dhu'i zarin, The sun ; a golden
goblet ; — dhu'i eiydh, The black antelope ; —
dhu'i 8imin, A fair-Nkinned cup-bearer ; —
dhu'i sher-afgan (the lion-subduing fawn),
The eye of a mistress ; a cup-bearer, a page ;
— ahii'i falak, The sun; — ahii'i base budan,
To be taken prisoner; — &hu guzasht, The
opportunity has slipped ; — dhu'i mdnda
{lang) giriftwn (to seize a wearied or limp-
ing doe), To oppress ; — dhu'i nar, A black
and white cloud.

a ahwd' (pi. of hawa), Loves, de-
sires, affections; — ihwa' (v.u. 4 of <jyk),
Intending; throwing; making a sign,
beckoning; holding dear.

^\ ahwdr, Astonished, amazed, stupe-
fied.

)\)*\ ahwdz, Name of a now deserted town
in Shuzistan ; name of a country.

a J\>*\ ahwdl (pi. of haul), Terrors, dan-
gers, frightful things ; — safari pur ahwdl,
A dangerous journey.

y\j*l dhwdn, A fawu ; the nape ; a miner •
a house-breaker.

4i\<f»\ ahwdnd, a\^>\ ahwdna, The first of
the five supplemental days added to the
Persian year.

^\yt>\ dhivdy, Name of a town on the
Oius.

j*\ dhu-bdn, A deer-keeper.

( 127 ) ^\

dhu-bara, A fawn
falak, The sign Aries ; the sun.

dhu-pdy,

dhu-bara'i

Swift-

\> dhu-pd,
footed ; a. house of a hexagonal form ; a
parlour to which you ascend by a winding
or spiral staircase ; the roof of a house.
a ey»\ ahwaj, Tall ; foolish, precipitate.
^Att- y*>\ dhu-chashm, With eyes like a
gazelle's.

J J dhu-dil. Timid, cowardly.

ahu-dili, Timidity, cowardice ;—
ahu-dili kardan, To be timid, to act with
timidity or cowardly.

cdt-jjyfcT dhii-doitak, Wild anise.
^y*\ ahwar, A beloved object.
<-SJJ*^ &h°ri, Mustard.
jyM dhwaa, akuiaz, Name of a celebrated
archer.

a ij*^ ahwas, Wishful, greedy,
^j-, ahu-sirin, With buttocks like a
deer's.

y»l dhu-shikam, With a belly like a

deer's.

(^SjtiS dhugdn (pi, of ahu), Fawns.
Jy*^ dhul, A subterraneous passage.
a Jy*^ ahwal, More or most terrible.
&SZ* dhu-mdda, A doe, bind, gazelle,
roe.

yyfc\ dhun, ahun, A cavern, grotto, pit,
mine, or any subterraneous place ; a hole
in a wall, especially one made by a house-
breaker ; a house-breaker.

yfi}b\ dhun-bar, A house- breaker; a miner;
a well-digger.

&\& dhu-nvgdh, With a gLince like a
gazelle's.

8jj yt>\ dhu-wara (for 6y A fawn,
^y*! dhuwi, Belonging to a fawn ; fawn-
like.

jtjjM ahwa, Dearer, more agreeable.

a £»yi\ ahwiyat, ahwiyah (pi. of hawd'),
Airs, atmospheres.

i_5>.y»^ dhu'i, Terror, fright ; vice, fault,
blemish ; escape.

^jft^ dhi (in Zand and Pazand), A fawn.

aiitti] dhiydna, ahydna, The skull ;

the throat ; the palate ; one side of the
head.

(jjj^fcj^i dhe/cMan, To draw (a sword) ; to
educate ; to intend ; to bang, suspend.

Aisi^ dhekkta, Extracted ; educated ; in-
tended ; hung, suspended.

jujS dJ^t-efc't dhekJita-gogh, With ears erect
(horse).

jU aa£«a\ ahekhta-hdr, With outstretched
neck.

yeA\ ahez, Modestly ; softly ! stop ! halt !
a <j~s*>\ ahyas, Bold, strenuous, unshrink-
ing.

dhin, Iron.
j\ ay (imper. of dtnadan), Come ; (in
comp.) coming; a comer.

ay, e, O ! ho ! hallo ! namely, that is to
say ; (for this.

l|T ( 128 ) y^l

Vfl aya, Whether or not? is it not? may
be, perhaps, perhance, possibly ; a particle
of interrogation, as aya zaid iatdda ati yd
'amr, Is Zayd or Amr standing (there) ? —
ayd mid injd nist, Is not Zayd here '< now
used in the sense of jS^» magar, q.v. : other-
wise ; if it. is not so, then . . . ; in that case.

b\ aya, Ho ! hark ye ! ah ! alas \

A ^ aya, O! ho! hallo \ —iya', Light,
brightness.

a s- 1 ^ I'db (v.n. 4 of v*\j), Outraging
decency, putting to the blush ; — iydb (v.n.
4 of s->^), Returning.

a aiydb, A water-seller ; a cup-

bearer.

a ay a t (pi. of ayat), Signs, miracles ;
verses of the Kur'an dyati muiashdbihdt,
Verses which may be variously interpreted;
— dydti muhkamdt, Incontrovertible, unam-
biguous verses.

a M iydd, Mounds of clay or earth
raised round tents, houses, or cisterns, to
keep out, or hold in, water; the right or
left wing of an army (both wings are called
y^V^ iydddni) ; a hill or large heap (of
sund) ; a great number of camels.

a ^\>\ ayddi (pi. of yad), Hands; fa-
vours, benefits.

aydr, Computation.

a_>^ iydr, Air, atmosphere.

sr )\>\ ayydr, The third Syro-Macedoniau
spring month, May.

a iydrij, An aperient medicine.

8JjU\ iydrida, aydrda, A commentary on
the Zand, and called Pazand.

ftS aydr-gir, An accountant.

SjU\ aydr a, A bracelet ; a laxative medi-
cine ; a register, an account-hook ; quan-
tity ; space ; number ; measure.

ysS tjv} aydra-gir, A scribe, an accoun-
tant.

)\>) dydz, aydss, Name of a favourite of
Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznah ; name of
one of the Emirs of Sultan Ibrahim bin
MaB'iid bin Mahmud Qhaznawi.

tS;^ aydzi, A woman's black veil.

ayds (for j^), Name of a favourite
of Mahmud the Gaznawi.

A iyds (v.n. of y^), Despairing.

fy\>) iydsaram, The fourth period con-
sisting of thirty days, in which the trees
were created (according to ancient Persian
cosmogony).

aydsa, Desire, wish ; a ring ; a hook.

,_j-.l>\ aydsi, A sort of woman's veil.

Li j« ^ ayd sofiyd, Mosque of Saint
Sophia (m.c).

£Wl dydgh, A mark produced by branding.

£V>^ aydgk, aydq, A cup, a drinking-
vessel ;^aydgh zadan (Icashidan), To quaff
a cup.

Wlafcfc^ aydgh-khdiia, A wine-house, a
tavern.

a iydlat (v.n. of J^), Governing,

administering ; government, dominion ;
canton (m.c.) ; — iydlat Jcardan, To govern ;
— husni iydlat, Good government.
fW\ dydm, A root; (for f\$) a debt.
a aiydm (pi. of yaum), Days, times,
seasons ; weather ; space of time, period ;
duration, term ; menses, courses ; — aiydmi
bdhur, The dog-days ; — aiydmi buqalamun,
Changeable times, untoward circumstances ;
— aiydmi thddi, Holidays allowed at a mar-
riage ; — aiydmi 'ashar, The ten days' festi-
val at the Muharram ; — aiydmi ma'dudai,
Three days after slaying the sacrifices at
Mecca ; — aiydmi ma'lUmdt, The first ten
days of Zu '1-hajjah.

a aiydmi, Of time ; for a long

time ; durable

a aydmd (pi. of aiyim), Widowers ;
unmarried men.

ay an (for dyanda, as ratodn for
rawanda), One who comes, a comer ; any-
thing that presents itself readily to the
mind or comes easily to hand ; (pi. of ay)
comers.

A (M aiydna, iydna, When f
a ibd' (v.n. 4 of "**)), Making a sign,
pointing witn the fmger; beckoning for one
to approach (imd being the word used
when one is beckoned to retire).

a ibdsh (v.n. 4 of ur-^j), Causing to
grow ; producing.

a u»Wj^ ibds (v.n. 4 of <j*)), Abounding
with herbage (grounds) ; producing flame,
beginning to burn (fire).

aibad, A spark of fire.
ebak, An idol ; — aibak, Name of a
village in Badakhshan.

a tyi ayat, A mark, a sign ; a miracle ; a
verse of the Qur'an; (met.) an accom-
plished master ;— dyati mutlaq, Mark, stop,
compulsory pause in the Qur'an ; — dyati
maqsud, The verse of purpose or intent
(Kor. iv. 62, enjoining obedience to God,
the apostle, and those invested with autho-
rity).

a Udr (v.n. 4 of yj), Repeating the
prayer called witr ; stringing a bow ;
making an even number an odd one (witr
or watr).

a f\xt\ aitdm (pi. of yatim), Orphans ;
having lost its dam ; incomparable (pearl,
Ac). "

itibd, Enjoyment, delight, pleasant
converse.

a )\jz>.\ itizdr (v.n. 8 of $), Putting on
the garment called izdr.

y&i) Ugaz, Name of a Icing of Xharizmia .

tj-^ii^ etgin, A householder, proprietor.

(jie^l etgini, Ownership, rightful pos-
session.

a itildf (v.n. 8 of .-All), Cultiva-

ting friendship ; friendship, familiarity,-
company, society ; joining, putting to-
gether ; connection ; correspondence.

( 129 )

J*'

A itimar (v.n. 8 of Consulting ;
making preparation ; submitting, obeying
commands.

a pWl ttimdm (v.n. 8 of Jtf), Taking for
guide, model, or example ; following, imi-
tating.

a (vjUj«1 Uiman (v.n. 8 of tr*')> Trusting,
confiding, relying.

A. iJusi\ itinaf (v.n. 8 of Begin-
ning any thing anew ; beginning, commence-
ment.

•u^ Hand, An uncertain sum or number.

dyiS ituk, Happy news, good tidings.

a isdr (v.n. of /t), Preferring,
choosing ; presenting, bestowing, offering ;
diffusing.

J^.fzpi isdr-bakhsh, A title of Hiishang.
A jttjt Haq (v.n. 4 of »jK))> Binding,
tying fast.

a g*' V (* or ***^ *S0» Name of a coun-
try in Persia..

ya (for injd), Here, this place.

a yai (v.n. 4 of Rendering
necessary ; affirmation (in Logic, opp. to
privation) ; assent ; first proposal in nego-
tiating a bargain ; — ijdb ad, It is requisite
or necBssary, it behoves ; — ijdb kardan, To
render necessary, to cause to be done ; to
exact or demand performance ; — ■ ijdb u
qcibiil, Proposal and acceptance.

a ijabi, Affirmative.

a ^W;\ ijad (v.n. 4 of Giving an

existence ; creation, production ; invention,
contrivance ; making rich and happy ; —
ijad numudan, To relate ; to improvise
(m.c).

a jW ija* (v.n. 4 of y*j), Abridging,
curtailing, epitomizing ; abridgment, ab-
breviation ,• summary, epitome.

a 4rtjWi\ yj&xfina, Compendiously, by way
of abridgment.

A (j*^ ija» (v.n. 4 of Conceiving
(as fear, &c).

a ij&' (v.n. 4 of &■)), Giving pain.

a >JWJ ijdf (v.n. 4 of <-**■)), Fading.

tfrz\ iju, =z f+rH\ inju, q.v.

^jS ech (for hech), Any.

e>.^\ ech-d-ech, The continual round of
the wine-cup.

a J^^-J ihash (v.n. 4 of y**^), Eendering
desolate ; grieving ; being without provi-
sions.

a ikhdeh (v.n. 4 of Be-

coming worthless and despised ; replacing
the arrows into the quiver.

Ikhan, Name of a country in Turk-

istan.

us~t*:\ ayukhshut, Bits of divers sorts of
metals, as gold or silver.

A *i\ aid (v.n.), Being strong and firm ;
strength, power, vigour, hardness.

a £\±>\ idd' (v.n. 4 of £•>}), Intrusting
and confiding (a secret) ; depositing, giving
in deposit.

J)tj<' aiddwul, Name of a mountain.
idar, Now ; here, in this place ; be-
hold!

idrd, Now ; here.
vSjAt' idari, Belonging to this place.

aida', Dragon's blood.
•V»Ua>1 idamdmid, Name of a medicinal
tree.

idand, Any number from three to

ten.

ty-i^ aidun, Idun, Thus, in this manner ;
now.

dyda, Oozing, humidity.
a 45^1 aidi (pi. of yad), Hands ; favours,
benefits.

aidi, Also (apparently misreading
for ^1).

a o^jjf izd' (v.n. 4 of <j»M), Oppressing,
injuring, afflicting ; pain, inconvenience,
injury; annoyance, vexation, molestation;
trouble, distress.

a izd-dih, One who annoys, molests.

a ^AUbSlii} izd-dihandi, The occasioning
of annoyance, injury, &c.

a (jUjlj^ izd-rasdn, One who annoys,
molests, &c.

a ^L^ii^ iza-ras&ni, The causing of
annoyance, injury, &c.

a ylifl i'zdn (v.n. 4 of ^j-H), Proclaim-
ing; summoning to prayer ; striking upon
the ear; prohibiting, hindering, denying
access, secluding, precluding ; causing sur-
prise ; giving pleasure.

a g-iit aizaj, Name of a town in Kurd-
istan.

<$)Si\ Izun, Thus, in this manner.

p dyir, ir, A kind of itchy eruption on
the body, whose pustules are larger than
measles or small-pox.

A jt\ air, ir, Veretrum ; hot (east) wind ;
north wind.

ird (for in-rd, after the analogy of
ehird, &c.), Since, therefore, because.

a ird (v.n. 4 of tsj>)» Striking fire.

a irdd (v.n. 4 of >>;;), Bringing proof,
adducing, alleging; objection, protest.

a fj*\ji\ irde (v.n. 4 of ^)), Turning
yellow (leaves of a tree) ; producing great
quantities of the plant ware, used for dye-
ing purposes.

«J\^ Irdf, Name of the father of Arda,
whom the fire-worshippers revere as a pro-
phet.

a j,\j>\ irdq (v.n. 4 of Producing
leaves (a tree).

Irak (= iZ\ji)urd lei), Because that.
irdl, Circumference, circuit ; round,
round about.

0)\)t\ Iran, The kingdom of Persia proper,
said to be named after Iraj, son of Faridiin,
to whom this part of his father's domi-
nions was given (comp., however, Z. airya
and S. drya) ; Hoshang son of Siyamak.

j^fc g\jt\ Iran shahr, A name of Nishabur.

Jll ( 1

Irani, A native of Iran ; a Persian.

6^ vraj, eraj, The sun ; name of the
youngest son of Faridun ; name of a king
of Babylon.

W\ irsd (G. tpts), The rainbow; the root
of the iris.

QrfS vrmn (G. Wpi£ov), Talc.

q \*mjfr ireiyd, The rainbow ; the root of
the iris.

» irqan, A species of privet.
a *sSjj\ irg (in Zand and Pazand, pi. Irgdn),
A man.

e>Uj^ irmdn, Repentance, contrition ;
wish ; a sigh ; an uninvited guest ; a para-
site ; a loan.

&IU. yUyl irmdn-lthdna, =s (j\^> y^*^ q.v.

j)** irmam-M«0!w, Desirous, hankering.

(j^-jUji^ irmdn-mrdy, A hired house j
the abode of the beloved ; the house of
BighB or regret ; the present world.

ttyll Irun, Sulphur,

iri (in Zand and Pazand), A man ;
manliness, bravery.

*j\yl\ vtdra, A screen, low wall before a
house; any support for one's back when
sitting down.

^'jlS i»dri, A handkerchief ; a towel, nap-
kin.

&\yft tedn, Name of the 80th day of the
month (see t>^).

<>>i^ ieid, ezid, God ; an angel (pi. tssidan).

»U$ jp\ izid-panah, Who enjoys divine
protection ; who takes refuge with God.

^AV ^ ixid-tardsh, What has been
carved into (the image of) a god,

,y\«J ojj^ Ddd-ta'aXa, God Almighty.
~~%S ojj\ izid^gashasb, Worshipper of
God ; name of an Amir of King Bahrain
chobin.

ixidi, Anything bestowed for God's
sake ; whatever is given as one's due ; gift,
present.

j^yt ezgJiunj, A sack, a bag.

yS dyieh, >±)j^ dyizhak, exhale, A spark
of fire.

A <*i» (v.n.), Despairing ; name of a
man proverbial for his wickedness.

V~t' ltd, Now, already ; a proper name ;
name of a book revealed from heaven to
Abraham.

fcW^ Udk& (v.n. 4 of 4-j), Dirtying, soil-
ing (of a dress).

a jL~t\ Uar (v.n. 4 of /~i), Being opulent;
wealth.

A $ isd' (v.n. 4 of Enlarging,
widening, making large and wide ; being ox
becoming powerful, able, or affluent ; giving
power or wealth.

istd (from istddan), Standing.

(J S'jlxwi\ ist&dagi, Stability, steadiness,
Btillness ; — Utddcigt'i bad, A calm.

(;jjU«-j\ istddan, To stand, stop, stay, re-
main, tarry, wait for; — bdz ietddan, To
stand back, desist.

) tf»

istada, Standing.

(j.tf\jw^ istdndan, To make rise or stand
up ; to rouse, stir ; to erect, fix, place, con-
stitute, appoint.

y^ibu-if istdnidan, To make stand, esta-
blish.

tf*tx~ t \ istidan, To stand ; to begin, Bet
about.

s. u a ^ istlda, Standing.

a aiear, Left ; the left hand ; easier,
easiest ; the most moderate ; more fortu-
nate ; — aisari aiydm, Prosperous times ; a
fair wind.

j— aisu, Name of a country.

cri^ eeh, A spy, a scout.

Ishd (for ishdn or eskdn), They.

Ishdn, eshdn, They (rational

beings).

w UUj\ eshdndn (further pi. of the pre-
ceding), They.

iiUijil lihdna, A brood of young chickens.
dyishtana, dyishta, A flatterer ;
a spy, scout.

l***} dyiehm (in Zand and Pazand), Moon-
light.

AA"*^ dyishna, <Wstf dyisha, A flatterer ; a
spy, scout.

esha, A thicket, brake ; a spy ; a
flatterer.

fe&id l-shahrydr, Name of the thirtieth
day of the month according to the era of
Jalalu 'd-din.

eshl, A lady, a matron.
T <j*-W jj-W ts^i^ uhik aghdsi baste,
Chief usher (m.c).

ishlm. The leather breeches of
wrestlers.

a isd' (v.n. 4 of ^j), Admonishing,
counselling, ordering, charging, command-
ing ; making a will or testament.

A <i^\ isdd (v.n. 4 of a«j), Shutting (a
door) ; placing a veil or curtain over any-
thing.

a Jt^ isdl (v.n. 4 of J*j), Causing to
arrive, conveying.

a ai? (v.n.), Becoming, undergoing a
change; returning.

a "Uj\ aizan, As above, as before, in the
same manner ; ditto ; again, anew, afiesh ;
also, likewise.

a i?dk (v.n. 4 of c*)), Making evi-
dent, rendering clear ; explanation, exposi-
tion, elucidation.

a izdhan, Clearly, evidently.

a (v.n. 4 of g*j), Spurring or

urging (a horse or camel) to a quicker pace ;
suffering loss (in merchandise) ; rendering
weak and contemptible ; entering.

a «U=jtf ltd' (v.n. <^), Causing to be
trampled upon ; repeating the rhyme of a
verse.

a i'dd (v.n. 4 of J^), Promising ;

threatening, terrifying ; being terrified.
a i'dz (v.n. 4 of jCj), Making a

( 131 )

signal, beckoning ; commanding ; coming
forward.

A igk&r (v.n. 4 of fy), Putting iD a
rage, inflaming with anger ; making (water)
boil ; becoming security for a tribute or
tax ; exacting such ; granting land free
from tribute or tax.

s-**l\ ig&uda, aighuda, A silly, prating
coxcomb.

t j*t\ aijfhir, A stallion.

t aijfMri, Copulation ; — bor-aighiri

dar dmadan, To copulate.

_y**1 ighur, Igura, a country inhabited by
oriental Turks or Scythians, the eastern
extremity of which extends to China.

A »W\ if a* (v.n. 4 of Paying, satis-
fying ; performing a promise, fulfilling an
engagement, keeping faith ; being near, at
the point of, impending ; — ifd'i mwraiimi
saddqat, Observing the laws of truth.

a jt\tt\ ifdz (v.n. 4 of u**}), Urging on,
hastening ; causing to rise.

a ^ if a* (v.n. 4 of gAj), Being tall (a
youth) ; reaching manhood, entering on his
twentieth year.

« tfdgk, ifdq, An informer, a
Bycophant,

a jUil ifdq (v.n. 4 of Jfij), Assenting,
agreeing; speaking to one's liking.

****t\ dyift, dyuft, A wish, request ; neces-
sity, need.

ifuda, A silly, prating coxcomb ; a
boaster.

a -Alt\ iqdd (v.n. 4 of a*)), Lighting,
kindling, inflaming; — Iq&dind'ira'ijang, A
kindling of the flames of war.

A iqdr (v.n, 4 of Loading
heavily.

a iqds (v.n. 4 of ya*)), Making one
short-necked.

A Mfljt aiq&$ (pi. of yaqiz), "Watchful,
provident; — iqd2 (v.n. 4 of I**), Awaking,
raising, stirring up, exciting; drawing
attention to.

£W iqa', An informer, a sycophant.

a $Jt\ iqa' (v.n. 4 of £»>), Casting,
throwing into battle ,* fighting furiously ;
making a night-attack ; making harmonic
cadences (a singer) ; containing water (a
garden) .

JUfel tqal, An informer, a sycophant.

a iqdn (v.n. 4 of Being sure,

knowing for certain.

a Q<fii\ Iqun, A fetid rose.

<j &y|jt aigunat, An image, a picture.

<*k\ iJe, A spark of fire.

a «t\it aik (v.n.), Thick entangled trees ;
a forest.

A JUs»t fkdl (v.n. 4 of Jil), Giving or
offering anything to eat ; cavilling ; creating
animosities by detraction ; empowering one
against another.

oisjt ig, Name of a country in Persia.

fci^it ig-bdwan, Name of a religious
book of the fire- worshippers.

jQl aigar (G. a«opov), Sweet cane.

yjU tsXj^ ig-mddan, Another reading
(perhaps misreading) of **£t\ q.v.

t Jii ll (pi. Uat), A tribe (especially
nomadic).

a Jut el, God ; name of a mountain.

a Jit iyal, aiyil, uyyal, Stag ; deer, hart,
wild- goat.

h\ lid, Name of a champion in Afrasiab's
army.

A »M Ud' (v,n. 4 of jtt), Swearing; —
(v.n. 4 of (jJj), Appointing to a govern-
ment, setting over; charging, giving com-
mand ; causing to follow, subjoining ;
conferring a favour, giving ; bringing or
placing near.

a £h\ Ud' (v.n. 4 of gSj), Inspiring with
violent desire, enslaving with passion.

a J!M lldf (v.n. 4 of <-*H), Rendering
familiar, accustoming, habituating ; using
to; making, completing, or becoming a
thousand (alf) ; giving a thousand.

jM aildq, Name of the capital of Khata
and Ighiir ; name of a tree; a summer resi-
dence,

A (&t\ ildm (v.n. 4 of fft), Afflictiug,
tormenting, paining ; — (v.n. 4 of fti } not in
use), Preparing a nuptial entertainment or
banquet.

yyW Hat/ma (Q. eLVtos), Iliac passion (a
fatal kind of colic).

Jj^i\ ail&wil, Name of a mountain.

t ,j^iS ilehl, An envoy; — llehi kdbir,
Ambassador (m.c).

yVsili\ il-khan, A commander ; a title of
the Mogul emperors.

uJW^ llkhani, Belonging or referring to
an Ilkhan ; the leader of an army.

t l _ s afcy ilkhi. A herd of horses j stud
(for breeding horses, m.c).

«\jJ<\ elddna, The lesser cardamom.

t iljf&dr, An expedition.

i Jbi\ ilqi, A herd of horses.

<dk\ ailak, llak, Name of a city in Turk-
istan ; name of a king of Yaghma (Turk-
istan).

Q\&t\ ailakdn, Belonging to the city of
Ailak ; another form of the name of King
Ailak.

J^l) aylul, The twelfth month of the
Syrian or Chaldean calender, answering to
October.

iit\ ila, Elah on the Red Sea.

t iJiS ill, ell, Servitude, submission, sub-
missiveness.

a »y<\ iliyd', Iliya', Blia, Jerusalem j
Elias.

ttfltW ilydyin, Jerusalem.

Uiydyuhan, Name of the prophet

Khizr.

a pt\ aim (v.n.), Being bereaved, left
a widow or widower; — aiyim. Widows,

( 132 )

serpent particularly

widowers ; — im, A
slender and white.

(•j' im, A widower; — im, em, We are.
Ui\ ima, We, us, our ; — imdra, To us.
a <A*jl ima' (v.n. 4 of Nodding,
beckoning ; a nod, sign, signal ; allusion,
suggestion, hint, innuendo ; emblem ;
symptom ; — ima kardan, ima u ishdrat kar-
dan, To make a sign with the head or
hand ; to nod, beckon.

A (jAUjI ima? (v.n. 4 of \J*» } ), Shining,
glancing slightly (lightning) ; stealing a
look at a man, making him a private
signal (a woman) .

imdq (v.n. 4 of Showing love ;
amorous glance.

a *1M f^, aimu'Udh, By God !
a yW^ aiman (pi. of yamin), Right
hands or sides ; oaths (because, in swear-
ing, one man touched the other upon the
right hand) ; (ai-rndni shiddd kardan, To
swear much, vehemently, roundly) ; — imdn
(v.n. 4 of <&"\), Crediting, acknowledging
as true, believing ; faith, belief, religion ;
conscience ; good faith, trustworthiness,
integrity ; (imdni bdfil, Superstition ; —
imdn ddshtan, To believe, to give credit).
a j\ j imdn-ddr, Faithful ; a believer.
J^t*i\ imbdr (for^W^l in bar), This time.
I. jJc\jmh\ impardfur, Emperor.
A &*>t a'immat, a'imma (pi. of imam),
Imams, saints, &c. ; — nazri a'imma, A
grant to attendants at a saint's tomb.

aimad, A ploughshare; a plough.
aimar, imar, A coulter, a plough-
share,

a aiman, More or most happy, for-
tunate, illustrious, august.

eman (A. dmin), Free, secure ;
—eman shudan (nishastan), To enjoy
security ; to be in safety.

j^Tj i ^>\ aiman-dbdd, A place of security.

a &U\ t$*t\ aimanu 'lldh, imanu 'lldh, By
God!

a aimani, emini, Security, protec-

tion, happiness.

aima, Now, this moment ; vain,
futile; — ima, This; thus, so.

a aima, ayimma, Land given as a
reward or favour by the king, at a very
low rent, a fief (when no rent is paid the
land is called 3 la Jtharaj, Allodial) ;
charity lands.

a j\j &*>\ aima-ddr, One who holds lands
in aima, a feoffee, an occupier of charity
lands.

a «jju <Ui\ aima-madad, A particular
tenure (of free land).

a aima-mauza', A village given

as a charitable endowment to a meritorious
person.

aimid, Twins ; ploughing-oxen.
&t,*i\ imin, A plough ; a team ; free from
care.

dyan (for dhan), Iron ; — ay in (for
dyin), Rite, custom.

a aiii (v.n.), Arriving (time) ;

fatigue ; fit or proper time ; — aina, Where ?

y*t in (Z. acm, S. ayam), This, the de-
monstrative pronoun for the nearer object;
doubt ; irresolution ; the former is used in
the following metaphorical expressions : —
in abgtln pul, in bargdh, The heavenly
sphere ; — in bdgh, The world ; — in parda, in
parda'i nilgun, The heavenly sphere ; — in
parda'i dir-sdl, in parda'i haft-rang, The
heavenly sphere ; time, fortune, fate (the
latter idiom also the world) ; — in pushti hut,
The heavenly sphere ; — in panj ganj, in panj
ganji bdd-awarda, The five senses ; — in pir,
in pir-mn, The heavenly sphere; — inturki
sultan shukoh, The sun ; — in tang-nisheman
nihang ; — -The world ; — in chdh, in hisni
hazdr me&h, The heavenly sphere ; - in khaki
tdrik (tira),The human body ; — in khdk~giin,
The heavenly sphere ; — in khumi dhan-gun,
in ddm-gdh, The world ; — in dd'ira'i dirpdy,
in dizhi rw'in, The heavenly sphere ; — in du
kf^wdhar. Two stars called by the Arabs the
Two Sisters of Canopus ; — in du rang, Day
and night ; also other opposites, as ]'oy and
sorrow, good and evil, king and beggar,
&c. ; — in du zangi u rami, Day and night;
youth and old age ; — in du sih cMz, The
heavenly spheres or orbits ; — in du sih wirdna
dth, The seven climates; — in da kula-ddr,
Sun and moon ; — In du manzil, This world
and the world hereafter ; — in dihi wlrdn
(dewdn), in dihi wirdna, The world; the
latter also the bodily frame of the ascetics ;
— in ruz-raftagdn, The unfortunate, the
afflicted ; — in rum u habash, Day and night ;
white and black ; the face aud hair ; —in zdl
abru, The sky or heaven ; — in ttdli mvsta-
khdssa ('aqim), The world ; — in sdda dasht.
The human world {sdda, i.e. plain or un-
adorned, because real existence is not found
in it) ; the heaven of this world (as void of
stars, which move in the eighth heaven) ;
- — in sabei tasht (td'us), The heavenly
sphere ; — in stitam-kada-, The world ; —
in sih jauhar, The three kingdoms of
nature — animal, mineral, and vegetable ; —
in sih sitdr, in sih dukMar, Three stars in the
Bear called by the Arabs banatu 'n-na'sh;
— in sail-gdh, The world ; — in shdhidi rukh-
zard, The sun ; yellow wine ; — in shash-dar,
the world ; — in sham'i yahudi-wash, Yellow
wine (yellow being the badge of the Jews) ;
— in tdram, The heaven of this world ; — in
tdqi nilufari, The sphere of the moon ; — in
tabaqdt, The heavenly spheres, the celestial
orbits ; — in talal, This world or its heaven ;
—in 'iddat-ddr, A jar or cask that has not
yet been opened and drunk from (see
j\j ii>jic) ; — In 'arus, A weasel ; — in qabd'i
mulamma', The heaven of this world ; the
eighth heaven ; — in qala'i kahrubd-giin, in

J ( 183 ) ^1

k&r-khdna, In kdr-gdh, The world ; — in hdsa,
The heavenly sphere ; the earth ; — in habud
hisdr, in kabudwash, The first heaven ; — in
Intra 1 i wakm-snx, The heavenly sphere; — in
Jca'batain bi-nagsh, Sun and moon ; — in
Meka'i bdetan. The world ; — in Mn-pusht,
The heavenly sphere ; — in kiihi haftdd-rah,
The sun ; — In Tcuyi h.aftad-rdh, The world ;
— in kuhan (hahwt) gurg, The heavenly
sphere ; a sagacious man ; — in leuhna tdq,
The heavenly sphere; — in lu'dbi la'l, The
shining gun ; — in madar, The earth (see A.

■~in nishemani tang, The world ; — in
nuqra-girdn, Those given to worldly pur-
suits ; wine-drinkers ; courtesans ; ascetics,
monks ; — in nuh, The nine heavens ,■ the
nine orifices of the human body ; — in nuh
sahifa, The nine heavens ; — in nihang, The
world ; the heavenly sphere ; — in u an,
This (thing or person) and that ; this
world and the world hereafter ; — in haft
rawaq (aurdq), The seven (planetary)
heavenB ; — in haft jazira, The seven cli-
mates ; — in haft kkum, in haft sahifa, The
seven (planetary) heavens ; — In haft nuqta,
The seven planets ; — in haft (hasht) kula-
ddr, The heavenly sphereH ; — in-yatim, The
Bun.

a \&>b±\ inds (v.n. 4 of Being
brought to bed of a girl (unsa), bearing a
female.

a yli^ lnds (v.n. 4 of <j>^V) , Rendering
familiar or sociable ; familiarity ; knowing ;
seeing, perceiving, looking ; hearing.

a £S>i\ m&' (v.n. 4 of Coming to
maturity, ripening.

T jUj\ indq, A king's most intimate coun-
sellor ; bravo ! well done !

inak (for «tU>\ inak), Behold !

yW.^ indn (pi. of in), These.

w*yW^ indnusht, Dragon's wort, tarragon,

_>W~>\ imbdr (in bar). This time.

a dyinatan, Oftentimes, frequently.
dyunt, = cs-4s^ q.v., for which it is
probably a misreading.

<^>\ inat, Take this ; bravo ! well done !

l*-i>! inja, This place ; here ; — az injd,
Hence ; — az injdst, Here or hence it is.

s->>^^ in jamb, This side, this part.

tjfW-ml injd'i, Of or belonging to this
place ; the state of being here, " hereness."

y**>\ inju, A royal domain.

yj^tjj injidan, To crumble bread ; to
eat or destroy (as a moth) ; to irritate,
vex ; to be cleft ; to wound.

j^y*^ in-ehdr (those four), The elements.

yi^ll inchunin, <vjl~ ( ^ t A.^ii) in chunin-
sdn, Thus, so, in this manner.

inad, Numeration ; an uncertain
number ; any part of an unknown number ;
fascination, enchantment, charm.

yVfj^J dyandagdn (pi. of the following),
Living beings.

tjoi] ayanda, Coming ; ensuing, next ; a |

comer or guest ; — ayanda u rawanda, Going
and coming, travellers, passengers.

in-rd b&sh, Look at that ! (in.c.)
*«~^ insd, Futile, idle (talk).

inast, This is.
iS inast hi, This is why (m.c).

insii, Hither.

inasa. Bound, hard to unloose ;

frozen.

a t_i^i\ in-taraf, This side.

inaft, A petition ; need, want.
a jJ&>i\ in-qadar, This much.

inak, Behold ! lo ! now ; {inah tarS&u,
Behold the balance : come to the proof) ; —
inuh, A pimple, pustule.
u^Xiil inakat, Behold thee !

inakam, Behold me !
,**£o! Inakvm, Behold us !
£n\ ingar, Vermilion,
U^t ainama, Wherever, everywhere,
a Jy'*», :; \ in-ma'na, This meaning, this
cause.

ajuj\ inand, So much, so many ; a strange
word ; a thing spoken in doubt, opinion, or
conjecture; any number from three to
nine ; (for in and) they are.

foft dyina, A mirror, a looking-glass,
sometimes made of polished steel ; plate-
glass (m.c.) ; — dyina'i dsmdn, the sun ; —
dyina'i iskandari, A mirror made by Aris-
totle and placed on the summit of a tower
erected by Alexander at Alexandria; the
sun ; — dyina'i ba-pesh (dar pesh) ddshtan,
dyina'i peshi nafas (lab) girifian, dyina'i
peshi dam dwardan, To test by a niirror
whether life is extinguished in a body or
not ; — dyina'i ba-khdkistar parddkMan
(kashidan), To brighten or polish a mirror
with ashes ; — dyina'i badan-numa (jama-
numa, qad-numd), A full-sized mirror; a
cheval-glass (m.c.) ; — dyina'i bastan dsmdn,
The sun rises in the sky ; — dyina'i pil, Steel
mirrors on the armour of an elephant ; an
elephant's bell ; — dyina'i charkh (khdwari),
The sun ; — dyina'i chini, A mirror made of
polished metal (sometimes employed for
medical purposes) ; — dyina'i Jchakiydn, The
Creator; Adam ; the human heart ; — dyina'i
dast (fath), A hand- or pocket-mirror ;
(met.) a sword ; — dyina'i du-rH, A plate-
glass ; — dyina'i duvdr, A mirror placed on
or let into the wall; — dyina'i zdnu, The knee-
pan ; — dyina'i zarin, The sun ; — dyina'i
sang, A crystal mirror ; — dyina'i shash-jihat
(the six- faced mirror). The heart of Mu-
hammad ; the sleepers in the cave ; the in-
habitants of the invisible world ; visions,
revelations; — dyina'i td'us, The variegated
plumage of a peacock's wings and tail ; —
dyina'i tal'ati darwlshdn, The heart or face
of the dervishes ; — dyina'i garddn, The sun ;
— dyina'i girifta, A dimmed mirror ; — dyina'i
mihraU, A mirror iu the shape of a prayer-
niche ; — dyina'i mahahar, The mirror (as it

^ ( 1

were) held, on the Day of Judgment, before
mankind, showing their good and evil deeds ;
— ayina'i maqsud, Name of the Coranic verse
(iv. 62) which enjoins obedience towards
God, the apostle, and those in authority ; —
ayina'i haft-josh, The sun ; a metallic mirror j
— dyina' iyumfdwi binish (manish), The sun.

^ft inhd (pi. of In), These.

^\ toft dyina-afroz,j\^ toft dyina-parddz,

ts\>H wyina-flray, A polisher of

mirrors, a furbisher.

s-^ toft dyina-tab, Brilliant as a mirror
(applied to a sword).

jtU. toft dyina k^afir, Pure-minded.

Jo toft ayina-dil, Pure-hearted.

toft dyina-dar, The mirror-holder, a
male or female attendant on the great in
the EaBt ; a barber, a hair-dresser.

toft dyina-ddn, A case for a looking.

glass.

jL-ij toft dyina-rukhsar, jj toft dyina-.ru,,
Of a bright face or aspect.

toft ayina-zar, A place abounding in
mirrors.

toft dyina-zuddy, A polisher of mir-
rors.

(jjU aft ayina-sdzi, Plate-glass manufac-
tory (m.c).

ifft inhasa, Fast, hard to unloose ;
frozen.

W~ toft dyina-glma, — % toft q.v.

ijft dyina-ta'b, Of a bright disposition.
ta-«lt toft dyina-tal'at, Of a bright aspect,
cs^et toft dyinu-ttnat, Of a bright disposi-
tion.

toft dyina~furoz, A furbisher.

p&ft in-ham, This also (m.c).

toft dyina-kari, Manufactory of
mirrors and plate-glass (m.c.) ; decorative
mirrors (m.c).

J** toft dyina-mahal, A glazed house ; a
room hung round about with mirrors.

t-t&ft in-hama, All this ; — in-hama dwarda'i
tust, All this comes of you ; all this is owing
to you.

toft ayina-numay, A barber, hair-
dresser, cupper.

^yfc toft, dyina-hosh, Of a bright intellect,
clear-headed.

aim, Complaint, lamentation, wail-
ing.

a Ajft iwd' (v.n. 4 of Receiving
hospitably.

ewar, The evening ; — ewdr kardan,
To travel late in the evening.

y\jft etcdz, ij\j>} ewdza, Adorned, decorated.

m (j)li\jit\ IwagMdn, A king's minister of a
high degree.

(£jft aiwan, A sofa; a portico, open gallery,
verandah, balcony on the top of the house,
for the benefit of the prospect and fresh
air ; a palace ; — aiwdni zarkdri (sinidbi), The
heavens ; — aiwdni mah, The sphere of the
moon ; the heaven of this world.

34 ) ^

u^V^ aiwdnit, Name of a city of the
Franks wherein is a church. Every year
at the time the sun enters Capricorn many
starlings arrive, each bearing an olive in its
beak, which they drop in the church, and
which suffice the inhabitants of the place
a whole year. There is not an olive-tree
within a hundred leagues of the spot.

jV° fc>V^ aiwdn-tardz, Adorning the
palace, &c.

aywdh, Fie ! pooh ! alas !
<j» at way, Alas ! woe ! (m.c).
aiy-ub, Job.

8)j>1 ewar a, Adorned.

)jft eivaz, &)jft ewaza, Adorned, decorated.

(fjft ayumin (in Zand andPazand), The
eye.

*ft ih (interjection of blame), Fie 1
shame ! (m.c.) ; — aiyah, A vulture.
aihd, Leisure, rest, quiet.

A \<tt\ aiyuhd, 0!

a )hdm (v.n. 4 of p*)), Causing a
blunder, deceiving, misleading, puzzling ;
exciting suspicion; omission, neglect; am-
biguity, amphibology ; insinuation.

a y^tft than (v.n. 4 of t>*j), Enervating,
debilitating.

yU^l aihuqdn, The herb rocket.

yWal dyiydn, = \ft q.v.

yJ*aT dyidan, To come.

jift dylr, = j ft q.v.

ytft dyixh, djeft dyvzhak, A spark of fire.
i^uft dylsha, A spy, informer ; intelli-
gence.

ydrt' dyin (S. ay ana), An institution,
rite, custom, ordinance, canon, usage, pre-
scription ; common law (in contradistinc-
tion to the laws delivered by Muhammad,
and which are called shar') ; mode, form,
manner ; ornament, decoration ; (in conip.)
like, similar, adorned with ; name of a
mountain where mummies are found ; —
dyin bastan, To prepare, adorn ; — dyini
jamshed, Name of the second of the thirty
modulations introduced by Barbud; a note
in music.

<^JJ» yeft dyin-barg, Armed, bearing arms.

^jJli) ^tft dyin-bandi, An alcove, a bower ;
adorned, decorated for a festive solemnity.

^jXm^ (jeft dyin parasti, Servitude,

i\S (jeft dyin-gah, A lady's dressing-room.

to^ft dyina, to<$} d'ina, A mirror, a look-
ing-glass ; plate glass (for nominal or
verbal combinations and for compounds
see under and after toft).

v» 6, the second letter of the Arabic-
Persian alphabet, expresses Two in arith-
metic, Monday as the second day of the
week, the constellation Gemini, and is by

( 135 ) ^

way of abbreviation put likewise for the
seventh lunar month Kajab, as the final
letter of this word. In Persian it some-
times interchanges with U /, as zafdn
for ttabdn, Speech; with |* m, as gkuzhm,
A grape-stone, for ghuzhb ; and with ^ w, v,
&B av for ah, Water ; — bet-, insep. prep.
(= the separate particle ba). To, with,
in, for, by, on, according to. Prefixed to
nouns, it forms possessive compounds,
used as adjectives and adverbs, as ba-bald,
Above, upwards. Before a vowel bad is
substituted for ba- or ba to prevent the
hiatus, as bado for ba-o or ba o, To him.
It iB sometimes a pleonasm, as ba-juz,
ba-gkayr, Beside, except; — bi- (i» bi),
augment placed before certain tenses of
the Persian verb, for which see Grammar.

a >^ bi-, the Arabic equivalent of the
Persian ba-. With ; in ; because, for, on
account of ; by ; at the distance of ; to.
It is frequently an expletive.

k ba, ba- (prep.), With, possessed of,
endowed with ; worthy of ; though, not-
withstanding ; to ; at the expense of ; —
(s.) A kind of gruel or other species of
Bpoon-meat ; — (v. for bad) May it be.

v 1 ! W bd-db, With or having water;
watery ; lustrous ; — bd-db-u-tdb, Lustrous
and glowing (words).

^ bd-dbru, Honourably, respectably.

a V) bd-ihtirdm, Honoured honour-
able, worthy of esteem.

a ^ bd-isti'ddd, Well prepared,

well instructed, endowed with capacity.

<j*z~\ ^ bd-dsiin, Having sleeves ; — ba
dttin nam az jabin giriftan, To soothe, to
show sympathy.

a bd-ittild', Well-informed (m.c).

V» bd-afrdk, A herb used against
palpitations of the heart.

a ^.ufl ^ bd.iqtiddr, Powerful, influen-
tial (m.c).

^ 4 ba anibur, With tweezers ; — ba ani-
bur ba-iqrdr dwardan, To torture into con-
fession.

4 ba an ki, Notwithstanding that,
although.

)\ ^ bd o. With him ; — 6a o pa girift,
He opposed him.

ufyi 4 bd-osh, A species of large cucum-
ber reserved for seed ; a small cluster of
grapeB.

qi\ ^ bd in jumla, With all these,
besides all these, notwithstanding.

a**^ ^ bd in-hama, Although.

if i+Qu\ ^ la in-hama hi, Notwithstand-
ing all this, that.

ba-db, To, with, in water; — ba-dbi
fyamdm ziydfat kardan, To do the honours
of the (public) bath (by pouring warm
water over the feet of an arriving friend) ; —
ba-db dddan, To throw into the water ; to
render vain or useless ; — ba-db randan, To

deceive, to delude; — ba-db raednidan bind
(bunydd), To make a building or foundation
strong (by laying the latter deep) ; to ruin,
to destroy ba-dbi rawan anddkhtan, To
remove, to put away (see 6a- db anddkhtan,
under v»0 ; — ba-db kashidan, To dip or
plunge into the water.

vW bob, A father ; worthy, suitable.

a bob, A gate, a door ; the chapter
of a book, section, division, head, heading ;
an affair, business ; point, matter, topic ;
(in gram.) conjugation; — bdbu 't-taubat,
The door of repentance ; — bdbi 'all, The
Sublime Porte (m.c.) ; — bdbi 'aekariya,
The War Ministry in Constantinople (m.c), ;
— bdH Id yansarif khwdndan, To be parsi-
monious ; — dar bdbi fuldn, Respecting such
and such a person, or thing ; — dar in bdb,
In this affair,

bdbd, A father ; a grandfather ; the
head of an order of monks called Calen-
dars ; (used like the Ar. bu) accustomed,
habitual ; — bdbd'i qimdr-bdz, A professed
gambler (m.c.) ; — ay bdbdm, 0 my darling
(m.c).

u^W^ bdbdt, Lucky, fortunate.

VjW bdbd-khdn, Father-king, a royal

title.

W bd bdrdn, With rain ; — bd-bdrdn,

rainy.

i_5jVjVj bdbdri (G. wiirtpi), Black pepper.

^_jafe-i bdbasaiM, A kind of melon (see
the following article) ; name of an island
rich in gold and silver mines.

,jaK>4> bdbd-ehaikhi, A kind of melon.

<_5*^ ^ bdbd'i kohi, Name of a man re-
nowned for virtue and uprightness.

(jjUV>^ bdbdydn (pi. of bdbd), Fathers,
ancestors.

bdbdydnah, Like a father ; accord-
ing to ancient custom, in the manner of
ancestors.

a «wW bdbat. An item ; for, on account
of ; worthy of, suitable, convenient; —
bdbati o, On account of him or it ; — az
bdbat, For the sake of (m.c).

bdbar, Name of an emperor of Hin-
dustan, the second of the Mogul race.

ijt^i bdbira, A bracelet,

bdbarl, Belonging to Sultan Babar.

<;j)}^ bdbzan, A spit.

j — iW bdbaair, Senna.

^jV^i- s->W bdbsinjdb, A heliotrope plant
(see i-hW"— ^W, of which it is probably a
corruption).

ueXjW bdbak (dimin. of bdb), A little
father ; one who educates ; faithful, con-
stant, firm, strong; a turquoise stone;
name of a king.

a J»V bdbil, babul, Babylon, renowned
for wine and magic; the planet Jupiter;
the East.

<»U. J*^» babul-khdna, A bawdy-house,
brothel.

^ ( 136 ) &

a v~^\* babilus, Devil's-milk ; poppy-
seed.

a cs 1 ?^ babili, Of or belonging to Baby-
lon ; wine ; poison.

bdbandan, To give, to bestow.
a tir-i W bii-bimya, Of robust frame (ni.c).
jl^ bdbu, A kind of wandering monk.

bdb-wdr, Item by item ; a chapter.
v£)\fS^ bdbwdri, Classification.

bdbuta, An earthen pitcher full of

water.

bdbuk, Camomile Bowers ; ground
ivy ; the earth-apple (on account of the
roundness of its flowers) ; foolish, insane.

A c^yW bdbunaj, uskjjb babunak (for P.
babiina), Camomile flowers.

*>fiV babiina, Camomile ; wild ivy ; —
bdbuna'i gav, Camomile flowers (in the dia-
lect of Shiraz).

AjW bdba, Stuffed with wool ; worthy,
suitable.

u»W bdbi, A member of the Biibi sect.
bdb-ydfi, — _j\j>Vj q,v.
bdbizdn t A surety, sponsor, middle-
man ; — (for bdd-bizan], A fan, ventilator.

ij 1 ^) us* ^ hi-zabdni sakjitan, To
keep silence.

y)irf^ bdbizan, A spit; a sponsor, a
surety.

4 b'l pdydn, Camels ; short, finite ;
end, limit.

f**" J ©*J ^ bd-pleh-w-kjiam, Tortuous and
lop-sided (m.c).

^ bat (for jfL»), With thee.

s->^4 fcafafe, Similitude, equality ; oppo-
sition ; — bdtidb, Equal, alike, consistent ;
contradiction, opposition, aversion; a kind
of dervish.

s-i'W bdtab, Worthy, suitable.

bdtar, bdtir, A crane ; a man's name.

a bdtir, A sharp sword.

Sy^ bdtara, A drum, a tambourine.

(j-J^j bdtw, fj 3 ^ bdtush (in the dialect of
the people of SjI&Wa ghabdn&dra), An
orange.

yU^t ba-dtish, With fire, in fire, &c. ; —
ba-dtish-pdra'i girdndan (to dun with a
spark or fire-brand) , To send a severe tax-
gatherer or dun after anybody; — ba-dtish
giriftan dmada bud (he had come to fetch
fire), He soon went away again.

a jUAj ba-ittifdq, With (one) consent ; in
company of, together (m.c).

a *s\?V bdtik, Sharp (sword) ; name of a
sword.

W bCi-iawidshd, Worthy to be seen, in-
teresting, curious, handsome (m.c).
W bd-tanikln, Majestic.
gV&AJlj bdtingdn (S. bhant dhi) , The egg-
plant.

J&jfl) bdtangal (S. pataiijala), Name of a
book of the Hindus (probably meant for
the Toga system of Patanjali).

yl» bdtu, An orange ; the grain called
habbu 's-salatin ; name of a king.

<Wj>W bdtuta, An earthen pitcher full of
water.

bdtun, A falcon distinguished by
some natural mark.

<yy^ bdtunu, A jug or pitcher full of
water.

bdj (from S. root bhaj), Tribute; toll
levied by the road-patrol ; a silence ob-
served by the Magi at meals and while
performing their ablutions ; — bdj u Tchardj,
Tribute and contribution, duties, taxes.
yW- 4 bd-jdn, Gifted with a soul, alive.
tjW^ bdjbdn, A revenue collector.

bdj-ddr, A collector of the revenues.
bdjrd, A species of Indian corn.
bd-j u fta, TreiHsed (m.c).
jU&^W bdj.guzdr, Tributary, taxed, tax-
able.

y£>*k bdj-gir, A collector of revenue.
a «yV4 ba-jalwa, Coquettish, bewitching
(m.c).

gV? baj-nama, Household stuff ; ser-
vice, drudgery; favour; pomp, pride.
bdjang, A small window.
bdja (for bdd-jah), A wicket; a large
window.
h ^-V bdjl, Nitre.

t bdji, Sister ; miss, lady (m.c).
y bajydn, A revenue collector.

bd-chufta (= bd-jufta), Trellised

(m.c).

j&lf bdchu, A title given to Tartar princes.

a bdhir, Foolish, stupid ; a liar, idle
talker ; blood of a pure red.

a ^ bd-huzur, One who has found
access to the divine presence, who has ob-
tained perfect peace.

a £jtaAe* Ij bd-hafsdn, A schoolmaster.

a 4 bd-hafsdna, Lispingly, like a

child.

a bdhur, Intense heat, heat of mid-
summer or the dog-days ; vapour rising
from heated ground.

A bdhur d', The heat of the dog-days.
bdkh, A road, a way ; = fcV> q.v.

a W bd-khabar, Informed ; intelligent,
wary.

jjiiA} bdkhtar, The west ; the east ; Bac-
tria.

(j^asA} b&lshtan, To play ; to lose at play ;
to give, to bestow; — kfiwudaah-rd bakJitan,
To betray oneself, to lose countenance
(m.c).

tj&M bdkhta, Played ; the plaster, incrus-
tation, smoothing, or polishing of a wall.

jkX} ba-dkhir dmadan, To come to an

end.

jy.^ bdkhcLrs, A note in music ; a city in
Khurasan.

a~&4 bdkjisa, A lancet ; a private en-
trance ; a layer of a stone wall.

( 137 )

a <sr*- U &a-M«?%i Particularly, espe-
cially.

a hdJchi', Who tills himself (with
sorrow).

4*U±lj bakh-ndma, A surname, nickname,
title.

jy- V ba-k&wud, By himself, by her-
self.

jj*-^ ba&lwr, Name oi Abraham's grand-
father (in whose time, they say, money was
first coined) ; the dog-days.

o u*/-W b&khus, Bacchus.

ytij*. l» bd-khwe»h, Alone ; solitude, lone-
liness; a dip, plunge.

<5a^ fcafc^a, A tortoise ; — b&kjia'i daryd'l,
A sea-tortoise or turtle ; — bdkha'i barn, A
land-tortoise.

y) 4a.lt iafcAa-sara, ^j^sA* bdkhizan, A
plasterer.

6a<Z, Let it be, so be it ; — har chi badd
bad, Let it be as it may, as God wills.

jVj bad (S. vdta), Wind, air, breath;
name of an angel or genius presiding over
the winds, over the 22nd day of every
month and anything that happens on that
day, and over marriages ; name of the
second of Khusrau's eight treasures;
(met.) a word, a sigh, a groan ; pride,
haughtiness ; praise, encomium ; sharp,
fierce ; a horse ; annihilated ; (for bdda)
wine; — bddi azib, South-east wind; — bddi
andar shdkar ddrad, (met.) He is fickle,
unsteady ; —bddi dhang, A sound, voice,
echo ; — bad ba-daet dmadan, One is unlucky,
unfortunate ; — bad bar qadami khak zad,
He rendered homage with head bent down
to the ground ; he humiliated ; — bddi burnt
(burild), Pride, airs, conceit (of men) ; — bddi
barin, The north-east wind; the south-west
wind ; — b&d budan. To be nought ; to
perish ; — bddi btsh-waz, A violent wind ; —
bddi bahdr, The gale of the spring;— bddi
pas pusht, The west -wind ; — bddi pasvny
Future happiness ; crepitus ventris ; — bddi
path, The east wind ; — bad painvudan (to
measure the wind), To engage in any foolish
undertaking ; to tell lies; to drink wine; —
bddi tund, A hurricane, tempest ; — bddi
tang-batta, A horse; — bddi khdya, A swell-
ing of the testicles, a rupture ; wind pro-
duced by flatulency ; — bddi dabur, A south-
west wind; — bad dar dast (haf) ddshtan,
To be empty-handed ; to hold the reins of
a horse ; — bad dar ear ddshtan, To be arro-
gant, insolent ; to meditate evil ; — bddi rabi',
A spring breeze (m.c.) ; — bddi sakht (bddi
thadid), A violent wind ; — bddi eard, A deep
(lit. cold) sigh ; despair ; — bddi sulaim&n,
The wind that wafted Solomon and his
hosts everywhere ; magnificence, grandeur ;
— badi samdm, A sultry, unwholesome, and
pestilential air ; — bddi eaw/umi jan-guddz, A
scorching wind, melting the soul, fatal to
life; — bad eanjidan (to weigh the wind),

To talk nonsense ; — bad shudan, To go to
the winds; to perish; to disappear; to
fly ; — bddi shurta, A favourable wind,
prosperous gale; — bddi $dbiya, North-east
wind; — bddi sabd, Tbe zephyr, the north-
east or morning wind ; — bddi Hsa (bddi
maaih), The breath of Jesus (of the
Messiah, an expression used by the Per-
sians to imply a skilful physician) ; —
bddi farang, St. Anthony's fire; — bddi
farwardin, The south-west wind; — ■ bad
kardan, To fan; — bddi kash, A north-
west wind ; a side wind ; — bddi kunji, The
cholic ; — bad gazidan Jabi khurshed, The
morning wind blows until sunrise; — bddi
gund, A rupture ; — bddi gisu, Pride, airs,
affectation (of women) ; — bddi muJ^hdlif, A
contrary wind ; — bddi murdd, A fair wind ;
— bddi nawd, An echo ; — bddi naurot,
Vernal breezes ; name of a modulation in
music ; — bddi hawd, Gratis, for nothing,
gratuitously ; — az bad, Swifter than the
wind (poet.) ;— ba-bdd (bar bad) dddan, To
ruin, to destroy ; — ba-badi chize giriftan,
To seize with the wind (produced by the
rapid motion) of a thing, to hit or strike
with, as ba-badi sang giriftan, To hit with
a stone ; — ba-badi fand raflan, To perish ; —
bar bad dddan jdn (khirman), To destroy
life, to kill ; — bar bad raftan, To perish ; —
bar bad nibishian, To write in vain.

^ bdda, Let it be, so be it ! — har chih
badd badd, Happen what may (m.c).
bad-d'bdd, Be it so.

4iX3jj\o^ bdddbrang, «4X3^jW bdddrawg, An
orange.

*>4 bdd-dbila, A boil, blain; small-
pox.

bd ddd, With equity, justly ; — bd-
ddd, Just, equitable.

ijMjI} bdddsh, A requital of kindness.

\jt\ bdd-afrd, jMjtf bud-afrdsh,
Punishment ; revenge.

s\ji\ bdd-dfrdh, bdd-afrdh, fy\ ^ bdd-
afrah, Punishment, penance, chastisement ;
revenge ; a child's toy.

^\f \ bdd-afrahl, and —

\yi\ jit bdd-afzd, Revenge ; retribution.
bdddm, An almond ; spiceries ; the
slit, i.e. shell of a horse's ear ; the eye of a
mistress ; — bdddmi talkh, Bitter almond ; —
bdddmi du-maghz (du-mag]m) , A slit, a
fissure ; cracked ; — bdddmi sdql, The eye of
the beloved ; — bdddmi shiguf a shudan (kar-
dan), To shed tears; — bdddmi shigiifa-
fishan, A weeping eye ; — bdddmi shlrln,
Sweet almond ; — bdddmi kagkizi, Jordan
almond; — bdddmi kuhi, Mountain-almond.

(j» p\<&i bdddm-bun, An almond-tree.

sy^-sl* bdddmtara, The herb basil.

qL^-^j^ bdddmistdn, An almond-grove.

i^yi f>\S^ baddm-farosh, A seller of al-
monds.

bdddmah, The cocoon of the silk-

^ ( 1

'worm ; a kind of silk ; a habit, made of
rags sewed together, worn by Dervishes or
Fakirs; any kind of stuff printed or
stamped ; the bezel of a ring ; a stone in
the form of an eye which they sew on a
child's cap ; a lint ; a mole on the cheek.

(j^WV} b&ddmi, Almond-coloured ; almond-
Bhaped ; a sort of eunuch.

,yiJl> bMan, Populous ; a recompense.

j&r\ *>W bdd-anjir, A kind of early hollow
fig-

jwe* bad&n-Jiroz (feroz), The city of

Ardabil.

>&t bdd-angez (wind-exciting), A
kind of plant which the Persian peasants
hold in their hands when they winnow
their corn, supposing it to have the power
of raising the wind, especially when they
rub it and throw it in the air ; saffron.

<->W bad-dwar, JyT bad- award, A sort
of thorny shrub ; the second of the seven
treasures of Khusrau; riches acquired
without labour, a windfall ; name of a note
in music; name of a place near Wasit;
ventilated ; a fan.

Aj\ bdd-dwila, A fatal kind of boil.

j-AAf ^ bdd-dhanj, A ventilating win-
dow.

j\t bad-bar, A fan ; ventilation.
)W jV( bdd-bdz, A fan ; easy ; fortunate.
a i_5»U j\j bdd-bdqi, Subtraction (in arith-
metic).

bddbdn, A sail ; a ship's mast ; a
fan; the collar or sleeve of a garment;
Bociable ; a cup, goblet ; — bddbdni akhzar,
The blue firmament ; — bddbdni charkh,
Moonlight ; — bddbdn kashidan, To set sail.

Atljjli bddbdnah, Name of a herb.

is~ bdd-ba-dart (Wind in the
hand), Empty-handed, poor ; luckless.

jt bad-bar, A paper kite; a boaster,
bragger; — bad-bur, A whipping-top ; any-
thing which removes a swelling or flatu-
lency.

<dfl jIj bdd-barak, A paper kite.

bdd-burUt, ^ «>4 bdd-burv,d,
Proud, haughty, boasting, assuming; one
who arrogates to himself what he never
performed, cannot do, or is not entitled to.

tjf jVj bdd-bara, The 22nd of the month
Bahman ; — bdd-bura, A little round piece of
wood put upon a spindle to give it a circu-
lar motion, a whirl.

,jSslat bddbatiqi, Syllogistic demonstra-
tion (doubtful word of foreign origin).

bdd-ba-musht (wind in the
fist), Fruitless, unproductive.

>A» bdd-bizan, A sort of fan; idle,

useless.

\ «*^» bdd~pd, ^ bad-pay, (A horse)
fleet as the wind ; — bad-pdyi wahm, Quick
of conception, of a lively imagination.

SU jl» bdd-pdld, Backing wine, a wine-
strainer.

38 ) A

jH ^ bad-par, A boaster ; a cross-beam ;
a whirligig.

t)\^ ^ bdd-parrdn, An empty boaster.
^ bdd-parak, A paper kite.

\)7> J ^ bdd-parwd, A ventilator ; any aper-
ture made for the admission of air; one
to whom all things come alike ; an airy
house.

^ bdd~para, A shaving of wood which
the wind carries away ; the down of a
plant.

etyt ^ bdd-pazdn, Flattering ; a welcome.
0*"~> bdd-pasin, Crepitus ventris.

o4 bdd-pech, A swing.
Wej °^ bdd-paimd (measuring the air),
Swift ; a traveller ; talkative ; a liar ; sen-
sual ; a glutton ; a drunkard ; a curling
lock ; penniless.

^ bdd-tukhm, Fennel ; aniseed.
«eA» bad-talc, Swift as the wind (horse).
bdd-jah, A window, ventilator (see

**A»).

jV} bad-khan, Airy room ; a ventilator.
fcUs. bdd-khdna, A ridge, top ; a ven-
tilator.

^sU. bdd-khdnl, Name of a fountain
in the province of Danighan ; so called
because at a certain season of the year there
rushes from it a violent wind.

j\f bdd-khdya, Rupture ; swelled tes-
ticle.

J^} bdd-khan, A storm, tempest, hur-
ricane ; a ventilator ; an airy house.

i^. bad-khanda, A bitter, sad, or sar-
donic smile.

j\} bdd-khwdr (devouriug the wind),
Name of a bird ; a rupture,

oV- jI» bdd-khwdn, An idle talker, jester ;
facetious ; a flatterer ; informant.

bdd-khwar (breeze-devouring), A
window, especially in the roof, for the be-
nefit of fresh air, and the advantage of a
fine prospect ; the bird humd.
Itf*" J ^ bdd-khtvurd, A scald-head,
lij^i. jlj bdd-khwurak, A small black bird
said to live in the air, feeding on the wind,
and unable to rise again when it alights
anywhere.

bdd-khun, A ventilator ; a country
retirement, garden-house, or villa; the
flowing of water ; household furniture ;
the plan, delineation, or figure of a house.

bdd-khee, Name of a village de-
pendent on Harat (see u 4 "** ^)-

^ bdd-ddr, Windy ; swollen ; puffed
up with pride ; independent ; worldly-
minded ; possessed of an evil spirit ; de-
structive.

fl; jj ^ bad-dur-tam, .Rheum (doubtful
word).

f ;J ^ bad-darsar (wind in the head),
Arrogance, haughtiness, foppishness.

._a£ jo Jt* bdd-dar-kaf, o-4-« ; j jVj bdd-dar-
musht (wind in the fist), Poor, penniless.

( 139 ) ^

pj4 ^ bdd-dizham, *>lj bod-dizhnam,
A superfluity of blood in the body, break-
ing out in sores and boils.

o ^ bdd-dast, Lavish ; a spendthrift ;
empty-handed, indigent.

o^juj 4 bd-dastburd, Endowed with
superiority, pre-eminent, accustomed to
victory.

j.j jIj bad-dam, Puffed up with pride,
vain ; pride, arrogance.

badar, The 29th day of the month
or moon ; moist, fresh, green ; lettuce ; the
erysipelas.

a fo<*\i ba-idrdr, Copiously, in a con-
tinuous stream.

bddrdm, Tain, foolish, idle, silly,
futile, unprofitable ; wicked, depraved ; a
subject.

t)'j ^ bad-ran, A fan; haughty, aspiring;
name of an angel presiding over (driving)
the wind.

U-j J W bdd-ras, Airy ; a flue, funnel,
vent.

jUij bdd-raftar, Going like the wind.
bad-rum, bad-ram, Vain, foolish,
idle, silly, futile, unprofitable; a subject.

j*>j j W badrambu, A peep-hole.

kjJjj'u badrambuya, ^t^j*^ badranj-
buya, — "Sij-^ijjV} q.v.

•aftj^ bad-rang, A species of cucumber ;
an orange ; a kind of disease caused by
grief; a fleet horse; a kind of swinging
cradle.

yi^j^t bddrang-bu, &ty*&j6\t bddrang-buya
{boyaj, Mountain-balm.

t>*&;^ bdd-rangln, A species of large
cucumber; a poem, a verse.

bM-ro, Balm ; a kind of cucumber ;
a herb that smells like an orange.

Ejj J ^i badrilj, <ky S)^- bddruj-buya, A fra-
grant kind of herb.

bddrucha, Name of a herb.
bddroz, A gift, a present ; sweet

basil.

"ty bddroz-biiya (boya), A kind of
plant which smells like an orange.

s jjJ J ^ bddrom, Continual, perpetual ;
daily bread, common fare; a garment for
daily wear.

dyA) bddruh, = e^j^} q.v.

fjy^ bddrum, iij^U badriina, Mountain-
balm.

bddra, Speaking without reflection ;
haste ; — also bddara, Breeches, drawers.

tj**.}^ badris, i^j^. bddrisa, A little
round piece of wood or leather fixed on a
spindle or distaff to wind the thread upon ;
a flat piece of wood circular and perforated
to receive the top of a tent-pole ; a whirl ;
a fan.

1+*** *-~ij>3^ bddrisa-chashm, One-eyed ;
the devil.

(ji^jJ^} bddresh, &~>j>>W bddreeha, A cu-
cumber; rice; sickness.

*4; J W bddriya, A kind of large wooden
fan or ventilator suspended from the roof,
to promote a circulation of air, and drive
away the flies, a punkah.

bdd-zad, A whirlwind, hurricane.
bddzam, Treacle ; trifles, frivolities.

CJj^W bdd-zan, <U}>>W bdd-eana, A fan,
ventilator.

f>\ij^ bddazndm, A tent-pole.

^*J*>W bdd-zahr, The bezoar- stone,

s^jjVj bdd-zakra, A swelled throat, quin-
sey.

ijij^ bdd-zln. The zephyr.

bddizh, A pestilential carbuncle or
inflammatory appearance of the skin; red
wine.

,»Ujjl} bddizhfdm, bddishJcdm, An

inflammatory red, purple, or livid hue on
the face.

flijo^ bddizhndm, An inflammatory red,
purple, or livid hue on the face ; red wiue ;
bile.

bddizhwdm, An inflammatory

disease.

A-jU bdd-sdr, Vain, light, trifling ; swift.
bdd-sakhd, Generous ; the world.
bdd-sar, Proud, vain, affected, airy.

lymSu bdd-sara, A horse-disease ; an ailing
part (of the body).

^^.jl* bad-sari, Pride, folly, affectation.

gJ—jV} bdd-sanj (weighing wind), Idly
speculative, vain ; vain hopes, delusive
dreams ; proud, arrogant, covetous.

v>^^ olj bdd-sinjdb, A sunflower, or
some plant related to it.

bdd-suwdr, A horseman ; a fleet
horse ; a fan, a punkah.

^jl} bdd-sair, Travelling like the wind.

y-s~ jI» bdd-sm, A suckling woman.

bddish, An inflammatory, livid ap-
pearance of the face regarded as precursor
of leprosy.

8U,^l} bddshlh, A king.

u^AlAjt; bddshdhat, Kingdom, govern-
ment.

^l&j^ bddshdkl, A kingdom.

a bdd-shurta, A favourable wind ;

a north-easterly vfind.

bddishfdm, ,«VsUi>A> bddishlcdm,
^LajI) bddishndm, f^J^ bddishwdm, Red
wine ; the prickly heat, an inflammatory
appearance of the face.

bddshah, A king.

i S^, bdd-saulat, Attacking with

tempestuous vehemence.

i^Ue j\} bdd-'indn, Swift, fleet (horse).

.xfcjW bdd-gkad, bddgjtar, bdd-
ghard, bddgkand, A place exposed to

the winds on every side ; a house having a
number of windows, an airy summer-
house; a ventilator.

btid-gkis, A vent, chimney, funnel.

^tjVj bad-ghan. An airy house; a vain
boaster.

A ( 140 ) jlj

a badghi8 (from P. ^ *>^), A

district in Khurasan.

badaft, Name of a fragrant tree.

y>>V bad-far, A small top or gig, a play-
thing that hums ; a large fan or ventilator
suspended from the roof for promoting a
circulation of air, a punkah ; puuishment,
retribution.

bddafrd, and —

&\^*>V bddafrdh, Punishment, retribu-
tion; — bdd-fartlh, A child's plaything, a
humming-top.

2^o\f badafra, Vain, foolish, boasting,
brag; punishment, retribution ; — bdd-
farah, A child's plaything.

j^i jA> bad-fur, Who breaks his word or
promise.

bad-fun, Who gives advice to others,
but neglects it himself.

j\jj£ jI> bad-kirdar, Sivift, hast/, expedi-
tious.

u^Jtj bdd-kash, A large fan ; a punkah ;
bellows ; cupping, scarification ; — bdd-kaski
firdshl, A large sort of fan.

bad-lean, A rupture.
bad-huba (wind-beaten), Town and
district of Baku.

(j&S^ badgdn, A keeper, guardian, trea-
surer; the fore and hinder part of the
collar of a garment.

*stfjl» bdd-gdn'a, A latticed window.
s^J^» bad-gdh, A draught-house, a privy.
bdd-guzdr, An air-hole ; a fabler.
bddgar, bad-gird, A whirlwind.
tf£ ^ bdd-gunj, ^ bad-gwnji, The

cbolic.

bdd-gi, jtS>}\i bad-glr, An airy house ;
a funnel perforated in every part for the
admission of air.

J*> 4 ba-dil, Generous, brave, noble-
hearted.

t)^%5j^ badiljdn, The egg-plant or brinjal.
^jW- } J J ^.bddilv, jan, With heart and
soul.

***J«>^ bddalija, A sort of cannon.
(•J^ bddam, An almond ; spiceries.
£Uj l> bd-damdgh, Intelligent,
jj^jlj bad-muhra, Antidote for a snake's
bite.

^<&t badinj, A cocoa-nut,

a \=fi4\i badinjdn, The egg-plant or brinjal.

*aO^ bddang, Swaddling-clothes.

bddmgdn, The egg-plant or brinjal.

W> bdd-numd, A vane, pennant,

weathercock, showing the quarter whence
the wind blows.

a f>\)>i ^ bd-dawam, Durable, lasting.

(jjljjlj bddwdn, The sail of a ship; the
collar of a garment ; a shirt, shift ; a cup,
goblet.

^^\t bddubdn, The front and back of
the collar of a garment.

, jVj id<i tt bed, Useless, unprofitable.

j bad-u-dam, Pride, self-com-
placency.

yUjl. } j\i bdd-u-tufan, Typhoon, cyclone
(m.c).

jt)^ bdd-wez, t^joVj bdd-weean, A venti-
lator, fan.

bdda, Wine ; any intoxicating drink ;
new wine ; a cup, vessel full of wine ; —
bdda'i mast, Strong, intoxicating wine ; —
baddi nav (nau), New wine ; — bdda pai-
mudan, To measure out wine ; to give to
drink.

3>\> r bdda-pdld, Racking wine, a

strainer.

ts~.j> sjI} bada-parast, Given to wine, a
sot.

W«> soi} bdda-paimd, bdda-pai-
man, Measuring wine; wine-drinker.

^Ujj sjI) bada-paimdni, Crop-sickness,

a 6 JJ* J ^ bdd-harza, An incantation em-
ployed, by house-breakers to lull the watch-
men to sleep.

j\~S id* bdda-gusdr, A wine-drinker.

glftolj bdd-hilj, giftoij bdd-hanj, A con-
trivance on the top of houses in the East,
in the form of a chimney, having an open-
ing face to the west, which, catching the
breeze, gives a refreshing coolness to the
apartments with which it communicates.

a>A» bdda-nosh, A wine-bibber, a drun-
kard.

a \)& »>U bdd-hawd, A false promise ; any-
thing not in existence, a non-entity.

a «^) bdd-hawd'i, Fruitlessness,

waste.

<j<*>\t bddl, Be thou ; mayest thou live for
ever ! the signs Gemini, Libra, and Aqua-
rius ; flatulent, full of wind, windy ; aerial ;
airy.

a bddl (ag. of Inhabitant of
the desert ; wild beast ; appearing, begin-
ning; beginner, author; first (in comp.J ;
— bddl 'n-nagar, The first glance ; at first
sight.

jL>-A? bddydr, A falcon trained for hunt-
ing.

U^.J^ bddydn, <tilijL) bddydna, Fennel,
anise.

jJjUj^ bddydwand, Strong, robust;
strength.

^AijUo^ bddydwandl, Bodily strength,
force.

a l> jI> bddiyat, bddiya, A desert (esp. of
the Arabs), wilderness; forest, jungle; —
bddiya'i tlh, The desert of the Israelites ; —
bddiya' i gjiul {ghul-ddr), The present
i world.

tr?.j\i bddij, Large boots or stockings.
J*oV bd-did, Openly ; manifest, conspi-
cuous.

j)-*tJ\i bd-diddr, Sightly, pleasing to the
eye.

y.Jl< bddir, A pillar, prop, support, but-
tress.

A ( 141 ) ;lj

ct 4 ***^ bddiya, A capacious earthen vessel,
in which wine is kept ; a large deep j ug,
cup, bowl ; a desert.

a tsWi 4>J^ bddiya-paimdy (measuring
the desert), A swift horse; a traveller.

a ($<~zs 4>jl} bddiya-nuhin, An inhabitant
of the desert.

bdzdrang, A citron, a quince.
bazam (for p^V), An almond ; men.
bdzdn, Name of an early Persian
convert to Islam.

JjjUtj bdzdward, A white thorn.

a bd-zamm, Blameworthy, mean, a
trifle, a thing of no importance.

jyj'n btizaro, Parsley.

a bdzaruj, Mountain-balm,

fUjil} bdzaxnam, A tent-pole.

A tro^U bdzjfMsh (from P. J W bdd-
khez). Name of a village dependent on
Harat.

a <j-kjl} bdzaft, Name of a tree which
emits a sweet perfume when shaken by the
wiud,

a jj4 bdziq, bdzaq (from P. bdda),
The juice of the grape slightly boiled; —
hdziq bdziq, Endowed with quickness of
parts.

a bazil, One who expends, uses, puts
out ; liberal, munificent ; — bdaili maqdur
kardan, To employ (every) endeavour.

a i\i bd-zauq, With delight, with relish,
gleefully.

j4 bar (S. bhdra), A burden, load, weight,
charge ; baggage ; a pack, a bale ; a foetus ;
fruit, flowers, blossoms; sorrow, grief; the
imposition of a burden not to be endured ;
a court, congress, assembly ; a tribunal ; a
curtain at the door of a pavilion ; entrance ;
free access, admittance; opportunity; a
petition, written memorial, request ; leave,
license; root, cause, origin, foundation; a
branch ; a fortification, a wall ; a ditch, a
moat ; a granary, storehouse ; God ; great-
ness, eminence, dignity ; fault, crime ;
dung, manure j adulteration, alloy ; a trivet :
a musical instrument ; rice or any other
grain from which beer is made ; name of a
village near Tits ; food in genera] j filling
a plate with food ; a time, turn {yak bar,
du bar, Once, twice) ; an affix implying
conflux or multitude and forming names of
countries and regions ; (in comp.) laden
with, or (as part, of bdridan) raining, shed-
ding, scattering, diffusing ; — bar dwardan,
To bear fruit, produce; — bar bar-ddshtan,
bar paziruftan, To conceive; — bar dar dil
nihddan, To afflict ; — bar dddan, To allow
admission, hold a lev^e, grant an audience ;
to give the road to a superior ; to manure
land ; — bar ddshtan an. To be with child
by ; — bdri dil, Heart-ache, grief, worldly
cares bar sdkMan, To make up a bundle,
to pack up ; — bar shudan, To be burdened,
loaded ; — bdri 'dm, A public audience ; — bar

Jcardan, To load ; to draw up in battle array ;
— bdri kishti, The freight of a ship ; — bar
giriftan, To conceive, become pregnant; —
bar nihddan, To lay down a burden, to
bring forth ; — bar u diwar, Walls and
bulwarks ; — bar ydfian, To gain or fiud
admittance; — dar dmadan ba-bdr, dar bar
amadan, To blossom ; to produce fruit.

a /V ba'r (v.n.), Digging a well.

a ;4 bdrr, Beneficent, pious ; just, duti-
ful.

bdr-db, Agricultural produce raised
by water drawn from the beds of rivers or
by artificial canals ; name of a district in
Turkistan.

«>\>^ bdrdt, An assignment for money,
draft.

etjtj bdrdj, A midwife.
v>^)^i bdr-dgtosh, An armful.

bdrdn, Rain ; raining ; — bdrdni
shitdb, Heavy rain ; — bdrdn giriftan, To
rain, to shower, to pour over (in. a).

jWl jl# bar-andde, Throwing off a burden.

SA #-j tjty* bdran-ramda, Kained upon.

¥-) uV* k < M'ti?M'«i A spout, gutters, eaves.

sjj (ify* fca?aii.-ss<Mia, Rained upon.
u^jW bdrdn-shitdb, Heavy rain.

j<$ bdrdn-gir, A shelter from rain.

bdrdn-girez, The eaves of a house ;
shelter from rain.

i*JU yljtj bdrdnndh, Rainy (day).

bardna, The main beam of a house ;
the herb melissa ;— bardna, kardan, To fall
into danger ; to throw away ; to boast, brag.

(_5*ljW bdrdni, What refers to rain; a
riding-coat or cloak which keeps out. the
rain ; name of a Turkoman tribe.

y-ifjlj^ bdrdmdan, To cause to rain.

jjT ;\t bdr-dtvar, Fruit-bearing.

»\j W bd-rdh, Who is or proceeds on the
right road.

^1;^ bd-rdU, The state of being on the
right road.

&>£ bdrdhi-kand, An Indian plant.

;W ;W bdr-bdr, Frequently, repeatedly j
murmuring, crying; name of a prophet.

iifi bdrbud, Name of a famous Persian
musician, native of Jahram, a town near
Shiraz.

f ft bar-bar, } \<*jift bdr-barddr, A carrier,
porter ; a day-labourer ; a beast of burden ;
a devious course.

^1 jy^j bdr-bar-ddri, Travelling expenses,
carriage-hire.

a** jW bdr-bngha, A load, baggage;
gently ; small wares.

il&t ft bar-bung d, ^ ft bar -buna, Place
where a load is laid down.

^SLfjl} bdr-begi, Master of the ceremo-
nies.

>iSZiSft bdriiang, The plantain-tree.

sft bdraj, Nightshade ; name of a fruit.

Wft bdr-jd, A royal court.

<*>Wft bdrjdt, An oppressive custom of

J*

( 142 )

forcing to purchase goods above the market
price.

bar -jama, A large pair of saddle-
bags frith a mouth on the side.

^Wj^ bar jay, A free grant of a spot of
ground made by a Zamlndar to anyone of
his relations.

bdr-chd. Judgment-hall, court of

justice.

t it*^ bdrcha, Others, the others ; all.

a c;V» bdrih, A sultry wind ; passing from
the right Bide of the hunter to the left
(game).

a bdrihat, bdriha, The preceding

night ; yesterday.

A jlj bdr-khdna, A tent, or cloth
stretched upon poles, under which goods
and baggage are kept from rain, when halt-
ing upon a journey ; a sack ; dorsers or
pack-saddles for beasts of burden, upon
which loads are placed ; baggage, particu-
larly such as kings and great men travel
with ; merchandise transported from place
to place.

\n. ^ bar-kftuda, Lord God ; a king, a
prince ; an excellent poem.

bdr-khuddyd. 0 mighty Lord

God J

bar - khaima, A collector of

revenue ; a custom-house ; an exchequer.

a ^ barid, Cold, frigid ; firm, solid,
established ; — auzd'i barid, Cold, unfriendly
actions ; — samumi barid, A hot wind blow-
ing incessantly ; — 'aishi barid, An agree-
able life.

J^Jj^ bar- dad, Leave ; a porter, chamber,
lain.

jWjV) bdr-ddr, Pregnant ; fruitful.

O^jW bdrddn, A fruit-basket; a reposi-
tory for travellers, goods, and baggage ;
household furniture ; poles, upon which
travellers mount awnings or tilts for the
preservation of their goods from rain ; a
large wallet ; a cloak-bag, a portmanteau ;
a flagon of wine.

bdrdast, Ebony,
bdr-du, A forked stick used in
propping up the branches of a tree over-
loaded with fruit.

B>>>/i bdrdij, Any kind of damp cloth
fastened to a long pole, with which bakers
clean their oven and temper the heat.

»s©yW bdrrang. Infants' swaddling bands ;
ropes, girths, bandages, or fastenings for
loads ; bandages for the breasts, to prevent
their swagging.

Sjjy\i bdrruj, Baroaoh, a city in India.

a jjW bariz, Who or what issues forth ;
apparent, evident ; sum total (in arith-
metic).

■ij^t bdrzad, A gum, benzoin or benjamin.
yUj bdr-zamdn, Ttie vicissitudes of
fortune.

bdrsd, Done hastily ; a commence-
ment.

h vs>m» bdrsdt, The rainy season (in
India).

yjySt-yl} bdrastaldriin, o^Jj^-yW bdristd-
riyun (G, irtpurrtptuv) , A kind of grain of
which pigeons are fond ; valerian.

tf^j* bar-eanj, &<**—J* bdr-e<mjin («aw-
jan). Weighing a load ; anything placed in
an opposite scale as an equilibrium.

<J>fi bdriah, Eain.

^ bd-rashk, With jealousy, jealous.

<^>£* bdr-shikani, Provision, especially
brought from abroad.

a fj^j bdri', One who excels in virtue or
knowledge ; beautiful, elegant, good, fair,
jl} bdr-'arrdda, Baggage cart (m.c).

a jyt} bdriq, Shining, flashing (cloud) ;
bright (sword) ; name of the father of a
tribe ; also of a place near Kufa.

a £i,^ bdriqat, bdriqa, Sword ; light-
ning.

<&J* bdrik, Thin, slender, minute ; the
membrane which envelopes the foetus.

a s3i\ csij\< barak alldh (or simply barak),
May God bless you ! Good God ! strange !

J^jt} b&r-kaah, A porter, a day-labourer ;
a bandage tying over all ; carriage, means
of conveyance ; oppressed ; sympathizing,
condoling ; strong, heary.

u*^* bdr-kashi, Porterage, a carrying of
loads, a bearing of burdens.

o^jW bdrakl, bdriki, A strong horse (par-
ticularly a baggage-horse) ; all together,
all at once.

vty* b&rgan, A ditch, a puddle.

bdrgdv, An agreement, a treaty ;
concord, harmony.

bdr-gah, Place of leave or dismission
(applied to ambassadors and supplicants of
every denomination), i.e. the king's court,
palace, tent, tribunal, hall of audience ; a
court, where they load or unload beasts of
burden ; the womb.

tr^/ bar giriftan, To become pregnant.
bdr-gah (= »tyO, A hall of j ustice, <fec.
bdragl, A pact-horse ; an excellent
strong horse ; strength, power ; a courte-
zan.

yeSjk bdr-glr, A bearer of loads, a beast of
burden, a baggage-horse ; a camel ; the
tonnage or cargo of a ship (m.c.) ; one
who puts a load on man or beast ; one upon
whom a burden is laid, or to whom any
crime or fault is imputed, charged, con-
victed ; a horse-soldier who has his horse
found him ; conceiving, pregnant, gravid ;
a female ; a camel-litter ; a lender.

^j^S j() bar-girl, Conviction, criminal
charge ; taking in of a ship's cargo (m.c.) ;
— bar -girl numudan, To get under load
(m.c).

y-^Vf bdrgln, A cistern; a sink; stag-
nant, fetid, or putrid water.

* ( HS )

of a champion of

yV-;^ barman, Name
Turan, son of Wisa.

bdramboy, vsj»'_>W bdramboy, Sweet

basil.

<5~^ jt? bar-nama, Example, rule, regula-
tion, form, formula, canon ; an edict, order,
command ; admission to the royal court ;
obligation ; a numerous household, retinue ;
pride, haughtiness, vain-glory ; boasting ;
praise, encomium ; glory, eialtation ;
leave, dismissal ; throwing, hurling, dart-
ing; interceding, mediating, reconciling;
custom ; military apparatus.

CjjjS' «\JjV} bdrndna hardan, To rush into
danger or perdition.

bdrnab, Anise-seed.

<>sM>^ bdran-boy, A fragrant plant.
bdranj, A cocoa-nut.

bdrandagt, Bain ; falling dew ; the
rainy season.

s-^jW bdranda (part, of bdridan), Rain-
ing.

bdrang, Swaddling-bands ; an

orange.

i^ft^)^ bdrangboy, Southernwood.
4^*6,1* bdrangboya, Balm-gentle, parsley.

bdrangu, Mountain-balm, calamint.
,_sy j uftj V» ba rang u boy, With all pomp
and splendour.

barn, A wall, rampart, bulwark, for-
tification ; a fort; a tower; battlements,
embrasures.

h jy^i bdru, Sand.

) jV) bar v, band, The belongings of
anything.

bdrut, Gunpowder.
»^ bariit-kkana, A powder inaga-

zine.

bdrucha, A vessel for carrying clay,
a CyW bd-rauh, ^> j Cjy W bd-rauh-u-safd,
Cheerful, pleasant (m.c).
^ bdrud, Saltpetre ; gunpowder.

bdrwar, Fruitful ; plentiful.
i'jjjW bdrauzana, Name of a note in music.
ba-roza, Daily bread ; an every-day
garment; a worn-out garment.
<J baruq, Ceruse of white lead or tin.
fi}^ bdrum, A ferry.

ijvj bdra, God ; the presence of God ; a
curl, a ringlet ; an intimate friend ; form,
manner ; rule, custom ; a time, a turn ;
walls, fortifications ; anything which divides
or separates two objects; ugly, deformed;
covetous, avaricious ; addicted, given to ; a
bribe to a judge ; reward ; the curved ex-
tremities of the beam of a balance to which
the scales or weights are suspended ; a
horse ; a herd, flock ; an intoxicating liquor
made from barley, beer, ale; regard, re-
spect ; good, excellent ; beautiful ; ture,
just; countenance, aspect; the eye-brow;
leave, dismissal ; state, condition ; arms ; —
bd-rak (= rtjW), Who is on the right road ;
— bdra'i nukum, The ninth heaven.

\*j\t bdrhd (pi. of bar), Burdens ; often
many times, frequently.

^5*)W bdrhi, Zedeoary ; — bd-rahi (= U *\ J W),
The state of being on the right road.

a. bdri', (ag. of ^jt), The creator,
God, the Deity.

<jj* bare, Once ; a time, a turn ; any
time ; sometimes ; I wish, would to God !
at length ; at least, in short, at all events ;
— bdrl, Loaded, heavy ; (for A. t^M God ;
a king ; rank ; excuse, pretext ; walls, forti-
fications ; the ventricles of the heart j
name of a town in India,
^t^t bdrya, O great God ! a hypocrite.

bdr-ydb, Admitted at court, into the
royal presence, into company.
i^jW bdr-ydbi, Admittance at court, Ac.
bar-yar, A flower; fruit; a castle;
a burden ; a beast of burden ; a street
having no thoroughfare; when added to
numerals, it signifies Times, as du bar-yar,
Twice.

as*^ bdr-ydfta, j\*tj* bdriddr, Admitted ;
a servant, a guard, a sentinel at a haram.

^•>ijk bdriddgl, Eain; a cut, rent, fis-
sure.

<v)«*jjW bdridan (Z. vdr), To rain ; — ashk
bdridan, To shed copious tears.

)t£t bdriz, The autumn.

G Oj 3 *^ bdrlkun, Fennel ; hellebore.

usiij^ bdrik, Subtile, slender ; penetrating;
small, fine, delicate, tbin, minute, little, in-
distinct; — barik rasldan, To give the highest
finish to a thing.

jljf <*\j,4 bdrik-dwdz, A babbler.

(^si tshj^) bdrilc-bin, Discerning, intelli-
gent ; with a piercing sight (horse).

bdrik-binl, Quickness, acute-

ness.

a JW*- us^j^j bdrik-kha-ydl, Of subtle
thought or imagination (poet).

l»o <aAjj\* bdrik'dum, With a slender tail.
mijV) bdrik-rdy, Of a subtile or pe-
netrating genius.

u~s> uAtj>i bdrik-rlB, Subtle, ingenious,
thoughtful ; sighing.

udijU bdrik-rniydn, Slender-waisted.
barXkl, Subtilty ; slenderness, slim-

ness.

yijW bdrin, Name of a village near Hatnab.
in Syria.

jW bdz, Back, again ; anew, afresh ; from,
since ; also ; towards ; return, repetition ;
descent, declivity ; inversion, contrariety ;
the shoulder; the arm, or the upper part
of it ; a span, cubit ; the distance between
each hand when the arms are horizontally
extended in an opposite direction ; a
fathom ; a finger-joint ; a bundle, armful ;
choice, distinction, separation; a ford,
ferry ; open ; wine ; tax, tribute ; (S. vdjin ?
see next article) a falcon ; (in comp., as part,
of bdkhtan. To play) playing at, with, or on,
staking (as qimdr-bdis, Playing at dice ;

( 144 )

— jdn-bdz, Staking or risking one's life, <£c) ;
bare, naked (m.c.) ; clear (sky, m.c.) ;
— baz istddan, To remain behind, desist,
or cease; to be detained, checked, pro-
hibited ; to supersede ; — bdz uftddan, To
fall back, relapse, recede; — baz ctmadan, To
return ; to desist .; to repent ; — baz dwar-
dan, To bring back, restore ; — baz dwarda
hardan, To bring back an apology, to ex-
cuse, exculpate (oneself) ; — baz burda-n, To
flatten (a cake) ; — ban bastan, To rebind, to
set (a broken bone) ; to trace (oneself or
one's pedigree) back, to claim relationship ;
■ — baz Mdan, To be exposed (m.c.) ; — baz pas
raftan, To retrace one's steps ; go away
(m.c.) ; — baz cMdan, To draw in, gather, take
up (as a net, <fcc.) ; — baz khamldan, To taunt,
reproach ; — baz IchwanAan, To charge, to
accuse openly and publicly; — baz khwurd,
He swallowed it, he met it, he hit upon it; —
baa dadan, To give back, to return ; to
turn upon ; — baz dashtan, To hold back, re-
strain, prohibit; to hide, conceal, seclude ;
to delay ; — baz randan, To repel ; to recol-
lect, reconsider ; to explain, relate ; — baz
zadan, To retreat, to withdraw ; to rebel; —
bdz shudan, To be opened (dilam baz bi-
ehawad, May my heart be opened, i,e. re-
joiced (m.c.) ; — bdz talbidan, To demand
restitution ; — baz hardan, To open or unfold ;
to take to pieces, undo, demolish ; to strip
off (skin) ; to gather (fruit) ; to wean ; to
roll out (a lump of dough) ; to separate ; —
bdz Jctishadan, To open ; — bag garddn shudan,
To fall back ; to suffer a relapse ; — bdz gar-
ddnidan, To cause to return, to recall ; to
correct ; to restore, repay ; — bdz guftan. To
say again, repeat ; to rehearse, relate ; — bdz
mdndan, To stay behind; to remain, or
survive ; to desist, cease, stop, leave off ; to
be separated ; — bdz numudan, To show
again ; to explain, to clear up ; to expose ;
— bdz ydftan, To resume; to find out, to
become acquainted with.

a jl» bdz, A falcon ; — bdzi ihdsMn, A kind
of falcon with a dark-coloured back and a
red eye ; — bdzi sipihr, The sun ; the day ; —
bdzi eafed, bdzi safed-par (the white or
white-winged falcon), The sun; the day.

\)\) baza, A weight equal to 90 a»Mr, each
astir weighing four misqdl ; — (for \ jlf bdz
a) come back.

a ba-izd', Over against, in front of,
opposite to, in comparison with.

bdz clr (imp. of bdz dwar dan), Bring

back.

jty* bazar, A market ; a market-day ; a
bargain ; usage, currency ; beauty, splen-
dour ; (for the preceding) bring back ; —
bazar drastan, To arrange a bazar, to lay
out one's goods for sale ; — bdzdri auwali
yusuf, The price received for Joseph by his
brothers from the Egyptian traders ; —
bazar bar-chidan, To close the bazar, leave

off buying and selling ; — bdzdri jiddl u qital,
War, battle ; — bdzdri khah, The human
body ; pomp, pride ; the attractions of the
present or of the future world ; — bazar
zadan, To gain, to make a bargain, to obtain
a desired object ; — bdzdri zad u frhtpwrd,
Striie, battle ; — bdzdri 'ajal, War, fight ; —
bdzdri fuldne tez (garm) ast, One drives a
brisk market ; — bdzdri mdhiydn, A poultry-
market ; — bdzdri mind, The market of
Mecca on Mount Mina ; — bazar kardan, To
fix a price ; to trade ; — bdzdr kaahidan, To
babble, talk idly, boast ; — bazar nihddan,
To arrange a bazar or one's goods for sale.

<^jW bdzdrcha, A small market or
bazar,

(jSU. bdzdr-khalqi, Market-folk.
s>J j yfi bdzdr-zada, Stale or unsaleable
goods.

t^Sjb^ bdzdrgdn (originally bdzdragdn,
pi. of bdzdra below, but used as sing.), A
merchant.

i\S j\jb bdedr-gdh, Place or time of
market.

bdzdra, Who sells and buys in the
market, a merchant.

»jy\^i bdzdri, Belonging to a market, mer-
cantile ; a market-man ; (bdzdri kardan. To
market) ; — bd-zdri, Complaining, lamenting.

^jty* bdzdriyd (voc. of the preceding), O
merchant ! O trader ! (dim. of cSj\)^») a
small trader, huckster.

tj£»VjV) bdz-afgan, A piece, section, morsel,
bit, shred, rag ; a pad, wadding, or stuff-
ing.

(•^jV bdzdm, A swing, a see-saw.

e>\}^ bdzdn, A large brazen vessel in
which they wash clothes ; the basin of a
fountain.

j^i bdz-dward, Gift offered to a Supe-
rior.

0 SjU-j\ j\t bdz istddagi, A standing back.
u*" 1 ^ bdz-dyandagl, Return, coming
back.

)U j^t bdz-bdr, fM bde-bdm, bdz-bdn,
A falconer.

fft bazbar, The bezoar stone, an anti-
dote.

bdzbaza, Loving women ; a love*.

yyy^i box-purs, Repeated inquiry, minute
search ; a revision, an examination.

ij>^. baz-para, A butterfly ; a bat.

u-yW bat-pas, Back, behind ; the remains
of anything; restitution; — bdz pas raftan,
To retrace one's steps ; — bdz pas nigdristan.
To look back.

t)^— % )^ bdH'patdn (pi. of the preceding),
The canaille, the mob.

(jj*-^ bdz-pasin. Last, hindmost.

j4 bdz-pech, A swing, see-saw ; a
cradle ; a string of beads suspended from
the top of a cradle for the amusement of
infants.

a is~*o-jW bd-zahmat, troublesome (m.c.).

( 145 )

igW bdz-jdy, Back, behind ; remains ;
place of return.

tjW bdzakk, A sound, a voice.

jV> biiz-khdat, Resurrection.

asla. j4 bdz-k]tdna, A mew or cage for a
falcon.

d^if- jk bdz kharidan, To redeem.

•V**- J4 bde-khamid, Resurrection ; taunt.

ut~.lji.jt} bdz-khwdst, Answer ; question;
demand of restitution ; retrospect; investi-
gation; Day of Resurrection.

4i-\y-j4 bas^^wa* (a, Retribution, punish-
ment (m.c.).

yt*- ;4 bdz-khez, Rising up; resurrection;
Judgment Bay.

bdzud, The fleshiness of the arms.

j\>> bdz-ddr, A falconer, a huntsman ;
a sower; an agriculturist; keeping back;
(forjljjW) a revenue collector.

*J>£.* jV| bdz-ddrish, Retention, prohibi-
tion.

jV) bdz-ddri, Charge of falcons or

hawks.

cuaIj j4 bdz-ddshl, A hindering, a pre-
venting, keeping back ; an interval ; a par-
tition; confinement, imprisonment, du-
rance; a prison;— bat ddeht kardan, To
hinder, restrain.

•*<>> bdz-did, Return-visit (m.c); — bdz-
did kardan, To pay a return- visit ; to inves-
tigate the truth of a matter.

tjty* bdzargdn, A merchant, a trader.

(J™)j* bdzargdni, Trade, merchandise ; —
bdtargdni kardan, To trade, to buy and sell.

&tfrfiU bdzranjoya, The herb melissa.

4 bd-zarank, Intelligent, shrewd ;
full of mental vigour (m.c).

*sfl)jW bdzrang, Infants' swaddling-
clothes ; girths, surcingles, ropes, fasten-
ings of loads or saddles.

j^W bdzi-ti, ojyjW bdssrun, An everv-day
garment.

Jja ^ bdz-shudagi, A receding or re-
treat.

j4 bdz-ehudu, Receded, retreated.
A £}4 bdzigh, Rising (sun or moon).
<*h^r bdzak, bdzaM, A sparrow-hawk,

merlin.

\\* baz-kvshd, Discriminating.
tjWjv b&zgdn, A merchant.

bdz-gdli, The place where a river is

crossed.

)\iS ^ baz-gvidr, Returning; agreeing,
apt, fit.

jjSjlj bdz-gard, Return.

yUj? jl* ban-garddn, One who or that
which returns; — bdz thudan, To return; —
bdz garddn kardan, To bring back.

^JUJ-f jl} bdz gardida.gt, Return ; relapse.
jV bdz-guahd, The discriminative
faculty.

o-^jW bdz-ga$ht, Return (mus. term),
yj^if jl* bdz-gaehian, To turn back ; to
repent ; to retire ; to depart from.

AA-i-i" bdz-gashta, Turned back ; re-
turned.

bdz-gd. Repetition of what has been
said ; reiteration.

)^ baz-gun, Inverted, turned upside
down, preposterous ; inversion ; inversely.

U)£ bdz-gi'tua, Inverted, lent down;
unfortunate.

(j&j* buz-rjiinagi, Contrariety.

fsS bdz-gn; A falconer ; a ehronologi6t ;
a revenue collector; reproof, scolding.

a. J)^ feussii, (A camel) bvetding afiout or
side tooth called nab, in his ninth year; the
front or side tooth nab.

O^* bdz-mdn, Halt ! stop ! a delay ;
— fcAiL* jU q.v.

^■iil* jli bdz-mCindaiji, A staying behind ;
a being detained, detention.

SJiU jlf bdz-mdnda, Left behind; a sur-
vivor, relict; incapacitated, knocked up.

y^jjUj^ bdz-milTiiiiaji, To remain; to be
present.

yj^i bdzan, A cuckold.

j'v bdz-nama, Release, deed of ac-
quittance.

0^ iiSjfo bdzndna kardan, To dart, to
throw; to put one's self in danger; to
boast ; to intercede ; to reconcile.

{-•j^ bdzinj, baznij, A swing, a see-saw ;
rocking; a cloth or curtain thrown over a
cradle, in order to set a child to sleep.

yW^jW biizinjdn, The hrinjal.

bdzavda, A player; a kind of

pigeon.

^.tfjW bdzandagi, Cunning, planning,
cheating.

(gsijW bdznich, A swing.

jjjij bdzii (S. bdhu), The arm, or the upper
part of it ; strength, power ; the cloth
wrapped round the middle whilst bathing ;
the post of a door ; the side of a bedstead ;
a friend, companion ; one who accompanies
in a song ; a buck, doe, deer ; a cubit, an
ell ; a perch ; — bdzii afrakjitan (bdz kardan,
bax-dieardan), To raise the arm, to stretch
forth the h;ind (for striking or seizing) ; —
bdzu'i chize ddshtan, To be able to do a thing,
have the power of; — bdzii khvmrdan, To re-
ceive a blow with or on the arm; — bdzii
dddan, To help, to assist ; — bdzii zadan, To
strike a blow with or on the arm; — bdzii
suiiin kardan, To straighten or stiffen the
(left) arm, in order to draw the bow; —
bdzu'i 'azil, K strong muscular arm ;— bdau
kushddau, To be generous, liberal; open-
handed.

jft bd»u-hand, A bracelet, an armlet.
j^j bdzu-dirdz, Long-armed ; power-
ful ; oppressive.

bdtur, Name of an enchanter in Afra-
siab's army; — bd-zor, Powerful, strong,
violent.

bdzusMan, To twist ; to plait ; to

bem,

X ( 146 ) ^

l^Sifcj}^ bdtu-shikan, Powerful, oppres-
sive.

jjjVj bcmi-Tiutkoda, A petitioner.

ajU baza, A fathom ; a sheep-hook ; a
walking-stick ; a street, valley, or opening
which separates houses, <fcc. ; a kind of
hawk ; a scale-beam.

tSjW haze, One falcon; — bdzi, Play, sport;
a little sphere or ball ; the condition of or
pretention to the rank of a falcon ; — bdzi
bdzi, Carelessly, in a desultory manner ; —
bdzi ba-khdya kunad, He amuses himself
with absurdities or trifles ; — bdzi burdan,
To win in a game ;~~bdzi'i khdm, A weak
and losing game ; — - bdzi khwurdan. To be
cheated or gulled ; — bdzi i-khiyrd, Chinese
shadows ; — bdzi dddan, To deceive, to cheat ;
to increase the stake of a game ; — bdzi ehab,
Games played at night, of which seven are
mentioned ; — bazi'i ahimndstik, Gynmastic
feats (m.c.) ; — bazi'i mir u wazir, A
children's game.

)\>)k bdz-ydr, A farmer, sower ; a falconer.

tA-i\> bdz-ydft, The resumption of any-
thing ; a deduction, a stoppage ; — but ydfti
chdkar. Lands appropriated for the pay-
ment of (public) servants.

bimj, The watch of the night ; little
globes, or things suspended above infanls'
cradles for their amusement ; a collar,
chain, wreath, chaplet.

W- <4)W bdzi-jd, A play-house.

^ft bdzicha, Any little trifling amuse-
ment, child's play, fun, sport; an easy
work ;— bdzicha-guzdr kardan, To play at
children's pastimes ;— bdziehcCi rum u zangi,
Day and night ; the freaks or vicissitudes of
fortune.

yJujW bdzidan, To play ; to cause one to
play ; to lose at play, and to be agitated or
affected by it ; to spoil ; to fly ; to do re-
peatedly ; to strive ; to consecrate ; to de-
vote.

bdzera, An hour, a watch of the
night (hence bdzera'i auwal, First part of
the night; bdzera i dkhir, Last part of Ihe
night) ; a lover of women ; wanton.
buziza, A lover of women .

bdzi-kada, A place or house where
play is carried on.

\j£ (4)4 bazl-kun, Playing, player (m.c).
yU£ ^jV} bCizl-kundn, Making sport, spor-
tive.

i^ijk bdzt-gdh, A play-house.

;£>j^ bdztgar, A rope-dancer, a tumbler ;
frolicsome.

y^jl) bdz't-garn, ^jftfi bCtzi-garni, An
actress, a tumbling woman.

•Jr" <^ft bdzl-yari, Jugglery ; — bdzl-gari
kardan, To perform juggling tricks.

ji.^£>jli biizl-goeh, Cheerful, playful, wan-
ton.

a <^t) W bd-zinat, Adorned; handsome
(m.c).

jrij ^ bd-ziwar, Adorned.

ft bdzh, Tribute, toll, duty, revenue, tax,
impost ; any grievous imposition which dis-
tresses the poor or the conquered ; silence
observed by the Parsis whilst eating or per-
forming their ablutions ; a fathom ; the
shoulder ; the distance between each hand
when the arms are horizontally extended in
an opposite direction ; the arm, or the
upper part of it ; a finger-joint; name of a
town in the dependencies of Tiis, and birth-
place of Firdausi.

iftft bdzhbdn, A revenue collector ; a
tribe of Turkomans.

8 V" ft bdzh-khv>dh, fl^fj bdzh-ddr, A col-
lector of the revenues.

O^jW bdzhddn, The court of exchequer,
the fisc.

Jij ft bdzh-rand, bdzk-rang, A girdle

or breast-band for women or children.

d J -'ft bazh-satdn, A tax-gatherer, col-
lector.

s^jW bdzh-gdh, The place where a river is
crossed and a toll paid.

Ujf bdzh-giin, jV? bdzh-guna, In-
verted ; distorted; unfortunate.

ft bdzh-g'ir, A revenue collector,

yjW bdzhan, A ram or he-goat leading
the flock.

^ bdzh-ndma, A surname ; a compa-
nion.

bdzha, Revenue, tax, duty, impost,
tribute.

a ba's (v.n ), Pain, severity, tor-

ment, evil ; fortitude, intrepidity, boldness.

(j-A) bds, Ancient ; fear ; a husbandman.

a oU-'l) ba'sd', (Bodily) hardship.

j-jU^ bdsdtir, Explanation, commentary.

jL.^ bd-sdr, Prepared (m.c ).

yUL. t» bd 8dm an, An honest man ; pa-
tient ; abstinent, continent ; wise, intelli-
gent.

(jL.li bdssdn (probably misreading for
y\~li , taking the J for \ and the Sukiin for
Tashdid), The bahn-tvce ; balsam.

T yLAj bdssdn, Who destroys (m.c).

u*ft~k bdsbus, Sweet marjoram.

a bdssat, Mecca.

jLs_Ai bdstdr, Of the same kind, equal,
alike; one, anyone, such a one; an acces-
sory word in a speech or sentence ; an
absurd answer to any argument ; — bdstdr u
bietdr. So and so.

ybt~.lt bdstdn, Ancient, preceding, old ;
the past; the world, fortune; solitary; (in
Zand and Pazand) date.

4*\i yV~-Aj bdstdn-numa, Name of a his-
tory of Persia.

j^i.^ bdstardk, <£f~k bdstarak, A kind
of starling or thrush.

bdsti, Humility, lowliness.

yW*~W bdatiydn, Bastion, battery (m.c.
from Fr.).

y~~A» bdetin, = q.v,

( U7 )

a (jiA ^ 6(?siV ehudan, To retreat, run
away.

f/-^ bdsram, A field prepared for sowing ;
a sown field.

bdsara, Tillage, agriculture.

a bdsit, One who spreads abroad or
stretches out; a name of God, who dis-
penses riches to whom he will ; distant
from water (pasture).

bastiyus (G. cre/Jaoros) , Prefect of
the Greek army ; substitute for a king,
viceroy.

jU-lj bdsgrftdq, jU-Ij bdsiqdq, & ( ?si-
jiin, (in .Khwarazra) A viceroy, governor.

a frusij, Tall (palm-tree) ; a delicious
yellow fruit ; name of a village near Bagh-
dad.

bdsuk, A gaping, yawning; drowsi-
ness ; — bdsuk kardan, To yawn.
a^L.^ basgiina, Gift, present.
a J-lj basil, A strong, intrepid man, a
hero ; a lion.

a c^- 4 bd-sildh, Possessed of arms.
y*)L-lf bdsilus (G. ffao-iXevs), A king.

bdeiliq (G. /JcunAucos), The basilica,
or middle artery of the arm.
a Aa-L. bdsaliqa, Tasteful (m.c.).
bdmnar, Beans.

W bdsang, Heavy ; great, powerful.
bd*xi, A stick, staff, cudgel.
a y~A» bdsur, EmerodB, piles ; an hemor-
rhage or flux of blood at the nose.
basii-B, Caper-root,
bdsa. Black-faced ; criminal, dis-
graced.

a W bd-sahm, Terrible, fearful.

bdsij, A swallow.
(a^s-V bdsldan, To guard, preserve.

bdsira, A poet, repeater of verses ; a
reciter of history, teller of tales ; a sown
field.

i>4 bash (imp. of budan), Be, stay, re-
main, wait, be still ; (ad.) ancient ; — (for

4 Id it) with him, etc.

1*4 basha, Being, existing ; a basha (a
corruption of bddshdh) , governor of a pro-
vince, counsellor of state, great lord ; also
sometimes the grand vazir; a kind of fal-
con, a hawk.

t *3»^ i>4 achiq (open, i.e. bare-
headed), Mingrelians (m.c).

bdshdm, A veil ; a note in music ;
fat (comp. next article but one).

i*\Jk\) bdehdma, A veil.

iitfcl} bdshdna, Fat ; the oil of nuts ;
things scattered, dispersed ; selected,
chosen.

c^aVj bdsht, The main beam of a house.

bdshtarak, A starling or stare ; a

swallow.

bdshtin, Fruit growing from the
midst of a tree without any previous blos-
som ; name of a village in the district of
Sabzahwar.

bdshad (aor. of budan), Be it so !
entreaty ; — bdshad hi, It may be that ;
would that it were !

j*^ bdshir, Name of a celebrated strong-
hold in the North of Aleppo.

ijr-^i bdshish, Residence, stay.

a ^4 bushaq (for P. basha), A sparrow-
hawk.

iS*W bdshiqa, Dirt adhering to the hands.

j£*4 bdshkfi, Hold fast ! take care !

ifiiX> bd-shukuh, Majestic (m.c).

«°Jj£*A> bdshguk, Skilful, knowing ; dexte-
rous, expert in the management of affairs.

£>y£s>L; bush-gun, <sij£*A} bdsh-guna, In-
verted, reversed ; a cross birth (the side or
feet of the infant lying nearest to the
orifice of the womb).

j^j&jSaI; bdsh-gimagl, Coutrariety.

bdshli^k, ji*^ bdshliq, Leader,
commander-in-chief.

t l _j S E r «»AU bdehmaqahi, A lackey (m.c).

bdshndma, Favour, obligation ;
pride, boast ; a title or nickname (good or
bad).

B.UA.U bdshatida, Being j staying ; an inha-
bitant ; — bdshandarjdn^ Inhabitants.

<*kjkii bdshank, bdshang, A bunch

of grapes hanging from the tree ; a small
cluster of grapes dried on the stalk ; a cu-
cumber kept for seed.

yUU&lj bushingdn, A melon-bed.

<^*-i*l} bdshnln, Loppings, branches, or
bark, cut or torn from the extremities of
trees.

^ bdshu, A lizard.

a Sjyfclj bdshurat, A bastion, an intrench-
ment.

bdshuma, A woman's veil.

aa-Ij basha, A sparrow-hawk ; — basha' i fa-
lak, The sun ; the eagle {a constellation).

L^M} bdshi, A pimp, a cuckold (in the
dialect of Khurasan).

(jj-A-lj bashidan, To be ; to stand, stay,
stop, tarry, remain, dwell; to tratnple,
tread ; to spurn.

bdshln, Ohips ; loppings of trees.

a Sj*b basirat {bdsira), The eye; vision,
sight.

o U« U bd-sa/d, Pure, clean, free ; plea-
sant, cheerful, pretty (m.c).

A bi-asli'hi, By its origin or nature ;
essentially.

A £iV> bdzi', Cutting, keen (sword) ;
name of an island off the coast of Bahrain.

y^lj bdtarun (?), Name of a Mobed of
the Qaisar at the time of Anosherwaii ; a
high mountain in Iium, where festivals
were celebrated.

bdtis (G. /Sorts, /Jarog), The bramble.
bdtisa, A field, a plain.

t ijStW bdtldq (also bdildq, batldq, bat-
laq), Marsh (m.c).

a JU» bdtil (ag. of Jl=i), False, wrong,
untrue, idle, absurd, futile ; null, void ; —

( 148 )

bdtiln 'e-sihr. What counteracts witchcraft,
a counter-char in ; — bdtil shndan, To come
to nothiug, to deteriorate ; — bdtil Jcardan,
To annul, to make of uo avail, to frustrate
(m.c).

a jV* batil-kfiwar, What consumes,
i.e. destroys, falsehood.

a Jl»^ bdtil-sitez, Waging war against
falsehood.

a a!U» bdtila, A cancelled entry in a book.

a ^AU? butill, Vanity, folly, absurdity.

A yM? bat in, Interior ; esoteric ; intrinsic;
the secret thoughts ; mind, heart ; — bat in
ba-ham khmirdan, The heart grows sick.

a y-? yJ»V> bfitin-bln, A close observer ;
who looks at the inside of things.

a lmS &\> btilin't, — (jt^ bdtin, q.v,

& — »tV> batisa, A field, a plain.

a jV«^> ba-i'tibdr, In respect of; by rea-
son of; according to,

A o~el> bd'is, One who sends, or excites ;
an author, cause, occasion, subject ; a name
of God ; on account of, by reason of ; —
bd'ixi tail u nahdr, God ; the sun.

a ^4 bd'id (ag. o£ ^t), Remote, distant,
far off.

a ft*- y pj£ ^! ba-'aztn-u-hazm, Resolute and
energel ic (m.c.).

a fjie V> bd-'if.aiti, Magnificent, SUmp-
tUOilS.

h bCi'urd, Beor, father of Balaam.

£W bdgk, A garden ; a vineyard ; the
world ; the face of the beloved ; — bdgM dhu
(zdgha.ii, murad), Names of three gardens
in Harat ; — bdgM iram, The terrestrial
paradise, devised by Shaddiid ;—bagh bdgk,
Joy ! pleasure ! — bdghi badi' (rafi', quds,
wasi'), The firmament; paradise; — bdgM
bulbul, Name of a garden in Isfahan; —
bdghi pur eitdra, A garden full of flowers ;
—bdijhi dilkmhd ('abdi bdqi, naslr). Names
of three gardens at Taft in the province of
Yazd ; — bdijhi rangin, The world ; — bdghi
timisld.nl, A winter-garden (m.c.) ; — bdghi
eabz numudan, To make deceptive pro-
mises, to cheat ; — bdghi siped, A garden
with white walls ; name of a garden founded
by Queen Noshiiba in Barda' ; — bdijhi sakhd
(garden of liberality), The world ; a liberal
man ; — bdijhi siydwushdn, Name of a note in
music ; — bdghi ehikufa-fashdn, A weeping
eye ; — bdgM shahrydr, Name of a musical
modulation ; — bdghi ehlnn, A note in
music; the fourth of the thirty musical
modulations invented by Barbud ; — bdghi
lail u nahdr (garden of night and day),
God; the sun ; — bdghi naeim, A garden in
Kashmir; — bdghi nazar, A garden in Kar-
man, containing a large lake ; — bdghi naqsh,
The design of a garden drawn on paper or
cloth ; — ba rjh i wahsh (wuhush), Zoological
gardens (m.c.) ; — bdghi hazar dirakht.
Name of a garden of fcjultfm Mahmud in
Ghazna.

bdghdt (Ar. pi. of P. bagfi), Gar-
dens.

yW 4 ^} bdghbdn, \jt> £1) bdgk-pird, A gar-
dener ; a vine-dresser.

^jUi^ bdghbilnl, The care of a garden,
horticulture ; — bdghbdni numudan, To keep
or dress a garden, to practise horticulture.
bdghach, Unripe grapes.

y^j*^ bdghfihiwan, A gardener.

bdghcha, A little garden, a garden.

•^i bdgAcha-band, Flower-beds, laid

out in flower-beds (m.c).

^Sif bdghcha-bandi, Ornamental

gardening; — bdghcha-bandi kardan, To lay
out in flower-beds (m.c).

a V bd-gharaz, Who acts with inte-
rested motives; untrustworthy (m.c).

bdghir, SjiVj bdgMra, A* swelling in
the body, a wen.

ybu-tl} bdghi&tdn, A vineyard ; a palace-
park ; the gardens and vineyards surround-
ing a town (m.c.).

J£V> bdghil, A cow-house; a sheep-fold.

a ft l» bd-ijho,m, Sad, sorrowful.

a t_s*^i bd-ghami, Sadness, sorrowfulness.
bdghanj, Unripe grapes.

Aiili baghand, s.i^±lf bdghanda, Picked,
teased, or carded cotton.

Cjty^ bdghwdn, A gardener.

ufe^fcb bdghosh, Immersion.

bdghi, Grown in a garden ; hor-

tulan.

a bdghi, A seeker, an inquirer ; a

tyrant, oppressor, extortioner ; rebellious,
revolting, disloyal ; traitor ; mutineer, in-
surgent; — bdghi shudan bd, To rebel against,
to resist, to oppose.

a ^ o*** haghl.gari, Rebellion, insurrec-
tion.

t-iVj bdf (in comp. as part, of bdftan),
Weaving, e.g. kandri-bdf, A lace-maker.
baft, Texture, textile.

bdftogi, Texture.
bdftan (S. vap), To weave, intertwine,
plait, twist.

bafla, Woven, twisted ; mohair
buttons ; a rope; a kind of cotton cloth ; a
colour in pigeons.

,«.xil} hdj'dam, bdfdum, Last ; end ; hence-
forth.

a t^t) ba-ifrdt, In abundance ; in excess ;
plentifully ; excessively.

y^^i bdfarjan, An ankle-ornament, an
anklet.

viXu&ji If bti-farhang, Sublime, wise, noble.

^y^) bdfarrahl, Glorious, illustrious.

ba-dfirin (poet, bdfirlii), Praised,
praiseworthy ; blessed.

bdf-kdr, A weaver.

jjilj bdfaq, Name of a town belonging to
Yazd, birth-place of the poet Wahsh), who
hence is called —

^si'v bdfaql, Of or born in Biifaq.

Ji4 bdfal, An idiot, ignoramus ; reviling.

( 149 )

^SxiiU bdfandagi, Weaving texture.

sjjjii ba/andah, A weaver.

tt&iV) bdfanag, tAii^ bdfanak, A kind of
marten or sable.

bdfxdan, To weave, plait, or twist.

a /t? A herd of oxen (with their

keepers) ; deeply versed in science or know-
ledge ; a lioti j a vein in the corner of the
eye ; cows.

a ,_5>^ ;*4 bdqir~khdnl. Bread, butter, and
milk.

a bdqi'at, An evil, calamity, misfor-
tune, hardship.

a JiV» bdqil, Name of a man proverbial
for stupidity and laziness.

a baqilii\ A bean (Faba sativa).

a i_s>1UI> bdqiUdni, A vendor of beans ;
nickname of a celebrated scholar.

y4 baqii, The planet Mars ; name of a man.

a bnqi, Remaining, left; alive; per-
manent, durable, fixed, firm ; immortal,
everlasting, eternal ; one of the names of
God ; remainder, rest ; balance, arrears ;
(adv.) for the rest ; upon the whole ;
— bdqi'i dastdn ba-fardd shab, The rest of
the tale to-morrow night, said in putting
off the termination of any undertaking ; —
— bdqi xhudan, To remain, continue, endure ;
bdqi guzashtan, To allow to remain in ; to
leave over and above.

a bdqiydt (pJ. of bdqiyai), Re-

mainders, balances, arrears ; — bdqiydii hdl,
Current balances.

a bdqiyai, bdqiya, Remaining ; re-
mainders.

a fo\y* bdqi-khazdna, Arrears of re-
venue, rent or taxes.

« ij*** baqi-ddr, Owing a balance, in
arrear.

a i$$ J o*^ bdql-duri, The owing a balance,
ihe being in arrears.

a buqi-farzi, Nominal balance.

a ^JiU ^jfa baqi-mdndagi, Continuance,
permanency ; a remaining or a being left
behind.

a sjiU btiqi-mdnda, A remainder ; a
survivor ; leavings ; the balance of an
account.

^ bdh, Fear, dread, timidity ; care, soli-
citude ; attention ; species, sort ; — hah
dashtan, To dread ; to be anxious, careful,
timid, apprehensive.

bd-kdr, Occupied, busy.

a i^-s^,) (j^jSIj bdkirdni bihisht, The virgins
of paradise.

a ti-iUS'lj bd-kifdgat, Able, clever, capable.

a JW£ V bd-kamdl, Exquisite, excellent,
perfect.

■^li bdlcand, A ruby ; red ; wine.

f>i bdhu (contr. from >>W q.v.), Name
of a city and fortress.

A rf\>, bdJcdr, The first rain in the spring ;
morning rain; anything which soon reaches
maturity.

A bdkilrat, baktira, First-fruits, early
fruits, first of anything.

bdkaivaih, Name of a city in Persia.
<tf W bd Jci, With whom ?
a |_5^ bdki, A weeper.
ij-uSV bdktdan, To fear.

bdkida, A kind of silken stuff ; a

ruby.

*/^» bdgra, A swelling on the body, a
wen ; a bodily affliction arising from another
such.

bdgal, Milk-warm water.
bd-guhar, Noble, of illustrious race ;
adorned with jewels ; rich in jewels.

bdl, An arm; a wing; stature; the
upper part, top ; a kind of laTge scaly fish ;
the hair on the puhes ; growing ; — bdl afgan-
dan, To drop the wing, to become weak or
disheartened \—bdli tdz-rav, A white cloud
appearing suddenly on a darkly clouded
sky and bringing rain ; — ba-bdli digare
paridan, To act under another's protection.

A bdl, The heart, mind, soul ; state,
condition ; affluence, easy circumstances,
conveniences.

34 bald, Height, altitude, tallness ; sta-
ture ; summit ; a mountaiu ; length (of a
road) ; the upper hand ; a horse led for
parade; high, exalted, elevated, supreme ;
above, upwards ; — bald dmadan (raftan),
To ascend, to mount ; — bald burdan Mr, To
promote or push on an affair; — bdld'i par.
dum guzldan, To boast, when there is
nothing to boast of ; — bald raftan damd'jji,
To become proud ; — bald raftan kdr, The
business advances ; — bdld'i sari kase dwar.
dan, To bring over one's head, i.e. to
one's bedside (m.c.) ; — bald kardan, To
exalt, extol; to raise, to erect (m.c.) ; — bald
kashldan, To rise, to grow ; — bald giriflan,
To get the upper hand ; to rise ; — bald
giriftan kdr, Matters take a satisfactory
shape ; — bald nishastan, To sit in the place
of honour (m.c.) ; — bald 11 paeti, Altitude
and humility.

s SI) bald, An odoriferous grass.

^ bdld-bdl, Firm; strongly, vehe-
mently.

Slf bdld-bd,ld, Deceitfully, fraudu-
lently.

(^i ^ bdld-bdn, A drum (in.c).

bdtdbdnji, A drummer (m.c).
f. $k bald-bar. Part of the dress which
laps over the thigh.

SI) bdld-bar-dmadagi, Height,
sx.^ j SV; bdld-bar-dmada, Risen high,
■wi) K) bdld-buland, Of high stature.

bald-band, A turban ; upper gar.

rnent.

l> bd-ldba, Full of flattery.

J*)> bdld-po&h, An outer garment ; ;i
counterpane, coverlet; an overcoat (m.c).

/>W bdldtar, Higher, superior, more emi-
nent.

( 150 )

a jteS^ hi 'l-ittifdq, With (one) consent.
a bi 'l-ijmal, Completely, in the

whole; collectively, jointly; in a body, as
one mass.

S^j bdld-]chdna, An upper chamber,
gallery, or balcony on the top of the
house, a parlour ; — bdld-khdna'i wkdrat,
Rank of vazlr.

^jtS^ bdld-lthwdm. Hyperbole; eulogy.
bdldd, A baggage-horse.
3l» bdld-dardz, Tall, of high stature.
ut~-> J^} bald-dast, Superior, uppermost ;
The chief seat ; precedency ; exquisite, pre-
cious.

bald-dasti, Clandestine exactions.
bdld-dawl, Velocity, speed.
bdldda, A led horse, a horse of

state.

baldz, A baggage -horse.
bdldr. The main beam of a house ; a
Bon dutiful to his mother.

A bi 'l-irddat, bi 'l-irdda, On pur-

pose, intentionally, wilfully.

u&s-j bdld-rustagi, Germination,

growth.

baldz, A led horse ; a pack-horse.
balds, A kind of fine, soft, thin
armosin silk ; an old piece of cloth ; a kind
of coarse woollen stuff, such as they put
under burdens on the backs of horses or
camels.

t^*^ bdldftan, To strain, purify, &c,

(= tl^.q^)'

jJ^W bdldgar, The main beam of a house.

JSVi btildl, The main beam of a house.

t>SW bdldn, Growing, increasing, extend-
ing ; moving, oscillating ; a springe ; a
space between two doors or between a gate
and the house.

yjj^ bdldndan, To grow ; to cause to
grow.

sjjSU bdldnda, Growing ; moving ;
shaken.

*l» bdld-nishln, Sitting high, occupy-
ing the chief seat ; — bdld-nishini masnadi
sultdni, Sitting upon a royal tln'one ; —
bdld-nishhiani masnadi irshdd, Those who
take the lead in directing others on the
right way.

a^i bdldna, Growing, increasing ; moving,
oscillating ; a space between two doors, a
vestibule.

bdldni, Movable, oscillatory ; a
pack-horse ; a covering for the head.

(jxjU^ bdldnidan, To extol, to commend ;
to let the hair grow ; to cause to move.

ti~«j } % bald u past, Above and below ;
heaven and earth ; the world.

bdldwar, A pitcher full of water.

»s-*a Stj bdld-himniat, Magnanimous,
noble-minded ; generous ; beneficent ; most
favourable.

tsSV} baldy, A horse led for parade.

yUtiliS^ bdldydnidan, bdld'idan,

To extend, enlarge, spread, reach, arrive at,
overtake ; to become long ; to equal,
match ; to ripen ; to roll, wallow, toss ; to
become turbid, muddy ; to fear, dread ; to
commend highly.

bdldyak, A gnat, a small fly.
iptF&k bdld'in, Above, superior.

bdld'i-yafi, Perquisites.
a y^* 5 ^ bi 'l-bandn, With the tips of
the fingers.

u-n^ bdlbus, The kingdom of Kandahar.
bdl-par, The adoption of better

habits.

a yOi-«MKj bi 't-lafchsis, Especially, parti-
cularly.

a e*/"*^ bi 't-tasrih, In detail ; expressly,
distinctly, explicitly.

wa 'l-ijmal,

Prolixly and compendiously, diffusively
and succinctly,

a ;>>mbJW bi 't-taqdlT, By chance, providen-
tially.

a pWiJVj bi 't-tamdm, Totally, entirely.

Aj*<*JW bi 'l-jabr, By force, violently.

a *U^J4 bi 'l-jumla, Totally, generally, or
universally ; on the whole, in a word, to
sum up all.

A jaasS^s bi 'l-khair, Happily, fortunately ;
in a good manner, well.

bdl-ddr, Winged (m.c).

A uwliJlj bi 'z-zdt, In person, by himself;
essentially, naturally, originally.

yj3V} bal-zan, Moving, striking the wings,
flying; business; (imp.) move the wings.

(jjj^j bdl-zin. The flap of a-^addle.

ct~~i^ bdlast, A virgin, a maid.

ijjji— bdlustan, To bless, invoke blessings.

yiJV> bdlish, A cushion, pillow ; a staple;
a weight of gold (eight miskals and two
danaks) ; growth, increase ; development ;
vegetation ; — bdlishi par, A feather pillow ;
— bdlishi takya, A cushion to put under
one's elbow ; — bdlishi chdv (chdwu), Paper
money ; — bdlishi zar, Gold coin ; — bdlishi
'all, A high throne ; — bdlishi narm zeri sar
guzashtan (nihddan), To cheer with kindly
words ; — bdlishi nuqra, Silver coin,

<jt~iJ4 bdlisht, A cushion, a pillow ; a
span ; — bdlishti par, A feather pillow.

4j^aJ4 bdlisMcha, A little cushion or
pillow.

laix-tl^ bdlishtak, A little cushion, a pad ;
a bandage for a broken bone.

balushtan, To invoke a blessing.

i^jijli bdlishcha, A little cushion put
upon a saddle ; — bdlishcha'i surin, A pad
worn by women to give a prominence to the
hips, dress-improver (P).

csJuJ^ bdlishak, The flap of a saddle ; a
pad.

idU£Jl> bdlishnak, Another reading for
usJe^jJb q.v.

a Sjjj-aSW bi 'z-?arura, Of necessity, by
force.

( 151 )

A bi 't-tab', Naturally.

a (j~£«5U bi 'l-'aks, On the contrary, the
roverse, on the other hand ; vice versa.

a H 'l-'amum, Commonly, gene-

rally.

$4 bdlayh. Name of a country north of
Persia ; — bdlipfc, bdlu gh , A cup nia.de of
horn, in use among the Georgians ; a goblet
of wine.

a <*!li bCdiak (ag. of Attaining or

having attained to puberty ; an adult ; of
mature age ; good, excellent ; bdligli shu.
dan, To come of age.

a f&Z £ll> bdligh-JeaMm, Of mature speech.

a }H bcditfh-nazar. Of penetrating

sight, looking intently at.

a &*1\> btiligha, Arrived at maturity (a
girl).

a (ji^ bi 'l-farz, On the supposition
that, supposing ; granted ; admitting for
the sake of argument.

a J*^ bi 'l-fi'l, In fact, actually, really,
effectually ; at this hour, now, presently.

o o~"'^ bdlqis, Bugloss, borage.

a *^t> bi 'l-qasd, On purpose, designedly.

a t^\> H 'l-qawat, With power, power-
fully, vigorously.

*>^3^ balkdna, A lattice window.

a J3\> bi 'l-kull (or iUKn> bi 'hhulliyai),
Totally, entirely, wholly, universally, all
together.

ty^} brdhon, A balcony (m.c. from Fr.
balcon).

a MSU bi Huh, By God 1— bi 'lldh raftan,
To go to school.

a Avili*JU bi 'l-mushdfaha, and —

a s*feU^JV> n 'Umushilhada, Pace to face,
in the presence of, before.

A 4jA«*5V) li %ma'tui, Really, truly, in
reality ; mysteriously.

a 41>U*S^ u 'l.muqtlbala, Face to face ;
before.

a 4«W!l> bi 'l-maqta'a, According to
agreement, stipulated ; fixed ; consolidated.
a fa 'Umundsafa, By half.

a a^j^JU U 'l-mwwajaha, In presence of.

bdlanda, Growing.
a bi 'n-nisba, In comparison.

bdlang, An orange ; a cucumber.
bdlingu, A species of sweet basil ; a
citron ; the mountain-balm or calamint ; —
baliivjiCi Ichwurd, A species of Bweet basil.

balu, A wart ; a uterine brother ; the
cry of one in sadness ; ring-worm ; a
cherry. ,

bdlawd, A tetter or ring-worm.
a s-=iAj!^ bi 'l-wdjib, Necessarily, properly.
bdlwdd, A bustard.
bdlwdr, Winged.
6jUW bdlwaza, A swing, a see-saw.

bdlwdsd, Cloth in the loom, the

warp.

4»\j!U bulwdna, A small black bird, by
the people of Shlriiz called wdsha.

4 *JW bdlwdh, A swallow.
& >fy^ bdlwdya, A swallow.
bdlud, Increase.
bdludan, To grow, to increase.
)^ bdlwar, Winged,

<tfj>^ bdlwarta, A sparrow ; a swallow ; a
butterfly ; a bat.

^j^> bdlurgi, A cullender or strainer.
balds, Adulterated camphor.
bdlush, An idol; a louse; impure,
nasty ; adulterated camphor.

a (Jt^^'i) bdlil'at, A bole or sink in the
middle of houses in the East, into which
they sweep the filth, and in which rain-
water falls; a sewer; a place for washing
the face and hands.

a UjJIj bi 'l-wafd, In sincerity, in truth,
in reality.

*3j^ bdluya, A swallow ; a bird of Para-
dise.

bdla, A kind of sack ; a ballet (m.c.
from Fr. ballet).

A ^ bdli, Old, worn (garment).

hdlid, He increased ; a rustic shoe.
u&J^ bdlidagl, Growth, vegetation ;
pride.

O^^! bdlidan, To grow, to wax great.
bdlida, Extended; grown (hair).

j-^^l bdlesar (S. bdle.wara). The town of
Balasore in India.

a bi 'l-yaqin, Of a surety ; as-

suredly, certainly.

•sW^ bdlik, A shoe, a slipper.

t^«JW bdlln, A pillow, a cushion ; a couch ;
bed ; — bdlln nhikastan, To rise in honour of
a visitor ; — balm kaj nihddan, To render
proud ; — balin garddndan blmdr, The
patient is extremely ill.

ut—jj bdlin-parad, Lazy, unem-

ployed.

o-r^ bdlyus, The country of Kandahar,

C^> bam, Morning, dawn, break of day ;
light, splendour ; a roof ; a ceiling of a
room (external or internal) ; a terrace ; the
thickest string or base of a musical instru-
ment ; (for f\j warn) debt ; (in comp. for
f»U fdm, q.v.) inclining to (colour) ; — bdmi
badi' (raft', riwdqi badi', fardkh, gushdda-
■riwdq, nuhum, icafi'), The ninth or empy-
rean heaven ; — bdmi buland, Any lofty
building ; the sky ; — bam bi-nishast u dstdn
bar-khust, The house was utterly ruined ; —
bdmi chashm, The eye-lid ; — bdmi khazrd.
Heaven ; — bdmi tsamdna, The lower heaven,
the firmament ;—bdmi maelh, The fourth
heaven; — bam nishastan, To.be ruined and
desolate.

^» W bd md. With us.

JU \j bd-mdi, Wealthy.

ij^i bdmbara. Dignity, order, degree.

J±)i p\) bdm-posh, A roof-covering ; a
roof.

bdmddd, q\A±*\> bamdadan, In the
morning ; at break of day.

( 152 )

s\£» (jjluWl) lam ddddn-pagdh, The first
light of morning ; early.

^jWIi bdmdddl, Matutinal, matutine.

O 11 "^ bdmadan (for ba-dmadan), To
enter, come in.

tyk bdm-rah (way to the roof), A ladder,
stair.

<>} (kt bdm-zad, A kettle-dram.

&y ^ bd-maza. Sweet, savoury ; tasteful.
bdmas, bdmus, Sated with the world ;
weary of foreign travel, but unable to
return home.

yy— *W bdm-sutiln, A terrace, or balcony.

a • ba-maehanat, Modest ; poor.

■iU^4 bdmshdd, Name of a famous musi-
cian.

0 U=1£ f,\f bdm-gjyxltdn, A roller for flatten-
ing roofs, &c. (m.c.j.

bdm-gdh, Morning ; early in the

morning.

yljjJ" |«U bam-gardun, yS£ bdm-guldn,
A large stone roller used for smoothing
and hardening the flat mud-plastered roofs
of houses.

t)"* W ba man, With me.

y.iirfU bdm-nieMn, Ruined, destroyed.

a Ey* ^ bd-mauj, Billowing, tumultuous.

cy*^ banian, A scoundrel, coward ; cata-
aite.

btima, A long beard; long-bearded
jan).

jV ^ bd-muhr, Sealed, closed ; suspended.
bdm'i, Name of the city of Balkb.

yU-lj bdmiydn, An indifferent writer, an
inaccurate scribe ; name of a district in
Kohistim.

^j<^. bdml-rak, A step ; a window in a
gate.

y*-*^ bdmvn, (ftm*^ bdmiyin, A town in
Hanit.

bdmiya, An esculent mallow (Abel-
moschus esculenta).

y4 ban (S. suffix van), A prince, lord,
chief, or governor ; (S. nana) an arrow ; an
iron rocket used in war ; (for bam) a roof ;
(for bang) a cry ; affixed to a noun, it signi-
fies a keeper or a guardian, as bdgkbdn, A
gardener; darbdn,- A door-keeper.

A ban, Name of a tree, the myro-
balan, whence the fine balsam called ben-
zoin or benjamin is extracted; it resembles
the tamarisk, and grows in great abundance
in Arabia ITelix ; the gum herb Itidan.

h bdndt, Broad-clotb.

J")^ uuUV; btindt-farosh, A woollen-
draper.

s (j-AjVj bdndras, Benares, in India,
situated on the bank of the Ganges, held
sacred by the Brahmans.
^> bd-ndm, Illustrious.

a s-^ banal, Name of a town in Bu-
khara.

^sty t)4 bdn-barblld (in Zand), An ele-
phant.

yW bdn-parast (S. vana-prastha), An
anchoret.

a v'W*'^ ba-intijdb, At the discretion and
choice (m.c).

W=4 bdnjd (for ba-dnjd), There, to that
place.

bans (S. vansa), A bamboo.
S\'y bd-nizhdd, Of illustrious race.
a i_J^V» ba-dntaraf, Onwards (m.c).
a W bd-nazm, Well disciplined (m.c.).
y£Ji>^ bdnqish, A berry called ban or wan
from which, when pounded, they make a
decoction.

«&^» bdnhi daulati, The State Bank

(m.c).

<ji^} bdnkash (for bang-hash), A kind of
pigeon with a plaintive voice.

4iS>^ bang, Voice, sound, noise, cry,
clamour ; name of a fragrant shrub, and of
a medicinal seed ; — bdngi alldh (bdngi
namde), The call to prayer, by the crier,
from the minarets or towers of the mosques;
— bang bar ablaq eadan, To exclaim against
fortune; — bang bar qadam ea dan, To walk
briskly ; — bdngi khuros, The cock's cry ; —
bdngi khalilu 'lldhi, A shout of alldh akbar,
uttered by wrestlers, when lifting up their
adversary and flinging him on the ground
(said to be called thus because Abraham,
on rising or sitting down, each time ejacu-
lated alldh akbar .') ; — bdngi rawdrav, The
blast of a trumpet announcing the approach
of a great man ; — bang zadan, To withhold,
keep ; to drive, repel ; — bdngi 'angd, Name
of a note in music ; — bang kardan, To
crow ; — bungi hdivan, A proclamation of tbe
Muhammadan religion; a knowledge of
the Muhammadan law.

»s£>^ bang-ddr, Q-rowling (a cloud
with thunder).

yj ti&W bdng-zan, The muezzin.
yxiji bdngusht (for ba-angvsht)

giriftan, To reckon.

&£j\> bdnga, Noise, vociferation,
h bdngah, Raw cotton,
y-u&^j bdngidan, To cry with a loud voice,
yt} band, A princess ; a lady ; a bride ; a
flagon of wine; a goblet of rose-water; —
bdnu'i maehriq, The sun ; — bdnu'i misr,
Zulaikhii (Potiphar's wife) ; — nargis bdnu'i
shahld-chashm, The lady Narcissa with
black eyes (i.e. the narcissus), or (figura-
tively) a beautiful woman.

\y \>. bd-nawd, Having a sweet voice ;
pleasant ; rich ; fortunate ; a man's name.

f,j\ yW band iram (?), Name of Qev's
sister, wife of Rustam.

ayt> bdnu), §y^ bdndch, A swing, see-
saw ; a suspended cradle.

<-.~~tt yU band gaehasb, Rustam's
daughter.

&*\t bdna, Pubes ; the hair about those
parts.

a bani, A builder, maker, architect ;

( )

a composer, an author; inventor, contriver;
beginner, instigator ; source, origin.

W bd-niydzdn, The indigent ; crea-
tures.

bdni-kur, An architect ; a com-
poser.

iSj^ bdnl-hdri, Architecture.
a ba'w (v.n.), Being proud, vain-
glorious; boasting, bragging.
•fc f>fj, o, With him.

fy* bd % id, An idol (the word but, idol,
consisting of the letters b and t) ; — bd u td-
ehihan, The breaker of idols (Abraham).

a ^fty ^ bti-wujud, Existing, being pre-
sent ; in consequence; excepting, with the
exception ; nevertheless, notwithstanding ;
particularly, chiefly, especially ; namely.

^ bdwar, True, creditable ; belief, credit,
acceptance ; — bdwar hardan (also bdwar
daehtan), To believe, to credit.

bdivctrchi, (in Khwarazm) An officer
who attends to a great man's table, and
whose duty it is to taste his master's food ;
a cook.

bawarcht-ic&ana, A kitchen.
^ft)}^ bdwarchi-gari, The culinary

art.

bilward, Name of a hero ; also of a
city founded by him.

<j-*)J* bdwardi, Of or belonging to Ba-
ward ; a kind of pottage.

bdwars, Games with dice or cards ;
a woman whose husband has another pro-
lific wife.

fcj^U bdwaridan, To believe, to give
credit.

i^-j^ b&wusni, The wife of a husband
who has another wife and a child, a rival
wife ; one of several wives of the same
husband ; a wife whom her husband does
not love and seldom visits.

<-**j 4 6a was/. Notwithstanding.

fa ^ bd waqdr, Gravely, with dignity ;—
bd-waqdr, Majestical ; dignified.

J^W bdwal, Name of a place famed for
its silks.

ijjk bavll, A bird whose wings being
partially deprived of their feathers is
turned loose, that a young falcon may
easily catch him, and thus be taught to
hunt ; a large well b&wall, Made in Ba-
wal.

<jj l» bd way, With him ; — bawl (for
baski, 2nd sing. aor. of biidan), Thou mayst
be ; come along ; go to.

bdwer, Bavaria (m.c. from Vv. Ba-

viere).

bdwln, A basket, &■ Kfomaii's work-
basket.

a>4 bdh (for pah), Soup, broth ; meat ;
victuals ; (for bad) be it so.

a. bafc, Lust ; sperm ; sexual inter-
course.

bdha, A kind of food.

A cup;

a mode of reading ;

bdknr,
a dialect.

oi~fcL> bdhat, A stone which is said to
make any person laugh whose eyes should
chance to light upon it ; astonished, thun-
derstruck.

SJ4>i} bd-huda, Time, just.

^ ^ bd har, With every, with all.

a jfcVj bdJiir, Superior, excellent ; open,
public, manifest; — bdhiru 'l-iqbdl, Most
prosperous ; — bdhir u zdMr tear dan, To
make manifest and tlear.

ij^U bd-huih (for bd-hosh), Sensible, in-
telligent.

a ls=Js>W bdhiz, Troublesome, difficult ; a
calamity, misfortune ; — bdhiz kardan, To
vex.

csIaV} bdhak, Pain, torture, rack.

^j-uSaI} bdhakidan, To put to the rack.

a J*W bdHl, Sauntering about doing
nothing ; free from control ; without a
nose-ring or pack-saddle (camel) ; staffless
(shepherd).

^ *>W bd-ham, Together, along with ; — bd-
ham dmadan, To come together ; to fly in a
passion ; — bd-hamdigar. Together, along
with; by mutual endeavours; — bd-ham vast
hardan, To confront, compare, collate ; — bd-
ham Sudan, To chafe, to rub against one
another ; — bd-ham (ba-dhan) kashidan, To
chain, to fetter ; — bd-ham shir u shaha/r bu-
dan, To be milk and sugar together, to be
on very friendly terms.

bdhum, A fair wind, the wind in

poop.

yU-cAj bahmdn, He, such a one, a certain
person.

<j~+aIj bd-himmai, Majestic (m.c).
iS <i*jfc^ bd-hama M, Though, notwith-
standing.

y*^ bdhu, The arm from the elbow to the
shoulder ; a walking-stick, club ; a shep-
herd's staff.

<s*^ bdha, A lake, a pond ! a strong horse,

<jU bay, A city.

^ bdyd, It is proper, it behoveth.

ji pb\t bdyydm (ba-aiydm) bar dma-
dan, To grapple with adversity, to contend
against misfortune.

A <J* bi-aiyi hdl, How? in any case ;
in whatever circumstances it may be.

aA? bdyad, It is necessary, behoves ; —
— bdyad shdyad, As it should be, fit,
proper; — gar-ai bdyad hi, If it is conve-
nient to you, if you please ; — gar sharaf
bdyad-at, If you wish for honour, dignity,
or high degree.

->*>>4 bdyizld, A proper name (Bapzet).

a y-fy baie, Miserable, pressed with
want .

« — >W bdyist, It is necessary, it behoveth ;
— bdyisii vjaqt, As the case requires.

s^i-ilj bdyistagdh, The heart's desire,
wish.

( 154 )

^'" ■t^ bdyistagi, State of being neces-
sary, necessity, need.

*W bdyistan, To be necessary or requi-
site.

o"— bdyistanl, Necessary or proper to
be done ; fit for.

bdyista, Required ; necessary ; —
bdyista'i hasti, "Whose existence is neces-
sary, self-existent.

(_s*—j\} bdyisti, Necessity, need.

*sA~»>^ bdyisk, A man's name.

a g»W bd'i', A seller, vendor; a merchant.

^■^i W bd yak-digar, fiiiZ). ^ bd yak-digar,
With one another, together, mutually, re-
ciprocally.

i_A>V bdyish, Existence.

j&Si bdyikar, What brings about, cause,
reason.

t>^»W bdygdn, A guardian, a treasurer.
y>W ba-in, With this,
ylxulj bdyanddn, A sponsor, intercessor,
mediator.

^^-uW ba-in-mu'na, That is to say (m.c).
es^—^jjW bayunisU, Annib liable, destruc-
tible.

(jji^ bd'idan, To be necessary ; to be-
hove.

W< babd, A door ; how many, many, a
great many (doubtful meanings) ; a decoc-
tion from ban,

8jW* babdra, A stalk, stem ; an esculent
root.

ba-bamr, In the market, Ac, in
public -, — ba-bdzdr uftddan, To be or be-
come disgraced j — ba-bdsdr dddan, To dis-
grace.

a ci-^Wf ba~bd l is, By reason of, on account
of.

a yJ^Wj — i yl»Wt ba-bdtin kase guzashtan,
To curse one, to pray for evil to befall him.
ba-bdld, Above, upwards.

O^ji ^*<* JW* ba-baii digar parldan ( par-
Wdz kardan, raqs kardan, jawaldn kardan),
To fly with another's wings ; to succeed
by another's aid.

tsW* bi-bdy (for bi-pay), Remain thou.

bibtak, Part of a bunch of grapes
or dates.

tS 1 *** ba-badl, Wickedly, naughtily.

f* babr, A tiger ; = y^^rf q.v. ; disposi-
tion, administration, council (unsupported
by examples) ; — ■ ba-bar, Before, in the
eyes of ; — babar, Bread soaked in butler ;
a wild animal like a cat, but not having a
tail; — bibar, A mouse; — bi-bar (imp. of
burdan), Bear thou, carry, take; — bi-bur,
bu-bur (imp. of buridan), Cut thou, strike
off.

bubrdla, Long birthwort.

jti babr-baydn (also babri bay an), A
kind of military cloak made of a leopard's
skin (such as worn by Rustam) ; a tiger or
similar animal hostile to the lion ; brisk,
alert, nimble ; a kind of shot silk ; a linen

garment worn by kings in battle and held
ominous.

tyytt babruj, The mandrake.

ia^-j bibsuda, Rubbed, stroked; bored.

A »^-} bab cik a'. boibbaghd', A parrot ;
a nightingale ; — babghd'i shirin-add, The
nightingale with sweet notes.

ej*-^ bab c/h i. Removal, repulsion.

<airt babak, The pupil of the eye ; chil-
dren, offspring.

i^-W> bablue, Bread with butter or syrup.

Jj*} babul, A species of mimosa yielding
gum.

^> ba-pd, Upright; — ba-pd istddan, To
stand upright ; — ba-pd bash, Stand up ; —
ba-pd bar-khdstan (dmadan), To rise to
one's feet ; — ba-pd'i hisdb dmadan, To be
engrossed with au account ; — ba-pd'i khwud
ba-gur dmadan, To rush into fatal danger.

^Vj) ba-pdy, Stand up ; — ba-pdy andar
dmadan, [mdndan) , To slip, fall ; — ba-pdy
dddan, To throw away ; — ba-pdy shuda.n,
To stand upright.

y -'j_>^~) bipgdmdan, To wipe, to rub.

y \jj_^t bipsuddn, Rubbing, touching.

(vjj^jj Mpsudan, To anoint ; to rub
gently.

sj^^! bipsuda, Anointed ; rubbed j
bored.

^ bapghd, ^y^j bapgjil, A parrot ; —
bapgJii dar band, One who hesitates in
small matters.

bipgan (for bifgan, imp. of afgan-
dan), Throw thou ; nauseating.
baplus. = q.v.

u 5 -*** ba-peeh, Before, in presence of.

n*) bat, A line drawn to distinguish
separate names in a catalogue, or articles
in an account ; a mark, a score ; a weaver's
brush ; weaver's size ; a duck ; — but, Au
idol, an image, any figure that is an object
of adoration ; the beloved ; God (in the
language of the Sufis) ; truth; — buti ash'
raji (zar), The figure stamped upon a
golden coin, as that of a bull upon tbe
coins of Akbar, or Jahangir.

a m bait (v.n.), Cutting.

l*» batd, Rice dressed with milk and
butter (also battd) ; — ba-td, till when ?
how long? — bita (imp. of bitd'idan). Let
alone, leave ; — butd, O idol (of my affec-
tions).

a ^>^t batdt, Cutting; provision for a
journey ; household furniture or utensils ;
a tailasdn of silk or wool.

batdra, A weaver's brush.
jb» ba-tdz, In haste, running.
^JjUj 6a.tu.za9i, Recently, lately.

batdsha, A sweetmeat, confection.
a ba-ta'ammul, With reflection or

deliberation, thoughtfully ; attentively.

butdnj, A wife, a spouse ; particu-
larly one of several who have one husband
in common.

( 155

;tyaj hatdwdr, End, consummation.
t)^> ba-tdwan, In substitution, instead.
U^ri^! bitd'idan, bitayidan (imp. bitu).
To quit, leave, pass by.

batbU, Sour milk dried,
^""^r* but-paraet, An idolater ; a lover,
o*-^ but-parasti, Idolatry.

a battat, batta (v.n. of o-}), Cutting ;
(mostly with article, al-batta) altogether,
totally ; certainly, irrevocably.

ijAf ut-? but-iarash, An idol-maker,
sculptor.

batkh. Squeezing, straining, pressing.
U»s» baiMia, Dung of a bird (doubtful
word).

^Ufeit butMak, Name of a place near
Kabul.

JW^t bat-khdl, Dung of birds ; name of
a bird (doubtful word) ; — buUkhdl, Name of
an idol temple.

*lUts> but khala, Name of an idol temple ;
a pimple on the face.

<"Uy> bnt-khdna, An idol temple ; a
tavern.

a ba-iadrij, Successively, by de-

grees (m.c).

y> batar, battar (for badtar), Worse.

a ft batr (v.n.), Cutting off ; docking ; —
batar (v.n.), Being docked; being destitute
of good qualities.

*sSUa>\fi batar-ahang, A covering for the
head, a veil (doubtful word).

batarjd, Pudenda; interstice be-
tween the flesh of the finger and the nail
where dirt collects.

a ba-tark, Good-bye j — ba-tarlc guf-
tan, To bid good-bye, to renounce.

biit-ruy, Beautiful, as an idol.
baira, Obstinacy, contumacy ;
wounded, struck (unsupported bv ex-
amples) .

fc)li~s< butistdn, A place where idols
abound (applied, e.g. to a flower-adorned
garden).

_jU~-^ bitisydr, Calamity, misfortune.

I^Sa but-skihan, A.n image-breaker.

I _ s i£i» <jfi but-sMlca.nl, Iconoclasm.

a bata' (v.n.), Having a long neck ; —
bit', Wine of grapes or of honey ; tall
(man).

s~ij* vs-! but-firlb, Twenty-fourth day of
the month, according to the era of Jalalu 'd-
din.

^y^i baifur, 3^ hatfvx, The parts around
the mouth, chops, or snout ; the circum-
ference of a cap (the forms jjA*» batghur and
)^batg]tiiz are also given).

a, s-»j£s» ba-taqrib, In accordance with the
occasion.

a <aU) bath (v.n.), Cutting ; catching hold
of anything ; pulling.

«sXs» bitik, Writing; a letter; a book ; —
butak (dim. of but), A little idol.

) J*

t ^s^r^J bitikcki, A writer, a scribe.

e-iXsi biit-kada, An idol temple ; a tavern .

t>£« bitlcan, A head-ache produced by
indigestion; loathing of food; a rake; a
harrow.

O^ufc* biikandan, yA>.>*^} bitkandidan,
To suffer from indigestion ; to nauseate
one's food.

batlcob, uyjXx; batJcot, A kind of food
made of cream or milk, walnuts, and anise.
baihesh, A quiver.

a batl(v.a.), Cutting; separating.

<-r>ik} bitlab, The envelope of the flower
of dates, the spathe ; the plant southern-
wood.

(jota U) j jdsj ba-talkh u tursh rizd
dddan, To bear trials and hardships con-
tentedly.

wj^i batlob, — v^^iij q,v.

V^i ba-tanha,, Sole, alone, one, separate.

gisr batanj, bitanj, Compression ; — bitanj,
Squeeze (imp. of tanjidan).

j&i but-nigdr, A painter, a limner.
batau, The East ; a place much ex-
posed to the aun ; — batu, A funnel ; a knot
in the stalk of a plant ; a pestle ; a stone
mortar ; — ba-tu, To thee ; — bitu, A cask ; a
handle ; a pestle.

jtySf batwdss, A pez-c 5 !, a roost for falcons,
baturdk, A subterraneous granary ;
(for taburaV) a tambourine.

a ba-iwwasmti, By means of (m.c).
batuk, A kiud of wooden basket or
tray, in which garden stuff, fish, or bread
is carried about and sold.

a Jya batul, A virgin averse from mar-
riage and worldly concerns from religious
motives, a vestal, a nun (usually applied to
the Virgin Mary and to Muhammad's
daughter Fatimah) •, shoot of a palm, readv
to be planted by itself or already planted.

bata, Dried rice ; — also batta, A pestle ;
a muller.

h battah, Extra allowance to troops
in the field; ebb-tide.

^fic". bat-huwd, Orach.

batyd, bit yd, The breast.

l^Lj^ hut-yob, What is found like, what
resembles an idol, auy pretty-looking thing.

jL.s} batydr, Ugly, detestable; — bitydr,
Trouble, affliction ; a glass urinal.

batydra, Anything ugly, odious, and
detestable ; a demon inhabiting the woods ;
— bitydra, Grief, trouble, affliction, injury.

, c) ^U. £^ ba-tegk kk.ds.tari, To stand on
end (the hair).

batila, The wick of a candle or lamp.

U--> butlnd, butlna, Penitence, repen-,
tance.

bitiya, The town of Battiah in Bahar.
a e-> bass (v.n.), Publishing, dissemina-
ting news; divulging a secret; scattering
dust.

a yi} basr, Much, many ; little, few ; i*

( 156 )

country covered with stones ; sand adhering
to the ground ; a pustule, a pimple .; being
covered with pimples.

a ifi basrat, basra, A single pimple or
pustuie.

a )yb busur (v.n), Being covered or
afflicted with pimples (a body) ; (pi. of
hasr) pustules, pimples, tubercles.

baj, Oozing out or percolation of
water, &c. ; inside of the mouth; the cheek,
ball of the cheek, external part of the cheek
and mouth ;—bij, Rice; impurities of the
eye ; — buj, A goat ; the hair on the fore-
head.

A ts ! bajj (v,n.), Cutting open (a boil);
piercing (with a spear) ; fattening the
grazing cattle (green food) ; — bujj, The
young of any bird.

V: ba-ja, In place ; true, accurate, right,
proper ; well-founded, with a good reason ;
— ba-jd .amadan, To be accomplished ; — ba-
jd dwardan, To accomplish, to execute ; to
bring to bear ; to know.

J^r.bujdl, Alive coal; an extinguished
coal.

yj^j j^c ba-jdmi 'adl dadan, To give
with the cup of justice, i.e. what is just.

(jjW-. ba-jcm, With all one's soul, heartily ;
— ba-jdn amadan, To be wearied out, dis-
pleased, disgusted ; to be ready to die; on
the point of dying ; — ba-jdn dwardan, To
perform ; to distress ; to kill.

a s~»W-. ba-jdnib, Towards.

ba-jiini man, On my account.

a •v-^ yW: ba-jdni w&hid, By oneself, alone.

ba-jdy, In. lieu.
W- ba-jdy jd, Everywhere, in all

places.

y-V>~y ^=r. ba-jdy rasidan, To arrive at,
to attain, to accomplish.

a ft^r. ba-jabr, By force or violence,
forcibly, violently.

jW; bajtdq, = ^^*> q.v.

A ^r.bajah, Joy, gladness ; greatness of
rank.

a ba-jidd, ba-jid, In earnest ; urgeuf,
importunate; diligently, eagerly.

ba-jitdd, Separately, asunder.

a fr.bajar (v.n.), Having a tumour, rup-
ture, or other distemper affecting the navel ;
— bujr, Evil ; an important affair ; a mar-
vellous thing; — bujav, Defects.

h *£&<\%! ^ bajjir b'hdng, Tobacco

h ifr. bajara, A barge used m India, a
budgerow.

j=r. ba-juz, Besides, except (see juz).

a y—r. bajs (v.n.), Flowing (water) ;
making (water) flow; splitting open (a
boil) ; abusing.

u~ir. bajas, The cartilage of the nose ;
softness.

ut— !p bajast, A voice, sound, or echo.

MjashSJc, A farrier; a corn-dealer.
ksXa^. bijishk, A physician; a sparrow.

&&r. bajkala, A flagon, stone bottle, or
stout vessel in which wine is kept.

t*£=r. bajkam, A kind of stone seat in the
porches of houses in the East, raised
pi'etty high above the ground, upon which
they sit or recline in warm weather ; the
lower part of the house, where they live in
winter time ; name of a Turkoman tribe.

Jr, bujul, The ankle -bone.

ffr. bujm, bijm, The fruit of the tamarisk.

a <j~*f-. ba-jins, In kind, sort, species;
pure.

<^&*v. ba-jmnlagi, In general ; in the
mass, altogether.

a i — bi-jinsi-hi, The thing itself.

Jji=r. bujnud, Vociferous, clamorous, tu-
multuous.

a (i> : -t*?- j\f=r. ba-jiwari haq paiwastan,
To die (to join the neighbourhood of
truth).

Gfr. bajuj, Name of a celebrated cuckold
and pimp.

Wsf-jr. bajujiyd (in Zand), A female ;
vulva.

jfp. bijwar, A country bordering upon
India.

Jj=r. bujul, Tile ankle-bone.

&r. baja, Name of a place between Isfa-
han and Fars.

a (**vf, ba-jihat, Because ; on account of ;
for the sake of ; — ba-jihati amadani shumd,
On account of your coming (m.c).

a &*=f. bajUat, Name of the branch of a
tribe.

Et^-. buck-bitch, A low tone, whisper ; a
word used by goatherds in calling together
their flocks.

^As-j ba-charaQh rasidan, To enter

the service of a great man ; to make one's
fortune.

dj^f, bielirak, bichirk, Derided ; a dupe.
bachash. The cartilage of the nose ;
languor ; grief.

^Li^. bichashdk, A smith, a arrier ; a
selLn' of green food (comp. the following).

lidi^ biahishk, Nature ; a physician ; a
vendor of simples.

l+i-sf, ba-chashm, With the eye, i.e. most
readily, willingly ; — ba-chauh'm dmadan, To
befall (as a misfortune) ; to be hurt by an
evil eye; — ba-ckashm kardan, To inspect
narrowly; to look with a malignant eye ;
to impress ; to choose.

>^V. &«c/tafc, A kind of weapon or cutting
instrument.

yjjLisr bi-chakandan, To drop, to distil,

ilfc "ba-chkala (= &&=r. q.v.), A flagon,
Ac.

bachkam, bichkam, A summer-
house, a house with trellised walls ; a sofa ;
a court ; a hall of audience ; a wolf ; narae
of a Turkoman tribe.

yt&ar; bachagnn (pi. of buchd), Infants,
children ; the young of any animal ;—

( 157 )

bachagdni dida, Tears ; — bachagdni raz. The
tendrils of the vine-tree.

bachagdna, Childish, fit for chil-
dren.

t>a£=H bachagln (for bachagdn), Children.

J^. backal, One accustomed to bedaub
his clothes.

^ bicham, Order, method, disposition,
arrangement, manner, train ; — bicham girif-
tan, To take u favourable turn, to succeed
well.

<>^f. ba-chand, For how much ?

i=n bacha, bachcha (8. vatsa), An infant,
hoy, child, son ; a servant lad, page ; a
whelp, cub ; ivy ; — bacha'i haurd', The
cup-bearer, the beloved bacha'i k£pur
(khwurthed), A ruby; gold; silver; —
bacha'i ihiinin, Tears of sorrow ; — bacha'i
risk, A tuft of hair under the lip, French
" imperiale " ;— bacha'i tdwuri 'ulwl, The
sun; a Bunshiny day ; fire ; a ruby; —
bacha'i tdwusi 'ulwl ashy an, A live coal ; —
bacha'i hi (child of the street), A foundling ;
a bastard ; — - bacha kashidan (bar-dwar-
dan), To give birth to a child ; — bacha'i na-
tamdm-afgani, Abortion, miscarriage ; —
bacha'i nan, Any new discovery or incident;
young shoots ; — ba-chi, Why ? wherefore ?
for what 't

l»W=r: bachahdm, My friends (lit. my chil-
dren, m.c).

*<p bacha-buz, A pederast.
u5j^ "V bacha-bdzi, Pederasty.

<V. bacha-ddr, HaviDg young ; preg-
nant.

ytj &==; bachaddn, The womb.

bacha-dukhtar, A little girl (m.c.).
^j&i bacha-kashi, Child-bearing.
} \$ iy, bacha-gdv, A calf.

to- bacha-macha, A mere boy (itba',

m.c).

.slUi^-. bachandk, A parent, of male chil-
dren.

bachij, bachlch, A whisper, any-
thing spoken secretly, whisperingly ; a
word used by goatherds in managing goats.

d<£*=r. bachlcha, Quieting of an infant,
lullaby ; a word used by shepherds in
calling their flocks.

y^.ba-chiz, Small, diminutive; mean; —
ba-chlze na-giriftan, To make no account of.

a. *±>\&>. bihds (v.u. 3 of vA-**.), Investiga-
ting, disputing; — bahhds, A disputant,
controversialist.

A bihdr (pi. of bahr), Seas ; great
rivers; bays, gulfs; — bih&ri awdrnir, Com-
mands flowing on all sides ; — bihdri bah-
riya, Tempestuous seas.

y\jjjyW; buhdrzanddn, A city in Bukhara.

a J^. ba-hdl. In its proper state or con-
dition ; in the former state, in statu quo ;
in a good state or condition, well, happy,
flourishing, prosperous ; — ba-hdl drnadan,
To come to a state or condition ; to recover.

a J 1 ^. ba-hall, The being in its usual or
former state; prosperity; the being in
office or favour; establishment; restora-
tion ; recovery ; confirmation (m.c),

a buhbfthat, buhbuha, The middle

of a house, a court, an area.

a baht, Pure, genuine, unmixed (as
wine with water, bread with victuals).

a iA**". bahs (v.n.), Investigating, exa-
mining ; controversy, debate, dispute, con-
test, argument, question; altercation,
wrangling; — bahs kardan, To debate, dis-
pute, argue ; to wager.

a (jAs; bahsd-bahsi, Argumentation.

a yt u= - v^ ba-hujjat bar nayamadan.

To fail in logic.

a J***, ba- hadd, and —

a (^■to'. ba-hadde, To a degree (that);, to
such an extent ; so that.

a f. bahr, A sea, estuary, or great river ;
a gulf; a generous man; a fleet horse;
metre, kind of verse ; flow rhythm ; fleet (of
ships or boats), navy ; — bahri abyaz u bahri
aswad, The White and Black Sea (i.e. the
j33gean with the Mediterraneanand Euiine);
— bafyriakhzar (khazrd'). Heaven ; — bahrv 7-
khazar, The Caspian Sea; — bahru'r-rum,1he
Grecian or Mediterranean Sea ; — bahru'i-tin.
The China Sea ; — bahru'l-fdris, The Persian
Gulf ; — bahrv, 'l-qulzum (bahru 'l-ahmar),
The Eed Sea; — bahri almas, A sea in whose
islands diamond mines are contained; —
bahri andalus, The Sea of Andalusia ; —
bahri bi-karan k^andaq, The highest
heaven ; — bahri chigil, A lake in Turkistan
called after the town Chigil; — bahri
khwdrazm, Name of a lake into which the
river Jaihun flows ; — bahri damdni zibaq-
'atrial, Clouds distilling rain ; — bahri zang,
bahri zangi, The Ethiopian Sea ; — bahri
siydh, The Black Sea (m.c.) ; — bahri 'umdn,
The Sea of Oman ; the eye ; — bahri ctfia-
mdm, The Sea of Kashgar; — bahri kamdn,
The interstice between the string and the
body of the bow, when the latter is drawn ;
— bahri mashur, The enchanted or heavenly
waters (those which the Muhammadans
suppose to be under the throne of God) ; —
bahri muhit, The ocean; — bahri nahang-dsdr
(nahang-dsd), A bright sword ; — bahri
naghma (usiil, shi'r), The metre of a poem ;
— bahri wasi', The firmament; a liberal
hand ; — ba-bahri cMze rafian, To go into
the depth or bottom of a matter.

a bahrdn, The country usually

called Bahrain ; name of a town ; — huhrdn,
Crisis of a disease.

a fc. bahr-dast, Bountiful (as Ihe

sea).

a y^e^. bahrgdn. Seafaring ; a mariner.

y *i)yf*. bahroza'i tar, Chios or Cyprus
turpentine.

utlii bahroza'i khushk, Frankin-

cense.

( 158 )

a \s>f&. bahri, Marine, maritime ; of the
colour of the sea ; a native of Bahrain ;
a pearl, the produce of the fishery of Bah-
rain.

a hahriyal, bahriya, A ship's crew,
sailors, seamen ; navy.

a ^jjcr, bahri-qutds, A sea-ox, the tail
of which in some countries they are accus-
tomed to fix to the top of a spear.

a uif^, bahrain (dual of bakr), The two
seas, the White and the Black, the Medi-
terranean and the Euxine ; name of an
island in the Persian Gulf, near the Ara-
bian shore (called also Bahrain), cele-
brated for a great pearl fishery ; name of a
town between BaBrah and Oman ; (in the
Kur'an) the two waters, i.e. the salt water
of the sea and sweet water of riverB.

a s^-~«*. ba-hisdb, With or in the compu-
tation.

a v_wk\ ba-hasb, ^j*—**. ba-hasbe, Accord-
ing to, in the manner.

a )fJ=^-. ba-hnzur, Tn the presence of.

a ba-haqq, ba-haq, By the truth (in
swearing) ; in the matter of, in re ; in the
case of ; on account of ; — ba-haq paiwagian,
To unite with truth, i e. to die ; — ba-haq
gharik shudan, To be a partner in truth, i.e.
to be answerable for life or safety.

■Wl* bihuqad, He hiccoughs.

a ff*r. ba-hukm, According to, from,
agreeable to, in conformity with ; by com-
mand or order of ; by the authority of ; by
force of ; by dint of ; — ba-hukmi zarurat,
Agreeable to the exigency ; forced by neces-
sity.

a J^. bihil, ba-hil (for A, bi-hill), J*^. bi-
Mti, Pardon, remission, absolution.

a iSl\ bi-hamdi 'lldh ta'dlii,

God be praised ! By God's grace ; — ba-
hamdi 'llah M, Thank God that.

a ^J\f*. ba-kaw&U, In the environs
(m.c).

A buhaird, Name of a Nestorian

monk.

a buhairat, buhaira (dim. of bahr),
Small sea ; lake.

j4 bakh, Blearedness ; the game of
cliess.

a (4 bakh, & bakh bakji, Bravo ! well
done !

ba-kkdr, Vile, mean ; contemptible
(comp. t^jV* 1 .) > — bukhar (in Zand), Wis-
dom, learning.

Aj\*: bukhar, Vapour, steam, exhalation,
fog, mist ; miasma ; feverish heat, fever ;
anger, wrath, animosity ; grief, anguish ; —
bukhdri db, Exhalation of water; fog.

\)\*\ bukhdrd. Bukhara, the ancient Bac-
tria (on account of the learning — bukjidr
supra — there displayed).

a. i*>ty*-, bukhdrdt (pi. of bukhar), Fumes,
exhalations ; vapour, steam ; mist, fog.

a iSju* 1 . bukk&ri, A native of Bukhara,

es]>ecially applied to the celebrated col-
lector of traditions, Abu 'Abdullah bin
Isma'il ; one who perfumes with incense of
aloe wood ; a stove (m.c).

a ba-khdtir, To one's mind ; — ba-

khdtir dwardan, To bring to mind, regard,
pay attention to, recollect.

A bikhd', A vein or nerve in the loins.

>*>^ ba-khdk, In or to the dust ; — ba-khdk
burdan, To bear through life, carry to one's
grave ; — ba-khdk nishdnd, ba-kJidJei rdh
nishund, He has depressed or rendered
(him) contemptible.

t bakhdv, Fetters, tethers; anklets.

l=~*. bakht. Fortune, prosperity, felicity,
happiness ; luck (good or bad) ; a horo-
scope, nativity, planet, constellation ; the
nightmare ; a kind of locust ; a mace used
in battle (perhaps misreading for lak&t) ;
a paternal grandfather; — bakhti ardsher,
Name of a musical modulation; — bakhti
danddn-khdy, An ill star or fortune ; —
bakhti du mdh, Fickle fortune ; — bakhti gabz
{tar), A lucky horoscope or constellation;
— bakhti man basta ghawad, Fortune is
against me (m.c.) ; — bukht (for bukjiti
nasar), Nebuchadnezzar

a ui-*, bukht, A species of large, stroug,
and hairy Bactrian camel, with two
bunches, used in general for winter labour.

^Uj^ o*. bakht-azmd'i, A trial of one's
fortune.

bukjitdq, An iron helmet (comp.

jjjWffc-. bakjit-dwar, Happy, prosperous ;
rich.

te&Sjt ba/cht-bar-gashta, Unfortunate.

bakjit-biddr, Whose fortune is
awake ; fortunate.

fcjljn- bakjit-jawdn, One whose fortune
is youthful, fortunate.

iJM- <-~&. bakjit-khnfta, Whose fortune is
asleep ; unlucky.

f*>. bakhtar, The east ; — shdhi bakhtar u
kjidwar, King of the east and west.

u£)Ud^. bakhtak, Little fortune ; ill-fortune j
name of the Wazir of Auosherwan.
bukhtagdr, Lightness.
SjVSj*-. bukhtigdra, Levity ; suspended,
(j^&rfp bakhtigdri, Skill, cleverness,
stratagem.

} \£j&: bukhtgdv, Warm water medicinally
prepared, and poured from a vessel slowly
over the hea ; an embrocation (evidently
for^VJ" is*; q.v.),

jo- bakhtmand, Fortunate.

bakhtmandl, Good fortune.

j<i u^fc; bukhti nasar, Nebuchadnezzar.
bukhtu, bakMu, Thunder; rapacious;
a step-father, a father-in-law.

jj-*-. balchtwar, bakhtur, Fortunate ;—
bakhtur, bukhttir, Thunder; a roaring lion.

if*-, buihtiih, bakktuh, Thunder ; a roar-
ing animal.

ut*6r ( 159 )

bakhta, A ram three or four years
old ; anything the skin of which has been
taken off ; a fat tail ; a collector (of re-
venue).

(j*^. bukhti, A large, strong, hairycamel
with two bunches.

jW**". bakht-yar, Fortunate ; rich.

bakht-ydri. Prosperity, riches.

^Ws*; bakhtydwar. Fortunate.

g^*. bakhjaj, A dream, a vision in sleep.

•a**", bakhjad, Dross, especially of iron.

t)lj**. bakhjawdn, Name of a country.

)}^. bakhjur, Fortunate.

5*. bakhch, = q.v.

Ay*, bakhcha (for ba.gh.cha), A garden.

W^jsy^ bakhchiridan, according to others
t}^)*y^ bakhchimdan, To roll oneself down
from a height.

ba-khudd, By God, to God, for God's

Bake.

a j& bakhr (v.n.), Steaming, sending
forth Bteam ; — bakJtar (v.n.), Fetid breath ;
any fetid odour.

h bakhrd, A share, portion.

bikhrcui (for ba-hhirad), Intelligent ;
— bijthradi bikhraddn. The wisest of the
wiBe (a title of the prime minister in some
Eastern countries).

i}^. bukhridan. = t)>*jy fc '. q.v.

bikhradi, bakhradl, Wisdom, saga-
city.

^yfc bukhrak, A species of wild moun-
tain or forest almond, of a hot and humid
nature.

h la-ty**. bakhrait, A partner, sharer; a
shareholder.

yVj*: bakhridan, bukhridan,To beepilep-
tical, to groan, writhe in agony.

i^if-. bukhrida, Epileptieal.

a tr*: bakhs (v.n.), Withholding what
is due, defrauding; deficient, defective,
short, scanty ; low (price) ; land which
produces grain without being watered ;
(in P.) heat ; anguish of mind, sickness
at heart, faintness, decay, consumption ;
a pining or wasting away with grief or
malady ; blandishment, coquetry ; a stately
gait or graceful air ; withered, shrivelled ;
base coin ; — bikh«, The soft parts of the
nose ; softness ; debility ; — bakjiis, Vile,
mean ; cheap.

yU*>. bakhsan, Fusible, melting, dis-
solving ; contracted, withered, shrivelled ;
one who has gone through much trouble ;
walking gracefully.

y^Ujfc; bahhsdnldan, To melt, to cause
to become liquid ; to afflict ; to walk grace-
fully.

bakhast, Noise, sound, voice, echo ;
nightmare ; a small animal resembling a
locust;— also bukhkkast, A snore.

yAjSUw*. bakhastanidan, To cause to
snore.

<j^— *■. bakhastan, bakhisian, To snore, to

snort ;— bukhustan, To snore ; to speak in a
dream or delirium.

ij*^— ■ bakhsilus. Name of an ancient
king.

t*~& bakhsum, A drink from wheat or
millet.

yjj^jfe; bakhsndan, To beat, bruise, ham-
mer (so as to make a convexity) concave ;
to reap, mow, clip, shear ; to saw ; to pluck
up ; to fear ; to palpitate ; to be in anguish ;
to melt ; to change.

<_3— *>. bakhsi, Weak and limber plants
which grow without irrigation ; melted ; a
twitching.

yAj-jp bakhsidan, To cause to melt; to
inflict anguish, pain, affliction, sickness,
distraction of mind ; to cause to wither ; to
walk pompously.

— , — bakhsida, Heated ; melted ;
withered; drawn together; walking pom-
pously.

bakhsh, Fortune, lot, part, portion ;
a dove-cote ; a tower ; a celestial sign ; a
fish ; (in comp,, as part, of bakhshldan) a
giver, donor ; a distributor, or divider ;
a pardoner • r ~bakhsh kardan, To give, dis-
tribute, divide ; to make a present, give in
alms (m.c.).

U^-, bakhshd, A giver; (in comp.) be-
stowing, presenting ; — mdliki mamdliki
mamlakat-bakhehd,. (God) the King of
kingdoms, the Bestower of empires.

jU*>. bakhshdd, May (God) forgive.

Sj^iLijt; bakhshdnida, Bestowing ; for-
giving,

^ti*-, lakhshdy, Give thou ; granting,
giving.

ULto=; bakhihdyd, Remitting, forgiving.

yioLi^fc; bak^shdyish, Forgiveness ; a gift j
— bdrdni rahmat-bakhshdyieh, A shower of
mercy.

bakhshayishgar, Merciful.
jjjAjjli*-, bakhehdyandagi, Liberality ;
pity.

s j^Lidt-, bakhshdyanda, Bountiful ; merci-
ful.

yd 9 ?U*fc'. bakhshd' idan, To bestow ; to
pity ; to forgive ; mercy ; liberality.

j A ,i. ; A gf . bakhsh-bandar, A royal custom-
house.

ui-i**-. bakhshish, A gift, a present ;
Pisces.

<l«U yi***; bakhshish-ndma, «UU
ba/chsh-ndma, A deed of gift.

6jj£ \i ytjt; bakhsh-nd-karda, Undistri-
buted.

^ x viifr- . bakhshandagi, Liberality ; par-
don.

bakhshanda, Liberal ; forgiving,
yjj-i-*-. bakhskudan. To give, bestow ; for-
give.

(j^yLop bakhshudani, What needs for-
giveness, sin, transgression.
i^fUs-.bakhshuda, Pardoned (by God).

J 6 -*. ( 1

bakhsha, A portion.
bakhshl, Fortune ; a portion, a lot ;
pay; a giver; a paymaster; a scribe,
secretary ; a surgeon ; a vice-regent ; an
inspector ; a grand falconer.

(j**: bakhshl-juz, Paymaster of the
household.

AiU, ^jAsir; bakhshi-khdna. The pay-ofSce.

yj^-ixc. bakhshidan (S. bhaj), To give,
grant, bestow ; to remit ; to pardon, for-
give, spare ; -bi-bakhshid, I beg your par-
don, no (m.c).

(./•sAjf. bakhshish, A present ; an honorary
or pecuniary gratuity ; drink-money ; a
(Christmas) box ; — bakhshish kardan, To
make a present; — bakhshish u 'aid dadan,
To make ac offering, to give a largess.

a J* kj**". bakkshl-kul, A paymaster-
general.

(.s/ cs*^- bakhshigarl, Bank of com-
mander-in-chief; the office of a secretary.

a ctUU*J\ l _ y i==". bakhshi 'l-mamdlik, Com-
mander-in-chief.

a yo*". bakhs, The fleshy parts of the
fingers and of the feet; also of a camel's
hoof ; protuberant flesh about the eyes.

a ba-khusiis, In particular, espe-

cially.

a bakh' (v.n.), Killing oneself, dying
(with grief).

bi-khafad, He sneezes ; — bi-khufad.
He coughs ; — bakhvfd, Cough.

JjKi. bakhkalul, y^&^.bakh.kahjn (cyj^?
bakhkalyiln), 4K==-. bakhkala, A hard nut (see
*J^) ; a. herb.

a J*: bukhl, Avarice, parsimony ; stingi-
ness, niggardliness ; — bakhl kardan, To
exercise stinginess, <fcc., to be miserly.
A olf, bukhala (pi. of bakhil), Misers.
a ba-khildf, Contrary to ; in opposi-

tion to ; on the contrary.

a ^jl*-. ba-khalwat. Apart, alone.
bukhja, A bem ; purslain.
bakhm, bakham, Name of a country
famous for its musk. •

bakhma, An artichoke.
bakhnit, Thunder; a father-in-law;
a step-father,

•i}^-. bakhnud, Thunder,
y^ya--; bakhnudan, To thunder and
lighten.

iiji*'. bakhnuna, Thunder ; lightning.

bukhnvk or bakhnawa, Lightning.
yjuyLs^, bakhnawldan. To thunder and
lighten.

o^. ba-khwud, To, with, or by oneself; —
ba-khu'ud dmadan,. To come to oneself ; — •
ba-khwud faro raft (shud), He hung his
head (from shame or grief) ; — ba-khwude
kJiwud, Solitary, by oneself.

a jj*. bakhur, Perfume, odour, or any-
thing which diffuses fragrance, as aloes,
muak, thyme, storax., frankincense, &c. ; —
bakh.ur zlri daman, Fumes of aloes-wood or

) ) JJ

amber passed over the hem of a garment
to perfume it; — bakhuri maryam, Maiden-
weed ; hog's fennel.

)f s -. ba-khwar (— jfi- q.v.), In a suit-
able manner, properly.

•^jj*: bakhurat (pi. of bajshiir), Scents, &c.

(i^^j^. bi-khwuranidan, To cause one to
eat.

O^jj*". bakhiirddn, A censer for incense.
)ff. bakhurshisha, A censer ; per-
fumes moistened and laid upou the fire to
scent a room.

*y*. bakhura, A musk-bag.

O'Hjj*'. bukhurldan, To become demented.

iJ *)S*'- bukhurida., Epileptical ; horror-
struck.

yj*: ba-khiln, With or in blood, hence
grieved ; the planet Mars.

ijjW^'. bakhydei, A small gift or a worn
garment bestowed ou a servant or pauper.
bakhich, Trodden ; ample, wide ;

vitriol.

t)^. bakhldan, To card wool or cotton.

s^-*; bakhlda, Carded, teased; picked,
selected (silk).

j^. bakhir, A kind of artichoke.

a jt^. ba-khair, Attended with good, in
welfare, well, in safety ; for good, to a good
end or purpose ; alone and unmeddled
with ; — ba-khair-khubi, Safe and sound,
well, in safety.

js=: bi-khez, Rise thou ; an ambush.

y^i)**'. bakhuidan, To bend the head in
reverence (unsupported by examples).

J^. bakh/tl, A kind of artichoke (see pf^.) .

A Js^. bakhil, Avaricious, covetous ; a
miser.

a csiLec; bakhllak (dim. of A. bakhil), A
petty miser.

bakjjjla, Purslain.

a ( _ 5 Ls fe '. bakhjli, Avarice ; — bakhlli kardan
(nimaidan), To be stingy, niggardly, avari-
cious.

a-*; bakhya, Quilting, sewing very thick
and strong; sewing with long stitches,
basting ; a piece of sewed cloth ; — bakhya
bar rtiy afqandan (anddkhtan, nihddan),
bakhya ba, ruyikdr afgandan, bakhya kardan,
To disclose a shameful secret ; — bakhya bar
ruyi (rukjii) kdr uftddan, bakhya bar chihra
raftan, A shameful secret becomes public;
• — bakhya zadan, To sew strongly, to quilt ; —
dilr ba-diir bakhya zadan, To sew with
long stitches, to baste ; — bukhya,. A line,
plumb-line ; a wedge or iron instrument
for cleaving wood ; touching, squeezing,
twitching with the fingers (doubtful word),
bakhya-afgau, A stitcher, quilter.

j\j A-i--. b'-ikhya-dOr, Quilted.

03 ^s*. bakhya-zan, A stitcher, quilter,
botcher.

A} bad, Bad, wicked, naughty ; evil, cala-
mity ; wickedness ; linen rags half-burned ;
tinder ; (also bud) touchwood ; (S. pati)

•a

( 161 )

lord, master; — bud, A lord, master; a ser-
vant; (for bud) it was; — bad burdan, To
be afflicted ; to be angry ; — bad zadan, To
make (a thing) bad ; — in badam miydyad,
This displeases me (m.c.).

a J» badd (v.n.), Separating, disjoining,
dispersing ;~budd, Flight, escape, remedy ;
(for P. but) an idol, image ; an idol-teraple,

A »M bad' (v.n. of '\^), Beginning; —
bad'i kalam kardan. To begin a discourse,
sermon, speech, or conversation.

badd (for bad, an expletive \ being
added on account of the metre), Bad,
wicked, Ac. ; — (bad, with the 1 of the voca-
tive) 0 wioked one ! woe upon ! (opp. to
q.v.)

a »u» badd' (v.n.), Coming in the mind ;
appearing ; beginning.

a 8*1^} badd'at, A beginning, a turn to
begin, the first turn.

a cW baddh, A widely-extended tract of
soft land.

a JV"^ "** bad-ahwdl, 111, indisposed, sea-
sick (m.c.) ; — bad-ahwdl shudan, To become
ill (m.c).

bad-akhtar, Ill-starred, unfortu-
nate.

yUaUil baddkhghdn, A country in Persia.

a ip*-\ bad-akhldq, Of depraved morals ;
ill-bred, ill-behaved ; rude, coarse.

a ,jiSU-\ a» bad-afckldql, Ill-breeding ; in-
civility ; immorality.

a \ol ±t bad-add, Who acquits himself
badly, perforins badly.

a A> bad-add' i, A bad performance ;
ill-treatment; enmity shown.

^ badar, A goad for driving bullocks.

A M biddr (v.n. 3 of j>M), Outstripping.
bad-dram, A knave; a pleasant

place.

^ baddz, A shoemaker's wedge.

a ^ bad-uslub, Ill-shaped ; of bad
conduct.

a J*^ bad-asl, and —

a Jj-\ bad-usul, Of a bad stock, or a
meaa race, base-loom ; ill-bred.

a J>> bad-usiili, Low extraction, ill-

breeding.

a;\jM A) bad-atwdr, Ill-mannered, of evil
ways.

a ^ bad-i'tiqdd, Mistrustful.
a <JU*\ ju bad-a'mdll, Evil deeds ; immo-
rality.

bad-dgkdz, Innately bad.
a J^«*\ a? bad-afdl, IU-conducted ; — bad-
af'dll, Immorality.

biddq, The lower part of breeches,
drawers, or trousers.

baddk, Angry, malevolent.
a J\^) baddal, A seller of eatables.

^ bad-dmad, Unwelcome.
a eV"^ bad-imtitdj, Ill-mixed ; wicked.
^} bad-dmoz, Ill-bred ; teacher of

evil.

yl->» baddn (from 6a nnd dn). To thati
with that ; for that purpose, with that
design ; — (pi. of bad), The wicked.

a ,j»Uisi\ A) bad-intizdmi, Bad government,
maladministration, misrule ; anarchy.

fVM bad-anjdm, Ending in evil, bring-
ing about evil ; of evil consequences.

u^-nl ■it bad-andesh, Malicious, malevo-
lent ; disloyal.

ijH^ bad-andeshi, Malevolence ; dis-
loyalty.

•s^l-V baddnk (for <&\ <4 bah-dn-ki), Be-
cause of, since.

uj£i\ j) bad-dn-guna, Of that kind.

bado (from ba and ^ «), To him,
with him.

jtf bad-dhu, Exceedingly wicked, per-
verse, malicious (unless the word stands for
ba-dhu, Malignantly, maliciously ; see Pre-
face).

a £*>\A} baddhat, An impromptu ; improvi-
sation, extempore speaking ; unexpected
event.

a g^Jkf badd'i' (pi. of &«i<*}), New, strange
things; rarities ; marvels ; — badd'i'i ma'rtam,
Style, sentiment.

a baddyat, Commencement.
&t£\ bad-dyin, Irreligious ; perverse ;
ill-bred ; — la'ini bad-dyin, A wicked wretch.
jW -ij bad-bdz, A mimic, a jester.
a ^ bad-bdtin, Intrinsically bad ; —
bad-bdpinl, Evil-mindedness ; ill-nature.

<*> bad-bdftagi, FlimBiness of texture.
M bad-bdfta, Badly woven; flimsy.
<j^fc; M bad-bakht, Ill-fated, unfortunate.

bad-bakhtdna, Unfortunately

(m.c).

(jj*; Jkf bad-bakJtti, Misfortune, bad luck,
adversity ; badness, vice ; — bad-bakhtlwar,
Unlucky, inglorious.

J*) bad-bad, Very badly ; with great
difficulty.

^^■H budbudak, The hoopoo or pewit
(called also murghi sulaimdn, Solomon's
bird).

p -i» bad-bar, Evil-minded ; ill-disposed ;
bearing bad fruit.

a-* -h bad-buna, In evil plight.

J>i bad-bo, Fetid ; bad smell, funk,
stench.

bad-buk, city ^ bad-bug, Malignant,
malevolent ; timid.

^ bad-pidar (bad father), A step-
father.

yj> .1$ bad-partau, Unfortunate ; sinister,
of a bad aspect ; of a wretched character.

yet,^ ^ bad-parhez, Intemperate ; heedless,
imprudent ; inattentive to medical advice.

<_sj^ji ■M bad-parhezi, Inattention to
medical advice ; carelessness about one's
health ; intemperance, excess.

ajU. y\j — > j< bad-pusardni khdna-kan,
Perverse sons, destroying their father's
house.

( 162 )

-> a? bad-pasand, A lover of difficulties.
A) bad-pueht, A young unbroken
bea9t of burden, that will bear no load,

ij*-s.> a> bad-pashml, Badness of hair or
wool ; bad coat (of a horse, &c.) .
jj>^ baipuz, The environs of the mouth.
a uuij baddat, Oppression, violence (m.c).
jLj A; bad-tabdr, Of Diean birth, ignoble.
y*> badtar, "Worse, more villainous.

badtarln, Worst, roost infamous.
a> bad-jalav, Disobeying the bridle,
restive.

ijjlf). Ji} bad-jalawi, Deviation; disaffection.
a ij^t- >** bad-jins, Ignoble, base-born,
mean.

A} bad-cliashm, Having a bad or tin-
lucky eye, of a malignant aspect; coveting
the property of another ; weak-sighted
(horse), one that shies ; — bad-chashmi kar-
dan, To shy.

a. £A) badh (v.n.). Cutting, splitting,
tearing ; hitting, striking ; coming upon
one with an affair suddenly and unex-
pectedly ; breaking down under a load (a
camel).

a J^- ■M bad-hal, In bad circumstances;
ill-tempered, peevish.

a A| bad- hall, Grief, despondency ;
badness of condition, evil plight.

a yo^f- a? bad-hawds, Senseless, insensi-
ble ; confounded, bewildered, demented,
foolish.

a Lr*\>*" "** bad-hawdsi, Stupefaction ; in-
sensibility ; consternation ; folly.

u^A) badakhsh (more usually o^s«*»
badakjishdn), Name of a country between
India and Khurasan, from whence they
bring rabies, and famous for its large
Bheep ; — badakjiehdni tdb-ddr, A ruby of
the finest colour; — kohi badakhahdn, The
mountain, where they dig them ; — la'li
badak&Bhan, The finest kind of rubies
brought from thence.

^U^s-i} badakkehdni, Of Badakhsh an ;
a ruby.

^X. yt*.^ badak£nh-muzdb, A ruby ; red,
ruby-coloured wine.

^yA-*"*} badakh,ehi (of Badakhsh), A ruby.

a J Us. A} bad-khisdl, utJUt a» bad-khaslat,
Of a bad disposition ; ill-disposed, ill-
natured ; — bad-kM?dldni andm, The most
vicious or perverse of mankind.

a !■*- a» bad-k£at, Writing ill ; a bad pen-
man.

a (jk-^j bad-kkulq, Ill-tempered, perverse.

jt- ai bad-kho (khu, khoy, khuy), Bad-
tempered, ill-bred, rude ; vicious, wicked.

s^ys. aj bad-khwab, Roused from sleep,
and hence ill-tempered ; awakening with an
ill-humour.

j\ys. a< bad-khwdr, Ill-fed.

ij*>V- *** bad-ihwaragi. Poorness of living.

qIjl. a» bad-kjiwdn, Difficult to read,
illegible.

<rtji a» bad-khwdh, Malevolent, invidious ;
enemy.

u*'}^ a> bad-khwdhi. Malevolence, hatred,
jj*- a» bad-khwud, Ill-tempered, out of
sorts.

^y* - bad-khwurish, Ill-fed.
^ys. a> bad-kho'l, Badness of temper ;
vice.

a. JW*- a> bad-kJtiydli, Evil opinion (espe-
cially not founded or justified) ; — bad-
khiyali kardan, To be mistaken in one's
bad opinion of (mui.cc).

I***- -V bad-khim, Malevolent ; sour,
crabbed, ill-tempered.

a *i bad-du'd, An imprecation, male-
diction,

Ja a; bad-dil, Dastardly, cowardly, timid,
pusillanimous ; weak, silly ; suspicious.
a> bad-dili, Cowardice; suspicion.

a £t.A A) bad-dimdgA, Difficult to please ;
dissatisfied, discontented with everything.

a ^V-J Aj bad-dim dg&i, Displeasure, dis-
content.

h JjJ a? bad-daul, 111 shaped, ungraceful.

a c^jUa aj bad-diydnat, Dishonest, fraudu-
lent, false; — bad-diydnatl, Dishonesty, un-
fair dealing ; corrupt practice.

a yt<i a? bad-dm. Impious, irreligious,
heretical.

a m>\o aj bad-zdt, Base-born ; vicious ; ugly
(m.c.) ; — bad-zdti. Baseness ; unprincipled
conduct, villainy.

a ^.3 Ai bad-zihn, Slow of apprehension,
stupid.

a jA» badr, The full moon.

;A) ha-dar, Without, out of doors ; — 6a-
dar uftddan, To fall out; — ba-dar dmadan,
To come out; — ba-dar dwardan, To bring
out, to extract ; — ba-dar burdan. To lead or
carry out, to eject, expel ; — ba-dar raftan
(shudan), To go out, to step out. ; — ba-dar
zadan, To go, proceed, or flee ; — ba-dar
kardan, To drive out, eject, expel, emit ; —
ba-dar nay dmadan, To be distressed and
helpless; to lag, be tired, remain behind ;
— jdn ba-dar burdan, To save oneself ; to
escape.

(•\)Aj bad ram, Wild, vicious, unbroken
(horse); continually; = pidrdm, q.v.

£}\)A( badrdn, A kind of stinking herb ;
a kind of dish ; wicked ; — bi-darr-dn (imp.
of darridan, followed by an), Finish this ;
tear this to pieces.

^jAj bad-rdh, Deviating from the right
path, in a wrong road ; wicked ; (dushmani
bad-rdh, A malignant enemy); — bad-rdh
kardan, To misguide, to deprave.

tS^ _jAj ba-dar ay, Come forth.

a (jlj a> bad-ra'y, &±\j a> bad-rdya, Errone-
ous, ill-advised ; heretical ; leading astray.

a bad-rd'iha, Fetid ; a stink,

stench.

a SjAj badrai, badra, A square piece of
cloth or leather filled with coin and tied up

^ ( 163 ) Ljj

as a purse; bag; a weight of 10,000
dirheras, or 7,000 dinars.

badruj, The purple amaranth,
a 5;-^ ba-darj, For insertion or entry ;
per invoice.

a ba-darja, In or to a degree ; by
many degrees ; ever so much.

^> bad-rakhla, Melancholy, gloomy.
badar-rav (going out), A drain,

Bewer.

a J)jJj bad-rizq, Disliked, unacceptable.

Ojy-V badarza, A portion, part, share ; —
bidruza, bidraxa, Victuals carried home
from an entertainment by the guests.

ba-durusti or ba-drusti, Indeed,

truly.

v-* j«V badr-shab, A night lit by the
full moon.

jUij ai bad-raftdr, Going badly ; patient ;
— bidrvftdr (for j^*;^ q.v.), A surety, a
sponsor.

bad-raftdri, Bad conduct (m.c.) ;
— bidruftdxi, Surety, sponsorship.

badraqtx, A guide, guard, escort,
convoy ; protection ; a vehicle ; anything
ordered to be taken with medicine (as
water-gruel with salts) ; an observer of the
niOun ; a confidant ; patient ; — waraqa'i
mahabbat-badraqa, Letters of friendship.

a v^j bad-rikdb, Ill-paced, hard to
mount.

bad-rag, Of a bad stock ; malevolent.
bad-ragl, Baseness ; malevolence.
a> bad-rang, Of a bad colour or kind.
0 _j.y ba-dar nawlai, Error ; the audit-
ing of charges.

j;A> bad-rav, A bad goer, ill-paced ; a
pack-horse.

*><0>»» bidriid, Farewell ! health ; fronting ;
parting, leaving, quitting.
jVJjjy a> bad-rozgdr, Wicked ; unfortunate.
Ji*)j^ badrush, ii~*^yA> badrftsht, A pass,
a narrow pass on an enemy's confines ; ex-
pectation.

ba-durogk, Falsely.
B)A> badra, see ; — bidra, A ship-worm.
a badn, Of or relating to the full
moon ; plenilunar ; one who had been pre-
sent at the battle of Eadr ; a purse full of
money.

yjlo ba-daryd dadan (to give to the
sea), To wash ; to remove out of sight.

O^ij M bad-zabdn. Foul-mouthed, ill-
tongued, back-biting, scurrilous ; indecent
language, abuse.

6jjjjJi» ba-dttzdtda, Stealthily (used of
the glance of a lover).

A* bad-zabdnl, Scurrility, abuse.

^VSjJ) a> bad-zindagdni, Wicked, viciouB ;
a bad liver ; one who fares meanly or
ooarsely.

iJt\ ai bad-zahra, Malignant ; timid, fear-
ful.

S-ij bad-zlb, Ungraceful, inelegant.

(j*^ badas (abbreviation of ba-dast bdsh)>
Make haste !

At bad-sdz, Angry, infuriated; badly
made.

o^tU a> bad-sd'at, An unlucky moment ;
ill-timed.

*j^~a> bidazt, bidist, badast (S. vitasti), A
span; — ba-dast, With the hand, in the
hand, &c. ; — ba-dast amadan, To come to
hand ; — ba-dast dwardan, To procure ; —
ba-dast bash. Be at hand ! make ready ! be
quick ! attend ! — ba-dast budan, To be in
hand ; to be aware, to be informed of ; to
be on the alert ; to number, to count ; to
obtain; — ba-dasti chaji khuftan. To sleep
on the left arm, i.e. peacefully ; — ba-dasti
chap shumurdan, To count with the left
hand, the fingers on the left hand stand-
ing for thousands, hence to count by thou-
sands ; — ba-dasti digar mar giriftan, To
take hold of the serpent (i.e. to engage
in a perilous undertaking) with the hand
(aid) of another ; — ba-dast iihudan, To come
to hand ; — ba-dast giriftan, To take in hand,
to handle ; — ba-dast-n-jpd'i kase uftddan, To
be entirely overpowered (by intoxication,
desire, &c.) ; — ba-dast-u-danddn niyuh dash-
tan, To preserve or guard with the utmost
care.

jyi-A) ba-dastur, According to custom ; as
here! ofore.

» a> bad-saj, Ungraceful, ill-favoured.

pWM •*>. bad-sar-anjdm, Coming to a
bad end ; — bad-sar-anjdmi, Bad or evil end ;
badness of end or conclusion.

<j^&j~. A} bad-sinsht, Ill-disposed, ill-
natured.

yU^-i) badisjfi^dn, badisgun, Ivy,

convolvulus.

Jl£~. ai bad-dkdl, bad-sigdl, Male-

volent, malignant.

yjkJ^SL- a> bad-sigdlldan, To plot mischief.

a jj^jl- bad-suWcl, Bad behaviour,
misbehaviour ; ill-treatment, discourtesy ; —
bad-suluki kardan, To maltreat.

a> bad-suwdr, A bad horseman; a
stallion, fierce and untractable ; a horse
that will not carry well or double.

a> bad-sudd, Unfair in one's transac-
tion, dishonest in trade.

a ki>^-. a* bad-sirat, Ill-tempered, ill-be-
haved.

yUiA) badishfjiidn. Ivy, convolvulus.

a Ji* A) bad-shakl, Deformed, ill-shaped.
a> bad-shugun, yj^*- batl-shugvn,
Unlucky, ill-onieued.

<_^j£*> A> bad-slingum, Ill-luck.

a ^>-^ -« bad-sdrat, Ugly ; badly formed ;
— bad-siirati, Ugliness ; disfigurement ; de-
formity.

a jjjj^ Ai bad-tanq, A bad habit (reli-
giously).

a utXt Ai bad-tinat, Ill-tempered, malig-
nant ; iniquitous.

( 164 )

a (j^rS- A> bad-tinati, Malignity, malevo-
lence; iniquity.

a Aj bad-zann, bad-zan, Suapicioua,
distrustful.

a bid', New, original ; — bida', pi. of
the following.

A bid'at, Novelty, innovation in

matters of religion, heresy, schism ; wrong,
violence, oppression, outrage ; strife, quar-
rel ; a hog ; — du sik bid'at, Two or three
hogs.

a u*"^ bid'ail, A tyrant, oppressor.

a <-Alc a) bad-'alaf, Unobservant of the dis-
tinction between clean and unclean meats ;
unscrupulous.

« •*< bad-'amal, Evil-doer, wrong-
doer.

<* (J* 6 bcbd-'amali, Wrong-doing ; mis-
government, mismanagement, misrule.

a A} bad-'ahd, o^**J ) ^ •** bad-'ahd-
u-paimdn, A liar ; a promise -breaker ; per-
fidious.

a ts-i^ <*♦ bad-'ahdi, Breach of faith, per-
fidy.

pW/ -a* bad-farjdm, Ending badly; ma-
lignant, ill-meant.

a JUj a> bad-fi'al, Operating badly,
having an unlucky teudency, doing mis-
chief; of bad habits (in a religious sense).

a J*i a> bad-fi'l, Iniquitous, villainous,
sinful; — bad-fi'li, Iniquity,

jj*^ hadfvz, The inside of the mouth •
the environs of the mouth, the corners, or
dimples ; — bud-fuz (probably bud, lord +
A. faux, felicity), fortunate, succeeding in
one's wishes.

ft badaq, A pawn at chess.

a ui-iA» ba-diqqat, With trouble ; with
difficulty ; minutely, attentively (m.c).

a bad-qadam, With ill- shaped feet

(peacock) ; ill-omened.

a jU> ^ bad-qimdr, A rascally cheat, who
gets money anyhow ; ill-tempered ; habi-
tually wicked.

a 4iLj jkj bad-qiyafa, Sinister, ill-looking.
budak, A hoopoo, a pewit.

jtf bad-Mr, bad-kdra, Iniquitous,

villainous, sinful; adulterous.

tsi^ •*» Wickedness, villainy ; profligacy ;
adultery ; unnatural offence.

bad-Jdrddr, An evil-doer, a male-
factor.

(jytajf a* bad-kirddri, Wickedness, mis-
chief.

,«V>}S 4j bad-kazhrdm, Doing anything
badly.

•«f bad-kand, A bribe offered to a
judge.

j£.j£ a> bad-famish, ct~i^ a> bad-kunisht,
An evil-doer; bad, evil.

•M bad-kesh, Impious ; inhuman.
t#>jf J* bad-guzin, One who chooses badly ;
badly chosen.

A) bad-guft, Obscene talk.

JS" •*» bad-gil, Ugly, unsightly (opp. to
JW 5 - 1- v '> m.c).

yWf^ bad-gumdn, Suspicious ; suspected ;
disaffected, disloyal; suspicion; — bad-
gumdn budan, To think evil of (m.c.) ; —
bad-gumdn shudan, To be jealous, suspicious.

^iUf A; bad-gumdni, Suspicion, scandal.
a? bud-gaud, Stinking ; a bribe prof-
fered to a judge.

)S ^ bad-go (gii, goy, guy), A slanderer,
detractor ; one who talks ribaldry.

bad-giinyd, Ill-constructed, having
a crooked court-yard (house).

frf J* bad-gohar (gauhar), Essentially
bad ; bad by nature ; of a wicked, base,
mean origin.

a^j* <*» bad-goydn (guy an), Evil-speakers ;
calumniators, backbiters.

J/ «^ bad-go' i (gu'i), Evil- s peaking,
slander, detraction.

J A) ba-dil, With the heart, heartily.

a badal, Change, alteration; substi-
tution ; return, requital, retaliation ; —
badali an, In lieu of that ; — badal dddan,
To give an equivalent; — badali fardg&ai,
A bribe for a benefice, simony ; — badali mdl,
Exchange, barter, price ;— badal kardan, To
exchange ; — badal gashian, To become
changed.

a bSj4 budald' (pi. of badil), Substitutes.

a bad-Ujdm, = J* q.v.

a ^j"^! ^ bad-lijdmi, Restiveness.

a tUJ aj bad-lihdz, Unmannerly, disre-
spectful, rude, impudent ; immodest, inde-
cent, shameless.

a UJ A} bad-liqd, Ugly, ungainly (m.c).
aj bad-ligdm, Hard-mouthed, head-
strong.

e\£ jLA ji) bad-langar-gdh, Having a bad
anchorage (m.c.).

<5i^» bidla, A kind of tree which bears no
fruit ; a tree fit only for the file ; an every-
day garment.

a *W -M bad-lahja, Ill-tongued, malignant.

a (j-sSj* bidlis, Name of a town near Khilat.

st yjjj^ badliyun, A kind of gum,
bdellium.

f>->4 ba-dam, With the breath, &c ;
quickly, swiftly ; — bi-dam (imp. of dami-
dan), Blow thou, &c.

g (j-aiUaj badmdndat (?), Name of a skil-
ful physician.

a ts-*as<* a> bad-mahabbat, Unamiable.

a s-^-i-. Aj bad-mazhab, A sectary ; an
idolater.

badmard, and —

a -M bad-mizdj, Peevish.

a ij*Ay J* bad-mizdji, Peevishness.

Jy. a> lad-mazagi, Insipidity ; coolness
betwixt friends.

ly ^ bad-mamh, Of b;id taste ; distaste-
ful; tasteless, insipid (m.c).

^_*» .»* bad-mast, Intoxicated refrac-
tory ; ruttish.

( 166 )

_ •»> bad-maeti, Intoxication ; disso-
luteness, profligacy ; ruttishness.

« (j**=-^x At bad-musdhabati. Evil com-
pany,

a <U=* a> bad-mazinna, Suspicious, mis-
trustful.

a i^U* a> bad-ma'ash, Of a bad life, pro.
fession, or trade ; immoral ; blackguard,
rascal ;— bad-ma'dshl, Bad way of living,
loose conduct ; villainy, rascality.

a t^i+^x* A) bad-mu'amalagt, Unfair deal-
ing.

a aL»U- a> bad-mil' dmala, Unfair.

/V*" bad-mimum (in Zand and Piizand),
Fearing, running away.

y^i badmft (another reading for yf.
q.v.), Expectation, hope, desire.

TV* bad-mihr, Unfriendly, unkindly,
malevolent (m.c.).

ts/ir* bad-mihrl, Unkind ness, ill-will ;
fatal love.

A y»< badan, The body (especially when
lifeless); a headless trunk; privities; a
short coat of mail ; a cuurtain (in fortifica-
tion) ; — badan dar jama na gunjid, (His)
garment could not contain (him for joy) ;
— budun (pi. of badanai), Beasts for sacri-
fice ; fatness.

t>J* budan (for o-^jj biidan), To be, to be-
come.

bad-ndm, A bad name ; having a
bad name, infamous ; an evil-speaker ; a
disease to which horses and mules are sub-
ject ; — bad-ndm dddan, To calumniate ; —
bad-ndm numudan, To give a bad name to
(m.c).

M bad-ndml, Infamy, bad repute,
disgrace.

a &a> badanat, An ox or camel sacrificed
at Mecca in discharge of a vow ; a curtain
(in fortification, m.c).

jty J* bad-nizhdd, Base-born, descended
from mean ancestors ; a horse, got by an
Arabian sire, out of a Turkish mare (and
not highly esteemed on account of his
dam).

a J~> ^ bad-nad, Of a bad stock ; a bas-
tard.

yLii aj bad-niskdn, Evil-doer, wicked.

a v-*-> bad-na$ib, Unfortunate.

a fit a> bad-nazar, Of bad aspect, ill-
favoured ; — bad-nazarl, Badness or wicked-
ness of look; unstghtliness.

a J*s At bad-na'l, (A horse) unsure-footed,
apt to stumble; troublesome (horse), bad
to shoe.

a (jM At bad-nafs, Having a depraved
mind, sensual ; — bad-nafae, Whose breath
is offensive; having an unpleasing voice.

a u^ii At bad-nafsi, Sensuality.

<*\>.»f budarik, Water-cresses.

A At bad-nigar, Seeing badly, weak-eyed.

W At bad-numa, bad-numiid, De-

formed, ungraceful, inelegant; unsightly,

u gty i — bad-numd'i, Unsightliness, inele-
gance, ugliness.

»>V •*? bad-nihad, Depraved, perfidious.

^jI^ At bad-nihddi, Malignity, depravity.

a vs*"** badani, Of or relating to the body.

a wt^j A} bad-niyat, Mal-intentioned, male-
volent ; covetous, avaricious ; lustful, sen-
sual.

)±t bado (for ba-o or ba o), To, for, by
him, or it; — badav, Fleet (horse); — ba-du,
With two, by two, &c. ; — ba-du lala (by the
two tulips), By the two lips of the beloved
(amorous oath).

Aj^} badu, The first of anything; begin-
ning, commencement; a desert; (for ba-
davri) a tribe of Arabs inhabiting the
desert.

j^jAt badwdr. Of evil thoughts; mis-
chievous.

badwdx, Flying ; a roost, a perch.

A j_jO> budur (v.n. of ;•*?), Making baste ;
— (pi. of badr), Full moons.

*yA? badi/ra, badivara, A share, portion;
sweetmeats, delicacies carried away by
guests from a feast.

y^jij badus, Good-will, affection ; hope j
a sharp sword.

a <i*4j At bad-waz'a, Ill-formed, ugly ; ill-
bred ; evil-disposed ; — bad-waz'a'i, Ugli-
ness ; bad dispositiou ; rudeness.

A yj^» bi-dun (ba-dun), Without, besides ;
— ba-dun dnkih. Without (ui.c).

a <jjJ4 badawiy, Wild, rude (as the Arabs
of the desert) ; a Bedouin ; a country-man,
country bumpkin.

a iAt badh (v.n.), Coming suddenly, sur-
prising; happening unexpectedly.

bada, Boiled rice ; name of a very
hard tree ; any tree which bears no fruit j
a debt, a loan ; (also bada'i diwdni) taxes to
be paid to Goverment (m.c); the willow;
— buda, Linen tinder ; — ba-dih, To or in
the village ; — bi-dih (imp. of dddan), Give
thou, &c. ; — ba-dah, In, with, by ten ; — ba-
dah qird'at ddnisian, To know (the Koran)
in ten readings, (met.) to know thoroughly
nil that is wanted ; — ba-dak mtiki ballurrni
ab-ddr, By the ten fresh and shining
crystals (fingers) of the beloved.

A^AAt bi-dihdd, May (God) grant.

a A) bad-hazm, Having a bad diges-
tion ; suffering from indigestion ; — bad'
hazmt, Indigestion, dyspepsia,
jtf tAt bada-h&r, A debtor,

a &U>> At bad-hi'a, Deformed, ill-shaped,

iS* badi, Badness ; (for «^) mayst thou
be ! live for ever !

a cs-^ badi, Newly invented, created, dis-
covered, found out; first; a well that has
been made since the Muhammadan era.

badij, The myrobalan or citron -tree.

a jfcjJ^ badikh, Eminent in rank or dig-
nity.

( 166 )

4-n>>M badi$a, A circular bit of wood or
leather fixed on the top of a spindle; a
circular bit of wood bored for receiving the
top of a tent-pole.

O^i'V badeshdn (for ba-eshan), To,

for, with, by them.

a badV, Wonderful, surprising, mar-
vellous, astonishing, strange, rare ; a thing
invented, an invention ; — badi'u 'l-jamdl,
Of astonishing beauty.

a i**) &^ badi'-raqam, Who traces beauti-
ful characters, a caligraphist.

a g^u> £>.4 badi'-sani', The supreme
spirit; the form of Adam, the human
body.

Ji-i» badil, Name of a celebrated king.

a Jj^> badil, A substitute; a good, just,
religious man; nickname of the poet KM-
qani.

-V bad-yumn. Ominous, inauspicious ;
— bad-yvm.nl, Bad omen ; bad luck ; unpro-
pitiousness.

t>4^) badln, To, in, or with this ; — badln
guna, In this manner.

a y.?.^ badln, Corpulent, fat, lusty (man
or woman).

*j>ij badya, A wine-butt; — bidya, Desire.

A 2~<t±i badihat, badlha, Anything said or
done without premeditation , an impromptu,
improvisation, extempore ; off-hand; a sally,
a fancy ; an unexpected event ; an axiom ; —
ba-badlha guftan, To speak extempore.

a 0 <g>u badihf, Extempore, unpremedi-
tated ; apparent, manifest, self-evident ; an
axiom ; — badihi guftan, To speak extempore,

a bazz (v.n.), Conquering ; victory,
conquest ; name of a town between Arrau
and Azarbaijan, whence a river springs,
the bathing in which is said to cure from
fever.

A »Uj baza' (v.n. of £!*), Being impudent,
immodest, obscene in conversation ; ob-
scenity, indecency.

A is\ii bi-zdti-hi, By its own essence ; of
itself ; of himself ; in person ; essentially ;
independently ; intrinsically.

j^-i* bazbdr, A mimic, buffoon, jester.

A t*> bazh (v.n.), Slitting, splitting.

a bazakh (v.n.), Being proud, haughty,
headstrong.

A bazr (v.n.), Sowing seed, dissemina-
ting, scattering; disclosing a secret;
squandering money ; seed-corn, seed.

A'ij bazrdm, A delightsome place.

f j^i bazr-gar, A sower, a tiller of the
ground.

^ ji* bazr-garl, Agriculture, husbandry.

a <i>jUjAj ba-zari'a, By way of, by means of,
through ; by reason of.

A y.**;j>> bizruftan (for pazrvftan), To
accept, be pleased with.

a bazraqat (v.n, of Q), Being a
guide, escort ; extreme basbiulness ; a
guide, escort,

*)>^> bazra, A talent.

bizist, bizisht, A span.

a baza', Terror, fear.

a Jjj bazl (v.n.), Giving liberally ; muni-
ficence ; a gift, a present; expense; — bazli
simin, Excessive liberality ; — bazl kardan,
To present ; to expend ; to put forth.

a &Ji» bazla, The recital of a poem in a
cadence ; a joke, jest, pleasantry, raillery,
witticism, bon-mot, anything pleasant and
entertaining; — bizla (for bidla), An every-
day garment.

jb ii ±1 bazla-baz, A buffoon, jester ;
witty.

bizla-posh, Clad in an every-day

garment.

a £ hazla-go, bazla-goy, A

jester, a droll ; jocular.

a pi* buzm, Intellect, understanding ;
toleration, patience ; power, strength.

bazh, A ball ; a button (doubtful
word) ; — biza, buia, A barren tree, used
only as fire-wood; touch-wood, tinder.

a tsM bazi, Obscene, immodest (in conver-
sation).

y^>i} bazyun, A costly garment of silk.
6a?-, ji\ abar (S. upari), On ; up ; upon ;
in; into ; to (dative) ; at ; forth; with ; back ;
away ; against ; near ; before ; according to ;
on account of ; — bar-budan, To be over, to be
gone, to be lost ; — bar-raeidan, To happen ;
—bar-giriftan, To take, receive, accept,

jt bar, Height, top, summit ; altitude ;
breadth ; a continent, a desert ; a side,
part ; body ; (Z. vara) breast, bosom, arm-
pit or lap, embrace ; remembrance, trace,
impression; a young woman; a palace; a
door; a kind of tree, the Indian fig; a
bird ; — ba-bar tang kashidan, To embrace
closely ; — dar bar kardan (kashidan, girif tan),
To take in one's arms, to embrace (m.c.).

f. bar (from burdan. To bear, &c, S. bhri),
Fruit, produce, seed, leaf; profit, advan-
tage; burden, load ; (in comp.) seizing and
carrying off ; a porter, carrier ;— bur (in
comp. as contracted participle of buridan),
Cutting.

;» barr (by metrical licence for bar),
Breast.

a barr, Good, beneficent; just, equi-
table, true, righteous; pious towards God ;
dutiful to parents ; affectionate to children ;
God ; a desert, a large uncultivated barren
plain ; — barri biydbdn, An extensive desert ;
— birr, Piety, reciprocal affection between
parents and children ; goodness, innocence;
a fox's cub; — burr, Wheat.

\j> bard, A sort of savoury dish made of
minced meat and spices ; (for bardy) for,
on account of; — hurra, burd, Acute, sharp,
cutting,

a bara\ free, clear, exempt; name of
one of Muhammad's companions.

)i bar ah, On the water ; (a field) sown

( 167 )

and watered ; rapidly ; at once ; — bar db
amadan. To become divulged; — bar dbi
fulan, After the manner of so and so
bar <lb f/uftan, To speak fast ; to repartee ;
— bar iib nawishtan, To write rapidly, or at
once ; — bar Ctb nihddan, To create or render
unsteady and unstable; — bar db u cltisk
mdan, To take the utmost trouble ; to
exert oneself in vain.

j»V bar-d-bar (breast to breast), Equal,
alike, on a par; plain, even, level, smooth;
uniform ; accurate, exact ; equally, in the
same manner ; abreast, opposite, over
against ; — bar-d-bar skudan, To consent,
to agree, to conspire ; — bar-d-bar Icardan,
To level ; to oppose ; — dii barabar, Twice
as much, the double (m.c.) ; — sih barabar,
Thrice as much (m.c).

a bardbir, Sy^i bardbirat, Natives of
Barbary or Western Africa; barbarians,
Africans.

C)VV barabar an, Name of a medicinal
herb.

bar abr rasldan, To reach the
highest pinnacle.

cs/V bar-a-bari, An equality; — bar-d-
bari kardan, To contend, to oppose oneself
to another, to dispute for equality.

a W\y bardbit (pi. of burbot), Harps, lutes.

A My bard'at, (v.n. of '\y), Being free
(from fa.ults or crimes) ; innocence ; —
bard'ati zimmat, Good conscience ; inno-
cence ; fidelity ; — burd'at, Shavings,
scrapings, parings.

a upty barcit, A writing conferring immu-
nity or exemption ; letter, epistle ; a royal
diploma, brevet, commission, patent, or
privilege ; an assignment, a draft, a cheque ;
the fourteenth day of the month of Sha'ban ;
— bardt bar shukhi dhu, Vain promises, lies
(a draft on Whitechapel pump) ; — bardti
zimma, Safe-conduct, passport ; — bardti
sultan, bardti 'ali-shan, bardti liumdydn,
Eoyal, imperial, or august diplomas, letters,
or privileges.

^ <*Ajt bardt-ddr, One who holds an
assignment, privileged ; a patentee.

yjilti ySj.^ j> bar diish nishdndan, To
make one restless, to agitate.

bardti, A worn-out garment ; (S.
vrdta) relations who conduct the bride-
groom to the bride's house.

(y-Jj) yjw^ f\ y bar asari lease

amadan (raftan), To come (go) in one's
track, to follow closely.

a i*t\jt bardjlm (pi. of burjumat), Joints
of the fingers.

Js^y bardjil. Parsley ; the world ; side.

a bardh (v.n. of ty), Ending, desist-
ing, ceasing, terminating ; receding, desert-
ing, flying ; going into an uncultivated
country; a wide-extended desert ; a woman's
name ; — birah, The sun.

a c^\y ba-rdhat, With ease, comfortably,
commodiously (m.c).

birddandar (contraction of birddar
andar), A half-brother.

a i^j> burddat, burdda, Filings, scrapings,
saw-dust ; chips ; powder.

j<*\>» birddar (S. bhrdtri), A brother; —
birddar andar, A half-brother ; — birddari
pidar, A father's brother, an uncle; — bird-
dari haqiqi, Own brother, full brother; —
birddari khwurd, A younger brother, a
cadet ;— birddari rizd'i, A foster-brother ; —
birddari zan, A wife's brother, a bi\.ther-
in-law ; — birddari shauhar, A husliand's
brother; — birddari Mhtar, A younger bro-
ther ; — birddari mddar, Maternal uncle ; —
birddari mihtar, An elder brother ; —birddari
nisbat, A brother-in-law ; — birddardni din,
Brothers in the faith, religious fraternities.

"^j^y birddardna, Brotherly, like a
brother.

JJJ^J°V birddar-parwar, Kind to brethren.

^^3*- j J V birddar -khpdndagi, A calling
of oneself a brother, fraternization.

* Ji ^) a - j J \y birddar-khwdnda, An adopted
brother (see birddari khwanda above).

birddar-zdda, Brother's son,

nephew.

^j^y birddaranda, £>\ jJ^y birddar-
aitgar, A half-brother.

Oj J \y birddari, Brotherhood, the fraternal
relation; relationship; — birddari kardan,
To enter into a fraternity ; to exercise or
show brotherly love, to fraternize.
hirdzar, A brother.

j\y bar-dr, Peace, concord; (part, of bar-
dtvardan) one who carries off, draws out,
ravishes, bears away, raises up ; an ex-
tractor, bearer, elevator ; one who receives
favourably; an approver, accepter, sup-
porter.

j\y bardr, A province in the Dak'han
(India).

p)\)> birdram (ni. provincialism for bird-
daram), My brother.

5 ^j\ y bar-dranda, An extractor, bearer ;
a receiver ; an approver, accepter,

O^jT y bar-drldan, To spread branches;

= O-W t q.v.

yj\y bardrir, yyy bardriz, The year before
last.

bardz, Joining, fastening, glueing ; a
patch ; beauty, grace, elegance, ornament,
decoration; a shoemaker's last; a wedge;
(imp. of bardzidan) well then ! despatch !
finish ! — birdx, A goad ; plough-gear.

a j\y biraz (v.n. 3 of jy), Fighting (espe-
cially single combat) ; human excrement (a
more decent word than ghd'it).

yW)\y birdzbdn, That part of a knife or
dirk which enters into the handle; the
shank.

->j\y bardzad, Convenient, fit, proper,
suitable, elegant, graceful, beautiful j good

( 168 )

manners ; ornament, decoration ; it agrees,
suits, accords ; — birdzad, A brother, friend,
or companion.

bardzda, A mass of leaven.

jjV birdzar, A brother ; goodness ; ele-
gance (not supported by examples).

bardzish, Decoration ; a patching.

JfojV bardzandagi, Decoration.

>Ai jV bardzanda, Superior, accomplished
(m.c.).

t>\>)V birazwan, That part of a knife or
dirk which enters into the handle ; the
shank.

0-*>jV bardzldan. To join, unite; to deco-
rate ; to render good, beautiful; to despatch,
to finish ;^burdzldan, To act with propriety,
behave with decency, proceed in conformity
with, to coincide, to fit ; to be convenient.

J{j^ bardz'tl, Brazil (m.c).
, bardstd, A skilful guide.

WV"^ 7* bar-asudan. To rest ; to give rest.
bardsh, A quenching ; a stilling ; a
scratch, a wound ; a sprinkling, a scatter-
ing.

(j-saa^j* bar ashuftan, To agitate.

&*44i1 p bar-ashtt fta, Bewildered j excited.

^jtbbS ji bar-dahuftagi, Excitement.

yA-A^ barashidan, To put down, to quell ;
to scatter, sprinkle, diffuse.

a Sc\^ bard'at (v.n. of fy), Excelling;
being perfect in virtue and beauty ; excel-
lence, pre-eminence ; — bard'ati istihldl, The
meeting of several synonymous words in a
sentence.

barriigh, A cupper.

yxS^jt bar-tiykalidan, y^s^j* bar-aghall-
dan, To instigate, stimulate, stir up ; to
put to flight, chase, cause to run ; to ex-
tract, pluck up.

sjUi^ y bar dftdb afgandan, To dry
in the sun, to bleach.

y^UiV ^ bar-uftddan, To dwindle, die
away.

sjU^ bar-uftdda, Overcome, powerless.

j) bar-afrdshtaii, To exalt, erect,

raise.

if**-)/} ]> bar-afrokhtan, To kindle, light
up.

^jSjai-^l ^ bar-afrukMagi, Illumination ;
lighting up (m.c).

ij.4. )3 h\ bar-afroMta, Inflamed, fired,
lit up.

j* bar-afrod, Topsy-turvy, pell-mell.

qx^^ y bar-afrosldan, To excite desire ;
to walk with a faRtidious, pompous air ; to
abuse one by menacing actions or oppro-
brious words.

y^eSji^i^ ^ bar-afzhulldan, To incite, to stir
up ; to extract ; to pluck out ; to throw
away.

u!^.j> ^ bar-afshdndani dart,

Dancing (literally, waving the hands).

y^^tf jt bar-afgandan, To throw up ; to
remove ; to send,

a burdq, The celebrated animal

smaller than a mule and bigger than an
ass, upon which Muhammad is said to
have gone from Jerusalem to heaven ;
[burdq ba-dast, Having burdq in hand, rein-
ing burdq; — burdqi barq-tdss, A steed fleet
as lightning; — burdqi jam,. The wind which
wafted Solomon's throne from place to
place; — burdqi chahdrum, faiak, The sun;
the seventh heaven; — burdqi jam, The wind
carrying Solomon's throne) ; — barraq,
Flashing, glittering, bright.

a j>\ji burdq-raftdr, Swift as burdq.

a bardqish, Name of a bitch.

a barrdql, barrdqiyat, Splen-

dour, brilliancy.

l ^jt bardkah, A mountain in Farghfi.ua.

t*»5\ji bar dganda (or ^\^), A bribe to
corrupt a judge, a present, gift, offering,
donation.

(j^sAUfy bar-dmdhtdan, ^ ji bar-
dmdsidan, To swell, to blow up (as dough).

<*"f ft bar-dmad, A rising or coming up ;
issue ; expenditure, outgoings ; informing
(more particularly of bribery), accusation,
impeachment ; — bar-dmadi kdr, The execu-
tion of any business.

W- bar-dmad-jd, &\S j? bar-dmad-
gdh, The place of starting, rising, coming

u?**^ / bar-dmadagl, A projection, rising,
or swelling ; a setting in, an overspreading
of darkness.

CJ-M ji bar drnadan, To ascend, arise,
come forth, appear, emerge, grow out; to
surprise, to come suddenly and unex-
pectedly ; to succeed in one's wishes, to
triumph, overcome ; to result ; to honour,
exalt, magnify; to pass through; to be
disgusted or tired out ; to be replete.

j>. bar-dmada, Prominent ; a balcony,
verandah, porch.

a bardmikat (pi. of barmakl), Bar-

mecides, persons of the family of Bariuak.

-iyA jt bar-'imud, Full, replete, adorned.

O^sicA j) bar-dmahidan, — t)<*a*^ )t q.v.

<^=&iy«l f. bar-dme/c&tan, To mix, to
mingle.

t)T ji bar an, Upon that; — bar an ahudan,
To agree upon ; to will, desire, intend.

y\>* burrdn, Sharp, cutting.

y^-^^ y bar-anddk]itan, To throw out or
down ; to scatter, throw about, discomfit,
defeat; to break an engagement, to rescind
a purchase or sale.

4 bar-anddz, Expenditure.

JUi^ burdnddf, Intestines.

r* <2^ j J J bar an dil u bar tin ear,
Upon (with) that intent and purpose.

burdndan, To lose at play ; — bur-
randan, To be sharp and cutting.

jUs^ ^jUi^ bardngiidr u juwunghdr, The
right and left wings of an army.

bardngdr, The right hand.

\jt ( 169 ) ^

t}**^ U! — y iar omgusht jnchidan, To
mpress upon memory, to remember (as
anything strung round the finger).

y bar-angekhtagl, Instigation,
y bar-angekhtan, To raise or pull
up, tear out, draw forth, eradicate ; to
eicite, stir up, rouse, awake ; to cause to
happen; to learn, know.

bar an and, On that they are

agreed.

barana, Name of a city.
u»y bardni, A glass or earthen vessel in
which flowers, sugar, confections, or medi-
cines are kept.

burdnidan, To kiss or be kissed ;
to go away ; to agree ; to put to flight.

bardv, A sweeper of the streets, a
dustman.

)}\ jj bar-dwar, Fruit-bearing (tree),
fruitful.

Jj/i y bar-award, An estimate, calcula-
tion ; a specimen ; a citadel ; — bar award
kardan, To draw up (a muster-roll) ; to
calculate, estimate, carry to account.

u^;^/ bar-dviardagi, A bringing forth.

o J J^ y 1 bar-dwardan, To bring up ; to
draw out, bring forth, pluck, pull, or tear
up ; to draw (a breath) ; to elevate, raise
up, erect, build ; to repair, restore, correct,
accomplish, bring to perfection ; to relieve
(indigence or necessity) ; to close, to fill
up ; to breed (teeth or horses) ; to pro-
duce, to bear; to accept, receive favour-
ably ; to insert ; to break the peace ; to
represent; to counterfeit, feign, imitate,
mimic; — bar-dwardan arba'ine, To pass a
(space of) forty (days or years).

»Jj^y bar-awarda, Brought up or forth ;
built, constructed, erected ; mimicked, imi-
tated, counterfeited ; taken up (in the
arms) ; raised to honours ; invested with
authority ; a raised building ; a rampart ;
a fortress ; deducted or stopped ; produced,
alleged ; separated ; given ; heard, ac-
cepted ; completed, finished ; accustomed
to anything; — bar-dwarda , i mban Jcardan,
To speak, utter, pronounce.

t>J*:^y bar-dviekhtan, To suspend, hang
up

''rf ba-rdh, To the way, by the way ; (also
ZwraA) ornament, beauty, elegance; adorned ;
beautiful ; good ; goodness ; — ba-rdh kar-
dan, To dismiss, send away, despatch ; to
depart, set out, begin, or proceed on a
journey.

baraham, Name of a notorious

miBer.

U-safeaTt jt bar-aMhhfan, To unsheath, to
draw (a sword).

a />t>\j) barahim, f***^* barahim (pi. of
i&rafcre), Abrahams; Abraham.

a iUtty bardhimat (pi. of bardhman),
Brahman 8 ; (pi. of ibrahim) Abrahams.

a y*My bardhman, A Brahman.

S)H ; *1 / bar-dhanjidan, To draw, lead
out.

bar aha suwdr sh-udan, To
speed along in great haste.

tf^iiVf f. bar-dhefchtan, To unsheath, to
draw.

O- 1 **^ bardhidan, To send ; to travel.

A y**^ barahin (pi. of burhdn), Proofs,
arguments, demonstrations.

hardy (ba-rdy). For, because, on
account of ; in respect of, for the sake of ; —
bardyi adab, By way of civility ; — bardyi
an, For that ; — bardyi dnlci, Because that ; —
bardyi o, On his account, for him ; — bardyi
in, For this ; — bardyi chi ltdr, On what
account ? — bardyi zabti atrdf, In order to
overawe the neighbourhood ; — bardyi qard-
bat, For the sake of the relationship; —
bardyi hdri durbar, On the business of the
Durbar.

a bardya' (pi. of bariyai), Creatures;
people, men ; patricians, nobles.

&>Sf. bardya, bardyi, A pretext,

cause, reason.

^ f. bar bad, To the wind; destroyed,
overthrown, laid waste ; — bar bad budan,
To be undone ; — bar bad ddda, Given to the
wind, ruined ; — bar bad raftan, To be dis-
persed ; — bar bad sdJcktan, To destroy ; — bar
bad nihadan. To create or render of a fickle
nature.

j^y barbdr, An upper chamber.

A jtiy barbdr, Murmuring, angry ; noisy,
clamorous ; creaking (bucket) ; a lion.

<j\jW f. bar-bardn, Fields sown in time of
rain.

tj^.jt barbdr a, An upper chamber ; a pri-
vate entrance to a house.

barbdshk (Verbascum), Mullein,
s J^y birbdl, Coral.

(jAy^f f><i)\i ^SVj j> bar buldyi pdrdum guxl-
dan, see under SU.

•i?y barbad, Name of the country other-
wise called Sistan ; = q.v.

a gjW y bar-badd'i', With bosoms of
wonderful beauty (damsels).

f. yt bar-bar, Upon ; above ; besides ; upon
the breast ; — barbar, A barber, a surgeon ;
foolish talk ; quarrelsomeness ; — barbari
sar, A shaver of the head.

a barbar, The people of Barbary ; —
birbir, A word for calling sheep ; — burbur,
Noisy, clamorous.

yj> barbar-Tehdna, <j^> barbar-duJc
lean, A barber's shop.

yiy jt bar-burdan, To appear, rise (the
sun).

O^yy barbarisidn, Barbary.

iSf.f. barbari, A barberry.

T u~Vy barbaris, A gooseberry, or the tree,
y bar-bast (pi. bar-bastagdn) , Usage,
established custom, law.

yi-i y bar-bastan, To shut or fasten up ;
to be shut up by frost ; to freeze ; to prepare.

^Ji (

ft bar-baata, Shut up ; frozen, con-
gealed ; incapable of growth, inorganic.

Wji barbat, barbut, A harp or lute ; — bar-
bat-zan, A player upon the lute ; — barbat-
nawdz, A harper, a lutanist.

tsV« barbat-sardy, A performer on
the lute,

**W y bar-buland, Very high ; an upper
chamber in Eastern houses, open in the
front.

^.ulf £ bar-balandin, Ringlets dangling
upon the forehead ; ornamental work over
a doorway,

yi bar-band, Collected ; a collar ; a
girdle ; skilled to perfection.

a Wt*~}>ji barbusiyus, A kind of ivy.

barbun (a different reading for
yffl q.v.), Finest variegated silk.

t&etfji barbahin, Purslain.

I* jt bar pa, Raised, fixed, established,
erect ; — bar pa biidan, To stand, to be on
foot ; — bar pa khdstan, To rise upon the
feet ; to stand ; — bar pa Tear dan, To erect,
set up, fix, plant, or pitch ; — bar pd'i kjidk
zadan, To hold in contempt, to degrade or
render contemptible ; — bar pay ddehtan,
To support ; to be raised, pitched, or esta-
blished.

ti^SSi js bar-par oshdn, Co-religionists.

j% }i bar-paz, )> j) bar-pazh, Heaven, firma-
ment ; — bnrpuz, A plum ; the root of the
ear ; declivity of a mountain.

Jjiy barpoz, <j»y>ji barpos, The parts round
the mouth ; beak of a bird.

Ojif. barpun, The itch, the scab.

barpahan, Purslain; a throne; fly-
ing.

8 - x <^*> / bar-pechida, Twisted ; shrivelled.
yi bar-pekjija, Twisted together,

coiled.

<j*^y barids, Name of a wrestler ; name
of a city on the confines of Russia ; also a
country in Turkistan from whence costly
furs are brought.

<_5-ly bartasi, A fur brought from BartaB,

bartdshak, Mugwort.
(j^si^i y\ bar-tdftagi, Distortion.

j» bar-iaftan, To twist ; to turn
away ; to bore, pierce, perforate.

bartar, Higher ; cause, reason, sake.
""•♦Vj* bartarasak, Mugwort.
u'^jJj? bariar-manish, High-minded ; of a
Buperior understanding.

bartarin, HigheBt, most exalted ; —
bartarin sipihr, The highest or ninth
heaven.

a jjAB? j» Jar taqdir, On supposition.
bartah, An ambler.

J?j» bartal, Gbreat, vehement, tremendous.

Aliy barlula, A gift, present ; a kind of
Tartar cap worn under a wreath or turban
of fine linen ; a wreath, bandage.

(vjAj^j^ bartamidan, To break out in pus-
tules upon the lips, to have the lips chapped

170 ) en

(after a fever); to have a pain in the
abdomen from excessive heat ; to have the
shingles, or St. Anthony's fire ; to stuff, to
cram (as cotton into a sack) ; to rush head-
long ; to tumble, to fall prostrate ; to
throw down ; to grow fat ; to boil (meat) .

ijSjt bartan, Proud, arrogant (opp. to
q.v.) ; an Arabian ; a tribe ; a leader.

<jfcjy bartang, The bittern ; a narrow
kind of cloth ; swaddling-clothes ; a girth.

bartani, A strut ; haughtiness, vain-
glory.

barta, Name of a hero of Iran,
yj^jj bartahidan, To throw upon the
ground; to destroy, subvert, overturn,
overwhelm, deface ; to heap together.

bartibd (in Zand and Pazand), A
swallow.

A >±>ri bars, Soft, smooth, fertile (ground).
a yjy bursun, The soft part under the
claws of birds and beasts; the hand with
the fingers.

tji barj, A cylinder; a rolling-pin; —
baraj, A sweet-scented flag.

A sj> bttrj, A tower; a dove-cote; a star,
constellation ; the station of a planet ; a sign
of the zodiac ; [burji dbt, Aquarius ; a reser-
voir ; a building in the water ; — burji dzarl,
The signs Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius; — burji
aeman, The zodiac, the celestial signs ; —
burji bddi, The signs Gemini, Aquarius,
and Libra ; —burji bara, The sign Aries ;
—burji tardzu, The sign Libra; — burji
suraiyd, The Pleiades ; the sign Taurus ;
(met.) the face of a mistress ; — burji
saw, Taurus ; — burji chihal sola, An
angel ; the human understanding ; Adam ;
— burji hamal, The sign Aries ; — burji
ihakl, The signs Taurus, Virgo, and Capri-
cornus; — burji khosha, The sign Virgo; —
burj daridan, To enter unveiled ; — burji
zakri mar, The hood of a snake ; — burji
eiyurn, The sign Gemini ; — burji sharaf, A
noble house; the highest degree of dignity
and prosperity; — burji quid, A tower of one
of the castles of Darband ; a tower that
serves as a house or a place of confinement ;
— burji kamdn, Sagittarius ; — burji kok-
ndr, The pod of a poppy ; — burji Midi,
The sign Cancer;] — baraj (v.n.), Having the
white of the eye exactly surrounding the
black.

y) bar jd, On the ground ; prostrate,
quiet ; in place ; properly placed ; true,
accurate, right; — bar jd shudan, To be
finished, arranged; — bar jd kardan, To ob-
serve, pay attention, arrange.

<j»W]> burjds, barjds, A butt to shoot at
(especially elevated high in the air) ; a stone
thrown into the water, in order to put it in
motion and make it flow fresh from the
spring.

s— Wy burjdeb, -^Wji burjdsp, An
ancient warrior of Turau.

& (

•JU-jf burjdf, A species of grain (pease or
French bean).

**W- j) bar-jama, A rich and valuable
dress.

t)Wj> burjdn, Name of a robber or a gang
of robbers ; according to others, the Bul-
garians on the Danube.

a yW-^ barrajdn, Name of a Sufi com-
mentator.

tJ°V (•■** ^} &ar _/am gadam nihddan
(to set the foot on life), To despair of life.

(jWy bar jay, On the spot.

^■^^ y bar-jdy-mdndagi, Paralysis ;
ailment, lassitude; a remaining on' the
spot.

s,>lU p bar -jay -wanda, Tired, -worn
down with fatigue ; paralytic.

iW jt bar jvewi, Somewhat, a little, in
part.

^5^— ■>- ;) bar-jadagl, A springing or leap-
ing upon ; an eruption, a pustule.

t^— * y bar-jasian, To leap up, to start
up. to bound ; to hare any pustulous com-
plaint (as the small-pox or measles) ; to
palpitate, to beat.

<w— * ji bar-jasta, Befitting, proper, right,
opportune ; salient.

f bar -joshidagi, Small-pox,

measles.

y^f* ji bar-joskidan, To boil up, fer-
ment.

^Aeil^v y bar-jahdnidan, To cause to leap.

m-ifl- f. bar-jahanda, Springy, elastic.

a ij*-^ burjl. Small tower, turret; cut-
water of the pier of a bridge.

a u~«*y birjis, Jupiter; a milch camel.

>-^y burchdf, Pease ; beans (see <-*W-j?) .
barchakh, A small spear of the
Hindus.

bar-chidan, To collect,

flAyA* j> bar-chafeidan, To clot, to felter.

t^fl bar jam, = q.v.

■"ey birchand, Name of a village in
Khurasan,

k;jt barcha, A kind of spear.

ijtjl barchl, A small spear.

ji bar-chidan, To collect, gather,
assemble; to gird up the loins, prepare,
make haste ; to pick, choose ; to clench (a
nail) ; — daman bar-chidan, To gird up one's
loins.

[i-a. bar-china, Gathering ; a collector.

yju-a. jt bar-chindan, O" 1 *- 5 *^ j> bar-chini-
dan, To gather, collect.

itfy-^j barchln-gdh, A seat, a chair.

A tjt barh (v.n.), Affliction, distress, evil.

a burahd', Paroxysm of a fever ; grief.

a jio. j? bar hazr, Upon one's guard ;
ajiart, aside.

a, s-w f. j} bar hash, According to.

a (Jc ji bar hag, In truth, indeed, forsooth.

a «-*e-y ba-rahmat dmada, Moved by
pity.

tji barkh, A little, somewhat, some, a

71 ) &

few; a lot, portion; a house, edifice, par-
lour, dining-room, or open apartment at the
top of Eastern houses ; a cavern, a sub-
terraneous habitation, den ; a cistern ; con-
veniency ; household furniture ; lightning ;
a fish ; a spark ; — barkh, burkh, Dew,

a £j? barkh, Increase, growth, abundance ;
breaking of the neck or back ; power,
violence ; low price.

barkhaj, A spindle, a whirl.
bar-khdr, Ascent, elevation.
ut~- ^ f. bar-khdst, Adjournment ; recall.

j>. bar-khdsiagi, A rising up, up-
rising.

j> bar-khdstan. To rise, to arise ; to
rise against, make an insurrection; to stand,
to become erect ; to stir up, rouse, insti-
gate, excite ; to enkindle ; to stand still,
stop, desist ; to break up (as an assembly) ;
to grow, increase.

&~\> ut._U.jj bar/chdgt-ndma, Order of
recall.

<w-^ bar-khdsta, Raised ; — bar-khdsta
shudan, To be raised ; to become loud (as
the clamour of a mob).

a J^f. birkhash (from P. Ji-U^j q.v.),
Confusion.

t$u-ji barkhdn, Clamour ; name of a
country.

g^j! barkhach, barakhc/i. Deformed, ugly ;
weak, infirm.

barakhsh, Back of a beast of

burden.

gfcs-jj barkhafch, The nightmare.

barkhafchi, Harshness, severity ;
litigation, emulation.

barkhafanch, The nightmare.

y^jS iy> barkh kardan, To create.

a ji bar kMldf, Contrary, opposite.

yjjS' y~, Jl<s. liar khvld ear kardan, To
obtain immortality.

js^f barkhanju, A granary, storehouse ;
a pruning; joy, shout of triumph, exulta-
tion.

<Mji jt bar-khwdba, A mattress; a bed-
fellow.

ji bar-khwdj, J*\y> f bar-khwdah, A
spindle.

jlji. jf bar-khrpdr, Glory; fortune; a
partner.

yjilyi. ^ bar-khwdndan, To attribute.

oji ji bar khwvd, "Upon oneself ; — bar
khwud bastan (tardshidan), To take upon
oneself ; to make oneself responsible ; — bar
khwud pechidan, To writhe in pain ; to be
greatly distressed ; — bar khwud zadari (shi-
kaetan), To bear up with disagreeables and
inconveniences ; — bar khwud giriftan (ni-
hdndan), To take upon oneself ; to assume
the responsibility.

y-j» barkhv-ddr (contraction or cor-
ruption of jUj^), Prosperous; glorying.

jjA-jj bar-khtpar, bar-hhwiir, Glory, pros-
perity, good fortune ; a daily allowance ; a

( 172 )

barn, granary ; a companion, partner in
trade; pounding small; — bar-khwar. Having
a share.

J^jf" J* bar-kkwur-ddr, Happy, enjoying
long life and prosperity ; receiving a daily
allowance ; glorying, boasting ; household
furniture, utensils.

tSJ^ J J* bar~khy)wr-ddri, Maintenance ;
happiness, felicity, glory, reputation, good
fortune ; — - bar-khwur-ddri dddan. To be-
stow, confer, permit freely to enjoy ; — bar-
khwur-darl giriftan, (yaftan), To enjoy.

^ ^.tfV bar Miipurd bd (for bad or badi).
May he (mavest thou) be always happy.

t5 J Ji*- j* i> ar khwurdan, To eat fruit,
enjoy.

jy^jl barjchuz, A large earthen vessel ; a
wallet, portmanteau.

\j>f- bar-kb/ivush, Good, right, very
well.

J*j*- bar-khwahl, Crooked, awry.

y bar k&wesh, Upon oneself (used in
similar constructions with ^y-y <l' v -)-
i^-jt barkka, A piece, a morsel.

barkhi, Some, a little, somewhat, a
particle ; an offering, a ransom ; a substi-
tute.

a barkhiyd, Name of the father of
Asaf, the minister of Solomon.

barkhldan. To extract, draw out ;
to pluck, pull ; to reap, mow ; to unravel,
loose, resolve, tease (cotton or wool) ; to
shave ; to fortify, fence (with thorns) ; to
be inverted, changed, converted ; to clench
or rivet nails ; to surround or set (jewels
with gold) ; to find, invent ; to magnify ;
to remain quiet, to wait.

barkhea, Arise ; rising.
barkheza, Rising up ; an insurgent,
^j^s^s^ barkhezdnidan. To erect ; to
rouse.

J^j^f barkhezith, A rising, insurrection.
i^-j) barkhln, A little ransom, a small
portion.

bard (imp. of bardidan), Stand off !
give way ! hold off ! take care ! begone !
retire ! reverence, dread, terror ; a captive,
a prisoner of war ; a stone ; (iu the Kar-
munian dialect) a city ; — burd (pret. of bur-
dan), He carried, bore, supported, carried
off ; a carrying, a bearing ; (at chess) when
only the king is left to the party ; an
enigma ; — barad (aor. of burdan). He may
carry.

a bard (v.n.), Becoming or making
cold ; striking cold ; applying cool anti-
mony to the eye; filing; cold, chilliness;
sleep ; — burd, Striped cloth ; a garment ; —
burdi yamdni, A garment of striped cloth
of Yaman.

bardd, Noise of combatants ; an
enigma; stand off! &c. (like bard).

jj^jjj bard-d-bard (a word used by
guards, ushers, tipstaves, or beadles in

clearing the way), Have a care ! stand by !
confusion.

(;>jW bar-dddan, To quit, release, free.
jt bar ddr. Exalted, lifted up ; sus-
pended, hanged, crucified ; a summer-
house; [bar ddr zadan (Jcardan, kaihidan),
To crucify, to hang;— Jar ddr budan, To be
hanged ;] — barddr (in comp., as participle
of barddshtan), Bearing, supporting, rais-
ing, or holding up ; observing, obeying,
executing; — bar~ddr, Bearingfruit ; — burddr
(a contraction of burdbdr), A bearer of
burdens ; patient, long-suffering.

s.ijyii'jU^ bar ddr kasMda, Gibbeted.
j bar-ddrldan, To raise ; to hang.
barddsht, Endurance ; a musical
instrument pertaining to royalty (doubtful
meaning) ; — bar-ddsht hardan. To suffer,
endure, bear patiently.

yj^J ji bar-ddshian, To exalt, raise, ele-
vate ; to bear up, support, prop, sustain ;
to pick up ; to take, assume ; to take upon
oneself ; to remove, carry off ; to offer ; to
fly for refuge ; to overlook, disregard ; — ab
bar-ddahtan, To draw water ; — dil ax gar bar-
ddshtan. To renounce life.

^jii^o bar-ddshtanl, Bearable, support-
able ; possibility, certainty.

4sM-> ji bar-ddshta, Borne, carried ;
exalted ; a man who flies to avoid punish-
ment ; one who takes refuge in a sanc-
tuary ; exposed to hazard, left to the wide
world.

a 4*4.^0^? barddthta-kjidtir, Uneasy.
£\->j) barddgk, Name of a herb used in
dyeing.

JWj« barddl, A pair of compasses ; —
burddl (Burdigala), Bordeaux.

barddn, The juice of a certain

plant.

barddna, Bread steeped in milk
and fried with butter (doubtful word).

j>i jj) burd-bdr, A bearer of burdens ;
forbearing ; patient, long-suffering ; the
tedious winding-up of any business.

tsjW burd-bilri, Patience ; long-suffer-
ing.

dj} bard-bard, Give place ! make way !

a. sj^? burdat, A cloak, a mantle.

a gjj} bardaj {from P. barda), A captive,
prisoner ; name of a village near Shiraz.

j^-jy burudjird, Name of a town near
Hamad an.

jOj? bar dar, At, upon, over the door ;
[bar dar ssadan (shudan), To go out ; — bar
dari 'irfdn zadan, To unveil ; to abandon
shame ; — bar dar nihddan, To turn out,
eject ;] — bar-dar, The lintel over a door ; —
bardar (for j^ji), A brother.

yii^f uu— y bar dasi giriftan, To believe,
to rely upon.

£ barda', Name of a country and city
governed by Queen Noshabh at the time of
Sikandar.

^ ( 173 )

^.u&l ^ i ar daftar afgaadan, To

register, to enroll.

^•ty bardak, A fable, fiction, parable ; a
charm; — bardak, burdak, An enigma, riddle.

cj^» bardagdn (pi. of barda), Slaves.

^->/ bardagi, Captivity, slavery, bon-
dage.

0^)/- J J jt bar dil khwurdan, To make
ill-tempered, impatient, testy.

fcr**^ J J / dil giriftan. To be dis-
pleased, annoyed, impatient.

/»J ^ bar dam, A moment, instant ; —
bardam, The old name of the city barda'; —
burdam (pret. of burdan), I carried.

O^i 4 - S^ 0 ^ bar damagh khwurdan, To
render peevish, impatient.

bar~dam?dan, To shoot forth, to
grow ; to breathe ; to be angry.

Oty birdan, Velocity; a swift horse.

ety burdan (S. bhri), To carry, bear,
bring, lead, conduct, transfer, transport;
to take, assume, carry off, draw, remove,
abstract, take away ; to take to wife, to
marry (m.c.) ; to gain at play ; to throw
away, lose, lower (dignity) ; to go, run, fly ;
to obey, execute; — az dostan burdan, To
separate from friends ; — i'tiqdd burdan, To
believe ; — bat burdan, To bring or lead
back (see also under jW) ; — hasad burdan,
To bear malice, to envy ; — hamla burdan,
To make an attack, assault, insult ; — k_h_udd
burd, Whither does God conduct you? —
dar pandhi kase burdan, To flee for refuge
to anyone ; — rdmieh burdan, To enjoy, to
rejoice at ; — rozgdr burdan, To live or asso-
ciate ; to waste time ; — shakk burdan, To
doubt ; — farman burdan, To obey com-
mands, execute orders ; — Mr az pesh burdan,
To advance an affair, to succeed (m.c).

yjjj 0U<> bar dumba danddn zadan,

To wish to commit sodomy or pederasty.
bardang, A hillock in a desert.

tj-ijt burdani, Something to carry away
(as a present).

barda, Expectation, hope.

a |»ljj jt bar dawdm, Always, continually ; —
bar dawdm. bad, May it endure for ever !

o t5*V* f har-dawaml, Perpetuity, dura-
tion.

s t)V/ bardwdn (S, varddhanmna), A
district and city in Bengal.

>*~»y>ji bar -dost, Fruit-cherisher, " friend
of one's own fruit."

jt bar dosh, On the shoulders; —
khirqa bar dosh, Clad in shreds and patches ;
a religious mendicant.

a CyiJjj birdun, A gelding.

barda, A captive, prisoner of war; a
slave, servant; (barda burdan, To make
prisoner, to take captive ;) — burda, Borne,
carried away ; — burda shudan, To be carried
off.

Jj barda-dil, Whose heart is enslaved,
violently in love.

jiUjji barda-farosh, A slave-dealer.
bardl, A masquerade ; mirth, jollity,
festivity ; a vase of polished marble ;
— burdi, Thou barest.

a tjJy bardl, The papyrus ; — burdi, An
excellent sort of date.

■ijt burd yd/tan, To win at play, to

gain.

yjjjj? bardidan, To retire, withdraw, re-
treat.

yjo^o sajo ^ bar dlda dawidan. To wax
hot in reproach, expostulation, or discussion ;
to offer impudence ; to be saucy,
o (j»yiji«> jt bardirlus. The lark.
a <-A> Jj) ba-radif, Riding or driving in the
suite ; in a row or towb (m.c.) ; — ba-radif
chida budan, To be ranged, to be set up in
rows (m.c).

bardiq, Ignorant, uninformed.
tfiOjj bardin, Dregs, filth, refuse ; rust.
a Myiy birzaun, A horse or beast of bur-
den, dull and sluggish; a pack-horse.

a i^i^y barzln, A drinking vessel of palm-
fibre.

islj jt bar rah, An ornament ; decorated
(comp. t\jt and

a. % bararai (pi. of bdrr), Just, pious
(men).

bar-rastan, To arise.
<u-j ji bar-rusta, A stalkless plant;
clownish.

yj^j ^ bar-rasldan, To arrive ; to inves-
tigate, to obtain information.

jt bar-raftan, To precede.
^ y bar riiy, Upon the face ; upon ; —
bar ruyi ah dmadan, To be evident ; — bar
ruyi daryd pul bastan, To attempt an im-
possibility ; to accomplish an extraordinary
feat ; — bar ruy dawidan, To speak fluently.

^lsi\ f. bar-riiy-u/tddagi, A falling
flat on the face, proneness.

»j j> bar rah, Adorned ; ornament.
a f bar riq (on spittle), Fasting ;
ignorant.

ft barz, A sown field ; seed ; agriculture ;
— bans, hurt (Z. berez), Stature, height, tall-
ness, elegance of shape ; tall ; a trowel ; per-
fect, complete ; the trunk of a tree ;— bun,
Youthfulness ; greatness ; name of a vil-
lage near Merw.

a ft ban, Respectable, intelligent ; absti-
nent, temperate, honourable.

Sjjt burzaj, The roaring of a, lion.
a Cy» barzakji, An interval, partition, bar ;
the interval of time, according to the
Qur'an, between the death of a man and
the resurrection; connecting link; a pic-
ture of the imagination, a whim, fancy;
one in love with a woman.

yjj jl bar-zadan, To strike up ; to raise,
elevate ; to level or equal ; to count or play
with the fingers; to collect; to separate;
to cast anchor ;—bdng bar zadan, To make
a noise, raise the voice ; — daman bar xadan,

» (

To tuck up the skirt, to prepare for busi-
ness.

SJ J jt bar-zada, Raised, shot forth.

barazgha (prob. for A. A
saddle or pannel-cloth.

^jy} barzaqi, Examination, penetration.

d)jt barzak, The seed of lint or hemp.

J^jf barz-kdr, A farmer.

^)yt barzgar, A farmer, a ploughman.
barzgari, Agriculture.

ptf bantam, A wink, nod, amorous glance ;
name of a fortress near the Jihiin or Oxus.

t>^*} f bar zarndn, Formerly, sometimes.

yrfj }i barzamln, Upon or to the ground ;
— bar zamin zadan, To set (the sun) ; — bar
zamln uftddan, To be made light of, despised,
unheeded (speech),

yjy barzan, A mansion, dwelling; a
street, especially a long one; the top or
extreme part of a street, the corner of a
square or court; a pJain, desert; imp. of
bar-zadan ; — birzan, An earthen pan for
baking bread.

W^fr barzandan, To sow ; to agree, tally.

tyy» barzun, A Turkish horse.

^>_jy» burziiyald, Name of a champion in
Afrasiab'B army.

8y» barza, Seed ; Bowing, agriculture ; a
branch ; a stuff made of silk and thread ;
— burza, A sort of gum-arabic tree.

barsa.barz, A sown field, a seed-
plot ; cloth or a garment made of silk and
wool.

j\i tjji barza-kdr, A farmer.
j& *)jt barza-gdv, An ox used in agricul-
ture.

jftyj barzagar, A sower, a farmer.
barzl, A husbandman,

fcj-Vj/ barzldan, To sow ; to quadrate,
agree, to correspond with ; to persevere ;
to be habitually engaged in ; — barazidan,
To dress becomingly.

(34y» barzlq, A rude, unpolished clown.

/ktf barzigar, An agriculturist, farmer.

<£J ~)J* barzigarl, Husbandry, agriculture.

(jiyf barztn, Fire; name of one of the
chief prieBts of the religion of Zardusht,
-»ho built a fire-temple which he called
azari barzln ; name of an ancient cham-
pion of Iran ; a plain, a desert ; a street or
garter of a city.

y^yi' barzin kurus, Name of a wise
man or prieBt of the fire- worshippers.

a *>j^ barziya, A powerful stronghold on
a high mountain adjacent to Syria.

5^ barzh, Perfect, complete, entire ; high,
sublime; power; full splendour; a whirl-
pool.

ban, A bridle, a halter ; a kind of
wooden forceps put upon the nose of an
unruly horse when shoeing ; a similar bit
>f wood, through which the camel's bridle
uns ; a spur; — birs, Cotton; — burs, Fruit
f the mountain cypress; juniper- berries.

174 )

a (j*jt bars (v.n.), Persisting in one's in-
tention ; — birs, A sort of coarse cotton.

H uiA-y barsdt, The rainy season (in
India).

yja-U ji bar-sdkhtan, To instruct, to
render accomplished.

r>^-» y bar-tarn, A pain in the breast, an
oppression, wind, or swelling in the sto-
mach ; pleurisy.

barsdn, birsdn, Syrup dark-coloured
and of a fragrant smell; people of the
same religion, co-religionists ; — bursdn, A
dragon.

y^-iUjj bursdnidan, = t)^*-y q.v.
a J«— f bar sabil, In the way of, by way
of.

bi-rasad, May it come to pass.
y yi bar sar, On or at the head, end, or
point ; these two wordB are much used in
composition, as in the foUowing examples:
— bar sar dmadan, To conquer, to be at the
head ; to augment, to amplify ; — bar sari
an in nihddan, To give up or renounce one
thing for another ; — bar sar dwardan, To
bring to the point, to discover ; — bar sar
burdan, To bring to an end, to terminate ;
— bar saripd dmadan (dwardan), To become
(make) public ; — bar saripd istddan (nishas-
tan), To be ready or prepared ; to be on the
point of doing anything (as a woman of
giving birth) ; — bar sari pa budan, To
stand on the point of the foot ; to stand
upright ; — bar sari takht kaehldan, To seat
on the throne ; — bar sari tir dmadan, to
come within shot (game) ; — bar sari chashm,
On the point of the eye ; most willingly ;
— bar sari harf dmadan, To get a hearing,
to have one's say ; — bar sari liarj budan, To
keep one's word ; to stick to what one has
said ; — bar sari hisdb dmadan, To corae
to the end of the account ; to be recon-
ciled, satisfied, contented ; — bar sari khabak
dmad shab, Night is nearly over;— bar sari
khwud (khwesh), Self-willed, headstrong ;—
bar gar rasidan, Upon the point of arriving ;
— bar sari sukhun raftan, To go to the head
of the discou2-se ; to explain ; — bar sari sang
nishdndan {nishastan) , To render (become)
contemptible ; — bar sar zadan, To fasten on
the head (as a flower) ; to lose one's senses ;
to be deep in thought ; — bar sari qadam
budan, To be in the privy ; — bar sari kdr,
On the point of business ; when there is
occasion.

y~ j» bar-sar-afgandani, A coif or
veil for throwing over the head.

u-y burs-gkuncha, Juniper-berries.
(jjjj~C bar-siklzidan, To leap.
a ff. ba-rasm, By way of.

barsam, Rods of a span long useJ
by the fire-worshippers in their ceremonies ;
according to others, a book held in hand by
them on that occasion, which meaning, how-

( 175 )

ever, seems to rest upon the misreading
<_3>^ for .

harsam-chln, The knife for cutting
the rods barsam.

harsamddn, The case for hold-
ing the rods barsam.

birswi, Cotton ; — bursan, A ring of
wood, or of hair, passed through a camel's
aose, to which the bridle is fastened ; a
nose-jewel, worn by ladies in the East ; a
bride ; a yoke. (Both words are perhaps
misreadings for .)

^—f. barsang, A counterpoise, equili-
brium, anything hung at one side to
counterbalance the load upon the other.

y bar-s-u, The top, the head ; — bar-suyi
ran, The hip-hone ; — bar-suyi gosh, The top
of the ear.

^fji barsula, A lozenge composed of
uuts, mace, and other hot spices.

barsl, Wearisomeness, irksomeness.
yW~y barsiydn, (jjls^U-y harsiydwishdn,
Shepherd's crook ; maiden-hair (herbs).

harsiydnd, Name of a plant whose
seed resembles parsley.

yW-yj barsiydn daru, The herb
Bhepherd's staff.

5 W- }i bar-siydh, Brown, tawny; black
bile.

y*~<y< burasidan, To be ended, com-
pleted ; to be annihilated, erased, abolished,
consumed (should probably be read ba-
rasidan) .
y*-;? barsln, Clover.

barslna, Name of a plant, the seed
of which is good for the itch,

uty harsh, Desire ; — birsh, harish, A
halter ; — bar-ash, Upon him ; his breast ; —
harish, A pair of compasses ; the shingles ;
— burish, A chip, shaving; a cutting off,
scission ; — burushi did kardan, To turn
away the eyes.
a J*j> barash, A white speck on the nail,
y^i c^i ji bar shdMki dhuwdn (on the
horns of antelopes), Impossible to attain.

lAj^j* barshdwaah, The Dragon's Head
(constellation in the sign Taurus).
*y birishi, Imp. of birishian.

^ — u b ^ — i j> bar sha-sti pd nishastan,
To be about to copulate.

y*«~i» y> bar shutur nishastan (to sit
upon a camel), To get abroad (a secret).

y^jj birishian, To fry, roast, bake.

birishta, Pried, roasted, baked ;
(met.) desirable, pleasing; — gili birishta,
Baked clay.

&> iUAy birishta-tah, That of which the
bottom oriuside is pleasing (as a wine-cup).

t^sy barshajd, y^s^y barshajdn, and —

Ui*)! harshakhd, yUJ-^ barshakhdn, Name
of a place between Iran and Turan.

yw. y bar-shudan, To ascend, to be supe-
rior ; to be collected.

isJa^ barshak, A. wine or oil press ; a belt.

h J^*y barshakdl, The rainy season.
i$z*Sj>> ^ har-shikastan, To shuu, quit,
retire.

y»>j*fc $ bar-shumurdan, To sum up,
count.

yAjj harshan, Ivy.

y^*>/ harshundn, People of the same
religion.

f>yi>}t harshiim, A kind of dried date.

l _jv 4 '^ barshahi, Down growing on a bird's
wiug ; a wing.

yW*^» harshiydn'ddru, The herb shep-
herd's staff.

y^W U^j y j* 4 * j* bar sheri nar zin nihddan
(to saddle the male lion), To be very
valiant and daring ; to bell the cat.

y*~~U jt har sher nishastan, To hide.

a *j>ji haras (v.n.), Being leprous ;
leprosy, especially the malignant white
species.

Cjoly jt bar sahrd nihddan, To dis-
close.

a Soj tj>jt haras-mda, Afflicted with le-
prosy.

a Ujj-j} barslsd, Name of a great devotee
finally misled by the Devil.

a barz (v.n.), Giving little ; little, a
few.

u-iy hartds, = sj-^ q.v.

y^V vi^ ^ &ar f*? nihddan, To exalt,
promote ; to quit ; to forget.

a hartdniqi, The herb betony.

Ji^i bartdyil, Name of a fabulous island
in India, pictured as a most enchauting
place; loud noises are said to issue from a
certain tree there, and from a mountain
therein the melodious sounds of musical
instruments are heard in the night-time.

a (jjs f. har tabaq, According to, on the
ground, by reason of.

a bar taraf, Aside, apart ; on one

side, out of the question ;— bar taraf budan
(shudari), To be set aside, or delayed till
another time ; to be finished, concluded ; —
har taraf kardan, To set aside, dismiss, dis-
charge, cashier ; — bar taraf nihddan. To
set apart, remove, displace, throw away,
reject ; to preserve, lay by ; to terminate,
conclude ; — latifa har taraf, Let joking
cease ! raillery apart !

a ji bar-tarafi, Dismissal, discharge.

a iiStjt bartala, bartula, A cap worn under
the turban.

a yjiwJt^ bartlsqun, Red clay.

a {JSc jt har 'aks, Inversely ; on the con-
trary ; in opposition to ; in spite of.

tjt bargh, baricfh, baragk, A dam, dyke,
mound, bank, weir, or any kind of water-
inclosure ; small aquatic animals.

bargh-db. A dam; a place where
water stagnates.

yx-SUy barghdlldan, To excite ; to throw ;
to pluck up.

( 176 )

<3S

a ba-rughbat. With intense desire ;

ardently, eagerly, fervently ; cheerfully.

**■ — fc y bargiagt, A certain wild pot-herb
resembling spinage, and growing on the
banks of rivers ; a yellow flowering shrub
with which they feed cattle a.ud asses-,
water-moss ; a catml cut for the purpose of
irrigation.

barghast-wd, oup made from bar-

ff&ast.

yxyitj} barg&aldnldan, To excite, ani-
mate.

w Ui^ barghamdn, A large serpent.

^Aiijj bartjhanddn, Festivities during
the last ten days of Sha'ban ; name of the
last day of this month ; a carnival.

j^jH burgoo, A musical horn ; — burgho
zadan (kaghldari). To blow this horn.

a ^jty bargfaus, A flea.

a ^jt)t barg&usi. Flea-wort.

Jj*^ barg&fil, A kind of sweetmeat ; —
burg&ol, bargAol, Wheat, barley, corn (espe-
cially bruised) ; also a dish made of grain.
bargh.a, Speechless, dumbfounded.
barf, Snow ; — barf barldan, To snow.
^jt barf-db, Snow-water, water as
cold as snow ; spittle ; — barf-db dddan, To
damp the spirits, " to throw a wet blanket
over."

barf an, Lamb's fleece ; a leathern

vest.

gabiji barfakhi, The night-mare, the in-
cubus.

t^-iij) barfddn, An ice-house; the gullet.
y>y barfar, Dignity, rank, power,
yj-ity /. bar-far dkhidan, To stand on
end.

sjiijlji o bar-fardzanda, One who exalts.
a (jjy £Vy bar fardgh kardan, To finish,
•lyi y bar farod, Above and below ; an
arched building.

f. bar-faroshdn. People of one

nation.

Sjiy barfara, Dignity, rank, power.
y>> barf-ret, Shedding snow.
^jj i_>y barf-zadl. Injury caused by
snow.

Q^i'L&i jt bar-Jlshandani dast, To
dance ; dancing.

yjui^. ySi jj bar fuldn chakidan, To fall
upon one ; to suspect ; to be fixed ot firm
on one.

otJUijf barfndk, Snowy ; covered with
snow.

giij» barfanj, Rough, difficult, arduous
(road or business) ; anything new, uncom-
mon, recently happened ; first-fruits.

uA^Uy barfanjak, Nightmare ; intoxica-
ting.

jlJjI barf and, Fraud, deceit, treachery ; a
foolish Bpeech ; an agreeable speech ; any
deep place or thing ; a valley, a ditch ; a
zone, a belt ; an arched building ; an army.

j\joiy barfanddr, A commentator, a lec-

turer; a wise man, who solves difficulties
in religion, law, or the abstract sciences ; a
master of any art or profession ; a musi-
cian, singer.

barfanda, A clothes-chest or press ;
a fruit-pannier.

)jij> barfoz, <j->jty barfos, The parts round
the mouth.

t^j) barfi, Snowy, icy ; a kind of sweet-
meat.

° jsty barjir, Purple ; the purple shell-
fish.

a jjt barq (v.n.), Glittering, flashing ;
lightening, electricity ; rising (of a star) ;
adorning herself (woman) ; — barqi khdtif,
A thunderbolt ; — barqi kjiullab, Flashing
clouds without rain (a proverb applied to
those who brag much) ; — barq zadan, To
lighten, to flash like lightening (m.c.) ; —
barq shudan, To go swiftly ; — barq kardan,
To lighten, to flash barqi lashkar, The
sword; — barqi yamarii, A sword with a
Taman blade.

a a^cVi jf bar qd'ida, According to rule.

a barqdn, A lamb- skin.

^Ji\ jy barq-anddz, A matchlock-man ; a
musketeer ; a guard ; a constable ; a bailiff.

a tSj^Jjl barq-anddzi, The office of a
barq-anddz.

a *s£iA^ jj» barq-dhang, Flashing light-
nings.

a &>ji barqat, Barca in Africa; amaze-
ment,

j^ji jj bar qardr, Firm, solid, fixed, estab-
lished ; continuing as heretofore ; existing;
extant ; — bar qardr thudan, To be estab-
lished ; — bar qardr kardan, To establish,
confirm, ratify.

a (ji-iy birqieh, A small bird called shur-
hur

a (_r>Sy barqigh, Variegation, diversity of
colours.

a g*y birqi', burqu', The asventh (ac-
cording to others the first) heaven ; —
burqu', burqa', A lady's veil, through which
only the eyes are seen ; — burqa'i kuMi,
Night ; — burqa' -kuskd'i kar mushkil, Un-
veiling and resolving every difficulty.

a j^JJl £*y burqa'-anddss, Who casts a veil
over.

a Ji>jt jfy burqa'-poth, A woman veiled
in a burqa'.

v&ijt barqak, Talc ; gilt paper.

yljuiy barqanddn, o^***^ barqaddn, A
carnival or time of festivity, before the
commencement of the month of fasting.

a j\) jy barq-wdr, Like lightning.

sJjiy barquq, A yellow plum ; an apricot.

*y>j» barquh, Name of a city.

Hjt barqa (see A. &y), A village belong-
ing to Qum ; amazement ; — zu 'l-barqa, A
nickname given to 'Ali by 'Abbas at the
battle of Hunain (this statement of the
Muntakhab is probably an error based upon

an incident, the relation of which may be
found in Sir W. Muii's " Life of Mahomet,"
2nd ed. p. 430 ; if so, the word should read
zn 'l-baqara, in allusion to the second Surah
of the Qoran).

a ijJ^ bargi, Pertaining or relating to
lightning ; electric.

dfl barak, A garment made of camel's
hair ; a short vest ; the star Canopus ;
name of a river and of a country.

jji^jf barkdpoz, LTji^y barkapos, )}*^y>
barkdfoz, y*^^ barkdfoe, The parts round
the mouth.

a barakat (pi. of barakat), Bless-

ings ; abundance, prosperity ; — ■ mahsuli
'amimu 'l-barakdt, A plentiful harvest.

u^-H j^jl bar kar bastan fcase-ra, To
tie one to a task, to impose it upon him.

BjijU j\i j bar kdr-ddranda, A practi-
tioner.

;V* >^ ]* bar kar swwdr budan, To
carry out a task diligently.

Q±>)4ji bar-kdrldan, To cut a slice (of a
melon) ; to cut out the collar of a coat or
a shift.

(i^sA^y bar-kd.shtan, To sow.

&*tj6)i bar-kdwidan, To cut out a piece (of
cloth or melon) ; to slit a garment ; to dig.

A iij) barakat, A blessing; abundance,
prosperity ; — birkat, A large reservoir of
water, lake, pond ; — burkat, burka, A white
aquatic bird, a species of white duck.

bar-kardan, To commit to memory,
to learn by heart ; to kindle (a fire) ; to
uproot.

y*»Ui ; » bar kursi nishdndan, To

bring an affair to a happy termination ; to
set a person's mind at rest (to place him
on velvet).

cjAr*^ j> bar-kashidan, To draw up ; to
extract, draw, lead, or bring out ; to
wrinkle, Bhrivel; to exalt oneself, to be
overbearing.

barkam, A prohibition, refusal ; an
impediment, delay ; a restrainer, hindei er.

a bar kamdl, In perfection ; com-

plete.

^ j> bar kan&r, On one side, free, clear
of.

barkanj, A kind of sweetmeat.
barkand, A bribe to a judge; a
plucking up ; an owl ; a robust, Btrong man.

li^}) bar-kandan,*2o dig up, extirpate.

8.ufy bar-kanda, Dug up ; — bar-kanda
dmadan, To be extirpated.

tefjt barkcma, birkana, An electuary made
from gold and silver dust ; anything beaten
and mixed together (especially perfumes).

ify burkuh, Name of a city in Persian
Iraq (see

aUjSy barkiihdn, Melody of voice ; har-
mony of instruments; the voice of a
parrot. |

*fy birka (see A. &j»), A reservoir of i

177 )

water, a pond, pool, ditch ; — birka' iardshlr.
Name of a city so called from a large
reservoir built by one of the ancient kings
of Persia ; — birka' i Idjaward, The sky.

^zff. barakJ, A species of high-crowned
cap made of felt ; a kind of rollers which
the poorer people wrap round their head ;
| a company or sect of men.

g^sf)? barkinaj, A sweetmeat.
1 i^iS^ barkina, An exhilarating electuary.
I >^Syt barq, The leaf of a tree, a blade of
I grass ; an instrument ; arms ; intention,
I ;iim, design, end ; power, strength ; intel-
lect; a musical instrument; provision for
soldiers, travellers, or guests ; wealth ; a
] workshop ; the dress of Qalandars (a kind
! of monk); collectedness ; care, solicitude;

— bargi tambiil, Betel-leaf; — bargi chashm
! (the leaf of the eye), The eye-lid ; — bargi
1 sabz (mbzak, tar), A green leaf (the gift
of a poor man) ; — bargi h'tzariini, Wild
; aniseed ; — bargi-kdh, A stalk, a straw.
! (j-* 4 *^ J* bar-gdshtan, To turn ; to avert
! the face.

bargdn, Name of a village near

Shiraz.

y-tfUJ j> bar gdv nishdndan, To divulge
one's disgrace.

uty barg-bld (bed), A willow-leaf; a
kind of spear, the head of which resembles
the leaf of a willow.

)\^jt barg-ddr, Leafy, bearing leaves ; —
barg-ddr sdJMan, To cover with leaves ; —
barg-ddr shudan,fo be in full leaf (trees).
j<,j$ bar-guzdr, A present, a gift.
/f, bargar, Fortune, good luck.
t)« i a»^ ji bar-gard'ldan, To bo modest; to
feel.

y> bar gird, About; — bar girdi nulh,
About the moon.

j> bar-garddnidagt , Transporta-
tion, transposition, change, inversion.

<d**>\^]S j) bar-garddnidart, To reverse, in-
vert.

^■ijioyTj} bar-gardidagi. Inversion, change;
removal, departure.

U J * J ^ J* har-gardidan, To be turned, in-
verted ; to recede.

i jjOj? ^ bar-gardida, Turned ; tumbled
over.

ki-*=. )) bar-gardida-bafekt, Unlucky,
unfortunate.

jcj} sjijjj? j> bar-gardlda~boy, Stinking,
smelling offensively,

y^jj vsSj barg-razdn, ' <j\y>,j q.v.
ttfjyt j> bar-qiriftan, To take, accept,
seize, carry off ; to lift or pick up ; to
bear ; to cause to put on ; to drive away ;
to erase.

j>j <£Sj) barg-rez, o\>2) <iSjt barg-rezdn, <sSfi
barg-rezi, The fall of the leaf, autumn,
November ; the autumn of mortality, the
decline of life.

gV&iji'j} bar-guzidagdn, The elect.

^>> (

o^/j* bar-guzldagl, Choiceness; choice.
0 M ~y j* bar-guzldan. To prefer, choose,
select.

t-H^ yi bar-guzida, Chosen ; — bar-guzida'i
'alam, The most select of men.

<£l£ bar-guzln, Chosen, select.

{j^Sji bargas, bargast, Mercy upon

us ! heaven forbid !

yU_i"y bar-gustdn, jt bar-gustuwCxn,

Horse-armour worn in battle.

^yiwJy barguetuwdn-war, An armour-
clad horse ; one riding on such,

& — Sji bargasa, Hidden, concealed.

c^iiy bargusht, bargasld, A plant grow-
ing like dishevelled hair.

^fcu-S j> bar-gashtagi, Change ; inversion ;
apostacy, recession.

j, bar-gashtan, To turn ; to recede,
retire, return ; to apostatise.

te^S j bar-gaehta, Turned ; topsy-turvy ;
broken ; afflicted ; murdered ; dead ; — bar-
gasMa-akhtar. Unfortunate ; — bar-gashta-
aiydm, Whose days have taken an unhappy
turn ; — bar-gashta-h&l, Most afflicted; — bar-
gashia-daulat, Whose fortune has been re-
versed ; — bar-gushta-rozgdr , Unfortunate in
the world, desperate, abandoned ; — bar-
gashta-sar, Whose h^ad is turned with be-
wilderment, upset, giddy ;—bar-gaikta~tuli%
Unfortunate.

t> bar-gasha, Covered, concealed.

i\S efji barg-gdh (place of leaf), A shoot,
stalk.

j» bar-gnmdshtagl, Power, dele-
gated authority ; delegation, appointment
to any post.

!j^b>US j> bar-gummhtan, To put in autho-
rity, to appoint, to instal, to delegate.

tJ&US f. bar-gumdehta, Delegated.

J~> iiSfi barg-nll, Indigo, woad.

_jb } ii<5> barg-u-bdr, Leaves and fruit;
wealth.

jU. } vi^j barg-u-udz, \y ^ <°$f. barg-u-nawd,
MeanB of subsistence ; riches.

V^f* J*>^ y. bar gosh Jchwurdan, To reach
the ear; to grate on the ear (a speech).

ciJjS^j barguk, A structure, an edifice.

^iji baragi, A kind of high-crowned cap.

u^iji barldx, A brave man of noble stock.

^A^i s-Jy bar Jab nihddan., To quaff, to
sip.

c^-iSji barlant, <jW)_tf brilydn, Brilliant ; —
brilydn kardan, To make into a brilliant
(mm.ee).

^jj .jfcl f. bar lang zadan, To flee ; — bar
ling zadan, To castrate.

barm, A committing to memory ; ex-
pectation ; a reservoir for rain-water ;
name of a water-bird ; — bar am, A trellis ;
a two- pronged fork.

a («;» bararn (v.n.), Being wearied and
disgusted ; vexation, fatigue, languor, dis-
gust; one who refuses to go partner in a
game; fruit of the dwarf-thorn 'izdh.

78 ) fjJ

barmds, The touch ; a rubbing with
the hand ; the sense of feeling ; imp. of the
following.

O^i-^t barmdsldan, To feel, touch ; to
rub one limb against another ; to inquire,
1 examine.

jt bar-mtil, Running away ; the peak
of a mountain ; the breast ; — bar-mdl
zadan, bar-rndl kardart, To run away.

yjjU ji bar-mdlidan, To fold, to twist ;
to tuck up the sleeves, the trousers, &c. ; to
run away.
^)^*J I barm-award, = q.v.

barmdh, ifct-ji barmaha, An auger,
gimlet, wimble ; a surgeon's trepan.

(jjjai.W! odi* sU jt bar mdh mushk an-
j ddkhtan (to throw rausk on the moon's
face), To have a mole on the cheek.

ejjiW birmdyun, The famous cow be-
longing to King Faridiin of Persia; a kind
of silk,

4*^7} birmdya, barmdya, Faridun's cow.

a burmat, A large cauldron or kettle
hollowed out of stone.
\ }i bar-majidan, To creep, to crawl ;

1 to snatch, to drag.

! bar-iuach, Touch ; a stroking with

| the baud.

ij-Vs^*;? bar-machidan, To handle, touch,
try, feel, examine by the hand ; to rub ; to
creep ; to drag.

a. Jay ji bar mahal, In place ; fitting, fit,
suitable; opportune, seasonable; in time,
in the nick of time.

j>, bar-makh, Opposition, refractoriness,
self-will ; imp. of the following.

t)A*sSf* y bar-makhldan, To be disobe-
dient.

*«*sat-j? bar-makhtda, Refractory, disobe-
dient, self-willed; undutiful.

yf. barmar, Desire ; hope ; expectation ;
(S. bhramara) a bee.

a )* bar-murdd, According to (oue's)
wishes.

a jj bar mnCij guftan, To speak to

the listener's taste.

jt bar tnmhg&n daividan, To

; come iu sight.

i a (j^-S" JJU~» ^ bar masd'il gashtan, To be
well versed in learned questions, to be a
diligent reader.

0' V > " »^jt bar-mastdan, To handle, try, fee),
j a f. bar mashdtn, Peevish ; — bar

masht'tm afgandan (zadan), To render ill-
tempered or impatient.

(j A g*..* j» bar-mashzdan, To creep ; to
snatch.

jl** j> bar-maghdz, SjU- ^ bar-magkdza-,
A present over and above his hire given by
a master to his boy.

a liit^ji bar muqtazd, According to ; — bar
mugtaztl'i sulh, Agreeable to the (treaty of)
peace.

barmak, Surname of Ja'far, the

(V* ( 1

founder of a noble family, originally from
Balfch in Khurasan, and highly celebrated
all over the East for their generosity, mag-
nificence, and distinguished patronage of
meu of genius ; name of a place and of a
country.

ls^*j* barmakl. Of the family of Barma-
cides ; a hero, n noble, liberal man.

barmakiya, The aloe dressed with
sugar and sauce.

ft>^";» baramgdn, The hair of the pubes.

a 1* f bar mala. Openly, in the sight of
nil ; — bar maid uftadan, To become public.

<^)) x * J"j> barmal madrawl (?), Name
of a village where Sabuktagin died.

yjt barmu. Expectation, hope, desire.

barmuta, Anything, a thing in

general.

a jt bar mujib, According to ; — bar

mujibi 'adat, According to custom.

t^fj} barmiida, Anything, a thing in
general.

barmur, jyf barmuz, Desire, wish ;
provender ; a bee.

birmoza, The son of Sawab Shah.
a &}* ' f bar mauqa' (= J*" jt bar mahal,
q.v.), In place, &c.

bar mun (poet, for U ^ bar ma), On

UB.

barma, A gimlet, a wimble, an auger;
— burma, A cauldron, a kettle (see

a. J*-j* barmil, A tun, a butt, a hogs-
head.

barmiyu, The strangury, heat of

urine.

dji barn, Name of a star ; any place above
which something is extended ; a broad
vessel ; a drinking-cup of earth or metal ; a
bundle of rods wattled together ; a harrow
for breaking clods ; a grate of brass or
wood ; the new moon ; — baran, Name of a
city in India.

barnd, burnd (Pars, apurndi), A youth ;
young ; good ; elegant., handsome ; the dye-
ing shrub hinna.

yi.U jj lar nakhun idddan, To
stand on tip-toe ; to stand with a respectful
bearing; to obey promptly.

J>>^* barnd-dil. Young of heart, unex-
perienced.

u*^}> barnde, Ignorant, unskilful; igno-
rance ; negligence.

a oL.Uy barndsd', Men.

J^jt barndq (probably mis-spelling for
the following), A young man, a youth.

vs!Uj} barndk, burnak, A young roan ;
young ; privet.

bar-nama, A model, an exemplar ;
an account-book ; title ; exordium of a book
or letter.

birndn, Name of a tree growing in.
Ajmir (in Hindustan) used for making
rosaries.
u^ijt birndna, A mud cottage.

79 )

4J*

barm'ih, burndh,

A young man;

youth;

cr"*-J^ harndyishtl. Alliance, protection,
support ; partiality ; strong attachment ; —
barndyishti kardan, To protect, guard, de-
fend.

J?^?. barnd' i, Youth, the season of youth.

)ft>j> barambur, A child's game.

g>j* baranj, A man nearly blind and thus
groping his way ; a most delicious species
of the date ; — biranj, A kind of medicine
which promotes a discharge of phlegm ;
[biranji kabvll, A medicinal s:ed imported
from Kabul ;] — birinj, Eire ; \birinji sard,
Ricedressed with turmeric; — birinjishamdla,
A kind of curry ;] — birinj, biranj, Copper.

a gJy birinj, biranj (for P. piring), Brass.

jW'f biriujdr (for birinj-mr), Eiee-
grounds.

<^ birinj-ari, One who follows a

camp with grain, a brinjarrie.

s-^—Mjj birinjdsb, cJt-W^y birinjdsf, 'S—W^J
birinjdsa, P'lngwort, motherwort; mugwort.

•^^-^ry baranj-mmhk, The musk of Eu-
rope, the tamarisk ; mountain-balm.

(prji baranj an, A metal ring worn by
females on their wrists or ankles ; any
female ornament ; a little pendulous,
fringed decoration of silk or wool, worn by
the Turkoman women, hanging to their
hair, by camels at their sides, and by
horses from their manes.

^/ i=rj> baranja kardan, To torment,
afflict,

tjfrji birinji, biranji, Made of brass,
brazen ; a small nail, tack.

y^p^ baranjin, = t^/t baranjan ; — birin-
jin, Brazen, made of copper.

■iijj bar and, Plain silk ; — bur and, barand,
A sharp sword ; tonsure.

•~j\jSj> baranddf, The intestines ; a stirrup-
leather, a strap.

j/jty barand- dwar, A glittering sword.

*J»^ barandak, A little hill ; a lock, bolt,
bar; dross of iron; a species of the myro-
balau.

ftfjiji Urandakdm, A medicine made of
camomile-flowers.

(j-Ujt burundan, To compress, to squeeze.
baranda, Operating, acting; a moth;
a carrier ; — buranda, Cutting, a sharp
sword; acid milk; — buranda'i gosht, A
butcher.

^y.jj^ birindlzi, Brindisi (m.c).

■fa birunz (?), Bronze (m.c. either for
birinj, or from Fr. bronze).

U-ijI barnas, Shears; — barnas, barnis,
^rif. barnwh, A pain in the bowels, cholic,
gripes.

x burnus, A kind of high-crowned
cap, worn by Christians.

yo^Ua ^ bar-niahdndan, To make sit ; to
seat; to set (a stone in a ring), fix (a head
on a spear).

( 180 ) 9ji

— ji bar-nishast, Riding; — sutiiribar-
nishast, A beast for riding ; a saddle-horse
or camel, a hack, a nag.

lO x ^ M jt bar^nishastan. To sit up or upon ;
to mount, to ride ; to propose, intend.

e>" " ,<iJ / bar-niehastanl, Fit for riding
(nag)-

Ai j} bar-nishasta, Mounted, sitting on.
barawjhar, The right wing of an

army.

barank, A bell ; a key ; a lock ; a
bolt ; root, origin ; assault, inroad ; silken
stuff.

barang, An allowance of provisions ;
a bell ; a key ; a bar, bolt ; — ba-rang, With
colour ; — biring, A kind of the myrobalaD ;
— burning, burang, Gain, acquisition ; hoard ;
name of the region where the southern
Polar star is visible.
^j) bamu, Brocade.

o-y^f barrios, An army j ako J*yy bar-
nosh, A general ; a soldier ; name of a
general.

e>y^ barnun, Brocade ; sewing-silk.

barna, Name of an Iranian champion.
O^W jt bar-nihddan, To place above ;
coire.

ijrt barnl, An earthen or glass vessel, in
which, they keep flowers, confections, medi-
cines, or sugar.

a barm, A delicious kind of date ;
— barani, Foreign, external.

bamiydn, A silken garment.

<S)*- barniyan-ikoy, Of a mild

temper.

v-e*;* birnis, burnis, An acorn; large
shears.
^r^jt burnesh, The eholic.

barniJc, Delicious fruit ; a kind of

date.

jj) ban, The planet J upiter ; — bar o,
Upon, on, above him, her, or it; — bars,
(for ofc«t),The eyebrow; — birau, birav, Go ;
— buru (for burut), Whiskers.

A barawdt (pi. of bar at), Diplomas,
patents, privileges ; — barawdti sharifa,
Royal diplomas.

bartvar, A summer-house.

Vlfl barwdra, A parlour ; an upper cham-
ber; a private way to a house.

barwdz, Rest, repose j a roost ; a
perch ; a nest.

»}W barwdza, A nuptial fire ; victuals
which people carry to eat in the fields or
gardens.

(j>W barwan, A stomacher, handkerchief ;
anything thrown over the shoulders ; a long
flowing robe ; a high cap.

a\tft barwdna, = q.v.

^s*W barwaniyd (G. Ppvmvla), A tree re-
sembling ivy, the fruit of which is used in
tanning, Bryonia alba.

gjU^ j)W j y bar u bdzu kushddan, To beg
with importunity ; to make fruitless efforts.

u"jy> burnt, Whiskers, moustaches, (met.)
pride, vanity (of a man; see bddi burut
under *>4) ; — burnt bar-tdftan, To twist the
moustache ; (met.) to oppose, to turn face
to face ; — buruti lease bar kandan, To de-
fame, to disgrace ; — buruti lease pamba nihd-
dan, To make sport of, to scoff at; — buruti
lease rekjktan, To conquer, to render help-
less and contemptible.

E,yf barwaj, Broach, a city in Guzerat.

a BjyJ buruj (pi. of burj), Towers, bas-
tions ; signs of the zodiac.
! a bar wajh, By way of, in the manner
I of; — bar wajhi ta'jil, In haste, quickly.

A ty» buruh (v.n. of cji), Turning the left
side to you when passing from right to left
(a deer, or any other species of game, es-
teemed unlucky by the Arabians).

^ barud, Bayrut, a city in Syria; —
burud (for burut), Whiskers, moustaches ; —
burwad, Uneven ground.

a Jtf barud, Cold, frigid ; anything that
cools or refreshes ; a colly rium or eye-wash ;
— burud (v.n. of ^j>), Sleeping, dying.

a &-> } j) buriidat (v.n. of J^), Being cold ;
coldness, lukewarmness.

ay*&\ burudat-angez, Exciting cold-

ness ; disgusting.

soUil ba-ru dar-uft&da, Fallen, pros-
trate.

«—*Jy» baro-dast, = a^j? q.v.

barwar, Fruitful, pregnant; lace,
fringe, edge; (in Zand and Pazand) a
brother.

baruz, A roost ; a fray ; — barwaz, barux,
A fringe, lace ; — buriiz, A bed, a couch ;
fringe ; — ba-roz, By day ; in the day ; — rot
ba-roz, Daily, from day to day, de die in
diem.

a buruz (v.n. of jj>), Going forth ;
being clear, made manifest, published ; —
buruz dddan, To make public, to tell (m.c).

(J—rf barusdn, <^*i^ baruskdn, A people,
nation, community.

^1*)^ burushak, Dust, earth.

A ^rf buruz (v.n. of j>ji), Coming out in a
small quantity (water from a well).

a £ )} > buril' (v.n. of fy), Excelling in
virtue, beauty, or wisdom.

& ar u food, Up and down ; ascent
and descent.

barufa, A towel ; a turban, a sash, a
waist-band.

a j }J i bur&q (v.n. of ^), Shining, glit-
tering, dazzling (of a sword) ; flashing (of
the heavens).

a jt bar waqt, In time ; at the time of ;
seasonably, opportunely.

a &rf barwaqa, A herb which produces
colic in sheep.

■jdrf baruk, A species of dwarf tree.

a d }) t buruk (v.n. of ^), Kneeling (of a
camel).

•xwy? baromand, Rich, fertile; wealthy,

>Ji ( 1«

prosperous, fortunate, happy ; satisfied ; |
powerful. !

K&^rf baromandi. Increase ; happiness. i

Vrf. birun, Without, out, abroad; not
having; for the sake of, on account of; j
[birun an, Besides ;~birun amadan, To come
out ; to rebel ;] — burfin, A ring ; a ring put, |
through a camel's nose ; — barrun (in Zand I
and Pazand), A ram leading the flock ; a 1
mountain goat.

barwanda, A basket ; a clothes- ';
bundle. !

y* i>>y> birunsard, Base money (not
coined at the mint).

<prf )*• Qrf. birun-ehav kardan, To do a
thing underhand, esp. to slander the ab- |
sent.

o*/};* burunos, burunosh, An army ;

a soldier ; name of a general.

tsj^ bar way (for ^ j>. bar o), Above,
upon, to him, her, or it.

>ji barra, bara, A lamb ; the sign Aries ; a
fawn ; a pruning-hook (for vines) ; the ex-
terior surface of a garment ; infirm, weak ;
[bara'i ab, A wave ; flood ; — bara'i du
mddari (a lamb sucking two ewes), Well
off, fortunate ; having two strings to one's
bow bara'i falak, The sign Aries; — bara
giriftan, To help the weak;] — ba-rah, On
the road ; provisions for a journey ; an
aqueduct; handsome, beautiful, decorated.

barhan, Joy, gladness (doubtful

word).

a burhdn, Demonstration, proof; —
burhani qdti', A convincing proof, name of
a celebrated Persian Dictionary ; — burhani
tnaeih, A demonstration equal to those ad-
duced by the Messiah, viz. healing the sick
or raising the dead.

h barhdn-pUr, A city in Kandesh

(India).

barhdnaj, A gUBset.
a §\j>\&j> burhdn-rdj, Convincing discourse.
a <j>^*j» burhani, Demonstrative ; de- '
cisive ; — dalili burhani, A convincing proof.

barra-band, Skilful, expert. \
a AAj> barhat, bur hat, A long space of
time.

t>*aa«>j» barhakhtan, barhikhian, To extract,
draw forth ; to educate, instruct, teach good
manners ; to wound.

barha'Ma, barhikjda, Instructed,

educated.

J*y barhal, Name of a fruit.

a LUy barhiliyd, Hay-seed ; the herb
fennel. i

f>»> ji bar-ham, Together ; collected, as- <
sembied ; confused, perplexed, embroiled, f
intricate, entangled ; confusion ; — bar-ham
khwurdan, To clash, collide, dash against
each other ; — bar-ham zadan, To shut close ;
to slam (a door or window) ; to mix, con-
fuse ; to embroil ; to interfere ; to prevent ;
to upset, overthrow, destroy ; — bar ham shu-

L )

dan, To be entangled, embroiled ; to be mul-
tiplied ; to be diversified ; — bar-ham nihd-
dan, To confuse, trouble, disturb.

fy**)t barahmaputar (S. brahmaputrd) ,
(Brahma's son), Name of a large river which
joins the Ganges near Dakka.

^Oyi bar-ham- Jchwurdagi, Commo-
tion.

I**)" 3 barham darham, Entangled,

confused, topsy-turvy.

O*^ fJiy 3, f** f bar-ham-dozi hardan, To
close up a seam (in a ship's plank).

O^y 4 - i**> yt bar-ham digar khyturdan.
To knock (as the knees) against each other,
to cut.

/** J* bar-ham-mdagl, Confusion,
broil ; commotion, agitation.

y**^ barhaman, barahman, >»J-**y barah-
mand, barhama, A Brahman.

* »■»■&> (** j> bar-ham-nishaata, Thick (dark-
ness).

e£*V barahnagi, Nakedness, nudity.

te*>f. barahna, Naked, bare ; unveiled ;
without, means of support ; a clear, serene
sky ; — barahna zadan harf, To speak out
plainly ; — barahna hardan, To unveil, make
naked, despoil, denude.

(v)lj$fc~.\ barahna-ustukhpdn. Raw-

boned.

(^) l> Aisy barahn-a-pd (pay), Barefoot;
— barahna-pd pa guz&shtan, To place the
foot upon (anything) while barefoot.

iAfcjj barahna-jau (jav) , Huskless barley,
(^jij AiAy barahna-ruy, Unveiled ; of an
open or serene countenance.

jm, djjbjt barahna-sar, Bare-headed ; a pil-
grim.

41*^) barahnasari, The being un-
covered, as* a pilgrim on his way to Mecca ;
prohibition, repulse, disappointment.
a ,»Jui iitj} barahna-qadam, Barefoot.
^ ij-A^ barahna-go, Who speaks the un-
veiled and unvarnished truth.

a uwjfiy barhut, A valley in Hazramaut
containing a well where the souls of the in-
fidels are said to be held captive.

barhod, Vain, foolish, absurd ;
slightly burned; singed.

yjyfcj barhodan, To burn, scorch, singe ;
to be discoloured by the heat of fire; to
wander, stray.

Qfbf! barhun, burhun, A halo round the
moon ; a collar ; a girdle ; a circle described
by compasses ; a wooden fence ; a thorny
hedge ; a cottage ; ornament, decoration; the
girth or belt-place ; the swell of a mountain.
ijbj> barhoh, barhuwa, Soap ; a catamite,
^aw*^ barhe&htan, To draw forth ; to
educate, teach.

barkiyun, = cy*/ q.v.
a <jsf. har V ( v - n - of tSJ*)' Onttiag;
making (a pen or arrow), shaping (the
nails) ; tiring, fatiguing, emaciating (tra-
velling) ; — bari', bart, Clear, quit, absolved,

( 182 )

innocent, guiltless ; irresponsible for ; in a

state of immunity ; exempt ; acquitted ;

ineffectual, not affecting ; — barPu 'z-

zimma, Free from a charge or obligation ;

justified; irresponsible; — barri, Sylvan,

rustic, wild.

baryash, Dispersion ; dispersed,
birydn, Roasted, broiled, grilled,

baked ; toasted ; — birydn kardan. To bake,

roast.

a W« u^j? birydn. muhtill'l, Tfoast meat,
bread, and onions.

a #j» bari'at, &tjt bariyat, A creature,
created being.

gijl barij, An account comprising the
amount and then the particulars ; name of
a tribe of Afghans.

i^nji barijan, A portable oven, furnace,
stove.

barid, A barid, veredus, courier,
messenger, running footman ; a measure of
two parasangs or twelve miles ; — ■ baridi
khwush-nawid, A messenger of good news ;
— baridi falah, The moon ; Saturn.

(j&*tjl buridagdn (pi. of burida), Cut ;
circumcised.

jjS'-Ntj* buridagi, A cut, fissure, incision ;
separation, division.

baridan, To send a messenger ; — bu-
ridan, burridan, To cut, sever ; also pass,
to be cut or severed ; to circumcise ; to cut
or desert (one's kindred) ; to run away
(vulg. m.c).

toijt barida, A narrow pass; a ferry,
ford ; — burlda, Cut ; clotted.
jajjI burida-dvm, Docked.

O^J s,i Jj* burida-zaban, Tongue-tied, mute,

\j*f> '-My burlda gosh, Crop-eared.
barira, A road, way.

u»* yyt birez-birez, Overcome, routed, put
to flight ; help ! mercy ! save us !

barezan, An oven ; — birezan, A sieve,
a strainer ; a frying-pan ; an oven made of
clay ; galbanum.

Sjijl birem, A kind of gum, benzoin;
metallic cement, solder; a liniment rubbed
on a wound.

jL^t bomsdl, Name of the governor or
prefect of Taman.

yU-.jy ba-rismdn, With a rope ; — ba-
rismdni kas dar chdh ma-rav, Descend not
into the well by another's rope (Risk not
your life at the instance of another).

(ji^j) birieh, Dispersion.

f**-ijt barishim (for abrishim), Silk.

£ p&t)) barishim-gar. Silk manufacturer.

j\y f*Mri banehim-nawdz, A performer on
a stringed instrument.

a ijyi-ijt barishawi, The eve of the sab-
bath, Easter, or any other festival, the pre-
paration.

fyt Uregh, A bunch of grapes.

a barim, A wreath, made in general
of white and red threads twisted together,

and often adorned with jewels, which the
women fasten about their waists or their
arms ; anything of two different colours ;
a tear mixed with antimony ; a crowd,
army.

i^j) barin (for bar in), On, or upon, this ;
(from bar with the adjectival termination in)
high, sublime, eminent (in situation, qua-
lity, or dignity) ; upper, higher, highest ;
superior, supreme ; perpetual, eternal ;
pleasant, agreeable ; excellence of any-
thing, the principal part ; the north-east
wind ; a uotch, fissure ; name of a fire-
temple ; [barin pddiehtih, A great king, the
greatest king; — barin dd'ita, The heavenly
sphere ; the terrestrial globe ; — barin tufra,
The extent of heaven or of the world ; —
barin farhang, The science of Divinity ; a
book ascribed to Tahmiiras (see yjjH*)
barin markaz, The earth ;] — birin, An open-
ing ; door of an oven ; fetid water ; a sink ;
— burin, A slice of a melon.

u^-ty} burinieh, A scissure ; a segment ; a
flux, diarrhoea.

a j'Wijt bar-in-qadar, Moreover, neverthe-
less.

i^rf bar in ki, To wit ; videlicet.

foijt birina, A hole ; mouth of a furnace.

cyij} baryiin, The parts round the mouth ;
(= yjij* q.v.) brocade; sewing-silk; —
bare/wan, biryaun,biryUn,.A ring- worm.

w baa, A bull's dewlap; high ground; a
hill ; summit of a mountaiu ; manner, cus-
tom, rule ; (for bazm) a feast ; (for A.
bazz) a habit, a rich dress ; fine linen ; — but,
A bee ; — buz, A she- goat, the goat species;
— buzi kohl, Wild goat, ibex (m.c).

a yt bazz (v.n.), Seizing, carrying away
forcibly ; fine linen ; a garment, clothing ;
arms, armour; furniture, household uten-
sils.

i&^j) bmdkhtan, To melt, liquefy ; to
clean.

ji j\y ba-zdd bar-dmada, An old
woman.

(joly basadi, A beryl, a sea-green stone.

yAjjty buzdridan, To melt, to liquefy.

)\yi bazdz, A shoe-latchet, a leathern
thong ; — buzdz, A carpenter or shoemaker's
wedge.

a )fy bazzdz, A dealer in cloths, a linen-
draper ; draper, mercer.

a bizdzat, bizdza, The drapery or fur-
niture business.

a bazzdzietdn, A market-place.

a tsjty bazzdzi, Business of a cloth-mer-
chant ; drapery, haberdashery.

a jty buzdq, Spittle ; a snail.

bazdn, Leaping; (for wazdn) blow-
ing ; wind.

&i\yt bazdna, Blowing (wind).

yjbJ^j} ba-zdydnidan, To assist a woman
in labour, to help to bring forth.

■fry bazbdx, The cover of nutmeg, mace ; —

( 183 )

J*

buz-bdz, A showman who makes a goat and
monkey dance together.

a bazbdz, An active lad ; a fast
walker ; the nozzle of a pair of bellows ;
the privities.

t^jS ijj* y buz-bdzi kardan, To Bhow off a
dancing goat.

buz-bacha; A kid,

buz-bahd, Of the value of a goat, i.e.
of little value; worthless.
ifXtfjt bazfunitan (in Zand), To give.
*"W)j baz-jdma, A rich dress.
buz-khld, A she-goat.
bazddgh, bizddgh, buzddgh, A polish-
ing or furbishing instrument.

yiei^j} bizddyldan, To furbish, remove
rust.

a i^jl bazdat. Name of a place.

buz-dil (goat-hearted), A coward.
fit bcwr, A flame, light, brightness.
a &a«r (v.n. of yj>), Beating; blowing
the nose ; throwing herbs into the pot to
season victuals; offspring; Bnivel; (for
ba.zr) seed.

V)j» bazrd (in Zand and Pazand), Seed,
grain.

A Ej)* buzurj (for P. tiSJjj buzurg), Great,
grand.

buzurj-mihr, Name of the prime
minister of Nosbirwan, King of Persia.
a &>U _jj> bazr-khdna, An oil-mill.
a bazr-qatuna, Fleawort ; its seed.

feaKarjv, Deep scrutiny ; perspicacity
(probably misreading for ^i;)} q.v,).
a <*!jj* bazrak, A small seed.
a $ )f bazr-kar, A farmer.

bazarg, Linseed ; — buzurg, Great,
large, immense ; powerful, grand, magni-
ficent ; adult, elder ; a saint ; name of a
note in music ; — buzurg shudan, To grow
up \— buzurg ddshtan, To honour, to revere,
magnify.

•>tyf nSjji buzurg-abdd, Name of the first
Persian prophet and author of the Dasatir
(see >>V^ <5-»).

±a~\ vsS'yjt buzurg-umed (great hope),
Name of a sage, tutor to Parvez, the son of
Noshirwan.

bmurgan (pi. of buzurg), Grandees,
nobles ; doctors, wise men, philosophers.

buzurgdna, Magnificent, grand ; be-
fitting the great ; magnificently ; — buznrg-
ana-dwaz, A loud voice ; in a high key.
buzurgtar, Greater, larger, bigger.
ijS ciJJy buzurg-tan, Corpulent, big-
bodied.

a its- bumrg-jussa, Of a large body,
bulky,

a jSjjj bazrgar, A farmer, ploughman,
sower.

o£*fy buzurg -zadagi. High birth.

buzurg-zdda, Of noble race, high-
horn.

usJJy buzurg-zdnu, Large-kneed.

J^J)* buzurg-sdl, Aged, stricken in
years.

^JL. i&fii buzurgsali, Greatness of age.
\s~>" >£%ji buzurg-maniek, Proud, haughty,
^^s-i- ihfit buzurg-manisM, Pride, dis-
dain.

;\$}» buzurgwdr, Great, excellent; power-
ful, magnificent ; noble, illustrious ; a
learned man, doctor, philosopher.

i^^&y* buzurgwdrl, Grandeur, greatness,
magnificence ; honour, glory ; highness,
uobility.

a tsS^f buzurg-himmat, High-minded.
buzurgl, Greatness ; — bueurgi kar-
dan, To affect greatness, to make oneself
appear great in the eyes of others.

l,i <-£))i buzurgi-dik, Bestower of greatness.

a )}J) t bazrwar, Employed ; full of seed.

a jtf bazaz, Arms, armour.

a 0\*~,yt bazietdn, A cloth-hall ; market-
place.

«si~>! buzisk, A lentil.

bizishk, A physician, a horse-
doctor.

(j^*>j bizishla, Physic, medical practice ; —
bizishkl numudan, To profess physic.

(♦Aji buzashm (from buz and washm for
pashm), Fine goat's hair growing at the root
of the long hair, and employed in the manu-
facture of shawls.

tyt bazak. A ditch wherein water stag-
nates ; water-lentils, or any herbage that
vegetates in water, amongst which the frogs
live ; — baaagh, A frog ; a dam, a weir.

<d^£)} buz-ghdla (pi. buzghdlagdn), A kid ;
a calf ; — buzgftdla'i falak, Aries.

i_s*!^)i buzghdlaghl, State of being a kid
or a calf.

& * " - ky t baxagh-eama, bazagh-sima, Water-
moss.

\J^)> buzgAush, Name of a saint.

bazgham, A thorny tree, the acacia.
bazaghama, bazaakma, — q.v.,
of which it is apparently a contraction.

e^j* buzgkunj, buzgkund, The pista-
chio-tree or nut.

bazgha, A support for a vine; —
buzgha, A kind of sickle-shaped hatchet ;
— bazagha, A kind of lizard.

Jty bazfal, Ji)? bazqal, A rose-worm.

•^iji bazfand, Idle, lazy, sluggish ; weak.

a J>t bazq (v.n.), Spitting.

j>> bazaq, A frog ; name of a herb.

a y buz-qadam, Nimble of foot ;
(ironically) slow of movement ; mean, weak;
powerless ; timid, cowardly.

•dy bazak, A scolopendra; — buzak, Name
of a black-coloured, long-beaked bird.

J>>jZf. buzgosh, Name of a place in Mazan-
daran.

*1S)5 buz-gala, A flock of goats.
<*sy£ $ buz-giri, Petty theft, thievishness,
rapacity.

a Jj» bazl (v.n.), Cleaving ; misfortune,

( 184 )

calamity ; tapping, broaching (a. barrel) ;
straining, purifying (wine) ; breaking off.

dp bazla (for A. &•*»), A jest, a bon-mot.

pyi bazm, A banquet, eutertainment, as-
sembly, convivial meeting ; society ; a
pavilion ; — bazmi sangin, A largely attended
banquet.

A fj) bazm (v.n.), Biting with the front
teeth; milking (a camel) with the fore-finger
and thumb; stealing (a garment).

Si>U y buz-mdda, A she-goat.

(<^V) V bazm-ard (drily), Adorning a
banquet or feast.

Wi)^ bavm-afzuii, Name of a lady.

(jw^i baeman, buzm an, Drunk; sorrowful;
desire, wish, will.

"*i>W baem-dward, Viands or sweet-
meats carried home from a feast ; a kind of
sandwich.

<jji^»j* bazmdywn, Name of Faridun's
cow.

tyi bazm-eaz, Preparing or prepared
for a feast.

bazm-ijtih, bazm-gah, A ban-

queting-house ; a jovial company ; name of
a book on the degrees of Sufism ; — baem-
gdhi bcrtwghsrt, Field of eloquence, place for
disputation, oratory, or conversation.

fn bazm-niekin, Who sits at a ban-
quet.

u y*fl bazmfma, The second day of the
month according to the era of Jalalu 'd-
din.

^yy> buz-moy (mii.y^, Goat's hair.

bazma, A nook of a banqueting -

house.

yfl bazn, A harrow ; a ploughshare ; —
bi-zan (imp. of zadan, which has become a
noun), Brave, valiant (m.c.) ; — bi-zanibahd-
dur, Very brave, most valiant (m.c.).

>^A>y bazinddr (in Zand), A window, bal-
cony.

l bizautih, Byzantium, Constanti-

nople.

bazang, A bolt, a bar ; a key.
a yy> bazw (v.n.), Overpowering, seizing.
^yyi ba-xudi, With speed ; quickly.
j } j> ba-zur, ba-zor, By force, forcibly.
a j^y biaur (pi. of bazr), Seeds.
d ijjfi} buziiri, A greengrocer; seeds-
man.

buz-wash, Goatish, goat-like, like a

goat.

fAfit buz~washm (for buz-pashm), Goat's
hair.

buzaueha, Lamb's tongue (a herb).

a fyyt buzugh (v.n. of £)}), Breaking
(day) ; rising of the sun, moon, or stars ;
cutting (of a tooth) ; opening a vein.

iiyyt bazuna (in Zand and Pazand), The
knee.

s>} baza, A sin, crime ; disappointed,
frustrated; poor; injustice, oppression; —

| buza, Unequal ground ; a kind of odori-
I ferous fruit ; the sign Capricomus.
I <J-*y) buzhieh, Opposition ; comparison,
| collation.

)\£ Bjj baza-lcar, and —
I baza-gar, Sinful, criminal.

; bazamand, Culpable, criminal.

; buzicha, A kid ; a butcher's block ;

i the sign Capricomus.

bazldan, To blow (as the wind) ; —
I buzidan, To tickle; to pluck off hair or
wool.

bazida, Blown (as the wind) ; — bu-
{ zlda, Tickled ; plucked, pulled off.

fly) ba-zir, Downwards ; — ba-zlr dmadan,
To descend ; — ba-zir bar-dwardan, To
subdue, subjugate, conquer ; — ba-ziri zanafch
daet sutun Icardan, To be pensive and
dejected; — ba-ziri qalam ddehtan, To commit
to writing ; — ba-zir giriftan, To detract,
take down ; — ba-ziri nigin dwardan (dash-
tan), To bring under subjection.

**&ifl bazesha, Sesame-flour ; the dregs of
1 sesame-oil.

j a bazi', Ingenious, intelligent (youth),
i (^jy bazin, Blowing ; name of a fire-
temple in Nishabiir.
Oflfl bizyaun, buzyun, Brocade.
3} bazh, Snow, sleet ; a hill ; a heap.
Sji bazhwj, A production, appearance,
discovery

tration ; the being endowed with these
qualities.

ij'jjj bazharni, Magnificence, majesty
(probably a misreading of the preceding
and homologous with it).

iJ^ji bazhc^urda, A rolling-pin; a kind
of thorny plant.

{$)) bazhkam, A keeping back, a prevent-
ing.

Jjij? bazhkol, bizhhol, Strong, robust ; pa-
tient ; laborious ; eager, earnest.
cyt bazhm, Dew.

bazhmdn, buzhmdn, Sad, melancholy,
mournful, dejected; faint, flagging.
*yy buzhmavha, A chameleon.
Oj« bazkan, Mud at the bottom of a
well.

•*yi bazhand, Name of a herb used in
cookery.

(j-^jj bazhandi, Disappointment ; help-
lessness ; poverty.
i&ji bazhang, A key.
J\)j> bazhwdt, An echo.
S)jt batshujy A production, appearance,
discovery.

Jjl2» buzhul, The ankle-bone, the heel,
ytfcjt buzkhdn, Strong desire, without
envy.

fl.y> bazhir, A wing, a feather; wool.

bas (S. 6aAu), A great number,
many, more ; very much, greatly ; enough,
sufficient ; often ; yes, indeed, certainly,

u'jjt ba-zharfi, With care, sagacity, pene-

( 185 )

( }

it is so, very true, surely, undoubtedly,
unquestionably; {bas amadan bd lease, To
be able to cope with, to come up to, to
be one's equal ; — bas kardan, To stop,
leave oS, give over ; — a% bas kih, By dint
of, to such a degree that (m.c.) ; — ai bas,
Oh many there are! (seeU^);] — bus, A
spit ; a kiss, a buss.

A <^»> bass, Driving gently ; turning
loose (cattle) j preparing the dish
bailsat, q.v.

W basa (bas with the \ of the vocative),
Many, some, something, somewhat, how
many soever; oh how many ! oh how many
there are ! oh ! enough ! name of a city in
Persia; — chani chand basd (basd basd),
Many, in great numbers.

ii% basd buzwrg, Very great, very
noble.

a <j~*\~i basdbis (pi. of basbas), Desert
lands; trifling amusements, foolish words.

a i&tfi— i basatin (pi. of bustdn) , Gardens ;
— basdtini khwushnumd v, dil-kuehd, Gar-
dens beautiful and delighting the heart.

n (j^U* basdtlni, A gardener.

tS~* batdj, fcV~} ba-gdkji, Depravity,
wickedness; calamity.

u~.«A~{ basddast, Earnest-money.

bisdrdudan, basdrdddan, I
bisdrdan, basdrdan, To plough, to break up
fallow ground.

S^L^ basdrda, Watered ; — bisdrda,
Ploughed.

v>j,^~? basdrdb, Gleanings after harvest.
6,l~t basdra, bisdra, A bench j a portico,
verandah.

bisdz, A day (doubtful meaning) ;
(imp. of sdkhtan) do thou.

basds, Length (doubtful word) .
A basdt, Extensive (tract of country) ;
—bisdt, Anything spread out ; carpet, bed-
ding ; chess-cloth, dice-board; goods,
wares ; — 6wa.fi aghbar (dust-coloured
carpet), The earth ; — bisdti tamdshd-Mtdna,
The stage (m.c.) ; — bisdti khak, The earth ;
— Meat sdkhtan az rukhsdr, To fall pros-
trate ; to lie on the bare ground ; to give
oneself over to contemplation ; — bisdti
falaJe, The terrestrial globe ; — bisdti haun
u mdkan, The surface of the globe, whole
world, universe ; — bisdti gul-furoshdn, A
carpet spread by florists over a wooden
board and kept wet, to expose their flowers
upon it ; — bisdti miqrdzt, A carpet curiously
cut out with scissors and embroidered.

a Jj? !=L-) bisdt- dray, "Who occupies the
place of honour.

A basdtat (v.n. of »), Speaking

freely; the state of a single, uneoinpouuded
substance (m.c).

& bisdti, A pedlar, a toyman.

>s!U~} basdk, A garland of flowers.

a basdlat (v.n. of J—)), Being brave,

valiant; valour, intrepidity; — basdla kar-
dan, To rub, to bray.

a bassdm, One who smiles much ; a
name.

a UL.i ba-sdmdn, Good, upright ; in a
good condition, tranquil in mind.

£jU.> ba-sdn, Like, resembling.

g»W basdnij, A kind of herb.

0 >L*j basdnl, Numerous, multiplied.

y^L^f basdnidan, To water, to irrigate.

■>j } \-~i basdimnd, The rhyme of a poem ;
two things which are analogous or corre-
sponding to each other.

y-Ww basbas, Vain, unmeaning conversa-
tion ; and —

a 4 basbdsat (for P. bazbda), Mace,
the nutmeg's envelope.

a s--!— ba-eabab, For that reason, there-
fore.

A basbas, A desert, uncultivated

ground.

a csW) ia-sabk, In the style of (m.c).

<Sj^-»1 bas-pdya, tslij^^ bas-pdyak (many-
footed), Polypody.

«~~} bast (pret. of bastan), He bound or
connected ; a lover, a sweetheart, one in
whom the heart is bound up; a turban,
wreath for the head ; a knot ; a hundred ;
a sanctuary, asylum ; a bank, a rampart ;
a mountain ; distribution of water into
canals, ditches, or drains ; [bast shikadan,
To exceed bounds;] — bist, Twenty; — bust,
Name of a country and of a fortress ; a
rose-garden ; the axle of a mill-stone ;
roast wheat.

^s— ) bastd, A cloth in which a bundle is
tied up.

cU»j bustdkh, Impudent, forward, rash.
jLw bistdr, Inconstant ; weak ; fresh
water.

bistdm, Coral.

^jlx-^ bi-satdn (imper. of satdndan) ,
Take; buy; — bustdn (for bo-stdn), A gar-
den for flowers or herbs (a fruit-garden
being expressed by bdgh) ; a place where
odoriferous fruits grow.

cA*""* bustdn-aproz (afroz),
Inflaming the garden (an epithet applied
to the anemone, the purple amaranth, and
other flowers).

eA* (jj^— } bustdn-bdn, yVs— } bustdn-
paird, Gardener, vine-dresser,

^j*. £jU— f bustd,n-sardy, A palace-garden.

tf.}tA bustdn-shirin, A note in

music.

bu&tan-faruz, A rose-bed.
^U—j bustdni, Hortulan ; a gardener,
.iSjUw* bustdwand, Hillocks; uneven
ground.

j-i— » bustaj, bustij, bustatk, bustikh,
Frankincense.

yx-^ bistar, A bed, mattress, bolster, pil-
low, cushion; — bistari samandar, The sala-
mander's bed, i.e. fire ; — bistar ehudan, To

v ( 186 )

be abed, lie down ; —bar bistari 'Ish u hu-
ziir, Upon the bed of ease and pleasure.

f*~i bistar-dhang, A coverlet ; a

Bheet.

fcjjyw bisiardan, To obliterate ; to clean.

*js1jX~} bistarak, A small bolster or pillow.
» bustwrm, An eruption on the body.

(je-*- 5 bistar-nishin, Lying on a ted,
bed-ridden.

iSf— i bistari, Bed-ridden.

a (3*-~f bastaq, A servant, minister,
attendant.

a (jUi— t busfaqdn, A gardener ; a keeper
of a vineyard, one who watches sown fields
to keep them from accidental injury,

ud*— * bastak, A servant attendant; a
small spoon; — bustak, Frankincense.

^" ■■■ i bastagl, The being bound or fas-
tened ; the setting of a broken limb ; tight-
ness, stricture, fastness ; a band, swathe ;
a stammering, stuttering, impediment in
speech ; — bastagi'i baul, Strangury ; — bas-
tagi'i sukAan, Impediment in the speech ; —
bastagi'i farj, A female hernia.

frz~-i bistum, The twentieth.

bastan (imp. band), To bind, shut,
close up ; to contract, get, acquire, incur ;
to congeal, coagulate, clot ; to copulate,
have sexual intercourse ; to form seed-buds,
to fructify ; — bdra bastan, To observe the
law.

si£is~*j bastan-gdh, An anchorage, a
mooring.

ijt*"* bastani, A cloth for binding to-
gether bundles of paper, books, inkstands,
aud the like ; a bomb-shell (m.c.) ; ices
(m.c.).

t bastu, A small glazed earthenware
vessel ; a churn-stick ; joint of the neck.

■x^ j i»h bast'U-band, Arrangement, ad-
justment; control.

bastuqa, Joint of the neck.

bast u kushad, The power of
binding and loosing.

biatuh, Sad, melancholj, afflicted.

<cu«o basta, Bound, obliged, tied, fastened,
cbained; closed, shut, locked, barred,
bolted ; set (broken limb or fruit blossoms) ;
coagulated, clotted, congealed ; concreted ;
stopped up, obstructed, blocked up ; fixed,
established, determined, concluded ; be-
numbed ; bewitched, and so rendered im-
potent; planted, driven in; coloured silk
stretched on a frame to be embroidered ; a
bale of goods ; a poem consisting of four
verseB ; name of a note in music ; [basta'i
zingir, Prisoner, captive ; — basta shudan, To
be bound ; — basta kardan, To bind ; — basta'i
gahw&ra'i fand, Subject to the miseries of
the world ; — basta'i nigdr, Name of a note
in music ; a poem consisting of four verses ;
— basta'i nai-shakar, A bundle of sugar-
cane (Hind, phdndi) ; — dast u gardan basta,
Bound hand and neck ; — yakk basta, Ice-

bound, frozen ;] — bistuh, Sad, melancholy
— busta, A filbert-nut.

a f*e*j <sa~( basta-rahim, Barren.

&x~» basta-iabdn, Tongue-tied.
a $jh basta-farj, Impervious (woman).
basta-miydn, Ready, prepared.
ju—( baeta-nigdr, Name of a note in

music.

^s*-* busti, A gardener; gardening; re-
lating to a garden ; a native of Bust.
t)Ws— } bastiydn, Bastion, battery (m.c).
sWoi~> bastibdj, Name of a creeping plant.
bastipk, A village near Nishabur.
u~J bas justa, Much sought after,

beloved.

($t!<&~4 basjin, A hard wood of which bows
are made.

baskhandan, To cause fermenta-
tion (with yeast).

&e~j (^afc~> ba-sukhan-rasid, A reasonable
man,

baa khwdsta, Much sought

after, beloved.

a ±~*> busd, A flower-garden ; a fruit-
garden.

buesad, bissad, Coral, and its root.
bussad-ruy, Coral-cheeked.

>s)ju^ basadk, A handful of wheat or bar-
ley in the straw ; — basdak, The herb melilot.

tfix~i basadm, busdin, bussadin, Red,
coral-colour.

a bussaz (for P. bussad), Coral.

y—i ba-sar, At or to the head, end, point,
or extremity ; — ba-sar dmadan, To come to
an end ; to be finished ; to die -—ba-sar bur.
dan, To bear or carry to an end ; to finish,
accomplish ; to fulfil a promise ; to pass the
time, to live ; to agree, harmonize ; to con-
dole, sympathize ; to kill.

A baer (v.n,), Doing or asking (any-
thing) prematurely or unseasonably ;
causing a she-camel to be covered before
the proper time ; covering a she-camel before
she is in season ; laying bare the scar of an
unhealed wound ; expressing the juice from
ripe dates, amongst which unripe ones are
mixed ; emptying the churn before the
butter has been made ; beginning, com-
mencing; cold water; — busr, Unripe dates
full grown, and beginning to ripen ; fresh
rain just fallen; anything fresh, new, aud
tender ; young.

ba-sardzirl, On sloping or undu-
lating ground, uphill aud downhill.

^js^j — » bumrdq (S. pugliya-rdja), Topaz.

(jj^^—i ba-sar-bdrl, A load carried on the
head.

^jjj y~> ba-sar-burdagi, The fulfilment (of
a promise) ; accomplishment.

^a^T }j j — i ba-sar-dar-dmadagi, A slip,
fall.

6juj\ ^ ba-sar-dar-dyanda, One who
falls on his head.

( 187 )

t>W- j j—} ba-sar ujdn (with head and soul),
Most willingly, with great pleasure (m.c.).

j ba-sar u chashm (with head
and eye), "Willingly, cheerfully.

bisriyd (in Zand and PSzand), Meat,

flesh.

a L— » bast (v.n.), Stretching out (the
hand) ; distension ; diffusiveness ; being
wide enough for ; preferring, exalting ; —
bast dddan, To open a discourse ; to explain ;
— bast kardan, To expand {basti jandh kar-
dan, To expand the wings) ; — bist, Open, ex-
panded (hand) ; — bust, A she-camel left
with her sacking-colt.

a ^»ya-~> bastdmi, Native of Bastam.

a <3=~i bastat, bust at, Excellence ; exten-
sive and profound literary acquirements ;
extent; tallness.

a <_3«— > ba-sa'l, Quickly, swiftly.

£~) basagh, A. cupola, a high apartment
surrounded with windows, for prospect and
air.

8.iAv»j basagkda, baswjhda, Ready, pre-
pared ; an accomplishes

yj>jdu-j basaghdidan, bisagjidldan, bisugh-
dtdan, To be finished, arranged, prepared.

a gjX* — j basfdlaj, i basfdyaj (for V.

bas-pdya), Polypody.
g y*j$a—> bisqupos, A bishop.
<2i~-> bask, A handful of wheat in the ear ;
yawning ; — basak, Melilot ; — basuk, An ex-
tract from the Gospels (doubtful word) ; —
busuh, Cotton twist.

baskala, The bar of a door.

biskilidan. To tickle ; to embrace.
<jj£—» bas-goy, Talkative, prating, Yer-

J— ! basl (v.n.), Accelerating; sifting;
taking by little at a time ; unlawful; lawful ;
severity ; reproof, blame, censure ; the ex-
pressed juice of saffron and privet ; dis-
agreeable and repulsive in one's aspect.

J~? basal, Millet ; the heel ; iron helmet.

(jjVSL.* bisildnidan, To drag ; to break.

al— } basla, A pea, pease.

a p~\ basm (v.n.), Smiling ; smile ; —
bi'tmi (for bi-ismi), In the name of ; — bismi-
'lldh, In the name of God (an ejaculation
frequently used by Muhammadans, espe-
cially when going to commence anything) ;
God be with you ! God speed you ! very
well ! all right !

a J*— j biemil (contracted from bi-'smu
'lldk, because on killing an animal the words
"in the name of God" are to be pro-
nounced), Sacrificed, slaughtered; meek,
forbearing ; — bism.il kardan, To sacrifice, to
slaughter.

a £U— * basmalat (v.n. of — » Q), Pro-
nouncing the sentence bi-'smi'lluh, In the
name of God-

a bismil-gah, Slaughter-house,

butchery.

a^*~4 6ismiZi,For sacrifice, for slaughter.

» baa-ma, A collyrium, tincture, or
medicine for the eyes ; gold or silver leaves
painted or imprinted on a stuff.

^<U— ? basmackl, One who adorns a stuff
in the manner described in the preceding
article.

a (j—* ba-sinn, As to age, by age, aged
(m.c).

(j^U-j basnds, Name of a certain learned
man or prince.

) bisanj, A freckle ; — bi-sanj (imp. of
sanjldan), Weigh thou.

— » basanjtdan, To draw a curtain, to
hide or conceal from view ; to prepare, make
ready.

yJafcA— } basanakhdan, To ferment, to
leaven.

basand, Complete, entire ; sufficient,
worthy ; sufficiency, competency ; content-
ment ; — basand dmadan, To satisfy, to suf-
fice; — basand kardan, To be satisfied.

j4 xi~-i basand-foir, Content, satisfied.

txi^i basanda, Sufficient, complete, wor-
thy.

jlS" j basanda-kdr, Contented, satisfied.

^jU" Baa— j basanda-hdrl, Contentment.

yjji Six- 1 basanda kardan. To be satisfied.

utU~* bumnk, Name of a mountain said
to be inhabited by pigeons who read and
explain people's intentions.

*sS*~~ j bisang, The herb melilot; a palm-
tree ; — basang, A horse not broken in ; an
extract from the Gospels.

ejjn^ <i£i— i basang dmadan. To be weak,
j basna, An unbroken horse ; a bullock,

steer.

» busota, bisota, A curl, a lock of hair.

4 bisudan, busudan, To handle, fee),
touch, seize, rub ; to bore ; to repel, thrust
back ; to throw from the hand ; to abolish ,
erase, remove; to swallow, engulf; to mix,
mingle.

ajj—} bisuda, busuda, Felt, touched, or
handled.

a i busiir (v.n.), Having a stern, for-
bidding look.

jj~> busur, Malediction, imprecation.

yjLijj-^} busuridan, To curse, to execrate.

a (_r»}— > basus, A she-camel, whose milk
comes with difficulty from her ; the name of
an Arabian woman, from whom originated,
on small provocation, a lorty years' war
(harbi basils'), ever since proverbial to ex-
press great events from little causes.

a busvq (v.n. of (J— t), Being tall (a
palm-tree) ; growth.

Jj_j busul, A curse, imprecation.

yjiJ,— j busulidan, To curse.

h &y~ i biswa, The twentieth part of an
acre of land.

tSj—? ba-suvn, Towards ; against.

&~) basa, The herb melilot.

a ks-3je~» ba-suhula! , With facility, with
ease ; easily .

( 188 ) o^-iu

^ t basi, Abundance, plenty; — base,
Many ; niuch, very ; enough ; often.

? basya (in Zand and Pazand), Wine.
bisyar, Many, much; numerous;
frequent; copious; very; exceedingly; —
bisyar biidan, To be numerous ; — bisyar
Hiub, Very well, all right (m.c.) ; — bisyar
skudan, To be multiplied ; — bisyar hardan,
To multiply, to increase.

oV*— ? bisyaran (pi. of the preceding), A
multitude of people.
/ » bisydr-bar, Very fruitful.

_;W— ? bisyar bitda., It has often bap.
pened (m.c).

bisyar-bahr, Who has received a
large share.

jW— } bisydr-khasp, Drowsy, lethar-
gic.

_>\f*> ;W~-J bisydr-khwdr, A great eater,
glutton.

yta^l^ 6isyar-(?dn, Very learned ; (many-
grained) a kind of pomegranate.

u\<i ^U-~> binydr-ddna (many-grained), A
species of pulse.

a g>^J j^f. — i bisyar ddnij (for P. bisyar
dana), A species of pulse.

ut^,jj bisydr-dost, Who has many

friends, beloved by many.

a yi bisydr-fann, Well versed in

many branches of knowledge, rich in Te-
sources, up to many tricks.

(tSjO f !h~* bisydr-go (goy), Talkative,
verbose.

bisydr-wdm, Burdened with debt,
jiysi jU_> bisydr-hosh, Of great prudence,
very intelligent.

bisydrl, Abundance, plenty, multi-
tude ; length of time or space.

basej, bisej, Arms, armour; apparatus
for a journey ; furniture, gear ; purpose, de-
sign, enterprise ; (in comp.) preparing,
prepared.

base-janda, Preparing, arming for

war.

^^^^ basejidan, To arm ; to prepare
for ; to finish, to complete ; to manage ; to
purpose ; intend.

soui^— } basejida, Prepared, arranged, dis-
posed.

> basech, &c. = g4~-i & Cl

a baslsat, basisa, flour of wheat or

barley, toasted or fried with butter or oil
and honey.

A basit, Expanded, spread ; simple,
elementary ; expanse, surface ; name of a

metre (mustaf'ilun fd'ilun, = ' — I

— ^ — | eight times repeated).

A J*—? basil, Ugly, hideous, repulsive;
stern, forbidding.

bastla, A kind of bean.

,**~> basim (in Zand and Pazand), Well-
flavoured.

A basim, Smiling, cheerful, jovial,
merry ; buxom, blithe ; affable ; — basim

biidan, To be cheerful ; — Hianddn u basim,,
Of joyous, open, smiling countenance.

ijt? bash, A bandage; a hoop of silver,
iron, or brass to fasten boxes; a padlock;
a watered field ;—bush, A horse's mane ; a
fringe, flounce ; a lock, ringlet ; incomplete ;
— bish (for bi-dihash), Give to bim.

a (jS-! bashsh, Of a cheerful, open counte-
nance.

bishdr, basilar, Scattered (money) ;
inlaid with gold or silver ; stamped silver
(to specify its fineness) ; beaten (gold) ;
tired, wearied; a fetter; a prisoner; a
gentle rubbing; touch.

A bashdrat, bishdrat, bashdra, bishara
(v.n, of /*3), Joyful tidings, happy news;
happy dream or vision; — bishdrat hardan,
To announce good news ; to preach the
Gospel.

(jaj uujUo bishdrat-ras, yU, cdjIa^
biskdrat-rasdn, A bringer (the latter also
bringers) of joyful news.

uujti^ bisfidrat-kashdn, Harbingers
of happy tidings.

s—V^o bushdsb (for bushdsb), Sleep.

A ^Vij bashshdsh, Of an open, cheerful
countenance ; cheerful looking (m.c).

A aaAAj bashdshat (v.n. of <J±>), Turning
towards one with a smile ; joviality, cheer-
fulness, mirth ; liveliness, alacrity.

A irU.} bashd'at (v.n. of £-**), Having a
bad flavour, being unwholesome, disagree-
able (meat).

A bashdtn, Name of a fragrant shrub,
with the branches o£ which they clean the
teeth, and from whose leaf a black dye for
the hair is made.

jjjtiJ bushdivard, Uneven ground.

bashbash, bttshbush, Colocy nth-
leaves.

a- (3*-^? bashbaq (for P. bashba) , Name
of a village in the dependency of Marw.
bashbayun, bashbiyun, Fat.

J^-^ bishpol, Scattering, scattered, dis-
persed ; (with imperative meaning) dis-
perse, scatter.

A l^A* busht, Name of a country in Khu-
rasan.

sjL^j bi-shtdb (imp. of shitajtan),
Hasten.

jJU^j bishtdlam, p^A} bishtam, A parasite.

f^i bashtar (apparently misreading for
r~')> The archangel Michael (who they
say has the distribution of riches to
mankind) ; an angel who presides over rain
and vegetation ; a cloud ; — bushtar, Pimples,
pustules ; thrush.

gjs.ii bashturagA, busMurgh, A herb with
which they dye stuffs ; part of a cluster of
grapes or dates.

Pfjj* bushturam, bushturum, buehtaram,
A pimple, eruption, rash.

Syi&j bashtara, = sy-s^ q.v., of which it
seems to be a misreading.

( 189 )

Or 5 "*** bushtarl, Suffering from an erup-
tion.

"^^J bashtvk, bashtak, bishiak, A small
jar.

y^-i bvshjir, A mountain tree of which
they iruke bows, arrows, or javelins.

fcl-V^-ij bishkha ldan, hishkhjlyldan, To
tear with the nails.

(♦AsfcA} biahakhsham, A sliding, slipping ;
stumbling.

a ia^Aj ba-shakhsi-hi, Personally.

yoja-ij bishkhudan, To tear with the nails.

s^jic-^ bishkhuda. Scratched ; enlarged,
widened ; ruined ; trodden down.

jj*-^ bushkhor, The remainder of water
in a vessel after drinking; = yse^i q.v.

yA^aiA) bashkhidan, To shine ; to sprinkle ;
to steal (not supported by examples).

a i^>Aij ba-shiddat, Extremely, exces-
sively ; violently, forcibly.

A ^ bashr (v.n.), Belating news ; sha-
ving close so that the skin is seen through ;
feeding upon the fields (locusts) ; — bashar,
Man, mankind ; mortals, the human race.

a yi^ ba-sharr, Maliciously, malevolently;
evil-disposed, vicious.

a Sj-^ hasharat, The skin, cuticle, or out-
ward skin (the interior being called ada-
mat).

a- ba-shart, On condition, condition-
ally ; — ba-sharti an ki, On condition that.

y^jjf** bashrunitan (in Zand), To wor-
ship.

A Jy-*-* bushrd (v.n. of y^.), Communica-
ting good news ; joyful news, happy tidings;
— bushrd dadan (zadan, numudan), To con-
vey good news.

A bashariy, Human ; — zu 'fi bashari,

Human weakness; — 'uqdli bashari, Human
intellects.
a bashariyat, Human nature.

— '*i bisMstan, To sit bishnstan, To
wash ; to clean.

A haslm 1 - (v.n.), Having a bad flavour, I
being unwholesome or disagreeable (meat). J
bashghara, Made, formed, finished.
t <^j ) ALi bushqdb, A plate, a tray (m.c).
bashk, Amorous blandishment ;
coquetry [bashk zadan, To coquette with] ;
lightning; dew; hail; a curtain hung he-
fore a door ; name of a tree ; (for bdshad
M) it may be that ; — bu&hk, Curly hair, the
forelocks.

LSj^t bashkdrl, Agriculture, tillage.

O^j&u* ba-shakar-ash (by his sugar), By
his lips, by his sweet words ; — bt-sMar-ash
(imp. of Bhikardan with pron.), Hunt him
down, lay him low ! — ba-shukr-ash, By his
thanks.

^jji— CJuj bishkaetan, To break ; to extin-
guish.

n^i-i bUJtkufa, A flower, a blossom.
J£&} biskkal, bishkala, A crooked

stick for opening a lock, a sort of key ; ac-

cording to others also " sadness " and
" curly hair," which meanings, however, are
unsupported by examples.

^S-^ bishkaltd, A scratch.

yo-liio bishkalidan, To scratch, to tear;
to enlarge, to widen ; to be fettered ; to en-
circle with the arms ; to embrace.

f+^i bashkam, bishkam, A summer-house,
an airy house ; a balcony, a verandah.

tf£-*-4 bishkan-bwhkan, A great feast
with every requisite for enjoyment, a
revelry.

Sr - ^** bashkanj, The arm ; the left hand.
bishkina, The stocks ; a key.

iijZA* bishkufah, A flower ; a vomit.

JjC&* bishkol, bashkol, Swift, expeditious,
active, eager, strong; intelligent; woad.

yxJj£ij bashkolidan, bishkoltdan, To set
eagerly about a thing,

bashkun, Nimble, active, notable.

a^-i^t bishkuna, A flower ; frequent
vomiting.

Sfi^j bishkoh, Magnificent, majestic,
stately.

biehqar, and —
jj&i; bishgard, A hunter, a fowler; a
place for hunting ; the chase ; game.
bashgir, A towel.

bashal, Two things adhering to each
other and suspended together.

a bishilshaka, Gentian, bitter-

wort,

ii£JA> bishlang, Name of a fort in Hin-
dustan.

yAilij bashlidan, To hang; to adhere,
stick.

f*&* bashm, Hoar-frost ; dew ; name of a
very cold place between Tabaristan and
Bay ; a heretic, a man of no religion ; —
baskam, Sad, sorrowful ; undigested (comp.
the following).

A f*M basham (v.n.), Suffering from in-
digestion ; indigestion ; — bashim. Weary, dis-
gusted.

UAj ba-shumd, To you.

a bishmat, Biscuit, bread baked

twice.

t jW-iJ bashmdq, A shoe, sandal, slipper.
bashmajch, A form of invocation.

t bashmaq-dur, The keeper of the

Sultan's boots.

a Jj*«£*> ba-shumul, With the inclusion of,
inclusive ; including.

<UAj bashma, Undressed leather ; a certain
black grain used in anointing the eyes.

yj-t* baekn, Stature, height ; the body ; the
top, bottom, and sides of anything.

5—4 bashanj, Splendour ; freshness of the
cheek ; elegance, beauty ; — bishanj, A freckle
or spot on the face or hands.

t^Ai bishanja, Weavers' glue ; also glue-
brusb.

i-yj^ bushnazha, Paste of meal and date-
syrnp.

( 1?0 )

bishing, A plasterer's or mason's
chisel with which they peck holes j an auger;
a mattock.

yt^*~> bashniz, bashnlza, Southern-

wood.

thf^ bunhnm, The Egyptian lotus.

(jj'j- 4 -? bashiitan, Of bad principles ; —
bishutan, bashiitan. An ape ; name of a son of
Gashtasb, and brother to Isfandiyar ; an
ape, a monkey.

O^y*-* buskiidan, To wash; to be bad-
tempered ; evil-disposed.

i^jf^ basMrintan (in Zand and Piizand),
To worship, to adore.

g^tji^ bishorldan, To curse ; to be dis-
turbed, to be angry.

■J^jr-t bishiish, Cunning in trade.

biehnl, bushul, Active, skilful, intel-
ligent; confusion, broil; imp. of bishull-
dan.

busholdnldan, To cause to move
to uud fro ; to agitate, to shake ; to excite.

jziy**> bisholish, Perturbation ; perform-
ance, execution; knowledge; sight.

cj^^ bisholidan, basholtdan, busholldan,
To move to and fro, shake, waver ; to sit
down fatigued and bewildered; to see; to
mix, confuBe, embroil ; to scatter; toexecute.

bieholida, Seen; known; expert,
sk i led ; disturbed, confused ; accomplished.
yj^r** biehiiliyun (G. ^vXXiov), Flea wort.
*(&>j&) baahuwaika'i ibrdhim, Ac-
cording to the Bv,rhdni Qdti', the Andalu-
si an form of "^.j* q- v '

bagl'ij, Equal ; death, destruction.
A bashir, A messenger of good news ;
proper name.

bishez, A leathern water-bottle.
basheh, Peculiarity ; special.
a » bashima, An undressed hide.
ijv&t bishin, Essence, existence.
<2f!~> bashyun, Fat.

a basdrat, bisarat (v.n. of ^)), Seeing,
perceiving ; sense of sight, vision ; insight,
understanding, intimate knowledge.

A jsW busdq, A snail.

a basd'ir (pi. of bafirat), Sights ; evi-
dent proofs, convincing demonstrations.

a basar (v.n.), Seeing, discerning ;
sight, vision; the eye; — basari bl-basirat,
Ad eye without vision, mind without fore-
sight.

a *}j+t bumrd (pi. of bafir), The clear-
sighted, the intelligent.

a if> basrat, basra, The city of Basra or
Bassora.

a Jy-> busrd, Name of a city in Syria ;
name of a village near Baghdad.

a ij,y<* basri, Native of Basra.

a go* bus' (v.n.), Collecting ; flowing, run-
ning (wafer) ; a rent in a bag through which
the water leaks ; the space between the fore
and middle fingers ; — A part of the
night.

a basal, An onion ; an iron helmet.
a basaliyat, Name of a quarter iu
Baghdad.

a busm, An interval, distance between
the extremities of the ring and the little
fingers.

a uw;y>> ba-surat, In the appearance,
shape, or guise of ; by way of ; apparently ;
outwardly.

a bafir, Seeing, perceiving, discern-
ing, penetrating; clear-sighted ; intelligent;
a connoisseur; the all-seeing God; — bafir
shudan, To look at.

a Sjs-aj baslrat, Sight, vision, insight,
mental perception; perceptive faculty ;
knowledge, understanding, intelligence, dis-
cernment; skill; circumspection, prudence;
— baslrat hardan, To foresee ;~arbdbi (akli)
bafirat, The prudent, circumspect; — ln-bail-
rat, Improvident,

a basis (v.n. of J&j), Flashing,

shining ; splendour, brightness.

a ha-sigha, In the form or mode of ;
in the degree.

a bazz (v.n.), Flowing little and little;
thin, fat, and soft-skinned.

a bizd'at, Merchandise ; an article of
merchandise ; goods; stock in trade, capital;
agency, commission ; — buzd'at, bizd'at, Name
of a well at Madina.

a 5^} buz' (v.n.), Cutting in pieces ; cut-
ting off a part ; cleaving, splitting ; quench-
ing thirst; marrying, contracting a mar-
riage; having commerce with a woman;
divorcing; declaring, making clear; being
uneasy; — bit', A part of the night; small
number (from three to nine) ; — bus', Geui-
tale arvum ; the contracting of a marriage ;
marriage settlement ; divorce ; coition.

A ba-z'at, biz'at, A part, section, piece
(of meat) ; — baza'at (pi. of bdzi'), Cutting
(swords).

a &~±> bafi', A partner ; sweat ; flesh ; an
island in the sea.

a b> bait, bat (for P. bat), A duck ; a sort
ot large cup ; — bati bdda (shardb, sahbd',
mai), A wine-cup in the shape of a duck ;
— bati zar, The sun ; — bati surkh-db-zdy, A
goblet of pure wine ; — bati sangin, A goblet
made of stone which does not sink in
water.

a 1=) batt (v.n.), Cutting open (a boil),
cr*;^ batdris (G. 7rx«pts), Fern.
a iijUaj batdriqat, batdriqa, pi. of t3s ; W
bifrlq, q.v.

a **U>> bitdqat, The pupil of the eye; a
label affixed to a piece of cloth marking the
price.

a J^i battel, Idle, unemployed; very
foolish or vain, false; very brave ; a cham-
pion ; — banal Jcardan, To abolish.

A iS\^ baUdlat (v.n. of Jl=»), Being idle;
sloth ; absurdity ; falsity, vanity ; valour,
braverv.

tk ( 191 )

a c)U°> hi l an, A girth.

a bitdnat, batdna, The lining of a
garment ; cap or cloth worn under the tur-
ban ; a sincere friend.

xtLlj) batbdt, Shepherd's staff (a plant).

a balk (v.n.), Throwing on the face.

a oVfcU hatha', A spacious channel bedded
with pebbles.

a batilidn, bvfihCm, A swampy valley

near Madina,

A batr ( v.n.). Splitting, cleaving,
bursting (an imposthume) ;— batar (v.n.),
Exulting, being insolent with joy, petu-
lance ; being thunder-struck, lost in amaze-
ment.

y>» batr a (G. iriTpa), A stone, a rock ; a
mountain.

batrdkhu, cr^V* batrdkhus (G.
/Jarpa^o?), A frog.

Qj^fc batrukhiyiin (G. fiarpa-xiov), Wild
parsley.

(jjJL.ya) batrdsdliyiin (Gr. irerpocreXivov),
Rock-parsley.

t>j^jW batrdldwan (G. TrtrptXaiov), Petro-
leum, rock-oil.

C^W batrah, An elder ; a perfect scholar
(probably a corruption of ^.j^ q.v.).

a )jS=! ba-tarz, In the mode or manner of ;
by way of ; like to (m.c),

a ^JjW ba-taraf, Aside, apart.

,.5^) butri, A bottle (m.c. corr. from E.).

a jfylo) bi-tariq, By way of, in the manner
of, on account of ; — bi-tariqi haqq, For the
love of God, for the sake of justice.

Q bifTVli -A- commander of 10,000
men ; vain, haughty, proud ; a patriarch ; a
Christian doctor ; a proper name.

a tA? batsh (v.n.), Seizing, carrying away
by force ; rushing upon with violence, at-
tacking.

uii«i batak, A duckling ; a small goblet ;
a drinking-cup made in the form of a duck.

a ball (v.n.), Being vain, abortive, of
no effect ; — batal, A brave man, a cham-
pion.

t batldq, batlaq, Marsh, morass
(m.c, see and jW).

a ySt) butlan (v.n. of Jv), Being vain,
abortive, fruitless ; vanity ; falseness ; abor-
tion ; — shubhati butlunl, A foolish doubt, a
vain scruple.

batlamiyus, batlimus (G. IIi-oAe-
/talos), Ptolemy ; light, brightness.

<j»)<X°t batlayus, Name of a western
country.

a /J* butm, butum, The turpentine-tree
and fruit ; a kind of greenish grain, of a
turpentine quality,

a yioj batn (v.n. of The belly, abdo-
men ; the womb ; the interior.

fl ts— j> yk) batn-parast, A worshipper of
the belly, a glutton.

a bitnat. Fulness of belly from eating,
indigestion from repletion.

« batani, Of the belly ; of the womb,
born of.

a ba-taur, After the manner of, like ;
in a manner ; by way of.

a y^W batun. Interior, inside ; heart,
mind ; concealed.

a bati', Slow, tardy, dull.

a £->lo> bitt'ikh, 4*tio! bittlkhat. A melon,
musk-melon ; a pumpkin; — bittikhi ziqqi, A
water-melon ; — biUiklii mustatil (hindi),
The citrul.

a ^jjsJo) biUikhl, Seller of melons or
pumpkins.

a l=-i=» 6tt.fi/, A wonderful thing ; a lie.

a if&>. 6o.ftn, Large, gorhellied ; far, dis-
tant, remote; — butain (dim. of 6af»),The
second mansion of the moon, distinguished
by three small stars in the belly of Aries.

a jtt^i ba-zdhir, In appearance, appa-
rently ; outwardly, externally ; ostensibly.

a bazr, The clitoris ; — bazar (v.n.),
Having an excrescence in the middle of the
upper lip (a man).

a buzur (pi. of bazr), Clitorises.

a ba-zuhur dmadan, To come to

pass, be put in execution, to be accom-
plished.

a <±>\*> bu'ds, Name of a place near
Madina, where a battle was fought.

a jU> 6i'acZ (v.n. <3 of j*j), Removing far ;
removal ; distance ; separation.

a J U» bi'al (v.n. 3 of J«j), Sporting, toy-
ing with a spouse j conjugal intercourse ;
— (pi. of ba'l) Husbands ; wives ; spouses.

a ii-«> ba's (v.n.), Sending ; housing,
stirring up ; awakening ; raising the dead;
resurrection ; — also ba'as, An army, a de-
tachment.

A hi' sat, Mission, embassy.

a S^iau ha'sarat (v.n. of /*»), Scattering.

a jju ha'j (v.n. of s*i), Cutting open (the
belly with a knife) ; tormenting (love).

a" J*} ba'd, After, afterwards ; subse-
quently ; [ba'd az, ba'd az in, After this ;
— ba'd az tin, After that ; — ba'd az an hi,
After which, after that which ; — ba'da ma,
After that, on which ; — atnmd ba'd, After
these premises ; now to begin ; — fi rnd ba'd,
But then, now however (a transition from
one part of the subject to another, very
common in letters) ; — min ba'd, Afterwards,
for the future ; — wa ba'd. And then (fre-
quently used like ammd ba'd) ;] — bu'd,
Distance, remoteness ; — bu'du 'l-maahriqain,
The distance between the two easts (i.e.
between east aud west, or between the sol-
stices).

a so*? ba'dahu, After, afterwards, then,

after that.

a j*> ba'r (v.n. of fi), Voiding dung (a
camel or sheep) ; — also ba'ar, The globular
dung of animals.

A ij*> ba'ar at, Camels' dung ; glans penis.

>•» (

a "!jj«> ba-'izzat. In high estimation ;
dear, beloved.

A {j±*> ba'z, U*j ba'zd, ba'ze, Some,

some few ; certain, several, sundry, diverse ;
miscellaneous ; some people ; — ba'ze bdbat,
Particular taxes ; — ba'ze jam', Sundry im-
positions ; — ba'ze kharck, Petty charges ; —
ba'ze mmln, Lands exempted from the pay-
meat of revenue.

a J«? ba'l, A lord, master, possessor ; a
husband ; high ground (especially such as
receives rain only once a year) ; any tree,
■watered only by rain, not by art. ; the idol
Baal.

a ba'labak, Baalbak in Syria (Helio-
polis).

a ba'lat, A wife; — ba-'illat, By reason
of ; on the ground of ; on account of.

a sjj*)!** ba'alzabub, Beelzebub.

a, ba-'atndan, Deliberately, on pur-

pose.

ba-'itmal, To use ; — ba-'amal ilmadan,
To come to use ; to be put in practice ;- — ba-
'amal dwardan, To bring to use, to put in
practice, carry into execution, perform j— -
ba-'amal dar nayamadan, Not to come to
use, to fail, or become ineffectual

A <y>\*> AiJ^ bi Hndyati'lldh ta'dld, By

the. help of the Most High God.

a ij*}** ba-'iwaz, In lieu of, in compensa-
tion of, instead (m.c).

a \J>j** bu'az, ba'dzat, A gnat.

a J^*> bu'nl (pi. of ba'l), Husbands ;
spouses.

a bu'tdai (v.n. of J*?)> Marrying ;

— (pi. of ba'l) Husbands; spouses.

A J^W aIH H 'auni'lldhi ta'dld, Bv the
assistance of the Most High God.

a ba'ld, Distant, far, far off, remote ;
a stranger ; — ba'id shudan, To be separated ;
— ba'id hirdan. To remove ; to absent one-
self, be hid.

a rs** ha'lr, bi'ir, A camel ; airy beast of
burden.

a i~*> bi-'ainihi, bi-'ainiha, The very
same ; exactly, precisely ; literally, word for
word.

& bagli, A ditch ; (Z. bagho), name of an
idol ; a god (enters into composition of
names, as ba<jh-ddd = god-given).

a Uj baghd, A whore, adultress ; an in-
famous boy.

A bigJia (v.n. 3 of u*!)> Playing the
whore, committing adultery ; — bugjid' (v.n.
of u^), Desiring; seeking.

A bagkas, bighds, bugjids, A sort of
kite.

j^*? bagha.r, A nail, spike, wedge ; — also
baghava, A breach in a wall; a wound; —
bigAdr, A river.

jUj biglidz, baghdz, A wedge used by car-
penters to split timber, and by shoemakers
to stretch the leather on their lasts ; — bughdz

192 ) ^

(for T. j^y), Straits ; — bughazi ddrddnal,
The channel of the Dardanelles (m.c).

A bigAal (pi. of bagM), Mules ; —
baghghdl, A muleteer.

*"^> baghdma, A demon inhabiting the
deserts.

bagJidn, A wedge, a wooden peg.

J^f^i baghdniish, A quick-going horse.

a ba.ghdwat, Rebellion ; — baglidwat
kardan, To assault, injure.

bagh-pur (S. bkaga-putra) , =jji*j q.v.

>->^s*f bagMaf, A fissure.

jUii bagMdq, A high cap ; a robe.

A ba gk tat, baghatat (v.n. of
Happening unexpectedly ; — baghtatan, Sud-
denly, unexpectedly.

y^jj^jiAj bughsardnidan, To cause to
scatter.

t^r** buijhsarl, Afterwards, a little after.
y^jjiAj bu ghs aridan, To scatter, strew,
sow.

a bagJssur, Name of a town between
Herat and Sarakhs.

t &***t bugAcha, A bundle.

t ijiS i^jtj bu gk cha-Jcaih, A servant who
carries a bundle or parcel.

a baghddd (by the Persian lexico-

graphers explained as bdgjii dad, The gar-
den of justice, but see the true etymology
under ft ; other forms of the name are
bagkzaz, oljJtj bagfaddz, bagAddn, <ji^

baghdln, and mag^ddn), The city of

Baghdad, situated on the eastern side of the
Tigris, the capital of Babylonian or Arabian
Irak ; — baghdddi kkdli (khardh, kithna),(met.)
An empty stomach ; an empty wine- cup; —
baghdudi ma'-mura; Fulness, repletion ;
freshness.

t \-^t bughdd, A butcher's knife (see

a j*i bcujhar (v.n.), Drinking without
quenching the thirst, and being diseased
thereby (a camel) ; a disease incident to
camels from excessive thirst ; bad water.
\j*> bagjird, A boar ; — bugArd, Name of a

j king of Khwarazm, generally called \ykj
bugkra-Jchdri; (fov the following) quad-

[ rangular sections of paste, dressed with
gravy or milk ; a heron that takes the lead
in flight.

bugkrd Ichani, A certain dish of
which Bnghra-Khiin, king of Khwarazm,
was the inventor (see the preceding article).

u-V** baghrds, Name of a place about
twelve miles distant from Antiochia, with a
i high castle, springs, and gardens.
I bughrdv, Clamour, noise.

^•\jj*t bugh.artdsh, A spoon of brass ; a
blow on the elbow, the funny bone.
I Ay*> bagjiz (v.n.), Beating with a stick;
kicking ; briskness.

baglishur. Name of a village near

Hariit,

a bayhz (v.n.), Hating ; hatred,

( 1

spite, malice ; grudge, rancour ; malignity ;
revenge.

jUaM baghtaq, A turban ; a robe.

J*t baghal, The arm-pit ; [baijhali-dast,
The arm-pit ; — baghali ran, The groin ;] an
embrace ; a fathom ; the stem (of a ship,
m.c.) ; — baghal bdz numudan, To receive ■with
open arms ; — baghal raftan, To go on one
side ; — baghal zadan, To rejoice at another's
distress; — hagkal gwzmhtan, To place under
the arm-pit (m.c.) ; — baghal gushddan, To
exercise ; to prove ; to display strength ; —
baghalash ast, He is in his arms (m.c),

A. J*) hagkl, A mule ; name of a Jewish
coiner of money.

O^Aj baghlan, A follower, a partisan.

jt J*> baghal-bur, Border, edge, margin
(m.c.).

•"f J*J baghal-band, A rope tied under the
arm-pits.

jUUj baghltdq. The accoutrements of a
horse ; a cap, a head-dress ; a robe.

J*e baghal-tari, Shame, bashfulness,

funk.

jIUAj baghltdq, The accoutrements of a
horse ; a cap, a head-dress ; a robe.

«U*t baghalah, A swelling under the arm-
pits, a bubo;-— baghalah zadan, To rejoice at
another's misfortunes ; to deride, to mock at.

y<$ J*» baghal-gir, Embracing ; an em-
bracer.

(j;^ Jjkf baghal glri, Embracement, clasp,
hug.

Tj\a*Ut baghlanqdr, baghlanqdz,
Name of a bird.

,JJo baghali, baghli, Pertaining to the
arm-pit, axillary ; what finds room under
the arm-pit, small ; a disorder in camels
rubbing the thigh against the belly ; a kind
of dumb-bell; a trick in fencing or wrest-
ling.

a ,JU» baghli, Money of the coinage of
Baghl the Jew (see A. J*» baghl).

jUAj buahmdz, A mould for making bricks ;
a wedge (comp. jU)) .

hughunj, Coriander-seed.

«^*» baghand, An inquiry; a river ; a kind
of leather,

AjjAf bughur (v.n. of j*»), Setting of the
Pleiades, indicating approaching rain ; —
ba-ghaur, With reflection, thoughtfully,
attentively.

a (j*) baghy, baghl (v.n.), Rebellion, in-
surrection, revolt; injustice, tyranny, op-
pression, violence; insolence; fornication
(m.c.) ;— baghi giriflan, To commit fornica-
tion (m.c).

jW*) baghydr, bag&ydz, Drink-money ;
a present of sweetmeats ; good news.

O)**** baghydzi, Good news ; drink-money.

a £e*> Ughyat, bughyat, Anything wanted ;
desire, wish.

a bi-ghair, ba-ghmr, Without, be-

93 ) j*i

sides, except, unless ; — ba-gkair az man,
Except nie.

baf, A weaver's sley.
h Ia> bafd, Seurf, dandruff.

bafdr, A wedge.
a il«=U) ba-fdsila, At a distance of; at in-
tervals.

*r**» baftara, Decoy-bird.
<4r*> baf tart, The yarn-beam ; the sley of
a weaver's loom ; any instrument used in
weaving.

%M bafj, Spittle ; a slaverer ; a blubber-
lip.

baf jam, Much, many ; copious ;
cloths stretched upon spars of wood in
which people catch money scattered amongst
them.

bafda (— baftara), A decoy-bird.
t«>j*» ba-fardd, To - morrow ; until to-
morrow.

bi-farmd (imp. of farmudan), Com-
mand, say.

■^Xpt ba-firod, Down, downward.

h yti? bafsh, Magnificence, elegance,
pomp.

baf kin (in Zand and Pazand), An
upper chamber, gallery, or balcony on the
top of a house.

fM bafm., bafam, Sorrow ; weak, tired ; sad.
bafnaj, A kind of venomless serpent.

a ba-faur, Instantly, all at once.

a <ji baqq, A gnat ; a bug.

a oU} baqd' (v.n. of ^aj), Remaining ;
duration ; life, living ; permanency, per-
petuity, eternity ; — Mshwari baqd, The other
world, the everlasting kingdom.

a baqqdr, A dealer in cattle, a drover ;
a blacksmith ; name of a valley and of a
desert, said to be inhabited by demons ; a
sort of game.

A g^j biqd' (pi. of buq'at), Low places
where water stagnates ; low- lying tracts of
land ; buildings ; convents ; — biqd'i sipihr-
irtifd', Fabrics high as the heavens.

a SAcUj ba-qd'ida, Methodically (m.c).

a JU? baqqal, A greengrocer, a vendor of
provisions in general ; (in India) a grain-
merchant, a corn-chandler,

Jj^» baqdwal, baqdwul (for J^), Over-
seer of the kitchen.

a <^to? baqd'i, Endurance.

A *tUj baqdyd (pi. of baqiyat). Remain-
ders, remains ; balances, arrears, dues ;
balance of revenue ; — baqdyd'i bdqi, Out-
standing balances.

t i^J) buqcha, A knapsack, wallet, small
bundle.

ajjjij ba-qadr, According to, with regard
to, as to, in consideration of; by the power
of ; by means of ; to the extent or measure
of ; about, nearly, approximately (m.c.) ; —
ba-qadri mardiib-aih, According to his rank.

a baqr (v.n.), Cleaving, splitting ;
widening ; being fatigued ; looking for and

^ ( 194 ) j<i

discovering water (the hudhud or lapwing) ;
— baqar, Ox, bull ; cow, cattle.

a W/fc buqrat, Hippocrates ; — bukrdt md-
liku's-sahftat, Hippocrates, the king of
health.

a ^ baqar- id, A feast held in com-
memoration of Abraham's offering to sacri-
fice his son Ismail (according to the Sunnis),
or Ishaq (according to the ShI'ah).

a ueA* ., S> buqsumdt, Biscuits.

a & e* * ~it ba-qagmiya, By oath ; on oath.

a gi» baq' (v.n,), Going into any coun-
try ; provoking by opprobioua words and
false imputations; — baqa 1 (v.n.), Being
marked with black and white spots.

a £«a» buq'at, buq'a, A low place in which
water stagnates ; a place ; a house, an
edifice ; a convent.

a to» ba-qafd, In or at the back or rear ;
behind.

A Ja» baql, Herbage produced from seed ;
— buql, Spring herbs ; spring.

a baqlat, baqla, A leguminous plant, a
pot-herb ; — ba-qillat, In small quantity,
with scarcity ; sparsely.

TjWa» baqlanqdr, jUda* baqlanqdt, Name
of a certain animal with a black and white
neck, long legs, and a broad bluish snout.

A (A baqqam, baqam, Brazil-wood ; the
red dye extracted from it ; \baqami bunafsh,
Campeachy or logwood ; — baqami qirmiz,
Sapanwood ;] — buqum, The thorn-apple
(Datura stramonium).

a Jy^ ba-qaul, According to the saying
of ; according to ; — btiqul (pi. of baql),
Herbs, pot-herbs.

A baqiyai, baqiya, A remainder, resi-
due, remnant ; — baqlya'i eipah, The rest of
the soldiers, the remainder of the army.

a i^S) baqiyatl, Some remnants.

a >M> ba-qaid, With the limitation of ;
restricted by ; along with.

A QtA baqi', A place in which there are a
nnmber of trees ; — baqi'u 'l-giarqad, The
cemetery of Madina.

bah, Wild cucumber; a retreat, an.
asylum ; (S. bheka) a frog ; a f oreBt ; a wild
uncultivated country ; name of a city in
Transoxania ; — Mk, A live coal; — buk, The
cheek, face ; a pitcher with a short neck ;
ignorance, unskilfulness.

a bakk (v.n.), Bruising, knocking ;
tearing, rending; crowding.

a bah' or buk' (v.n.), Having little
milk (a camel or a Bheep) ; — baka', Name
of a plant.

a buka (v.n. of Weeping, cry-

ing, bewailing, lamenting; a complaint,
lamentation ; — zdr u buka kardan, To lament
and complain.

ba-Mr, At work; to use, useful;— ba-
hdri db budan, To be constantly drinking ; —
ba-kdr dmadan, To come to use, to serve, to
be of use, to be fit or useful;— ba-Mr

dwardan, To bring to use, to use, effect,
perfect ; to kill, to slay ; — ba-kdr burdan,
To use, to employ ; — ba-kdr naydmadani,
ba-kdr nd dyanda, Unserviceable, useless.

_>^> ba-kdr-dmad, What has become
useful ; true, according to fact.

a 5;^? bakdrat (v.n. of ^), Being a vir-
gin ; virginity; — also bikdrat (pi. of bakr),
Young (camels) ; — bakdrat giriftan, izdla'i
bakdrat kardan, To deflower a virgin.

a boko's, Name of two strong

places near Antioch.

yjj* iiVXf ba-hinhiz burdan, To promote
to the highest degree of honour.

a bakdlat, A kind of dish made of
flour.

bakawal, bakawul, A head cook, a
superintendent of the kitchen ; steward,
butler; cupbearer.

JjtXf bakdwali, Relating to a bakawal ;
cooking materials.

h (^!^» bakdyin, The Persian lilac.
bakbar, The purging cassia.
bakbaka, Frumenty, pottage ; a vil-
lain, corrupter, spoiler.

a £A bakkat, Ancient name of Mecca.

^5,US^ baktdsh, biktdsh, Name of an athlete
mentioned in the G-ulistan ; also of a king
of Knwatazm ; (imp. of a verb synonymous
■with khirdmidan) walk proudly !

ji>jib£) baktdnosh, A king of the genii.
baktar, <fcc. = y&t bagtar, Ac, q.v.

yU.^ baktusdn, Name of a certain sage ;
also of a poet.

•J^yA baktuah t A man's name.

a «t>y&) ba-kasrat, In abundance, plenti-
fully.

la-kujd, Whither ?
U^t bikkhd, Plain silk.
(jj^AjS* ba-kuddmin, How f in what man-
ner ?

a bakr, A young camel;— bikr, A
maid, virgin, girl; a camel which has
brought forth her first colt ; a woman de-
livered of her first and only child ; the first-
born (male or female, man or beast), the
first-fruit; the first of anything; — bikri
poshida-ruy (the veiled-faced virgin), bikri
mashtita-kjiixdn (theautumn-attiredmaiden),
An unbroached cask of wine ; the latter
also wine in general.

bukrdn, The inside of a pot, the
bottom of a pot ; also what is contained in
it, or, being burnt, adheres to the bottom ;
scalded in a pot.

<-=~ i -tf bikrdni bihisht, tff oV^* bikrdni
ckarklb, Virgins of Paradise ; the stars.

bakrd'i, Name of a fruit like the

citrou.

a i^i bakrat, A young she-camel ; a
pulley; — bukrat, The morning, the dawn.

jtay£f ba-kirddr, After the manner of,
like.

bakrai, A kind of waterproof

* (

woollen cloth of which hats and cloaks are
made.

<3)j*t bakrawi, A kind of fruit between an
orange and a lemon ; a great drinker.
s j*» bukra, A wine-house, a tavern.

baksir, Buxar, a town in Bahar

(India).

fc>*~~-£ hukswtan, To break; to be broken.
baknalak, Strong, robust (not sup-
ported by examples).

«i>U— x? baksamdt, Biscuit taken on a
journey.

buhsa, A fragment of meat.
bu-kusfiian, To kill (= j^AS q.v.).
*^ baksha, A swelling or tubercle on
the neck or body.

a US> ba-kaff, In the hand ; in hand ; — ba-
kaff awardan, To acquire ; to exhibit, to
display.

a ji) bakl, Preparing the dish baUlat.

a bukm (pi. of dbham), Dumb, mute
(persons).

{&< bakam, Brazilian wood.

y£> U-kan (imp. of leandan), Tear thou
up, dig; — ba-kun, bu-kun (imp. of kardan),
Do thou ;~bakan (?) kardan, To roast pea-
flour; to put dry powder into the mouth.

bakang, bikang, An animal that has
lost its tail.

a y£j httfow- (v.n. of >£>), Rising, going,
coming, visiting, or doing anything early in
the morning.

bakuk, A butt, mark, or target to
shoot at ; (also Jj£* balcul) a drinking-eup.
) *k but- u luk, Unequal ; ignorance.

^jS* bakunak A wooden scimitar.

6a- fct, To whom ? with whom p &c.

y^i bakhdn, y.>^» babhdyin, A sort of
grain.

C)Wjv£* balchiijtdn, Anything high in the
middle and sloping at each end; a little
pillow placed under a burden.

bikydsd, A small load placed on a

larger.

**~<A ba&iii, Ls«X> fcafeia, Grandees, nobles.
ba-gdh, In time ; morning ; the dawn ;
— ba-gahast, It is time.

T&t bagtar, A coat of mail, a cuirass.

bagtar-posh, Clad in armour.

^sp&> bagtarl, An armourer, who makes
coats of mail.

ij&> bugda, A large knife, cutlass,
chopper (m.c., see \±*>),

jUS) bu-guzdr (imp. of guzdshtari), Send
away, dismiss, let pass.

ifM&i bu-guzdghtan, To send away, dis-
miss, discharge, disband, permit to pass.

£}Jke>\.>j£} ba-garddnidan, To turn, convert,
avert, divert ; to turn the back ; to take a
turn.

ba-gard raft, He is gone to dust,
he is annihilated ; it is evaporated in smoke.

yj^j^i ba-gard'idan, To walk, to wander ;
to turn, change, alter ; — ba-gardidan az

195 ) h

chize, To decline or turn away from any-
thing.

t beg-mda, A prince's son ; a cava-
lier.

bi-gsil (imp. of gusilcJitan or gutis-
tan), Break off, &c.

(jjL&^j bagnhdn, An assembly of nobles.

bu-gasktan, To turn, to become
( = <j~i£ q.v.).

i& bagam, Brazilian wood used in dye-
ing ; — bigum, A queen ; the queen-mother ;
a lady of rank ; a respectable matron.

jWS? bi-gmdr (imp. of gumdshtan), Con-
quer thou, &c. ; — bu.gm.dr, A conqueror,
victor, superior.

jU£? bagman, Sorrow, grief ; a drinking-
glass ; an entertainment, a banquet ; — bag-
mdz kardan, To give a wine-party ; — bigmdz,
Wine ; a drinking-glass ; wine-drinking.

•w^s bagand, A bird's nest.

<i&£) bagang, An animal which has lost
its tail.

(_j*£t bugf%, Malt liquor, beer ; — bagni'i
arzan, Beer from millet.

£i bi-go, bu-gu (imp. of guftan), Say
thou.

t&t ba~gah, In time, in a certain time,
timely.

bagah-tar (comp. of the preceding),
Earlier, in better time.

bugir, bagiz, The purging cassia.

J? bal, The heel,— bil (for bihil), Let
alone, touch not, dismiss, send away ; (S.
vilva) name of a fruit ; — bul (from S.
bahula, or A. bu'l, pronounced bul?),
Much ; very ; many ; foolish, stupid.

a bal, But ; nay, no, on the contrary ;
yet, however; assuredly ; what do I say?

A Jt ball (v.n.), Moistening, softening,
sprinkling; recovering from indisposition;
bestowing upon ; — bill, Anything allowed or
permitted.

a h bild {bi-ld), Without, beyond ; — Hid
imhdl, Without delay ; — bild ihmdl, Without
neglect; — bild ta'kMr, Immediately, without
delay; — bild, tarVih, Disorderly, irregular,
inordinate ; — bild taraddud, Without hesita-
tion, without opposition ; — bild tasaiyul,
Without running or flowing ; — bild taehbih,
Beyond comparison, incomparably ; — bild
ta'b, Without trouble or fatigue ; — bild
ta'bir, Inexplicable ; — bild iawaqquf, With-
out waiting, immediately, at once ; — bild
hujjat, Without proof ; — bild harakat, Mo-
tionless, immovable; — bild sabab, With-
out cause; — bild shart, Unconditional; —
bdd shak, Without doubt, doubtlessly ; —
bild jfd'iZ, Unprofitable ; — bild talab, With-
out seeking; — bild 'iwaz, Without recom-
pense ; — bild fdsila, Without interruption,
immediately (m.c.) ; — bild fd'ida, Unprofit-
able ; — bild farq, Indifferently ; — bild qusur,
Without fail ; — bild viujib, Without cause ;
— bild muhdrasha, Without dispute; — bild

»*} ( 196 ) ^J,

wdBita, Without reason ; — bild wajh, With-
out motive, groundless ; — bild waswds,
Without apprehension • unhesitatingly.

A. *k bald' (v.n. of Tempting, trying;
trial, affliction, calamity, evil, ill ; a person
or thing accounted a trial, etc. ; evil genius,
evil spirit, devil, fiend ; — bald'i siydh, Con-
fusion, opposition, trouble.

a j-S»l !ft bald-angez, Stirring up mischief,
bringing trouble, calamitous.

Jm baldbil (A. pi. of bulbul), Nightin-
gales.

a t X? bald-boghmd, Vile trash, trum-
pery, rubbish.

*A bildba, An adultress, a courtezan ; an
obscene or idle talker; cajolery; bad,
naught, worthless ; — ibn bildba, A son of a
whore.

bildba-hdr. Unchaste, adulterous ;
a whoremonger ; a whore.

baldtigm, An iron or wooden

mace.

a ))A bald-parwar, Distressed, un-
happy, miserable (a lover).

B$* baldj, Reeds from which mats are
made ; a mat ; — buldj, = ©Uij q,v. (if not a
misreading).

)f>-h baldjur, A black bullock.

a <£<f* h bald-joy, Distressed, unhappy,
miserable (a lover).

a CXf ^ bald-chin, What averts cala-
mity (alms, a sacrifice, &c.).

baldd, DeBpised, contemptible, dis-
pleasing.

a <^h bildd (pi. of balad), Cities, coun-
tries, regions, habitations ; provinces, terri-
tories ; an inhabited country ; — bilddi
khwush numd, Splendid cities.

a balddai (v.n. of oJj), Eeing stupid ;
stupidity, Btolidity.

balddar, The ornaments of a woman,
particularly ornaments of gold worn on the
head ; — balddur, The marking nut Semecar-
pus anacardium.

(jjJ'h bal&duri. An anacardium electuary.

jyih balddur, Anacardia ; — bald dur, Far
be the evil (phrase used to avert an evil
omen).

balddah, bildda, Depraved, perverse,
mischievous.

balar, Root of a thorny shrub.
balldr, Crystal.
t& baldraj, A stork.

baldrak, Indian steel ; an Indian
sword ; the wavy surface of a sword.
tj)h balldri, Crystalline.
a h bald-mda, Stricken with adversity.

bildxh, Without cause or reason.
a <j*k balds (for P. palde), A hair-cloth,
sackcloth ; a mattress.

QjtLJii balaedgAun, A city in Turkistan.
yj*-!^ baldsidan, To have a wrinkled,
rugged, or unequal surface (especially any-
thing of a globular form, as a melon) ; to

wither, dry, and shrivel (as fruit) before it
be ripe.

<j*ytr~h baldsiyus, A matter like glass
found at the sea-shore.

J>>h baldsh, Scientific, skilful ; name of a
king ; also of a city ; — bildsh (for A. bild-
shayin), Without cause or reason, without a
why or wherefore.

>>j**S< baldshjird, «>j£*J^ baldshgird, Name
of a city four leagues from Marw.

a ti} baldt, Level ground, a smooth pave-
ment of stones, bricks, tileB, or earth; a
flag-stone or brick used in pavements ; name
of several places.

a £i» balld', An enormous eater ; a glut-
ton.

A baldgA, Arrival ; transmitting, de-
livering a message.

a bald'jhat (v.n. of Being elo-

quent; eloquence, flow of words ; rhetoric-
maturity ; — niazmuni baldjfAat-mashhun,
The eloquent contents.

jj^h baldghur, A stranger, a refugee.

baldq, The feet of long trousers or
drawers ; — btddq, An ornament worn in the
nose.

a baldqi' (pi. of balqa'), Uninhabited

countries.

a j£ h bald-hash, Unhappy, miserable,
afflicted.

a ylJji' bald-garddn, Warding off or
averting evil.

Jfc» baldl, Root of the plant Azarboya.

A JSi» baldl, Moisture, humidity, freshness
(of youth or young plants) ; water ; — bildl,
Name of the crier who annoubced to the
people when Muhammad said prayers.

*&&h baldlak, Excellent steel ; an Indian
sword.

a jAh baldttr (pi. of balldr or billaur),
Crystals ; beryls.

a s-iyas &f bald-nasib, Afflicted, unfortu-
nate.

a h bald-nosh, One who eats any-
thing vile or unclean ; one who eats indis-
criminately.

ah baldna, A work left unfinished or in-
complete.

a <Wl» baidhat (v.n. of <sl»), Doating, being
weak in judgment, foolish, ignorant; stu-
pidity.

iih baldya, bildya, A whore ; an impudent
man or woman ; corrupted, degenerate, bad,
sorry.

y &ih baldya-qaz, A kind of coarse silk of
little value.

j£ i>h baldya-kdr, Whorish (woman).

a JWi» balbdl, Anxiety, anguish, grief,
vexation; affliction; a wolf; — bilbdl (v.n. of
Q), Being subject to evil suggestions
or temptations ; being exceedingly grieved.

<^tk balabdn (ba-labdn), A musical in-
strument played with the lips, Jew's
harp.

^ (

0*^*1* halabani, A performer on the
balahun.

balbaka, Fresh butter.
bnZ6a7, = a1*1» q.v. \~bulbul, The bul-
bul, a, bird with a melodiouB voice, the
nightingale, celebrated by the Eastern poets
as "the lover of the rose"; hence met. a
lover ; a little king, viceroy ; — bulbuli bu-
ttani ma zdgji. The nightingale of the garden
of us crows, i.e., poor miserable creatures
(an epithet of Muhammad) ; — bulbul ehu-
dan, To faJl in love ; to become confused ;
— bulbuli tumbur, The bridge of a guitar
(comp. yt. and df.) ; — bulbul hardan. To
enamour ; to confuse ; — bulbuli ganj, An
owl.

balbaldni, A kind of sweetmeat.

a iLk balbalat {v.n. of Q), Mixture,
confusion of languages ; division in
opinions ; a scattering of furniture ; a black
pearl; evil suggestions; — bulbulat, A jug
with a spout at the side of the head ; a tra-
velling litter for ladies.

/♦"H- J*^* bulbul-chashm, ^j**}- J-W bulbul-
chashmi, A sort of silk.

yU~14> bulbulistan, A place abounding
in nightingales.

a fcty* bulbul-mitulj , Of an amorous
disposition.

T J**t bulbul-nawd, Melodious as a
nightingale.

^Mf balbala, The gurgling of water when
poured from a bottle ; anguish of spirit ; a
drinking-vessel with a spout ; butter ;
liquor ; leather ; a root : a camel-litter (see
A.

t^Mi bulbuli, A firkin ; wine ; leather, thin
and dyed in various colours ; a kind of
apricot.

y-l» balban, Purslain.

<j»y& balhls (Q. /SoA/?os), A wild onion ;
garlick ; a kind of poppy.

balbais, bttlbais, A town in Egypt.
a ilj ballat, Being moist ; — billat, Mois-
ture, freshness.

biltii, Name of a medicine.
a gij balaj (v.n.), Separation of the eye-
brows ; brightness of the morning.

baljam (= balgham), Phlegm.
<d-i*tk baljik, Belgium (m.c. from Ft.
Belgique).

a balah. Unripe dates (being in the
middle state between husr and khaldl,
which signify also unripe dates in different
stages).

a ba-likag, In reBpect or considera-
tion of ; with regard to.

^ balkh, One of the capitals of Khu-
riisiln (Transoxania) , about ten parasangs
or leagues from the Oxus or JThun.

a {dj balkh, bilkji, Proud, haughty ; —
bdktkh., Pride, haughtiness.

balkhaeh, balakhach, Vitriol, black
tincture.

97 ) &

| balJc^am, A sling.

A ^ balad, A city, town, district, province,
country; (met.) at home, i.e. conversant
with, capable of, equal to ; hence a guide to
others, a conductor, escort, convoy ; — balad
shudan, To be able to, to be fit for, to
know (m.c.) j — zabdni ruti baladi, Do you
know Russian ? (m.c.) ; — fuldn ch^rd balad
nlstam, I cannot do such and such a thing
(m.c).

a <£dt bulddn (pi. of balad), Cities ;
countries.

A i^k baldat, balda, A city ; the twenty-
first mansion of the moon ; a part of the
heavens having few stars ; the breast, the
chest ; (also buldat) the space between the
eyebrows and the root of the nose.

a c^l? baldah, Name of a valley near
Mecca, and of a mountain near Juddah.

t (#e* j^lj buldur-jm, )<&t buldur-chm,
A quail ''m.c.).

balda, Eve, the first woman.

a ct«>.ilj baladlyat, Knowledge, acquain-
tance (m.c.) ; — baladiyat hardan, To make
acquainted (with a place), to show about
(m.c).

a balas. Wicked, profligate (man) ; a
kind of white fig, or a fruit resembling it;
— bulus, buls (also — !-» bulmn), Lentils.

a y^— k balasdn, bafadn, The balsam-tree ;
balsam; balm of Gilead.

«■=—• 1? bilist, A span.

balask, A swallow ; — bilisk, An iron
spit ; a piece of iron, flat at one end, for
detaching bread from the sides of the oven ;
— bulusk, and —

•stilj bulushk, An iron or stick with
which meat is hung up to roast.

yltalf balidn, y^UJ* bait avian, Beet, spiuage.

a *W <-AU) bUlutJi 'llahita'dld, By the
favour of God Most High.

A gli bala' (v.n.), Swallowing; — bula', A
hole in the centre of mill-stones or pulleys ;
a glutton ; — sa'di bula', The twenty -third
lunar mansion (distinguished by two stars,
the one bright, the other faint, as if de-
voured by the other).

a bal'am, A glutton, one who greedily
devours ; Balaam ; — bul'um, The gullet.

A/i-^ bel'ambar (contr. from banu 'I-
'aybar), Name of a tribe of Tamim.

a (j4**l* bal'idan, To swallow, to devour.
bul'iim, The gullet.

A eW* bulaghd' (pi. of balijfti), Eloquent
men.

a bv.lgh.ar, Bulgaria (by some Persian
commentators explained as " a place abound-
ing in caves," bu '1-gh.dr) ; perfumed leather,
Russian leather.
a csj^lj bulgkari, Russian leather.
a bulg&dq, for P. —
«s)Ul* bulgA&k, Clamour, altercation,
m yl*W bulgkdn, The Scythian weasel,
sable.

& (

a <J*1? buljfiat, A little ; sufficient to sus-
tain life.

bulgfcud, A heap, a pile.
balgkada, Fetid, addled \~lulghuda,
Heaped up ; a quilting or padding.
a bulgkar, Bulgaria.

bulghur, Coarsely ground wheat, &c.

(see

^jhU} balghirdd, Belgrade.
<U£Al< bulghushna, A running knot, a
noose.

a balgham. (probably from G. ^Xey/ta),
Phlegm (one of the four humours of the
body).

,js**l| balghaml, Phlegmatic.

JJl *l* bulgjmnd, A heap ; heaped.

^Jo*l> balghandar, An expression of praise ;
also of reviling ; — bulgjiandar, A man of no
religion.

e-UAl} balgkunda, balghanda, A knapsack,
a wallet, a load for a man's back ; stopped
(circulation of blood) ; — bulghunda, Heaped
up.

t bulghiir, Bruised barley or wheat ; a
dish made of the same ; anything pounded.

<y>*ij balghuna, Thought, meditation (un-
supported by examples) ; — bulghuna, Paint
for the face (especially of yellow colour).

U-*ac4* balfakhtan. To gain, to acquire.

gA-jAl* balfarafchj, Vile, hideous, impure.

a ijlj balq (v.n. of ,31*), Opening wide (a
door) j — balaq (v.n.), Being black and white
(horses, cattle).

jVsl} bulqCtq, = jUl} q.v.

yi&i bulqadar, A fellow of no religion.

A gsl< balqa', An uncultivated, unin-
habited country.

j.Uali balqandar, Reproach ; — bulqandar,
Faithless, irreligious.

a y-^al? bilqis, Name of the Queen of
Sheba.

<aU> bilk, A spark ; fire; — balk (for bal-ki),
But, however; — bilak, First-fruits ; anything
new or elegant ; a pretty little bird ; a gift ;
— bilik, Adhesiveness ; — buluk, A large,
prominent eye.

bulkdina, Eager, desirous, sanguine.
bilkis, butkus. The coping of a wall.
bulkafd or bilkifd, A bribe given to
a judge.

8A4il} bulkafda, A bribe to a judge.

*nii\i bilkak, bilkal, Tepid water.

balkan, balgan, A machine for

raising or throwing stones ; abalista; the
coping of a wall.

a bal-ki, But, however, perhaps ; nay,
no ; still more ; moreover ; besides ; rather,
on the contrary.

J&j bulgul, Tepid water.

is^^l? bulgunjak, bulgaiijak, Anything
new, strange, or laughable; a buffoon.

a balal, Moisture, humidity ; fresh-
ness ; — bilal (pi. of billat), Moistures; hu-
midities

198 ) ^

^ balma, Thick ; a vast pile ; smooth
(beard).

gUi; bulmaj, bulamdj, Soup, broth.
yj^Uij balmaUdan, To mutter to one-
self, to be vexed, indignant, to bear with
impatience.

Oyb balmiin, A thorny plant, called in
Arabic 'arfaj.

t+b balma, Long-haired (man) ; a step, a
stair ; (also bulma) hair thick and long,
(ji^j balma-rish, A large beard.
balanj, Mlinj, Measure ; quantity.
bulanjd (for buland jd), A high

place.

l^ilt bilinjdsp, oU^d* bilinj&sf,
Southernwood.

balanjmushk, The wild tamarisk.
J^k baland, buland, High, sublime, ele-
vated, exalted, tall ; loud ; dignified ; [ba-
land uftddan, To rise high (price, value,
gain); — baland anddkMan, To praise highly ;
baland bar-ddsMan, To exalt, extoll, elevate ;
— baland-parwdzi kardan, To aspire, soar; —
baland dldan, To look or behave respectfully,
to admire, revere, honour; — baland nhudan.
To be high ; to be lifted (a sword, &c.) ; to
be loug (night, &c.) ; to rise (m.c.) ;— baland
shudani gosha'i abru, Superciliousness ; irri-
tability ; — baland shunldan, To be hard of
hearing ; — baland kardan, To elevate, raise,
exalt, aggrandize ;] — baland, bilind, The
lintel of a door or window ; the four posts
(i.e. jambs, lintel, and threshold) of a door.

jid-T Jul) baland-dkhtar, High- starred,
lucky.

a sj\>1 Jul} baland-irdda, Ambition ; ambi-
tious.

a aaIj baland-arkdn, Raised on lofty
pillars.

CjLfc^ jedj baland-dshydn, Building his nest
in high places.

aA} baland-afaar, Who wears a lofty

crown.

a JWfl Jul} baland-iqbdl, Of lofty fortunes.
a Jiil) baland-iqtiddr, High in power.
yj-j^jLilj balanddnidan, To cause to exalt
or to be exalted.

jiyf juIij baland-dwaz, Having aloud voice;
in high repute.

baland-bdz, Who plays for high

stakes.

Jul) baland-bdld, Of a high stature.
aaIj baland-bdng, Sonorous-voiced;
stentorian,
et^. Jui* baland-bakht, Of lofty fortunes,
jud} balund-Un, Aspiring; spiritual,
initiated in sacred mysteries.

&>Vj jjOi baland-pdya, Placed in a high situ-
ation.

y^Ailj baland-par,)\))l ^ baland-parwaz,
Of 'lofty flight, flying high.

^Sji jlJij baland-par-i, Thou art flying
high l—baland-parT, A lofty flight; ambi-
tion ; boasting, self-glorification.

( 199 )

(^y^ilf balandtarin, The highest.

^to idj baland-taldsJi, Who pursues high
objects of study ; aspiring.
6^ Ail* baland-jdh, Exalted in dignity.
a &Lt>j=» AiL baland-kausala, Ambitious.
Aili baland-dosk, High-shouldered.
balandar (for balandtar), Higher.
U*)-^ balandarln (for balandtarin),
Highest.

AiU A-ij baland-sdyah, Granting powerful
protection ; most gracious or merciful.

a js&e ^ baland-safir, "Whistling or sing-
ing in shrill tones.

a £*U Ailj laland-qilmat, Of high stature,
tall (m.c.).

a s-S"/ Adj baland-kaukab, Of lucky star.
aU< baland-girdy, Aspiring.

a J*" Ail< baland-mahall, baland-
martaba, ^ baland-makdn, Of high

place, rank, or station.

I»U Aiij baland-nam, Highly renowned .

p baland-nazar (a.), »V& jjJ* baland-
nigdh, Aspiring.

Ailj baland-nawd, High- voiced.

is — > , Ail< baland n past, High and low ;
heaven and earth ; up hill and down dale
(m.c).

sa>a > y Ailj baland-u-past-dida, Who
has Been good, and evil days, experienced.

a aUj baland-himmat, High-minded,
of lofty aspirations.

^jaJj balandi, Sublimity, height, exalta-
tion; summit, eminence.

yAjAilj balandidan, To exalt ; to be
exalted.

,^\jS (^Ail* balandi-girdy, Bent on lofty
things.

(j^Ail} balandln, The jambs, beams, or
posts of a doorway ; the lintel.

balangmueht, « sU -.»£>l) balang-
muskk. The wild tamarisk.

QAa&if bulangidan, To halt, to limp.
l y-W^ bilniyds, Pliny.
a fcdiw (v.n.), Examining, trying,
making an experiment.

\y< balwd, Disturbance ; disobedience ; a
concourse.

bilwaz, balwaz, sj\y> balwdm, The ex-
tremity of a beam or joist, projecting
beyond the wall.

balwdzha, Glass.
balwdya, A swallow.
taUjlj bulutak, A drinking-vessel.
a sjlj 6mZwj (v.n. of glj), Shining forth,
flashing.

buluch, A wart ; a cock's comb ; a bit
of fleBh, which is cut off in female circum-
cision ; a vane, a weathercock ; a coping-
stone on a wall or a roof ; — buluch, buloch,
Name of a wild tribe living on the bank of
the Indus.

jy? bulud, Oldness, antiquity.

m^j buluda. Old.

A _yl» ballur, billaur, bulUr, Crystal ;

beryl; [buluri alwdn, Coloured glasses; —
buliiri dbi, The finest kind of crystal ;] —
billaur, Brave ; thick, large, bulky ; name
of a king.

« <sjfo ballurl, buluri, ^tjf^i bulurm, Made
of crystal.

j.\as\ (^y? bulurln-anddm, U*;/' bulu-
rln-tan, With a body or limbs like crystal.

**H fcKy^ bulurin-panja, With a hand
whose fingers resemble crystals.

a tfjylf bulftrin-sd'id, With an arm
iike crystal.

bulurin-gdq, (jty* i^ij^i bulurin-
surm, With thighs like crystal.

jy> baluz, A Targe table-cloth (doubtful
word).

balus, Deceit, flattery ; humility,
submission ; — also bulm, A. deceiver, a
flatterer.

l jj-ji} buhls, Paul (the apostle).

(j^sk-yj balustiyun (Qt. /JaXavtmov), Pome-
granate-flowers.

a ty» balliit, An acorn ; an oak ; a ches-
nut-tree (see ty* »U. shxh-ballut).

a gy? Wide, open (mouth of a pot).

a bulugji, ^y* bulugtot (v.n. of £l>),
Arriving at a place ; obtaining an object ;
arriving at the age of puberty, the years of
discretion or reason ; maturity, puberty, full
age, adolescence, manhood ; — danddni bu-
luah. A wisdom-tooth.

a i-iy* bulughiyat, Puberty, the age of
reason.

cs)y> baluk, buluh, A cup of wine; — buliik,
A tract of country which a subject obtains
either by gift, purchase, or succession,
holding of the sovereign upon feudal
tenure; a district (m.c.) j camel's dung;
the lark ; (= •*>}&)) a target.

^tfy* bulukdt (pi. of the preceding),
Peoples, nations ; districts.

(jjy» balun, A chaplet, garland ; a gorget j
a handkerchief ; a road, way ; — bulun, A
servant.

^Aiy? balwandak, A wooden sword.

<£ky< balunak baluna), A wooden

sword ; — buluwxk, = jsjyj buliik, q.v.

a Jjjj balwd, Trial ; affliction.

a bulk (pi. of ablah), Weak, silly,
simple, ignorant, unskilful.

a <U bulhdna, Like fools, most foolishly.

h Aij ai) bila-band, Disposition of lands ;
settlement, regulation,

bulhos (probably from A. bu 'I*
hawa8), Very desirous, libidinous.

,_y} bale, Yes.

a ui>y> baliydt (pi. of bally at), Misfor-
tunes, griefs, trials ; evils, afflictions.

balydd, A plain (according to others,
a black) garment.

^■Ulj balydsh, Name of a king of
Khwarasmia.

yLlj balyan, Name of a prophet ; also of a

( 200 )

village where many holy men are said to
be buried.

a ballyat, Temptation, a sore trial;
sorrow, misfortune.

bilij, Quantity, measure ; a span.

a balikh, Name of a river in Meso-
potamia.

a *tb balld, Stupid, doltish, one who can-
not by any means be stimulated to exer-
tion ; blockhead, dunce.
_ a £al> ballgh., Eloquent ; effectual, effica-
cious ; mature ; copious ; — sa'yi balicrft, A
great effort.

a <uU«it ballglidna, Eloquently.

J«ii balil, Belleric myrobalau.

%k balild, Name of the Caliph Ali said
to be mentioned in the Gospel,

a baleldna, Fit to be worn by

Balel, i.e. Bilal, Muhammad's Mu'azzin (a
dress).

*M» baltla (A. balUaj) , Belleric myro-
balan.

u-^~J* balinds, u-y«J+ ballnus, A philoso-
pher at Sikandar's court.

,*> bam, The "bass or lowest string, having
the deepest tone ; beating and thumping the
head ; (for bam) roof ; name of a fortress in
Karmfm.

k pi bamm, The bass string of a lute or
harp ; — bumm (for bum), An owl.
U} ba-md, To us.

a »jU* ba-madda, In the matter of, on the
subject of ; by reason of.

<jjUj }>i.man (from t)^^*), Remain, stay.

i^iU; ba-mdnda, Fixed ; tired, fatigued,
spent.

a ba-mawa, Under shelter or protec-
tion ; — ba-mdwd shudan, To take refuge
■with.

if ba-masaba'i kih, To such a degree

that.

a JA*} ba-mid, Like, resembling; — ba-
masal, For example.

a >>^*j ba-mujarrad, Immediately, in-
stantly ; only ; — ba-mujarradi didani o, At
the bare sight of him.

a ba-madad. With the aid of ; by
means of.

a jlti A*i bi-maddi nazr, As far aB eye can
see.

a ^SVai^i bu-nvuhdza, Opposite (m.c.).

a ba-mahz, As soon as, at the

moment when (m.c.).

a t^ij+t ba-martaba, To or in a degree ; to
such a degree ; by many degrees ; ever so
much.

a ba-marur, In the lapse of ; in a cer-
tain space of time; ago (m.c).

a tfi^ ,y*+i ba-ma'nd dnki, To the intent
that.

a Wa+i bi-muqtazd, In conformity with,
according to the requirement of.

usXa+j bimank, *s&** bamang, Affliction,
distress.

t= j.> j< bamankidan, q ^Cu ; bamangldan
To murmur ; to be afflicted ; to perish ; to
be buried ; to set (as the sun).

a ^AjM ba-muwdjaha, In presence, face
to face.

a s-~»-j*j ba-miijib, According to, conform-
ably to.

p*i ba-muhr, Sealed ; — Mta'i ear ba-muhr,
A sealed bag (or purse).

ban, A garden, a sown field ; harvest ;
Persian turpentine seed (called also wan) ;
— bard kohl, A kind of herb used in cooking ;
— bun (Z. buna, S. budhna), Root, basis, foun-
dation ; podex ; the bottom ; the stern of a
ship ; extremity, point, end, tip (of any-
thing) ; a "Wind of sourish drink or gruel
prepared for assisting and promoting diges-
tion ; a cluster of dates ; the trunk of a
tree ; issue, result ; — 6mm. afgandan, To draw
up, to plan ; — buni ba&ht bar zamin mail-
dan, To establish one's fortune firmly ; —
buni baghal, The arm-pit (or root of the
arm) ; — buni bini, The tip of the nose ; the
root or higher part of the nose next to
the eyebrows ; — buni khosha, Stalk of
grapes or corn ; — buni daman, The ground ;
— buni daman ehabistdn kardan, To sleep
upon the ground; to keep watch; to give
oneself over to meditation; — buni daman,
The extremity or hem of a garment ; the
ground ; — buni danddn, The gums ; sub-
mission, obedience ; purpose, intention ; a
treasure, a store ; savings laid by ; — buni
ran, The groin ; — buni kdr khwurdan, To
be anxious about the issue or consequences
of a matter ; — buni kishtl, The poop or
stern of a vessel ; — buni koh, The base of a
mountain ; — buni gosh, The soft part of the
ear ; respectful attention, submission ; — at
bun bar-ka?idagl, Extirpation ; — az buni
danddn (gosh, ndkhun), a& buni si u du
(i.e. the thirty-two teeth), Most submis-
sively, with the utmost obedience ; — bar
kandani bun, Tearing up by the roots ; —
bekji u bun, The root and foundation.

a & bin (for ^ ibn), Son (of) ; — bunn,
bun, A coffee-bean; coffee before it is
roasted,

a »W bind' (v.n. of i y>), Building, erect-
ing an edifice ; an edifice, fabric, structure,
building -, foundation, basis, motive, source,
origin ; beginning, commencement ; [bind
bar-ddshtan, To raise a building high ; —
bind shud, It was settled (m.c.) ; — bind
guzdshtan, To set to, to begin (m.c.) ; —
bind kardan (kaahldan, numudan), To build,
erect, rear ; — bind nihddan bar, To rely
upon, to trust in;] — bannd', A builder,
mason, architect ; — bannd u kdrgar, Builder
and workman; — bannd u rni'mur, Architect
and builder.

<^>^i bundh (bun-db), The bottom or depth
of water.

a bindbar (bind-bar), Because of

Uj ( 201

Undbar an, Because of that, therefore ; —
Undbar In, Because of this, wherefore.
bandba, A time, a turn.
a. «i>W bandi (pi. of bint), Daughters ;
children's dolls ; — bandti gardun, The stars;
=bandshi gardiin, below; — bandt u 'n-na'sh,
The constellation of the Bear (as-sughrd, The
Lesser Bear, al-kubrd, The Greater Bear) ; —
bandti nabdt, The tender herbage ; — bandshi
gardun (corruption of bandln 'n-na'shi gar-
dun), The three stars in the tail of the
Bear).

a banddir (pi. of bandar), Sea- ports.

SjjLj banddirat (A, pi. of P. bundd.r),
Dealers in precious stones, who keep close
to the mines ; forestallors, regraters (see
j\A4 hnnddr).

a ^jU> banddiq (pi. of bunduq), Balls for
cross-bows, musketry, or cannon.

a i^jUj banddiq (pi. of bunduq), Cross-
bows ; muskets.

s y*>^4 bandris, Benares,

E 5 ;^ bandrinj, bandranj, A shepherd, a
pastor.

bindst, Turpentine.
bandslb, Persian turpentine seed.
a jAi> bandsir (pi. of yl), Ring-fingers.
£W bandyk, A ball of raw thread or yarn ;
a scribe ; a fellow wife ; (corap. £W,).
a bindhar, binagar, A builder.

bund-gosh, The cavity behind the
ear, or the lower part of the ear ; — bunugoeh
kardan, To raise the uvula of a new-born
babe; to Bubmit, to obey; — bar bundgosh
zadan, To box the ear ; to make aware of ;
to instigate ; to reprove.
ijAj^W bund-gosM, A box on the ear.
ba-ndin, By name; in the name of;
renowned, famous; — bi-ndm, Of the same
name; synonymous.

ba-namimd, In the name of God !
0 heaveu ! how beautiful ! charming ! ex-
cellent !

a bandn, The fingers ; the tips of the
fingers; — bindn, Odours, smells,

a &Uj bandnat, A finger ; a finger-tip.
bandnj, <krW bandnja, A fellow wife;
a man -who has two wives, a bigamist.

i)W ban-dwar, bun-dwar, A sore calted a
felon; — bundwar, Anything with a botLom,
root or base ; deep.

■a^t bindwand, Restraining, confining.

Wif bandba, A dish composed of the fruit
ban.

jtM bambar, An Indian medicine, Sebes-
tens.

ttf bun-bast, > bun-basta, A
blind alley or street.

J*^ bambal, A sour apple ; a crab ;
anything acid.

yr* bainbu, Bamboo (Bambusa arundi-
nacea).

a >a~u bint, A daughter, a girl ; — bintu 'l-
jabal (laughter of the mountain), Echo j —

) Ajj

bintu 'l-'inab, bintu 'l-'unqud (daughter of
the grape), Wine.

&*yJ* bantuma, Mistletoe, missledine.
a. ^ banj, Henbane, a, soporific herb ;
(probably contraction of bandnj, q.v.) a
fellow wife ; — binj, Root, origin, stock,
family ; a knot.

h ijV^i) banjdra (S. banij-kdraka), A
I dealer in grain, who supplies armies in the
field.

, «jae«j banjara, A hole, opening, door (see

'

i utU-asAi binjishk, A sparrow.

y^j usLi.^ binjishk-zuwdn, Sparrow's
tongue, a herb.

<^%^ bvnjak, Carded cotton.
a banjanpist (forpewy angunht),

Cinquefoil.

(jju^ banjtdan, To be friendly ; to assist;
to cut into pieces, divide, bruise ; to do,
make ; to rise.

<*^i bunicha, A corporate body of arti-
ficers, a guild.

>»-4 band, A band, tie, fastening, liga-
ment, ligature, bandage, chain, shackle,
fetter, mauacle ; a knot, joint, belt, girdle,
or anything by which bodies are joined,
bonnd, or fastened together; a joint of the
finger, knee, or any other part; a inound,
dam, dike, or any enclosure of water ; a
lock ; an iron plate, band, or hoop ; a tent-
rope ; a yoke (of oxen) ; the handle of a
knife, the hilt of a sword ; a quantity of
paper (equal to ten dasta), half a ream; a
roll (of parchment) ; a bundle ; a kind of
verse, wherein the same line recurs at stated
intervals as a burden ; an occupation which
ties to the spot ; durance, captivity ; afflic-
tion, sorrow ; a pledge, a deposit ; oath,
treaty, agreement ; hope, expectation, de-
sire ; idea ; imposture, deceit, hypocrisy,
trick ; a twist, trick, sleight, or manoeuvre
in wrestling ; a share of spoil ; a kite ; name
i of a country ; (imp. of baatan) bind thou ;
(in comp.) maker, causer, contriver, com-
poser, compiler, captivator, &c. ;— bandi
arbdb, A kind of horse-play, the person
upon whom it is practised being suspended
by his feet tied together with one end
of a rope, while the other end is thrown
j across a branch of a high tree and given into
■ his hand, until exhaustion forces him to drop
it, when he is caught up by his tormentors
on a raised blanket or mattress ; — bandi
izdr, The string of the drawers; — bandi an-
gusht, The knuckle ; — bandi ahanln, An iron
cbain ; — band buz (wd-) Icardan, To loosen,
: to untie ; — band bastan, To wish, hope for,
expect ; — bandi jan kashidan, To be violently
in love ; — bandi jurdb, A garter (m.c.) ; —
j band dar bandi qabd bdfian, To unite, to iu-
| termix, to mingle ; — bandi da.st, The wrist;
i band shitdan, To be bouud, restrained, pro-
j hibited, prevented ;— bandi shatranj, Check

( 202 )

at chess ; — bandi shimshlr, A sword-belt ; —
bandi shakr-ydr, Name of a note in music ;
— band farmudan, To be put in prison; —
bandi kar Ttardan, To complete a business ;
— band kardan {farmudan), To bind, to tie ;
to imprison, confine, detain ; — -band kusha-
dan, To untie; — bandi na.i (nai-shakar), The
space between two joints of a sugar-cane;
— dar band shudan, To be labouring; to
compose ; — dar bandi kaee budan, To be
under an obligation to one.

s^A*} band-db (bandi db), A dyke, em-
bankment; an island ; contiguous.

bundad, A foundation; a prop ; ori-
gin, root.

j\aa> bun-dar, Firm, solid, fundamental,
certain, established; knowing, intelligent;
rich, possessing warehouses, granaries, or
other repositories ; a forestaller, regrater,
engrosser ; whoever lays up anything in
magazines, in order to enhance the price,
a monopolist ; also a dealer in slaves or
horses, who sets them off to advantage, in
order to sell them dearer ; name of an an-
cient poet.

tS^.V4 banddrl, A particle of similitude.

yjUl-uj bandafilvn (Gr. wivrdfaXkov) ,
Cinquefoil.

ju-j banddq, A kind of high mitre-like
cap worn by the dervishes or qalandars,

je-\ ^ band-am^r, Name of an embank-
ment near Shirftz, so called from Amir the
maker.

(_sjW juj band-bdzi, Rope-dancing.

iS)^ band-bakuri, A kind of herb.
band-bast, — o~~ i )^ q.v.

<«U. ^ band-khdna, Prison, house of cap-
tivity ; — band-khdna'i nai, The interval be-
tween two joints of a sugar-cane.

c^-J^ bundukht. The face, the counte-
nance.

bundad (for bundad), Root, founda-
tion.

bandar, A city ; an emporium ; a port,
harbour, trading town, to which numbers of
foreign merchants resort ; (= **>)<*) straits;
a mountain pass ; an ambush ; — bundiir,
Name of a city.

jjjl^ bandars, bundarss, A packing-needle.

B^jJuj bandar-gdh, A port, emporium,
pass.

bandaruz, = )^ q.v.
gj^xa bandritgh, A dam or barrier, either
to form a reservoir of water, or to divert its
course.

i_r>J^ bandash, Carded cotton ; — bandish,
Termination, resolve; fastening; engraving,
enchasing (of gold or silver) ; invention,
contrivance ; the preparing a false story,
trumping up a false account ; elegance of
style ; name of a country.

a bunduq, A filbert nut ; any missile
which is shot from cross-bows, balistiis,
&c. ; a cannon or musket-ball; — bunduq

shikastan, To smack the lips ; to give
kiss ;—bunduqi hindi, An Indian nut.

^.yiAij bunduqchi, A musketeer.

ajSjuj bunduqa, A little ball ; a roun
stone.

bunduqi,A fusilier (m.c).

<h*^ bunduqlya, A gun, a pistol (m.c).

osUaj bandak, Cotton cleansed of the seec
and ready for spinning.

olAi band-kushad, A joint, a ligamen
ajj band-kasha, A bolt, bar; servitud<

2j£ jkii band-koh, A mountain fortress.

yVSj^ bandagdn (pi. of banda), Bondmei
servants, slaves ; — bandagani bi-riyd, Sii
cere servants ; — bandagani hazrat, Servanl
of God.

i\S Aij band-gdh, A joint ; place (of
joint) ; a place of obstruction.

banda</J, Servitude, ministry, dev<
tion ; bondage ; compliment ; — bandaai ka-
da,n. To render service, to serve, to worshi
yt$ ^4 band-fir, A fine cement made <
chalk, with oil and cotton, or ox-hair, en
ployed in the construction of baths ; a Jar;:
beam, the main support of a house ; nan
of a tree.

bandima, A button.
bandan, To bind, fasten; to propos
design, desire.

tyy> ^ band-ndyittha, Litter from stalks.
AJJu} bandina, A coat-button.
Jaa} bandant, Anything used for tyiu
or binding ; a bundle, a truss.

bandu, The tike; the canker-worm.
bandawd, Acid ; a certain bitti

plant.

u\^m> banda w ana, A kind of water-melo
j ju) band-u-bast, Settlement for rei
or taxes; arrangement; securing, manag
ment; military discipline.

<_ 7 s~-? j band-u-badi, Belonging to
settlement ; a fine ; arrangement, econom

j^jjj bandilr, The imaginative faculty ;-
bundur, Pack-thread.

gyiij bandwargji, bandiviargji, A dai
weir.

j^Ai! banduz, A packing-needle.

jSjAi) bunduq, A musket.

^^j.jjXu bunduqchl, Musketeer; rifle-ma

p bju) banda, Bound, fastened, fixe
chained; included, contained, shut up;
servant, slave, bondman, domestic ; follow*
by a verb in the first person sing., =
(m.c.) ; quicksilver ; (in compos.) a keepe
— banda'i bi-miqddr, A servant witho
power, a most humble servant ; — bandi
dargdh, The slave of (your) threshold ;•
banda'i shikam, The slave of his belly ;■
banda'i sddiqu 'l-ik?tsds ( banda'i mukhlii
A most devoted and affectionate servant ;■
banda'i farman, Obeying commands, su
ject to the orders, obedient, obsequious ;■
banda u basta kardan, To bind, to oblige.

j^jj imi banda-parwar, Cherisher of slav

( 203 )

(a respectful expression used in addressing
a superior).

UU. tAx) banda-khana, House of (your)
servant, i.e. my house (when speaking to a
superior).

ao\j s,x 4 banda-zdda, Son of your slave,
i.e. my son.

o^ 1 / s>W banda, - giri/tagl, Captivity,
slavery.

isifin, banda-girtfta, Taken prisoner.

jty ixu t banda-nawaz, Kind to servants.

ijf^ bandl, Bound, chained, imprisoned ;
a prisoner; a Muhainmadan captive.
bandiydn, Prisoners, captives.

A*l*iAi» bandi-khdna, House of bondage,
prison.

e)>MA4 bandidan, To bind, to shut up,
confine.

bandlsha, Imagination, fancy.
**i^-4 bandima, toi^M batidina, A coat-
button.

bandl-wdn (for bandi-bdn), A

jailer.

tfV 4 bun-ran (root of the thigh), The
groin.

4ll~A} iwrn-stTk, Old, worn-out.

a ba-nisbat, In respect of, with re-

gard to ; in comparison with.

U-sa-U>A» binshdkhtan, To place, to seat, to
erect.

(^a-Uo) binshdsian, To sit, to be seated.
y*i\Ait binshdndan, To make sit, set,
erect.

thr-*-** bi-nishin (imp. of (j.- — *■»), Sit down,

Aj«>i) binsir, The ring-finger.

V-_Uoaj bintdsiyd, i ' t~ [ &>i) bintdsiya (G.
(£avTam'a), The inner or common sense.

a g (^ bahri) bulrush, (Sea of)

Pontus.

a f^w ba-nigdm, In (esp. military) order
(m.c).

bunghdr, = j^k q.v.
banafsaj, A violet ; violet-colour.
a bi-nafri-ki, In person, himself;

identically.

bnnafek, binafsh, Blue, violet -colour.
< s <*^ bunafeha, bina/sha, banafsha, Violet,
violet-colour ; a certain aquatic plant ; —
bunafsha'i farangi, Pansy (m.c).

i>j> k&Ai} bunafaka-posh, Covered or
adorned with violets.

U iiii> bunafsha-khat, Having whiskers
of a bluish black.

l*f bana/8ha-karda, Coloured blue.
Qi* binafsha-gun tar am, The

purple sky.

y^f <sjU!i) bunafsha-gun ntahd, Heaven
and earth.

(L!U 4 bunafsha-muy, With hair of a
bluish black.

a ^ ba-naqd, In ready money, in cash ;
on the instant, by a glance, immediately.
banqa, A grain resembling a lentil.
»uJu» banal (dim. of ban), Persian turpen-

tine seed; a kind of satin; a pimple;
drops of sweat on the face; — bundle, A
shrub ; a sign, mark, vestige ; — bunk, The
bark of the Egyptian thorn.

a csia bunk, The root, origin, best, or
soundest part of anything ; an hour of the
night ; Nascaptha, an odoriferous root.

bunkardn, Anything burnt in a pot,
and adhering to the bottom.

<^U£i» bunkulak, A rose-bush; a sort of
fruit (apparently for usW&4 q.v.).

ban-kan, An instrument for levelling
the ground, a rake ; — bun-kan, A hoe,
weeding-hook.

banku, Cotton-seed.

Jj&j banlcul, Bencoolen.

bang (S. bhangd), Hemp (Canabis
sativa) ; an intoxicating drink made of its
leaves ; an allurement, bait, enticement ; —
bang az sar (kalla) parad (the bang flies
out of the head), One becomes sober and
conscious again ; — bang-sdkhtan, To allure,
to entice.

v^ 4 * bang-db, A drink prepared of hemp-
leaves.

jL. bang-db-sdz, A maker and seller

of bangdb (shortly called bang),
bangdla, Bengal.

jj^j.} bangdli, A native of Bengal.

q\£m. bingdn, A goblet; a cup; a basin;
a copper bowl or basin with a hole bored in
the bottom, which being placed in water is
suffered to fill, and thus serves to measure
the time that each cultivator is allowed to
have water turned upon his land from a
canal for the purposes of irrigation,

bangdh, Turkoman cottages ; the
tent and baggage of a wazir or grandee ;
— bun-gdh, A place or dwelling ; the rear
of an army ; a magazine, storehouse ; an
iron chest ; — bdr u bangdh, Movables, tents,
household furniture, and utensils.

bangar, An agreement for clearing
lands ; — bi-nigar (imp. of nigiristan), Be-
hold, look.

banag-rang, Asthma ; asthmatic.
bangara, A song to quiet babes ; a
lullaby ; — bingara, Spinning thread.

uS-Sai bangish, Name of a country in
Turkistan ; — bungush, Deglutition.

bunguMan, bungushldan,
To swallow without masticating.

bun-gul, Name of the rose-tree and
its fruit; name of a certain tree with an
eatable fruit; a medicine (see and^-))-
csU£a» bungulak, bungalak, A certain fruit.
jjI&j banyalor, Bangalore in Mysore.
dl£i> bangala, Of or belonging to Bengal,
as the language ; a thatched house, a bun-
galow.

bangu, Seed of flcawort,
iSJj bunga, An extending of the voice ; —
bungah, A place or dwelling; a place where
money or goods are deposited.

( 204 )

1*

bangi, One who inebriates himself
with bang, q.v.

•ihi bunldd, Foundation, basis ; a prop ;
a wall.

(^-♦■4 banmln (in Zand and Pazand), A
son.

■^aiU & bun-ndpadid, Unlimited, fathom-
less.

■^-4 banand, An unknown number.
j-4 banu, Harvest ; corn reaped and
stacked.

a y^ banu (pi. of ibn), Sons ; — banu asfar
('l-asfar), The sons of the Yellow One,
meaning the Greeks, Europeans in general.

bi-nwaz (imp. of (j^y or o*>j^y
q.v.), Soothe thou, &c. ; (= q.v.)
Answer, acceptance, assent.

t>\y» banwdn, bun-wan, The superinten-
dant or bailiff of a farm.

a Lz~jy* ba-naubat, Alternately, in turns.

A Sy} bunuwat, Filiation, sunship.

fcj^jy* tanwardaw, Wild berries.

8jy» banaura, A foundation, a basis.

tj- bunu-mrkh, Lentils.

bunu-siydh, Peas, pulse.

a. ^ c y-! ba-naw'e, In such a manner as.

>£fi banok, Warmth with festivity, glad-
ness, joy ; walking or moving briskly ;
also —

ce)y> banok-kirm, A lizard.

(jj>U bunu-mdsh, A black bean or vetch.

J~*y4 ha-numld, Despairing ; — ba-numrd
gashtan, To despair.

oy-> banwan, bunwan, — o\y* q.v.

a dlfc< yj bunu-nakhla, A kind of wild
vetch.

Jjy* binawand (probably for bun-awand),
Kept (as water in a jar)-

*y> banwa, banuh, A harvest ; a stack of
grain in the straw.

iU) bana, A dunghill ; a slender rope ;
[bana'i ba-nnd, A mason's line, a plummet ;]
— buna, hmna, Household furniture, goods,
and chattels ; baggage ; foundation, bottom,
basis ; a place ; a shop ; a house ; abode,
lair, resting-place ; a tree ; — buna bastan, To
pack up, to set off on a journey, to decamp.

a ^ bani (in composition oblique pi. of
ibn), Sons ; [haul udam, The sons of Adam,
men, mortals ; a man (sing., m.c.) ; — barii
isrd'il, Israelites ; — bant jdnn (jdn), The
children of Jan, the jinn or genii ; — bard
nuh, The sons of Noah, mankind ;] — buna',
A fabric ; the structure of the human
frame ; (pi. of binyat or bunyat) buildings,
structures.

banyd, Victuals which people carry
into the country ; a picnic.

bunydd, A foundation, basis ; a
fabric ; a wall ; — bunydd afgandan, To
found, to build up; — bunydd ba-db bur dan

(rasanidan), To build firmly (see ^) ; —
bunydd bar-ufyandan (bar-anddkhtan, bar-

dan, hmdan, bar-kandan), To destroy, to
ruin; — bunydd rekhtan (zir u zabar shudan),
To become destroyed, ruined ; — bunyddi
'umr bar yakh (nihdda ust),The foundation
of life (rests) on ice, life (is) fleeting;—
bunydd kardan (nihddan), To lay a founda-
tion, to build.

bunydd-sanj, Who measures out
the foundations.

^oUaj bunyddgar, A builder.

a (^y»W-4 binydmin, Benjamin, Joseph's
brother.

a bunydn (v.n. of o^)> -Building,

rearing ; a wall, rampart ; root, basis ;
name of a tank of Nu'man, whose brackish
water turned sweet in consequence of Mu-
hammad's mission ; — bunydn nihddan, To
lay a foundation, to build.

a <i;>*} baniyat, The Ka'bah.

banich, A garment (doubtful word).
bunicha, A company of artisans, a
corporate or associated body; — bunicha
bastan, To wind up an account.

yirA bi-ritz (ba-niz), Never; also; haste;
God forbid !

a baniqa, The gore of a shift or

garment.

u&if>4 banik, Coarse raw silk.

u-*j^ bi-niyush, bu-nuyush, Hear or listen
thou (imp. of niyiishldaii).

y (imp. of budan), Be thou ; (also contrac-
tion of buwad, buwam) he is, I am; — 6(7, bo,
Odour, smell, flavour, fragrance, scent, per-
fume ; hope ; flesh of the mountain goat ;
— bo (bit) burdan, To suspect, to get wiud
of anything.

A y hi (for abil), A father; frequent in
composition, as — bti 'l-'ajab (fa.ther of won-
derment), A wonderful thing; a leap,
spring, dance ; — bit 'l-hawas (father of de-
sire), Desirous, libidinous, curious ; a man
who lives well ; whimsical, tickle ; a
fool, <&c.

^y bu-wd (for budd, bddd), Be it so !

a o^y bawd' (v.n. of *\y), Returning; con-
fessing ; being equal ; equivalent; retalia-
tion.

a -r^y bawwdb, A porter, warder, door-
keeper ; — bawwdbdni ttarrin-sar, Porters
with heads (i.e. caps) of gold.

Aj\y bawdr (v.n. of jy), Perishing ; de-
stroying; ruin, destruction, perdition;
slackness of the market.

A J^y bawdrid (pi. of bar id), Sharp
swords; (pi. of buridat) Cold (things); —
inurhafdti bawdrid, Death-giving swords.

Jyy bawdrid, A dish ; — biwdrad, biwdrd,
Acidity, tartness.

£j\y bawdr igh, A chair for a lying-in
(woman).

a bavjdrig (pi. of bdriqat), Flashing
(clouds) ; glittering (swords).

<_^y baivds, Affliction, calamity, misfor-
tune.

( 205 )

a jW-^ y bit ishaq, Name of a number of
men, among others of a prince and Sufi
chief, eulogized by Hafiz ; name of a
turquoise-mine at Nishabiir.

a i_5*W-^ yt abil ishdqi, (A turquoise) of
the mines of Nishabiir, or belonging to
Shaikh Bu Ishaq (see preceding article),
alluding to the blue colour worn by the
Sufis.

aiUy ba-wdeita, Because, on account of,
by means of ; — ba-wdsita anki, Because that,
for the reason that (m.c).

A i>"V bawdeiq (pi. of bdsiq), Tall
palms.

, A j*~\y bawdslr (pi. of bdsur), Emerods,
piles.

a bawdshiq (pi. of bdshiq), Sparrow-
hawks.

&*\y bawdska, An implement for winnow-
ing grain.

a ;**\y bawdshlr (pi. of bdshurat), Bas-
tions (m.c).

a t>^y bawdtin (pi. of bdtinat), Interior
parts.

a bawuHs (pi. of fcu'is), CauBes.

a es^y bawdql (pi. of baqiyat), Remain-
ders .

A J\y buwdl, A continual discharge of
urine; diabetes.

a J^y bawicdl, One who makes water
much ; one who pisses in his bed ; dia-
betic.

a ^U^M y bil 'l-bandt, A very delicate and
costly woollen stuff, otherwise called uySyu
q.v.

a o)*^ y bu 'l-hazan, Sad, melancholy.

y bu, 'l-khajdar, A profane, im-
pious wretch.

a s-*«S\ y bu 'l-'ajab, Strange ; wonders ;
a fool, a buffoon, a juggler.

« ^5*>»N y bil 'l-'ajabi, A wonderful thing ;
somsthing to be admired; jugglery; —
t/Adyati bu 'l-'ajabi, A thing greatly to be
wondered at.

a ^s^l y bu 'l-'ajibhtl, Wonders.

a y in 'l-fuzul, ,«~AB5\ y bit 'l-qdeim,

Idle talker.

a y ba 'l-kafd, A bribe to a judge.

a >^^Si\ y bu 'l-ginjah, Curious ; any-
thing playful, ludicrous, curious, or enter-
taining.

A y bu 'l-hawas, Sensual ; inquisi-

tive ; a fool.

a y bu'l-hawasi, Sensuality ;

curiosity ; folly.

y\y bawdn, A narrow pass between moun-
tains ; name of a country abounding in
currants and pomegranates ; — bawwun,
Name of a place in Persia (see shi'bi baw-
w>in under v-*»-).

A <j^y biwdn, bmvdn, A tent-pole.

A ijfty bawd'iq (pi. of bd'iqat), Evils,
calamities, misfortunes; injuries, oppres-
sions.

6»

(equiv. to v^y yub), A

rich

vy bub
carpet.

4y bo-bd, A dish made of goat's fleah.

i^^y biibdsh (related to budbdth), An-
cient, perpetual, everlasting.

(^.iil s->y bub-andirt, A palace ; a tent.

yy bobar, bubar, oyy bubard, **5jyy bubar-
dak, The nightingale.

a y bil-bardqish, The chameleon.

0 J y y bo burdan, To get scent, be ap-
prised.

u^fy bdbask, A lapwing ; desire ; a comb.

«^y bobak, A virgin ; a hoopoo, pewit.

Aji? y bu-bakr (for abu bakr), The father-
in-law of Muhammad.

yy bdbd, A hoopoo ; also its cry ; a term
by which a woman addresses her sister;
desirous.

^.yy bubuya, A hoopoo.

a <4y buba, Wish, desire ; a hoopoo or
pewit.

^—ji y bo-parast, = * J >—}t oy 3' v -

t'y botd, A young camel (see *>y).

a uy^iy iwtfdtf (contr. from buyutdt, pi. of
i»ii), Account of household expense ;
marketing charges.

* o^y butdli, Relating to household ex-
pense.

a vtyy bu-iurdb, Name of the Khalif
Ali.

<^y bota,A crucible, melting-pot; a bush;
a butt for shooting at ; brushwood ; the
young of man or beast ; a young camel ; a
spot ; a flower painted ou cloth, &c. ; —
bota'i khdk, The human body.

a jU-fi' y bu-timdr, A heron.

A <^>y bans (v.n.), Inquiring; dispersing;
bringing out.

cy bauj, Pride, ostentation.

*r— W-y biijiisb, Name of a hero of
Tiinin.

V*-y bujipd ( in Zand ), A sort of
cucumber.

a "Vy ba-wajh, In the mode or manner ;
in a way ; — tm-wajh hi, In such a manner
that.

a J*s- y bujahl, Ignorant, foolish.

a L^y ba-wajhe, On any account in a
way ; anyhow.

E y bauch, Pomp, conceit ; power, majesty
— bach, The inside of the mouth.

a cy bank (v.n.), Disclosing secrets;
being disclosed ; — bah, Root, origin ; pru-
dence ; female body; coition; the soul;
confusion in business ; name of the sun.

a ^=-y biihd, Zedoary.

a yUi^ y bfi-hafsdri, A schoolmaster.

a ty baukh (v.n.), Becoming quieted,
pacified (rage), extinguished (fire) ; being
fatigued ; becoming tainted or rotten
(meat) ; — biikh, Confusion in business, per-
tuibation of mind.

^-^y bokht, A son.

a J*y biikhal, ^y bakjiala, Purslain.

a ijSi-y bu-Mildf, ^»»*- yi bu-kMldfl
(father of opposition), The devil.

*>jf biid, He, she, or it was ; existence,
being ; a dwelling-place ; — bud-u-bdsh, Re-
sidence ; — buwad (in poetry also bud), Let
him be ; it may, might, or will be.

^•i j> bo-ddr, Scented ; perfumed leather.
f bo-ddna, A medicinal seed.

bud-bash, Place of abode ; ser-
vice ; maintenance.

^••>y biidish, Existence.

yoy budan (S. bhu), To be.; to become ;
to exist ; existence ban budan, To be open
(see also under jW).

*s£J>>j> budang, Pennyroyal, puleciurn.

&«Jj» budana, A small partridge ; a quail.

,J>^ budanl, Possible, contingent ; fu-
ture ; what- is to happen, inevitable; es-
sence, existence ; — budanl bud, What is to
be, will be.

J J* ^ > bud u nd-btld, Kiches and
poverty ; existence and non-existence.

5Jy bada, Been, existent ; — bada urnadan,
To exist.

yU Bjj) buda-nan, Unleavened bread, dried
forty days in the sun.

budl, Thou wast ; existence, reality.

izijifi buximda, Tinder, touchwood.

a y» baur (v.n.), Perishing, dying ; being
languid, dull (market) ; proving, trying,
examining; — also bur (pi. of hair), ruined,
helpless, and destitute (people) ; — bur
(masc. fem. sing, pi.), Ruined, wicked ; un-
cultivated land.

bor, Red ; the colour of the pistachio
nut; the colour of honey; a bay horse; a
pheasant; (= biydr) bring thou; name of
a city in Hindustan.

\y» bur Ci, A sack, bag ; a nail's head or
point.

a <r»\)j* burdb, Name of a blacksmith in
the city of Rum.

a burdq, Jjj* buraq (for P. biira),

Borax, nitre.

6>W burdn, Name of a wife of the Khalif
Mamun ; — buran dukht, Name of a daughter
of Parwlz.

burdnl, Food made from the egg-
plant.

a buranlyat, A kind of food in-

vented by either the one or other of the
ladies mentioned under and probably
identical with the preceding.

u*y» bars, Stock-exchange (m.c. from Fr.
bourse).

^jj! btlrak, A kind of food ; a sort of tri-
angular paste or macaroni; money given to
a bystander at dice ; mouldiness of bread.

a burak, Borax, nitre, saltpetre.

J^j? bitrkand, — q.v.

aa-.jjj biirmand, Name of a certain frag-
rant herb.

»jjy} borfinda, Rich, wealthy (unsup-
ported by examples).

( 206 ) ^

ji bo-rang, A fragrant mountain

plant.

^jj) biirniya, A large jar filled with
drugs.

i>y biiru, A trumpet, hunting-horn ; a
tube, canal ; the gripes ; — buru-mn, A
trumpeter.

5 J«y burura, Name of a king, and island.
tjji bara, Nitre, borax ; pastry ; lump
sugar ; — bura'i armanl, Nitre, borax, used
in soldering gold.

<S)f burl, A trumpet; a hunting-horn;
the point of anything (especially of a nail) ;
a split reed, or a mat made of such ; — burl
zadan, To sound a trumpet ; — al-burl, A
kind of fish.

buriya, hjji buriya, A mat made of
split reeds ; a carpet ; a case for any
instrument ; —buriya w naft u dtish bard'i
lease ba-ham dutardan, To make prepara-
tions to burn a person.

'-'^ Mriya-bdf, y4 Vy* buriydbdn, A
maker of mats ; or instrument-cases.
Lp'ti kjy buriyd-posh, Utterly destitute.
<Ji^ V>jj* bdriyd-kobl, A mat-treading
(house-warming).

J&ijjt burltash (G. impn-rjs), Marcasite.
j)t bam, Mouldiness of bread ; a large
black bee ; the trunk of a tree ; — boz, A
roan horse ; swift ; intelligent, shrewd ;
(for buz) a goat.
Vji bozd (equivalent to *)f> bom), Beer.
^jji bozdr, Hot spicea mixed up with food,
j^jj! bozdgar, A brewer of beer.
<4j^}j? bozdgari, Brewing, making of beer.
o?jj* bozaeki, A brewer and seller of
beer.

^jy bauzak, Mouldiness of bread, &c,

buzkand, A kind of settee placed
before the doors in the East ; a verandah,
a portico.

■^fy buzmand, biizama, Name of a
certain fragrant herb.

&>jj} buzina, A^jy buznlna, An ape.
i)p bom, A beverage made from rice, mil-
let, or barley, beer ; the trunk of a tree.

iils. Sjji boza-kjidna, A beer-shop, ale-
house.

sjW* Sjj? bum-kabdb, Roast lamb.

buzi, A boat, skiff,
yl jijj> biiziddn, Name of a fattening drug.
6*1))* buzina, An ape.

'tf bauzh, A whirlpool ; — bazh, Weight ; a
raging fever.

<sjjj» lazhuna, A rose-bud not yet ex-
paneled, a follicle, a pod.

a y-j* baus (v.n.), Kissing ; — bus (v.n.),
Adversity, distress, hardship ; throes of
child-birth.

y-y? bos, A kiss, buss; (incouip.) kissing;
— bosi rukhsdr kardan, To kiss the cheek ;
--bos u kandr, Kissing and embracing;—
daman bos dddan, To kiss the hem of a
garment.

( 207 )

ui*UU.j} ba-wasdtat, By means of, through
the instrumentality of (m.c.).

**Ujj bosdna, Humility.

y^Uji bosdnldan, To cause to kiss ; (for
posanidan) to cause to rot.

yU-^j bostdn (place of perfume), A gar-
den, a kitchen-garden, a green spot ; name
of a city ; name of many Arabian and Per-
sian books, the most celebrated of which is
the Bostan of Sa'di ; — bosiani gul-nurnay,
The firmament; — bostdni ma zagh, A
deserted place ; solitude.

jjjrt bostdn-afroz, Cock's comb.

ij»xL^ yU-y bostdn-sundus, Verdure ;
flowers of many colours.

jUr»y biishdq, — ^UrJ f. q.v.

«si-j> bosak, A little kiss ; the wing of a
bird ; anything hollow or excavated.

8V£~j! bosagdk, bosagah, The place of
kissing, i.e. the royal apartment (because
everyone going there kisses, or ought to
kiss, the gate) ; the lips.

o jt bu-salik, Name of a note in

music.

a yWisL, y bu sulaimdn, A roost-cock ; a
hoopoo.

btisanj, Name of a city.
biisna,, The province of Bosnia.
*~j> bosa, A kiss ;—bosa dddan, To kiss ;
— boea shikastan, To kiss with a smack.
<jfc bosa-bda, Kissing and toying.
i^W- bosa-jdy (place of kissing), Lips.
ys» bosa-chin, Culling kisses.

<s_y bosa-khwdr, Devouring kisses.
•*}'> bosa-duzd, bosa-rubd,

Stealing kisses.
X) bosa-rez, Showering kisses.
s-»j) *~j> bosa-zeb, (Lips) fresh with kisses,
s-i/ i-.ji bosa-fireb, Deceiving by kisses.
stf&-jt bosa-gdh, = s^~j? q.v.

iu^j bosa-gustdMk, Who makes bold

to kiss.

iS'fl bote, One kiss.

bosidagi, Rottenness ; submission.

t>^*-y feffgiciam, To kiss; (for posidan)
to rot.

fcoswia, Kissed ; rotten, stale.
bausir (for bausir), Hemor-
rhoids.
)t~)t busir, Possibility.
a &~>jt ba-wasUa, By means of, through
the instrumentality of.

busin, Accusation, upbraiding, re-
proof.

<J>$ baush, Celebrity ; ostentation, boast ;
might, magnificence, pomp ; — bush, A kind
of eye-salvi brought from Dar-band j —
bawish, Predestination, fate ;~buuiish, Exis-
tence ; — bush Icardan, = yJuAy? q.v.

A Jttji baush, A multitude, crowd, troop,
or band.

U}> busha, Meditation, thoughtfulness,
solicitude, anxiety.
a olfcjt boshdd, The rape- root ; a turnip.

V-^j* boshasb, Sleep ; pollution.

u-Ufrj} bmhpd*, Sleep ; a dream, a vision.

t s->^*>j» bushqdb, Plate (see vUAj).

u-Ua. »| bo-sMnds, Whose sense of smell
is sound, who distinguishes well between
odours.

j-iijj boshanj, Name of a town.

bushank, Name of a village near

Hariit.

yjui.y buehidan, To begin any work ; to
consider; to be bold; to rely upon (not
supported by examples).

a bans (v.n.), Preceding, going be-
fore, being superior, excelling; making
haste ; flying ; concealing ; importuning,
teasing; colour; a woman's hips ; fatigue,
lassitude; — bus, Name of a fruit; colour;
a woman's hips.

a bust (for P. ws)>*)> A- boat, a skiff.

a y~ef. busir, The plant bear's ear ; a kind
of hemlock ; name of a village in Egypt.
lata, Thicket (m.c).

a £y ban, 1 (v.n.), Measuring with a fathom
or the arras extended ; taking long steps in
running (a horse or camel) ; — also bu', A
fathom.

t £y» bugh., bogh, Auy outward covering or
wrapper (especially of leather) ; a pouch.

yUwi&l jifcji boghdzi anglistdn, The Eng-
lish Channel (m.c).

t bogM-band, A cloth in which any-
thing is wrapped up.

t ^ij> bogjija, boykcha, = q.v.

bu gh rd, vJS^y? bughraq, A kmd of
food (made of boi!ed meat, flour, &c).

(j-aU^j bughulsun (Q. fiovykuxra-ov) , Borage.

t Uiy bog&mu, Trumpery, trifles, scraps,
rags ; fragments, broken victuals, stores of
a wallet; a fat and ugly woman (see
Ski).

bug&anj, Coriander ; name of a city.
biicfhand, Convolvulus, ivy, bind-
weed.

<-ifi buf, An owl.

buja, A buffet (m.c. from Fr.).

O^r* ji lo-firosh, A perfumer, a druggist.

a jj? biiq, A trumpet, clarion, hunting-
horn ; any wind instrument, or any musical
instrument (in allusion to which one who
cannot keep a secret is called buq, as being
full of holes) ; vain, foolish ; false, unjust;
\buqi asiyd, A kind of pipe blown in mills
to call the customers from the neighbour-
hood ;] — buwaq (pi. of biiqat), Thunder-
showers, violent rains ; disagreeable things,

jjt boq, A large sheet (see

a cyUy biiqat (pi. of biiq), Trumpets,
cornets.

jjtij} buqdn, Red insects produced in the
air during the rainy season (in H. bir
bahufi) .

a «~*j> ba-waqt, At the time of ; in time.

<i *»_j) boqcha, = <*^y q.v.

a (jyk j> bil-qalamim, A chameleon ; of

c3*

( 208 )

various hues, variegated; changeable (ap-
plied to the world).

iJr*** y huqalamtim. Variegated, motley.

G buqtsd, The elm-tree.

A k*>j> bank (v.n.), Leaping (as the male
ass upon the female) ; removing with a
stick rubbish from a fountain or aqueduct
to make the water flow more freely ; being
in confusion (business) ; becoming fat.

>^y buk, A divine precept ; a pit in which
they lay up (wheat) ; a fire-shovel ; tinder ; j
(contracted from buwad ki) by chance,
perhaps, haply, may be ; except ; — buk u
magar, Perhaps, may be.

u~*y bokn Icardan, To box (m.c.
from E.).

iaU£y bukaldk, Juniper-berries ; a kind of
fruit in Persia calied ban.

<tf y btt hi, Perhaps it may; would that
it were.

O&j) bugdn, The womb ; a flower-bed.
■^y biigand, Ivy.

a Jy haul (v.n.), Making water ; urine ;
a son ; a groat number ; — baud Icardan, To
urinate.

jWy buljdr, A place of refuge; a battle-
field.

g?y bulach, Lands which are constantly
in cultivation.

a bid-hakim, Wise, learned ; a

wiseacre,

a ;-i^siJy bid-khajdar. An unbeliever,
heretic.

baulddn, A chamber-pot, a urinal.
t )d}> buldur-chiit. Quail (see ^^joXt).
a u-Jy bid-as, Name of a dungeon in hell.
u-Jj> bolus, Paul.

J^y bid-ghdq, biilqdq, = jUIj q.v.

ylAly billy/tan, = q.v.

a «s\s.ii^> hid-kiinjak, Anything new or
wonderful ; the first-fruits ; a masquerade,
pastime, frolic.

a a^Jy baul-gdh, The urethra.

a «^*-Jy bidanjak, Anything strange,
curious, and entertaining.

yyoy^y biditbildabun (G. ttoXvitoSiov) ,
Polypody.

fjyi'Zy^^y. bidiitflTikhiin (Q-. iro^vrpt^ov),
Maiden's hair.

Aiy bit-la, A tube, tunnel.

a N-v*y bu-lahab (for aba to/mi), Name of
one of Muhammad's uncles (Kur'an, chap,
cxi.) ; — bidahabdni ivaqt (the Bii-Iahabs of
the age), Obstinate unbelievers.

Jy haul), bavll, = q.v.

L u-^y butinas (Plinius), Pliny.

(•y bum (S. bhiimi), A country, region ;
desert land not yet cultivated ; the boun-
daries or frontiers of inimical states, whose
hostile inroads are always to bo dreaded ; a
garrison ; a mansion or place where one
dwells in safety ; the groundwork of em-
broidered cloth ; nature, disposition, tem-
perament ; [biimi dbdd, An inhabited coun-

try ; — bumi werdn, A desolate country ;] —
buwam, I may be.

a py bum (&*y bdmat), An owl; — bum
khwdnda.n (to call or invite the owl), To
render desolate.

y^oUj} bumddardn, y\)*»*y bumdrdn, The
plant southernwood.

Sj^y bumara, A kind of bird.

yvf. bum-bar, Dominion, lordship, sei-
gniory.

W» l»y bum-tald (bumi-tald), The golden
groundwork of embroidered cloth.

Jj^*y bum-hand, A subterraneous dwell-
ing.

A*y biima, Fire struck by a horse's shoe.

e^vy bumahan, y^vy bumahin, An earth-
quake ; the intestines of sheep not cleaned.

yy baun, A portion, share ; — bun, Foun-
dation, root, origin ; end, limit ; intestines
of sheep or cattle not cleaned ; the womb ;
the heavens ; — buni situn, The base of a
column, the pedestal of a statue.

«£*^y bil-ndfi', Wine.

■^y buwand, They may be ; — buwand, 6m-
vnnd, Proud, arrogant ; — btiwund, Lenity,
meekness, placidity.

*^»y buwanda, buwinda, Proud, majestic ;
— buwunda, Modest, gentle, grave.

yjy bimi%, bimez (equiv. to Sj^i nlza), A
short spear.

ay buwa, A tree which does not bear
fruit; grave, modest.

a sy bank (v.n.), Cursing; — bith, A large
owl or a bird resembling it.

yUftjj buhmdn, The womb ; someone ;
somebody, so and so.

4*y bfiha, Desire ; perturbation of mind ;
the hoopoo.

t5y boy, buy, Odour, fragrance, perfume ;
scent, spice ; hope, wish, desire ; search,
quest ; love ; nature, disposition ; portion,
part, lot ; [boy burdan, To give a hint ; to
hear ; to suspect ; — boyi tigh, (kjiun) ml-
dyad-, There is danger abroad ;~boy dddan,
To diffuse fragrance ; — boyi sokhtam. In-
cense ; — boy shanldan, To smell; — boyi
falila ml-uyad, There is a smell of burning
in the air, things look suspicious ; — boy kar-
dan. To smell, to have scent of, to smell of ;
to snuff up, to smell at ;— boy giriftan, To
contract a smell, to Btink ; — boyi yakrangi,
Sincere affection ;] — buwi, Thou mayst be.

^y boyd, Odoriferous, fragrant ; fetid ;
coriander-seed.

y'^y boydtar (com p. of the preceding),
More fragrant.

boy-afza, Spice, seasoning.

yj^ ^Sj< boy-afzdr, A censer; spice, sea-
soning.

y^y boydn, Smelling (also plural) ; name
of a country.

uJjUy boydnak, Parsley ; southernwood.
<J»? boy-parast, A hound ; a pard ; a
parasite; a demon ; an angel.

( 209 )

*^<j) boycha, Ivy, convolvulus.
A V*; £ bu-yahyd, Name of the angel of
death.

(j;j> boy-ddr, Scented ; hunting by the
scent (a dog),

boyddn, A perfume-box.
iSf boy-rang, A rose.

U OJ » boy-sd, ^U. ^y boy-tdy, A. stone
for rubbing powders.

if* <JJ* boy-soz, A censer, a chafing-dish.
ta-u>e«fta, Principally, especially, par-
ticularly ; — boyzha, Hopeful.

(jS-iy boyish, Smelling; the sense of smell.

\J>rf ^ boy-farotk, A perfumer.

«*Us feoy-fcaZaft, boy-kaKk, A kind of
berry with a green bark, noxious to the
teeth and stomach.

o*"*^lSJ» boy-giriftagi., Stink, taint.

***r <4J» boy-girifta, Fetid, stinking.

cA)**^* USH boy-miidaran, Southernwood,
meli88a,parthenion, apiastrum, balm-gentle.

d\i ^jy boyndk, Bank-smelling.

ylSWf boy-ndkdn, Destitute of the sense
of smell.

boyang, A kind of sweet basil.

*8>f boya, Hope, desire ; fumitory ; a
dynasty of the Dailamites.

a tijt buwaih, The founder of a certain
dynasty.

(ji-fy bo'idan, To smell, scent, diffuse per-
fume ; to hare a smell ; to smell at, to snuff
up ; to live in the country.

ij^/i isf boyi yah-rangl, Fidelity, love,
sincerity.

*» ba, To ; for; in ; on ; with ; by ; according
to; — bi (for bi-), The separate form of the
prefix of certain tenses of the verb j — bih
(Z. vanha, vohu), Good, excellent; elegant ;
better ; safe, sound ; [bih uftadan (dmadan,
shudan), To become well, to recover ; to
prosper, to succeed] ; (for ^ q.v.) a
quince; — buh, An owl.

a t> bah, Well done ! bravo ! excellent ! —
bihi, With, for, from, in, or by him, or it.

^ct baha, Price, value ; [bahd'i khil'at, A
tax to defray the expense of honorary
dresses ; — bahd'i khu-n, The price of blood
(which is paid to the relations of a person
killed, as an atonement) ; — baha qat' kar-
dan, To fix a price ; — baha kardan, To
value, appraise ; — pur baha u tharaf, Most
preciouB and noble ;] — bihd, Goodness ;
beauty, ornament.

A ^ bi-hd, With, for, from, in, or by her
or it (referring to a fern.).

fji^ Itf bahd-peshl, Money advanced, pre-
payment.

a bahdjat (v.n. of g^), Being beau-
tiful.

jfa bahddur, Brave, bold, valiant, cou-
rageous, magnanimous, warlike, strong,
athletic ; a soldier, champion, hero, cheva-
lier, knight, horseman; a title of honour
conferred by the Great Mogul and other

Eastern potentates, bearing some ree>eui-
blance to the European title of military
knighthood.

yljjltf bahddurdn (pi. of bahddur), Va-
liant soldiers.

4i^\^i bahddur ana, Bravely, like a cham-
pion.

<jjfa bahddurl, Valour, military gallan
try.

fa bahdr, Spring, beginning of summer ;
a blossom ; orange-flower (also bahdri
ndrinj) ; a Buddhist temple ; an idol ; the
haretn of a prince ; camomile, anthemis ;
name of an island ; [bahdri ddnish, The title
of a well-known work on ethics ; — bahdri
'arribar, The scent of molten amber ; — bahdr
kardan, To be in bloom (m.c.) ;] — bihdr, The
province of Behar in India ; half a horse-
load.

a fa bahdr, A species of odoriferous
herb ; buphthalraus, ox-eye ; anything beau-
tiful and splendid ; name of a village near
Marw ; — buhdr, An idol ; a swallow ; a
white fish ; cotton taken from the pods ; a
weight of 300, 400, 600, or 1000 rati ; out-
fit for a sea- voyage ; a ewer.

V^jW» bahdr-drd, Vernal showers, or blos-
soms.

tJ UJ\ fa bahdr-afshdn, Scattering blos-
soms.

JpS fa bahdr-dlud, Tinged with the hues
of spring.

0)\fa bahdrdn, The spring ; orange-
flower.

fa bahdr-anddm, Of a vernal, i.e.
youthful body.

j^-k» bahdr-bdnu, The blooming prin-
cess.

&j£A* fa bahdr - bishkina, A note in
music.

j^irf bahdr-band, An airy house inha-
bited in spring-time ; a place where horses
are tied up in spring.

VH-)^ bahdr-perd (spring-adorning), Ver-
nal showers, buds or blossoms.

uU. fa bahdr-k_h_dna, An idol-temple ; any
high building.

fa bahdr - khwash, Flesh smoke-
dried.

lifa'fa bahdristdn, Spring ; vernal blos-
soms ; title of a celebrated work of Jami.

ifa bahdra, A swarm of bees (m.c).

iifa bahdri, Belonging to the spring,
vernal.

fa bihdz, A high-bred horse kept for
stock.

(j^a^-vj bahdshtan, To weep, to cry.
sjUtf A) bih-u/tdda, Healthy, vigorous.

bih-dfirid, y>ji^ 4} bih-dfirin, The
sister of Isfandiyar.
j*f\*ti bahd-gir. Precious, valuable, costly.
ij&fa bahdmln, Spring.
^j-oJl^ bahdnistan, To weep.
sfa bahdna, Pretence, excuse, evasion ;

( 210 )

motive, cause ; — bahana juetan, To aeek a
pretext; to complain of; to cavil ; — bahana
shdkkddrad (a pretext has branches), There
are various kinds of pretexts, there are
excuses and excuses (proverbial) ; — bahana
kardan, To make tm excuse ; — bahana yaf-
lan, To find a pretence ; — ba yak bahdna'i,
On no matter what pretext (m.c.) ; — pay
bahana gardidan, To seek after a pretext
(m.c).

bahdna-ju, bahdna-talab
(a.), Seeking for excuses.

jl» Mltf bahdna-edz, -J"^ bahdna-
faroeh, A maker of apologies, a vendor of
fatae excuses.

^J*rf AJVtf bahdna-farotM, Profuseness in
false excuses.

jjW bahdwar, Precious, valuable.

A bahd'im (pi. of bahlmat), Beasts,
bruteB, wild beasts.

a (^j^sfc" f»»lv> baha'im' ma iJisils, Wild,
ferocious.

a lmS *^ 6afi.a imi, Of or pertaining to
beaBts ; beastly, brutal.

baha'i, Precious, valuable.

t>-?T <s+ bih-d'ln, Of good principles, reli-
gious.

Jfriti b>h-bud, Welfare, safety ; healthy ;
a proper name.

^•ij^ bih-badl, Well-being ; health, vi-
gour; (ironically) a dagger.

a u^> baht (v.ii.), Attacking suddenly ;
surprising; bewilderment, amazement; —
also buht. Slandering, accusing falsely ; a
lie, calumny, slander.

u^-v* bukt, A plauet's motion in a given
time.

h <s~4 bahat, Bice dressed in milk.

baktdm, Name of the angel who has
charge of the winds.

a fcjUtf buhtdn (v.n. of u-nrf), Slandering,
accusing falsely ; a calumny, lie, slander,
false accusation, malignant imputation, ma-
levolent suspicion ; — buhtdn. shudan, To be
defamed ; — buhtdn gv/lan, To slander.

buhtdn-goy, A slanderer, defamer.
bihtar, Better; — bihtari shumd, So
much the better for you (m.c.) ; — bahtarash
in ae(, The better plan in the matter is this
(m.c).

dji^t blhtaraJc, Somewhat better ; name of a
Persian intercalary month, introduced oncein
120 years, and celebrated with one continued
festival. The old Persian year consisted of
twelve months of thirty days, to the last
of which they added five, making thereby
their year 365 days ; but with regard to the
excess of six hours, instead of our more
regular mode of leap-year, they thought of
no further intercalation till the surplus
hours amounted to thirty days, wheu the
120th year was made to consist of thirteen
months.

bihtarin, Best ;—bihtarlni k£alk,
Best of created beings, i.e. Muhammad.

bihtartn-bahht, Whose fortune
ia better than auothev'8 ; fortunate.

5V» bahaj, A certain fattening drug.

a <Vtf bah/at (v.n. of j-tf). Being joyful
and glad; beiug beautiful; beauty, ele-
gance, grace, excellence ; gladness, cheerful-
ness, alacrity ; exultation ; — pur-bahjat, Full
of joy.

a «Afi **-<rie» bahjat-dydt, Happy, joyous.

jj£~ bih-Miwar, Becoming, befitting,
suitable.

bih-ddna, The seed of a quince.

Ai-H? bahdala, A woman's name ; also a
man's.

yi-HJ bih-din, Of the best religion, i.e. of
that of Zardusht or Zoroaster; religious,
faithful, pious, devout.

rtf ba-har, At, by, to, or in every or each ;
[ba-har hal, In every shape, however it he,
in whatever condition ; anyhow ; at all
events; — ba-har sal, In every year; — ba-
har sih naw', Animal, vegetable, and
mineral ; — ba-har kaif, By any meaus, in
every way soever ; — ba-har mdh, In every
month ; — ba-har waqte, At all times ;]
— bahr, A part, portion, lot ; name of a
country; for, because, on account of;
[bahri azmiidan, By way of trial, in order to
discover ; — bahri in, On this account ; —
bahri lu, For thy sake ; — bahri chi, For
why? wherefore? — bahri shumd, For you;
— bahri lease, For someone; — az bahri
fchwud, For his own sake ; — az bahri siid, On
account of gain ; — az bahri namdz, In order
to pray;] — buhr, Continually; a herb witli
a stalk like that of barley.

Ajk» bahr (v.n.), Shining, excelling (in
beauty, grace, virtue) ; excellence, pre-
eminence ; conquest ; the imposition of a
burde.i beyond the strength ; astonish-
ment, wonder; — buhr. Shortness of breath,
asthma, breathing hard from overload ; a
city, town, or province ; the middle of a
valley, a channel.

\j<& bahrd, On account of, for the sake of.

pV<(? bahrdm, The planet Mars ; name of
several kings of Persia, and of other king-
doms in the East (corrupted by the Greeks
into Varanes) ; name of several heroes ;
the twentieth day of every month ; name
of an angel ; the sword ; — bihrdm, Fasting,
fast (not supported by examples).

J 5 bakrum-tal. An obelisk or pyra-
mid, which Bahrain-chubin caused to be
constructed with the skulls of the Turks
slain in a bloody engagement.

a gr*\ri(* bahrdmaj (for P. bahrdma), A
species of willow.

bahrdm- chubrn, Name of a cele-
brated general of king Hormuz, the son of
Noshirwiin, so called from his lankiness.

JJ^*!rv» bahrdm- gor, Name of one of the

Hi

( 211 )

kings of Persia, so called from his passion
for the chase of the wild ass.

t^/tf bahrdman, A ruby ; a kind of
variegated silk ; safBower ; rouge, paint for
the face.

bahrdma, A species of willow ; a
robe of green silk ; silk.

u^V* bahrdmi, Bravery, valour ; slaugh-
ter.

buhrdn, A hot pestilential wind.

a tjijtf bih-ray, Prudent, fit for business,
proper for the administration of public
affairs ; ingenious, thinking judiciously.

ab^v> bahraj, Base money ; rain, fruit-
less, futile.

a J^/v» ba-har hdl, see under ^» ba-har.
bahrazdm, Name of the angel who
has charge of the precious stones.

«t^t> bahrak, One whose hands and feet
are hardened by labour; filth, ordure,
dregs, dross.

a ba-har kaif, see under ^ ba-har.

^yti bahragJ, Riches, wealth ; opulent,
affluent.

p/tf bahram. Bastard saffron.

bahramdn, The finest ruby ; fine
silk interwoven or painted with flowers;
safflower ; paint.

bahraman, An idol-temple ; a ruby.

J^v» bahramand (for -u* Fortunate.

a-^i bahrama, An auger, a gimlet.

Bj/tf bihroj, bihroja, Crystal of a

transparent blue colour, and of little value ;
Indian frankincense.

jjrt? bikroz, fyjttt bihroza, A species of blue
crystal ; Indian frankincense.

tyjtf bihrun, Name of Alexander the
Great.

bahra, A part, portion, quota, share,
lot; profit, gain, advantage; happiness,
prosperity, fortune, favour; a burden, as
much as an ass, camel, or horse carries
upon one side ; [bakra bahra kardan, To di-
vide into portions ; — bahra'i wasiyat, A
legacy; — bakra ydftan, To find favour;] —
bihra, A town near Lahore ; — buhra, A
people living in Guzerat.

y Sjtf bahra-bar, A partner, companion.

bahra-ddr, A sharer, participator,
partner ; enjoying one's wishes, fortunate ;
— bahra-ddri 'atiya u in'dm hardan, To
make a partner of gifts and presents.

Ji-tj^! bahramand, Sharing, participating;
fortunate, prosperous, happy, contented ; —
bahramand shudan, To accomplish an ob-
ject, to obtain what we desire, to be fortu-
nate, prosperous, successful ; to participate,
share.

fjAi+irf bahramand!, Happiness, pros-
perity.

yS^f bakrawor, Favoured, happy.
y^JiV^ bahrawar-bdnu, Name of a prin-
cess.

sA> •jV bahra-ydb, One who finds favour ;
a partaker, a sharer; who profits by (m.c).

^» bahre, A little, somewhat, a part;
anything ; anyone.

«A>. j-v* bahri yak, For someone, for the sake
of one ; — ba-har yak, For everyone.

bahz (v.n.), Removing, repelling,
thrusting away ; striking one (upon the
breast) with feet and hands.

>>\yti bih-zdd, Isfandiyiir; name of a horse.

a u-tf bahe, Boldness, bravery, courage.

AyJ*0 bahsh (v.n.), Being glad, and cheer-
ful ; extending the hand in order to seize
anything ; assembling ; being ready to cry
or to laugh ; the fruit of the dwarf palm-
tree ; fresh or moist mastick or bdellium ;
— bilddu 'l-bahsh, Hijaz, on account of its
abounding in mastick.

ut-i-tf bihuht, Paradise; heaven; [bihisht
khwurdan, To enjoy Paradise ; — bihishti
dunya, A title of the Sughd of Samarkand ;
also of the city of Damascus ; — shah-zdda'i
bihight-khii aTn, The glorious prince who has
departed for Paradise ;] — bi-hisht (3rd sing,
pret. of hishtan), He let go.

if*} t*~*-v> bih\«ht-<Tin, Paradise-like.

ta-i^ bihisht.-riiy, bihieht-
slmd, Of a heavenly face,

j\j ui—i^} bihisht-zdr, A place like heaven.

^jt^ bihisht-sabuhl, A heavenly

morning draught.

liS^i" ls^v bihisht-gang, Name of a city.

tys&i is^i^ti bihisht-ni8hln (settled in Para-
dise), Blessed.

bahiehta, Placed, deposited ; left.

(jiA^f bihishti, Paradisiacal ; handsome ;
a water-carrier (the last is Hindustani).

tSjy bihiehtl-ruy, Handsome of face,

beautiful.

,_y^.^> bihishtl-eirisht, Of heavenly
nature or disposition.

o\j- l _ r 5Ai ( > bihishti-sawdd, A place like
Paradise.

^JJifc &i bih-shxidagl, Cure, convalescence.

i| bih-fhuda, Cured, healed.
a ^t-Hf bahshamlyat, A Muhammadan
sect.

A bahas, Thirst.

h l^j bahatt. Rice dressed with milk and
butter.

a bahg (v.n.), Afflicting, vexing; fa-
tiguing, tiring.

<^A w^-fctf ba haft ub ahustan (to
wash with seven waters), To perform one's
ablutions with great nicety and circumspec-
tion.

A 0H» bahaq, p baliak, Leprosy, white
inorphew (distinct from baras) ; ringworm.

as i» bih ki (for bih az an ki), Better
than, preferable.

tjjjjS i) bih~guzin, Choosing, picking; dis-
criminating easily between good and bad
money ; select, chosen ; camphor ; (imp. of
gusndan) make your choice, select.

( 212

Let alone ;

)

Embroidery with
were frequently

J-tf bihil (imp. of hilldan),
give over ; absolution (see Jj).

a J-t» bahl (v.n.). Cursing.execrating any-
one ; malediction ; leaving free, at liberty ;
a little, small quantity, somewhat ; easy.

a Jjltf buhlul, One who laughs or smileB ;
a jester, joker; a prince with every accom-
plishment; name of a celebrated dervish.

<sivi bahla, bihla, A falconer's glove ; privy
purse, portfolio.

iltf bahla-ddr, Wearing hunting-
gloves in one's belt.

i3y J bdhla-dozi,
which hunting-gloves
adorned.

ba-ham, Together, one with another,
one against another ; at once ; rage, anger,
indignation; [ba-ham amadan, ba-ham bar
dmadan, To be contracted, drawn together ;
to assemble ; to be constipated, bound ; to
be offended, enraged, disgusted, vexed,
confounded ; to be wrung with anguish ; —
ba-ham bar kardan, To distress ; — ba-ham
dar shudan, To be tniied, confounded, jum-
bled together ; to ache ; to be perplexed ; —
ba-ham raianidan, To procure ; — ba-ham
rasidan, To "be met with, to come to hand,
to be acquired ; to appear, to come into
being; — ba-ham mdan, To disturb, upset,
frustrate (m.c.) ;]— biham, Yes.

a buham (pi. of buhmat), Brave, in-
vincible soldiers, gallant heroes ; troops of
horse ; — buhum (pi. of bahim), Animals of
one colour ; lambs, kids, Ac.

ju^t bahmdr, Many, numerous; a multi-
tude.

^^aw**^ f*v ba-ham- dmekhtagi, Commix-
ture.

t)Uv> bihmdn, Someone ; a certain person ;
anything unknown.

_y{ ba-ham-dwar, One who collects or
composes ; collected or composed.

A*— ♦ ji t+tf ba-ham bar-basta, Suspicious ;
suspected ; suspicion.

g^jji ba-ham bar-zadan, To be hasty.

a bahmat, A lamb, a kid ; — buhmat, A
brave invincible soldier ; a difficult, arduous
affair ; an army.

tjUHrf bahmatdn, A white lily ; a red lily.

sji*^ ba-ham zada, Overturned, over-
whelmed ; dejected, depressed.

ctS^»v bahmazag, A hedgehog ; a porcu-
piae.

^jfu. (*f> ba-ham-sa'i, Confricfttion.

bahman, Intelligent, acute, adroit ;
the supreme intelligence ; a cloud pouring
rain ; (also bahmani barf) an avalanche of
snow from a mountain produced by the
heat of the sun (m.c.) ; a certain vege-
table that flowers in winter, having a root
red and white (see A. i^h*) •, name of a
note in music ; the middle month of winter,
answering to our January ; one who speaks
and acta right; the second day of every

month ; long-armed, powerful, oppressive ;
name of a deruou or genius, supposed by
the old Persians, and by their descendants
the Parsi, Magi, or GuebreB, to preside over
all beasts of burden ; name of Ardshir, son
of lsfandiyar ; name of a citadel and of a
lofty mountain ; name of a fountaiu in Jur-
jan ; — bahmani zamdn w tahamtani daurdn,
The monarch of his time, the hero of his
age.

a <f*tf bahman, The root of a plant resem-
bling a large radish ; it is crooked, red and
white, and is used medicinally.

^-+i<t bahmand, <jjU*^i bahmandn, = i^-Htt
q.v.

^^-^ bahmanjana, bahmancha,
Name of a festival celebrated by the kings
of Persia upon the secocd day of the month
of Bahman ; according to others, that day
itself.

•*b fc>**» bahman-zdd, Name of the intel-
lect of the sphere of Mars.

<Af y-H,( bahman-nizhdd, Of the lineage
of Bah man.

d-i-H? bahmana, A spinning-top.
jUi*^ bahmanydr, A disciple of Avicenna.
bahmanln, Name of a plant which
flowers also in winter, and whose root is red
and white.

buhma, Of inestimable value ; invin-
cible (see A. A^Hrf).

bahndna, An ape ; —bihndna, White

bread.

a o-,«J ba-nisbat, In proportion, com-
parison.

&m bahna, A boy's spinuing-top.

pet bahiv, A balcony ; a portico ; a veran-
dah ; name of an Indian king.

a ytf bahw, A house or tent projecting in
front of the rest, and detached , a large
stable for cattle ; a wide extended country ;
the cavity of the breast ; the womb.

buhod. Anything singed and made
yellow by being near to the fire.

jjtf buhor, ($y$ buhon, The eye, the sight.
baha, Par be it !

^? MM, Recovery, cure ; thou art good ;
goodness ; a quince ; ho ! (an interjection,
when the person addressed is near at hand).

]£~> bihl-paikar, Of excellent form,
face, or figure.

a gitf bahij, Glad, cheerful ; beautiful,
lovely.

J*\t baked, Name of a grain.

bahidan, To squeeze, grasp with the
hands, to press with the feet, to kick, to
trample.

«k* bahir, Baggage, camp-followers.

1^ baherd, Belleric myrobalan.

^ bahim, A balcony, portico; (S.
bhima ?) name of an Indian king.

a baklmat, baMma, A quadruped,

an animal wild or tame.

a bahiml, Brutal, bestial, brutish.

%3*

( 213 )

($<«S bihln, Better, best ; selected, picked
out; opulence; a cotton-carder; a week; —
mihini ealdtlni ruyi zamln, u bikini khawd-
qini dunyd u din, The greatest of the kings
of the earth, and most excellent of the
nioaaiehs of the world and the faith.

bihlna, A week ; a carder of cotton ;
best, choicest.

^s* bi, be (a privative particle or preposi-
tion), Without ; when prefixed to nouns, it
is equivalent to in, un, im, ir, leas, &c, in
English, implying wanting, or being desti-
tute, as bi-basar, Imprudent, &c. ; a moth.

W bayd. Full ; a door ; how ?—biyd (imp.
of timaian), Come, come hither, approach.

bl-ab, Without water ; flat, insipid,
dull; sottish, silly; disgraced, ashamed ; —
bi-ab shudan, To be ashamed, disgraced.

oWVrf biydbdn, baydbdn, Uncultivated,
desert ; a desert.

u^W biydbdn-bdsh, An inhabitant of
the desert ; — tdxiydni biydbdn-bdsh, Bedouin
Arabs.

<£^Wf biydbdnafc, A small desert.

cJ^Wt biyObdn-marg, (One) perished
in the desert.

t>»^ biydbdn-nishin. A hermit; a

gipsy ; a nomad.

*Xf fc^W» biydbdn-naward, Travelling in
the desert.

(_3>^W biydbdni, Wild, savage, desert.

jji bi-abr, Cloudless.

u» bi-dbru, Dishonoured, disgraced,
degraded ; shameless.

<S)f^ bi-dbruwi, A disagreeable thing.
) vl ^ bi'db-u-rang. Void of grace
and beauty.

j_jf bl-dbl, Want of water ; want of
lustre i insipidity ; folly.

uwWf baydt, Grief, anxiety, care.

a ut>W baydt (v.n. of ^~»»), Passing the
night ; doing anything in the night ; a noc-
turnal invasion ; name of a place near Wtisit.

a bhittifaq, Without union, dis-

cordant.

a ^ bi-ittifdqi, Disunion, discord.
a <J> bi-asar, Unimpressive, ineffica-
cious.

a u« bi - ihtirdm, Disrespectful

(m.c).

a<j*\)**-\ ^ bi-ihtirtimi, Disrespectful be-
haviour (m.c.).

a eW-*^ i_5> bl-ihtiyaj, Having no wants.

aH^sn^ bi'ihtiydt, Heedless, uncircum-
Bpect.

a jl^atl ^ bt-ikhtitfcir. Involunfary, forced,
constrained ; without self-possession or con-
trol; madly in love (m.c).

a ii\^xsS ,jt bi-iJchtiydrana, Unwillingly ;
forced, compelled.

a i^J^^i ^ bi-itchtiydri, Helplessness.

a j-As^ ^ bl-ikbXdsi, Unfriendliness.

•>W biydd, Being awake, watchfulness,
vigilance.

bl-adab, Uncivil, rude, ill-

mannered.

a ^1 bl-adabdna, Kudely, disrespect-
fully, indecently ; uncivil; — bl-adabdna wa?.
An indecent, unbecoming action.

« o* J ' bl-adabi, 111- breeding, rudeness,
incivility; presumption ;—bi-adabi kardan,
To behave unmannerly, to commit a rude-
ness, <fcc.

a ue)\,j\ ^ bi-idrak, Without understaud-
ing; unintelligent.

War (pi. of bi'r), Wells.
biydr (imp. of aim rd:in), Bring thou.

l^-^Wi biydrdstan, To adorn ; to invent a
ficlion, to He.

(•^Uj bl'drdm. Restless, unquiet, having
no repose, in perpetual disquietude ; — bi-
drdm-u-qardr, Restless and inconstant.

u^Vi ^ bi-drdmi, Restlessness.

)fi <j! bl-arz, Worthless, valueless.

i^jWj baydrish, Regimen, cure.

a ^ bl-arkdn, Immodest, uncivil, ill-
bred.

fijW* baydra, Any plant whose stalk does
not grow erect, as cucumbers, melons, or
pumpkins.

jVi >J> bl-dzar, Iuuoxious, harmless, inof-
fensive.

u> bl-dzarm, Shameless, brazen-faced.
buyazish, Consumption; infirmity,
(jolej biyds, Name of a very learned
Brahman (S. vydea?),

a bi-ietifizdr, Unpremeditated.

a jlwJ ^ bl-istikqdq, Unjustly, unde-
servedly.

yij^i biydstu, Yawning; fetid breath.

a 5lfi4.1 bl-iBhtibdh, Undoubtedly ; true.

a ■ jM>±\ ^ bi-ishfdq, Merciless, ruthless;
impious.

^jt bi-dahind, Friendless.

a J-i os? bi-asl, Unfounded ; causeless ; ig-
noble, mean ; the offspring of a free father
and a slave mother ; unprincipled ; an idle
talker.

a baydz, Whiteness ; blank book,
commonplace book, note-book; a fair copy ;
a geomantic figure ; — baydzi tegh, The bril-
liance of a sword ; — baydzi kkwur, A sun-
beam ; day; — ba-bayd? burdan, To make ft
clean copy; — dar bayd,? uftddan, To be
written out.

a baydzi, An elegant poem.

a iji-^ai baydtirat (pi. of baytdr), Veteri-
nary surgeon*.

a bi-ittild', Uninformed, ignorant.

a £W bayyti\ A seller ; a broker ; an ap-
praiser ; an auctioneer.

a ^xs\ ^ji bi-i'tibdr, Contemptible ; dis-
esteemed.

a (jjW^ (j? bl-i'libdri, Disesteem.

a (j^J^ bi-i'tiddli, Injustice ; in-
equality.

biydgitdrid, Steeped in water or

blood.

Id ( 214 ) ^

OAl^Wi biydghdridan, To steep, soak ; to
mix.

O-s^^W biydjfkushtnn. f^x^il^i biydyjiash-
tan. To steep, soak ; t.^jix.

O^^W biyag&dlidan. To stir up strife.

a aV^ bl-aqran, Peerless, matchless.

t^T (j» bUdgah, Ignorant, uninformed ;
unlooked-for ; careless, thoughtless, for-
getful.

u 41 ^ (_s* bi-dgahi, Carelessness, thought-
lessness ; forgetf lness ; want of informa-
tion.

{m s<f} ^ bi-dgahi, Carelessness, ignorance ;
— bl dgahi, Unexpectedly.

(jWWj biydlbdn. The language and cha-
racters which, according to Eastern tradi-
tion, were peculiar to those beings whom
they suppose to have inhabited the world
before the creation of man.

a uf bi-iltifdtl, Incivility.

a <^£i\ ijt bi-ulfat, Unfriendly, unsocial;
— bi-ulfatl, Want of attachment, unfriend-
liness, unsociableness.

a yW ^ bi-amdn, Merciless, pitiless, un-
relenting, unsparing ; — hamchu zamdni bi-
a"iani bila imhdl, Like unrelenting time
(giving) no delay.

a bi-imliyuz, Undisceming ; ill-

lired, rude ; — bT-imtiydzi, Indiscretion.

y^U« biydmadan, To enter ; to come.

a M ^j! bi-imld, Incorrect ; unortho-
graphical.

^jS^-fl 0 i bi-dmefchtacji, Freedom from
admixture.

ij-saw^W! biydmekhtan, To mix, to mingle.

<k~»l ^ bi-dmegh, Unmixed.
bay an, A species of tiger.

a yW> baydn (v.n. of Being clear,

distinct, manifest; speaking clearly and
distinctly ; declaration, assertion, affirma-
tion ; explanation, description; circumstan-
tial evidence ; perspicuity, clearness ; —
baydn shudan, To be explained (m.c.) ; —
bayan kardan, To explain, demonstrate, elu-
cidate, comment upon, illustrate, declare,
to render clear, evident, manifest ; to re-
late.

yUl^ baydndn, Name of a contemptible
race.

a ( _ 5 -»Ui>si\ ^ bl-intizditil, Disorder, mis-
government, mismanagement.

a <ji bi-intiha, Immense, infinite,

boundless.

<ji bi-anjdm, Infinite, boundless,

endless.

bi-anddza, Immense, immeasur-
able.

f,\ji\ ^ bi-anddm, Out of proportion ; —
bi-andami, Disproportionateness.

iLi^jj] ^ bl-andisha, Thoughtless, incon-
siderate ; foolhardy.

a ^ bi-insaf, Unjust; — bi-insdth

Injustice.

a (j^W^ ij» bi-in?ibdti, Incontinence.

a J^** us? bl-infi'dl, Shameless,
a >>S^ bi-auldd, Childless ; — bi-aul-adi,
Childlessness.

biydnuk, A reed from which mats are

made.

^je)V>» baydnwdr, Explanation, detail of
items.

baydna, A town in India, whence in-
digo is brought ; — biydna, An earnest, ad-
vance, pledge.

baydwdr, Work, business, employ ;

O'jWj biyawdn, A desert, solitude.
baydwar, Gain, profit.

biydwardan, To contract (as the
joints or muscles) ; to become irritated, to
grow worse (a wound) ; to bring.

biydh, Name of a river in Lahore.
i_s? bi-dkang, Dissonant, discrepant,
discordant ; unprepared, without proper
apparatus; — bT-dhangi, Discord.

a bi-vman, Without religion, or

faith ; — bi-imdni, Irreligion ; dishonesty ;
falseness, perfidiousness, faithlessness.

a <A*ril} ^ bl-bu'is, Without cause or rea-
son, why or wherefore.

a fji bi-bdq, Complete, entire.
a <j>^ ij> bi-bdql, Without a balance,
quits ; completion ; — bi-bdqi sdkhian, To
complete.

^ ^ bi-bdk, Fearless, intrepid, bold ;
impudent \~-bi-bdk kMrdm, Walking fear-
lessly, treading firmly.

a ^ bl-bdkdna, Fearlessly, impu-
dently.

,j> bi-bdkl, Fearlessness ; froward-
ness, sauciness, impudence.

A ) J^* es* bi-bdl-u-par, Unfledged ; power-
less, helpless ; — bi-bcd-u-parl, Unfledged
state ; powerlessness, helplessness.

>*> bi bad, Without blemish, faultless.

Jjk( iji bi-badal, Without equivalent ;
matchless.

ji bi-bar, Without fruit ; barren, fruit-
less.

cjSJj ,_5» bt-barg, j) ) eSJ? <jt bi-barg-u-bar,
Barren; poor.

,jt bt-bargl, Destitution, poverty.
^ji bl-bas, Helpless ; uncontrolled ; —
bl-basr, Helplessness ; insufficiency.

ay* 0 ) U-basar, Sightless, blind; with-
out foresight ; improvident, imprudent.

a <^~a> ^ bl-basirai, Blind, ignorant.

J*} bl-baghal, Poor, destitute, empty-
handed.

« ^ b't-baqd, Unstable, frail, transient.
J> ^ bl-bal, Weak, wretched, poor.
^ bl-bun, Bottomless, unfathomable.
^jt bi-band, Insecure, not secured ; un-
fettered ; — bl-band-u-bast, Unsettled (as a
country).

jUa} ^ bi-bunydd, Groundless, un-
founded; — bl-bunyddt, Groundlessness,
want of foundation.

«-r-r>} (

W bl-bakd. Invaluable, inestimable ;
worthless.

j^k* u» bi-bahlr, Out of season, inoppor-
tune.

*/K» ^ i>!-i)oAra, Destitute, indigent, de-
prived ; unfortunate, out of favour ; — chih-
ra'i bl-baitra. An unlucky, disagreeable
countenance.

o»o* bibi, A lady, a matron ; wife, mis-
tress of the house ; (for bih bih) well done !
bravo !

/»*? ^ bl-bhn, Fearless, intrepid, not
afraid of (j\),

f > ^ bi-pd-u-sar, Without feet aDd
head, utterly helpless, very poor and
wretched.

ls> bl-pdyan, Immense, infinite, end-
less.

j-H o* bi-pidar, Fatherless ; an orphan ;
son of a worthless father.

pjt, o< bi-pargdr, Irregular ; unprin-
cipled, of bad conduct.

> A <J bi-par-u-bdl, Mutilated, desti-
tute, without feather or wing ; without re-
source.

bl-pardagt. Disgrace, dishonour.
JJ ;i i_s* bi-parda, Without veil ; open, ex-
posed.

]iA ss* bT-parwd, Without fear, scruple, or
reflection; intrepid; — bi-parwd shudan, To
be bold, to have no fear or hesitation.

<J\))i (J ht-parioal, Carelessness, thought-
lessness, inattention, independence, indiffer-
ence.

;**;> ^ bl-parhez, Incontinent, dissolute ;
incautious ; inattentive to medical advice ;
— bi-parheel, Incontinence ; indifference to,
carelessness about, one's health.

O^Ji u» bi-pazhmdn, Intimate, familiar ;
— bi-pazhmuni , Intimacy, familiarity ; free-
dom from melancholy, sadness, or fear.

i_s< bi-pazhmdy, High-spirited ; cheer-
ful.

)ti o* bi-pir, Without spiritual guide ;
vicious.

o^ ! \rH iji bl-perdyagl, Absence of orna-
ment.

*s\pi bl-perdya, Unadorned (woman).

a i^~t» bait, A home, temple, edifice,
fabric ; a distich, verse, couplet ; — baitu
'l-hardm, (baitu 'd-du'a, baitu 'Watiq, baitu
'Hah), The temple of Mecca; — baitu 'l-ham
(baili ahzdn), The house of grief (where
Jacob mourned for Joseph) ; — baitu'l-Jchald,
A privy; — baitu 's-saqar, Hell ; — baitu 'sh-
sharaf, A sign of the zodiac ; the highest
mansion of a planet ; — buitu 's-sanam, An
idol-temple; — baitu 'Warns, A bride-
chamber ; (met.) the temple of Mecca ; —
baitu 'l-yfeazal, The choicest verse of a
poem ; — baitu 'l-mdl (baitu 'l-amtoal). The
treasury ; the effects of one who dies in-
testate or without heirs ; — baitu 'l-ma'mur,
The heavenly prototype of the temple of

215 ) ^

I Mecca ; — baitu 'l-muqaddas, Jerusalem ; —
| baiti thdhryar, The king's palace ; — baili
'ankabut, A spider's web ; — baiti fardjfh, A
pi ivy; — baiti rna'muri sharVat, The taber-
nacle of justice.
, V>' bl-td, Without a wrinkle ; beautiful.
\*tt b'ttd (in Zand and Pazaud), A house.
bi-tdb, Impotent, feeble, faint ; im-
patient, restless ; — bi-tdb shudan, To be
[ weak, impotent, restless ; — bi-tdb-u-tawdn
kardan, To debilitate or render impotent.

bi tdbdna, Itistan'ly ; voluntarily.
,_3»^ ^ bl-tdbl, Impatience ; inability.
I h J^sJ bi-tdt, Out of time ; ill-timed.
| a J~*tf ^> bi-ta'ammul, Inconsiderate ;
thoughtlessly, without consideraiion or re-
flection.

u a^rt bl-fdn, Out of tune.
<uW biidna (in Zand and Pazand), A
stranger,

a ks~f} baita-bait, From house to

house.

a ^ bl-tahdehd, Rash, precipitate.
a ij*^ ^ bl-tahdshi, Fearlessness, rash-
ness.

a ^ bi-tadbir, Incautious, unwitting,
inconsiderate, improvident.

a s-e»y^ bi-tartib, Irregular, disorderly.
a ^ bi-taraddud, Unhesitating.
a ij^yi-s ^ bi'tashivish, Without mixture,
j pure.

a 5 , - J - oJ bi-tasdi', Without trouble.

a (51*5 <jj bi-ta'aliuq. Independent; — bl-
ta'alluqi, Independence, freedom.

a ul><)\Jo ^ bi-iafawut, Indifferent to every-
thing, careless, negligent.

a w-iy>> ,j) bi-taqrlb; Without cause, with-
out apparent motive or reason ; — bi-taqrtb u
bi-waqt, Absurd and ill-timed.

aye-aii bl-taqfcr, Without defect, or fail.

a <-Alio ^ bt-takalluf, Without ceremony,
or compliment; unceremonious, frank;
abruptly; inconsiderately; all at once; —
bi-tafcallufi, Unceremoniousness, frankness.

a J~s» baital (abbreviation for baitu 'I-
mdl), The public treasury.

a fvasJ bait-lahm, bait-la ham , Beth-

lehem.

a bi-iamannd, Free from desire,

content ; — bi-tamannd'i, Contentment.

a j-*J ^ bi-tamiz, Undiscerning, injudi-
cious; — bl-tamm, Want of judgment and
discrimination.

a ytrs*i ^ bi-tamyiz, Undiscerning; indis-
creet ; un polite.

y» u» bl-tati. Impersonal.

J^* bi-tan-mdl, Escheat, property

devolving on the state through want of
legal claimants.

a *})» ^ bi-tauba, Impenitence.

a Myht baitutat (v.n. of **~st), Passing
the night; doing anything during the
night.

a <s^y j bi-tawajjuh, Inattentive, regard-

less, unkind ; — bJ-tawajjuhi, Inattention,
unkindness.

u ^jy iji bl-iutakdna, Contrary to custom ;
irregular.

L3^ fc j I <J> bi-tothagi, Scarcity of provi-
sions.

ij» bi-tosha, Unprovided, poor, help.

less.

a i^sif u? bi-taujlq, Graceless, destitute
of the directing grace of God.

a t-ASjJ ^» bi-tau>aqquf. Without delay.
u» bl-tah, Impatiently ; without a ves-
tige ; bottomless j an idle talker.

jW» ijt bl-tlmdr, Unwatched, untended,
unguarded, neglected, uncared for.

« «a»W» u» bi-sabdt, Without permanence;
— bi-sabatl, Inconstancy, instability, fickle-
ness.

Vrt bi-jd, Out of place, unseasonable,
wrong ; without cause or motive (m.e,).

j^Wirf bljdpur. Name of a city in India.
bejdd, 6j\q«t bejdda, Amber ; a stone
resembling a ruby ; (met.) night ; yellow,
faded ; — bejdda shudan, To become 3 ellow,
to fade ; to err.

6w>W** bejdda- db, Red, or yellow-
coloured ; wine.

*sft, sj^jj bejdda-rang, Amber-coloured
(wine).

£*> bejada-gun tegA, Blood-

stained sword.

s-J bejdda-lab, Red or coral-lipped.

« bejdda-muidb, Blood ; red

wine ; saffron-coloured wine.

bt-jdn, Lifeless; faint; valiant.
bijdnagar, Name of a city in India.

ijWei bi-jdnl, LifelessnesB ; faintness ;
trouble, disquietude,

a ""V >J> bi-jara'at, Lacking courage,
timid.

a fy^i bi-jurm, Faultless, innocent.
bijak, An invoice, a list.
b't-jigar. Timid, chicken-hearted.

a ^ji bijamdli, Want of beauty,

homeliness.

a s->^*«* bi-jawdb, Unable to reply,
speechless.

a j^y^rtt bl-jauhar, Unskilful, ignorant.

a la^itr*) bi-jihat, For no reason, for no
cause, in vain (m.e.).

<ji bi-jtwa, Without quicksilver, un-
coated, unfoiled ; — ayina'i bi-jtwa, A sheet
of plate-glass (m.e).

yUTj^,*} bi-charagiin, The helpless, unfortu-
nate.

^V^t bi-chdragi, Helplessness, necessity.
bi-chdra, j^Sj^si bi-chdrawdr,
Without remedy ; remediless ; hopeless ;
helpless, destitute, desperate, miserable,
reduced to the last extremity.

h J^#! bi-chdl, Unprincipled.

h <JV^ bl-chdli, Misdemeanour, ill-be-
haviour.

£W d> bi-chardg]i, Without lamp or

216 ) roi

light ; depopulated ; a desolated, unpeopled

bl-chashm, Eyeless.
bi-chaq, Name of a village near
Herat,
•i^rf blchand, A tree,
"fy^s? bi-chuba, A small tent without
poles.

Oypet bh chun, Incomparable, unparalled ;
inscrutable ; inexplicable ; pure, eternal,
divine (one of the attributes of God) ; [bi-
chnn-u-chira, Ineffable and inscrutable;] —
bl-chuni, Matchlessness, incomparablenesa
(an attribute of God).

baicha, A peculiar kind of roof
which contributes much to the comfort of a
winter habitation.

bi-chiz, Poor, possessed of nothing ;
— bi-chizi, Poverty, destitution.

tyJiWrf MhdrzMn, probably misreading
for fcjjJjU-rf q.v.

a ^sl4*W«( bi-hdshiyat, Without retinue,
unattended.

a J-°^» ,j> bl-hdsil, Fruitless, unprofitable,
barren ; — bi-hdsili, Unprofitableness.

«■ J^a=*f buhdl, Ill-circumstanced.

a vW< bi-hijdb, Unveiled; immodest;
— bl-hijdbana, Openly, shamelessly ; — bi-
kijabi, Immodesty, indecency.

a j bl-hadd, Boundless, immense, un-
bounded, infinite; immensely; — bi-hadd-u-
(ihumdr, Infinite and innumerable.

a i-ijaxA bl-harf, Without saying a word,
without contradiction ; doubtless ; imme-
diately (mm.ee).

a ti-Sjo. ^ bi-harakat, Motionless ; — bi-
karakatl, Want of motion, immovability.

a ui^f. ^ bl-hurmat, Disgraced, debased ;
— bi-hurmaii, Disgrace.

a bl-hisg, Destitute of feeling ; in-

sensible.

a ^jU-o. bt-kisdb, Countless; inconsis-
tent.

a j**- ^ bi-hasr, Unrestrained, unlimited,
infinite (m.e).

a if**- ^} M-huziir, Absent, inattentive;
disturbed; offended, irritated, enraged;
[U-hvzur shudan, To be confused, irritated ;
— bi-huzur kardan, To molest, to trouble ;] —
bl-huzuri. Disquietude ; anger ; inattention,
a want of presence of mind.

a Ufc» bl-hifdz. Impudent, indelicate.

a, ^ bi-haqiqat, Insincere ; ungrate-

ful ; insincerely.

a ^ bi-hukm, Without order or per-
mission.

a J! bl-hikmat, Unskilful.

a fla- bl-hilm, Merciless, severe, incle-
ment ; — bi-hilmi, Severity, inclemency.

tjt bl-hamlyat, Spiritless, das-

tardly, having no sense of honour ;-
hamlyati, Want of zeal or spirit.
a tjAf-^j bi-hawass, Bereft of sense.

-bi-

( 217 )

a bi-haya, Impudent, shameless ; —

bl-hayd'i, Impudence, effrontery.

£*» belch, A root, origin ; base, foundation ;
origin; — bekhi anjabdr, Bistort of snake-
weed (a herb) ; — bekhi pashm, Flesh ; — bekhi
jamaz, Fern-root (considered a specific
against worms) ■, — bekhi e-Hean, Liquorice ; —
bekhi shab-bo, The herb Bennet ; — bekA kar-
dan, To spread roots ; — behJk tetndtin, To
uproot ; — bekhi kohl. Fennel ; — bekhi gdssu-
rdn, White hellebore (considered a strong
vomitive); — bekhi-guli 'abbas, Jalap; —
bekhi luff ah, Mandrake; — bekhi moy. The
root of the hair ; — bekhi nargis, The bulb of
the narcissus.

ju- ^ bi-ihdr, Without thorn ; without
fear, or anxiety.

y£*l be&h.afgan, Throwing down trees.

fcA*^ o* bi-khdnmdn, ^ j o^- ^ bi-
khdn-u-mdn, Without a domicile ; a tra-
veller.

bekjk-dwar, Having many roots ; ivy.
*4^- <_5» bl-khdya, Without a testicle; a
eunuch.

a p*- bi-khabar, Ignorant, uninformed ;
incautious; without giving notice, unan-
nounced (m.c.) ; [bi-khabar shudan, To be
unacquainted with, to have no information
of;] — bi-khabari, Ignorance; imprudence.

(^aferf bekjitan (imp. bez), To sift; to en-
slave ; to render impotent, deprive of mo-
tion ; to become weak.

a txu. ^ bUjcJxutm, Uncircumcised ; — bi-
khutna mania, Left uncircumcised ; — bi-
kjtutna-mdndagi, A being left, or a remain-
ing uncircumcised ; uncircumcisiou.

(j» U-kharch, Without money or ex-
penses, without means, resourceless ; — bi-
khwchi, Want of money.

«>>*■ bUkhirad, Destitute of judgment,
dull.

(j&j*. sjt bi-khwrdagi, Lack of acumen,
stupidity.

>**^ y ^w! bl'khar-u-kjidwind, Without
master or owner.

(J* bi'khizan, Perennial.
jj-*- ^ bl-khass. bi-khas, Unpolluted,
afcet bikhattan, To be unfortunate and
destitute; to be enfeebled; to take pri-
soner.

ix—afcrf bikhjagta, Unfortunate, destitute ;
captive ; a prisoner.

i»»4>airt baikhutht, Torn up by the roots
(as a tree, &c).

a psket bi-khasm, Without an antagonist.

a bi'khata, Unerring.

ajvbut bi-khatar. Free from danger ; safe ;
uninjured (m.c).

t^£e» bekh-kan, Tearing up by the roots ;
a judge (as extirpating thieves), a marauder
(as destroying the subjects).

^ (fit bekh-kani, Eradication, uproot-
ing.

*>y*ej bikjtlush, Dross of iron.

bi-khamtr-maya, Un-

ci

leavened.

j*- ijt bl-khav, Without tares ; — bl-khav
kardan, To root out the tares, to purify.

bi-khwdb, Sleepless ; — bi-khwdbi,
Wakefulness, sleeplessness.

<■=— bi-khvdst, Voluntarily, sponta-
neously.

o^jsfc** bi-kJty>a%i, Flavourless ; maipi-
dity.

(j^^^fcet bi-kkwakish, Without inclination
or spirit ; without pursuit, object, or hobby-
horse.

bl-khwud, Out of his senses, beyond
himself, in ecstasy, enraptured, mad, in-
sane ; nonsense, absurdities, silly talk
(m.c.) ; [bl-khwud bi-kjiioud, Foolishly,
thoughtlessly (m,c.) ; — harfi bl-khwude xa-
dan, To talk without knowledge (m.c.) ;] —
bi-k]ttpudi, Ecstasy, rapture ; madness.

<ulj»ats* bl-kkwvddna, Like one beside
himself.

^f^jif*** bi-khmw-u-khyicib, Disinclined
to eat or sleep.

a u^awj bi-kjiauf, Fearless of danger ; —
bi-khauji, Fearlessness ; security, uncon«
sciousness of danger.

Lrij^-t^ bl-khwesh, c^s-iy*- ^J) bi- khweshtan,
Friendless ; mad, insane.

Aafc*j bikha, Weak, impotent, feeble, frail.

a JW*w» bl-k&iydl, Thoughtless, inad-
vertently without purpose (m.c).

*l«<t ^ bl-khlla, Purslain.

bid, bed, A willow, rattan ; a mouse ;
a moth which eats books or woollen cloths ;
useless, unprofitable ; name of an evil spirit ;
(for bawid and bdshid) may ye be ! [bidi
khdm, A green branch ; — bidi turkJt,
bidi tflharl, A species of willow ; — bidi may
nun, The weeping willow ; — bidi mushk,
Egyptian willow (Salix aygoatomon) ■, — bid-
wash larzdn, Trembling like the aspen ; —
bar bid budani bddrang, A cucumber (or
orange) grows on the wiiiow-tree, i.e. some-
thing wonderful comes to pass;] — bed (S.
veda), The Vedas ; knowledge.

a baid (v.n.), Perishing ; being cut
off; — bid (pi. of baidd). Deserts.

a nljLff baidd', A desert, an uninhabited
dangerous region ; name of a flat and exten-
sive tract between Mecca and Madina.

a J*-t<> o* bi-ddkjj.il, Not admitted, dis-
missed (as a claim, Ac).

o\j^j bl-ddd, Injustice ; unjust, iniquitous;
name of a city in Turkistan.

bi-ddd-pesha, tj~tf -A^ bl-ddd-
kish, A practiser or worker of iniquity.

jS^-Xe) bl-dadgar, bi-dtidmand,
ji^Xtf U-dddwand, A tyrant, an oppressor.

^jSj^jiej bi-dddgari, ^s^-m bidddl, Injus-
tice, lawlessness, tyranny.

biddr, Awake, waking ; wakeful, at-
tentive ; play, sport; — blddr ddshtan, To
keep awake ; — biddr shudan, To awake from

( 218 ) Id

sleep ; to be vigilant, alert, attentive ; —
bidar kardan. To awake, to rouse.

4*-*.;^ bidar-bakht. Of wakeful fortune.

Jo bietdr-dil, Vigilant, alert, quick,

sharp ; — biddr-dili, Alertness, quickuess.

j*» ;W biddr-maghz, Prudent, intelligent.

8}^>*** bidara, Timid ; inflamed with love ;
(for bizdra) fraud, deceit,

J^jk ^1.1^ bidar-hosh, Whose intellect is
awake,

t5^>**» blddri, Wakefulness ; vigilance, at-
tention; conscious; — chashmi biddri, (His)
wakeful eye.

m-^-Vrf bi-ddsht, Careless, negligent; —
bi-dashti, Carelessness, inattention (particu-
larly not taking care of cattle).

bi-ddgjt, Without scar or freckle ;

spotless.

f>\±s* biddm, Unjust; injustice.

}e¥\ ^ti bid-anjir, The shrub Palma
Christi.

(j~^"Vs) bi-ddnish, Ignorance ; ignorant; —
bi-ddnwhi, Ignorance; an unwiBe act, any-
thing inconsistent with one's profession.

a\±£ M-ddna, Seedless.

«>W bid'bdf, One who works on rat-
tans ; a basket-maker ; — bld-bdji, The wrt of
weaving with rattans (as bottoms of chairs
and panels of doors).

iity •Vrf bid-barg, A willow-leaf ; an arrow
whose head resembles the leaf of a willow ;
a spear.

(jH bid-bun, Willow-tree.

^Ua^ bidpdy, Name of a famous Indian
philosopher, known to us by the name of
Pilpay, and author of the celebrated col-
lection of fables which is best known to
us by the Arabic version Kcdila wa Dimna,
and the Persian Anwdri Suhaili, and which
itself is derived from the Sanskrit Paneha-
tantra and Hitopadesa.

t^tt bidakh, bidakh, An excellent horse;
fierce, untractable.

is-^-V} bedutht, The planet Venus.

a J*-»> (j! bi-dakhl, dispossessed ; excluded ;
withholding, keeping back part of the re-
venue; — bi-da&hli, Exclusion, dispossession.

a j±* baidar, A threshing-floor ; a corn-
bin ; a stack of unthrashed corn.

^ bl-dard, Painless ; unfeeling, piti-
less, mereiles? ; ~bl-da,rd%, Freedom from
pain ; unfeelingn., ss, inhumanity.

lt-'j-*** bl-darafeh, Name of a Turanian
sorcerer and warrior, brother of Gargasar.

^UjArf bl-darmdn, Hopeless, remediless.

tiGjJstf bi-dirang, Without delay, sud-
denly, instantaneously ; quick, alert, nimble,
brisk.

Sj^s* bidara, A blacksmith's ditch (a
round or square hole two feet in depth,
where they place their anvils, round which
they sit upon the ground, with their feet
in the ditch).

#j J u» bl-diregh, Undeniable, evident, in-

contestible, readily acknowledged ; unspar-
ing, ungrudging, unstinted, liberal ; re-
morseless, ruthless, unpitying ; — bi-direcih
shudan, To receive no denial; — bi-diregk
kardan, To agree, to grant without regret,
not to refuse.

tA"-"*** bidistdn, Grove of willows, osier-
bed.

j*««Vt} bi-dastar, Tiie beaver.

\ i bi-dast-u-pd, Without power or

authority ; astonished, stupefied.

j y— - V rt bi-dadur, Ill-bred ; without prece-
dent, unusual.

« Jy*-^ U-da'wd, Free from claims.

a jj*> baidaq (from P. pay dda), A pawn
at chess ; — baidaqi sim, A star.

lt-S bid-kash, A kind of weapon.

^ bid-giyd, A sort of artichoke.

J-Vrf bi-dil, Heartless, dispirited, out of
heart; pusillanimous; love-sick ; ignorant;
melancholy, dejected, sad, stupid.

2>*ef bedild, bidald, Vain words, idle talk.

<"Sj*i bi-dilana, In a spiritless or heart-
less manner.

i^sW bi-dili, Heartlessness ; cowardice.

t^*^^. M-damdgh, Braiuless; ill-tempered,
easily provoked, irritable, testy, impatient;
— bi-damdgM, Impatience, irritability.

J^*J*» btd-mdl, Rubbing the rust from a
sword or mirror with a willow stick.

*siA<* J** bld-mushk, ^J>>j-^ bid-moih,
Name of a fragrant shrub.

(•■*<» bi-dami marddn, Without the
breath (spent in prayer) of (holy) men, i.e.
saints.

ey"- 1 *! bi-dumi, Absence of tail.

oWj^ bi-danddn. Toothless; — bi-danddn
shudan, To lose the teeth,

\y* (jj bi-dawd, Beyond remedy, incurable.

jV**' bedwdz, A mountain in Transoxania.

bi-durbdsh, Without hindrance,

Jyy bi-daul, Shapeless; uneducated, ill-
bred.

y.jXsj bl-dos, Innocent, faultless (little
used).

a ct-ijj ^ bl-daulat, Unfortunate, un-
happy ; incapable ; ill-conditioned ; — bi-
daulati, Bad luck, misfortune.

cy^rf bidiin, Without.

^jljj Udwand, A stone used medicinally.

a ut-4JSJ j_5? bi-dahshat, Undismayed, un.
appalled.

(jaij Jaa-j bi~duhul-raqs (dancing without
a drum or tabor), Who talks out of place.

^ bi'dahan, Unable to speak ; a
poor orator.

tsJ-rf bide, A willow, a single willow.

a u^JUj ^ bl-diydnat, Irreligious, unjust.

bjuj ^ bl-dida, Blind; saucy; ungrate-
ful.

a ,jt bl-din, Irreligious, heretical ; an
infidel.

bizdra, Fraud, deceit (see Sj^j^).
a jirf baizaq (from P. pay dda), A road-

J* ( 21

guide ; a foot-soldier ; a pawn at chess ; a I
commander; a falcon.

a Jj"* bl-zauq, Tasteless, insipid ; — bi-
zauqi, Tastelessness, insipidity.

jrf bir, Lightning ; thunder ; a thunder-
bolt ; a deluge ; a bed, bed-clothes ; a hand-
some vest ; learning by heart.

a )S) bi'r, A well, a pit.

h ytt Mr (S. bhratri), A brother; (S. vira)
a hero, an athlete; (S. badara) the fruit of
the jujube-tree.

t js» bir (jt bir), One.

•Ajti birdd, Old, decrepit, impotent.

$jtt berdz, The horn of any animal.

te-^ps* bwaeta, A Tillage abounding in
palms.

bairaq, A standard, ensign ; a troop.
^*>^#> bairdq-ddr, A standard-bearer,
cornet.

H bairdgl (S. vairagi, nom. of vai-

rdgin), A Hindu mendicant and penitent,
who, having forsaken the world, leads a
wandering life.

Tf\jti bairdm, A Muhammadan solemn
festival.

t>V berdn (for ^j>.y toerdw), Desolate.
berdna (for werdna), A place full of

ruins.

&V» bi-rdh, A devious path, a by-road ;
a wanderer, who deviates, errs, or loses
the way ; astray ; unprincipled, dissolute ; a
courtezan; anger; misdeeds, unbecoming
acts ;— M-rak shudan, To wander, stray,
deviate.

^ bi-rdh-shcvwa, "Wandering, stray-
ing.

toUtf bi-rdha, = q.v.

t^V* bl-rahl, Deviation from the right
way ; — bi-rdhi kardan, To be guilty of
excess.

a <-S°\) bi-ra'y, A fool, idiot, imprudent
man.

a ^ijti bi-rabt, Irregular, undisciplined.
^*j?;*> blrbushd (Zand and Pazand), A
cucumber.

a f^ap) birbhum, Name of a district in
Bengal.

a Vj ^ bi-ratba, Without dignity or
rank ; worthless.

a. f/t-y |_s> bl-rahm, MercileBs, cruel, savage ;
— an bi-rahmi qdti'u 'r-rakim, That pitiless
wretch who abandons parents and relatives ;
— bf-rahmi, Hardness of heart, cruelty.

)ja bvraz, A fuller's beetle.

VyfSi birzad, berzad, Iron filings ; solder ;
galbanum.

Una, bensa, birzay, berzay, Gal-
banum.

j^c ^ bi-rustdyi 'id, Innocent mirth,
a ■) <jj bi-ra,mn%, Irregularity.
a y-j bi-rasan, Without a halter ; disso-
lute ; ill-compacted,
us!*) ^ bi~raehk, Unambitious ; spiritless.
a jj} bi-rizd, Without leave.

9 ) ^

a J/*? bairaq, A standard, flag, pennant,
colours; a troop; — bairaqi nvr, Peep of
dawn.

bl-rag, Heartless, without emula-
tion.

«w^s} birgand, Name of a city.

bairam, A kind of silken stuff; —
blram, A dish of kidney (unsupported by
examples).

a. fja? bairam, A gimlet; liquid collyriuin ;
a long stone ; a hoe, a pickaxe.

birun (for birun), Out, with-

out.

s—» W'^rf blrinjdsb, The plant southern-
wood.

bi-rang, Colourless; dishonest; the
sketch or outline (of a picture), the plan (of
an edifice) ; the Divine essence divested of
attributes.

% <jt bi-ru, Shameless, scurrilous ; bold,
rash, inhuman ; a purse.

oh) bi-rawdn, Lifeless, inanimate.

i_5*W* bl-rawd'i, Without splendour,
lustreless.

a ojjjit bairut, A maritime city in Syria.

tyyiA biruj, The herb mallows.

ji) ^ bi-roz, Unfortunate ; a green stone
of little value.

a sjjjsi birozaj (for P. &j$ti pirotsa) , A tur-
quoise.

j>3\p ^ bl-rozgdr, Without occupation or
livelihood.

ojjysi birozan, A precious atone ; a load.

Jjjij*} birom, A garment for daily wear.

<£)X> bv-ro%i, Destitute of daily bread.

o^jj bi-raughani, Want of oil.

($yy»> birun, berun, Without, out of doors ;
exterior, extrinsic, foreign ; the outside ;
from, a great way from ; — birun dmadan,
To come out, sally forth ; to revolt ; — birun
dwardan (burdan), To bring out, extract,
draw from; — birun firistddan, To send
abroad, to emit, send out, despatch away ; —
birftni qal'at, The ramparts and ditch, the
outskirts of a fortress (m.c.) ; — birun kar-
dan, To extract, draw forth, lead out, export,
throw out, eject ; to except, exclude ; — az
birun, From without ; — dar blrun, Outside,
out of doors.

^Ji±*\ typi blriin-amadagl, A turning out ;
a projection, prominence, protuberance.

blruntar, More foreign or external.
Qftei birun-jastagi, Saliency.

V* 6UJ** blrun-sard, Not stamped at a
mint.

birun-shau, Termination, exit.
6i }ye > blruna, An outside garment, a cloak.
^yjsi biruni, External ; tho outside ; a
shirt, a shift ; excluded, excepted,
^^.j birwrwn, External.

bira, A wimble, an auger ; a mouth-
ful, chew ; name of a fortified place on the
Euphrates ; — blra'i pan, A chew of betel-
leaves offered to a departing visitor.

( 220 )

ftera-«an, An earthen pan for

baking.

(fl^***> (j* fo-raAn.wwi.an, Without a road-
guide,

o*j <j» &?-rafci, = ^ q.v.

tSjisj 6trt, A bed ; a cushion, a carpet.

* kyt* H-riyS,, Sincere ; sincerity ; sin-
cerely • — bi-riycPi, Sincerity, candour.

a s^e» bi-raib, y ^ bi'raib-u-riyd,
Without doubt, indubitably.

u**p>» M risk, Beardless.

**tjei bl rurfta, Without fibres, fibreless.
Fetid water:

yet bet, btz (imp. of be&Man, bvkJitany, Sift
thou ; (in compos.) sifting ; stricken.

jt>» bizdr, Free, clear ; absolved ; healed ;
wearied, disgusted ;—b%zwr shudan, To hare
an aTersioa,.loathe, abhor, detest ; to be free
from fault or debt ; to become languid or
low-spirited, to despair ; — bizdr leardan, To
fatigue, vex, disgust.

yysi bizdr a, Magnanimous ; a lover.

t^yti fc&ari, Vexation ; anger, ill-humour,
displeasure ; unconcern, indifference ; a
royal diploma ; a charter of liberty, a letter
of manumission,

yWj ^ bi-zab&n, Without a tongue ; nrute,
dumb.

o*ty us* buzabdnl, Dumbness, silence.
a vt~**y~t bi-zahmat, Easy (m.c).
j)a» bi-mr, Moneyless; a miser j avari-
cious.

J!)** bl-mr-k&arid, (Obtaining) without
purchase.

<JJi) ls* bi-zari, Poverty, lack of money.
(Ji H-zang, Free from rust, untar-
nished.

I Oj J bi-zan-u-jamand, Without
wife or child.

;Vj <J> U-zinhdr, Who gives no pardon
or security.

o*j (j» bl-zani, Bachelorship.

a J^rj ^ bi-mwal, Unchangeable, im-
perishable.

« bi-zov, Weak, impotent.

yjjyrf blzon, A bison (m.c).

V>>» bUzahra, Without bile ; good-tem-
pered, patient, forbearing; indefatigable;
shameless.

«^4j } s-ij <j> bl-zib-u-t&nat, Ugly, awk-
ward, inelegant.

0-*»>rf bizidan, bezldan, To sift.

yi>rf bi-sin, Unsaddled.

fceje&an., Name of a hero (son of Gev
and nephew of Eustam).

j^t)>* bezhanwdr, (A hero) like Bezhan.

»3*» ies/ia, Pure, genuine ; special, pri-
vate.

^ M-8dM<agt, Sincerity, artless-

ness.

<sj*.L. ^jj &i-sd&A<a, Undisguised, plain,
artless.

jL, bi-sdz, (^*^ ^ i^bi-saZ'U-sdmdn,
Unprepared, unaccoutred ; useless.

_ bi-eamdn, Poor ; restless, dis-
turbed ; wicked ; disproportioned ; stupid j
— sari bisamdn, A brainless head, a dunce,
a dunderhead.

ls> U-sdmdm, Poverty ; disturb-
ance ; calamity.

^—ti baisdu. Name of a place.

a s bi-sabab, Causeless, without mo-
tive.

yV* hi-sipds, Ungrateful.

«^~«« bist, Twenty ; injured, damaged ;
— best, Stand ! stop ! wait !

bisid,^. Impudent, shameless, rajsb.
sJ bestdr, Superfluous ; such a person.

gj^ls™, ^ bi-sitdragdn, Without stars,
starless (night).

S J^ o* bi-sitdra, Unfortunate, ill-starred.

jjjU— s» bisitdn, Passed, gone by (plur.).

^jVSju^i bfstagdni, A monthly pension,
which used to be paid upon the twentieth
day ; wages ; pay (of an army).

o^*— ** bisiagi, Impunity ; the leprosy.

(**-~ei bistum, The twentieth.

^r 5 "*** bistUn (bi-sutun, Without pillars),
Name of a mountain in Persia; the hea-
vens.

tj*— «( bisti, A Persian coin ; (in Hindu-
stani) water-carrier.

t ^t* 1 j t bistln, The twentieth.

fS~<t M-saj, Shapeless, ill-made.

t)jfc>» ^ Msukhun, Dumb, silent; doubt-
less.

j—** bi-sar, Headless; peerless ; — besar, A
hawk.

<j, bi-sardfs&r, Ill-tempered, evil-
disposed ; unfit, incapable ; inattentive,
negligent.

^j-tt bemr&k, bemrdk, A young and
strong camel; a camel's colt two years old;
a young camel whose dam is Arabian and
sire double-hnnched ; an ass ; a mule.

(flV* o* bi-sardn (without masters), Persons
who attain eminence without parental in-
struction.

i_3^*"r" ^ bl-surmagi, A want of colly-
rium ; a neglect of the application of colly-
rium to the eyes.

^ ) y d> bi-sar-u-pa, Without head or
feet ; weak, powerless, totally destitute ;
immethodical ; a circular shell or bead.

^•Jj^ui bt-sar-u-diU, Absence of mind.

(^~>ij- i_s» bi-sar-u-sdmdn, Unfurnished,
destitute, helpless; confused, intricate; de-
plorable ; depraved, villainous ; mean, gro-
velling ; dirty, unclean ; wicked, impudent,
lascivious.

S;— ti besra, A sparrow-hawk, merlin; a
mule.

a uvoU- bi-sa'ddat, Unfortunate ; un-
happy.

a cy*"" <jt bi-suktln, Restless, always on
the move.

a ^ bl sikka, Unstampt (coin) ; with-
out respect or esteem, without freshness or

( 221 )

beauty ; one who has no right to coin
money ; hence powerless, dependent.

a jjj&sL. ^ bi-satiqagi, Inexpertness, awk-
wardness ; want of taste.

a mA^ ^ bi-mliqa, Immethodica'i ; inex-
pert ; wanting in taste.

t)—e* besan, Deadly poison.

<j*. bi-sang, Without weight or
gravity; without respect or influence.

a ^'r* U-sawijd, "Without learning,
unlettered.

a JV" bUtuwdl, Who begs or aBks of
no one.

beswr, Name of a city.

if i_s* bi-soz, The extinguisher of a candle.
hl-gu 1 !, Without reference to (local)
direction ; not limited.

a <Jp~ bi-sirati, Bad conduct, lawless-
ness, impiety.

lAj? besk, Much ; more ; great ; good,
proper; best; well ; excellent, elegant ; de-
lightful; [besk az In chi kunad (kushdyad),
What more can he do, or can be done;] —
bisk, Name of a poisonous plant resembling
ginger.

a jaU. <j> bi-'skdkid, Without evidence,
unwitnessed.

a ^ bi-ehd'iba, Without 'doubt.

^ besh-baka, Of great price or value.

j^<* besk-bahdr, Bempervivum, house-
leek.

a *■***• bi-skvbha, Without doubt ; un-
doubted.

j^tt beshtar, Often er, for the most part ;
more ; broader ; longer j exceeding ; — dti
chix yd beshtar, Two or more things.

ifif***! beshtarin, The -most, the greatest.

a ,j> bi-skaraf, Without honour or
dignity ; — bUshcuraji, Dishonour, indignity,

pf (-5* bi-sharm, Shameless, indecent.

<j*f ijt bi-ekarmi, Immodesty, sharneless-
ness.

a ^ bl-shu'wr, Ignorant, unconscious-;
a blockhead ; — M-shu'url, Ignorance, stu-
pidity.

besh-farotfh, Who sells out.
a u^&ht, bl-skafqut, Pitiless, harsh, un-
kind.

a yi^i besk-qimat, A high value or

price; valuable.

a bi-shakk, s-ij ) bi-skakk-

u-raib, <^ } ^ bl-shakk-v-Bkubha,

Without doubt, doubtless; without ques-
tion, unquestionably.

jbUvsj beekkdr, Unremunerated labour.

&f^> ut bl~ikukuk, Fearless ; vincomplain-

,_5? bl-ekakih, Impatiettt.
beshktn, Honorific names of the
poets NiKami and Farya'bi.
jU* ,jt 'bi-zehumdr, Innumerable.
Jttf bish-mosh (also far atu 'l-bls?i),A
mouse which lives amongst the roots of the
plant bith (see o~<).

) cr*» 'beth-u-kam, More or Iobb ; a
moderate quantity.

<J£** <J> bl'skuy, •HusbandlesH.

o'j* tjt bi-shnl, A maiden state, celi-
bacy.

bisha, beska, A forest, wood, wild,
uncultivated cou»try ; a country overgrown
with reeds and the like; a shepherd's pipe ;
— blska'i bi-tosha, The nook of poverty.

(jA** beski, Excess, increase.

A bais, bis, Adversity, calamity ; con-
fusion ; difficulty, straits.

a j** <j)^M-sabr, Impatient, not brooking
delay.

a iSjt*> <j? bi-sabri, Impatience, restless-
ness.

« ^ o* bi'Sadd, Dumb, returning no
echo; noiseless (m.c).

a Hf ^ bPsarfa, 'Useless, inconsiderate ;
nonsense.

a £ bl-sarfa-go (-</"), An idle

talker.

a ck*> (jt M-saldh, IlUati vised, headstrong.
a Ja*- ^ M-saiqal, Unpolished,, unfur-
bished.

a u**} bai? (v.n. 1 ), Laying an egg ; be-
coming inteuse (heat) ; a swelling on the
fore-foot of a horse ; a mark fixed to
public writings by the magistrate or any
principal officer ; (pi. of baizat) eggs ; — bit
(pi. of fcaifa'), Fair women; bright swords;
— ayywmu 'kin?, The 12th and 18th (or,
according to some, the I3th, 14th, and
15th) days from the new moon, as being
the brightest.

a baizd' ;( ! fem. of abyaz), White;

bright, clear, clean, pure ; the sun ; a fair
woman ; name of a town in Persia and
several other places; — ummi baizd', A
boiler, kettle ; — mandra'i l baiza', The white
to-wer (of Damascus where the Muhamma-
dans believe that. Jesus 'Cbriat descended
from 'heaven).

a ^Ssj^a ,j> bt'Zdbitagi, Irregularity.

a &a»tt bi-z'abita, Irregular, contrary to
rule.

a .jt^ bcnzdbl (for baizavii), A species of
Persian writing where the curvatures of
the letters are oval.

a <uUie* baizdna, The official mark of a
superior officer ; the perquisites-of a magis-
trate for marking public papers.

a ^ 'bi-zabt, Irregulax', unrestrained,
wanton.

!o»j j bUzabt'U-rabt, Without order

or connection.

a Mrf baizat, baiza, An egg ; a testicle ; a
helmet; the middle of anything, especially
of a house or city ; (also bizat) name of a
town ; [baizd'i dtithin (dftdb, aftak, ckarkh,
sipakt), The sun; — baiza afyanclan (an-
ddkhtan), (met.) To fear ; — baiza'i alwdn,
Coloured eggs for children to play with ;
• — baiza bar dwardan, To castrate ; —

( 222 )

baiza parwardan, To hatch, or to brood ; —
baiza'i khaki, The terrestrial globe ; — baiza
dar db, An egg in which the bird has not
begun to be formed ; boiled ; — baiza dar
kuldh, An egg which jugglers conceal in
their cap ; the human heart ; — baiza dar
kuldhi (bar sari, dar a/sari) lease shikastan,
To break an egg in one's hat (upon one's
head) ; (met.) to put to shame, to make one
a laughing-stock ; — baiza'i zar (sarriri), An
ancient Persian coin (so called from its
elliptical form) ; the sun ; — baiza'i subh,
The sun ; — baiza'i 'arnbar, A grain of amber;
— baiza'i ffdad, A steel bead ; — baiza'i qil'l,
An ostrich-egg ; — baiza'i kafur, Snow ; the
sun ; the moon ; lightning ; — baiza kardan
mysht, To clench the fist ; — baiza'i mdhi,
Fish-spawn ; — baiza nihddan, To lay an
egg; — baizaha'i zarvn, The stars ;]— teat,
A white kind of light soil.

a tsr 4 ** baizavny, Oval, elliptical ; made
of eggs, relating to eggs; name of Abu
Sa'id, a native of the city of Baizah, and
author of a celebrated commentary on the
Qur'an.

<4)W *Arf baiza-basi, A game played with
eggs by children.

a ^S«5*i*» baizagar, Oviparous.

a jjAa baizi, Whiteness, purity.

a jUsftj baitdr, A horse- doctor ; a veterinary
surgeon.

a u~*U» ^ bl-taqat, Without power, impo-
tent ; — bi-tdqat-u-tdb shudan, To be de-
prived of all power.

a ^^i^ bl-tdqati, Impotency, imbecility.

a ^ji bi-tdli', Luckless, unfortunate ;
— bi-tdli'i, Ill-luck, misfortune, adversity.

a ^ bl-tarawatt, Want of moisture
or sap ; siccity.

a & <_5» bi-tarah, Unmannerly, uncivil,
uncouth ; badly.

a^Ji^ ^jf bi-taraf-ddr, Of no party, im-
partial, uusectarian ; — bi-taraf-ddri, Impar-
tiality.

a (jjW baitari, The veterinary art ; —
bait art kardan, To practise farriery.

a ^ bi-ta'm, Without flavour, insipid ;
without food.

a s-Ji bi-talab, Uncalled, unsought,
unrequested.

W-j } ^ U-talab-u-raja, Without

request or petition.

a bl-tam-, Not covetous; disin-

terested.

a ^ bi-tama'i, Disinterestedness.

a jjS» ^j? bi-twtir, Ill-mannered ; — bt-t,aiiri,
Unmannerliness, rudeness.

a «J^t ,j bi-zarf, Without the power of
containing.

a £a bai' (v.n.), Selling; sale; buying
and selling ; commerce ; [bai 1 dddan, To
pay the price or earnest*money ; — bai'
zadan, To strike a bargain; — bai 1 kardan,
To sell, to buy ; to trade, to traffic ; — bai' u

shard, Buying and selling ; commercial
transaction ;] — biya' (pi, of Wat), Christian
churches.

o* bi-'&r, Without reproach, blame-
less, faultless.

a ts^jilc ^ bi-'&qibat, Lost ; unhappy.

a 451 **) bai'dna, Earnest-money ; advance.

a ^ blSbrat, Unwarned by example,
unawed.

A bai'at, Inauguration, salutation,
or acknowledging the authority of a great
man ; swearing allegiance ; homage, fealty ;
[bai'at bastan (raftan), (in the language
of the Sufis) To become one's pupil ; —
— bai'at dddan, To stipulate, to give the
hand upon making an agreement; to ad-
minister the oath of loyalty or fealty; —
bai'at shikastan, To break faith or the oath
of allegiance ; — bai'at kardtm. To agree
with, to receive a promise or pledge for the
settling of a bargain; to promise or plight
loyalty or fealty;] — Wat, A Christian
church.

»« j bi-'add, bi-'-adad. Countless,

innumerable.

a J-ic bi-'adl, Unjust, lawless.

a JiJus ,j) bz-'adil, Incomparable, un-
equalled.

a <*>yc bi-'izzat, Inglorious, dishonour-
able.

a ^J)* ^ bi-'iestati. Dishonour.

a Jto ^ bl-'aql, Without judgment or
intellect ; infatuated ; foolishly,

«■ tjt bi-'aqli, Want of sense and
understanding ; infatuation ; levity, foolish-
ness.

a ij-^c ^ bl-'aks, Unreflected ; without
counterpart, peerless.

a i_s^j^ ^ bl-'ildqagl, Want of con-
nection.

a <u>^ ,j> bi-'ildqa, Unconnected.

a ^ H-'illat, Without cause or

reason; safe, secure, free from accident;
independent.

a gsi bai'-ndma, A bill of sale.

a d-jUe ^ bi-'indyat, Unkind, rude ; reck-
less, unconcerned.

a s-^s ^ bt-'aib, Without blemish, fault-
less.

baighu, A parrot.
jW» baigkdr, baighdra, Eeproach,

reproof, chiding.

bighdl, A short spear, demi-lance,

pike.

a bi-g&dyat, <s*^ ,j> bughdya,

Endless.

^ bi-gfcubdr, Not reached by the
dust (heaven).

a Jtjt bi-gharaz, Disinterested j inde-
pendent; indifferent.

a diUyu* bl-ghflrazdna, Sincere, pure; dis-
interested ; sincerely.

a ^ bi-gharazi, Disinterestedness.
,ji ot-jt^aaAsfc, J* j u 8 ^ ^ bt-gAashsh-

( 223 )

u-jfMll, "Without hatred or dissimulation ;
without deceit • a sincere friend.

a (J 1 bl-ghamm, bl-gjtfxm, 4>U* ^ bi-
g&amana, Without grief or anxiety; free
from sorrow ; at ease, unconcerned.

a lj** ls* hl-ghamml, bi-ghamt, Freedom
from sorrow.

a ^jj bi-ghaur, Shallow ; inconsiderate.
(= <A)A~, q.v.), Corner, hole, cave.

aa*> Ugha, Fuel, fire-wood.

^ti baigjj.1, Removal, repulse.

a uLfje&^j) bl-ghairat, Spiritless ; a cuckold.

a isj^i*; bi-fd'ida, Without advantage ;
useless, unprofitable ; ineffectual.

bl-farzana, Ignorant, unwise.

^Jtf* us* bi-farzand, Bereaved (parent).

u> bt-farmdn, Not subject to any-
one's order or command.

a £y> ^ M-furUgh, "Without success ; in-
conclusive.

<i<^*>/ ^ (»^^ farangi) bi-farhang, The
imprudent Franks (or Christians in gene-
ral).

aj&u> bi-fikr, Thoughtless, rash; content;
— bi-flkri, Freedom from care; thought-
lessness, unconcern.

a ^ M-fahim, Slowness of apprehen-
sion.

a *^**V S *» b't.fahmid, Slow in comprehend-
ing.

a j^iAtt bl-faiz, Unprofitable, possessing
but not bestowing (as a learned man who
does not communicate his knowledge, or a
rich man from whose wealth no one receiyes
advantage) .

ji^at bi-qtibu, Without restraint ; secure.

a &±tt\Jt~i bl-qd'ida, "Without order ; irre-
gular; without foundation.

a JVirf bi-qal, Dumb, speechless.

a bl-qadr, "Without dignity ; — bl-

qadri, Worthlessneas ; disesteem.

a I*** ls* bi-qadam, "Without a footing, un-
fortunate.

a j\f~i bi-qardr, Inconstant, unsettled,
rariabie; impatient, passionate; afflicted,
impotent.

a t£j^«*» bl-qirdrl, Instability, restless-
ness.

a &>if ^ bl-qarina. Irregular ; peerless,
incomparable.

a j xd ^> M-gasd-u-ikhtiydr, Unin-
tentional, involuntary ; unwillingly ; sud-
denly ; casually, accidentally.

a _y*S*f bj-qusur, Without defect, without
fail ; completely, entirely ; faultless, inno-
cent,

beqatun, Proper name of a man.

a (j^ls*) bl-qal'l, Untinned (as a pot).

a J^sj bi-qaul, Regardless of one's word,
faithless, perfidious.

a yW 5 ^ bi-qiyas, Incomprehensible; im-
mense, infinite, inexplicable, contrary to the
common order of things, abnormal.

a xArt bi-qaid, Unrestrained, irregular ; —

bi-qaidi, UnrestrainedneBs ; (moral) aban-
donment.

a u^*-J> bi-qimat, Inestimable ; worth-
less.

« y^? 2 *? bi-yaqin t Certain, for certain.

«sX*j ba-yak, To one, with one ; — ba-yah
nim nihdd, He left it half-finished.

_>^*} bl-kdr, sj&it bi-hlra, Without em-
ployment or profession ; an idle, lazy
fellow, vagabond, vagrant ; incapable of
work, useless.

<j* bl-kdr raftan, Dolce far niente,
otiuin cum dignitate (m.c.).

iS)^** bi-kdri, Want of employment,
idleness.

f>^6> bi-kdm, Disappointed,
usi-ri ba-yak bar, At once ; suddenly.

a iSji^f* bi-kibn, Want of pride, modesty,
humility.

t\j csXsj ba-yak rdh, At once ; at one stroke.

bl-kardn, Immense, unbounded.
(j~£>* bl-kas, Friendless, destitute ; an
orphan; — bl-kasana, Friendless; in a friend-
less manner ; — bl-kaal, A friendless condi-
tion, solitude.

) <j~£ <j> bi-kas-u-gu (go). Utterly-
friendless, destitute of companions.

(_55 bl-kafsh, Shoeless, barefoot.

M-kafshi, Bareness of feet; want
of shoes, discalceation. /

a bi-kafan, Unshroude'd ; — bi-

kafanl, Burial ol an unshrouded body.

baikam, A portico, vestibule, veran-
dah. '

.\i } fS ^ bl-kam-u-kdst, Without in-
crease or diminution, without defect ; com-
plete, perfect, entire ; accurate. I

•i^**} baikand, A city built by Jamshed.
l _ 3 S^ bl-kai, Without period.
t ti£*> beg, A lord, a prince ; title put after
the names of servants aiid petty officials
(m.c.) ; — begd-begl, Lord of lords,, prince of
princes. ^

sjV£,) bigdda, Averse from women, impo-
tent.

J3L# begdr, Employing anyone without a
remuneration ; — begdr giriftan, To force one
to work without pay.

blgdra, Impotent.

^JZi\£~Z b&gdnagt, The situation of a
stranger or person unknown ; the being a
stranger or alien ; foreignness ; hostility.

A>\£l} begana, Unknown, a foreigner,
stranger, alien ; — bigdnd u khwesh, Strangers
and relations, foreigners and natives.

£>tS-} begana-biim, Of unknown or
foreign lands.

ls\# a{$~) begdna-nihdd, Of a strange
nature or disposition.

iV^ej bigdh, Unseasonable ; delay ; even-
ing.

yUSri bl-girdn, Inestimable, infinite,
jofj «iJyrf beg zdda, Beg's son, young noble-
man (m.c).

( 224 )

u* bi-gazand, Unharmed, unblemished,
o™/ <J* bi-gatartdagi, Freedom from
hurt.

t ^jirf jl«aSif» beglar begi. Prince of princes
(m.c).

t ^S,! begam, A lady of rank (related to
beg, as M£»am to kjinn).

yUi^f bi-guman, Without doubt.

J^o* fr'-ywmdnl, Certainty.

baigan, -ulj htrigand (~ )M$ kzmdiz,
q.v.), Name of a city in Turkistan (see

iUS-tf bi-gunah, Innocent, guiltless, harm-
less ; — fri-pwia/M, Guiltlessness, innocence.

oV <j» (jro'i), = ^ q.v.

b'igah. Ill-timed ; delay ; evening ;
(= q.v.) a lady of rank.

H 4g£*t bigha, A measure of a third of an
acre.

J*» bel, A Bhovel, spade ; an oav, a
paddle ; the loins ; a basket for carrying
away rubbish; a gunner; a gardeuer, a
vine-dresser; (in Zand and Pazand) a well ;
— bel zadan, To work with a spade ; — beli
kishti, An oar.

h J«* bel, An Indian fruit containing in
a hard shell a pulp resembling the apricot
in flavour.

beld, Money to be distributed in
charity.

id bild-barddr, One of the retinue of
a great man who scatters money amongst
the populace, an almoner.

beldq, A flower ; a garden ; a cool

grot.

<*»W bihik, A gift, a present (pi. bil&kdt
and bilak-hd).

ijfa bildy (in Zand and Pazand), A
well.

a .J b't-libder, Nakedness, nudity.
J^ltr* belcha, A hoe, a small mattock.
a bi-lihaz, Inattentive, indiscreet,

ill-bred.

JAtf bel-ddr, A digger, delver ; a pioneer.

Oj J** bel-ean. Who works with a spade
(as a gardener, Ac).

4*~l<tf belasta, The fingers ; a kind of rose.

a u>iW-* bi-latdfat, Unpleasant, harsh.

a <_*U ^ bl-lutf. Unkind, ungracious ;
inelegant ; insipid, vapid ; — bi4utf7, Un-
kindness ; inelegance ; unpleasantness.

yule} bilagkun, Name of a province and
town in Turkistan (prob. for q-v )-
Uluft, Name of the planet Venus.

yjaiArf Uyalfahhtan, To gain, to collect.

jj^4e» bilfakhand, A collection, assembly.

yUlej bailqdn, Name of a city in Armenia
Major, near the ports of the Caspian Sea ;
name of a district in Persia.

^JULrf bailqanl, Of or belonging to Bail-
qan.

«*U*} bailak, A royal mandate ; title-deeds ;
a two-headed arrow; — bilak (also «^el*»
bilik). Wise counsel, good advice -,—belak,

A hoe or small spade ; a kind of arrow
resembling a small spade.

o* bi-ligdm, Unbridled ; licentious,
intemperate.

A yUl** bailamdn, Name of a place in
Yamao ; also one in India or Scinde cele-
brated for its swords.

!»le» belwa, A druggist, an apothecary.

"»» bela, A mattock ; an arrow with a
broad head resembling a hoe ; an oar, a
paddle ; an island ; a sort of medicine ;
a tray on which drugs are exposed for sale;
a royal mandate; the title-deeds of an
eBtate ; pus ; the silk- worm's cone ; a cheek ;
a side.

bilik, see under »*Us4 b'dak.

fnt I'm (S. bhima), Pear, terror, dread,
danger;— bimi jan, The danger of life; —
ax bimi satwaiaeh, From fear of his power ;
— dor bimi haldk, In dread of destruction.

a J-*- W» bi-md-hasal, Useless, unprofit-
able ; unfortunate, unlucky.

bi-mddar, Motherless.

jW* btmdr, Sick, infirm, afflicted; the
eye of a mistress ; [bimdri bdrik, Consump-
tion ; — bimdri digq, Colour blindness ; —
bimdri tangin, A severe illness; — bimdri
siydh, A black or burning fever attended
with perspiration;] — for bim dr (imp. of
dviardan), Fear thou, be afraid.

AiljU*» btmdr ana, Sickly.

kt ***j* j'*** bimdr-parast, A nurse of the
sick.

bimdr-purs, Who inquires after
or visits a sick person.

J^* 9 * bimdr-purei. Visitation of, or
inquiry about, the sick ; — bimdr-purgi nu-
mudan, To visit the sick.

y£+ ^*st bimtir-jigar, Diseased in the
liver.

bimdr-chashm, Languid-eyed.

jW-t blmdr-iA&na, A hospital, in-
firmary.

btmdr-kJtei, Convalescent ; raising

the sick.

jta blmdr-ddr, An attendant on the
sick ; — blmdr-ddri, Attendance on the sick ;
— bimdr-ddrt kardan, To tend the sick.

cjjj j 1 *** bimdr-zkun, Regimen of invalids;
sickly, ailing.

yCjUej bimdrsdn, Like a sick person;
(for bimarist&n) a hospital.

rjUri bimdr-fiianj, Infirm, ailing ; love-

y^jUrf bimdr.girdn, Having a chronic
disease.

yjJ'jU^t bimdr-gun, Sickly-coloured.

yli' jUs* bimdr-gin, Diet of the sick ;
valetudinary.

ialU)U-» bimdrndk, A valetudinarian, in-
firm, ailing.

ijUrf bimtira, Sick, infirm, indisposed.

^jU-t bimdri, Disease, sickness, infirmity ;
— bimari'i bdrik, A consumption ; — bimdri' i

( 225 )

wngin, A severe illness ; — bimdra'i kudak,
Diseases incident to children.

bimdrin&k, Sickly (country).

* J^* u> bi-ma'al, Absurd, vain, fruit-
less ; — su'dli hi-ma'al, An absurd demand
or question.

a. utUu ^ bi-mdUk, Without owner or
master.

tjU-rj btmdn, Dishonoured ; dishonour-

ab!e.

<j> bi-mdimnd, Incomparable, un-
paralleled ; effaced, obliterated.

a Jy"^ bt-ma'wd. Uninhabited, inhos-
pitable.

i-mayagt, Indigence, poverty.

*>U ^ bi-mdya, Poor, indigent ; mise-
rable, worthless.

jt pel bim-bar, Price, value ; frightened ;
— bim bar (imp. of burdan), Fear thou, be
afraid (comp.

a 0 ! bi-misul, Incomparable, un-
equalled.

a JW**J bi-majdl, Powerless, impotent,
a ^lfc*4» bi-muhabd, Unceremonious, dis-
respectful ; unsparing, unstinting, liberal ;
fearless; — bi-muhdbd palang, The world;
fortune; death.

a ^ bi-muhdsaba, Without calcu-

lation, at a venture.

_ * J**irf bi-mahaU, Impertinently, ill-
timed.

a ij» bi-mahalli, Incivility.

a yu» ,j> bi-maddr, Without a pivot, in-
firm, unsteady; — bi-maddri, Instability.

a bl-madad, Unaided, destitute,

unassisted.

y* 0 ! bi-mar, Immeasurable, innumerable.

a J^M bl-murdd, Against (one's own or
another's) will.

a d«*=*j»« ^ bi-mar Aam at, Ruthless, piti-
less.

iiS?- j> bi-marg, Undying, immortal.

a ^yf <ji bi-muruwat, Clownish, rude ;
ungenerous, uncivil, brutal, inhuman ; — bi-
muriiwati, Inhumanity, cruelty, incivility.

■iy It-muzd, Without reward, hence
worthless ; — duzdi bi-muzd, An infamous
robber.

jjt bl-mazagt, Distaste, disgust ; insi-
pidity, a nauseous taste.

ty ^ bi-maza. Insipid, tasteless; nau-
seous ; — bi-maza kardan, To disgust.

a . ^j, ki-masdz, Without founda-
tion.

a Jj*— • bi-musamma, Misnamed ; not
answering to or agreeing with its name ; — •
iitni bi-mwamma, A misnomer (m.c).

a us-JLt* bi-mashaqqat, Without trou-
ble.

a Jy»- ^ bi-ma'na, Unmeaning; vain,
frivolous ; absurd, unreasonable, ill-
founded ; vainly, foolishly.

a (J-*-* ^ bi-mu'aiyan, Undefined, un-
limited.

^ bUmagli, Without depth, shallow.
y**d bl-mayhz, Brain-sick, brainless,

giddy, superficial ; — bi-maghzdni tar-daman,
Fornicators, adulterers.

a J^ 4 * ^> bi-maqal, Dumb, speechless,
silent.

a^-*» o» bUmiqddr, ^.is- bl-maqduv,
Without authority ; without resource ;
poor.

6V£*-> blm-gah, A place of danger or
terror.

a ftto-iu bi-muldkasa, Inconsiderately,

y bi-man, Spiritless.

>±!U*<fi blmndh, Fearful, afraid, timorous.

a ^> bt-minnat, Without the necessity
of asking, without entreaty ; without fa.
vour or obligation; independent; disin-
terested.

<u*«> bimand, The mili-clapper ; rattles
used by watchmen and boys ; any noisy in-
strument by which birds are frightened
from gardens.

a E}+*i bi-mauj, Smooth (sea).

a •^>-f- <ji bi-mujib. Without cause or
reason-

<3jj**» b'tmiirt (probably for bim-wari),
Majesty, reverence, awe, severity.

bimiis, Unleavened bread.

a bl-mausim, Out of season, un-

seasonable.

^■a> y ,_5? bi-mu-ehudagi, Baldness.

6ja y ^ b't-mu shuda, Become bald ;
bald.

a ^ bj-mauqi', Out of place, unsea-
sonable.

isy* i_s* bi-mtly, Bald, without hair.

bima, Insurance against risk ; — bima
kardan, To insure (m.c).
bi-mihr, Unkind.

(JfrV* ij? bi-mihri, Unkindness.

ysi bin (imperat. of didan), See thou;
(in comp.) seeing, discerning, comprehend-
ing, as — haq-bin, haqiqat-bin, Discerning
the truth, &c.

a y} bain (v.n.), Separation, distance,
interval ; between, among ; [bain bain,
Betwixt and between ; middling, mediocre,
tolerable, indifferent ;] — bayyin, baiyin,
Clear, lucid, evident, manifest ; plain.

U-» bind (pi. blnaydn), Seeing, clear-
sighted ; a sort of long grass ; a month ; —
bind shudan, To set'.

s->^ bindb, A viaion.

a } baiyindt (pi, of baiyinat), Evi-
dent proofs, evidences.

JjL-j bina-dil, Clear-minded, intelligent.

6,tu> bin dm (perhaps misreading for
ijUij q.v.), A gigantic demon ; a frightful,
detestable face.

y.Vi-} binds, ciUl— * bindsak, A window.

[•L-t bi-ndm, Without a name ; nameless,
anonymous; without character or reputa-
tion; the ring-finger.

^•j^U ^jt M-ndmue, Without law or reli-

( 226 )

gion ; uncivilised, rude, rustic ; — bi-ndmus-
u-nang, Clownish, without politeness or
shame.

cA-*-** j i^ji bi-ndm-u-nishdn, Without
name or character.

^j*^ <j> bi-ndmi, Anonymous.

^J^m bind.' 7, The eye ; perspicacity,
strength of sight or of mind, penetration,
vision ; a lunar month (in the Zand avesta) ;
— bmd'i-rafta, Sightless, whose sight is
gone.

A &m baiyinat, An evident demonstra-
tion, a positive proof ; — baiyinat awardan,
To bring proof, to demonstrate clearly (by
witnesses) .

W^e^e* biyanjidan, To sift ; to be taken
prisoner ; to be made captive, helpless, and
impatient.

blnad, Hopeful ; a number (doubtful
meanings) ; — biyand, They are.

bindu, Spurious, of bad extraction,
ignoble.

a ■ii^t) bi-nadid, Peerless, incomparable.

(_r*>» binish, Vision, sight ; providence.

bi-nishdn, Without sign, mark,
or trace ; — bl-niskdni, Absence of a sign,
mark, or trace.

a Vr~s-^ bi-nasib, Destitute, poor, portion-
less ; — bi-nasibi, Ill-luck, misfortune.

a jt^ - tf bl-nazir, Matchless, unrivalled.

a ^j- W; ,. ) bi-naziri, Pre-excellence, incom-
parableness, matchlessness.

a J"!^ bt-na'l, Destitute, poor.

a (j"* 4 * ts? bi-nafas, Breathless.

frA^ usXiej blnaki chaskm, The pupil of the
eye.

a W*» baynama, In the mean time,
whilst.

jUi ,jt bi-namdz, Prayerless ; (met.) a
menstruous woman (not allowed to say
prayers).

,jjUi ^ bi-namdzi, Ceremonial impurity
in women (disqualifying them for engaging
in prayer).

mWe? bi-namak, Insipid, saltless, taste-
less ; ill-favoured.

bi-namaki, Insipidity ; ill-beha-
viour ; ingratitude, faithlessness.

Ay*} ,j} bi-namud, Invisible.

xlu} binand (from didan), They see, will
see, or may see; hope, expectation; several ;
how many ?

^■MJ^i binandagl, Seeing, sight.

sjLu-j binanda, A spectator, beholder ; the
eye ; provident.

ia. C » t ? bl-nang, Shameless ; disreputable,
without honour or reputation ; faultless.

,j*y»U j iiSjj u» bi-nang-u-ndmus, Without
good name and character.

nangi, Shamelessness.

V t-s* hi-nawd, Helpless, unfortunate, un-
provided ; a beggar ; silent.

bi-naicd'i, Indigence, poverty,

beggary ; destitution, fasting ; want of voice
or speech.

a bi-nur, Without light ; blind; — bi-
nur kardan, To extinguish.

J^f^ blwrnh (perhaps misreading for
J*j~4 q-v.), Hark ! listen !

a tifT* bainunat (v.n. of Being
placed at a distance, separated, or distin-
guished (one from another) ; being joined ,
separation of parts.

bina, The place in a bath where people
undress.

a h^ifr* bi-nihdyat, bi-nihdya, Without
end, endless, infinite.

bini, The nose ; the snout; the
brain; the toe of a boot; (2nd sing. pres.
of dtdan) thou seest, wilt see, mayest see ;
— blnl baatan, To close the nostrils ; —
bini'i eharagh, The wick or flame of a
candle ; — bini'i khuh, The snout of a hog;
— bini zadan (kardan), To turn up the nose,
to scoff at, scorn, despise ; — bini fishdndan,
To sneeze ; to blow the nose ; to grunt ; —
bini'i koh, The nose of a mountain ; a pro-
montory, peak, ness.

bi-niyiz. Without prayers or en-
treaty, in want of nothing, independent,
able to do without; who lacks nothing
(God) ; free ; — bi-niyaz kardan, To relieve
from indigence, to guard one against want,
to give charity.

(jj^J <j> bi-niydzi, Independence, fortune,
t^rt bini-band, The nose-coverer, i.e. a
veil worn by the Arabian ladies.

binl-ddr, Pointed at the toe (boot,

shoe).

ij^i binx-dar, The curtain of the door
of a chamber or tent ; a cramp-iron which
fastens planks.

bhti-dardx, Long-nosed ; a stur-
geon.

*)•> t^ct bini-dara, The nostril.
)) <j*** bint-war, A veil covering the nose.
ye) bayo, A bride ; — beyo, Jew, A moth.
;^*» bewdr, = q.v.
a >£»,\j ^j? bi-ivdris, Heirless, without an
owner.

a Jt« *±>j\ } ^ bi-wdris mdl, Property that
escheats to the Government in default of
heirs.

beivdra, A foreigner, stranger;
destitute ; without rank or consideration ;
a rolling-pin.

bewdz, Quiet ; a bat ; acceptance,

reply.

tj*!j\j*? bewdzidan (according to others
y-ii^jei bewdridan), To answer, to grant a
request.

a &~\ } bi-wdsit.a, Without means ;
causeless.

a ^J\) ^ bi-wdli, Without a patron or
protector.

yljtt biwdn, Leave.

( 227 )

Independent, without

<*> (j? bi-wdhima, Without regard or
respect for (m.c.) .

bi-wdyagi, Independence, no

want,
want.

y^jW^irf bayobdridan, bayaubdridan. To
bolt in eating, to swallow without masti-
cating (see yjjjljjl).

B^js* bayuburdan, bayauburdan, To gulp
down, to bolt.

H fcSj^je* biyopdrl (8. vy apart), Dealer,
trader.

a ul>j-j bMj/wi (pi. of bait), Houses.

a ual>^ buyutat (pi. of buyut, pi. of baif),
House-expenses; account of such; house-
hold; house-tax; an office for registering
the effects of deceased persons.

° u 5 ^** buyutdtl, Holder of the above
charge.

a •iff) ,j> bl-wujud, Non-existing; humble,
low; mean, vile.

A >>j9< buyud (v.n. of J*}), Departing from
one's friends ; perishing ; setting (of the
sun).

y«» biwar, beuear (Z. baevare), Ten thou-
sand ; the kernel of a walnut when dry and
bitter ; — bewar, bayur, Name of Zahhak.

>»ysi betvard, Name of an ancient cham-
pion ; name of a city in Khurasan.

s— bewarasb, Zahhak, a king of
Persia.

^y*' biyaurambura, A town in Egypt.
u*j*» bayua, Avarice, cupidity ; hope, ex-
pectation ; humility ; flattery.

bayueanda, Abasing oneself ;

hoping.

B^j-jof bayusidan, To hope; to excite
hope ; to flatter.

^•yti buy-Ash, Humility ; listening ; hope ;
sham poverty.

fc>A«A*je» buyushdnidan, To cause to sub-
mit.

a i^*) <j* bl-waz'l, Breach of good man-
ners.

a <J bi-watan, Homeless ; an exile ; —
M-niaJaur, Exile, banishment.

a ^ bi-wafd, Faithless, insincere,
deceitful; fickle; ungrateful.

a sJM) ^ bi-wafa'i, Want of faith ; per-
fidy ; ingratitude ; fickleness.

a J*; ^ bl-ivaqdr, Without fame or
character; undignified; dishonourable.

a u» bi-waqt, Ill-timed, unseason-
able.

a bl-waqr. Without character ; dis-
honourable.

a <J^ij ^jt bi-wuqvf, Inexpert ; uninformed ;
— bi-wuqujl. Ignorance ; folly ; fatuity.

iiSj-i bayog, (JSy^ bayogdn, A bride.

ij\$f* bayogdni, Nuptials ; a marriage-
feast.

O-J^eJ biyaugandan, To throw.
bewagl, Widowhood.

y-*elj*» buy&lidan, To hope, trust, con-
sider (doubtful word).
bayiin, Opium.

•*>j*» bewand, Treachery, fraud, perfidy.
bewa, A widow ; a widower ; a stran-
ger ; wild cucumber.

«jsj bewa-zan, A widow.

,_/ 6 jrt bewa-gi, Widowhood.

baihtida, Singed ; \baihuda thudan,
To get yellow from proximity to the fire ;]
— bi-huda (for bi-hoda), Vain, absurd ;

useless ; villainous.

u> hl-hiras, Fearless, intrepid.

a (_n*f> baihas, A lion ; a strong, cour-
ageous man ; a woman who walks well ;
name of a man proverbial for taking
retaliation, or lynch-law.

a. *o baikasiyat, A Muhammadan sect.

tiJUS bihisht-gang, = *2&S u^&w q.v.

,3*0 baihaq, Name of a city.

JU*o bi-himdl, Incomparable, excellent ;
peerless, without equal or fellow.

a vs-*a ^ bl-himmat, Without exertion
or resolution; humble, unambitious; lazy,
slothful ; mean, vil'3 ; pusillanimous ; — bi-
Mmmati, Lack of ambition, spiritlessness ;
pusillanimity.

Is+ a - t bl-hamid, Incomparable, inimitable.

t^te? bihan, A porcupine.

ji^fc ^ bi-hanjdr, Pathless.

y&i bl-hunar, Ignorant, unskilful.

^jUt ^ bi-hunari; Unskilf ulness.

P^Ss&j bl-hangdm, Ill-timed, unseason-
able ; what has not reached its full time j
unfledged.

■ijiei baikod, bikod, Cloth, Ac, singed and
yellow, from being too near the fire.

^jSoj&jj bi-hodagi, Absurdity, folly, levity.

yjjftrf baihudan, To singe ; — bihodan, To
talk nonsense.

Bj^fei baihuda, Singed ; [baikuda thudan,
To be singed and yellow by fire ;] — bihoda,
Immodest, obscene ; vain, futile, imperti-
nent, absurd, ridiculous, foolish, ill-applied,
without foundation, ill-timed ; unprofitable;
useless ; false, villainous.

ijjtet bi-hoda-khwdrl, Thoughtless
expenditure, dissipatiou, prodigality.

jtf a Jjfej blhoda-kdr, Frivolous, trifling ;
jocose, jocular.

£ sjjtej bihoda-gu, Raving, doting ; a
dotard.

jfjf sjjfej bihoda-gu 't, Vain talk, balder-
dash.

\J>)M bi-hoth, Insane, mad, distracted ;
unconscious, insensible, fainted, swooned;
— bi-ho8h ehudan, To lose one's senses; —
bi-hosh gardidan, To lose one's senses, to
swoon ; to become infatuated.

bi-hoshl, Insanity ; fainting, a
fainting fit, a swoon ; stupefaction.

(^si bihin, Better ; swift-paced.

^ bi-ytir, J^^t <j» bi-ydrmand. Friend-
less, defenceless.

( 228 ) &

v

p (called ba'i fdrsi or bd'i 'ajami), The
third letter of the Persian alphabet, which
is interchangeable with <J fe, as — farm or
parti, taped or safed ; and often with v» be,
as — padshdh and bddshdh.

V$ The foot ; a footstep, vestige ;
cause, pretence, pretext ; power, strength ;
opposition, resistance; — pa ba-ddman kar-
dan, To court retirement; to bear patiently ;
to be contented ; — pd basian, To be impri-
soned ; — pd basang rasidan, To trip ; to
become conscious ; — pd baland kardan, To
lift the foot ; to run ; — pd pas dwardan, To
abandon, recede, give up a pursuit ; to be
routed ; — pd pa* ddshtan, To have an aver-
sion to a wife, to approach her seldom ; —
pd Ithpurdan, To be deceived, to be cheated j
— pd dddan, To make to go, to send ; — pd dar
zamin amadan, To fall often ; to fall rarely ;
— pd raftan, To go on foot ; to go off (m.c.) ;
— pd rikdb bar-ddshtan : To ride on horse-
back ;— pd shudan, To rise (m.c.) ; — pd'i
daman, That part of a skirt which sweeps
the ground ;— pd koftan, To stamp the foot ;
to be offended, or ashamed of ; to be near
dying ; — pd guzdshtan, To carry one's steps ;
to implant oneBelf ; — pd'i man hast, That
is my business (m.c.) ; — az pd ufttidan, To
trip, to totter ; to be weak and languid ; —
dar pd uftddan, To become helpless.
^ pd-afzdr, A shoe, a slipper.

)\U>\ ^pa-afth&r (foot-pressed), A treadle.
\> pd-anddz, Carpets spread on the
pavement at the entry of a king, &c. ;
presents placed at the feet of a great per-
sonage ; a door-mat for cleaning the feet.

<&r»\ h pd-auranjan, An ankle-ornamect.

)ty \ pd-auzhdr, A treadle.

j*l ^ pd-dhu, A building of a hexagonal
form ; a house adorned with stucco ; the
world.

pab, A father ; the Pope.
W- j* *i pd-bar-jd, Firm, immovable ; al-
ways.

^ pa ba-rikdb, On horseback.

yrj» ^> pa-baranjan, An ankle-ornament.

**w ^ pa-batt, Foot-bound.

yjjS' aAi \i pd baland kardan, To lift up
the feet, to run.

ju» U pd-band, Fetters ; swathes ; fet-
tered.

u*J* ^ipa-bos, Kissing the feet; reveren-
cing ; the heel.

<j~j» ^ pa-bosi, Reverence, worship, adora-
tion.

<&pi ^ pa-bog, = J*)> ^» q.v.

y>« pap, The Pope (m.c. from Fr. pape).

l>l} pdpd, Father ; the Pope.

pdpazh, Uneven grounJ ; soft clay.
v>j> ^ pd-posh (foot-cover), A shoe, slip-

per ; — pa-posh ba-rai shaitdn diikJktan, To
know how to set about a thing better than
anyone, to teach one's grandmother how to
spin (m.c).

<j» ^» pd-pay, Pursuit, persecution ;-- f&-
pay shudan, To pursue, to persecute
(mm.cc.).

^» pd-pay dda, On foot.
-pat, A throne.
^ pd-tdb, Similar ; comparison,
equality.

^ pd-tdba, The ribands or straps of
sandals ; wreaths ; bandages, rollers ; a
sock; — pd-tdba kushddan, To return from a
journey and settle down.

pdtdn, Together with.
8^*i pdtdiva, A sock ; plenitude ; a kind
of cushion.

<j*W^ pdtiprds (in Zand and Pazand),
Recompense, retribution.

pdtat, Worthy, suitable,
^a** ^ pd-takhta, A shoe of undressed
leather; the treadle of a weaver's loom.

h f \ pdtar, A singing or dancing girl ; a
prostitute.
*^^} pdtrigdh, A patriarch.
ISa? ^ pdtiehgd, The egg-plant.

^ pd-takya, A foot-stool.
<*li'^. patila, A copper saucepan.
pdtingd, The egg-plant.
pdtu, The signs Gemini and Virgo;
(according to others) Aries and Scorpio; a
large earthen pot.

patuwd, A kind of shoe ; a sock,
o/^i pdtun, <s*y^. pdtuna, A falcon marked
with a distinguishing sign.

Je^ pdtil, patila, A cauldron, kettle,
pot (of copper or brass).
jU«Jlj patimdr, Haste.

pdtini, A sieve.
<s-*W ^ pa-jama, Trousers, long drawers.

pdja, A piece, portion, fragment.
ijft^ipdji, Mean, low, grovelling.
dJU^Aj pdjiydna, Meanly,
us— >j> paji-parast, A patronizer of

mean upstarts.

gk- <j>V{ pdji-missdj, Mean- spirited.
J«?^ pdchdl, The treadle of a weaver's
loom ; a cook's shop, a place where they
sell heads, feet, and intestines (of oxen or
sheep) ; a fruiterer's, greengrocer's, or
baker's shop,

yUAj pachdn (for pdshdn), Scatter-
ing.

tl» U pdrchdh, AaU- pd-chdha, A weaver's
treadle, or hole in which he places his feet.

AjVijAi pdchaya, Ordure, urine, filth.

«X^> pdehak, Dried dung used for fuel.
U pd-chila, A snow-shoe.

jU*. U pd-chandr, A servant always in
readiness.

<uL»^ pdch-ndma, A surname ; an ally.
<j<*»\> pdchang, Small loop-holes in forts,
through which they can look with one eye

( 229 )

only ; garret - windows, fan - lights over
doorB ; a shoe, a sandal.

^f&pachuk, Cow-dung dried for fuel.
pacha, Feet (of sheep, calves, or
other animals, especially when boiled),
trotters; trousers (m.c.).

^Aw* pdcha-farosh, Cooks who sell
the heads of animals ready dressed.

W^**^ pachidan. To scatter; to go softly.
pdchila, A shoe, sandal ; a snow-

shoe.

tk pdkh, G-old or silver full of dross or
bad alloy, unrefined ; adorned, ornamented,
decorated; beautiful; ingratitude; vile,
base ; lime, plaster, mortar, cement ; an
ambassador, envoy, legate ; a beautiful
form ; yesterday.

(jjjyf cdU. ^pd-ihdk kardan, To trudge.
pdkjita, A bricklayer's plummet.

Sj*-^ pdkhara, pdkhira, pdkhra, A seat, a
stool, a bench.

a ^pd-Tchata, A tool of a jeweller.

tz~.\yt. U pd-Mwdst, ut~-ys- ^> pd-khwust,
Trodden under foot.

pdkhira, Lowest row of stones in a

0; 5 ^"k pdkhtra-zan, A builder ; a mixer
of mortar.

•Aj pad, Protecting, guarding; a guar-
dian ; great ; firm, durable ; a throne ;
power, possession.

j\j 1* pd-ddr, Permanent, fixed, immove-
able ; always, continually ; a spirited, met-
tlesome horse ; the 20th day of the month
of the era of Jalalu 'd-din.

paddri, Constance; resistance

(m.c).

pdddeh, A companion; also —

n*&\Siip<idd8ht, t^^padashan, Revenge,
vengeance, retaliation, reprisals; reward,
compensation; retribution (good or bad),

l»\*> ^ pa-dam-, A gin, a springe, made of
horse-hair for catching birds ; a bird tied by
the foot to decoy others ; an oratory ; one
who prays with great devotion.

t>*'«» l» pa-daman, That part of a skirt
which touches the ground.

pdddniyd, A root like a carrot
(doubtful word),

j\<i\pdddv, = )\^» q.v.

QV^pddbdn, A foot-band, a tether.

;>A> padar, A trembling in the limbs.

jl.j ^ pd-dardx, Content, at ease ; boast-
ful.

d)V* ^ pd-dardzi, Boasting, arrogance.

s*»j j J ^ pd-dar-rikdb (foot in the
Btirrup), Mounted on horseback .; prepared
for a journey; in dying state; beginning
to turn sour; anything beginning to go,
become bad and spoilt.

JS ^ pd-dar-gil, Stuck in the mire ;
embarrassed, entangled, bewildered.

port. pddri, A Christian priest ; a
learned and good man.

j*j pdd-xahr (protecting from poison),
The bezoar-stone.

vs— .J Vj pd-dasi, Buying or selling on
credit.

\J">^, pdda$h, Recompense, retribution.
pdd-shd, si* pad-thdh (protect-
ing lord), An emperor, sovereign, monarch,
king ;— pddshdhi chin {khutan), The sun ; —
pddshdhi nim-roz, The king of Sistan; the
sun; happy, fortunate; Adam; Muham-
mad.

AiUViijb pddshdhdna, Royally, imperially,
befitting a king.

u^UjIj padshdhat, Royalty.

«o^j s\ajIj pddshdh-zdda, King's son,
prince.

^ftUoU pddshdhi, J>\ pdd-shd'i,

Kingdom, empire, monarchy, royal dignity ;
a reign ; royal, imperial; — pddshdhi randan
(kardan), To reign, to govern ; to oppress.

*a>>^ pddskah, A king.

ytfj U pd-dukdn, A man with a small
stock-in-trade, who, sitting at the foot of
another's sbop, does business with his help ;
a broker.

<W pddkdna, pddikdna, A high roof ; a
window.

J pddal, A flower.

*a£»>A> pdding, a&jVj p&dinga, A flail ; a
pestle for separating rice from the husk.

^ pd-dav, <j\)J ^ pd-dawdn, Who runs
on foot by the side of a man on horseback.

pdda, A herd of oxen ; a drove of
asses ; a walking-stick ; a meadow, a pas-
ture.

5jI{ pdda-bdn, A shepherd, a pastor.
<*\* pdd-ydb, jljJ^ pdd-ydv, Washing,
purifying (a thing) by prayer.

>t J pd-dir, j>j ^ pd-zir, f„) Vi pd-zir, A
prop, support, buttress.

jU par, Past, elapsed ; heretofore ; last
year ; a bit, a piece ; a skin, a tanned hide ;
flight.

etyi pdrdj, A present to a superior, or
guest.

*»\>^ pdrdd, A military review (m.c. from
Fr. parade).

}Vv pardv, An old woman; name of a
district of Kazwin.

parcha, (dim. of par or pdra), A
piece, segment, section, morsel ; cotton or
linen cloth ; a garment, a robe.

i^fe pdrcha-bdfi, Cloth - weaving

(m.c).

jtf d^jU pdrcha-kdr, = ^ 8jV> q.v.
JjVj pdrad, A tike, or cattle-louse.
<;}\j)U par dan, A sack ; a goblet ; wine.

pdr-dum, A crupper.
jOjb pdrdu, Balm.

«oj pdr-zada, Benzoin (see J jj^); a.
child's bib.

u^jli pars, A pard ; an animal smaller
than a leopard and trained to hunt ; ounce,
cheeta ; Persia ; Pahlu, eon of Sbem.

( 230 )

^•j^iparsd, Pure, chaste, devout, pious,
holy, religious, abstinent, continent, above
reproa.cn ; legitimate, lawfully born ; clever,
skilful, adroit in business ; Persian, Persic ;
— pdrsa-mn, Pure, chaste, devout woman ;
the wife of a holy man.

J*— j% pdr-sdl, The last year.

(jfUj^ parga'i, Chastity, purity, absti-
nence.

,j%->)^ pdreji, One who has charge of
panthers or cheetas (m.c).

par-sang, A make-weight.

&~>^ipdrsa, Indigence; poor; mendicant;
beggary.

(j-;^ pdrgi, A Persian ; Persic.

t)C-j^i pdrsiydn, Parsis, fire- worshippers.
i_5-y^ pdrsi-ndma, Persian history.

&j<* pdrah, A pard ; a leopard.

(jf^ pdrgi, A prostitute ; prostitution ; a
horse ; a sink.

tfttyi pdrgln, A sink, sewer ; dirty water.

x£) ^ pd-ronj (foot-labour), Money given
to singers and dancers at weddings and
other entertainments ; a remuneration to
messengers or errand-boys ; — pdranj, An
orange.

&r j ^ pa-ranjan, An anklet ; a garter.
pdro, v;y^ pdrob, A shovel ; a paddle ;
an oar; a curry-comb ; an old woman; —
pdro zadan, pdro kashidan, To row (m.c).

<i%\ pdrud, A prop, a vine-prop.

O^tyi pdrudan, To throw out with a
shovel.

pdrzlcha, A vessel to carry clay or

earth.

pdrula, A chip, a splinter ; a jester,
a jocular man ; a scamp.

8>U para, A piece, portion, fragment,
morsel ; an iron mace ; flight ; a gift ; a
bribe ; born, a son of ; a kind of sweetmeat ;
a blemished damsel ; quicksilver ; the isle
of Paros ; — pdra'i dtith, A spark of fire ; —
pdra'i drd, Gruel for the poor ; — pdra'i tan,
A limb; a relation, a relative; — pa/ra
dddan, To bribe ; — par a zadan, To mend
or patch (a garment) pdra'i mrd, A
strip of yellow cloth which the Jews in
some countries are obliged to wear ; — pdra
Jcardan, To tear (m.c).

& A & jh para-para, In pieces, piece-meal;
by instalments ; a few, certain (words) ;
— pdra-pdra, ahudan, To evaporate in steam
(boiling water) ; — para-pdra hardan, To
divide into portions ; to tear to pieces.

«A4. ijo ijU pdra-pdra skuda, In pieces.
Sj^ p&ra^khipak, Who accepts a bribe,
lives on bribes.

)) J 8 jH pdra-doz, A botcher; a tent-maker.

csjjj pdra-dozi, Patching, botching.

S3j para-zada, Patched.

j\£ t } \ pdra-kdr, Airy, saucy ; a coquette.

sJtjk pari, Succeeding well, anything
which happens fortunately ; fruit ; of last
year.

v^j^i pdrydb, pdrydv, Tillage by

means of irrigation.

pdrldan, To fly.
pdriz, Autumn ; an old man.
i&fe pdrin, Last year ; of the last year.
<^ij^ pdrina, Old, ancient.
3^ pax, Sincere ; elegant, graceful.

pdzdj, gl^ pdzdch, A midwife ; a wet-
nurse.

pdzdr, A peasant's shoe made of raw
leather, or the bark of a tree ; any kind of
bandages wrapt round the feet ; an infant's
swaddlin g-clot hes.
Ufepdzbd, The bezoar-stone.

pdz-purml {pur mai?), Name of
a village near Mashhad, celebrated for its
grapes.

<3j*H pdztari, A portion, a part.
t)H pdzakh, A voice ; a sigh, lamentation.
^ pd-zada, Trampled, trodden under

foot.

\J>j\i pdeish, A weeding up, rooting of
weeds.

ytffa pdeglr, Tail of a serpent or dragon
(doubtful word).

Oj^ pdzan, The mountain-goat ; = <*bj»
q.v.

•Uj l> pd-zand, A commentary on the
Zand.

utlij^ pdzanak, A pimp, a pander.

rti) v pdzum, Meat, food, victuals.
pdza, A shepherd's crook.
pdzahr (for j*)^ or j*)^ q.v.),
Treacle, an antidote against poison or
venom ; the bezoar-stone.

s->i) ^ pd-zib (-zeb), A chain anklet, or
female ornament, consisting of heavy rings
of silver resembling a curb-chain, occa-
sionally set with a fringe of small spherical
bells charged with shot, all of which tinkle
at every motion of the legs.

fij l> pa-zir, A buttress, a shore for a
wall.

l fH p&zlra, A part of the night ; a bat.
fcR}^ pdzin, A part of the night.

pdzh, A place in the dependencies of

Tus.

fcj^ pdzkakh, A voice, a noise ; friction ; —
pdzhukh, An answer.

£ pdssh-gar, A tax collector.

y» pdzh-nama, A surname, style,
title ; a peer ; a friend,

jjj b pti-zhand, A commentary on the
Zand.

«4J3jli pdzhang, A shoe ; a little window.

^ipdzhu, Beet ; spinage ; a door-post.

vfipdzha, Feet (of sheep, <ftc.) dressed.

f-jk pazhir, The bezoar-stone.

tj>yj pazhira, A part of the night ; a bat;
fond of women.

pas, A watch of the day or night,
three hours ; a part (of anything) ; guard,
watch ; a guard, sentinel ; defence, pro-
tection} regard for, in consideration of;

( 281 )

Jit

sadness, heartache ; fear, terror ; — p&s dash-
tan, To guard, to protect ; to aid ; — past
namak, Faithful service.

^ pd-sdkhf, Ready prepared.
pdsdd, Defence, preservation ; absti-
nence from everything bad.

J**\ pfisar, j^-^ pdspdr, A kick, wince ; a
kicker ;—pdBupdr, A game at kicks, played
by boys on the ground or in the water.

(jW-Ai pagban, A sentinel, guard, watch-
man ; a shepherd ; — pdsbdni khitfa'i awwal,
Angels; — pdsbdni tdrami nuhum {falak),
The planet Saturn.

(jiW-Ai pdsbdni, Watching; watch and
ward ; — pdsbdni kardan, To watch, to guard.

^ pd-edbz (a blackleg), A broker,
middleman, mediator,

<*V- V> pasdbuk, Swift of foot; a long
arrow with four wings for shooting at a
mark.

J>Ay~* \ pd-sipurdagi, A treading, tramp-
ling-

s,i X~ \ pd-sipurda, ^ pd-sipur

karda, Trodden, beaten (road).

sAs^ \i pd-sitdda, Standing on foot,
ready, in order.

t)*"^ pdstdn, Former.

<J\z~-\3 padani, Of former times.

yl^li-^ pastaniydn, The ancients.

tsUs-,^ pdstindy, Parsnip.

(^i pdmkh, An answer ; — pdsukji dadan,
To give an answer ;— pdsukh sokhtan, To
keep silent; — shakar-pdsukh, Giving a miid,
sweet, gentle answer.

a jUi- y»l> pds-tchatir, For the sake of, in
deference to.

^jul> pdt-ddr, SAijW pds-.ddranda,
A sentinel, guard, watchman.

^jul^ pds-ddri, Guardianship ; par-
tiality.

pasara, Ground rent-free for wages.
(3-*i pdsaq, A kiss.
<&~\ pdsak, pdsuk, Yawning.
fsZ^^ pa-sang, A makeweight.

^pd-mwar, A nimble pedestrian.
y\^»U pdBwdn (for pas-ban), A watchman,
guard.

i-^pasa, Propensity ; grief, sadness,
(j-^ page, A watch of the night.
qj>i~,\> pdsidan, To guard, keep watch,
wake.

0^ posh (imp. of pdshidan), Scatter
thou a scattering, dispersion ; (in comp.)
diffusing, scattering.
T ^ paste (for bdshd), A lord, a basha.
fUAt pdehdm, The membrane enveloping
the pia mater; the caul containing the
bowels ; oil extracted from nuts.
U pa-stema, Long drawers.

pdsh-pdsh, Scattered about.
pishan, Scattering, diffusing; dis-
persion.

yj^jU^ pdshdnrdan, = <y*e*>^ q.v.

pdshta, The heel, the fleshy part of
the foot ;—pdshta'i dar, The foot of a door,
pdshak, Yawning.
^*A> pashnd, The heel; a cucumber,
melon, or pumpkin kept for seed.

<wLw.^ pdshndma, A surname ; peer, equal.
»*£*aA» pdshanff, 4£u*U pdshanga, A small
cluster of grapes; a cucumber or melon kept
for seed.

<^aA> pdshina (Z. pdshna, S. pdrshni), The
heel ; the sole of a shoe, particularly that
part answering to the heel ; a pumice-stone
with which they rub the heels when in the
bath ; the foot of a door, or that part
which revolves in a socket, in the threshold
or lintel, and serves the purpose of a hinge ;
— pdshina mdan, To strike with the heel, to
spur on.

5 >*ijj 4*4.^ pdshina-burida, "With perforated
heels (punishment of thieves, m.c.).

S->»^ t^*, pdshina-ltob, CloBe on the heels.

j^i pdsha, A crook ; a pilgrim's staff.

^s*.^ pdshl, A diffusion, scattering ; a
sprinkling ; irrigation.

s--** ^ pd-shib, The round of a ladder ;
the declivity of a mountain ; a foot-stool.

yAisAb pdshidan, To sprinkle, scatter ; to
be sprinkled or scattered ; to be filled ; — az
ham pdshidan, To scatter on all sk'es
(m.c).

"■M^i pdshida, Sprinkled, dispersed ;
scattered, diffused ; a cucumber, melon,
pumpkin ; a bunch of grapes,
fes*^ pdshina, The heel.
jJc U pd-'alam, Standing beneath a (lag
(a champion challenging his adversary).

q)j£- ^ pd-'alam- kAiedn, Who recites
or sings under a flag erected by the bier of
a dead person, esp. Husain's in the Mu-
harram play.

pdghar, The main beam of a house ; —
pdgJtur, and —

*j* h pa-ghura, The elephantiasis ; ac-
cording to others = q.v.

pdgkund, pagAwnda, pdgianda,
Carded cotton.

**ty*h pdg&ucha (according to others
<s~jM* bdfikficha), A butterfly.

tjtjt- ^ pd-gjiosh, Dip, plunge, immersion.
jKi \ipd-fazdr, A shoe, a slipper.

pdk (S. pdvaka), Pure, chaste, inno-
cent, clean, neat ; perfect, full, complete ;
all, entire ; downright ; — pdk shudan, To
become obliterated; — pdk kardan, To purify,
wash, polish, furbish ; to obliterate ; —
pdk u pakiza, Quite pure, polished, neat,
clean.

^ 4i^pdk-db, Pure water.

j<6 \> pd-kdr, A sub-collector of revenue ;
a nightman ; second in command ; a servant.

a pak-asl, Of pure or noble

extraction.

a Jj\ !o±- pdkdni khatfj. awwal, The
angels who bear the throne of God.

( 232 )

jli pak.bdx, Having a fortunate aspect,
or a fine countenance ; sporting harmlessly ;
an honourable lover ; a fair dealer ; a saint ;
one who loses all in gambling ; — pdk-bdzi
rkarkh, The moon ; moonlight.
^jjU pah-bail, Purity of mind.
)*&t. pah~bar, With a beautiful bosom ;
who carries off everything ; — pah bar, Take,
or carry away, all (imp.).

i»y *^ pah-bum, Holy ground.
•Jf&l pak-boy (-buy), Chaste.

^V, pah-bin, Who keeps in sight
purity ; pure, chaste.

d\> pdk-paiwand, Of pure kindred ;
nobly connected.

<4)l* pah-tan, Pure of body ; chaste.
a h-o<9- odb pah-jaib, Pure, chaste.

k2)v> pah-daman, Chaste, pure,
yl&a k«Jb pak-dahdn, Pure of speech.
8 j db pah-dida, Pure, chaste.
a villi pah-ray, Pure-minded.
t)j/ V» jia hardan, To stand in presence of.
pdk-ru, Beautiful-faced ; — pdk-rav,
Pure in one's walk.

pdk-zdd, li-A^- cdb pdh-airisht,
Nobly born, of pure extraction.

>£\>pdh sokhtan, To burn clean up.
ijiivi pdkisk, Purification ; sanctification.

JoUi' b pd-huthdda rawnq, The sky.
yt-ify pdh-ehdn, Noble, illustrious,
exalted.

5ja *«!b puh-shuda. Obliterated.

a. i-JU» «t!b pdh-?df, Pure, clean, undefiled.

a us~~J» «*SV» pdk-tinat, Of pure extraction.

^/.yi i«Jb pdh-farosh, Who sells out ; who
squanders all he has.

ijt^S <*)b pdk-kesh, Of sincere faith ; of
pure conduct.

y*» Jb pdh-maghz, Of a pure mind.

a^\> ^afccwid, A ruby ; (met.) wine.

a ^ii pdk-nazar, Pure, chaste.

ol^S uilb pdh-nihdd, Pure, holy.

v>^^ pa-hob, A dancer, a jumper.

jjjjtfjj b pd koftan, To dance.

,_/b v pahl, Purity, chastity, cleanliness;
completion ; a razor.

itlb pdk-gauhar, Of pure extraction.

yji^ pdkidan, To purif y, to clean.

( _ s 5^ ! i\j pdhizagi, Purity, cleanness, neat-
ness.

&ys&> pdhiza, Pure, chaste; innocent;
purity, chastity ; — pdkiea hardan, To win-
now.

a. jWj*\ pdhlza-i'timdd. Pure of faith.

i^b pdMza-bum, Holy ground.
jjCjj 8j*Aj pdMza-paihar, Beautiful of face,
^ji. Sj-il» pdMaa-khoy, Of pure disposition
and conduct, pure-minded.

s^b pafctzi'-dama«, Pure, chaste.
«j-Sb pahiza-dil, Pure of heart, pure-
minded.

^ B^b pdkiza-ruy, Beautiful of face.
a pdhiza-tlnat, Of pure ex-

traction, of noble birth,

a Jy> pdkiza-qaul, Pure of speech.

a j£» &)«Sb pdhtza-nazar, Pure, chaste.

*^ ^ pa-gdh, A privy ; the step of a
ladder or staircase ; the footway or pave-
ment at the side of a street ; stones placed
like steps for mounting to any place ; a
stable ; extremity.

2b paid (imp. of pdlddan and pdludan),
Strain thou ; (in comp.) straining; a colau-
der or strainer, made of brass or earth, for
washing rice and draining the juice of
grapes from the stones, stalks, &c. ; hung,
suspended ; a horse led for parade ; (in
Zand and Pazand) lamentation.

J^b pdl-d-pul, Strained hard ; the sail
of a ship ; swift, rapid ; hard, firm.

pdldd, A led horse, a horse of state.

yoib pdlddan, To strain.

6j2b pdldda, A led horse ; villainous.
jSb pdldr, Aibi- jSb pdldr-khdna, The
highest beam, that which supports the roof ;
a roof.

u&pkpdldranq, Indian iron or steel.
^SjSb paldri, A main beam ; a rafter,
joist.

(j-Sb palds (— u*4> q.v.), The woollen
garment of a dervish, <fcc.

jS>Ub pd-ldsh, The state of having the feet
soiled with mud, Ac.

^3b pdldgar, The main beam of a house.

(V)S^ V pdldn, A pack-saddle ; a vestibule.

jjjaib pdldn-doz, pdldngar, A maker
of pack-saddles.

iAti^pdldnanda, Increasing, augmenting.

AiSb pdldna, A balcony, a belvedere.

pdldni, A sluggish beast of burden ;
a maker of pack-saddles; — an artificer's
tool ; — asbi pdldni, A pack-horse.

yjkcSlb pdldnidan, To strain ; to press, to
squeeze ; to cause to strain.

y\jSb pdldwdn, <j)^ pdldwan, A colander,
strainer; any vessel full of holes through
which liquor is drained ; a skimmer.

(jCu*!Sb pdldhang (contract, of paid, A
led horse, and dhang, Drawing), A rein,
bridle, halter, rope, cord; the pillory, or
four cross-pieces of wood, in which they
enclose the necks of men or cattle ; a noose,
a buck-stall ; what causes attachment to
God ; the galaxy.

<jSb pdldy, Straining; augmenting; led
horse.

pdldy-aep, A horse led for

parade.

jbSb pdldydl, Very bright, resplendent ;
swift, rapid (perhaps misreading for JbSb
q.v.).

pdldy-khwdh, Who calls for hia

horse.

yi^tSb pdldyiah, Filtration, percolation.

yjtoSb pdldyldan, To strain; to be
strained ; to increase ; to be increased.

ydb pdUo, Great coat (m.c. from Pr.
paletot).

(

f^H pdl-dum, The crupper-leather.

4 -'V! pdlasa (?), Name of a fruit.

u~'^ palish. Increase, augmentation.

£\ pillugk, A cup made of horn or ivory.
pd-lagJt:, A false step, slip, trip
(also in a moral sense); ruin.

5J !)* ! \ pd-ligh-zida, Slipping, tripping.

^\ pdlak, A shoe, slipper ; spinage.

41 pillhlncb, A high roof ; a window ;
the beginning of harvest; a make-weight.

yj^i p'llkl, A travelling litter, a palan-
queen.

"■"^ pdlanda, Growing, increasing.

*i£iH> paling, A kind of rustic shoe made
of cow's leather ; a small window ; a bed ;
name of a fruit ; a certain river.

J*j>, litJlj. pd^ang-posh, A quilt, coverlet.
pdh'i, A wart.

5 jVH pdlwdza, A swing (see

i-ij^, pdlwdm, Grief, anguish of mind.

^<r\ pdlwdna, A bird of paradise, said
to live chiefly in the air ; a colauder.

*.>VH pdlwdya, A swallow.

pCilud, Strained ; a lamb-skin gar-
ment.

t/j^, pdlddag'i, A straining, a racking
off.

yJ^^ pttlu Jan, To strain, squeeze, press,
drain, filter, purify ; to become pure ; to
increase, to be large ; to make large ; to
deliver; to escape.

4^L> pdluda, Strained, filtered ; gilded ;
a kind of sweet beverage made of water,
flour, and honey (according to others, a
mixture of grated apples with sugar and
cardamoms) ; jelly ; (met.) the purest and
choicest part of anything; the bason of a
pair of scales ; — pdluda'i rawdqi rib'l. Ver-
nal showers ; — pallida gasht, He has become
free from sin, is purified.

)». pdluda-paz, J>>^ paluda-

faroth, A maker or seller of pdluda (see
preceding article).

)k* sjyu pdluda-magkz, Pure-minded.
pdliidl, A garment of lamb-slim.

l )^kP l 'iuza, A wart.

pdlusa, Sickness, grief, anguish,

agony.

\J>W pdlosh (also u-j'V- polos), Adulte-
rated camphor.

^^ipdlilna, A colander or strainer.

s ^i^> palwina, Name of a place.

'jX'-v^ pdlhang, A bridle, halter, rope ;
four cross-pieces of wood in which they
enclose the necks of men or cattle, a pil-
lory ; a noose with which anything is
caught ; what causes attachment to God.

JW^ pulydl, Always, perpetual; joined.

O^^pdhdan, To purify; to see ; to in-
quire, search ; to rear, to educate.

i^^ipiUda, Strained, purified ; increased;
searched, investigated.

pdlez, Kitchen- garden; a seed-field ;
melon-ground.

233 ) a l*

y^l> pdlezbdn, pdlezwdn, A gar-

dener; name of a note in music.

pallk, A leathern shoe ; bandages.

C^i pdm (for fdm), Like; colour; (for
icfim) debt.

y^-^* ^ pd-mdehdn, = t)^^* <^> v q.v.

^ pd-mdl, Trampled upon, trodden
under foot, beaten (as a path) ; dashed
plunder, spoil, destruction; — pd-malikkuyul
ghudan, To be trodden under foot by the
cavalry; — pd-mdl kardan, To trample, lay
waste.

J r* ^ pd-mard, Powerful; an assistant;
an intercessor.

tS J r* ^4 pa-mar dl, Strength ; intercession ;
aid, help.

\ pd-muzd, Gain earned by foot-
labour ; a guerdon, a reward to messengers,
&c. (see gJjV) and ut—j).

pimag, Tied by the leg, wearied
with but unable to quit the place one is in.

h <j)Vj pan (S. parna), A plant bearing an
aromatic leaf chewed with the areca or betel-
nut.

&}* xi h pdniiyun, Pantheon (ni.e, from
Fr.).

t >W-\ panjdh (ior panjdk), Fifty.
sjylj pdnzdah, pdnzadah, Fifteen.
^SL. sjji^, pdnzdahsdlagl, Age of fifteen.
r y ***> f ^ pdnxdahum, The fifteenth.
j*yH pdnzahr, Bezoai-stone, an antidote.
aa-A> pdnaeand, Sought for, inquired
after.

J-«>^ pdnsad (for panj sad), Five hundred ;
— pdnsad hazdr, Five hundred thousand.

us\-i+>^ pdnmushh, The turpentine-tree.

W)j»V> panorama, Panorama (m.c. from
Fr. or E.).

a\> pdna, A shoe-maker's or carpenter's
wedge ; a wedge put under a door to keep
it from flying open.

ij>\^ \j pd-nihdda, Brought into existence,
appearing ; set on foot.

h pdnl, Water.

us-> .jilj pdni-pat, A town fifty miles from
Dehli.

■*e»^> pdnTd, -M^ pdmz, Sugar-candy, a
sweetmeat.

pdv. Washing, cleansing ; a foot.
fijh pdvpar, Power, authority.
ciW^ pdvehak, Dry cow-dung for fuel.
I Jjj^ pd-waraq, The catch-word at the
bottom of a page.

pa-waranjan, A metal ring worn
I on the ankle by females.

fofrpdvzar, = and jVAllli qq.v.

pdvtdra, A weaver's treadle.
jJj V> pd-wand (for pa-band) , A fetter,
sb pdh. Meat, victuals.
Vi>b. pdhd (pi. of pd), Feet,
j utXib pdhak, Torture, torment.
1 qxJz*^ pdhakidun, To torture.

«iXU*b pdhang, A small window ; a make-
weight ; an ornament for the female ankle.

*\ (

b pii-Tianga, A slipper ; an ankle-
ring.

ok pay, The foot ; a footing ; vestige,
track, footstep ; base, bottom ; basis, foun-
dation ; firmness, durability, permanency ;
resistance ; power, force ; the hinder or
latter part ; end, limit ; excuse, pretext,
pretence; imp. of pd'idan, q.v. ; — pay ba-
daman Jeardan, To desist, refrain ; — pay bar-
afgandan, To be restless, impatient ; to be
weak; to fascinate, bewitch ; — pay bar pay
nihddan, To follow, obey ; — pay bar jay,
Firmly fixed ; — pay bar chashm nihddan (to
place the foot on the eye), To salute ; — pay
bar-ddahtan, To have power ; — pay bar sang
amadan, To risk one's life, to encounter
danger ; — pay ba-rikdb ast, His foot is in
the Btirrup, he is on a journey ; — pay bar
miydn awardctn, To be overwhelmed with
business ; — pdyi buz afyandan, To be un-
easy and restless ; to charm (in allusion
to a practice with butchers of writing an
incantation and tying it to the leg of a goat,
which, being turned loose among a herd,
attracts the whole herd about him, so
that the butcher can catch whichever he
chooses) ; — pay pas tlwardan, To retreat; —
pay pechldan, To turn away the feet ; to
run; to fly; to gire up the ghost; — pay
dudan, To erect, set on foot ; to have lost,
to be disheartened ; — pay ddshtan, To keep
in custody; — pay dirdz kardan (kashldan),
To roll, to wallow ; — pay dar rah nihddan, To
proceed, to set out ; — pay dar-gashtan, To be
weak ; — pdy-sukhun, Eloquence ; — pay zagh
kardan^O be drawninto a snare; — pdyi 'adl,
The power or intercession of justice ; — pdyi
'aql, The power or intercession of reason ;
— pay faro kashidan, To wait; — pay fashur-
dan, To remain, le firm, constant; to con-
tinue in a morbid and melancholy state of
mind; — pdyi fikr, The foot of thought,
thoughtfulness ; — pay JcasMdan, To quit,
refrain ; — pay ham dwardan, To run off ; —
pay koftan, To dance ; to be going or dying ;
— pay gird kardan, To supplant ; — pay
giriflan, To walk, to travel ; — pay gashddan,
To return ; to run away ; to divorce ;—pdyi
nisbat, The power or intercession of one's
race ; — pdyi wujud dar gili ajal raftan, To
sink into the fatal slough; to die; — bd
fiddn puy na ddram, I am not upon a
footing with such a one ; I cannot resist
such a one ; — ba-pdy ddshtan, To stand
upright ; to put forth, to publish ; — ba-pdy
ddshtan namaz-rd, To assist at prayers ; —
bar pay ddshtan, To support, preserve, main-
tain ; — bar pay kardan, To rise, stand up.

pdyii, Existing, standing, continu-
ing.

s-^-k pd-ydb, Power, strength, force ; re-
sistance ; a well, any shallow stone reservoir
of water easy of access ; the bottom of the
sea, of a pond, or a piece of water ; eternity.

234 ) ^

perpetuity, duration; shallow, fordable,
shoaly; a ford.

<jh pdy-abranjan, An ankle-ring,
^k k pd-ydbl, Shallowness, shoaliness.
Ojkk pdydzi, Pain, anguish, grief,
jty^ ok pay-afrdz, A shoe ; swift messen-
ger.

jV^ ok pdy-afzdr, Shoes which tie with
strings ; a treadle.

S V ok pdy-afzah, Promoting in rank.

pdy-afshdr, A weaver's treadle.
yb\ipdydn, End, extremity; limit, boun-
dary, margin ; the point of contact of two
circles ; a place to leave the shoes ; low, in-
ferior ;— pay dni roze ba-khwurdan, To ter-
minate one's life ;— ba-pdydn burdani kdr, To
accomplish, execute, or fiDish any business;
— ba-pdydn shudan, To end, to terminate.

ok pdy-anddz, Shoes which tie with
strings ; carpets spread on the pavement
on the public entry of a king.

*^ ekk pdydn-gah. The placs of contact ;
— pdydn-gdhi pay, The ground, the dust ;
the ankle.
jjT <J* pdy-dwar, Powerful, great.

ok pdy-auzhdra, A weaver's treadle,
jk okp%-*«z> A dancer.
^-*k ok pdy-bdf, A weaver.
<J>W ijk pdy-bdqt, Balance of account,
ok pdy-barahna, Barefoot,
ok pay -bast, -sju-j pdy-basta, A
prisoner, captive ; standing, waiting; foun.
elation.

^ pay-band. Tied by the leg ; encum-
bered with a family ; a fetter ; deceit, trea-
chery.

^5^-4 pdy-bandi, Fettered, in fetters.

^k pdy-bos, Kissing the feet.
O^jji ok pdy-puzdn, A fear-inspiring
voice.

•J>>)>, ^ pay-posh, A shoe ; — pdy-poeh
nadan, To beat with a shoe (degrading).

(«k pdy-poshi, Covering for the feet.
J-j ^gG pd,y-pil, A cup made in the form
of an elephant's foot ; a spear used by the
Ethiopians.

ijW ^jk pdy-tdba, A shoe-sock ; — pdy-idba
gushddan (to draw off one's socks), To
come off a journey.

7- u ok pdy-td-sar (for az pay td sar).
Complete ; entirely.

ct-^ ^k pdy-takht, The foot of the throne ;
the metropolis.

sjIjJ pay-turdb, Change of ground or
place, following quick ; first stage of a
journey.

jL.y" ^Vj pdy-tarsd, (met.) A flask, a
goblet.

cwLj ^Jj pdy-sabdt, Firmness, steadfast-
ness.

i-l,. pay-junta, Drawers, trousers

(either loose or scant).
JUAi pdy-chdl, A weaver's treadle,
ok pdy-cham, Interpretation.

( 235 ) ^

<J*i pdy-chandr, = j\-«<? q.v.
fc^Jr" t^i pdy-chubin (ckobin), Stilts.

pdycha, Breeches, drawers, or trou-
sers ; the feet of sheep or calves ready
dressed ; cow-heel ; the frontstall of a
bridle; a frontlet or any ornament for the
forehead.

Li**** <J*, pdy-havz, A place of ill-fame.
^ pdy-khdsta, Trodden down,
trampled upon.

^ pdy-khdkl Icardan, To tra-
vel ; to seek.

a ^ pdy-khana, A necessary, privy.
^ pdy-kharch, Balance, residue.

tt— ^ pdy-khast, <U~<5- pdy-khasta,
Trodden down, trampled upon, kicked ; any- j
thing laid under foot.

tfV - pay-k/1'.vdn, Interpretation.

^ pdy-khwust, = u: — i ^ q.v.

a^y- pay-khosha, (Ground) become
hard from the trampling of men or animals.

)\*>\> pdy-ddr, Having feet ; firm, fixed,
permanent, constant, uninterrupted, du-
rable, steady ; standing (corn) ; long-lived ;
an epithet of God ; confirming •, strong,
mettlesome (horse) ; auricles of the heart.

»jW ^Mpuy-ddra, An assistant; succour.

cS^ 1 ^ pay-dart, Stability; — pdy-ddri
kardan, To tread firmly ; to do anything
often, over and over again, substantially ;
to injure, abuse ; to surfer patiently ; to
wait, expect ; to be firm.

l*^ pay-dam, A hair noose to catch
birds, a springe, gin; a rope ladder for
climbing trees ; a decoy-bird.

0"^ pay-daman. The skirt of a gar-
ment; — pdy-ddmani Ichwud kasMdan, To
draw in one's skiits ; (met.) to return from
ill ways to good.

^•V^ pdy-ddma, A fetter ; a noose ; a
gin.

pdyddn, A shoe ; a treadle ; per-
petual.

t>W^ pdyddn-ab, Running water.

J J pdy-dar (pdyi dar), The pivot of a
door in its threshold.

<i£^- ^V?, pdy-dar-sang, Immoveable ;
— fay dar sang dwadan, To stumble, to fall
on a stone.

}*h pdyir, The time of the sun's stay in
Cancer.

f\> pay-ram, A weaver's treadle.

a sj^j pdy-rikdb, Retinue, train.

g>; ^ pdy-raiij (foot-labour), Money
given to messengers or dancers -,—pdy-ranj
kathidan, To be prepared.

^ipayh, The autumn.

pay»Cir, A shoe, a slipper.

<$?H pdy-zan, A cut-throat, foot-pad ; a
slave.

ji=r'j (j^j pdy-zanjlr, Chained, tied by the
leg; encumbered with a family.

pdyiza, Delegated regal authority ;
a diploma ; a privilege ; a robe of honour

(=ij *h\S q.v. under ; — pdy-zih, A loop
or slip-knot tied to the legs of falcons, &c. ;
a staple.

j*j <-s*l pdy-zahr, The bezoar-stone.
ijj'h pdyizl, Autumnal,
s-jj <^> pdy-zlb, A woman's foot-orna-
ment.

tyS* pdyizha, A tent-rope.
i^r-^Slpayistan, To wait; to be firm ; to
trample on.

)i s " ^ipay-sutur, A sort of musical in-
strument, made from the hoof of an animal,
in use amongst shepherds.

&2~ju pdyieta, Firm, permanent.

pay-sang, A make- weight.
pay-sJiikam, The lower belly.
pdy-skur, Name of a musical
instrument.

pdyshab, A solemnity performed
in the valley of Mina near Mecca, in which
they defy and throw stones at a figure re-
presenting the devil ; the place of future
punishment.

pdy-kdr, Expert ; a sub-revenue-
collector ; an attendant on a revenue-col-
lector; a sweep.

u^aA&U pdy-kdsht, (Land) let out to non-
resident tenants.

SJbjLii" pdy-kashdnida, Emancipated ;
a fugitive.

£M ^ pay-kuldgh, (crow's feet), A kind
of shiTcasta writing.

v*^ ^ pdy-kob, A dancer.

O ■ <-S^ pdy-kobdn, Prancing.

iVSib pdy-gdh, A vestibule, portico, or
court before a house ; a place for deposit-
ing shoes ; a stable ; an inn or any place
where travellers put up ; a step of a stair
or ladder ; dignity, rank, office, employ-
ment ; root, stock ; a necessary ; the pro-
jecting part of a roof ; the bottom of a
piece of water ; a ford.

£ pdy-guzdr, An assistant.

a£A» pdy-gak, A place for leaving one's
shoes ,* a stable ; dignity, rank, office ; root,
stock ; a ford.

<j*^i poygi, Degree, rank ; a troop.

: S ^Ij pdy-glr, Fettered, shackled, in
chains.

y>! pdy-lagbx, A false step ; error,
fault.

ts)*^ ijh pdy-laghzi, The stumbling of the
foot; a slip.

t**H pdyam, My foot.

yWU ^Vj pay-mCichdn, The lowest orde
of priests ; a place for leaving the slippers ;
a sort of penance practised by the Siifls, in
which the offender is made to stand on one
foot, his left band touching his right ear,
and his right hand his left ear ; — pay-
machdn raftan (kardan), To excuse oneself.

pdy-mdl, Trampled upon, trodden
under foot, bruised, kicked ; ruined, de-
stroyed ; defeated, dissipated, dispersed.

( 236 )

despised ; vile, contemptible ; remission
made to a renter on account of the depre-
dation of an enemy, &c. ; — pdy-mdl kardan,
To ruin.

pay-mall, Devastation, ruin, occa-
sioned by an army or cattle overrunning
and trampling fields or gardens.

^X^h pay-mard, An assistant, a substi-
tute ; an intercessor ; courageous.

^•V*^ pd.y~m.ardi, Assistance ; interces-
sion ; courage.

*>y pdy-inuzd, Hire for running

about.

it*ih pdymoz, A kind of pigeon.

CJ*^ P<iyin, Low, below, inferior ; at the
foot of ; of less value.

)\A*i\> pdy-anddz, Cloths of silk and other
rich stuff, which in some places are spread
upon the streets when the king makes a
public entry ; gold, silver, jewels, or other
presents made to great men (as being laid
at their feet).

jjjU ■pdyandun, A security, surety, cau-
tioner, sponsor; a hostage ; a pledge; im-
prisonment, durance; a place where shoes
are pulled off.

j£ pdyanddn-kdr, A factor, agent.

or^ 11 ^ payanddnl, Security, pledge, cau-
tion ; — payanddnl kardan, To give surety,
to become bound for.

O^ 1 ?.^ pdyandagdn, pi. of S.n>U q.v.

uSjjjU pdyandagi, Firmness, perma-
nency.

O- 1 - 1 *^ pdyandan, To delay ; to wait.

sjuj^> pdyanda, Finn, solid, lasting, per-
petual (applied to paradise, hell, the
blessed, the damned, the throne of God,
&c.) ; always, constantly ; a royal diploma,
granting an immunity from taxes ; the
prop (of a wall) somewhat curved ; one who
keeps his eye stedfastly fixed on any object.

s ^ (J^^ vd'in-gdh, &$ e>^V> pd'in-gah, The
lower end ; the place beneath a thing.

^jH^i pdyiiti, Inferiority, meanness.

A ) iS^-P&y u P ar ' Power, strength.

pay an, A" ornament of jewels, gold,
or silver.

•"ph pdywand (for pay-band), A fetter.

aAj pdya, The step of a stair, the round
of a ladder ; a staircase ; a ladder ; basis,
foundation ; dignity, rank, promotion,
office, degree ; a three-legged piece of wood
on which they hang clothes ; low, vile ;
lost; trampling under foot, kicking;
thrashing, beating ; quantity ; rain ; —
pdya'i a'la (barin), The highest step or
rank; — paya'i hauz, A place of ill-fame;
— paya'i sarir, The foot of the throne.

**** pdya pdya, By degrees, according
to rank, in due order or gradation, step by
step.

jW paya-ddr, Possessed of authority ;
on a pedestal (m.c).

i^p&'l, Humility ; permanent, stable.

pdyidan, t)^V> pdyidan, To stand
firm, to be constant, steady, fixed, esta-
blished ; to subsist independently of any-
thing; to fix the look steadily on any ob-
ject ; to trample upon, wear, beat, or make
smooth with the feet ; to kick ; to wait, ex-
pect ; to watch, to waylay (m.c.) ; to be-
come satiated, fatigued, tired.

X^»k pd'ir, Time of the sun's stay in
Cancer.

y«*^ pdyiz, Autumn ; old age, decline of
life ; an old man.

p> oft> pai kdr, A person who purchases
goods from the manufacturer to sell to the
merchant.

pd'in, Lower part, bottom, founda-
tion ; — pain dmadan, To come down, de-
scend, alight (m.c).

u*"*^ fc>-^ pdyin-parasil, Obedience.

piptak, A small cluster of dates or
grapes ; a part of a cluster.

*«t papara (in Zand and Pazand), Old,
aged.

t)-** 4 ^ paprishidan, To disperse, scatter.
u~-i* paplus. Bread soaked in oil and
syrup.

^r^i paplipd (in Zand and Pazand), A
garment, a short vest.

pa-panu, Sour milk from which the
butter is taken ; when coagulated, and the
thinner part strained off, it is dried in the
sun, and preserved with salt, <fcc. for winter
use.

pat. Starch, size ; goat's hair which
is soft, fine, and inner; anything soft; —
put, A worm which pierces ships' bottoms.

jjUj patddaq (a word used to express
celerity or the noise of anything falling),
Impetuously, thunderingly.

patdra, A brush for sprinkling cloth
in the loom.

pitat (Pars, patitl), Kepeutance ;
asking forgiveness.

£3 patkh, Astonished, stupefied ; foolish.

y> patar, Amulets of gold or silver.

) — ~>, patsu, Acidulated milk dried. (See

3** and r^)-

c=~is> pataft, Repentance, resipisceuce ;

asking forgiveness.

jyis. patfoz, The parts round the mouth ;

the snout (of an animal), the beak (of a

bird) ; the circumference of a cap;— paf-

foti zabar, The upper lip of a quadruped.

jjAsi patfoz-basta, Muzzled.

jjAs> patfoz-band, A muzzle.

pu-tlc, A smith's hammer.

y£*> pitkan, A rake, a harrow (see

/s&fc patglr, A hair sieve, a searce.

^ipatal, A mat.

putldd, -Sbz> putldda, A bar for a

door.

•i^i J^i patal-band, A mat-maker.
>->^j patlup, A kind of food made of sour
milk, milk, and walnuts.

0 s *

H palan (for q.v.), Name of a
town iu India celebrated for its woven stuffs.

patang, A paper kite ; — -pitting.
Window.

(jjV) jjaiawj-ftazf, Flying kites.
h a«j patna, The capital of Bahar
(India).

pafani, A hopper for seed-corn.
fy patau, A place constantly exposed to
the sun ; (for pavtct/u") a ray of light ; —
patu, A kind of woollen cloth ; camlet.
jW patwtis, A percb, a roost.

patiila, A kind of Indian silken

stuff.
A*i pata, Father.

H tej pata, A straight sword ; — paitah,
A. lease ; a grant or lease specifying the
quantity of land possessed by each tenant,
and the amount of rent with which it is
assessed; a broadsword ; bosses on a bridle.
aj» patta~ddr, A leaseholder.

^D^iputyd, Penitence, repentance.

*>W*» patydra, Affliction, misery, misfor-
tune ; anything ugly, terrific, and shock-
ing; modesty; severity, vehemence ; fraud,
stratagem ; Bhanie ; contention, strife ;
biddeD, concealed.

H paly diet, A town north-west of

Dehli. *

fc>W*> pitydn, An enemy, an adversary.

jt?i patir, A covering of canvas or
leather; (for A. yM) unleavened bread;
dough.

s r**i patira, Disgusting, shocking.

^ipatU (for A. J**i fatil), A wick for
a lamp, lint-stock.

)i~ J*H pdUl-soz, A lamp- stand.

patlla, Wick of a candle, or lamp,

g> paj, A mountain ; — puj, A kind of
fruit, a large strawberry ; plain, broad,
open, wide ; confused ; disproportioned ;
immense ; unbecoming, unhandsome, un-
civilised.

^Wj pajdr, A mountain.
pajdwa, A brick-kiln.

Jyr.pujfd, The leg-bone, the ankle.
pojiv, Hypocrisy, deceit.

jW; pichnfidq (for T. jV- bichaq), A
knife.

Si Bii" 1 ^ pack, Hush! a call to goats;
also—

& >p?$, puchpueha, Anything whispered
about.

"^■H; puchueM, Dung of sheep, goats, or
camels; a druggist; a physician ;—pu-
chushki awfar, A leech, a veterinary sur-
geon.

a*- 4 *?; puchushkl, The practice of medi-
cine.

pichkam, A court, hall of audience ;
a wolf ;— ■il&opachlcam, A house whose sides
are latticed (see

^ pachal, One who often bedaubs him-
self.

( 237 ) ^

^Sfi pachwak. An interpreter ; (accord-

ing to some) a translation.

aj**- pachuh, pachwali, A translation.

pacha, Ivy.
y**?; piohidan, To twist, entwine.

pakh, Wei!, good ; a side ; (pakh
pakh) O ! bravo ! well done ! excellent ! —
pikh, pakh, Get away ! begone ! (said to a
cat or dog).

J**^ pikhpikhu, A tickling under the
arms.

is^&pakht, Trodden, pressed flat; — pukht.
He cooked ; a kick.

tSr^v pukhtari. Cakes (or bread) which
are laid over dishes when bringing to table,
and under which the meat is kept warm ;
cakes imbued with clarified butter.

y\£*fc- v pukhtagdn, pi. of 4J* q.v. ; —
pukhtagdni haqiqat, Matured, skilled in the
knowledge of sacred truths j wise men,
saints.

pukhtagi, Ripeness.

tf^v ptt&htan, To boil, cook, make ready ;
t j concoct ; to ripen ; to be cooked ; to ren-
der well disposed towards, canvass for, gain
for one's interests (m.c).

,_5«=^ pukhtanl, Fit for cooking; boiled.
paichta, Cotton ; — pukhla, Boiled,
dressed, cooked; ripe, mature; expert,
skilful, versed in business ; sly ; a large
lamb; contemptible; strong, well built; —
pukhta tadbir-hd, Prudent counsels.

J^yr te&pukjita-josh, Lambs' flesh boiled
in spiced wine.

pukhta-khwdr, y*- pukjita-
khwur, A son-in-law ; beggar.

a te*; pukhta-rdy, Intelligent, wise,
prudent.

} \S 4*fc- v pukMa-gdv, Warm water medi-
cinally prepared and poured from a vessel
slowly over the head ; an embrocation.

yt- pukhtoL-magJei, Intelligent, wise,
prudent.

c r*; pik&ti, pukhti, Jelly (of fish) ; con-
gealed broth.

ti& v pakhch, Trodden; ample, wide.

0 J >*^v pakhchudan, To trample; to
pound ; to widen.

«jj^*- v pakhfihada, Trampled on ; ex-
tended, widened, flattened.

yju*^ pakkchidan, To trample on; to
widen.

tju^^ paJtkchida, Trampled ; expanded,
widened.

y-** pakhs. Liquefaction; a melting or
wasting away ; diminution ; heart-burning,
distress ; shrivelled, dried up ; withering
blandishment.

pakhsdn, Drying, withered ; amo-
rously playful, blandishing ; melting; sor-
rowful.

yj^jL-^ pakhea'idan, yV 4 ; pajcktridan,
To walk pompously.
ij-n-^ pakhsina, Withered, shrivelled-

oppres-

jfcfc- ( 238 )

(j^*; pakhsh, Trodden ; expanded ;
withered, shrivelled ; soft, tender.

^ v pahkshd, Refusal, denial
sion ; stniitness, distress.

0^*1 pakhghdn, Afflicted, sad. !
pakhsft-dnida'ti, To strut ; to melt

with grief.

yj-fU-ir; pakhskd'ldan, pakhshdyldan, To
afflict, grieve.

tf 4 *', pakhskan, Creeping down (doubt-
ful -word).

0^)-^% pakhshudan, To beat, trample on.

tj»A*s pakhshuda, Trampled upon ; ex-
panded, wide, broad.

a AjA4 y pakhghldan, To trample, tread
upon ; to burn ; to strut ; to waste away
with grief; 1o shine, glitter; to be wide
and ample.

s^a*. pakhshida, Trodden ; enlarged,
widened.

,)&• pukhl, ^pukjila, Purslnin.

palhlucha, paWicha, A

tickhng under the arms.

•H pad, A guard, guardian; the white
poplar;— pid (for pidar), A father; — pud,
Touchwood, tinder.

*i pad-dsya. The sail of a wind-mill,
or the tooth of a water-mill wheel ; a mill-
stone.

^•H pudpud, Touchwood ; tinder ; fuel.
pidar, fadar (S. pitri), A father; —
pidari pidar, A paternal grandfather; —
pidari zan,A. wife's father ;~pidari sahabl,
A father-in-law; a stepfather; — pidari
shauhar, A husband's father ; — pidari Icalan,
A grandfather ; — pidari mddar, A maternal
grandfather.

fli-H padrdm, Malignant, unloving, un-
charitable; eternal, continual; — pidrdm,
Adorned ; good, charming ; glad ; a bed-
chamber ; always, continual.
} a\ jj» pidar-andar, A stepfather.
u l)"H pidardna. Paternal; paternally.

padrakhta, Sorrowful ; anxiou9.
l j)-H pada,rza, A wrapper in which clothes
are folded up; victuals tied up in a hand-
kerchief ; a portion, a share.

<A-> pidar-sag, Dog-fathered (m.c.).

}H pidar-suTthta, Whose father is
burning (in hell-fire, m.c.).

pidruftar,J^i^pidlruftdr, Patient.
iS^jti* J-H pidar-farzandl, Relationship of
father and son ; paternal relationship.
8, V* J"H pidar-murda, An orphan.
>J /* |J j"H pidaf-nd-mard, Who has an in-
famous father, a rascal, scoundrel (m.c).
pidaramdar, A stepfather,
u— iy j>H pidar-nawlsl, A batement of ex-
traordinary charges.
^Aipidarwar, Like a father.

padriid, Leave, dismissal; farewell;
— padrud hardan, To bid adieu, to say
good-bye.

yjj.)^ pidari, Paternal ; an adherent of a

sovereign's father antagonistic to the son ;
fatherhood.

*>;-H pidariya, Paternity.

padma, A part, portion ; a bundle.
j^>Ai pidandar, padandar, padnadar, A
father-in-law.

jo pidwaz, The parts round the mouth ;
a perch, roost.

ytida, The white poplar-tree ; — also,
puda, A barren tree, proper for fire-
wood; touchwoud.

<*=^ padlja, The scale of a fish,
■M-H padid, Open, public, clear, evident,
manifest, eouspicuous, in sight; openly,
evidently ; — padld d-madan, To appear, to
become manifest ; — padid dwardan, To
make mauifest, bring into view or evi-
dence.

$ joj^ padld-d.war, Who brings into
sight, displayed

j\AiAi padiddr, Mauifest, appearing; in
existence ; — padiddr timadan (shudan), To
appear, show oneself; — padiddr hardan, To
rouse ; to evince.

jL-jjj padisdr, Taking up and finishing
any business which has already been begun
upon.

fapizar pidar) , A father.

<*\>"H pazrdm, = ^j-H q.v.
jU*)ij pizruftdr, Surety, bail; acceptance,
yAjjUijij pizruftdridan, To make one-
self responsible.

yjjS' (jjbijij pizruftdri hardan, To bear
patiently ; to accept ; to pledge oneself ; to
entrust, to give in charge.

jVixijii pizru/t-hdr, Accepting ; who ac-
cepts or approves ; acknowledging ; who
acknowledges or confesses; obeying; obe-
dient.

(jjjJj.ii pizruftan, To accept ; to own, con-

Aaijif pizrufta, Confessed, owned; ac-
cepted.

))S»paz&r, Mint, spearmint.
iiipaza, = q.v.

/A; pazir (imp. of paziraftan, in comp.),
Receiving, accepting, admitting; having,
being possessed of, endowed with ; as isfc.fi-
bdh-pazir, Admitting of doubt, doubtful ;—
poiish-pazlr, Accepting an apology, &c.

^Aj paiird. Accepting; hearing; obey-
ing; going along, flowing, passing; ac-
cepted; a leader; meeting, encounteriug;
matter ; the first principle of everything
material ; — pazlra-ghudan, To accept, to
agree with, to meet.

pazjrd-sukhun, An acceptable
speech, a good word.

yjijj^Jj paziranidan, To render accept-
able ; cause to accept, acknowledge, or con-
fess.

^jiJo paztrd'i, Acceptance; obedience.
JijjAi pazirish, Acceptance; obedience.

( 239 )

j^th pazlruftdr, An accepter ; a surety ;
a chief; acceptance.

OD^ti'H paztruftdrl, Suretyship ; — paftr-
uftdri kardan, To bear patiently.

U^j^-H pazlruftdridan, To take upon
oneself, to be security for another ; to
bear patiently ; to render acceptable ; to
cause to accept.

J&ijii^ pazlruftkdr, Accepting ; taking
in good part ; obedient ; confessing, ac
knowledging; a leader, a chief.

(jy^^'H pazlraftkdri, Acceptance.

&*£H przlrvftan, To accept, receive, take
in good part, approve of, assent to, admit ;
to answer for, become surety ; to consult
what is just and right.

**iy.Ju pazlrufla. Accepted, approved.

^fih paziruftt, Affliction, grief, shame.

ttipii pazlranda, Who approves, accepts.

<yj$ pazira, Acceptable ; a meeting, en-
counter ; a going before ; acceptance ; obe-
dience ; an accepter ; a leader ; — pazira
thudan, To go or appear before, to meet, to
encounter ; to return ; to follow ; to be
angry ; — pazira dwardan, To lead against or
towards.

ftpar, parr, A wing; a feather ; a leaf ; the
arm from the collar-bone to the tip of the
finger; the sails or paddles of a mill; a
side, skirt, or margin ; leaf of a tree ; light,
ray; (imp. of parldan, in comp.) flying;
[•pari deya. The sweep of a wind-mill;—
par afihardan, To flap the wings ;- par
afgandan (anddkhtan, rekhtan), To drop the
feathers; to become denuded; to grow
weak ; to rejoice ; — par bdz lcardan. To
spread the wings; to depart ; to copulate ;
— par bar-umadan, To become fledged ; —
par bar- dwardan (shikastan) , To hreak the
wiDgs ; — par bar sar bastan (zadan), To
stick a feather in one's cap ; — par zadan, To
fly ; — pari gimurg& &ar dtish wihddan, To
use spells and incantations (in allusion to
an episode in the Shah-nama); — pari q&,
An ostrich -feather ;—pari hah, A blade of
(trass or Btraw (m.c.) ; — par gustardan, To
extend the wings ; to be weak, infirm ; —
pari maga» (fly's wing), A kind of weapon ;
the brilliancy of a sword ; a musical instru-
ment ; a delicate kind of silk-stuff ;— par
nihddan, To expel ; to propel ; to turn one
from his purpose by stratagem \—paru bdl,
Feather and wing ; — par u bdli iqbdl, The
feather and wing of prosperity ; — par u bal
shihattan (dar ham shikastan), To break the
wings; to render utterly powerless; — par u
bal faro hilidan, To become weak, languid,
weary ;] — pur, Full ; laden, charged ; com-
plete ; much, very ; too much, too (m.c.) ;
— pur dmadan (ehudan), To be full ; to
become fulfilled ; — pur kardan, To fill.

\)> pard, Pera (m.c); — purd, Fulness;
fatneBs,

pur-d-pur, Filled to the brim, quite

full.

t)V^7> pardzrdu, A species of royal falcon.
f-yf> pararir,^]*. pardriz, The year before
last.

t^j'ji pirdrin, par art a (in Zand and Pft-
zand). Good, excellent.

purdz, Scattering; plough-harness.

iJ j\rt pardzdn, piruzda (whence the A.
J J j^), A lump of dough.

fa purdzh, Dispersed, scattered .

vl>l paras, Expansion ; perfection ; de-
livery, surrender.

J^ji pardedl, jU-JUIjj pardsdlina, The
year before the last, the third from the
present year.

W^V' pn^aglan, To clean.

\jA]> pardsh, Dispersion, scattering ; imp.
of the following.

yAeA\y v para&Mdan, To disperse, scatter;
to put down, quelJ, appease ; to be dis-
ordered in mind.

Jj~4,l^ pardshida, Scattered ; ii.'sane.

\j> pard-koh, The further side of a
mountain ; the deeper part of a mountain
from wbich the water runs ; a channel made
by a mountain-torrent.

^■^^fipardgandagi , Dispersion, scatfered-
m'Ss ; distraction.

yjuStj} pardgandan, To disperse, dissipate,
scatter ; to send everywhere ; to dishaud
(an army).

^•^Ti pardgandam, Anything to be
strewed or scattered (as sweet herbs over
dead bodies).

SAiftjj pardganda, Dispersed, scattered,
disbanded; dissipated; in ittentive ; prose
(opposed to paiwada, Poetry) ; — pardganda
kardan, To disperse, scatter ; — pardganda
u pareshdn shudan, To be dissipated and
ruined.

a JW a-iAS^ pardganda-hdl, In troubled
circumstances.

a ^V- f>^\fi pardganda khdtir and —

J j t^S\j>. pardganda-dil, Disquieted.

^jjy b±i3\fi pardgartda rozi, "Who has met
with reverses of fortune.

^jS t^^ji paraganda-goy, Who speaks in
prose ; who talts at random or confusedly.

yAijo^^j pardgandldan, To scatter ; to
cause to scatter.

<_s? \$ pardgi, A helmet ; a skull-cap.

"^"ji paralak, .Excellent steel ; a sword.

^J>i £ pur dmad gajiz, The measure (of
his days) is full.

pardn, parrdn, Flying.

pardnddkh, Goat-skin leather.
parana, Name of a city and a river.

yx.i^> parumdan, To cause to fly ; to de-
fine, to make known, to notify.

$ A par-dwar, Flying ; swift.

Ai y£ parduiand, The bar of a door.

fifty, parahdm (in Zmd and Psizand),
Abraham ; name of a certain wealthy Jew,

^ (

pur-bad. Full of wind, inflated.

; V» parbdr, pat bdra, A summer-house ;
— pur-bar, Fuil-bWn (a flower); fruit-laden
(a tree) ; freighted ; lading, cargo.

J^jt parbdl, 4J^> parbala, A summer-
house.

yfy- Ji pur-bar/tar, More covered with
snow (m.c.).

lAj^^ parbarndwish (?), The sky.

parbazydn (?), yyy, par-bun, A kind
of painted China silk.

**** pur-pdya (full of feet), A centipede ;
a spider, = yk)>f, q.v.

parpar, A young partridge; — purpar,
A herb like water-mint,
/•ftrj parparam, Pnrslwm,
fyjt parpara. Small, thin, light coin.
MA parpoz, The parts round the mouth.
fa> y, pnr-paklii, A displeasing word.
parpahan, parpahn, Purslain.
purpay, An assessment to defray the
cost of lighting Musulmnn temples.
parprn, Zedoary.

part (perhaps related to the follow-
ing mid } \jj> q.v.), Prostrate, floored ;—part
shudan, To he thrown (from a horse) ; — part
kardan, To fling to the ground ; to throw
oneself (ram.cc).

w^/, pari iib, An arrow that flies far; a
leap, spring, throw ; shining, brilliancy, re-
splendency, brightness, flashing; a coin;
tumbling ; shooting, caBting, hurling,
lancing ; — partab kardan, To throw (an
arrow).

t)W»^> partdbiydn, Archers, bowmen,
•^ji partdd. Slander, whisperings,
u^^i partdsh, A district in Turkistiin.
} \3j> partav, A bow-shot, Ac. (for v*^>>
q.v.).

)'/, partar, Starch, size.

utW. pvrtuJe, purtaJc, An ambler (see

J 1 *^ purtugdl, Portugal.

tf&jl part-gah, A precipice, precipitous,
steep (m.c.).

h J 5 ^ portal, The baggage of a horseman
carried on a camel.

partala, A gift, a present • a turban,
bat, head-gear.

h aliy, partala, n^Sfi partala, A belt.

0ju^ji parlamtdan, To be chapped or
swollen (lips).

f;>, part.au, A ray, light; shock, collision.

(yU-jJ^ pariawistan, A place of radiance
or brightness ; name of an interpretation of
the Dasii'Ir by Siiman V.

jlAil fj> partefw-andaz, Darting rays.

lyfl partawa, A far-flying arrow.

<jyji partawi, A philosopher of the sect
of jlluminati (see ^Wi^l).

jd> f v par-iir, A pointless, four-winged
arrow.

sjW jspur-chdna, Having or taking one's
mouth full ; talkative (m.c ).

tJ&W pur-chanagi, Talkativeness ; — pur-

0 ) ^

chdnagi kardan, To talk much, to prattle, to
gossip (mm.ee).

parchctm, The tail of the sea-cow,
which they hang round the necks of horses ;
a black fringe or tassel tied round the
reck of a spear ; a lock of hair (especially
waving over the forehead); the' sea-cow;
the Yak or Tartary ox.

parcha, A bit, piece ; cotton cloth.
0^j>, parchidan, To strike, drive, clench ;
to beat down the poiut of a driven nail so
as to fix it ; to rout.

parchis, The planet Jupiter (see

e-a^j, parchln, Curved, crooked, bent ;
nails driven through anything and then
clenched at the points ; a hedge of briars ;
thorns placed on a wall as a fence ; a shed ;
a hovel constructed of sticks, leaves, &c. ; —
pur-chin, Full of wrinkles.

a pur-harf, Talkative, garrulous ;

— pur harf zadan, To talk much or too
much, to chatter (mm.ee).

d^ji purkhash, War, battle ; a quarrel.

purhhtish-ju, /sA^t} purkhftth-
hhar, jj-ifcU^, purkhdsh-kjiwur. Disposed for
war, pugnacious.

E 6 -/- parukhch, ij^jf, parakjiih, A horse's
buttocks.

*>j*- ptir-khimd, Intelligent, prudent.

a }l pur-khatar, Full of hazard.

parkhani (pur-kham ?), Confused,
entangled, topsy-turvy ; perplexity.

j*7> parkhau,par¥hu, A magazine, granary ;
a buttery, larder ; meat, victuals ; cheerful-
ness ; a pruning of trees.

JJ*" ?•> pur-kjiwvr (eating to the full), A
glutton.

esjj.*- j> pur-kj^wurt, Fulness of food, glut-
tony.

j> pur-k&Xtn, Full of blood.

us 1 ) 4- ?•> pur-k&fini, BlooJthirstiness,
cruelty ; a blood or black pudding (doubt-
ful meaning).

,y.A^. parkJitdaii , To pull up by the roots ;
to shave ; to reap, mow ; to fence with
thorns.

4.u*}j parkhida, A wink, nod, sign.

•ijs parad, He flies (3rd sing, of parldan) ;
—pard, An enigma; the plush of velvet,
Ac; a time ; a fold, plait, ply ; [yak pard,
Once ; — da pard, Twice ; two-fold] ;—pirad,
He becomes (seemingly the 3rd sing, of an
obsolete verb pirdan or pividan) ; — purad,
He fills ; it becomes full (3rd sing, of puri-
dan) ;—purd, Difficult, obscure ; an enigma ;
a bridge.

\-iflpardti, To-morrow (comp. loji).
pardd^h, Splendour.

ii.4.W ; i pardakJxt, Finished, complete,
polished; rinish, polish, correction; comple-
tion, perfection ; engagement, employment;
patronage.

pardCikhtan (imp. parddz), To

^ (

finish, complete, accomplish ; to polish, fur-
bish, adorn, bring to perfection ; to clean,
clear, free ; to agree with, to accommodate
oneself, to be satisfied ; to be busily and
attentively engaged ; to attempt, care about ;
to employ, devote, consecrate ; to excite ;
to set out ; to raise, take up, remove ; to
prepare; arrange; to evacuate, abandon,
leave; to come to an end, to be completed ;
to be disengaged and free from all attach-
ments ; to take, rob, seize ; to be bound or
closely connected with anyone ; to sing ; to
play on an instrument.

<^^,pardakhta, Finished; left; adorned;
polished ; disengaged, freed from all attach-
ments or hindrances ; excited ; employed,
busily engaged; put to a distance;— az
hama parddkhta, Wholly and entirely dis-
engaged, freed from business of every kind.

^ J ji par-ddr, Winged.

jljjj pardaz (imp. of parddkhtan), Finish
thou, &c. ; (in comp.) performing ; com-
pleting; adorning, as bard'at-parddz, Per-
fectin excellence; — muhimma pardaz kardan,
To prepare necessaries, provide, lay in, lay

d*)\^j>, pardaxish, Adornment, embellish-
ment.

f '^Uparddz-gar, A polisher, a furbisher.

'■^ °;i parddzanda, Becoming disengaged.

ijy^pardd:), Completion, elegance, orna-
ment, perfection ; — inshd-parddzi, Elegance
of composition.

lt 1 ^^. pardds, Consummation; stability.

£W parddgh (pirddgh, purdd gh ). What
removes the rust from a sword, <£c.

J^. pardal, A pair of compasses ; a gus-
set.

ji. pur-dan, <j>^ y>, pur-dam, Wise,
prudent.

^^f.pardakhtan, To finish, &c, (= (a**X>>$
q.v.).

^Jy, pardakhta, Completed, finished,
accomplished ; disengaged ; employed ;
polished.

V )' pw-dard, Full of pain, painful.
pardak, An enigma; sincere, pure.

ij^i pardagi, A modest, chaste woman,
one who is confined at home ; concealed ;
concealment; a chamberlain ; — pardagi'i rat,
Wine ;— pardagi'i haft rang. The worid.

t^->j» pardagin, Veiled, hid by a curtain ;
—pardaghi Jcarda shuda, Confined at home,
secluded from the view of men.

purdal, A plate, tnncher, dish ; —
pur-dii, Full of courage, intrepid, magnani-
mous ; intelligent ; liberal.

j> pur-dili, Valour, courage.

yjji pardan ('{), A boundary, a limit.

jjjj pardo, A roof ; a balcony ; a small
beam.

Ufiparda, A veil, curtain, tapestry, caul,
film, membrane ; a partition between two
rooms ; the walls of a tent ; a fence or wall

241 ) ^)

] for dividing fields ; a coating, a layer, a
lamina ; the sky ; a plait, fold ; a musical
tone or sound, a note ; a melody ; the key of
an organ,harpsichord,orsimilarin8trument;
j frets or divisions upon the neck or finger-
board of a guitar or lute; modesty; an
; act of a play, &c. (m.c.) ; [pardo. as rui kdr
! uftddan (bar-khdstan), The secret comes
out; — parda az ru i kdr bar-diishtan (kashi-
J dan), parda az kdr bar-ddsMan, To divulge
j a secret ; — parda i dhan, The firmament ;
— parda'i ahrlmani. Wicked spirits ; • — ■
parda'i izadi, What is concealed by God,
a divine mystery; — parda bdftan (sdkjt-
tan, giriftan), To play or sing a tune har-
moniously ; — parda bar-ddshtan, To make
a picture of, to paint (m.c.) ; — parda bur-
dan, To seize ; to ravish ; — parda bar kaae
darldan. To put one to shame, to disgrace
him ; — parda bar ru'i kdr afgandan. To con-
ceal a matter ; — parda bar giriftan, To lift
the veil ; to reveal, to show ; to behave
in a shameless manner ; — parda'i bakd-
rat, The hymen ; — parda ba-garddnidan,
To pass from one tone to another ; to
modulate the voice ; — parda'i bulbul, Name
of a musical note ; — parda'i bini, The car-
tilage that separates the nostrils; — parda'i
tang, Bed- curtains ; — parda'i taswir, A pic-
ture (m.c.) ; — p'trda'i chaghm, The eye-lid ;
— parda'i chaghdna, Name of anote in music;
— parda'i hijdz, Name of a musical air or
melody ; — parda khdli kardan, To disclose,
reveal ; — parda'i khurdedn, Name of a musi-
cal note; — parda'i khurram, Name of a note
in music ;— parda'i khurndhan, Heaven ; —
parda'i dukhdnl, A dark night ; — parda'i
dil, The blood of the heart ; the pericardium ;
the lungs ; — parda'i dir-sdl, Name of a note
in music ; heaven ; — parda'i daihimi, A dais
embroidered with a crown (m.c.) ; — parda'i
rdz tang kardan, To make a secret public ; —
parda'i raughani, An oil-painting (m.c); —
—parda'i zujdji, A dark night ; a black
cloud ; heaven ; — parda'i zambur, Name of
a musical note ; curiously wrought tapes-
try ; — parda'i zambiiri, Heaven ; — parda'i
sard, The veil before women's apartments ;
— parda'i simdkh. The tympanum, the ear-
drum ; — parda'i sifdhdn, parda'i Hrdq,
parda'i ushshdq, Names of musical tunes ; —
parda'i saut, Gamut, musical scale ; — par-
da'i 'ankabut, A cobweb ; a disease or web
in the eye ; the arachnoid tunic of the
eye ; — parda'i 'ua girdy. The fourth heaven ;
—parda'i g&iik, Scum on stagnant water; —
parda'i qumarl, Name of a note in music; —
parda kardan, To veil, hide, conceal ; to
divide; — parda giriftan (kardan) az, To
make evident; — parda'i mukaddir, Wicked
spirits ; — parda'i naqqdshi, A picture, a
painting (m.c.) ; — parda'i ndmusi, Honour,
reputation ; — parda'i nil-gun, The firma-
ment.;— parda'i haft rang, The world; the

^ (

vicissitudes of life ; the seven heavens ;
— parda'i yuqiit, Name of a note in music ;
~ dar parda dashtan, To shut up (in a
haram) ; to keep women from the view of
men; —dar parda shudan, To be veiled,
concealed or shut up ;] — purda, An enigma.

^>->/, pardahd (pi. of the preceding).
Veils, &c. ; — pardahd-rd anddkhtan, To let
the curtains down (m.c.) -—pardahai ash-
It ali raugfcani, Paintings in oil (m.c).

<-sV^ parda-drdy, Entertainment.

yiiUil 6jj> parda-uftddan, Interval be-
tween the acts, interlude (m.c).

s-y parda-buz, A musician, a singer.

jW\ y sjy, parda-bar-anduz, Letting the
cat out of the bag.

J*fi parda-posh, Putting on a veil,
keeping a secret,

ajji parda-dar, Holding the veil ; a
chamberlain, porter of the inner chamber,
the eunuch who has the care of the women's
apartments ; a spider ; a woman who holds
a veil over another's acts, a confidant ; —
parda-ddri falak, The moon.

S^> parda-dar, A veil-tearer, an impu-
dent, immodest man, ravisher of women,
slanderer or defamer of the sex ; a betrayer
of secrets ; a strumpet.

^jf^jO » jji parda-darldagi, Defamation.
t^j> parda-darida, Shameless, lewd

(m.c).

iL. ijj, parda-sdz, A mater of veils.

V* * J H parda-sard, A curtain, a pavilion ;
— parda-sird, s-y. parda-sirdy, A musi-
cian.

jr* Sj tf parda-soz, <jV£*i sj^j pazda-shikdf,
A defamer ; a revealer of secrets.

y-UA parda-shinds, A musician ; reli-
gious ; intelligent.

jitKi parda- fash, A betrayer of secrets.

i^ii'»o r ) parda-kash Drawing a veil.

&\3 aj^, parda-gdh, A theatre, a stage.

£ a.^, parda-gar, A maker of veils.

pAS so^j parda-gallm, A kind of carpet or
rug used by cheats and jugglers.

^a^. pardagi, = ^^ji q.v.

j> r pur-dahan, Full-mouthed.
6Jji parda-nishin, Sitting behind the
veil ; a modest woman, who remains con-
stantly at home veiled from the eyes of
men; a recluse ; an army stationed on the
frontiers of a country ; — parda-ni&hinani
bar, Pious men who lead a solitary life and
are initiated into the divine mysteries ; the
angels.

4-y, parda-nishini, A retired home-
life.

j\j Sjjj parda-war, Wearing a veil ; fit to
serve as a veil.

}i par-raugkan, The birds' smoothing-
their plumage with the beak, preening.

jfi pvrz, Nap upon cloth ; raw silk put
into an ink-horn.

•ijfi parzad, A drug resembling gum.

242 ) ^

SJ j;i purzada, — ifr purza, q.v.
)l *°3j5 purzada-ru. Pock-marked.

puritamburi, The firmament.
))) A pur-zor, Violent (m.c).

parza A powder or fine collyrium for
the eyes; a ploughing-ox ; a noble or
princely dwelling ; pile or nap upon cloth.

l )& P'iTza, Sjjj purzha, Shavings, shearings,
clippings, pollings (of cloth, Ac) ; a scrap ;
a bit, a piece ; frippery, rags; a tinder-box ;
fuel ; an account.
j\ j ijH purza-dar, Nappy, shaggy.
Q^jft parzidan. To fill a well with stones ;
to fortify or repair a well on the inside.
^fiiA parzlviand, Evident, undisguised.
<djfi parzhalc, Weeping, wailing.

pars, A curtain, a veil ; (for pars) a
panther ; — purs (imperative of pursidan),
Ask thou; a question; (in comp.) asking;
— S— £ q.v.
\—)lpurm, An inquirer.
J^-> j> par-edl, Last year ; inquiry after
health (doubtful ; should it be pursdl, cor-
rupted from pursi hal ?).

;> pur-sdla, Old and full of years,
tl^ji pursdn, Interrogating, asking, in-
quiring, demanding ; an interrogator.

y 1 **^ pursdnidan, To cause to ask ; to
ask.

>*— j» parast, A worshipper ; one who per-
sists in his opinion.

jU-^ parastar, A worshipper ; a servant,
slave, male or female ; obedient, submis-
sive.

jLs-f> parastdr-wask, Like a slave.
^^—f, parastdri, Worship ; servitude.
yU-jj parastdn, A bird resembling a pea-
cock ; an iron stove ; (pi. of parast) wor-
shippers ; [parastdni kJiaydl, Poets ; authors
in prose and verse ; — parastdni zam&na,
Worshippers of the world, worldly-minded;]
— pirastdn, Wild sorrel.

i_r-s~7> parastieh, Adoration, worship ; at-
tendance on the sick ; — parastith kardan,
To adore, worship.

x,,. t~ -, j > parastishbud, An ascetic, a monk.
diU. (ji*-^ parastish-kh.dna, A house of
worship, a temple.

8l O .j - .jj, parastish-gah, Aa oratory.
^ tj^z-fr parastishgari, Adoration, wor-
ship.

<iU~jj piristuk, A swallow (comp. usJU—b).
fjj&L.ji paraetagdri, Servitude, slavery.

paristandagi, Worship ; attend-
ance on the sick.

4xw,jj parastanda, A worshipper, adorer ;
a servant ; — parastanda'i thaydl, A vision-
ary ; a poet.

y-jl piristii, >^y-v> piristuk, A swallow.
4x-,> parasta, Any object of worship ; —
pirista, A handmaid.

yj^jj paraitidan, To worship, adore,
pray to ; to serve.

ix^jlparastida, Worshipped, adored.

VF^^'?^-")*, prastidizhitdsiyon, Jug-
glery (m.c. from Fr. prestidigitation).

lt—}>, punish, A question, interrogation ;
visiting the sick ; mourning the dead ; —
maraeimi pursishi khdtir, Inquiries after
one's health.
v>-;» pureuq, A weasel.
l*~>j>, parsum , Flour scattered on the table
to prevent the dough from sticking to it ; —
p»r*am, Food prepared for a guest ; an en-
tertainment, feast.

pursanda, An interrogator; — pur-
mnda'i khayul, A poet.
)T" A pursoz, Blazing; lighted (candle).
*-;» parsa, Poverty ; — pursa, Inquiry ;
attendance upon the sick ; condolence ;
mourning the dead ; a condoler.

&YS" a^, pursa-gdh, Place where search for
or inquiry after the dead is made.
u~7i purei, A cess, a fine (doubtful word).
O ^~ }t parsaydn, Ivy, convolvulus.

yU-.^, pargiy an ddru, Maiden's) hair.
^U-yj parsiydrvugh (G. TLcpo-tv<>), A
part of the heavens containing twenty -nine
stars called ra'su 'Ug£,ul, The dragon's head ;
also —

parsiydv:u»hdn> MaideD's hair,

<2±r~)>, pursldan, To ask, inquire.

ij^ffi purstdam, Questions that ought
to be put, conventional questions ; a riddle.

parsh, Cholic, gripes ; agitation ;
ivy ; a fountain ; — parish, Flight.

parshdsh, purshdsh, Name of a
country in Turkistan.

J^*H purshigdl (S. varfiha - Mia), A
cloudy, rainy sky.

t^fi parehambih (for panj-
shambik), Thursday.

fj^fipirshum, A reed (doubtful word).

i^y, pariskahi, A wing ; down on a
wing.

t)"***; 3 , parthidan, To Bcatter ; to swallow ;
to salt.

% pur-shir. Full of milk, milch.
}>. pur-ehiragl, Fulness of milk.
u-VUjj partde, pnrtds, A species of er-
mine.

partiya, Name of a town and coun-
try (Parthia?).

s 3^ V ar gMxa, parg&aza, The root
of a bird's wing.

jj^rt pury&ur, A dish of bruised corn.

Jj^jJ, parghiil, Wheat or barley coarsely
ground ; gruel ; a kind of sweetmeat,
barley-sugar.

^i^fi p*rgAfma, Filthy, ugly, displeasing.

y\>fi parfdn, Melancholy, full of sorrow
(doubtful ; perhaps for pur-fipjidn ?).

SiJU ji pnr-fd'ida, Full of instruction,
edifying ; advantageous ; — pur-fd'idatarin,
Most advantageous.

y'vAi j> pur-fighdn, Full of bustle.

ue!j{ park, Lint-seed ; the noise made by
a crackling fire, or by wood when splitting ;

243 ) i£f A

— parak, The star Canopus ; an echo ; name
of a river ;—pirk, The eye-lash.

j^jiparkdr, A pair of compasses ; a circle
(see j^tf) ; \_parkdr zadan (kashidan, nihd-
dan), To draw a circle ; — parlcdr kardan, To
render giddy -^—pur-kdr, Skilful; thick,
close, and well executed ; full of work, or
: workmanship ; thick, coarse, fat.
jl pur-kdri, Thickness.
j>. par-kdsk, Saw-dust; attention.
parkdla, A spark ; a pane of glass.
p\!>)> par/ram, The womb.
<jXj>, parkdn, Ignorance, inability to reply.

parkuwish, The pruning of trees.
«tf j>, par-kdh (for pari kdh), A straw,
a blade ; something mean ; — pur-kah,
Stuffed with straw.

pari kdhe, A blade, a straw's worth
(see the preceding).
■ff, parkar, Expectation, hope.
W*/ ji f ur kardan, To fill ; to multiply ;
to repeat.

o 50 ^ ?, pur-kardam, Stuffing, quilting.
cj}~% puraks-uii, A rich housing put over
the saddle by way of ornament.

parkam, Idle; reduced to nothing.
parkun, A curry-comb.
SjIs' par-kanda, With feathers plucked
out ; impotent ; scattered.

fc>^*J*}i parkahdn, = o^j^* q.v.
l ^s4> parkin, A hearth ; temple of this
Magi.

i^tf £ pur-kina, Malicious, spiteful.

pargdr, A pair of compasses ; a circle
made by them ; furniture; worldly things;
a tool; a collar; a collection; — pargdri
charkh (falak), The circle of the heavens.

b^ji paryd-ra, A small pair of compasses ;
a little circle made by them ; a bit, a piece
of linen; a wardrobe; worldly things.
(jj^fi pargdri, Work done with a compass.
pargds, Suspending ; inquiring ;
(S. prakaia) sunrise.

JUy pargdl, A pair of compasses ;
worldly things j furniture ; a collection.

<vitf^. par gala, A little bit of cloth, rag,
strip ; the pen of the compass ; a piece,
portion ; a patch.

fa par gar, A collar of precious stones
worn by the ancient kings of Persia, and
sometimes put round a horse's neck ; a pair
of compasses.

ts^ — Sjj. parqast, Mercy upon us ! Heaven
forbid !

(jy~fy. puragsun, purgusun, A rich hous-
ing put over the saddle by way of orna-
ment.

^•^fi pargasM, A herb which creeps
along the ground, twisting itself like a
rope.

^mSj> pargandagi, Dispersion, diffusion.
iJoS^i parganda. Dispersed, scattered.
tj£,i pargana, A district, a division of a
province so called ; — also pargina, An

electuary or compound of various fragrant
Buhstances,

j\ J ii^j pargdna-ddr, Chief of a parganah.

/ f, pur-go {-gu), Full of talk, talkative.
parguk, A lofty building ; a hos-
pital, house of refuge, bede-house.

P$ 7>> pur-gauhar, Abounding in good
qualities ; full of intellect.

Jjtfi pur-go'i (-gui), Talkativeness.

i^^ji purglri, An ortolan.

i^fi pargln, Public.

to-aSjl parglna, = <^> pargina, q.v.

u*Uj> parmds, Touch ; a rubbing of the
hand gently on anything; knowledge;
liberation, freedom ; salvation ; growth,
extension ; consummation, finish ; imp. of
parmdsidan.

"""Wi parmdsa, A smoothing, planing ;
touch; extension; liberation; knowledge.

yA-.Ujj parmdsidan, To touch, to feel ;
to extend, ti> lengthen ; to grow ; to know ;
= i^-^fi q-v.

parmdn (S. pramdna), Order, com-
mand (see t>t-v).

^JJ^ji parmdward, A kind of sweetmeat.

*W^> parmak, A wimble, gimlet ; a trepan.
;i pur-mdya, Stocked ; Purmaya,
name of one of the two brothers of Fari-
diin.

B vi~*]> parmat, A custom-house; customs.

jjjj parmat-bandar, Port of entry.

8^*afcH^i parmahhlda, Contradicting ; self-
opiniated; disobedient, undutiful to parents.

iJ *£ parmuda, Name of the son of Saw*
shah (see 8 >*y*ji).

ffi parmar, Expectation, hope ; a bee.
ft pari maga8, see under } >.

lt~^ j), pur-manish, Magnanimous.

yj>, parmii, Hope, expectation; a bee.

**yj> parmida, A thing; matter, sub-
Btance.

*<>ff» parmuda, parmuza, The son

of Sawah shah (taken captive by Bahrain
chubin).

jyj>, parmur, "Hope, expectation; a bee.
iff* P ar mu%, Hope ; a bee ; — purmuz,
Hay.

8 jj"V' parmuza, Expectation, hope ; a bee ;
name of the son of Sawah shah.

Uf'ji pairman, Ornament, decoration with
gold, silver, and jewels.

&*j> parma, Something; apart; a wim-
ble, drill; — pirma, Sloth; — purma, Song,
air ; a piece.

*jv* ji par-muhra, A cud of feathers, &c,
which birdB of prey bring up from their
crop.

i^fi pirmaha, Procrastination; sloth.

A pur-may, A sort of grape.
jtff v parmiyo, An affection of the bladder;
strangury.

fclji pawn, The Pleiades ; yesterday ;
according to others also moonlight, and =
the following.

244 ) ^

^fi parnd, Painted or embroidered silk.

dbfiparnak, Feathery, full of, or clothe J
with, feathers; — purnd'k, A youth ; a Tur-
koman tribe.

o^ji par-tain, Mouldiness of bread.

paranj, A grain smaller than wheat
(comp.

^ parand, The glittering surface of a
polished sword ; a sword ; a kind of fine
figured, painted silk ; plain silk; a bird ; a
saddle-cloth ; the Pleiades ; a sort of grass ;
wild cucumber; goat- skin leather ; a royal
standard ; a messenger ; pearls ; hope,
expectation (the last four meanings doubt-
ful) ; — parand bastan bar chlze. To veil or
conceal a thing.

t\-»ji paranddkh, G-oat-skin leather.

j> pur-naddmat, Deeply penitent.

))\^ij> y parand-dwar, A glittering sword.

i±>}i parandakh, An arrow.

djjji. parandaJc, A hillock in a plain.

i^rl parandu, = j^Wji q.v.

J^i^fi parandwdr, The night before last.

lAj 1 ^ parandoeh, The night before last.
paranda, parranda, Flying, volatile ;
a flyer; a bird; a winged animal; a bark,
small ship ; quicksilver ; — paranda'i cha*.
rdgh (flying round the lamp), A moth.

(•ft-^ji parandin, Silken, silken stuff.

J\S j j y.jjj prina da gal, Prince of Wales
(m.c. from Fr. Prince de G-alles).

pirang, The lustre or undulatory
surface (of a glittering sword) ; — piring,
Copper.

r** ji pur -nam, Full of tears.

yj» parnu, <jjJy> par nun, Embroidered
silk.

^UJji pamiydn, A kind of fine paiuted
China silk; also garments made of it;
shroud for a royal corpse ; — lihdfl pamiydn,
A mantle of such silk.

^jyt a^ji parniydn-khoy (khuy), Cheer-
ful, gay ; mild-tempered ; contented ;
tender-hearted,

t-Jfi parnikh, A stone or marble slab.

j) r pur-niBh (full of sting), Cholic,
gripes ; pained in the bowels, griped.
«j> part), The Pleiades,
'irt parwd, Cessation from labour, leisure,
quiet, rest; patience; power, force, strength;
possession, hold ; occasion, opportunity ;
desire, inclination, affection, appetite, con-
I cupiscence ; a turning towards ; study,
! endeavour, effort ; vigilance ; flight ; know-
; ledge ; rhetoric ; care, concern, solicitude,
anxiety ; honour, respect ; education ; pro.
tection ; fear, terror, stupor; bringing up,
rearing; known; easy; skilful; — parwd'i
kdr, Leisure, freedom from toil ; — parwd
ddehtan, parwd kardan, To care, or be con-
cerned, to take heed of.

j\yi par-war, parwdra, Education ;

fatted, crammed, stall-fed ; a washer-
roan's beetle ; a summer-house latticed

( 245 )

Art

on all sides for the admission of air ; a
turret open on all sides; a treasury; planks
for the roofing of a house ; a thing known ;
an easy thing; a Btrong propensity; libe-
rality ; enough, sufficient ; a treasure ;
fumigation with aloes; the urine of a sick
person which is shown to the physician ; a
glass urinal.

parwdri, Fatted, stall-fed.

$■)?■, parwdz, Flight ; leaping, springing ;
light, glory, radiance ; a residence, resting-
place ; a roost, perch ; a small beam or
batten for roofing a house ; a porch or
portico ; money scattered 'about on certain
festive occasions ; a veil, a shirt, shift, any-
thing that covers or conceals ; a certain
progress or stage in the divine life ; what-
ever is veiled oi' hid from public view; —
parwdz ba-bali digare kardan, To do a thing
with another's assistance ; — parwdzi chashm,
The throbbing of the eye-lid as an auspi-
cious omen for a meeting ; — parwdzi rang,
The fading of a colour; — parwdzi gosh,
Helix of the ear ; — parwdz kardan, To fly,
to fly or run to, to take wing ; to set on,
to cause to fight ■—'parwdz giriftan, To fly
away, to flee.

parwdz-gar, Swift, rapid.

s ;Vv pariraza, The fire of festivity, which
used to be lighted before the bride ; the
nuptial fire; wormwood strewed at the feet
of a bride ; money or scraps of gilt paper
scattered about at marriages ; gladness,
cheerfulness, enjoyment of life ; victuals
which people carry along with them to
make a repast in fields or gardens, pic-nic.

? 6 /.yi parwdxa-gar, A gift paper maker.

isytf* parwdzi, The hem of a garment.

Parwds, Peel, touch ; knowledge ;
growth, extension; smoothing; cessation;
deliverance; fear; imp. of parwdsldan ; —
parwds kardan, To know ; to feel ; to rub ;
to play ; to lengthen.

parwdeidan, To examine, feel
with the hand whether anything is hard or
soft, fat or lean ; to imagine, fancy ; to
apprehend, fear.

J^))> parwdeh, Negligent, careless ;
secure ; astonished, stupefied ; a buttock ;
a corner; end.

parwdq, A plant from which glue is

made.

^>A P&rw&k, <^\)j>, parwdg, A watch,
guard ; echo.

J^y» parwdl, A gusset ; compasses.

t)ly> parwdn, Flue of silk ; a parrot ; a
crime ; a sight, show, anything wonderful ;
liberality, beneficence; walking, recreating;
name of a city near G-hazmn.

""^Art parwdnajdt, Orders, passes.

parwdncha, Order, licence, permit.

ut\s# parwdncki, A Government officer ;
a secretary for writing royal orders.

parwdnak, The lion's provider,

otherwise called the a*-— siydh-gosh, a
small lynx with ears tipped with biack
hairs, which are used for painting ; a guide,
escort ; a messenger, courier, running foot-
man ; a general.

o^Vt* parwdnagi, An order, permission.

^ATi parw&na, A moth, particularly such
as fly about a candle at night ; a caudle,
lantern; a messenger; the animal called
the lion's provider ; any military monu-
ment set up as a road-direction, or to com-
memorate any spot ; a general, commander ;
a supervisor, inspector; a midwife ; a royal
patent or diploma; a grant or letter under
the great seal from any man in power ; a
pass, licence, leave, permit, command, pre-
cept, warrant, written order or commission ;
sentence of a judge ; the middle ; a locust ;
an iugeuious, elegant youth.

parwdnl, A wrestliug trick, a trip.
parwdwa, A guard, sentinel.
pdrwdh, — ^>j> q.v.

i^ifiparwdy, Easy; soft ; nimble ; plump.
parwa'i, Indigent, necessitous.

<j^, ) }i par-u-pdy, Power, strength.

JVi P^war, (in comp.) Nourishing, fos-
tering, educating ; a patron, protector ;
lace, fringe, edging; — also parur, A joint,
link, connection.

Q^hifv pwrwar&ndan, cj-^jaH pevrward-
nidaii, To cause to cherish.

i>U j J5J i parward-shdna, Shining ; light-
ning (unsupported by examples).

jl5jjj|jj parwardagdr, Omnipotence (as
nourishing all) ; a king ; — ■ parwarda gdri
guna (protector of the species), A king.

parwardagi, A fostering, rearing.

cWjAfi parwardan, To nourish, foster,
educate ; to worship ; to make up, to dis-
pense (medicine) ; to pickle, to preserve.

^j* Jjyj parwardanl, Nourishment, food.

ijyjj parwarda, Educated, bred, reared ;
nourished, fed, fattened ; a pupil, scholar,
ward ; a slave ; pickled ; made up, dis-
pensed (medicine) ; — parwarda shudan, To
be nourished, fostered, educated ; — par-
warda kardan, To educate, to nourish ; —
dar shakar parwarda kardan, To make pre-
serves.

vj'xftparwarish, Education; a fostering,
rearing; protection; worship; knowledge,
learning ; civilisation ; — panvarish kardan,
To educate ; to cherish.

QtXis.jrf'ij O^j}^, panvarish - amokhtagdn,
Prophets ; poets.

jyA J^jj^i parwarish-dmoz, A teacher; a
spiritual father ; engaged in holy warfare;
God.

6Ji })f* parwaranda, Cherishing; a che-
risher, protector, patron.

y-ujjjjjj panvarandidan. To pack or put
up in bundles or trusses.

i »A parwara, Fed, nourished, stall-fed,
fatted.

(

tSjjfi parwari, Education; one who edu-
cates ; educated.

parwarldan, To bring up ; to nou-
rish ; to begin.

Lrt)))i parwarlsh, Sugar of roses, con-
serve of roses.

jjjj* parwaz, A kind of border or selvedge
round a garment; a shirt, anything that is
put on the body or spread upon a bed ;
origin, root, stock ; a patch; a garment of
two colours, called shab andar roz, Night ill
day (pepper and salt) ; a Bort of gra*s
called margli ; array ; a circular disposition
of an army.

parurkan, A sieve, searce; anything
perforated all over with holes ; a fishing-
net.

parwazh, Interred, buried.

parwasanndn, People of the same
religion or society, co-religionists.
parosh, Pimples, pustules.
Qjfi parwan, Flue ot silk; name of a
city ; name of Gev's wife.

•>i)fi parwand, A pimp, pander; a beard-
less youth ; a pear; name of a plain near
Kazwln.

pwwania, parunda, A bundle, roll,
or truss (of clothes) ; any coarse cloth in
which they put up linens, a packing sheet ;
a clothes-press or chest ; a bleacher's beetle ;
a rope with which they fasten linens toge-
ther when "washing ; a large wallet that
opens on the side.

y^.&tf, parwandidan, To pack, truss.

*}* parwa, Plunder ; bedding ; Pleiades.

fc>ufc;ji parwahdn, Manifest, clear, evident.
jiy> parwez, Victorious ; fortunate, happy ;
dear, excellent, precious ; propriety of be-
haviour ; a sieve ; liberality; the Pleiades;
splendour^ a sugar refinery; a fish; a
proper name, particularly of Khusrau Par-
wez, son of Noshirawan (contemporary with
Muhammad) ; — parwexi falak, The sun.

yfof, parivizan, A hair sieve, a searce.

iSf~)f, parwtze, A victor.

tJ^rf- p a rwesh, Carelessness ; negligence.
purwin, Pleiades ; one of the twenty-
eight stations of the moon; (met.) beast of
burden ; — purwin, Filth ; sordid.

tj> parra, A side, border, edge, margin,
extremity; a spindle; a circular disposi-
tion of troops for hunting or other pur-
poses ; a rank or tile of soldiers ; the broad
leaf of wheaten straw ; the white poplar-
tree, also another kind of barren tree ; the
bolt of a door, the bolt of a lock, also what
they call the iron wings of the locks ; —
parra'i dsyd, The sail of a windmill ; ihe
board of a water-wheel upon which the
stream falls ; — parra hastan, To array in
battle-order ; — parra'i bint, A nostril ; —
parra'i ckarkk, The paddle of the wheel of a
steamboat (m.c.) ; — parra'i sar, The sharp
point of a bone ; a part of the head ; —

46 ) ^,4

parra'i qufl, The iron wing of a lock; —
! parra'i qufl lar haltd zadan, To set to work
the wrong way, to put the cart before
the horse.

{*j> parrahd (pi. of the preceding),
Wings, &c. ; — parrahd'i btnl (dawmgA), The
nostrils.

parhdzd, Touchwood, tinder.

ft^fi parhdm (in Zand and Pazand),
Abraham.

^*te*>j» parhakhlan, parhikhtan, To cor-
rect, instruct, teach good manners.

parhanj, A grain smaller than
wheat (see
yMtfi pur-hunar, Virtuous.

5 ji parra-nishin, Frontier troops.
parh'ud, '^y 8 ^. parhuda, Singed;
frothy talk.

fcJ^j*^ parhudan, To be singed, to turn
yellow by exposure to the heat.

a ij*}*)>pur-fiawas, Full of desire, lustful.
gjtofi. parhun, A halo round the moon; a
periphery, a circle made by compasses ; a
hoop ; a collar.

i^s^t'fi parhekMan, To teach, educate.
y^fi po.'fhez, Abstinence ; continence, chas-
tity, control over the passions ; care, for-
bearance, caution ; distance; fear; imp. of
parhezidan; — parhez ddshtan, To abstain,
fast, take care, be heedful; — parhez far-
miidan, To enjoin abstinence ; — pavhest kar-
dan, To abstain; — badi-parhez, Abslaining
from evil.

45 parhezdna, Food given to the
sick.

JSye*]!,parhe,zgdr, Sober, abstinent ; chaste;
cautious, careful.

tSJ^«*J* parhezgari, Carefulness, caution ;
chastity ; sobriety.

isiU^ftjj parhezndk, Abstaining from sin.
<_s)«*H parhezi, Fit for one under regi-
men.

(i*!)**^ parhezidan, To restrain oneself ;
to take heed.

^ pari, Winged ; a good genius, a fairy;
(for parlr) the day before yesterday ; —
puri, Thou art full ; plenitude, fulness ; —
collectedness.

^ — ^ <5ft part-afsd, ^l-^ parl-afsdy,
An exorcist ; ail amulet ; epileptic ; one
who subdues or gains ascendancy.

par y an, Silk ; muslin ; camel -

leather.

J^si <j£ parJ-paikar, Fairy- faced.
&e?y> paricha, Fibrous bark of the palm.
tfl* t5;i pari-chihra, With a fairy face,
handsome,

c5rt pari-khdna, An abode of fairies.
(^y^.ji pari-kjiwdn, Exorcist, magician.
^oj^ v pari-dar, A necromancer, magician,
one having familiar spirits at command ;
possessed of a spirit of divination ; a
female diviner ; mad; pandemonium.
^"Hji pari-ddri, Magic, necromancy.

<^Ji (

pari-dukhf, Name of the daughter
of an Emperor of China, mother of the
hero Zal,

V^ttfi paridagdn, Pliers; birds.

l/^;' paridagi, Flight.

e>^> paridan, To fly in the air, to flutter ;
to throb ; [parridani chashm, parrldani
rang, = parwdzi chashm, parwdzi rang,
qq.v. under jl^;] — piridan, To become (an
obsolete verb, for which see o# pirad above) ;
—yuridan, To fill.

**ij>, parida, Sallow (m.c).

(jji pari-dwhut, = q.v. ;

surname of Roshank, daughter of Dara
and wife to Sikandar.

jW* 1 ijj> pari-diddr, = ^4 pari-
paikar, q.v.

M parir, The day before yesterday ; —
parir parir, Same meaning ; four days ago ;
—parir-sdl, The year before last.

<££ pari-rukh, iSji pari-rukhtdr,

Angel-cheeked, fairy-faced.

pariraft shudan, To be af-
fected with convulsions, or eruptions on the
lips, from disturbed dreams.

(>}>.)> pariram, parlrum, Four days ago.

'))) ^fi i"W-roa, Day before yesterday.

isi) ijji pari-riiy, Fairy or angel-faced.
parlra, Of the day before yesterday ;
bread baked upon the coals ; golden, red
gold, or golden red ; interrupting.

paririna, Of the day before yester-
day.

£fi parez, Complaint, lamentation ; a
herb growing on the banks of rivers ; a
hair sieve.

pari-zad, ^ pari-zadd, Fairy-
born ; Parisatis.

dtyA parezban, A sifter of meal or flour.

K) <jfi pari-tada, Fairy-struck, be-
witched.

ftJ^i parexan, A hair sieve.

ij)>, pari-sdl, The year before last,

lS^** iSfi pari-sdy, A magician.

_)^~*>> parlstar, An ambassador.

})~ <-Sji pwri-sot, Name of a temple built
by KhusrauParvez ; name of a place.

triji paresh, Disperse thou ; dispersing,
or who disperses ; dispersion ; perturba-
tion, confusion, perplexity.

t^i/, pareshan, Dispersed, scattered;
dishevelled ; disturbed, perplexed, con-
founded, distracted, agitated, afflicted,
vexed, sad, melancholy ; unfortunate ; dis-
gusted pareshan shudan, To be or be-
come dispersed, &c. ; — pareshan kardan, To
disjoin, disperse, dissipate ; to offend, pro-
voke, disgust ; — pareshan gtiftan, To talk
nonsense.

a jV^ y^Mji pareshdn-auraq, Scattered
leaves, (a book) written upon scraps or
separate leaves, unarranged, unrevised.

a SjW- tM-Jji pareshdn-jilwa, Whose lustre
is destroyed ; scattering brightness.

247 ) ^

a J**- pareshdn-hdl, In a ruined

state.

a tA-**^ pareshan hdli, A distressed,
melancholy, sad, or ruined state.

ajLU. yUu>jj pareshdn-khdtir, Afflicted in
mind; disturbed; offended.

f\/~ pareshan-khirdm, Roaming

about.

£Uo yU^> pareshdn-damdgh, and —
a ts\j (^M^ pareshcin-rdy. Confused, per-
plexed, disturbed in mind.

a <^~ij> paresh&n-raqam, In scattered
lines, letters, or signs.
&}) d^Hjr parcshan-roxffar, Distressed
j in one's circumstances.
I i^-ifi pareshdn-sdz, Scattering.

I o^j*. pdreshdn-sukhun. Confused in

I one's speech.

a ^4- (J^&lj), pareahdn-safar, fir- (J^tji
pareshdn-sair, Roaming about, wandering
astray.

a y^y, pareshan-turra, With dishe-
velled locks.

ji£ pare&hdn-lcdr, Whose affairs are

in confusion ; who acts like one distracted
or mad.

JSls (J^ti pareshan MJcul, With di-
shevelled locks.

sjS <y^>>> pareshdn-kada, A house in
ruins.

OjS O^-ji pareshdn-gird, Roaming about.
^ yliijj pareshan^ giry a, Who weeps dis-
tractedly.

jUif y^jjj pareshdn-guftdr, ^ y^ji
pareshdn-goy , ~ a^Ay, q.v.

a i^r 4 "" a^iji pareshdn-mashrab, Of de-
praved morals.

fcjtijj* pareshdn-moy, With scattered

hair.

yUjjj pareshan-ndla, Who groans dr
laments in great distress.

a jzi Q\Mj> v pareshdn-nazar, and —

yl&ijj pareshdn-nigdh, Looking about
in all directions ; looking distracted.

a (^-iji pareshdn-nafs, Confused,

perplexed, distracted.

a yW/, pareshdn-naghma. Scattering
songs ; singing like one distracted with
love.

l _ J _-2 J j (jLiLjjj pareshan-nawlsi, A style of
writing in which the letters are not joined
(considered good).

jlijjj pareshdni, Dissipation, dispersion ;
distraction, confusion ; disgust ; distress,
perplexity ; — pareshdni kardan, To vex ; —
pareshdni kashidan, To be perplexed, dis-
tressed, confused.

yjuilAj^j pareshdnidan, To distract and
distress ; to be distracted and distressed,

s-^ ^fi pari-shab, Night before last.

I*~>y, paresham, Silk.

(/>-&3j> pareshan, Dispersion ; - o^Hrt <1- Ti

yj^-ij^j pareshidan, To disperse; to lose
one's senses. '

( 248 )

9%

8,1 * A iji pareshida, Dispersed ; perturbed ;
distracted.

a ^«U> ^ pari-pal'at, Fairy-faced.
pariqu, A swan.

parl-girifta, A soothsayer.

^thi pan-wash, Fairy-like.

Ofij> paryun, A distemper about tlie
nails, makiDg them dropoff; tetter, ring-
worm, mange.

C>W pareyan, = q.v. (not sup-

ported by examples).

$ paz, A sweet cane, the root of which is
eaten for a pain in the stomach ; (in comp.
from pukhtan-), Cooking ; boiling.

eP^H pazdkj^tan, piztikhtan, To melt.

fcj-^fyi pazdnidan, To cook; to cause, re-
quest, or order to cook.

8 ^>j pazawa, i$,y y pazhdwa, A brick-kiln ;
a lime-kiln.

t^^y, pazp-unitan (in Zand and Pazand),
To give ; — pazpunami, I give ; — pazpunld,
Give ye.

pazd, Blood ; soul, spirit.
pazddgh, A polishing or furbishing
instrument (see $>>j»).

**)^)* pazdak, A weevil.

rt> paz- ear. Bald.

<j"-j> piziak, An owl.

pazashk, An owl ; — pizishk, A phy-
sician, surgeon.

ij^H pwithki* The art of healing.

£y, pazagh, pazgh, A young vine- shoot ;
astounded, stupefied (not supported by
examples).

»uijj puzgMand, A certain tanning-fruit.

yfy pazgar, A cook.

Jj^> pazwand, A bundle of clothes.

tSiH J>«3wt, pazaun, Ignoble, vile, base.

&j> piza, Sweet cane; arms, armour.

^j> r pazl, Side, part, toward.

yjiyi pazidan, To cook ; to be cooked ; —
puzidan, To pinch.

tjijl pazlra, Meal, flour.

j» pazh, Uneven ground ; a mountain, a
hill ; old and soft mud ; old, obliterated ;
filth, dregs, dross ; — puzh, Sleet ; sweet cane.

<i\)> pazhdd, Aged; a venerable old man;
— pazhdd lar-dmada, Aged.

_j\}> pazhdr, A pace, a step.

pazhdzh, A strap ; winter (doubtful
word).

y> w pazh-asmdn, Empyrean heaven.
j^fYjj pazhdgin, Impure, filthy, sordid.

pazhdmand, -^ji pazhdwaiul, The
bar of a door or gate ; (also paehdwan) the
beetle of a fulling-mill.

b^ji pazhdwa, A brick-kiln.

puzhpuzh, A word used by shepherds
in calling their goats.
yji pcuzh-sar, Bald (se& yyj).
gjj pasthagh, A frog; a dam, a weir ;
astounded, stupefied (the latter meaning
not supported by examples).
■^My^pazhgkdb, A dam, a weir.

8d r fe }i pazhffAarda, A thorny plant.

I^ji pazhgifiam, The acacia., a thorn from
which they extract a styptic medicine.

•^ji pazhg&and, Curriers' sumach, a kind
of bushy shrub with which leather is
dressed ; the braying of the mule.

JA' puzh<j£al, A kind of sweetmeat; a
dish made of grain ; corn bruised (see

**J> passhgha, A vine-prop or arbour.
pazhqala, The scolopendra.

•wj)?, pazhqand, Vain, idle discourse.

<&Sy>, pazhkdla, Part, portion, bit; patch.
pazhm, pizk-m, A mountain ; — pazharn,
pazkm, Fog ; — puzham, Frost ; hoar-frost.

yrt^*}t pazhmdpun, Name of a hero.

pizhmdn, paxhman, puzhmdn, Sad,
melancholy, mournful, dejected ; penitent ;
drunk; bedimmed ;— puzhmdn, Desire, wish.

o l ^*jl pizhmdni, Grief, care, sadness.

0 JJ^*ji pazhmdward, Viands or sweetmeats
carried home from a feast ; a kind of sand-
wich (see

J 1 ' pazhmdyun, 4j^j> pazhmdya, Fari-
dun's cow.

<2 J « ! \j'«3?, pazhmurdnldan, Caus. of
q.v., but used in the same sense as the
primitive.

u^yji pizhmurdagi, A withered state.

yJyji pizhmurdan, <jjjj>»Jj pizhmuridan,
To wither, fade, flag, faint, become lean,
emaciated, pale ; to be sad and melancholy ;
to die.

^j-ji pizhmurda, pazhmurida,
Withered ; bedimmed ; sad, mournfuJ, me-
lancholy; — pizhmurda-riiy u pareshdn-muy,
Pale-faced and dishevelled-haired.

iy*'j> pazhmazha, An earthen jar (?).

<Jf*ji pazhniily, Pock-marked.

6)J> pazhan, A kite; end of a street.

i^vy^ pazhndma, A surname, nickname.
pazhand, A wild gourd, or purging
phlegm, a species of cucumber, the colo-
cyuth ; a kind of self-growing, sweet-
smelling, edible plant, which resembles
spinage.

j^'ji pazhangdr, j&y pazhangar, A car-
penter ; smith ; tanner.

*r^'j» pazhangara, l j&y pazhangazha, A
coney, rabbit.

pazhu, Blood ; life (probably misread-
ing for Jy. q.v,),

>d>\fy paxhwak, An echo.

ajjjj (^-i- khabar-) pazhuda, A spy.

^;}v puzhilk, An alarming noise.

Jj#. pazhul, The ankle ; a filbert ; the
female breast ; a ball with which boys
play.

pazhul-bdz, A player at such a

game.

yU_> Jjjj pazhul-pist&n, Plump-breasted.
uiJjj> pizhulith, Intricate; scattered;
withered ; sad, mournful.
■^jji pizhulid, Withered, faded.

J* ( 249 )

Q^fy pazhuMdan, pizhuUdan, To Bearch,
inquire, investigate ; to wither ; to mix ; to
be scattered, perplexed, disturbed ; to ad-
vise ; to cut off the tail.

pwhulida, Withered ; soft ; docked ;
advised ; questioned ; impotent, feeble,
faint ; flat, insipid.

Oji pazhum, Poor; despised.

B^JI pazhwman, Beggars.

■**aj» pazhwand, A bar, bolt; a fuller's
beetle ; — also pazhawand, A pimp.

6 j)i pizhuh, (in comp.) Examining; an
eiaminer, searcher, explorer, investigator,
inquirer ; examination, search, inquiry ; a
mountain ; the lining of a garment ; —
hikam-pizhuh, Contemplating abstract sub-
jects ; — khirad-pizhnh, An examiner into
the opinions of others ; — ddnish-pizhuhdn,
Investigators of science.

\J-*)j> pizhuhish, Inquiry, examination.

ij^^jfa pizhuhandagi, Strict search,
minute examination.

iAit> )ji pizhuhqnda, Examining, searching;
intelligent, wise; an inquisitor; a spy,

QAtJkfil pizhiihidan, To examine, inquire.

s-isAjjj pizhvMda, Investigated ; wise.

v^5> pazhawl, puzhmvi, Base, ignoble.
pazhwln, Filthy, nasty ; squalor.
pazha, A mountainous country ; the
lining of a garment; — pizhuh, Search.

0^ puzhhan, HoneBt ambition, laudable
emulation ; desire ; — puzhhdn burdan, To
be solicitous ; to desire ; to envy.

a Ju4>jl pazhhtdan, = o-^ijii q.v.

y>'j>. pazMzh, Wool ; feathers of a bird,

ftjjji pazKzha, Meal, flour (see

ij-i pas, After, afterwards, behind ;
finally, at last, at length, after all ; the
last, latter part; but, moreover, however;
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly ;
for this reason ; [p>as az an, After that,
thenceforth ; — pas az in, After this, hence-
forth ; — pas az bisydr ayydm, After many
days; — pas az jang, After the battle; — pas
afyandtm, To lay up in store ; to bequeath ;
to throw back or behind ; to make little of;
—pas dmadan, To follow, to come behind;
— pas andas hard, He despised, discarded,
or reviled ; — pat an gah, Afterwards, then ;
— pas pa shudan, To return, to retreat, to
turn back ; — past parda, Behind the cur-
tain; — pas pusht kardan, To put behind
one's back, to stand before, hide, conceal;—
pasijd nishln, An assistant in a shop; — pas
charkha nafrm kunad, He abuses the ab-
sent;— pas chun, When, therefore; — -pan
khdna, Behind the house ; — pas kham zadan,
To run away ; — pas dddan, To give back
(m.c.) ;— pas dast kardan, To conceal, to
store ;— pas dukdn hurdan, To cheat, to de-
fraud; — pad diwar, Behind the wall; — pas
raftan, To follow ; — pas zdnu nishastan, To
retire into a corner, to become a recluse ; —
pat tar andd]chtan (kardan), To despise,

discard, revile; — pasi ear khirldan, To
make excuses ; — pas ear namudan, To turn
away the face through shame ; to divert,
call off the attention ; — pasi ghaibat, Be-
hind one's back, in one's absence; — pasi
fardd, The day after to-morrow ; — pas
kdri khwesh ghafl nishastan, To begin a
work and be careless about finishing it ; —
pas giriftan (siidndan), To take back (m.c.) ;
— pas gosh afgandan, To forget ; — pas gosh
anddkhtan, To pretend not to hear, to dis-
miss from one's mind;— pas mdndan, To
remain behind, to survive ; — pas u pesh,
Behind and before, here and there j demur,
hesitation, evasion ; — pas u pesh namudan,
To hesitate; — an in pas bdz, In future,
henceforth , — az pas budan, To be over ; —
az pas raftan, To be lost to ; — pa pas, pas at
pas, Successively, one after another; behind j
— dar pas, Behind, after, in the rear ; — dar
pas dmadan, To follow, to come behind ;] —
pus, A son.

pasd, Name of a city in Persia.

O* 1 ^ W pasd- chin, Gleanings.

ctK-j Ul» pasa-dast, Credit; borrowed;
buying on credit.

BoUtf ^ pas-uftada, Lagging behind ; a
posthumous child ; savings, a hoard.

Jj&l pas-afgand, Anything laid up
for future use, either in reference to this
world or the next ; inheritance.

i*!L^ pasdk, A garland of flowers (see

(;>;j\~j pasdnitan, (Zand and Pazand), To
scatter.

u~{ pas-andaz, Clear profit; savings,
a reserve against old age or want of em-
ployment.

iJ-*&\ pas-andesh, Who thinks after
the deed is done ; who thinks of the past.

yj^iL-j pasdwdan, To irrigate,

i>J j)T <j~i pas-dwarda, An adopted son or
daughter.

u~» pas-augand, A hoard, a reserve.

jj^Uo. pae-dwand, The last consonant in a
verse with which all the other distichs
rhyme ; rhyme, metre, verse.

y^L-i. paedwldan, To rub gently, touch ;
to intoxicate.

4s£jj»L»j. pas-dhang, A nail ; a horse-shoe
a piece of iron nailed to the heel of a shoe ;
the rear-guard.

— u-ipas-ist, A follower, an imitator.

«joj\ (j-j pas-dyanda, A follower ; an after-
comer.

^U— » pas-pay, Sitting cross-legged ; a
manoeuvre for tripping up another's heels.

y~j pas pari-roz, Four days ago

(m.c).

past, Low; humble; plain, level
ground ; abject, mean, base, vile ; avari-
cious, sordid, grovelling ; destroyed, ruined,
depopulated ; [past kardan, To render
miserable, to crush, to depress; to tower;

( 250 )

to squeeze ; — -past u buland shudan, To be
up hill and down dale (m.c.) ; — past u khwdr,
Base and mean ;] — put, Bruised corn ; meal
of wheat, barley, or vetches, especially when
toasted (in Arabic called sawiq) ; a kind of
food made of deer's liver, almonda, &c,
and of which a bit the size of a pistachio-
nut will support the life of a dervish for
several days ; — pistijaw, Barley-meal.

pasta, Carrying forward any busi-
ness already begun ;—pista, The pistachio-
nut.

us~.j pastd-dast, Buying on credit.

^U-j pastdn (pi. of past), The most
humble ; the basest, lowest, meanest, most
avaricious of mankind ; — pistan, The breast,
nipple; a place abounding with pistachio-
nuts ; the pine-tree ; — pistdni gag, Sebes-
tens ; — pistan kardan, To give milk ; — pis-
tani mddar buridan, To cut off a mother's
breast ; (met.) to be insatiable and guilty
of the basest ingratitude ; to lie ; to act
perfidiously.

» past-dwaz, Low- voiced.

(W past-tarin, Nethermost,

(jfc&l^ <^—-> past-ddshtagi, A holding
down ; — past-ddshtagl'i sar, A hanging
down of the head.

<sja\ j i3^~o past-ddshta, Held down.

f~4 t pastar, Posterior, later ; afterwards,
after j — pistar, A bed, bolster, pillow (see

usSj*— » pastarak, Somewhat lower, in-
ferior ; later ; humbler ; more base, more
avaricious ; anything laid under paper to
keep it clean whilst being polished ; the
hiccup of a dying person.

fy—i pasturam, pasturum, Ice ; frost, hoar-
frost ; a jack-daw.

fc>*r— i pastarln, The last.

a va>jU <j — » past-fitrat, Small-minded.

a <** past-qad, Dwarfish, low of sta-
ture.

< ab o.> pistalc, The jujube-tree.
1 _ s £x-o pastagi, Lowness, depression.
isVyu»j pistank, The jujube-tree.

pastuq, The joint of the neck.
pasta, Coloured silk ; — pista, The
pistachio-nut ; — pista'i bang, A small quan-
tity of bang ; — pista'i khanddn, pista'i
shakar-fishdn, The lips of a mistress ; —
pista'i qandl, Preserved pistachio nut;
(met.) sweet speech.

pista-dahan, O &z~> pista-lab,
With a mouth or lips sweet as a pistachio
nut.

a k*~*A> «~~> past-hitnmat, Mean-spirited ;
unambitious.

(j**^ pastt, Lowness; inferiority; humi-
mility ; baseness ; the earth (opp. to balandi,
heaven) ; a swamp, marsh ; — pieti, A pis-
tachio.

*sQ, l _ s «~» pisti-rang, Pea-green.

pastiwdr, A clumsy mechanic.

t-h^—i pischln, A hard wood for making
bows.

_>\f*— l pas-khwdr, pasi-khwdr. Remain-
ders of meat or drink.

8J )y- pas-khwurda, The fragments of
a meal, orts ; a sip, a draught.

y* 4 - y>i pas-khez, The pupil of a wrestler
who, after a match is over, practises with
one of the adversaries.

pasdasti, Concealment, hoarding,
storing up.

u~l pas-diwdr, A dervish.

y~* pusar, pisar (S, putra), A son, boy,
youth ; — pusari dbtln, Faridun ; — pusari or-
shad, The eldest son or heir apparent ; —
pusari tak {raz), A cluster of grapes ; — pu-
sariddyi, Cousin (son of a maternal uncle,
m.c, see < j^) ; — pusari sabuktagin, Sultan
Mahmiid Ghaznawi ; — pusari 'amm, An
uncle's son, a cousin.

^ V-i pusarak, A mule.

j- 45 ' j~~> pusar-andar, A step-son.

r~* pusar-pistak, A fruit like the

jujube.

(j^r 4 - y—i pusar-thwdndagi, Adoption.
*-**\)*- j~ipusar-kM.y>anda, Adopted son.
SJ \j r*i pusar-idda, A son's son, a grand-
son.

•4r-> pusarak, A little boy ; a child,
infant.

)■£ y~i ptisar-gir, An adopted son.

pusar-murdagi, Bereavement.

e<J /* J r**4 pwaar-murda, Bereaved of a son.

}fi pasrau, A follower, an attendant ; an
imitator; dependants; train, equipage;—
pisaru, pusarv, Little son ; little boy.

(jjj-j pa&rawl, A following ; imitation.

Sj-o pusara (for pusarak), Little boy (con-
temptuously) ; — in pusara, That wretched
boy, poor wretch (mm.cc.).

^sj—i pusari, Boyhood ; filiation, sonship.

<W;j_j pmareeha, A froward son ; a mac of
the lowest class.

l»U y-j pas-sham, A meal which the Mu-
hammadans make a little before day- break
during the month of Ramazan to enable
them to fast till sunset.

pasaghAa, Prepared, arranged.

a •iSL^i pasqad (for past-qad), Of low
stature, a dwarf.

tifi~j pask, An owl ; —pisk, A lot which is
cast; curly hair; globular dung.

lt^ cri pas-kash, Recoil, repurcussion.

^X\s J£— ^ piskali tdragi, Pistachio.

<UjC-j paskala, A wooden bar or bolt.

a^y-j pas-kacha, A dervish.

4j*jSL_> pas-koha, Back part of the saddle.

qj£ pas-gardan, Neck, hind-head.

«si£~j pasagaJc, Dew, hoar-frost, rime.

je f fjM^ pas-gir, An adopted son.

jiJii y-o pas laehkar, The rear-guard.

iaSoJL-j pas-ling, Left behind ; infirm,
weak.

yU^j pasmdn, A wager.

( 251 )

6a»U tj*> pae-manda, A survivor ; old, an-
tiquated, out of fashion ; remaining, left
(as remnants of food).

^~ipo8(md, pisand, Approbation ; choice;
praise d, approved ; selected ; grateful,
agreeable, excellent ; (in comp.) approving,
admiring, loving, as ahdll-pasaad, Ap-
proved by the learned, &c. ; — pasand ama-
dan, To please, to be accept able ; — pasand
kardan, To approve ; to choose.

pusanda/r, piaandar, A brother by
the father, not by the mother, or vice
versa.

pusandara, pisandara, A bastard.

y.x~~j pagandom. To approve, choose.

i;u -~i pasanda, Chosen, approved.

l _ 5 £i{.w.j pasandldagl, Approbation.

pasandidan, To approve, be con-
tent ; to please, to be agreeable.

saia^mj patandida, Approved, admired,
esteemed ; selected, chosen ; agreeable, ac-
ceptable ; praiseworthy, laudable; war-
ranted ; purified, holy ; — pasandida dmadan
{shudan), To be agreeable, to please ; —
pasandida'i kibdr, Agreeable to the great ;
— pasandida kardan, To render agreeable ;
to approve ; — a'mali -pasandida, Worthy ac-
tions.

o JW. &i>Aw pasandida-khisal, Of excel-
lent morals.

a pasandida-dm, Whose creed

is pleasing in the eyes of God.

* <j\j — > pasandida-rdy, Whose coun-
sels or opinions are accepted or approved of.

)) *- J i'^~-> pasandida-rau, Of good con-
duct.

s l ij l w_^ pasandida-kdr, Whose actions
meet with approval.

u~s* s^jaw pasandida-kish, Of approved
conduct.

sjuax^j pasandida-goy, Pleasant-
spoken.

pasangak, Hail.
u~i pas-nihad, &>>^ <j**> pas-nihdda,
A treasure, store, reserve ; a heritage.

tJ r~? pasuda, Struck; rubbed; reached;
bored.

)f~i. paswar, Carrying back ; — purnr, Im-
precation, curse.

y^jy-» pusurldan, To curse, execrate.

l^s>V*i pas-hdnitan (in Zand), To
Bcatter.

gs— > pasij, Prepared ; provision for a
journey.

^jat-s-J pasikhwdn, A catamite,
i^s~-> pasln, Posterior, last, newest, hind-
moat ; the afternoon, between mid-day and
sunset ; — jangi pasln, The last battle.
> pasiniydn. The moderns.
uH path, The mane of a horse ; a fore-
lock ; a tuft hanging loose at the end of a
turban, sash, or belt ; ignoble ; defective ;
like, resembling ; — pish (for pesh), Before;
— push, An owl.

l«Uo pashdm, Dark-coloured, opaque,
ylii pashdn, A passage ; a mace.
j^Uo pashdwar, A province of Persia.
i^ipish ba-nihdd, Favour, regard.
pusht (S. prishfa), The back; the
outside ; the blade of a sword ; a sup-
port, prop; a protector, patron; a pannel,
pack-saddle, knot, upon which porters in
the East carry their burdens ; generation,
descent ; a catamite ; name of a town in
Khurasan, and of a district in the vicinity
of Nishabiir; — pushti bam, The flat surface
of a roof or a terrace ; a partisan ; — puaht ba
pusht, Generation to generation ; — pusht bar
dwardan, To turn the back in flight; —
pusht bar j&n kardan, To give up life ; to
obtain life ; — pusht bar dinar mdndan, To
be bewildered, astonished, amazed ; — pusht
bar zamin dwardan, To throw flat on the
ground; — pusht bwr kuh budan (ddshtari),
pusht bar diwar dddan, To have complete
power over a thing ; — pushti pd kjidridan,
To rejoice, to be in high spirits or flourish-
ing circumstances ; — pushti pa zadan, To
take to one's heels ; to abandon ; — pushti
pay, The convex or upper part of the foot ;
— pushti parwin, (met.) The back of a
camel of burden; — pushti palang, Mottled,
dappled ; — pushti tegh (shamshlr), The back
of a sword-blade ; — pushti chashm tang
(ndzik) kardan, To look at with coquetry,
with feigned or real disdain, with pride ; —
pushti chaman, A grass-plot ; — pushti
chddir, The back of the tent (m.o.) ;—
pttsht kham kardan (dddan), pusht du-ta
kardan, To humiliate oneself, to show sub-
mission ; — pusht dad, He gave (or showed)
his back, he fled ; he backed or supported ; —
pushti dast bar zamln nihddan, A gesture of
respect ; — pushti dast bar-kandan (Jsha'idan,
gandan, ba-danddn gazidan), To bite the
back of the hand, (met.) to repent; — pushti
tannin, The surface of the earth, the ground ;
— pushti sar, Behind, after (m.c.) ; — pushti
sar uftddan, To run after (m.c.) ; — pushti
sari tease harf eadan, To call after one ; — ■
pushti sari Itase didan, To see one depart
(hoping to have seen the last of him) ; —
pushti shisha, The outside of a bottle ;—
pusht kardan, To turn the back ; — pushti
karndn bar lease mdan, To Bhoot an arrow
at one ; — pushti kaman kham kardan, To
bend or draw the bow ; — pusht garm budam,,
To find help and protection; — pusht garm
kardan^ To ride on horse-back ; — pushti lab
bar-ssadan, To curl the lips disdainfully ;
— pushti mahi, A fish's back ; night ; —
pushti mafflmal, The back of velvet ; —
pushti mulk, The power of a kingdom ; one
on whom the stability of the kingdom-
rests ; — pushti ndf. The surface of the
navel; — pusht narm kardan, To thrash ; to
render abject; — pusht namudan, To flee, to
run away ; to die •, — pusht u panaA, A pro-

( 252 )

tector and an asylum; — pusht yaftan, To
acquire power ; — az pushti siydh zln faro
hard, Night has come to an end and dawn
broken ; — az pushti kuh chddiri ihrdm bar
kashid, Snow has fallen and thrown a white
mantle over the ground ; — ba-pushti kamdn
giriftan, To shoot at ; — ba-pusht ham raflan,
To assist one another, to do anything re-
ciprocally.

U&» puskt-a-pushi, Back to back.
pushtdra,, A truss, pack, load.
jW\ o~£o pusht-anddz, A pederast, a
catamite.

ejW-s-H pusht-ban, A prop, a buttress ; the
bar of a door ; a helper, protector.

ui~£j pusht-bast, A large wrapper ; a
truss, load; a horse-cloth.

ts^ ts^tpusM-pdy, A catamite; infamous;
a term of reproach.

»U> pusht-pandh, An ally ; protec-

tion ; a place of refuge.

iA)j>, pusht-pozi, A crupper.

pusht-khwr, A back-scratcher (Fr.
gratte-dos) ; a curry-comb; — ba pusht-khdr
kharidan, To curry (a horse).

SAjjU. pusht-khdrida, Curried

(horse).

^s- is~&» pusht- kh.am, Hump-backed ; —
pusht kham shuda (girifta), Humble, stoop-
ing, having the back bent.

j\o ut~&j pusht-ddr, A prop j a bar; thick
clothing ; propped, backed, supported.

pushtaragh, pushturugh, (J^&fr push-
turuq, pushturugh, A poisonous thorn

fatal to camels.

(js~Aj pusht-resh, Sore- backed, galled.

««ua> pashtak, Dew, hoar-frost; curled
hair ; the dung of sheep or goats ; canine
teeth ; — pushtak (dimin. of pusht), Little
back, somersault ; a kick, a wince ; the
game of leap-frog; a disease incidental
to the hoofs of horses, asses, or mules ; a
waistcoat, doublet ; — pushtak zadan, To turn
a somersault backwards (m.c).

7*>*-4-j pashatkar, The canine teeth.

0; utU-ia pushtak-tan, Kicking, wincing;
turning a somersault.

jjS' puskt-kuz, Hump-backed.

(jjV&s-ij pushtag&ni, A pension, stipend.

<js*£ pusht-garmi, Warm support.

«* v U.*,fr pushtlang, Lagging behind ;
vicious, faulty ; unintelligible, unmeaning ;
vain, futile.

jU pusht-mdz, tj^ us~s-> pusht-mdza,
Loins, the back-bone ; flesh inside the back-
bone.

JUaAo pusht-mdl, An apron.

»y» sa~s.fr pusht maza, = 6jU us~4j q.v.
ut~A.fr pusht-muhra,, The vertebrae.

uik-s-io pushtank, A surcingle, girth.

y^-t pashtu, A glass bottle ; — pishto, A
pistol (m.c. prob. from E.) ; — pushto, The
language spoken by the Afghans.

j^^s-ii pushtwdr, »V)y^ pushtwdra, A bur-

den, load ; as much as a man cao carry on
his back.

CjV^ pushtwan (for pueht-bdn), A prop,
support for a tottering wall ; the bar of a
door ; a helper, protector.

pushta, A little hill, an embankment ;
declivity; a heap; the shoulder-blades; a,
load ; a faggot ; a buttress, prop ; a vault ;
a quay; — pushta'ibdgh, A meadow, a grass-
plot.

Aij iii, pushta-bamd, A bridge.

j^j&Aio pmhta-wtir, A back-load.

^•H pushti, Return ; a protector, sup-
port, safeguard, or prop; alliance, aid; a
kind of large cushion, pillow, or carpet,
upon which they sit; a waistcoat, a dou-
blet ; a catamite ; — pushti Jcardan, To back,
to help.

yW^sAj pushtibdn, The bar of a door ; a
prop ; whatever is leant upon, trusted to,
or adds to strength or security.

cr-H pushti-bandi, A rate levied for
embankments and bridges.

yU^xAfr pushtimdn, o^j**-*^ pushtiwan,
pushtlwan, A bar ; a prop, &c,
(= tAt-s-H q.v.).

AJV^c^fcfr pash-kkana, A hair tent to keep off
gnats, &e. ; a mosquito-curtain.

paeh-khwan, A beating, flatten-
ing ; a gift ; a table.

yjjatAj pashkhiidan, To express, com-
press, squeeze, strain.

jjssr&fr push'khwur, Empty conversation,
vain talk.

tjf^^push-khwura, Sweets, dessert.

t>^5t*J pish-khun, A table, a bench.

AaWo pashkha, A clothes-brush; a
bleacher's beetle.

Q-i^^jij piehkhldan, To shine, flash,
glitter ; to scatter.

)*aaAfr pushkhiz, A tree of which bows,
arrows, and javelins are made (see je<**ti).

juj yftj pish-did, Favour, regard, wish.

jjj&fr pish-rau, pish-rav, Going before ; an
overture in music.

<*U^ pashk, Evenness, equality; love;
suspending ; a beetle ; an owl ; a disease
in horses ; — pashk, pashak, Dew ; — pishk,
Lot ; the dung of sheep or deer ; — pushk,
Sheep or camel's dung ; a small wine-jar ;
name of a tree; — pushak, A cat.

h JXi.j pashkdl, The rainy season.

jXaj pishkir, pishhira, Sheep's

goat's, or deer's dung.

^jyCAfr posh (push) kardan, To fight ; to
contract, shrivel, wrinkle; to be trusted,
believed.

(_ r -Cit.fr pish-kash, A present.

J*Afr pishkil, The orbicular dung o£
sheep.

osJU JXaj pishkilnak, Pull of dung.

<s1£4j pishkila, A hooked stick with which
they open a lock, a key ; dung of sheep or
deer.

( 253 )

y^elS&j pishkalidan, To mark with the
nails, to scratch.

pisKkam, pashkam, A court, vesti-
bule.

t^H pishgan, Easy to cook.

J-H pishil, pashal, Two things twisted or
stuck together ; two things clashing, so as
to produce a sound.

tsXjLi^ pash-lang, Lagging behind; a
pick-axe ; name of the father of Af rasyab ;
— pushlang, A mountain-fortress ; defec-
tive ; vain, unmeaning ; vicious.

(•-H pashm, Wool; down; camels' or asses'
hair ; the pubes ; — pashm anddkhtan, To cast
his coat (a camel) ; — pashm imridan, To shear
sheep ; sheep-shearing ; — pashmi dawdt.
Cotton, wool, or any spongy substance
which is put into an ink-holder ; — pashm
dar kuldh na ddrad, He has no wool in his
cap, (met.) he has neither rank, knowledge,
nor spirit ; — pashm shudan, To be frittered
away, to fall to pieces ; to scatter pashm,
kashldan. To become contemptible; to de-
spise ; to parry, to ward off ; — pashme an
kvldh-ash ham, A loss or detriment not
worth speaking of ; — dar pashm kashidan,
To cover, to hide.

pashmdq, A horse.
pashm-dgand, Stuffed with wool
(as saddle-cloths) ; the stuffing of a saddle.

y**"** pashm-dlu, A kind of peach.
pishmdn, Penitent.

pashm-burida, Shorn (sheep).
J f^i pashm-din, ^ (^J pashm-din-
dqa, ^Ji pashm qtdi, Names given in
derision and scorn.

f**% pashm-firez, Shearings of wool.
pashmaJc, ^-wi t*i*Ai pashmak-
qandi (pashmaki qandi), Name of a sweet-
meat.

^ l*H pashmndk, Hairy, woolly.

A*^ pashma, A collyrium or medicament
for the eyes (Bee <U-4-i).

yXs*Aj pashmldan, To scatter, separate.
*l pashmin, Woolly, woollen ; — libdsi
pashmm, Woollen garments (particularly of
the coarser kind).

i l t*^i pashmina, Woollen ; a woollen
garment; a kind of sweetmeat; — khirqa'i
pashndna bar dosh, Having a coarse woollen
cloak upon the shoulders.

Aj*+Ai pashmlna-dosh, Clad in

wool.

y-*-> pashan. Name of the father of
Af rasyab ; a field of action celebrated for a
battle.

6*-^ pashanj, A furrow ; a sown field ; a
pimple, a freckle; scattered drops; —
pishinj, Outfit for a journey ; provisions for
the way.

lA**^ pashanjash, A sprinkling.

pishanja, A handful of grass with
which weavers and glazera starch cloth in
the loom.

pishanjidan, To sprinkle; to be

sprinkled.

pishanjida, Sprinkled.

tM~~> pnshnuda, A Persian dish made of
flour dressed with dates ; frost.

pashang, A kind of vessel with
which they carry earth away ; a mason's
chisel ; oppression ; anguish, affliction ;
exudation ; name of the father of Af ras-
yab, and of one of his sons, also called She-
dah, q.v. ; name of Minuchihr's father, son
of a brother of Faridun ; — pishing, Exuda-
tion ; — pushang, A vestige of antiquity ; a
spade, shovel, mattock

jj~> pushur, Jj-i.» pushul, Imprecation,
curse.

(ja.J j Aj pushulidan, To curse.

* J *V i i pisholida, Scattered ; entangled.

*-~> pashsha, A gnat ; — pashsha-rd tut' I
dar hawd bastan (to shoe a gnat in the air),
To be exceedingly skilful and dexterous ; —
pashsha'i zarin, A spark of fire ; — pashsha'i
za'fardn, A live coal, a firebrand ; — pashsha'i
hi gkam (?) hard, The gnat which killed
King Nimrod.

&JU. <wu pashsha- khdna, A hair tent to
keep off flies ; a mosquito-curtain ; the
gnat-tree, a tree with a very large smooth
stem and thick foliage.

^ pashsha- khwurd (khward), A sore
to which people in Balkhare liable, thought
to be caused by the sting of a gnat.

j\j dJH pashsha-ddr, The gnat-tree (so
called from the swarms of gnats which are
bred in its pods).

ylJiAi pashshaddn, A mosquito-curtain.

JVfc i£i pashsha-giidl, = <SJ H q.v.

ills to pashshandk, Swarming with
gnats.

t5-H pishl (for y~&>i q.v.), A small, thin,
copper coin.

&~-> v pashij, Circular (as a piece of money),
fish-scale, Ac.) ; abundant, ample ; many ;
apparatus lor a journey.

O'^^H pashijidan, To be armed ; to
prepare.

pashtch, Large, abundant.

£e-H pashikh, Even, equal ; provisions
for the way.

;*-*>?, pashir-khurmd, Caliculua of a
date (probably misreading for pishezi khur-
md, q.v. under the following).

ye** pishez, Anything small, round, and
flat ; a small piece of money ; a fish-scale ;
— pishezi kjiurmd, The spathe of a date.

cjUj yeA~> pishez- nishdn, A coiner of
money.

»>*-^» pisheza, The scale of a fish ; a small,
thin piece of money ; the skirt of a tent ; a
thin layer of metal between the handle and
blade of a knife ; fierce (=*);*■ applied to
an elephant) ; — pisheza'i khurmd, The cali-
culus of a date, resembling a navel, where
it adheres to the stalk.

( 254 )

tys&i pUhexa-niehdn, = )*■*•{ q.v.

pashim, Penitent ; dispersion, sepa-
ration ; — pashim shudan. To be penitent,
sorry ; to be separated, scattered ; to be
ignorant.

<y W*-> paehlmdn, Penitent ; sorry ;
ashamed, abashed, disgraced; penitence,
regret; — pashimdn shudan, To be penitent,
regretful, sorry.

ylSw. yU^ij pashimdn-ghudagdn, Peni-
tents.

<^ t *~tr i ipashTmani, Repentance ; regret ; —
pashlmata kkwurdan (kashidan), To repent.

thy*-* pashen, Name of the third (accord-
ing to some the first) boh of Kaiqubad.

;H patar (abbrev. of fa ^> patar -bur g^),
St. Petersburg (ui.c).
jUj pugfadr, Pride, arrogance, conceit.
jU» pag]j,ds, A wedge.

pagkna, A step, a stair.
<-^i puf, A puff, a blast ; breathing, re-
spiration ;—pufi poz, A trifle ;—puft kasa-
gare (the puff of a glass-Mower), A moment,
an instant ; — chardgh.-rd puf kardan, To puff
out the candle.

i fH paftarw, A decoy-bird (see ,
which is the more correct form),
pafara, A weaver's tool.
puftdan, To puff, to blow out.
J>afyuz, Sour, crabbed, austere,

proud.

^aia. ,j> puq khandidan, To burst out
laughing (m.c).

«"» pak, The round of a ladder ; igno-
rant, silly, conceited, vain; — pik, A joint of
the finger or toe ; — puk, Uneven, promi-
nent ; thick, coarse - ignorant, silly, con-
ceited; hollow; one side of the ankle-
bone ; a sledge-hammer ; a leap, bound ;
= q.v.

paJcd, Name of a tree.

6;>*i pakdwaj, Name of a celebrated
Indian musician.

JW£$ pakmdl, An iron
which they draw lines
leather.

pakand, (in Khwarazm) Bread.
4ji» pakna, Fat and short.

pakuk, A smith's hammer; a bal-
cony ; a projecting gallery of wood.

Ji^i pakul, Balcony ; main beam of a
roof.

) P a k w Ignorance, unskilful-
ness ; inquiry, search ; household furniture;
useless, unprofitable ;—puk u luk, Rough,
uneven ; thick.

h JV^ pdkMl (S. payah-khalla), A large
water-bag, generally carried on bullocks.

pag, A female who has round breasts ;
a boy's ball or marble; millet.

i*» pagdh, Dawn ; — pagdh-tar, Early
dawn.

isj£i pagam ( n Zand), A philosopher.
ii^pagak, The dawn.

(in Zand

instrument with
or figures

on

pagin (in Zand and Piizand),

Millet.

Ji pal, A field with a raised border ; —
convalescence ; — pil, The heel ; the foot
(also the head) of a door, revolving in a
socket, in the way of a, turnstile ; a bit of
wood, answering to a brace or button, for
uniting the different parts of a tent ; the
piece of wood which is struck in the game
of tip-cat or hockey ; a humming-top ; — pul,
Abridge, anarch ; an embankment ; a small
coin ; — puli dbguni dtish-bdr, The celestial
vault; — puli an-tarafi ah (a bridge on the
other side of the water), (met.) Anything
absurd or unprofitable ; — puli fcdJaii, Name
of an embankment near Herat ; — pul bastan
(zadan, sdkMan, kardan), To build a bridge;
— pul chikunam, Name of a bridge near
Shiraz; ; — puli hakim, Name of a bridge at
Shiraz ;—pul shikastan, To fail, to break
down ; to drown ; to become weak or power,
less; — pulisirdt,, The bridge over the eternal
fire, across which the Muhammadans ima-
gine they shall pass into Paradise -—pul
kandan. To break one's power, to render
destitute ; — puli haft fag, The seven heavens.
)f>\ paldjur, Mastic.
(«*i> palakha/m, Name of a plant.

paldd, A led horse ; — puldd, Steel.
>*)j^ palarak, A scimitar (of Damascus), a
sword of the finest Indian steel ; lustre (of
a sword).
)))\ paldzur, paldxhur, Mastic.
y-Su palds, Coarse woollen cloth worn by
derviBhes; a woollen carpet; sackcloth;
fraud, deceit ; a cheat, an impostor ; — palds
afgandan (<vnddkhtan), To apostatize, to
become reprobate ; to disperse, to scatter ;
— palds guftan, To cheat.

U^H u*h palds-posh, Clad in dervish
attire.

paldsak, Evil, misfortune.

js^> paldtir, A window.

paldlak, A sword of excellent steel.

q\ pildn, A pack-saddle.

ii3*> palana, A bad or indecent action.

<J&> paldni, A sluggish beast.

^ paldv, pilav, A dish composed oE flesh
or fish highly seasoned, first roasted and
afterwards fricasseed or stewed, covered
and heaped over with rice newly boiled,
seasoned, and sometimes coloured, and gar-
nished with eggs, onions ; affluence, ease,
good things ; — palawi tarda (palav-iarda ?),
Bice cooked with honey ; a funereal meal.

<£luA^> paldhank, A rein, bridal, baiter.
^pul-bandl, Construction of bridges
and embankments ; the tax imposed for
such works; sodomy.

^y^ipilpil, Pepper ; — pilpili Ichdm, White
pepper; — pilpili mushk, A kind of black
berry of a musky odour ; — pilpil-muya, Root
of the long pepper-tree.

0 ^ pulchi, Glass beads, small shells

( 255 )

with 'wbich donkeys are adorned (see

>_5^i pulchi farosh, A vendor of
small shells or glass beads.
& palakji, The throat.

palaJehm, y^**J» palakJimdn, A sling ;
name of a plant.

pUist, A span ; — ptdust, Impure ;
carrion ; contemptible, worthless.
pilistuh, A swallow.
palasgi, A crimson dye.
**~sd> palasht, Impure; carrion; con-
tetuptible, worthless.

palagfada, An egg; rotten, piiti id,
addled.

palafta, Particles of burnt provender
scattered in the air.

palk, pilk, pulk, An eye-lid ; — pulk,
The kidneys (unsupported by examples) ; —
palak, An eye-iid ; pendulous, hanging
loose ;~palaki chashm, The eye-lid ; — palaki
chashm jumbanidan, To twinkle the eye ; —
palaki darya, Clouds.

H flipalhar, Revenue from orchards.
palkan, A war engine (see y&?) ; —
pulukan, and —

&&>puluka, Reproach ; ambiguous.

fit palm, Earth, soil, dust.

5 >y^» palmar da, Withered, &c. (=
q.v.).

palmae, i — «Aj palmasa, Perturba-
tion j a losing of the use of hands and
feet; a lie; calumny, unjust imputation.

a 1 **!*!* palmalldan, To murmur.

palma, Lie, calumny ; suspicion ; a
board on which children learn to read ; a
loss of the use of hands and feet.

y>-"l> palandm, pilandm, The jambs or
posts of a door; the lintel.

>^*1j palank, «sCJj palang, A leopard, a
panther,- a giraffe; anything of a motley
colour; a bedstead ; the entire breadth of a
doorway; [palangani gaman afgtin, Heroes,
valiant men;] — piling. The empty space of
a door.

y£tf palang-afgan, An overthrower
of pan there, a hero.

nfjl> palang-posh, A coverlet.
pilangar, palangar, Name of a king
slain by Alexander.

palang-rang, <*CJ> palang-
gun, (A horse) spotted like a leopard, leo-
pard-coloured.

ml*.* «ed> palang-mishk, A herb grow-
ing at Baghded, musky, and spotted like a
leopard; a fragrant shrub (= «JU-» Arf
q.v.).

<aCsl> palang-mush, A fragrant plant.

ulJia <tfji> palang-hi'at, Like a leopard in
aspect (a horse).

^J^i palangi, Furious like a panther or
leopard ; panther- or leopard-like fury ; —
palangi kardan, To growl like a leopard or
panther.

y~&J> palangin, Of or like a leopard.

i-^-S^ii palangina, Like or belonging to a
leopard ; made of tiger-skin ; a kind of
royal vest.

'jlj*?, palwazha, Glass ; a glass vessel.
palwds, Deception, flattery.

fc>V*S palwtln, A hero ; — pul-wan (bridge-
like), A raised path round a field ; a truss
of straw,

palut, A small or mean turban.

<j*jk palos, Flattery.

tyi pitlugh, The act of milking.

"^jk palok, A smith's hammer ; an upper
chamber; a balcony; — puloM, Camel's
dung.

ciSjrb palug, A beam ; a projecting roof.
JjH paiwal, Name of an Indian pulse.
yji» pulwan (bridge-like), A raised path
or balk round a field.

«>Wjl> palwanda, A truss, bale, bundle.
<si* pala, A scale ; a small capital ; the
hair on the temples ; a humming-top ;
biestings ; a certain tree ; the round or
step of a ladder; — pila, Silk; the silk-
worm's cocoon ; a willow; a tip -cat,

&i> pallet, The round or step of a ladder,
stairs, flight of steps, staircase (m.c.) ;
[palla khwurdan. To have steps (leading
to the top or bottom of a place, m.c.) ;] —
pilla, The bason of a balance, a scale ; the
round of a ladder.

■*r>y$ *H pila-chob, The game of tip-cat,
j\j <sjj palla-ddr, Provided with steps
(m.c.) ;—pilla-ddr, Carrying far (a gun).
iii pilla-kask, Partial; an adherent.
^jAS ill pilla-kashi, Partiality.
*sSU^l* palahang, A bridle, halter, rope.
a^Ij pallia. The wick of a candle or
lamp ; a tent, a roll of lint to be put into a
wound, a suppository.

Jut» palid, Impure, defiled, polluted, con-
taminated, unwashed ; foul ; — palid shudan.
To bo impure ; — palid kardan (sukhian), To
defile.

f »A ? . iJu palid-chashm, Malignant eye.
yVj >Mi palld-ssaban, Foul-tongued, scur-
rilous.

xA> palld-kdr, Flagitious ; defiled.

yj^L palidan, To search, investigate, Ac.
(= q.v.).

cslUjkJ* palidndk, Dirty, nasty, filthy.

^iJj palldi, Uncleanness, foulness ; ex-
crement, dung, ordure ; — palldi andahhian,
To mute.

pulis-bdshl, Head policeman,
Commissary of Police (m.c).

y.v&*li pallshudan, To be nasty; to
abhor.

^AiJb palyandi, A fine kind of melon.
<j« "pan, But, but then, now ; yet, how-
ever.

jU> pan dd, The air, the atmosphere.

£Uj pinagh, panagJt, A ball of raw thread

( 256 )

or yarn ; a thread of silk ; a writer, a secre-
tary.

t^siUi pandfian, To be obstructed (as a
water-course, or the lacteal veins).

8lJ Uj -pana-gdh, An asylum, a refuge.

jtS U> pand-gir, A market, a fair.

i*W panam, Certain acts performed to
avert tbe influence of the evil eye ; au
amulet or charm ; hidden, covered, con-
cealed ; a kerchief with which the followers
of Zardusht cover their faces in prayer
(see r U f&t).

(jjj^U^ pandmidan, To prohibit, avert.

*tl»U> pandnak, A kind of gum.

jjU> pandwar, A furuncle, felon (see

pandwa, TruBt (in God), resignation.

t^'pandh, An asylum, refuge, protection ;
shade, shelter ; imp. of pandhidan ; — pandh
dwardan (burdan, giriftan), To take refuge or
shelter;— pandki khudd, The protection of
God ; God save you ! — afzdl-pandh, A retreat
for learned men ; -daulat-pandh, sa'ddat-
panah, The asylum of felicity, happy,
august, glorious ; — shafaqat-pandh, Most
merciful, clement, compassionate; — 'dlam-
panuh, The asylum of the world, where all
the world resorts ; — Hsmat-pandh, Most
chaste ; — fatwd-pandh, Most excellent in
the decision of law- controversies ; — hard-
maUpandh, Miraculous.

si-H pandh-jdy, A place of refuge.

iV£a,U> pandh-gdh, An asylum, sanctuary ;
— pandkgdki kaehikchi, Sentry-box (m.c).

is-uaU: < t pandhanda, Seeking refuge ; a pro-
tector.

0.uaU> pandhidan, To fly, take refuge ; to
consult safety, take care of oneself; to
be defeated.

*^4>U> pandklda, A refugee ; protecting.
pambiin, Going, walking.
pamba (by some pumba), Cotton ; —
pamba ax gosh bar-dwardan, To take the
cotton from the ear; to be attentive; —
pamba dar gosh afgandan (kardan, nihddan).
To put cotton in the ear ; to be inattentive
to what is said ; — pamba zadan, To dress or
card cotton ; — pamba shudan, To be soft
aB cotton ; to be pure and white ; to dis-
perse ; to run away ; — pamba kardan, To
run away ; to be scattered ; to deny ; to
silence ; to be impotent ; to repel, rout ; to
obliterate ; — pamba nihddan, To deceive ;
to satisfy, put to rest ; to send, to despatch
to a place.

tjjf\ i-ju paniba-dganda-gosh, Un-
hearing, not listening ; deaf.

d-fij pamba-baz, Cotton-carder.
4^ pamba-pdy, A sort of shoe.
ju\ &+t> pamba-ddr, Having cotton ; made
of cotton.

&+u v pamba-ddna, Cotton-seed.

i^ii pamba-dar-gosh, Not listen-
ing, deaf ; negligent, unheedy.

pamba-dox, A carder of cotton.
yUni d^y pamba-dahdn, "Who speaks
little, taciturn.

"Vh pamba-risi, Spinning of cotton

(m.c).

}') ^^pamba-mr, A cotton-field,
fj pamba-zan, A dresser of cotton.
| t* pamba-qaba, Clad in a cotton
tunic.

pamba~kan, Flue of cotton or silk ;
—parnba hun^ Obliterate ; deny ; keep silence ;
flee (imp. of pamba kardan, q.v. under
*♦**)•

i) 4 <-H pamba-waz, = q.v.

a pantdjUyun (iroTa</>i>AAov),

Cmquefoil.

^J^H pantuma, Mistletoe (see A"j*4).
panj, Five; fifth; in fives; the five
senses ; — pinj, A pinch ; a button.

s-»Wh panjdb (the five waters or rivers,
viz. Sutlej, Eavi, Chinab, Jilam, and
Attock or Indus) Name of a country north-
west of Hindustan.

ytf^ jjlj panj arkan, The five pillars (of
Muhammadanism : Unitarianism, Prayer,
Fasting, Pilgrimage, and Alms-giving).

J^H panjdl, JVh panjdli murgh, A
bird's beak ; bird's dung ; a bird's nest.

ms-i&>\ f~$panj angusht, Cinquefoil; the
herb alkali ; name of a place in the pro-
vince of Tabriz,

panj augusht, The wood of a

Baddle.

il^ii panjah, Fifty.

iSJU sla^u panjdh-adla, Fifty years old.

j**Wh panjdhvM) The fiftieth.

^^^i panj aha, The Christian Lent.

AS^i^j panjdydna, Henbane.

a uwf jrri panj dyat, The five chapters of
the Kur'an which are read during the
mourning of a Musulman.

panjdya, Prayers said in Lent.

panj bichdra, The five wan-
derers, viz. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus,
and Mercury.

k STi panj-pd, panj-pdyak, ^J^*-^

panj-pdya, A crab ; the sign Cancer.

fa~+>* panj-pahlu, Quiiiquelateral.

t\i ^ panj-ldh, (A rope) of five threads.

jVjy gjj panj-tirydq, A syrup of treacle.

utlb ^ji gju. panj tani pale, Five holy ones,
i.e. Muhammad, Fatimab, Ali, Hasan, and
Husain.

t-^lU g-u panj tausani saldmat, The
five internal senses.
a^j». gjj panj-choba, A kind of tent.

gi> panj du'a, The five daily prayers,
pu panj-dih, ^ panj-dlh, Five
villages in close proximity to each other
near Marv.

panjar, A window, balcony, wooden
lattice before a window ; a cage, coop ;
watch (on board ship).

jy^o panj-roz, Five days ; human life.

( 257 )

,*;*H panjara (S. panjara), A cage; a
window; a lattice (m.c.) ; one who keeps a
look out from a ship's mast; [panjara'i
lajaward, The firmament ;] — pinjara, 2Jaiue
of a country.

ly+u panjara-dar, Latticed.
J^* P an J S( ^> Five years ; — panj-sdl,
Five years old.
tj&l- ^ panj-sdlagi, A lustre ; five years.
panj-sdla, Of five years; quin-
quennial.

iJ-^> panjish, Exercise ; affliction, cala-
mity (unsupported by examples) ; — pinjash,
A ball of carded cotton.

C^" gH P an j »hdkhi dirakkt, fcU g-^
pan} shdkhi dasl, Five fingers ; cinque-
foil.

<M-U gij panj-skatha, Five-pronged.

tfipanj shu'ba, The five senses,
a i L . Uv^ .:j panj-shairibih. Thursday.
(jA—i^ij panjshidan, To press, squeeze, or
tickle with the fingers ; to disperse.

a. j-H panj-'aib, >^~fC jJa»cA-
l aibi-shar%, Very vicious (guilty of tire
vices; namely, robbery, adultery, gaming,
drunkenness, aud falsehood).

utl^i) panjak, A sort of ivy ; — punjah, A
ball of carded cotton.

panjagan, Fives
A>\£^i» panjgdna, Five.

The five senses ; the

five daily prayers of the Muhammadans ;
the five poems {kkamm) of Nizami.
&t>£ gij panj-gosha, Pentangular.
p+upanjum, t^***^ panjumln, A fifth;
—panjum riwdq, The fifth heaven ; the
orbit of the planet Mars.

panjmar, je*-*^ panjmir, A province
in Turan.

is-*£3Uj*ij panj-angusM, Five fingers ;
cinquefoil, and several other similar plants,
with their Beeds ; a fork with five prongs ;
a place near Tabriz.

a «wy jjH panj naubat, The five daily
prayers of a Muhammadan ; the five times
a day that music is played before the
bouse of a great man ; the five instruments
of war, duhul, dam&na, tabl, daf, and sanj ;
— partj naubat mdan (nawdkktan), To re-
joice ; to play the great man.

j» J i^t> i patij-nosh, An electuary made up
of five ingredients.

*S)) SH panj-waraq, Cinquefoil.

jl^o. ^ isJsa j ytA } panj u shush wa
haft u chahdr, The five (senses), the six
(sides of the world), seven (planets), and
four (elements).

u~t£jq*i> panj-augusfit, = ^s~i-ty q.v.

■s*^. panja, The palm of the hand with
the five fingers, or the sole of the foot with
tbe live toes ; the fist ; the hand with the
fingers expanded ; the extended talons of a
bird, the claws ; a prong ; a sort of link or
torch resembling five fingers ; a hand made

of ivory to scratch the back (see k»~A$) ; a
handle, a hilt ; gripe ; loose stones placed on
the parapet of a fort ; a stone hurled out of
a baJista, or for sinking an enemy's ship;
ivy ; a kind of dance, in which they take
hold of each other's hands ; [panja'i aftdb
(khwurshed), The rays of the sun ;— panja
afshurdan {burdan, pechidan, tabidan, taf-
ian), To get the better of in a hand-to-
hand fight \— panja, afgandan {anddkhtan,
zadan, giriftan) ba-kaBe, To use violence
against ;— panja ba-kJiuni hate tar kardan,
To kill, to slay -—panja bar ruy zadan (kaehi-
dan), To defame, to blacken one's character ;
— panja'i bunafaha, A bunch of violets ; —
panja'i blchdra, The five wanderers, i.e.
Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury ;
— panja tdk, The leaf of the vine-tree; —
— panja tez kardan, To prepare for war j
to seek a quarrel, to brawl ;— panja'i chandr,
The leaf of the plane-tree ; — panja'i khun
bar dari lease zadan, To proclaim an inroad
against -—panja dar panja lease afgandan.
(dwardan, ddshtan, ra/tan, kardan), To work
together with ;— panja'i duzdlda, Five inter-
calary days added to the Persian year ; —
panja'i dillrdna, Wat-— panja'i kabk dari,
Nanie of a note in music ; — panja kardan,
To grasp ; to box, slap ; — panja'i gurba, Cat's
claw (a plant) ; — panja'i gul, A bunch of
roses ; — panja'i marjdn, A coral-branch ; —
panja'i maryam, Sow-bread ;] — pinja, Ivy ; —
panjah (for panjdh), Fifty ; a fish; a net;
a fish-hook ; a grappling-iron.
<i%H panja-ddr. Pronged,
©j panja-zan, Striking the nails into ;
clutching with the claws.

lt^ 4 * J i panja-kash, An iron instrument
resembling a hand with which wrestlers
exercise themselves, by locking their fingers
within those of the instrument ; a kind of
bread bearing the marks of five fingers.
yt? i< *H panja-gir, A wrestler, pugilist.
Jjjj) i j-)^ ^ panj ydbanda biruni, The
five external senses.

^j))-} panj ydbanda daruni, The

five internal senses.
<w\*^» panjiydna, Hog's bean.
panjidan, The fifth.
panjer, panjira, A cage j win-

dow.

uiii panj yak, One of five, a fifth.
<j*tr>i panjln (for panjumln), The fifth
part.

a^js^i* panj yoda, Five, five units.

«><L^-a panchdyat, Arbitration by five.

niA^i punchu8hk, A sparrow (see»*lfc%*f).
puneha. The front, forehead ; the
forelocks, ringlets hanging down the fore-
head ;— puncha bar kaee eadan, To disgrace,
distress, ruin.

.14 4j^u puncha-band, A front band,
wreath, fillet, worn by women ; a curled or
braided lock.

( 258 )

±*i pand, Counsel, advice; admonition,
exhortation ; doctrine, moral ; rite, cere-
mony ; a kite ; [pandi pidar, Paternal ad-
monition; — pand dddan, pand guftan, To
give advice ;— pandi dil-pasand, Cordial ex-
hortation, good counsel ;] —pind, The seat ;
posteriors; — pund, Cotton prepared for
spinning.

pand-dr, One who takes advice ; —
pinddr, Thought, imagination, fancy, opi-
nion ; pride, conceit, a high opinion of one-
self; (imp. of pindaridan and pinddshtan
in comp.) pondering, thinking, weighing ;
revolving.

yijj^Uij pindaranidan, To cause to
understand, suppose, imagine, or consider.

yty&t* pinddragdn, Ideas, fancies (pi. of
the following).

tj&ti pinddra, Thought, fancy; conceit.

cSj^H pinddri, You understand or con-
sider ; one would think, one would believe
(m.c.) ; conceit.

(j-^^H pindaridan, (^-fc^A^ pinddshtan
(imp. pinddr), To think, imagine, consider,
understand, presume ; to be proud.

^aM-u* pinddshti, Opinion.

h }\±npinddlu, The fruit of Trewianudi-
flora (Linn ) ; according to others Cocculus
cordifolia.

jMf, pandar, pundar, Name of a fort near
Shiraz.

fy^H pindara, A blockhead ; a suppositi-
tious child.

pundash, ud*^ pundak, A ball of
carded cotton.

pand-goy, Who gives good advice.
•tiM-t pandand (in Zand and Pazand) , A
son.

} m> panda, pindu, A tike ; — pindil, The
sound of running water.

\ } ±i> pandwd. The herb rocket.

iyjuu pandura, Cresses ; a half-brother ; —
pindura, The sound of running water.

sju< pinda, A drop, spot, point ; baldness
near the temples ; — punda, A tike ; a swell-
ing on an animal's body.

yjci Aii pandidwn, To give or take counsel.

iju panza, A kind of dance with joined
hands.

g yjliU^ pantdfiUn, Cinquefoil.

utUj pink,panak, A span ; — panik (in Zand
and Pazand) , A kind of wild black plum ;
— pink, A pinch.

JSm pinkdr, Pride, ostentation ; haughty,
proud, self-complacent.

QjJZt* pinkldan, To mutter, to talk to one-
self.

*3&u pang, A bunch of dates ; a rod,
stick, baton, piece of wood ; a window ;
dawn, daybreak, morning ; — ping, A ten-
thousandth part of a night and a day; a
copper bason with a small hole in the
bottom, for water in which it is placed to

flow through, used for measuring time ; a
clepsydra.

s j*H pangdra, A platter, dish, bowl,
cup.

0xtt\Sj4 pingdshtan, To depict.
J^H pingdl, A cup, glass ; an hour-
glass.

<y^H pingdn, A bowl, a cup ; a clepsydra.

pingdncha, A small cup.
8&H pungdh, A hill.

8 ^H pangara, A large kettle; a small
dish, pan, plate, or cup ; a winnowing-fan
made of straw.

•w-u panand, An unknown number.

*s£aa> panang, pinang, A window.

4a> panah, A dunghill.

panhdla, Confection of almonds.

ftJ^*H panhdn, pinhdn, Concealed, bid ;
clandestine, secret; — pinhdn budan (shu-
dan), To be concealed, to abscond ; — pinhdn
ddshtan (kardan), To conceal, suppress.

pinhdn-piehuk, Who investigates
that which is hidden.

(j*^ pinkdn-didagi, A sly, stolen

glance.

cjWh pinhdnshikanj, A thing whose
folds, i.e. intricacies, are hidden.

y^HfH pinkdn-guddse. An epithet ap-
plied by Nizami to the File, because the
mountain snows whose melting bring about
its increase, are concealed.

j&Wh pinhdngar, A place expected to
contain something.
ij^H pinhdni, Concealment.
<j A * , Mr^ pinhdnidan, To abscond, lie hid.
p,H panir, Cheese ; —paniri tar, Whey ; —
paniri kjiurmd, Pith of a palm-tree.

panir- db, Whey from new cheese.
dbjgii panir ok, Sun- flower ; nenuphar;
chameleon.

yf.x> panir-kisa, A cheese suspended
in a cloth that the serum may run out.
4jU jf.ii panir-mdya, Rennet.

panira, A sun-flower; the chame-
leon.

<3y*H paniri, Made of cheese; cheesy.
yei> paniz, Ever; never ; quick, speedy.
j^a> panixa, panisa, Fumitory (a

herb).

panxlu, A market-place.
panin, Ever ; never ; quick, speedy.
Jfcy^o panin-shuld, A peninsula (m.c.
from E.).

jstfa^panyuih, Pulsation ; labour.
ttJ^H pwnyun, Going away, walking,
£ pu, Inquiry, search ; a moderate pace,
a trot ; a running about ; [tak v, pu kardan,
To inquire diligently, to run about in
search of;] — po, the river Po (m.c).
gjjg puwdch, Wicked, base, low, vile.

pawdzi, Heat, paiu.
u '£ paw ana, A pass leading into Persia.
pob, Tapestry, carpeting, or any-
thing spread in a house by way of orna-

cock j

ment ; a father ; the comb of a
a bird's crest.

V/v pop, yio^j popash, The hoopoo or
pewit.

<d*-Hfi pupishman (in Zand and Pazand),
A helmet.
'"kft popak, A hoopoo ; a virgin.
Jtj» pupal, Betel-nut.
fifi pupil, A hoopoo ; also its cry.
Hji pupa, A hoopoo.

uu ft pat, Sheep's liver; victuals; a kind
of melon ; a tun (tn.c).

^ftpotd, The scrotum ; the testicles.

v^ji potdb, A butt for shootiDg at.

f>)^ft potsdSm, Potsdam (m.c.).
putank, Pulecium, pennyroyal.
puta, A treasury ; a crucible ; — pota,
The scrotum ; the testicles.

Jiftputi, (A fry) of sheep's liver.

Cji puj, sj» puch, Injudicious, ignorant,
absurd ; irregular, inconsistent, immode-
rate, inordinate ; round, convex, bunching
out, hilly ; low, vile, base ; futile, trifling,
of little value (m.c.) ; plain, smooth ;
empty, vacant ; a prater, babbler, blabber.
Sji paj-bini, Large or hook-nosed.

jS 8j» puch-go (gu). Talking nonsense.

)*» bj> puck-magfe, A blockhead, a> sim-
pleton.

uult^jj piichiyat, Foolish prattle,
tfipuih, Gumtniness about the eyes.

pokhtan, To cook.
Jj> pud. Meat or food (for man and
beast) ; bait (for fish) ; tinder, touch-wood ;
the woof or weft, i.e. the cross-threads in
contradistinction to the warp or threads
stretched lengthwise, and which are called
tar) ; cloths (particularly linens) woven in
streaks or stripes of different colours ;
old ; wrought in two colours ; — pud it, iar
(tan, tana) kdmdan (az ham gueasMari), To
break up the woof and warp, to destroy
entirely.

pvd&t. Perceived, felt (pi. piidatat).
Jiif o ft piid-band, A fillet for the mouth ;
a thing forgotten.
ii^ft piidina, Mint.

ijft puda, Rubbed, worn ; fallen to
pieces ; empty ; old ; weak ; rotten, addle ;
meat (for men), food (for cattle), bait (for
fish) j tinder, touchwood ; the woof or
weft.

iujjj piidina, Mint, spearmint.

<J>iftpodsh, Excuse, apology.

)ft pur, A son ; a horse ; one who shams
ignorance ; steel ; a woodcock ; Porus, king
of Kanoja; — puri atbin, Paridun, king of
Persia; — pari asar, The patriarch Abra-
ham ;—puri dastdn, Rustam ; — puri sabuk-
tigln, Sultan Mahmud ; — puri taqqd, Name
of a saint; — puri eina, Avicenna; — puri
shasb, The father of Zardusht ; — puri sadaf
(oyster's son), A pearl ;— puri 'azrd (son of
the virgin), Wine ; — puri 'imrdn, Aaron

( 259 ) ^

and MoseB ; — pur-'anqd, The father of
Rustam ; — pari qubdd. Nushiravan, king of
Persia ; — puri muljam, Name of the mur-
derer of 'AH ;—purihajar, Ishmael, Hagar's
son.

t>\j}» puran, Kanoja; a successor; sons;
a keepsake.

^■y* ohfi purdn-turuth, Name of a cele-
brated magician.

<P))i pwrdn-dwkht, Name of the
daughter of Klusraw Parvez.

?rf,purkar. Name of a daughter of the
king of Kanoja, married by Bah ram Gor.

pordgdn, ofa^ft pordydn, Five
intercalary days added to the end of the

Persian

year.

ayftpurfdn, Saucy beggars.

purkand, A balcony ; a mansion.
porm and, A kind of fragrant herb ;
— pilrmand, Having a numerous offspring.
*yi pura, A son ; trunk of a tree.
h ft pura (S. purna), Full, complete.

punyan, The citizens of Kanoja.
jrt P 0 *) The lip, month, and environs ;
the beak of a bird, the snout of a quadru-
ped ; the space between the nose and lip ;
the trunk of a tree.

3rt pot-band, A muzzle.
<J>)fi pozish, An excuse, apology ; — pozith
Icardan (nvmudan), To excuse, make an
apology.

ji-H \J , iftpwtith-pazvr, Accepting excuses.
pozkand, A balcony ; a mansion (see

■"*»*)■

J**» )ft poz-mdl, A farrier's twitch.

ej_j* pozan, Land prepared for sowing.

S*j# pozinj, = J>)ft q.v.

t)ft poza, The parts round the mouth ;
the trunk of a tree.

ijjjt puzi, Part of the houBingB of a
horse ; the face.

(i^jji pozidan, To make excuse, apolo-
gise.

puzlna, An ape, a monkey.

*sS>jj> puzha/ag, A piece, portion, patch.

s jj£ puzha, Thigh ; trunk of a tree next
to the root.

4jjjj{ pozhlna, An ape, a monkey ; a talent
of forty ounces of gold.

u*ft put, Cajolery, servile civility.

a^ftpusdna, Fraudulently; cajolery.

^jkeA-jj putanidan, To putrefy (v.a.).
ft post, Skin ; a raw hide, undressed
skin ; rind, outward coat ; crust ; bark of a
tree ; a shell ; poppy- head ; slander, de-
traction-; — poet baz Icardan (dddan), To
draw back the skin ; to reveal the secrets
of the heart ; — pott bar duhul bastan, To
make merry; — post bar kardan, To peel
(fruit) ; — potli baiza, An egg-shell ; — potti
jauz, A nut- s hell ; — potti ihdya, The scro-
tum ; — posti tag bar ru kashtdan, To draw a
dog's skin over the face ; to be indecent; —
pott Icardan, To be intimate ; to slander ; to

( 260 )

deceive ; — post handan, To flay ; — posti mar,
A snake's slough ; — posti mis, Blue vitriol ;
— ba-posti (dar posti) lease uftddan, To
traduce,

(j^ 1 ** _}V t**~ j> post-bdz-raftagi, Excoria-
tion.

>)i post-bdz-rafta, Excoriated.
post-bdz-karda, Skinned.
bV'-ifc post-para, The standard of Kav.

•ji post-posh, A denuded beggar,
'jf post-perd, A currier, leather-

~# post-perdy, A tanner ; a cur-

fur
da-

dresser,
rier.

t^**> "^ji post-raftagl, Excoriation.

ajJj ^~»^» post-rafta, Excoriated.

j_yi^ post-hani, A flogging, the

punishment of the lash.

J^x-^> postgdl, <®S post-gala, The

smooth skin under the tail of a sheep.

iS^yl posti, One who intoxicates himself
with au infusion of poppy-heads ; lazy, in-
dolent.

O^-ji, postiydn, A kind of leather.
Ve***^t postird, ^j*a-j> postirdy, =
V* q.v.

postin, Leathern ; leather ; a
garment ; slander, detraction ; — postin
ridan, To blab out a secret ; — postin Jcardan
(kandan, giriftan), dar postin uftddan (raf-
tan). To speak ill of ; to tell the faults.

sjlS) postin -ba-gdmr^ A detractor,

calumniator, slanderer.

))•> ifcz-fl postin-doz, A furrier.

posida (for i±*~j> q- T -)> Botten,
putrefied.

pom, The thread which in spinning
is coiled round the spindle.

fc>"*»~jJ posidan, To rot, corrupt, spoil,
wither ; to become putrid.

uJju-,^ posidagi, Putrefaction.

sxs-y> posida, Rotten, rancid, putrefied.

v.ft- 4 >**-rt posida-chiib (-chob), Rotten
wood ; wood which ignites and burns as a
candle.

ij>}> posh, A covering, mantle, garment ;
a coat of mail ; a cover, veil, lid ; (in comp.)
clothing, dressing, covering, as pa-posh
(covering the feet), Shoes, slippers, Ac. ;
(for puj, q.v.) a trifle, a farthing's worth
(m.c.) ;— push, &\so pushi darbandl, A medi-
cament for the eyes.

Uj* poshd, Covering, concealing; a gar-
ment.

«iJlAj» poshdlc, Clothes, raiment, attire.
<_5*Wt pothdkl, Fit for making garments,
(jj^iliji pushdndan, To quash an affair
(m.c).

yV^ji poshdnldan, To clothe another.

^-j^poshishy A covering, garment, dress;
a coverlet, sheet, blanket; — poshiski tan, A
covering for the body, a habit, coat ; —
poshishi rah-guzar, A covered way between
two houses ; a corridor ; — tamini bi-poshish

(ground without covering), A desert; un-
cultivated lands.

's'aji poshak, (in Tiiran) A cat, puss.

poshgdn, A point in the divine life
attainable only by the very spiritually
minded; name of a place near Nishapur ;--
poshagdn, Invisible things ; name of a note
in music.

poshala, Covered ; clothing.

•^•ji poshand, A veil touching the
ground.

^MAji poshandagi, A garment, a cover-
ing.

"•^Ji poshanda, Who clothes ; — poshan-
da'i Mswati mahabbat, Wearing the habit of
friendship.

«^*t> poshang, Name of a place between
Kiindahar and Multan; — poshnag, A cat.
poshna, A lid, cover ; concealed.

4*5* posha, A veil, a curtain.

wT^# poshnl, — i^ouAj} q.v.

(jS-Vs^j poshidagi, Ambiguity, dubious-
ness.

Q***>jl poshidan, To cover, conceal, clothe;
to dress, to wear clothes ; to shut.

^■i-*^ poshidani. Fit to be put on,
proper to be worn ; clothing, dress.

»-**Ajt poshlda, Clothed, dressed, con-
cealed, covered, hid ; a chaste retired
woman ; — poshida budan, To be concealed,
abscond, lie hid ; to be clothed, dressed,

S -M»yt poshida- chashm, Hoodwinked ;
blind ; blind to the failings of others ; who
does not look at a stranger (modest
woman).

a <~if*- poshlda-harf, Of mysterious

speech ; who talks with a hidden mean-
ing.

^jljJa tAtJkjf. poshida-danddn, Having thfe
teeth concealed (said of a starless night). \

« s J***^ poshida-ru, Who veils her face ; a
lady.

puh, Tinder, touchwood ; wind from
the throat in blowing a fire ; corn laid up
in a pit, which is then strewed over with
thorns and rubbish that it may not be dis-
covered by thieves or enemies ; hollow.

Jj» pul, A bridge ; a small piece of
copper coin ; money; a fish-scale ; a station
on a journey, an inn ; — puli siydh, Copper
coin; — puli sikka-ddr, Coin; — puli tild,
Gold coin (m.c.) ; — puli marhaw, Money
paid as damages for wounds ; — pilli naqd,
Ready money (m.c.) ; — puli nuqra, Silver
coin (m.c.) ; — pul giriftan, To scrape the
scales off a fish, to scale.

(JSjt, pug'dn, The womb ; a sprinkling of
water (unsupported by examples).

^tf. puldb, Sense, feeling.

(jstSji piildbi, Palpable, tangible, evident.

Jiji. puldd, The finest Damascus steel,
which, with that of Qum, is esteemed the
best in the East ; steel generally, a sword ;
name of a demon and of a famous warrior ;

( 261 )

a, club ;— piilddi Hindi, An Indian sword
(see

l^i puldd-bdzv,, With arm of steel.

J Sj> puldd-chang. With fist of steel.

^U. SSji puldd-khdy, Strong enough to
cbew steel, powerful, determined ; head-
strong.

a yUjj j3^> pHldd-dir'dn, Steel-armoured
men.

**V puldd-rag, With veins of Bteel,
powerful; headstrong.
cjV^u. jSji pulddsanjdn, Hardy warriors.
,_5iAi jSjj ^3«Zati-^M»di, Name of a demon
killed by Rustam.
as-*W« <i\\ puldd-mikhXob, Steel-taloned.
f puldd-gar, A worker in steel.

jSj* puldd-gurz, Armed with a steel
mace ; a steel mace.

Sijt puldd-nihdd. As hard as steel.
puladwand, Hard as steel ; name
of a hero.
ij'V, pola.nl, Pottage, gruel.

uUja!^ politlk-dan, Well versed in
polities (m.c).

pul-ddr, Rich; moneyed, capitalist

(m.c).

■aUji pulak, The scales of a fish.

2>oZa, A withered melon ; any fruit
soft and rotten inside ; a raving wolf (un-
supported by examples).

OA pun, Felt-cloth, any kind of saddle-
cloths for horseB, camels, or other beasts of
bun! en.

punlkd, Phoenicia.
»jj> puy, A moderate pace, a trot.
kfipiiyd, efefi, puy&n, Running, trotting;

a runner ; — puydn
and down.

biidan, To meander up

a ft* t}>J|j> piiydn-hizbar, A horse.

iSA <3j£ puy-piiy, Running, trotting ; fie !

pawicha, Ivy.
tyti puyiiha, Hope, expectation.
O'tft puyidan, To wander ; to run ; to
trot.

iMftP&yiih, A trotting up and down.

puygan, The womb ; water

sprinkled.

u&jjjj puyandagi, A running, trotting.

i^ifi puyanda, A running animal.

puya, poya, A canter, haud-gallop,
run ; — poya davndan, To canter.

ts>i puya-puy \t£ puyd-puy), In
liaBte, galloping.

(jJlj^ puyidan, To run to and fro, to trot ;
to examine, search.

*i pah, &> pah pah, Bravo ! well done !
— pah kardan, To puff or breathe in one's
face.

h Q}<i/ l _y- J ^$ phaml kardan, To strangle.
m\\ pahdna, A wedge (see ^i).
yl^i phatdn. An Afghan tribe ; a Patan.
pahr, Fourth ; watch of the night ; —
puhr, A Jewish school.

8 r& pahra, A guard ; protection ; a watch
or fourth part of the night.

irf, pahra-dar, A watchman, guard.

Jv, pahl, A troop, a host.

y^- pahlav, A hero ; a wrestler ; a saint ;
a city ; name of a country where Pehlevi is
spoken ; Shem, son of Noah ; the parts
about Ispahan ; — pahlu, The side ; utility ;
profit, advantage ; — pahlu ba-bistar burdan
(sipurdan), To sleep well ; — pahlu tahi kar-
dan, To withdraw, retire ; to shun, avoid,
abstain ; — pahlu dddan, To assist ; to
retire ; to avoid ; — pahlu'i dar, A door-
post ; — pahlu zadan (sdyidan), To asso-
ciate, be on a footing with ; — pahlu kardan,
To run away ; to turn away the face, avoid,
beware of ; — pahlu'i lashkar, The wing of
an army ; —pahlu nihddan, To sleep; — 6a-
pahlu uftddan, To fall on the side j to die,
be killed.

Palawan, A hero, champion, brave
warrior, strong athletic man ; rough, rugged
in figure or in speech; — pahlawdni pur
tor, A brave champion ; — pahlawdni sipihr,
The celestial warrior, Mars.

pahlawdndna, Heroic; heroically.

c^V"*? pahlawdni, Heroism ; a citizen ;
ancient Persian ; heroic ; belonging to a
city ; — pahlawdni dddan, To confer great-
ness upon.

j^jjl^} pahl-U-ddr, A helper ; generous,
liberal ; firm ; sarcastic, insolent of speech.

t)^3 pahlav-zabdn, The Pehlevi lan-
guage ; one wbo speaks in it.

Oj^-tti pahlu-zan, One who claims equality ;
a pretender ; arrogant.

jL^> pahlu-nizhdd, Of heroic descent.

<J^* pahlu-Bdy, An equal ; intimate ;
a rival, a competitor.

pahlu-shikdf, Who cleaves the
side of his adversary.

(^* -4 * } jk? pahlu -nishin, A companion.

i£<fa>, pahlawi, Belonging to a city ; a
citizen ; an ancient Persian and what re-
lates to him ; saintly ; — zabdnipahlavn, The
language of the ancient Persians, the Peh-
levi language.

pahla, Ispahan, Ray, and DInawar.

^j^H pahmazak, A porcupine.

^pahn, Wide, large, broad, ample, ex-
tensive ; [pahn ehudan, To lie flat on the
ground (m.c.); — pahn kardan, To extend;]
—pahan, Milk which boils in the breast of
the mother through maternal affection.

Vi^i pahnd, Broad ; latitude, breadth,
width.

(ji* pahnd-kash, A weaver's instru-
ment for stretching and keeping tight cloth
in a loom (= ^-^^ 1- v 0

diU^ pahndna, Buttered toast ; an ape.

jjU^ pahndwar, Broad, wide, ample j
widely-extended.

^^i^pahndwari, iS^i, pahnd'l, Breadth,
width ; — pahnd'iyi mmin, The expanse of

( 2

the earth ; — pahnd'vyi 'umr, Ease and com-
fort of life.

tr** tX6 pahn-bini, Flat ot broad-nosed.
pahand, A toil for catching deer.

^AHt> pahn-ddr, Broad, wide,
jt- pahnsdts, Who widens.

)f*t), pdhnur, The colocynth.

pahna, Breadth ; the inside of the
thigh of man or animal; a race-ground;
a racket or battledore; a boy's spinning-
top ; polo ; a game at balls.

^yH* pahni, Flatness, breadth.

qA-jv, pahnidan, To expand, stretch.

h ^ pkid, The musk melon (Cucumis
momordica).

pahi, The bitter purging apple.
pahin, Very broad or wide.

ul pai, pay, A foot ; a nerve, tendon,
sinew, a footstep, track, trace, mark, vestige;
pursuit; the heel; rank, power, strength ;
pretence, pretext; false appearance; incli-
nation ; a time, turn ; because, for, on ac-
count of ; after ; behind ; [pai baa nika-
dan, To retreat; — -pai burdan, To trace,
discover, find out ; to enter, to penetrate
(m.c.) ; — pai rasidan, To arrive quickly; —
pai zadan, To join (bones) by sinews ; — pai
fushurdan, To Btand firm ; to establish, to
fix ; to be established or fixed ; to step ; —
payi Mr giriftan (niehastan), To attend to
one's business; to do as one likes; — pai
Icardan, To abandon, give up, lose ; to
follow ; to ham-string ; — pai Icardan umid,
To despair ; — payi kase bar-ddehtan, To
watch one'B steps ; — pai gum (kur) Icardan,
To lose the tracks ; to go astray ; — ax payi
iafrih, By way of recreation ; — ass payi tn,
On thy account ; — az pai rafian {dar pai
dmadan), To go behind, follow, trace ; —
dar pay uftadan, To scoff at ; — dar payi
cMze nishasian, To persist in a thing stub-
bornly ;] — pi, Fat, grease, tallow.

W» piyd, Man, in the dialect of the Lurs
and Zends (m.c).

>^\->pay-db, Power, strength; bottom of
the sea, river, lake, cistern, or piece of
water; foot or extremity of anything,
end.

pay-d-pai, Step by step, succes-
sively, repeatedly, incessantly, conti-
nuously, consequently • continuous ; — pay-
d-pai skudan, To follow in succession.

Bi>L> piydda, A footman; a foot-soldier;
infantry ; a peon ; a pawn at chess ; a
bailiff, catchpoll; ignorant, uninformed,
illiterate ; the tendril of a vine ; a kind of
willow ; a sort of rose ; — piydda? i Massa,
Foot- guards (m.c.) ; — piydda shudan, To be
on foot ; to alight from a horse ; — piyada'i
muhassil (muhtisil), A bailiff (m.c.) ; — piya-
da'i multazim, A servant in constant pay ;
—piydda nihadan, To regard or set down
as base and weak.

l> S*>^> piydda-pd, On foot.

I ) W

» s >>^ piydda-rav, A pedestrian ; a foot-
path (m.c.) ; a pavement (m.c).

u*^ S >*W& piydda-JcaBh (Jcashdn), Dragging
along (a prisoner) on foot ; dragged along
on foot.

ui>\jio 5oU< piydda-nafardt, Infantry.

*^}*<>» piydrah, A bird resembling the
nightingale in shape and song, but smaller
and green.

jWi piydz, An onion ; a bulb ; — piydzi
dashti, A wild onion ; ratsbane, wolf sbane ;
— piydzi sag (hazrati), Persian meadow
saifron, Colchicum persicum ; — piydzi
'unsul. The sea-onion (Sqnilla maritima) ;
—piydzi huhl, Chive ; — piydzi mush, Sea-
onion or squill.

piyax-farosh, A seller of onions.

usljWj piydzak, A small onion ; a rattan ;
a mace ; name o£ a village.

piydzaM, Of or belonging to Piya-
zak ; a ruby from Piyazak.

jW> piyaz-liz, An eatable wild onion.

ij^piydz-u, A sea-onion, a squill.

ijjWi piydz-wd, Light, unsatisfying food.

<^jW» piydzi, A wild onion; a kind of
ruby ; an iron mace, a war-mace ; of the
colour of an onion.

piydzt-rang, Pinky, rosy ; crim-
son.

ys-Wj piydstH, A large mouth ; fetid
breath (see yu^).

^aipiydla, A cup, goblet, or drinking-
glass ; the eye of a mistress ; the divine
presence intoxicating the beholder ; the
pan of a musket-lock; — piydla'i jaw, A
cup filled to the brim ; — piydla kasMdan,
To drink ; — piydla garddmdan, To circulate
the bowl.

&JWi piydla-paimd, ^W* piydla-ddr,
Who quaffs a cup.

i!L> piyala-dast, Cup in hand.
<J^ piydla-kash, A quaffer of cups.

451*1 piydla-garddn, A cup-bearer.
i3\ji dJUj v piyala-navldla, Meat and drink
(a cant word among debauchees).

fW{ paydm, News, advice ; a message ;
salutation (in letters) ; — paydmi rnawaddat-
ikhtitdm, Salutations sealed with affection,
friendly compliments.

)ft f^i paydm- dwar, An envoy ; a pro-
phet.

paydm-bar, An apostle ; a mes-
senger.

piydmuzish, a corrupted form for
piydzi mush, q.v. under jLj .

pay-dmegk, Muscular, sinewy flesh ;
the fleshy part or brawn of meat ; a piece
of flesh or fish without bone ; name of a
herb.

yWi piydno, Piano ; — piydno zadan, To
play the piano (mm.cc. from Fr. or E.).

Lsi.)^ <_s? pay-andar-pai, = <_5>W?, q.v.

piydwurdan, To be contracted, to
shrink, to shrivel.

W ( 263 )

paydhU, A house of hexagonal
forin ; an upper room having an ascent by
a spiral staircase.

^ot pai-ba, Holland (m.c. from Vr, PayB-
Baa).

t>ty (_;» pai-burdan, Situation ; position ;
value (m.c).

jsi&cm, Dry mouldy bread, spoiled
by the mice ; a tumour ; alouse ; a kind of
batter, or fat of mutton, the eating of
which is said to be good for disorders in
the eyes.

pai-band, A fetter, a tether.
h J^*> pipal, The holy fig-tree.
h Jy* "Kit pipula-miil, Long-pepper root.
paitam (in Zand and Pazand),

News.

pitrasb, pltarasb, Zavdusht's
grandfather.

<^*«-> pilak, A moth fretting a garment;
vaiu, useless, futile (not supported by
examples).

ij 1 ^*** pltkdni, An engine (for throwing
stones) ; a lever.

h piial, Brass.

pita, A wick ; a lint-stock.

j»j^a.jx*> pitishahirn, The third period,
lasting seventy-five days, during which the
earth was created.

pech, Twisted, folded, rolled up,
curled, iutertwined, coiled, crooked, com-
plicated, intricate ; curvature, bending ; a
curl, ringlet, fold, plait, wreath, twist, roll ;
a worm which infests the bottoms of ships ;
a screw ; a vortex ; a coat-button ; dif-
ficulty, perplexity ; deceit ; envy ; — pech
ba-fech, Much contorted or involved ;
curled, intertwined ; — pech khwurdan, To
be tortuous (m.c.) ; — pech dar pech, Roll
within roll ; intricate ; — peck dddan, To
twist, &c. (= q-v.) ; — pech, zadan, To

screw; — ba-hazdr pech u tab, With a thou-
sand folds and writhings ; — rishta'i pur
pech u tab, A thread full of twists and
turns.

pechd, All-surrounding and all-per-
vading.

pech'd-pech, Involved, intricate,
distorted, crooked, rolled in a circle ;
crisped, curled ; in zig-zag.
t J^> piahdq, A knife.

^^<>» pech&ki shikam, A twisting of
the guts, gripes.

pechan, Complicated, twisted; —
pechdn shudan, To torture or worry one-
self.

(jitV^ji; pachandan, 0 ,i * s ^*5 pechdnidan,
To cause to twist, &c. ; to twist, involve ;
to work (an apparatus) by winding (m.c).

Uli (^^*» pechd'i ndf, Contortion of the
navel, a violent, excruciating pain, incident
to women in labour.

^**» pech-pd (crooked foot), A crab.
pech-pech, The rack.

<^=?H ®H pech pechdn,, Inclining, leaning
from side to side.

v^»!i>> pich-tdb, A knot; high words,
angry discourse; silence through anger;
restlessness, suspense, parplexity.

$*» pea'i-kfiwurda,, In zig-zag (m.c).

j\*&r-> pech-ddr, Twisted, coiled.

u~^«> pichish, Contortion, inflection,
curve ; the curliug of the hair ; gripes ;
circumvention ; disobedience, rebellion • —
pechishi ruda, A twisting of the guts.

&J j u* 1 ^!*; pechiah-zada, Griped.

isX^sj pechak, A ball of thread or silk;
the bobbin on which thread is wound; a
fillet for confining a lady's head-dress; a
ship-worm ; ivy ; a bone ring without a
bezel.

i_r>f pech-kash, A turn-screw.

^ pech-kuk, Handle of an organ

(m.c).

Ju^si jpech-mdl, A twist, a distortion.

■M^i pechand, A fillet for the hair ; ivy.
pechwdn, Twisted, coiled.
P^cha, An auger, wimble, piercer ; a
pent or projection over a door; a creeping
plant, ivy ; a lock of curling hair; an orna-
ment set with jewels worn on the head of a
bride; a fillet for the hair; a wall (be-
tween two other walls it does not touch)
upon which the roof rests in a peculiar
manner, conducing to warmth; a wink, nod,
sign.

pechich, Torture, torment, pain
(probably misreading for a*^^ q.v.).

<_g^»«Kfj pechidagi, A twisting, twist, dis-
tortion.

oH) <j* A *^** pechidagi-zabdn, Afflicted
with an impediment of speech.

(J-H^rti pechidan, To twist, distort, bend,
involve, wreathe, or coil as a serpent, wind
in a sepentine form, surround, envelop,
involve ; to twist a bit of camel's nerve or
bow-string round the end of an arrow ; to
screw, wreathe, make intricate ; to assemble,
meet ; to disobey, rebel ; to wound ; to
divulge ; to be confused, in speech ; to
assist, aid; — paichldan, To be involved;
to divide in parts ; to wound ; associate
or keep company with (doubtful word, or
rather form of the preceding).

pechida, Twisted ; a bracelet, par-
ticularly one quadrangularly plaited ; ivy ;
perverse.

8Jk s*>*S pechida-dast, Whose hand or
arm is contorted ; weak, powerless.

pichila, A tree which bears fruit
late in the season.

£tl pikh, Gum adhering to the eye-
lashes ; ear-wax.

Jlst-j plkhdl, The dung of birds ; excre-
ment of any kind ; — plkhdl anddkhtan, To
mute (said of birds, beasts, or flies).

t^^$\ J^**i pijchdl'dludagi, Defilement
with dung.

C4

pikhdl-dluda,

( 264 )

•^T J^*4i pikhdl-dluda, Defiled with
dung.

(jja&*> pekhtan, To twist.
u*«sfc#> paik£as, Suspicion, guess ; dis-
covery.

aj-j pai-k]iagt, pai-khust, Undermined ;
trampled and softened under the foot;
imprisoned ; sick, infirm, weak ; fetid,
stinking; a discovery.

te~a&»> pai-khasta. Trampled under foot;
impotent, helpless ; suspicion, fancy,
doubt; fetid; stuffed; a man or beast con-
fined in a narrow place whence they can-
not escape ; an undermined wall.

pai-khosta, What sticks to the
feet ; weak, infirm, powerless.

O- 1 *^^ pikhidan. To divide in parts ; to
rise (doubtful word).

pld, Scattered ; singed ; spoiled, use-
less ; grease in the axle-tree of a wheel.

^•Vt paidd, Clear, evident, manifest, appa-
rent ; exhibited ; public ; born, produced ;
discovered, invented ; publication, exhibi-
tion, production ; invention ; discovery ;
openly, publicly, clearly, evidently, mani-
festly ;— paidd ehudan, To be evident; to
become public ; to come forward (as a boil
or other sore) ; to labour under any disorder ;
to originate (as a malady ) ; to rise or ap-
pear (as the sun) ; — paidd kardan, To in-
vent, discover, declare, make public; to find
(ln.c.) ; to engender ; to afford.

*A*e> paiddd, Open, public, manifest.
jMju> paiddsh, Creation, production.
> paidd war, Produce ; profits.

paiddwasi, paiddwisi, A coin of

the value of five dinars, that passed cur-
rent in Persia during the reigns of the Ka-
yanians.

Lr^«V>l paiddyish, Production, birth ; crea-
tion ; genesis ; earnings, profit.

^Aji paidd'i, Manifestation, appear-
ance.

^5* j>> pai dar pai, Step by step, one
after another ; repetition.

pedrii, The apostle Peter.

j*>pir, An old man; a founder or chief
of any religious body or sect ; Monday ; an
old woman ; [piri barnd-tan (the old man
with the youthful body), piri barnd-wagh
(the old man who resembles a youth), The
world; the sky (see <J>}^fi , which is evi-
deutly a contraction of the last, and should
be read pirbarndwash) ; — piri ta'lim, A
spiritual guide; learned in holy writ; —
piri chihl sola, Maturity of intellect; an
angel ; Adam ; a turquoise stone ; — piri
hMudd, Name of Othroan ;—piri kkasis, The
planet Saturn ; the Devil;— piri darwishdn,
The superior of the Order of Darwishes ; —
piri du-td, The vault of heaven ;—piri du-
moy, The world (as subject to the inter-
change of day and night) ; — piri dihkdn,
Old wine j — piri xdl, An old decrepit

man ; the father of Rust am ; a title o£
honour (similar to Senior, Seigneur, Senor,
or Senhor, imioug the French, Italians, and
Spaniards) ; — piri sdl-khwurda, Old wine ;
— piri sardndib, The old man of Ceylon, i.e.
Adam ; — piri ghashum charkh. The planet
Jupiter; — piri san'd (san'dn), Name of a
holy man ; — piri tariqat, A spiritual guide ;
— piri fartut, A delirious old man ; — piri
falak, The planet Saturn ; — piri kushta'i
glifiughd, The old man killed in the fray, i.e.
Othman ; — piri kalla-paz, A cook of heads
and feet of cattle ; — piri kan'dn, The patri-
arch Jacob ; — piri mughan, A chief priest of
the Magi or worshippers of fire ; a prior of a
Christian monastery ; a keeper of a tavern
or house of promiscuous entertainment ; —
piri haste khuld, Rizwiin, porter of Para-
dise ; — piri haft falak, Saturn ; Jupiter ; —
piri haftum charkh. The planet Saturn ; —
pir u jawdn, Old and young;] — piyar, A
father.

perd, One who decorates, polishes,
writes, or executes with elegance and
accuracy ; a pruner ; one who shaves, clips,
trims, or plucks up superflous hairs.

pirdr, The year before last ; the day
before yesterday.

J^- pirdr-sdl, The year before last.

perdstan, To adorn, decorate, orna-
ment, embellish (especially by cutting,
clipping, or taking away) ; to prune, clip,
trim ; to diminish ; to tan.

perdsta, Adorned ; trimmed,
clipped, polled ; tanned ; arrauged, ad-
justed ; a village abounding in palm-trees ;
a pleasure-ground outside a town.
(jjjLf-.^ pirdsidan, To rub, to grind.
i_s } '- ii ' pir-afshdni, The acting in a
youthful manner in old age; a green old
age.

•^v** pirdgand, Scattered, dispersed.

yiijn^j pirdgandan, To disperse, scatter.

i^/si perdman, y^*\^» perdmun, Envi-
rons, adjacent places; a circuit; a border,
margin, skirt, lappet, flap ; about, around ;
— perdmani sardy, The environs of the
house, whatever surrounds it.

o\rH pirdn (pi. of pir), Old men; land
granted for the erection or preservation of
a tomb over a Muhammadan saint ; name
of one of Afrasyab's generals.

J^* plrdn-s&l, y~ y^aJ pirdn-sar,

V" ClVr pirdn-sard, Old age.

pirdna, Elderly, like an old man, or
saint ; saintly ; growing old ; a hunter,

Y~ &'Aj~> pirdna-sar, Old age.

^^j*} perdnidan (caus. of perdstan), To
cause to adorn.

!W perdh, A leather-dresser, currier.

CjW^j pirdhdn, = (j-^/s} q.v.

Lr^jei perdhish, Decoration; tanning.

l^Vi pirdhan, peruhan, A loose vest,

M (

shirt, shift ;—pirdhan abl kardan, To dress
in mourning (i.e. blue) ;— plrdhani simdbt,
A white vest or shirt ; — pirdhan qabd kar-
dan, To tear a shirt ; — plrdhani kaghivi, A
petition for justice; (met.) the brightness
of dawn ; the rays of the sun.

tJ^W perdhidan, To tan, dress leather.

^jHperdy, Adorning; pruning; shaving
the head ; tanning.

o~*V*J perayish, Ornament, decoration ;
tanning; preparation.

cs^/so perdyagi, Female ornament.

_ 8AJ J^*t perdyanda, One who clips, prunes,
trims, or adorns ; a gardener ; a barber ; a
tanner.

k^p* per&ya, Ornament, decoration ; em-
bellishment, beauty ; a cradle ; a vessel ; a
plate (of gold and silver).

plrdya-band, j!>j> &>^j-~> pirdya~
posh, Decking oneself out with ornaments.

g~* piraya-eanj, "Who weighs or

examines precious things.

4}-^^ perayidan. To adorn.

o pir-bunya, A young man gray.

{ *H pf. pir-pamba, A hairy old man.
Pi pir-Mirad, Wisdom ; a wise man,

J\) p> pir-zdl, An old man of authority ;
an aged prince ; the father of Rustam (the
Persian Hercules).

JirH pir-zar, An old man ; surname of
Zal, the father of Rustam.

plr-zan, An old woman; — plr-zani
charkh, Heaven.

5 jrH Pdyarza, A thing tied up in a bundle.

<^>p> plruzl. Victory, triumph ; — plrzl,
Mean goods, inferior merchandise, frippery.
p\ pir-sar, Grey with old age.

/ M pir-Jeclr, Acting like an old man,
experienced.

y-t* ;#> pir-huhan, A very old man.

^*^* )H plr-mdstbd, A bucking horse.

*Jt)]i plrzi-farosh, A dealer in mean
goods, a fripper.

JL- pi pir-sdl, An old man ; aged.
pir-mard, An old man.

tfpl plraman, A circuit; about.

t\-*p>, plranddkh, Goat's leather, morocco.

)) ijt pii-rav, A follower.

t)^i) pay-rawdn, Followers.

typlperuj, A turkey.

jjrH piroz, Victorious ; prosperous, fa-
voured by fortune and opportunity ; a
champion of Iran.

jjij^j plroz-rdm, Name of a city in India.
pina-rdy, Of victorious (true)

judgment.

jS))ft» pirdz-gar, Victorious.

ixZZSftjit piroz-gasht, Of victorious revolu-
tion (sky).

ijjpX plroza, A turquoise, a kind of blue
gem,

jjli* 4)^*5 piroza-chddir (tj^ eharJch,
tasht, )*" maghz, migkfar), The sky,
<J)>pl pirozi, Victory, triumph ; happiness.

35 )

<3)P> pai-rawi, A following, pursuit;
search; dependence, consequence j — pai-
rawi kardan, To follow.

fi ;«$ p*m, Aged, baJd ; a successor ; virgin
honey,

jli^ s ;*3 ptra-bdzdr, Pirabazar, name of a
place in the neighbourhood of Rasht.
yj *j*> pira-zan, An old woman.
&*p> plrakan, A shirt, shift, tunic.
^^^i plrahancha, A short shirt.

pirhand, A shirt, shift, tunic.
<jj*i P^ ri < Old age, decrepitude.
{$ipl pirin, I'etid water.
Sj j pai-zada, Wounded, hamstrung.
)pi pizar, A pedlar ; name of a disease.
Uj i_sJ pti-zan, One who hamstrings,
o'j ^ pui-zani, Hamstringing.
apipezhan, = q.v.
u~*j jses, Leprosy ; a dwarf palm-tree, of
the twigs or fibres of which they make
ropes; white; vile, ignoble,

pes-andam, Leprous.
jV~ <ji pai-sipdr, j~~ ^ pai-sipur, Tram-
pled upon ; a traveller.

f <JiP a y sipurdan, To trample.

ks-~»j pest, Leprous.

yU-.,j pistdn. The past, those gone.

<_£ pai-safed, ITnpropitious, inauspi-
cious.

^L^ni pigki, Youth.

pesagl, An intermixture of colours,
piebaldness ; leprosy,
yjj™^. pmidan, To incline ; to desire.
•^y^j pi-goz (for jj- 4^ q-v.), A lamp, &c.
paisa, A small weight, twenty-four
to ,i. pound, used only for weighing copper
money ; a copper coin ; money ; - pesa, Pie-
bald, dappled, variegated ; a crow, a pie,
-» pen, The leprosy.
t>*£ />^» Before ; in front ; forward ;
past ; future ; further, beyond ; preamble,
premises ; an example, model, exemplar,
coryphjeus, chief, superior, commander,
leader ; (in gram.) the vowel-point _jL. w ; a
palm-hranch ; a dwarf palm-tree ; intelli-
gent, wise ; — peski dtish u pas daryd, The
world ; fortune ; — pesh as an, Before that ; —
pesh az dnJei, Before tbafc which, previous to
which, sooner than ; — pesh az In, Henceforth,
hereafter; before this, heretofore, sometime;
—pesh nftddan, To advance (m.c.) ;— pesh
dmadan, To come before, meet, oppose, ob-
struct ; to occur, happen ;—pesh dwardan,
To bring, produce before ;— peshi 0 range
na-ddrad, He cannot cope with him ;~ pesh
burdan,'£o produce (m.c.) ; to carry (a mea-
sure, m.c) ; — pesh (az pesh) birun shudan,
To succeed, to prosper ; to befall ; — peshi
pdy, The toe ; — pesh-pd shudan, To be in
advance; to go forward, proceed; — peshipd'i
lease bar-lchdstan, To rise in one's honour;
— pesh kkaridan, To buy beforehand, to buy
or pay in advance (m.c.) ; — peslii kkwud
bar pa, Self-willed, obstinate, headstrong ;

( 266 )

— peek raftan, To go before , advance, precede ;
— pesh shudan,Tohe superior, to excel;— pesh
shumwrdan, To count beforehnnd ; to anti-
cipate ; — pesh /arista-dan, To send to, to-
wards, before ; — peshi qazi, Before the
judge ;—pesh Jcardan, To prefix, to preface ;
to shut (a door); — peshi kase band (giriftdr)
budan, To fall in love with ; to be befooled ;
—pesh kashidan, To attract; — pesh giriftan,
To learn, to teach ; to precede or excel in
doing or learning anything ; to exhibit,
stretch out ; to propose anything to one-
self ; — pesh u pas (generally pas u pesh),
Before and after ;—az-pesk " {ba-pesh, dar-
pesh), Before; in front ;— an pesh raftan, To
go ahead, to advance ;—dar pesh ddshtan, To
undertake, to prepare ; — dm peshi mkfeimi
lease uftddan, To interrupt a speaker; — dar
pesh shudan. To precede ; — dar pesh hardan,
To place at the head.

s->^*«*?, pesh-ab, Urine.

pesh-d-pesh, Equal, parallel;
equally; before; in front of, before (m-c.) ;
— pesh-d-pesh giriftan, To take the lead.

peshd-dast, Ready money, cash
paid down ; wages paid in advance.

j^eipesh-dr (brought before), Urine (of
a sick person shown to a physician),

y\j^~»>. pesh-dran, Doctor's prescriptions.

Sj^*> peshdra, A cake made of flour,
honey, and oil or butter.

uUtf pesh-ufldd, The forlorn hope ;
an accident, a stroke of fortune, an occur-
rence.

I»V»\ pesh-imam, A high-priest.

iAh pesh-dmad, Advance, coming into
the presence ; elevation, advancement ; access,
admittance ; occurrence.

fcA-*»si peshdn, The utmost extremity in
front, the farthest of all ; the best side of
cloth, the best end which is shown to a
buyer ; (pi. of pesh) those before.

yi-sj pesh-anddz, A necklace ; a nap-
kin.

(j**^ L£«i pesh-andeshi, Forethought.

(j'^si peshdnl, Front, forehead, brow ;
ringlets hanging over the forehead ; sauei-
ness; strength; hardness; opposite, over
against, even ; fortune ; — peshdnl kardan,
To be forward or saucy.

u^aj peshdnl-band, Fillet for the

hair.

^ J c^^i peshdm-ddr, Expert ; successful,
prosperous.

JSjUtr^iliji peshdm-gushdda, Candid.

*i£syi (ji-j pesh-dwang, The leader of the
flock ; an ensign.

•a&Ali-o pesh-dhang, A general, a colonel
(as being the chief of an army or a regi-
ment) ; the le ader of the flock or a caravan ;
the vanguard ; forlorn hope.

jjS^U.,^ peshdyagT, Forwards.

4 J^iv4>*{ jJ6«/i-ayawda,Opposer,obstrucLer.

u~<>i peek-iiedn, The courtyard of a

house.

LT^i pesh-bdz, Meeting, a going out to
meet a person of distinction ; a kind of gar-
ment open in front ; — pesh-bdx dmadan. To
run to and fro.

lAh pesh-band, The belt that passes
over a horse's breast to prevent the saddle
from slipping back, breast-hamess.

u~rf, pesh-bandi, Premises ; foresight.
y>ri i»r*i pesh-bin, Forseeing ; wise, pru-
dent.

(j*** u*"*i pesh-bini, Foresight; anticipa-
tion.

pesh-pd, A carpet placed in the ves-
tibule, or in the place of honour ; also —

soUi\ 1} ^j*,^ pesh-pd uftdda, Very near
and dear, very intimate.

jV***i pesk-pdr, Sweetmeats presented to
a guest ; a woman bringing forth an abor-
tion ; a midwife.

AyV*^ peshpdrcha, peshpdra, A

cake made of flour, honey, and oil or butter.

<_jftj cr*> pesh'pd'i, Precedency.

V* '-^H pesh-perd, Who adorns in front ;
a decorator (applied by Nizami to Fir-
dausi) .

i_s*^j o 4 *^ Lr-«i pesh pesh raftagl, Prece-
dence.

&xas.~*..)i pesh-takhta, A portfolio ; a desk.
peshtar, Prior, more forward ; for-
ward.

(^jj^Aj peshtarin, Foremost.

lAsJ pesh-jang, Who fights in front
of others, in the foremost rank.

a, <_ij=» yS-aJ; pesh-harf, One whose speech
prevails.

isAsbAfi pesh-khdna, A portico; a gallery
or projecting balcony ; tents of state sent in
advance when travelling; camp-equipage.

a, <j&*j ; pesh-khidmat, Attendant,

officer of the royal household (m.c).

a (jAli u^OiS- u~j pesh-fehidmat-bdshi.
The first lord-in-waiting (m.c.J.

jjys. (jt-j pesh-kharid, Paid for in advance.

ylys- pesh-khwdn, Who announces

the name and rank of the new-comers in
an assembly.

jjs_a._j pesh-khviur, •Jy*-*-** pesh-khwurd.
An eariy breakfast ; parched corn or grain
of different kinds, toasted, and rubbed be-
tween the hands; corn or fruit sold before
it is ripe; money paid down in advance ; a
foretaste.

yt£- (j 2 **? pesh-khe.z, A servant.

a &*~e- yi-o pesh-khaima, A tent or bag-
gage sent on before ; a public audience-tent ;
a sort of dagger.

S\xi^> pesh-dad, A law-giver; the first to
redress the wrongs of the oppressed;
earnest-money ; Hoshang, the first of the
line of Peshdiidiaii kings.

t3 ^\juS..o peshdadiyCm, The Peshdadians,
or first dynasty of the kings of Persia.

( 267 )

j\j pesh-dar, A javelin for killing
hogB.

t>*' J triij'esi-^OTfUs, Ad apron; a ser-
vant.

^■^si pesh-dar, A frontispiece.

u^xz^i pesh-dast, Surpassing, excelling ;
outstripping ; an assistant ; right of pre-
cedency, thief seat ; earnest-money, money
paid in advance,

pesh-dastl, An outstripping,
surpassing; pre-eminence, precedency, pre-
excellence; — pesh-dastl hard. He performed
it soon, he quickly accomplished it, he
made great haste ; he made an aggression ;
— pesh-dastl nimudan, To excel, surpass.
pesh-dil, Deliberation.

0) xi ^i pai-shudan, To incline to, to lean
towards.

u^**. pesh-did, In view.

a ijtt, pesh-din, A spiritual guide.

u*) ir*i pesh-ras, First-fruits; provident.

<c ^) ^-ii'Pesh-ra/t, Impressive, forcible.

i^™) lAh pzsh-raftag\, A going before, a
leading of the van.

pesh-rafta, Gone before, bygone.

)r>+s> pesh-rav, peak-ran, A general, chief,
leader; a guide, forerunner, escort; the
advanced guard, van, forlorn hope; having
the precedence (m.c.) ; preface, preamble,
exordium ; outstripping all others (horse) ;
prelude or symphony in music ; — peshrawi
lashkari sahrd, The "wild ass.

C^* peshshakh, A female garment.

a jUoA*! pesk-taq, Portico, hall, ante-
room.

a ±sb pesh-'ahd, A previous age.

a u*<-» t>*> pesh-qdb?, i^tS pesh-qabza,
A dagger worn in front.

a u>»Ji |^S<»> pesh-qadaml, Alacrity, ac-
tivity.

ajhi yi. s > pesh-qitdr, A camel first in the
string and fleet.

*^ A 9j peshak, A little before.
jVSa^ pesh-kdr, An assistant, helper ; a
domestic, a serving-raan, a hired labourer ;
a steward ; a disciple ; a subordinate officer
whose business it is to write the accounts.

sy.&t.j peth-kara, A midwife ; a matron ;
a lady superior ; tapestry or carpets with
which they decorate the best apartments or
principal seats ; a serving-man, a hired
labourer.

^IX&si pesk-kdri, Deputyship.

ytSi,* petik-kagh, What is first drawn ;
first-fruits ; a magnificent present, such as
is only presented to princes, great men,
superiors, or sometimes to equals (particu-
larly on receiving a great appointment) ;
tribute, quit-rent; — pesh-kanhi tu, I mike
you a present of it ; I dispense you of ; I
exempt you from, excuse you (mm.cc); —
pesh-hash kardan, To make a present (to a
superior, m.c.) ; — peskkaah-nawis, A registrar
of p resents.

pesh-koha, The front of the eye-
brow ; the bow or pommel of the saddle.

^ ^ ■ ■8 j. pesh-gah, The front; frontispiece;
vestibule ; portico ; area, court ; the prin-
cipal seat for the most noble of the com-
pany ; a kind of high altar in a mosque ;
the breast, the chest ; tapestry ; a carpet ;
a king, a lord of a throne ; — pesh-gdhi
nushiir, The resurrection ; — dar pesh-gdhi
sipdh, In the front of the army.

r^-^peshgar, An artificer ; a help, servant.
pesh-go (gH, ^ goy, guy), One
who presents petitions ; one who intro-
duces at court, an usher, chamberlain,
mas'er of the ceremonies.

pesh-gah, The front, Ac. (see tbSLs.. ^ ).

^^si peshgahi, Breakfast.

^ m ^~J. peshagi, Service ; — peshgi, Advance
of money.

y£**t* pesh-gir, Choosing; a towel, nap-
kin.

yU-i.^ peshmdn (for peshimdn), Penitent.

J^-i.^ pesh-muzd, Handsel, the first
money which a merchant receives in a
morning ; workmen's wages ; good luck,

a pesh-misra', The first hemi-

stich of a poem, the rhyme of which runs
through the whole composition.

pishan, ■iJ-t-j. pishand, The fibrous
substance of palm-tree, from which ropes
are made.

u*^ ijl pai-shinds, Clever at tracking.

th>-*J tA«> pesh-nishln, A midwife ; a
friend ; a wine-seller.

jUi yi^i pesh-namdz, A leader at prayer;
a chaplain.

pesh-namazl, The bigb-prieBt-

hood.

pesh-nihdd, What is placed before;
custom, mode, manner, use ; rule, regula-
tion ; intention, design ; — pesh-nihddi i&dtir
sdkhtan. To resolve upon; to undertake ; —
pesh-nihdd kardan, To habituate oneself, to
follow any regulation, or propose to oneself
a model for imitation.

pai-shav, A follower.
\}&~ti peshwd, Exemplar, model, guide,
leader ; the head of a party 5 the chief of
a religious sect, general of an army ; the
first executive officer among the Marhattas;
a sort of woman's garment ; — peshwd raftan,
To go to meet (out of respect) ; — peshwd
kardan, To be a model, or a chief ; — pesh-
wd'i firistddagdn, The leader of the sent
ones, Muhammad ; — peshwd'i muhdfigdni
hisdr, The commandant of a fort.

peshwdr, A garment open in front.
peshvidz, Going out to meet a per-
son of distinction; a full-dress gown,
reaching a little below the knee.

J\jA^> peshwd'i, High-priestship ; leader-
I ship.

o^J <~ri ) (Aj pesh-u-pas-raft-agt, A
I going to and fro, fore and aft.

(

Jpesh-war, Virtuous, excellent, emi-
nent.

pesha, Art, skill ; work, business,
craft, trade, calling, profession ; custom,
habit ; a shepherd's pipe ; \_pesha'i dtish,
Diabolical deeds ; — pesha biidan, To de-
ceive, to flatter, to fawn upon ; — pesha
kardan, To choose, elect, prefer ; — jihdd-
pcsha, Inured to war, hardy veterans ; —
saddgat-pesha, Sincere, professing veracity ;
— ma'rifat-pesha, Behaving proudly ;—ham-
pesha, Of the same trade, profession, or
rank ;] — pisha, A rope made from the fibres
of the palm-tree.

j^la, pesha-ehdgird, Servants.

j^*- 4 -** pesha-gdr, ^-—j peshagar, An
artisan.

i\S 6^i~ t > l pesha-gdh, Workshop, laboratory.
fcy i-s-*> pesha-murgh, A carrion bird.
Aju^o pesha-wdr, ^ <s-i--J pesha-war, An
artisan.

o~*4 peshl, The chief Beat, precedency,
superior rank; money paid in advance; —
peehi giriftan, To take the lead, precede,
surpass.

s^W^ii pesh-ydb, Foresightf ul, provident.

jW^irf, pesh-ydr, A glass urinal in which
the physicians examine the water of their
patients; urine; a servant, sei-ving-man,
hired labourer ; a disciple ; earnest-money.

pesh-ydra, A tray whereon sweet-
meats and flowers are brought into a room.

peshin, Anterior, ancient, antique,
prior, former; anticipated, per advance;
morning, forenoon ; mid-day prayer; — pe-
shin kardan, To anticipate, pre-oecupy, give
per advance ; — peshin guftan, To predict,
prognosticate; — bar dyini peshin, According
to ancient custom ; — bar wajhi peshin, By
anticipation, in advance, paid down.

*^ (^sArf, peshin-gdh, tS (^«-*-o peshin-gah,

<yU* efs-*-*?, peshin-gahdn, The time of
mid-day prayer.

*~~<} peshina, Prior, antecedent; a pre-
decessor ; money paid in advance.

y\SLt i i.j,.i*4>. peshinagdn, yl~-y£-o peshiniydn,
Forefathers, predecessors; the ancients.

*)^-?, paighdra, Slander ; railing, abuse.
paighdla, A goblet of wine.

j»U,>i paigfydm, A message ; fame, rumour ;
report ; news, advice ; an embassy, mission ;
— paighdmi zabdrii. An oral message ; —
paigAdmi kdghazi, A written message; —
'ar?i paigkdm kardan, To deliver creden-
tials, to explain the cause of an embassy.

<j"^**^"^*«4 paigkdm- d-paighdmi. Mutual
messages, mediation, correspondence.

rf^*H paigAdm-bar, A messenger; a pro-
phet, apostle ; an ambassador, envoy, legate.

t^r***^ paigkdm-bari, Prophetical office.
paigh,dm-guzdr, A messenger.

jjW fU.o paigAdm-guidri, The delivery
of a message ; the office of messenger.

peg&dn, Promise, agreement; vain.

268 ) ^

^Jl*** paighula. see *Jyk«* paighula.
j5»jl*^ pig/tlosh, The root of a flower ; a
sort of lily ; an ant's nest ; the mouth ; the
ear.

paigAam, A message ; report,
j : •»■* ; > paigham-bar , A prophet.

paigAam-baru The prophetical
office, prophecy.
(;>**> paighan, Rue.

^.paigha, The country of Pegu; name of
its kings; — pighu, A species of falcon; a
bird's beak.

paig&iir, pighur, A vessel small and
glazed with a narrow neck ; a small mouth
or orifice.

<*JjA->j paigAula, A corner, angle ; a narrow
street, bye-path ; — paighula' i dahan, The
comer of the mouth.

paighun, A condition, covenant,
tsykjj paigAawi, Of or belonging to Pai-
ghu ; the Turkish language ; Turkish
writing.

pigha, pifa, Eotten wood, touch-
wood.

paik, A running footman ; a carrier,
messenger ; a guard ; a watchman ; a foot-
man, lacquey ; the point of an arrow used
to strike fire ; [paiki ajal, The angel of
death, fate; — paiki ummid, The moon; —
paiki rdygdn, The moon ; a merchant ; a
traveller; the zephyr ;— paiki falak, The
moon ;]— pay ak, A parasite.

O^H paihln, Point of a spear or arrow ;
an arrow, javelin, spear, dart ; — paikdni
khdra guiar, A marble-piercing spear ; —
paikdni kamdn, The sun ; the stars ; — pai-
kdni miqrdza, A double-headed arrow or
spear.

yLii <yL<s> paikdn-Jishdn, A thrower of
arrows or spears ; a bow-man.

lt* CJ^H paikdn-kash, An instrument for
extracting arrows.
jS (jVsCj paikdn-gar, A maker of arrows.
^ AilX^j paikdna-sum, With hoofs (hard
and sharp) like arrows ; pointed like a
spear ; the claw or talon of a bird.

^iU^ paikdni, A kind of ruby ; a tur-
quoise (so called from its resemblance to a
spear-head) ; sal-ammoniac.

ji-ni paikar, Face, countenance; form,
figure, mould, model ; portrait, likeness ;
an idol-temple ; — paikari malakut, The
heavenly intelligence ; — paikardni dirakhsh,
The stars ; disembodied spirits; — paikardni
mdnd, An intermediate world, the world of
spirits ; — pari-paikar, Fairy-faced, lovely ;
— zabarjadi paikar, Azure, of a cerulean
appearance; — vidh-paikar, Moon-faced,
beautiful as the moon.
\J[ ^SLj paikar-drd , Adorning the face.
utN-ji ^sLj paikar -par ast. An idolater.
yU-yLi paikaristdn, The land of fairies.
jU^o paikar-gdr, A painter, limner.

( 209 )

ft j£t> paikar-gdv, A drinking-vessel in
the form of an ox.

8J ^ jfal paikar-kada, An idol-temple.
<j> paulcan, A hamstringer.

•"^si pikand, The city of Samarkand.

O'"*** paifoxwdaw, To join; to collect; to
draw out ; — pai kandan, To hamstring.
pax-hwr, Trackless ; blind.

<t£t*paig, A newsman, messenger.

P&ig&r, Eattle, combat, war ; wish,
design, aim ; — paigdr kardan, To fight.

6)^*-^ J^H paigdr-parastdn, Warriors.

isw- paigar-jay, Eager for combat.

tl^*t> paigdritan, used poetically for —

yU^lS!^ paigarwtdn, A place or city of
combats.

paigdh, Morning, early dawn (see

^^$)>

pega. The country and king of Pegu

(see

pai-gur, The foot or tail of an ass.

J«l pil, An elephant ; the heel ; a purse,
a Bmall bag ; a kuot ; a glandular swelling ;
—pili dh-kash (a water-carrying elephant),
A cloud; — pil afgandan, To overcome; —
pili mfed, A white elephant, met. used as
an honorific title ; — pili mahmud, Name of
the elephant on which the Abyssinian king
Abrahah was riding on his expedition
against Mecca. ; — pili mahmudl-, One of the
elephants brought by Sultan Mahmud
Ghaznawi from Hindustan, especially one
given by him to the poet 'Unsurl loaded
with gold ; — pili mu'allaq dar hawd (an
elephant suspended in the air), A cloud;
— pili hawd'i (airy elephant), A cloud.

f*\A^ pil-ardm, Name of a certain fortress.

y*tf J*> pil-afgan, Elephant-overthrow-
ing.

^if^ J*i amrud, A species of pear.

5**> pildv, Boiled rice and meat.
J*» pil-bar, An elephant-load.

oty* t}s> pil-bdran, A heavy rain.

"N* J-i pU-bald, Of an elephantine sta-
ture ; lofty ; bulky ; a heap of unthreshed
corn.

e)Wl«i pilbdn, Elephant-driver or keeper.

<J\J*> pilbdni, Charge, care of elephants.

*** J*i pd-band, A move in chess, by
which a castle and two pawns support each
other.

{^pil-pd (elephant-foot), Elephantiasis ;
a large cup handed round after dinner ; a
weapon used by the Moors; a beam,

a*Us> pil-pdya, A pillar, a prop.

J**i S*i pil-paikar. Resembling an ele-
phant, of elephantine bulk.

i^*t> pil-tan (elephant-bodied), Large,
bulky ; a horse ; Kustam (the Persian
Hercules).

S*{ ^f^i pilta-peck, (in the language of
clowns) Anything twisted like a wick.

(jjlji-j pil-danddn, Tusk of an ele-
phant ; ivory ; having the tusks of an

elephant ; occasionally it seems to be used
as a proper name.
»') J^i pil-zor, Strong as an elephant.

JflJ p'd-zahra, Powerful as an ele-

phaut.

^r-^pilag, Ivory (see the following).

pilasta. Ivory j cheek ; face ; arm ;
the finger ; goat's leather perfumed, mo-
rocco.

pilsam, Name of Piran's brother
killed by Rustaro ; — pU-sum, Massive silver ;
a dark night.

pllgkosh. Flowers of different
colours, with jagged leaves ; particularly
the iris, or elephant's ears; a large shovel
for removing ashes or rubbish.

pilqan, Fat (animal) ; thick.
eXU» pilak, A hoe or small spade ; a kind
of arrow (see *aU-sj belak).

o '- ^H pil-kash, A kind of weapon.
\J"^t> pil-gosh, Variegated iris ; dragon-
wort.

<sVdj£Lo pil-goshak, Sorrel.
J u J*i pil-mal, Trampling under foot.
£/• J*i pil-murc/h (elephant-bird), A
turkey.

jl*> pilft, A wood with which the teeth
are rubbed ; also the fruit called in Arabic
ardk.

pilawd, An apothecary, a druggist.
jV*i pil-wdr, An elephant-load, much ;
like an elephant.

**V*i pitwdya, A swallow.

)<^*> pelawar, A druggist ; a pedlar (see

Q)^*, pelawan, A fine and costly silk.

41*1 pela, Merchandise of an inferior
kind, or small wares, hawked by pedlars ; a
silkworm; the silkworm's cocoon ; a purse ;
a certain medicinal plant ; a button, kuot ;
a blotch rising in the midst of a bubo or
boil ; pus of a sore ; an open champaign
lying between two rivers; the eye-lid; the
hairs of the eye-lid ; the eye ; the head of
an arrow; — pela^binl, pela'i bini, The nos-
trils ; — pela'i danddn, A gum-boil; — pela'i
falak. The expanse of the firmament.

;^*1«> pelawar, A huckster, a petty dealer.

*-> payam, A message ; rumour, fame.

U-j paimd (imp. of paimudan), Measure
thou, &c. ; (in comp.) measuring ; a mea-
surer, weigher.

paimdn, Measuring ; promise,
agreement, compact, convention, treaty,
stipulation, pledge, security, confirmation ;
asseveration, oath, kindred; — paimdn bas-
tan, To form an alliance, to make peace ; —
paimdn shikastan, To break a contract or
promise ; — l ahd u paimdn, Capitulations,
alliances, treaties ; peace.

Sj w*-*H paiman-dih, Who gives a pledge.

(J*-* 1 u^*H paimdn-shikan, A breaker of
faith.

(ji^AijjU-i paimdn-8hikani,Tire-Acli of faith.

I*

( 270 )

yW{ paimdn-farhang, Name of a
certain work replete with prudential and
political maxims, ascribed to Mah-abad, an
early apostle sent to Persia.

J^fc)^ paimdn-gusil, Who breaks his
word or covenant .

)) paimdn-war, A covenanter; one
who keeps to his compact.

a ^*H paimdna, A cup, goblet, bowl ; a
measure either for dry or wet goods ; a
bushel ; — paimdna' dshdmidan (Jt&wurdan,
zadan, kashldan, noshldan), To drink wine ;
— paimdna-ash pur (lab-rez) skud, His mea-
sure is full, his days are numbered.

sjLs*^ <uU*j paimana-dftdb, A cup bright
as the sua.

ij£ paimdna-kash, Who empties a
goblet.

cr*^ <a '*^ paimdna-kaehi, The emptying
of cups.

t\S aJl*^ paimdna-gdh, A cupboard.

Ju^fssW^ paimdna-gusdr, A quaffer of the
wine-cup.

^Ay <uU»» paimdnak-nosh, A drinker.

(jWs^paiflidy. Measuring; ame&Burer (in
comp. used like U^i paimd, q.v.).

u^Wsj paimdyish, Measure, measure-
ment ; survey, measuring of lands.

y*+H payam-bar, An apostle.

Qjj*^paimildan(imi>. paimd, paimdy),To
measure; to pass over, traverse; measur-
ing; — bdda paimudan, To quaff wine; — rah
paimudan, To travel; to direct.

'•V-H paimudah, Measured; dimensions;
a draught of wine ; a trifle ; an iniquitous
thing; anything estimated beyond its size
or worth ; — paimuda shudan, To be mea-
sured.

**>*«t paimuna, = q.v,

pindsak, A window (see ^A-U^).
<«i^ paindk, Sinewy.
U^ei plnaki, and —

ij>>*i plnagl, Slumber; — plnagi kardan,
To slumber.

i^-'ni pinagUrasida, Sleepy.

0) pinagi-zan, ptnagi-

mnanda, Slumbering.

^plnu, ^y^i pimk, New cheese, cream-
cheese ; butter-milk; anything eaten with
bread.

^y«{ pinuwd,\jfi^i pinuwa, Sour-milk pot-
tage.

&e?j*i pinu'in, A dish prepared with
sour milk dried.

4s*l pina, A piece, clout, patch (of cloth) ;
the skin of the hand or foot grown hard
from labour ; the arm ; hair in the arm-
pit ; the matuh of a lamp, wick of a candle,
a gunner's lint-stock, or anything of that
kind ; — piTta-xadan, To mend clothes.

^jj ij^a pina-doz, A patcher, botcher.

}H pay&u, A brick-bat ; a moth ; — payo, A
kind of disease which breaks out in the
limbs in the form of a thread, a disease

to which the natives ui' Lar arc subject;—
puyu, A brick-bat ; twin brother.

}\jtipexvdr, Ten thousand (see j\jo»).

)\je> plwdz, A bat.

fi >j«i paiwazha, A loose vest, a wrapper.

piwdsta, A fortress ; a bastion ;
breastwork on the outside of fortified
towns.

Wfe> y piyo8, Hope, expectation.

y^^-^H piyosdnidan, To give hope.

"""■jst paiwast, Conjunction, coherence;
arrival, meeting, union; union with the
Supreme Spirit ; friendship ; continual ;
continually ; — paiwast kardan, To entwine,
to interlace.

t)^ s *"j*£ paiwastagdn, Animals; vege-
tables ; minerals.

l _ s £*-jH paiwastagi, Continuity, conjunc-
tion ; union, junction.

i^'fai paiwastan, To join, fasten, tie,
bind, connect, attach ; to graft a tree ; to
be joined, attached, linked ; — ba-jiwdri rah-
mati ghtxfur (haqq) paiwastan, ba-rahmali
ezidl paiwastan, To be joined to divine
mercy (i.e. to die) ; — ba.-wu,zuh paiwagtan,
To become evident, to be demonstrated.

is-j*> paiwasta, Joined ; contiguous, ad-
jacent, touching, sticking close ; continually,
without interruption, one following another
perpetually ; unable to speak for weeping ;
poetry ; — paywasta'i ikhtitdm budan, To be
brought to a conclusion ; — paiwasta shudan,
To be joined, connected; to arrive, to
meet.

^ ^jUpaywasta-abru, j}> te-yjpaiwasta-
baru, One whose eye-brows meet.

^ ^fsi paywastagari, Union, concord.

<jJt*-fH payusidan, puyusidan-, To hope,
to expect ; — puyusidan, and —

^^•ftH,puyushMan, To humiliate oneself;
to be sad, to mourn.

i4)j*> piyuk, Guinea-worm (Filaria medi-
nensis).

cjSy-i payavg, payug, A bride.

t)^f? payugdn, A bridegroom, a bride.

tJ^J-i payug&ni, Nuptials.

JJje» paiwand, Bound, fastened; touching,
reaching, tending towards, belonging to ; a
member ; a joint ; connection, conjunction
(and in general whatever joins things to-
gether) ; kindred, relations, allies ; — pai-
wandi ustukhwdn, Articulation, joint of
bones ; — paiwandi angusht, A knuckle ; —
paiwandi bekM angushtdn, The knuckle at
the root of the fingers ; — paiwandi pay,
The ankle (in a man), the pastern (in a
horse) ; — paiwandi- dast, The wrist ; — pai-
wandi sar-dast, The wrist (in a man), the
pastern (in a horse) ; — paiwandi kdf u nun,
The junction of >s! and y , i.e. the word ^
kun, Be ! the creative word, divine decree ;
—paiwand kardan, To join ; to copulate j
to graft ; — paiwandi maryam, The Mahaleb
cherry (Prunus mahaleb).

( 271 ) ^ly

ft)X>^>Mfsj paiwanddnldan, To make unite.
aSj-o paiwand-pazirufta, Set (bro-
ken bone) ; joined, mended, repaired.
Jjyi paiwand'/chwurda, Joined.

Hps paiivand'ddr, Anything joined,
connected.

ft paiwand-kdr, A patchei 1 , cobbler.

isft Mjgi paiwand-lcdri, Patching ; graft.

ylSAi^j) paiwandagdn (pi. of paiwanda),
Animals (opp. to plants).

itf-tfj** paiwand-gdh, The place of join-
ing, a joint; — paiwand-gahi mueht, The
wrist.

^jS paiwand-garl, Joining; making
acompact ; agreement.

6)'* J J*J paiwandan, To join, lie, connect.

ij^jH paiwandl, Engrafted.

'j*v J 3 *'"' a , A moth (see j*» beyo).

^tfpuyoy, Nuptials (see y# bayo).

a*j pih, Fat, grease, tallow; pith; pride,
arrogance ; balang, Orange or lemon

pulp ; — pih chashmi o-rd girifta ad (chashm-
a»h pih dwarda aet), He has lost his sight ;
— pihi khuk. Bacon fat ; — pihi subh, The
brightness of morning; — pih kardan, To
grow stout ; — pihi gauhar, The lustre of a
yem, precious stone, or pearl ;] — paya, A
follower ; accident (in opp. to substance).

'^jvH pih-zada, Name of a herb.

)y pih-sox, A kind of lamp in the
shape of a platter, three feet in height
from the base, and about six inches diame-
ter at the top, having in the middle a small
tube with two holes, through which the
wick is fed by the oil or grease, kept in a
state of constant liquefaction by the flame ;
a, travelling-case for a candle, which, by the
inversion of the top, serves also the purpose
of a candlestick.

(jiJjli i~> plh-qdwandl, An oily extract
from a certain nut, good for a cough.

<j> — pih-Mst, Name of a medicine
(Nux vomica ?).

<^ &~>,pihndk, Fat, obese.

u^* 4 «i pihndhi, Fatness, obesity.

I^i paikam, Quickly, successively ; thick.

y^paiha, A leech, bloodsucker.

C) J jf(*> paihiidan, To singe.

iJ JJtH pihwarda, A messenger.

(called td'i qaratkat or td'i musann&ti
fauqdrti, td doubly dotted above), the fourth
letter of the Arabic-Persian alphabet, inter-
changeable with i±> _s, *> d, j z, and k t, and
denoting 400 in arithmetic ; affixed to a
noun, by means of an intervening fat ha, it
stands for f tu, Thou (expressing the geni-
tive or possessive case), and in the same

manner, joined to a verb, or sometimes to a
preposition, it stands for \y turd, Thee or
to thee, for which see Grammar,

^ td (S. tdtcat, Pr. td), To, unto, until, as
far as, as long as, whilst, even to ; to the
end that, in such a manner that, in order
that, so that ; before, ere, as soon as ; since ;
beware! behold! for shame! never; — td an
jd, Thitherto, so far ; — td in jd, Hitherto,
thus far ; — td ba-ahn.un, Until now ; — td ba-
hdl, Up to the present ; to this day ; before
(m.c.) ; — td ba-mt, While life remains ; —
td ba-hujd, How far? — td ba-kai, How long?
how much? till what time ? to what length
then ? — td jdn (id khun, td qatl, td kushtan,
td murdan) ham-rdh budan. To persecute
one with deadly enmity; — td chand bar,
How often ? how many times ? — td chunin,
Hitherto, thus far; — td chih rasad, So much
the more (m.c.) ; — td hdl, Yet, hitherto; —
td ki, Until, so that, so long; — td kai, How
long? — td na bas (td na bas dir, td na bas
ro«-gdr, td na, bas muddat), Not for long,
for a short time; — td ham, Yet, neverthe-
less; — tdhanuz, Yet, still, hitherto ; — td yah
sd'ati digar, In an hour's time (m.c.) ; —
bad-dn td chun. So that (he might see)
how ; — ki td chun, How.

td, A fold, plait, or ply ; single ; a
single sheet of paper ; a unit [in this sense
it follows numerals, to denote so many
pieces, persons, parts, &c, as, bdduri dah
last, nuh td-sh girikhtan ast, yaki peshi
chashm naydmadan, Bravery consists of ten
parts : nine parts of it are to run away, and
one not to come in sight (m.c.) ; — harchahdr
td'i man, All four of us (m.c.)] ; like, re-
sembling ; a half-load; the form or cut of
a garment; (for tar) a warp; the string of
a lute ; — yak td. Simple or single; — du td,
Double ; two-fold ; — sih td, Triple ; three-
fold.

& td', A milch cow.

s- 1 ^ tab, Heat, warmth, burning, inflaming,
illuminating ; light, splendour, lustre, ra-
diance ; a ray ; strength, power, ability ; a
waving, bending, twisting, intertwining ; a
curling lock, waving ringlet ; pain, torment ;
affliction, grief ; anger, indignation, wrath ;
heaiediron; the people of the world (un-
supported by examples) ; (for td bo) as far
as; (in composition) shining, irradiating,
kindling, burning ; twisting, folding ; — tab
dddan, To inflame ; to polish ; to sharpen,
give an edge; to twist; to spin; — tab bas
dddan, To untwist.

^> tdbd (for tdbah), A frying-pan ; a tile ;
(in Zand and Pazand) gold

s->V» tdb-afgan, Casting forth flames.

jW^' tdbdq, The stick of a religious men-
dicant (see J^).

•*W> tdbdk, The trunk of a tree.

tabdn, Light, luminous, resplendent,
radiant, dazzling, brilliant, shining, glitter-

( 272 )

ing ; a gleam, flash ; pith of a tree ; — t&bdn
htidan, To be luminous.

t&buni, Splendour, light.

yji^U tdbdndan, ^a^U tdbdnldan, To
cause to twist.

aA=^ tab-jchana, A hot-house ; a winter
habitation ; a warm bath ; summer quar-
ters ; a house entirely glazed.

4^a>U tab-dada, Inflaming ; inflamed ;
twisted ; spun.

j\aj\5 tab-dar, Warm, hot, ardent, fervent,
burning ; shining, luminous, bright, bril-
liant ; waving, curling ; twisted.

tdbddn, A stove in a bath ; a forge ;
a chimney ; a window ; a skylight ; a globe.

tab-dih, Giving splendour; a rape-
maker ; a spinner.

tab-gar, An elevated window (doubt-
ful word).

yUwjU tdbistdn, Summer ; hot weather.
ajU-^U tabistana dddan^o give wages
for the summer.

^Ix—j'lJ tabistani. Summer-like ; estival ;
a summer or country house ; the delight-
fulness of the summer ; — tdbistdni Jtardan,
To summer, to pass the summer.

4—i\S tdbam, A meadow abounding in pas-
ture and water.

(j^>Vsf tdbish, Splendour, brilliancy ; heat ;
power, strength ; grief, sorrow ; contortion ;
a twisting ; declivity ; a span.

yU^U tdbuhdn, A kind of coif, with a
lappet hanging down (see yUJl>) ; (for
tdbi-eshdn), Their warmth, their heat, Ac.

a 1**1* ta'abbata sharrati (he carried de-
struction under his arm), Surname of the
warrior-poet Thabit bin Jabir ; (met.) a
brave, fearless mau.

a ut4\lp tab faqat, Power, ability.

a tdbi', tdbi'i, A follower, depen-
dant ; one who has Been any of the asso-
ciates of Muhammad, who are called ashab.

a tdbi'in, pi. of the preceding.

Sjji s->U tab-Jcarda, Heated, warmed.

A Ji^ idbal, tdbil, Herbs or spiceries with
which they season meat.

»t)U*to> tdbndk, Bright, shinin g, resplendent,
radiant, glittering, brilliant, luminous, illu-
minating, fiery; passionate, choleric ; mixed,
intricate.

^yJJiAjlS iabandagi, Lustre, luminousness.
a u^ytt idbai, Jy^f tdbud, A coffin, bier; a
wooden box ,- the ark of the covenant ; a
representation of Husain's tomb carried in
procession during the Muharram feasts.

tdbugh, Public apology, confession.
dBfti tabuk, A balcony or projection from
a building.

taba, A frying-pan; a brick; a tile;
— tdba'i zar, The sua ; — tdba'i mdhi, A fish,
first boiled and afterwards fried in oil ; —
tdba'i nuql t A tray with dry fruit, as
almonds, <ftc.

ijW tdba-birydn, Meat fried in a pan.

o*^* tdba-mdhi, — tdba'i mdhi, q.v.
under £»U).

o?^ tdbi, Splendour, brightness ; light,
A «Vsj ta'bid (v.n. 2 of jo\), Making
eternal, giving an endless duration; per-
petuation.

O-M^ tdbidan, To twist, spin; to shine;
to be powerful, strong, or equal to any bur-
den.

a y**"^ ta'bin (v.n. 2 of &\), Reproaching,
reviling to one's face ; disparaging; follow-
ing the steps of another ; speaking in praise
of the dead.

tapdh, Disquietude, restlessness,

anger.

J^l? tdpdl, ytyj tapdn, Trunk of a tree ;
cow-dung ; a tall stature ; a wing.

fj* tdpu, An earthen vessel for baking
bread.

tdpa, Cow-dung.
j<H^ tapir, Tapir (m.c).

tat (for \j>^J td-turd), Until thee, till
to thee ; an arrow with a blunted head used
for practice.

a ^ lata, Impediment in the speech.
tdtdr, A Tartar ; Tartary ; a courier
(m.c.) ; — tdtdri bdd-raftdr, Tartars swift as
the wind.

t j\;Vf } \s\s tatar-hdzdr, A town in Thrace.
tdtdri, Scythian, Tartaric ; a kind
of slashed doublet open at the sides, usually
worn by the Tartars ; fine musk ; an agree-
able friend (male or female).

ssAjjUU tdidrik, A ring-dove.

tdtili, A napkin, table-cloth, towel.

jito tdtu, A certain insect bred in baths.

i)j>\s tdtura, Fetters for horses ; the thorn-
apple (see *>yW).

Jyl? tdtiil, Wry-mouthed ; fetid breath.

<Jy^ tatula, The thorn-apple.

tatiyU tdtaunrik. Decrepit old man ; union.

a ta'attl (v.n. 5 of J>\), Preparing

for anything; being easily despatched (busi-
ness) ; coming to ask a favour; being kind,
friendly, accommodating.

tdt'md, A species of kite.

a / C \S ta'ssur (v.n. 5 of y\), Treading in
the steps of ; receiving an impression ;
impression ; penetration.

A j>"v ta'assul (v.n. 5 of Jfl), Taking
root ; amassing wealth ; digging a well.

A ta'assum (v.n. 5 of /tS\), Abstain,
ing from, repenting of, sin ; regarding one-
self as a sinner.

a.jJ'M ta'slr (v.n. 2 of f\), Making an im-
pression ; leaving a mark ; affecting, in-
fluencing; impression, effect; penetration;
— tadblri nud-ta'str, Persuasive council.

A ta'sirdt (pi. of the preceding),

Impressions ; the penetrating influences of
of the stars.

a JjTl; ta'sil (v.n. 2 of Jtt), Causing to
take root ; strengthening ; being firm.

( 273 )

ill

A fe»*tt rfa'smi (y.n. 2 of ,»>!), Charging,
accusing, convicting of crime.
_ tdj (O.P. taka), A crown, diadem : a
high-crowned cap ; a crest, tuft, plume j the
comb of a bird ;—taju 'l-muluk, Monk's-
hood (Aconitum napellus) ; — tdji khuros
(dih), A cock's comb; the amaranth; the
herb staves-acre ; drop-wort ; pipe- weed ; —
tdji danddn, The crown of a tooth ;—tdji
sa'ddn, The planet Saturn; — tdji eham',
The flame of a candle ;— tdji firoza, The
sky ; the crown of Kay Khusrav ; — tdji
kaydm, A royal crown ; — tdji Jcai khu&rav,
The sun ; — taji gardiin, The sun ; — taji gul,
A wreath of flowers ; — tdji mafkhirat, A
crown of glory ; — tdji muqawwd, A crown
of card-board, a paper crown ; — tdji hiidhud,
The crest of the powit,

u 1 **^ tdj-bakhsh, Distributing crowns ;
a maker of kings (applied to Eustam).

6^ tdj-barsam (?), A contrivance by
which the good or bad quality of food is
ascertained.

t&j-posh, A cock's comb ; the hoo-
poe or pewit.

6^ tdj-tdsh, The possessor of a crown,
a great, lord.

41 ^ tdj-khdna, The place where the
crown is kept.

4 V" 8^ taj-khwdh, Who is eager for
crowns, a powerful king.

tdj-ddr, Wearing a crown ; a king,
sovereign, crowned head ; a keeper of the
crown ; a jewel-house.

(4jWV? taj-dari. Royal ; royal dignity.

* J idj-dih, The bestower of a crown,
of royal dignity.

a fr^ tdjir, A merchant ; trader ; clever,
acute, expeditious, and adroit in business ;
—also Sj^lf tdjirat, (A she-camel) sought
after and finding a ready sale in the market.

<$\ff$ injur an, An interpreter.

lsJ^ t&jiri, Commercial (m.c).

iS)if*$ tajrm, Felon-wort (Solanum
miniiitum).

tdjdk, A little crown ; a crest, a
bird's comb ; — tajik, One not an Ara.b or
Turk ; a Persian ; one of Arabian origin
brought up in Persia.

l J^ i tajakl, tdjiki, A garment worn at
Tabriz.

tdj-gdh, The place where a crown

is kept.

( _j J \iS' gU' tdj-guzdri, Coronation (m.c).
tdjiear, Wearing a crown, crowned ;
worthy of a crown.

tdja, A cock's comb ; a female head-
gear.

tajik, A slave who has redeemed
himself and tills the ground; term of abuse
(m.c).

a ta'jil (v.n. 2 of J*i), Delaying,

putting off ; reprieving ; curing, applying a
remedy.

±>t ^» td ekand. How many ? by how much ?
j\l Ato. \s td chand bar, How oft? how many
times?

a J\<>- V? td hdl, Hitherto, until this mo-
ment.

a ^ td had, ^J*- l» td hade, So far as.

a Jo- \s ta'ahhttd (v.n. 5 of Uniting,
becoming one.

fct' tafch, A certain tree, fit only for fuel.

<ji^s tdkht, Spoil, plunder, prey ; assault ;
invasion ; — tdkht dwardan, To assail, charge
(an enemy).

g^tf u^u\s tdkM-tdrdj, Assault, plunder.

i^i^S tdkhtan (S. tak, tanch; imp. tdz),
To hasten, walk fast, run ; to rush upon, to
assault ; to pursue, hunt, chase ; to urge,
force, put to the gallop ; to twist, spin ; to
bend, render curved or convex ; to break
out in an orbicular tumour upon the body ;
to contend, dispute, or wager ; to bore ; to
spread, diffuse, pour out, pour in ; — tdkhtan
kardan, To attack, to assail ; — birun tdkjitan,
To break forth ; to expel.

lm s>J*~^ tdkhtani, A canter ; race j a post-
horse.

j\J j <j*&\s tdkht u t&z, Assault ; plunder ;
— tdkht u tax kardan, To make an inroad,
a hostile irruption.

tdkjita, Twisted ; running, run ; put
to full speed ; poured out.

Aji*V> ta'a khkh ur (v.n. 5 of Remain-
ing behind; delay.

a ta'khir (v.n. 2 of f~\), Delaying,
procrastinating, postponing; delay, impedi-
ment ; — ta'khiri buruzi tarns, Retardation
of the (first) menses ; — ta'khir kardan, To
delay ; — dar tdkhlr anddkhtan, To throw
back, delay, postpone (m.c).

lij-tlJ tdkhlra, Fate, destiny ; portion, for-
tune ; origin, first condition ; — tdkhira'i
fuldn hamchunin bud, The destiny of So and
So was in such a manner.

A s-" 1 "^ ta'addub (v.n. 5 of V^), Being
instructed (in literature, politeness, and
good manners) ; instruction, iustitution,
discipline.

a ta'addl (v.n. 5 of Paying ;

coming with, bringing.

a w-j^' ta'dlb (v.n. 2 of s^), Teaching
good manners ; correcting, chastising ; dis-
cipline,correction, amendment, chastisement;
erudition ; — ta'dib kardan, To instruct, ren-
der learned or polite ; to chastise ; to teach
good manners.

a «wUj^ ta'dibdt (pi. of the preceding),
Instructions, &c

a ijj'^J ta'diyat (v.n. 2 of <j^), Causing
to arrive ; sending, despatching, bringing.

a yo'W ta'azzun (v.n. 5 of Giving
certain information ; making known ; pro-
claiming, promulgating.

a ^gj'u ta'azzl (v.n. 5 of <s^), Being in-
jured.

a (M&t ta'zln (v.n. 2 of Q»il), Rubbing the

35

( 274 )

ear ; making a latchet for a shoe ; giving
leave or permission ; calling to prayer.

ft tdr, Top, summit, vertex, pinnacle, head
or higher part of anything; the warp of a
web in the loom, i.e. the threads stretched
lengthwise ; the string of a musical instru-
ment ; a thread ; a wire ; a curl ; dark, ob-
scure ; a bit, a piece ; a species of palm-
tree from which an intoxicating liquor
(toddy) is extracted ; — tari barql, The elec-
tric telegraph (m.c.) ;—tdri bam, A bass
cord ; — tdr tar kardan, To disentangle ; —
tari 'ankabut, A spider's web ; — tar u pud,
"Warp and woof.

\ft tdra (S. tar a), A star; the pupil of
the eye.

tdrdb, A village near Bokhara.

^Aft tarat (for ^ft q.v ), Spoil, plunder ;
inroad ; plundering expedition ; separation.

a <**\ft tar at (pi. of ift tarat), Times,
turns.

ft ft tdrdj, Spoil, plunder, sack ; — tdrdj u
yaghma kardan, To plunder and sack.

t\S tfft tdrdj-gdh, Place of a hostile inva-
sion.

j&Aft tdrdjgar,A spoiler, pillager, robber.
tdrds, A bringing under subjec-
tion.
<$\ft tdrdn, Dark.

o*5i ft tar-putt, Embroidery (doubtful
word; should perhaps be ^jift tdr-ptidi) .

x ift tarat, A time, turn ; once, one time ;
sometimes.

ft ft tar-tar, Piecemeal; to atoms; very
dark.

ift ft tar-taii, A weaver ; silkworm ; spider.

i«U» jl» tdr-tanak, A spider.

tfft tdrtur, Piecemeal ; hard ; dark.

Myzft tdr-choba. Asparagus.

a tft tarah, Terah, Abraham's father.

tft tdrukh, tdrakji, Name of Azar, an
idol-sculptor ; name of Abraham's father.

dft tdrah, The top, the crown of the
head ; a helmet ; the head of a lanue or
spear ; a little hill, a heap ; giddiness.

a dft tdrik, A leaver, a forsaker, a de-
serter; — tdriku 'd-dunyd, One who abandons
the world ; abstinent, sober, chaste ; an
anchorite, a hermit ; — tdrik kardan, To
abandon.

a <+»i\ u£ft tdrik-adab, Unmannerly, ill-
bred.

tjftft tdr-kdn, Filigree-work.
\J-*ft tdr-kash, A wire-drawer.
i^M &>ft tdrdk-nishm, Who sits on the
summit.

tdran, Name of a city whose inhabi-
tants are renowned for their comeliness.

£-*ft tar-megh, A dense fog, a wintry
mist.

t&ft tdrang, — ti&ft q.v.
jft tdru, A tick or louse infesting cattle.
Jjt ) J* tar u pur, probably misreading
for—

,)f i P w tUT) Very dark ; in pieces,
piecemeal, to atoms.

ft* } ft tar u mar, } ft tar u mat,
Scattered ; destroyed ; topsy-turvy, in con-
fusion,

Q)ft tarun, Dark.

tft tdra, The crown of the head ; a cupola ;
a lute-string ; obscure, dark ; the warp of
cloth; the tongue of a balance; a bucket ;
a wooden building of a circular form.

isft tdri, Darkness, obscurity ; dark ; a
liquor exuding from a certain tree ; toddy ;
— tare, A single thread or wire.

A (tf\i ta'rikh (v.n. 2 of £>!), Dating (a
letter) ; date, era, epoch ; day (of the
month) ; history, chronicle ; book of annals
chronogram (by the letters of the abjad)
a calendar ; — ta'riMii igkandari, The era of
Alexander, commencing 312 years before
Christ; — ta'rikhu 'l-hijrat, The era of the
Hijrat or flight ; — ta'rikhi Jaldll, The era
of Jalalu' d-din, beginning in the year 1079
of the Christian era ; — ta'rikhi ruml, The era
of Alexander ;— ta'rF£4«*' sh-shuhadd', The
era of the martyrs under Diocletian in the
year 284; — ta'rikjd qibtl, The Coptic era,
i.e. the era of the martyrs ; — ta'rikhi yazda-
jird, The era of Yazdajird, the last monarch
of the Sassanian dynasty, instituted in the
year 632 of the Christian era.

a ta'rikh-ddr, A chronologer;

daily.

a £tf^ ta'ri/cA-ndma, A periodical ;
— ta'rikk-ndma'i fibbi, A medical journal.

a ij&ft tarlkhi, A chronologist, a chroni-
cler.

a «j»/Vf ta'riq (v.n. 2 of Rendering
sleepless.

vAift tdrik, Dark ; obscure, cloudy.
e)W niift tdrik-jdn, Benighted ; depraved.
taVi'u tdrik-chashm, Short-sighted.
<Atft tdrik-chihr,Ot dark face (night).
o\±£tft tdrik-ddn, A dark place; dark-
ness.

Jj <Afft tdrik-dil, Benighted ; depraved.
}) mkft tdrik-ru, Dark-faced, gloomy-
looking.

jjy *&ift tdrik -roz, Whose days are
blighted, whose fortune is obscured.

^ft tarlkl, Darkness, obscurity.

gift tdrm, Dark, obscure ; the juice of a
cerfain tree called toddy.

ft tax (imp. of tdkhtan), Hasten thou,
Ac; a greyhound; ignoble, base; a be-
loved object ; a beardless youth ; especially
one who behaves himself unseemly and
talks indecently ; (in comp.) running, has-
tening, making an assault.

U\ft tdzdna (for idziydna), A lash, whip;
correction.

yA-rtjU taaanldan, To cause to run at.

ft ft tan-ban, Playing with boys; a pede-
rast.

J*ft tdstiah, A running here and there.

)\S ( 275 )

dfi tdzik, An Arab's son reared in Persia.
tdzakdn(?), Belovel objects (pi. of
jii q.v.).

^p tdzagl, Freshness, youthfulness ;
novelty ; plumpness, fatness.

SAijU tdzanda, Running, making haste.

>s&jti tdzang, A column or pilaster of
stone and mortar.

ifi tarn, Fresh ; young ; new, recent ;
raw ; — tdtsa bud. Is there any news ? aught
fresh? (m.c.) ; — tdza baiza, A fresh egg ; —
tdza ahudan, To be tender and fresh ; — tdza
kardan, To make fresh or clean ; to refresh ;
to renew ; — tdza giydshir, The fresh milk-
like juice of a plant.

\j\ ifi tdza-add, Who sings with a fresh
voice, who warbles fresh melodies.

&jU tdza ba-tdza, Fresh and fresh ;
again and again.

tdza-bahdr, Fresh of bloom,
adorned with a new spring (the earth) .

taza-parwaz, Newly fledged ; soar-
ing afresh.

tftyi- s j^' tdza-jawdn, Fresh and youthful.

a ^a. SjU tdza-khidmat, Fresh in ser-
vice.

a lot sfi idza-khat. Whose down is
sprouting.

Jj sjV* taza-dil, Young of heart.

[••> 6jb" laza-dam, up tdza-damdg^,

Good spirits, elasticity ; gifted with such.

te*y> !j\J taza-dokhta. Newly sewn.

o») *P tdzah-ras. New, fresh, lately come.

(4» tdza-ruy, Fresh-faced, florid ;
cheerful, smiling, joyous.

t/y *p tdza-ru'l, Freshness, beauty of
face.

A) *>p tdza-zdd, Newly delivered, having
lately dropped young ones (m.c.}.

))) *p tdza-zor, Embued with fresh
vigour ; very powerful.

a &£- ip tdzasikka t Newly coined, fresh
from the mint.

jt> up tdza-ehav, Fresh ; new, recent.

a )ffi- *p tdza-zuhur, Newly produced.

a pi! ip tdza-qalam, A postcript.

^) ] ^ i J lS taza-kdrl. Freshing up, renewing.

& tdza-kun, Refreshing ; a reviver.

^ sjli" tdza-goy, Fresh in speech ; a new
speaker.

Jly ip tdza-nihal, With fresh shoots,
pushing new branches.

idza-wdrid, A fresh comer.

y j ip tdza, u tar, Fresh and green.

tjp tdz r t (according to some, derived from
tdz, name of a son of Siamak, but more
probably from tdkhtan), Arabic; an Ara-
bian horse; a greyhound; an assault; — ■
— ba-tdzi, In Arabic.

g\ip tdziydn, Running ; pursuing ; (pi. of
tdzi) Arabians ; Arabian horses ; hunting
dogs, greyhounds.

&\ip tdziydna, A scourge, lash, whip; —
tddydna khwurdan, To receive a scourging ;

0" w

— tdziydna kardan (zadan), To scourge, to
flog ; — tdziydna ydftan, To be lashed to
death ; — tdziydnahd'i asbahi, Whips in
vented by As bah, a king of Tainan ; — ba-
sari tdziydna giriftan, To conquer without
a stroke of the sword (by the mere force
of an inroad).

jjit isUjtt tdziydnah-khwur, Scourged ;
Whipped.

qJ ^kp tdziydna-ean, A whipper,
scourger.

a^ip tdzi-khdna, A dog-kennel.
V^.p tdzidan, To run ; to wander ; to
make an assault ; to be born ; to set on
fire, to inflame ; to twist ; to bend ; to bore ;
to wager ; to strive ; to suit.

a^t) ^$p tdzi-zabdn, The Arabic language.
jV" ts)^* ta&i-suwar, Mounted on a,u Av&b.
<&*.p tazik, One neither an Arab nor a
Turk ; one of Arab blood bom and brought
up in Persia ; a civilian (opp. to military) ;
the middle classes (see tsWtf).

<>p> <^p tdzi-kdrd, A big butchering
knife.

£ ^p tdzl-go, Speaking Arabic.
•Af ^p tazi-nizhdd, An Arab by birth.
u&a i^p tdzi-hush, Who has the intellect
or sagacity of an Arab.

p tdzh, A tent, pavilion of cotton or
muslin ; delicate ; elegant ; pure ; a whip.

ids (for tdsa), A fainting, restless-
ness, or longing desire to which pregnant
women are subject ; (for tda) a cup,
dish, plate.

tdm, Sorrow, grief, heaviness of

heart.

jjAjlL.U tdsdnidan, yx^L.tf tdsdydnidan,
To strangle (doubtful word).

p tds-bdx, A conjuror; a card-

player (seej^j (j-U*).

a tdsi'. The ninth ; one who makes
nine.

A <-Ju.°\j td'assuf (v.n. 5 of "-4-\), Sigh-
ing, grieving, lamenting, bemoaning, re-
gretting, pining, brooding over affliction ;
grief, regret, repentance ; — ta'assuf khviur-
dan, To sigh.

a '^~^> ta'assufan, With grief, or regret ;
remorsefully.

cs~a*~\5 tdsirnsat (Moorish), An orange.
i*~\5 tdsma, A strap ; hair combed over
the forehead.

t~k> tdsa, Disquietude, anxiety, grief,
restlessness ; a difficulty in breathing ; a
panting from heat or running ; a sob ;
blackness of the face from grief ; the long-
ing of pregnant women.

6j) tdaa-zada, Broken-winded.
6— \ } tdsa wd$a, Disquiet, restlessness.
a ^ s -"^ ta'assl (v.n. 5 of Receiving
comfort ; being patient.

tdsldan, To be sad or afflicted.
a v~s~ c 'x ta'sis (v.n. 2 of J-^), Marking
out a foundation ; laying a foundation ;

( 276 )

J*

founding; (in poetry) a quiescent Alif in
the penultimate of a rhyme ; the employ-
ment of a new word, imparting a different
sense to the word previously used ; — tdsls
nihddan, To lay a foundation, establish, fix,
consolidate.

<J>^ task, A freckle ; a companion, con-
sort, partner in trade; a lord, master,
householder; (for ta o, ta o-ra) until he,
until him or to him ; (for T. J>& q.v.), a
rock, a stone.

tashah, Whey ; fresh butter ; quick.

J£*^» taahkil, A wart.

tagh, A tree, a fire of which will burn
for a long time ; an egg ; name of a fort in
Sistan.

a uto\i lJ td ghayat, Until.

gU~±\j tagiistan, A grove of tagh trees ;
name of a country (see yU-AUs).

u=«" " V.' H > tdahandast, tdgAundast, Draeun-
culus.

tj'jtte tdg&ueh, Diving, submersion (pro-
bably misreading for Jbjtto q.v.).

jj£**to> taftagi, Vexation, fatigue ; distor-
tion.

ifZi'ti tdftan (S. tap \ imp. tab), To set on
fire, burn, inflame, scorch, heat ; to be
warm, hot; to sbine, sparkle, glitter,
dazzle, send forth rays ; to twist ; to bend ;
to crook, render convex ; to curl hair ; to turn
away ; to turn away the face, to decline ; to
be disturbed and vexed ; to sigh ; to bear ;
to be able.

teJti ia/Ya, Turned, bent, averted; twisted;
woven ; shining, sparkling, glittering ; a
garment woven of linen ; a kind of silken
cloth; taffeta; hair, thread, or anything
similar capable of being plated, twisted,
or curled ; heated, inflamed ; sad, afflicted,
disturbed ; discomfort, uneasiness.

>£v &*i\5 tdfta-jigar, Hectic ; in love.

jW— *'»> tdfisydr, jV^U tdfiydr, Name of a
herb resembling fennel.

u iV '* >l> tdfashah, A ship-worm, wood-
louse.

a ail* tajik, A trifle; a little ; few.
jtt tdq, A tree, a fire of which will burn
for seven days.

^ tdk, The tendril of a vine ; the vine.
^ ta kujd, How far ? whither ? how

long?

CjU-i't) taleistan, A vineyard (m.c).

v>j£l> takub, Name of a remedy against
bites of animals.

t> ta kai, Whither? to what length ?
how long ?

A j^-\s ta'hld (v.n. 2 of s£\), Strengthen-
ing, satisfying, confirming, corroborating ;
corroboration ; stress, emphasis ; order, in-
junction ; reminder ; pressure, compulsion ;
strict supervision.

a "iJkeSHl ta'hidan, Strongly; diligently.

up^AeSU tdkiddt (pi. of tdkid), Formal re-
commendations.

a tdJcidl, Corroborative ; urgent,

pressing; emphatic, positive, peremptory,
categorical.

h tdl, The fan palmyra- tree, the leaves
of which are used to write on with an iron
style ; copper ; a dish of silver or brass ; a
sort of cymbal of bell-metal played with a
stick ; a pond.

tdldb, A pond.

e215 tdldj, Clamour, tumult, turmoil (see

■»).

jJ^ idldr, A bed-chamber or saloon, built
of wood and supported by four columns ;
a throne ; (for tdldb) a pond, a reservoir ; —
talari bdl, A ball-room (m.c.) ; — tdldri saldm,
A reception-room (m.c.) ; — talari eiipa,
Supper-mom (m.c).

tdldsh, A voice, clamour, tumult;
flame; search (see and

<v)S^ tdldn, Depredation, plunder, pillage.

«skSlj tdldnak, An apricot.

iiSU' tdldna, A fruit resembling a peach.

utJU; tdlat, An armourer.

a tdlid, Wealth inherited from one's
ancestors ; cattle bred at the owner's
home.

yU-te tdlisdn, y^^' tdlishdn, A kind of
coif wreathed round the head, with a lappet
or sash hanging down,

a jofi-JU* tdlisqir, j-JUJVi tdlisiqlr, The
seed of nasturtium.

(jill? tdlish, Name of a people in Gilan ;
the feathers of an arrow ; — tdlish u dailam,
Two towns neighbouring each other and
celebrated for the beauty of their maidens.

a Uite ta'alluf ( v.n. 5 of Finding to

be suitable and agreeing with ; speaking
kindly and soothingly ; affection.

A Jl*l» ta'alluq (v.n. 5 of jtt), Flashing,
glittering, gleaming (lightning).

,ji5^ tdlki, ,J&> tdlgi, Wild coriander.

a ta'allum (v.n. 5 of Suffering
pain; grief, torment, sorrow, melancholy.

4JU Jill? to! allum-Tchdna, A hospital.

t£*yt tdlmin (in Zand and Pazand), A fox.

i-Aj)l> tdlwdsa, Perturbation; disquietude,
restlessness ; inclination, desire.

JU } tdl-u-mdl, Dispersed ; piece-
meal.

a d*V> ta'alluh (v.n. 5 of ^\), Worship-
ping, paying adoration; being devout and
pious.

A ij'v tali, The fourth horse in a race ;
an old man, a religious chief ; a follower.

yj^ilJ tdliddn, To cry (like a fowl that is
caught, or a boy that is whipped), to
weep (perhaps misreading for cjaJu q.v.) ;
to sack, spoil, pillage (unsupported by
examples).

a .-ji-inj ta'lif (v.n. 2 of <-*N), Makiug,
completing, or becoming one thousand ;
joining, uniting ; connecting in friendship,
reconciling ; compiling ; compilation ; lite-
rary composition, publication ; — talifi qulub,

J*

( 277 )

The conciliating of hearts ; — tdllfi lifi
sabun, (met.) A combination of incongruous
things.

"^•V iJ* i&li-haramat, Of wonderful
consequences, wonderful (m.c.).

ffc torn, Few ; small ; little ; weak.

a tdmm, Entire, complete, perfect,
full.

h Jj**^ tambul, Betel-leaf.

W» tdmd, A twin (probably corruption
of A. p\f).

ky» tdmir, Rich or abounding in dates.

Aj"'^ ta'ammur (v.n. 5 of )-\), Being set
over as commander ; commanding, bearing
sway.

A J**tf ta'ammul (v.n. 5 of JA), Look-
ing steadfastly (at anything), regarding at-
tentively ; careful consideration, medita-
tion, reflection, thought ; deliberate
action, pausing, hesitation, cautious con-
duct ; scruple, disinclination.

(Jjjjj^U' tdmanlriya, A stone found in
diamond mines (doubtful word).

a i)\y\S tdmwdra, tdmura, A pitcher.

A j}*Ur iamur, Anyone, someone ; any-
thing; soul, spirit, breath; blood.

Jy*^ tamul, Betel-leaf.

a f-**\> ta'mir (v.n. 2 of y\), Appointing
a governor (amir).

y^AS hlmig, The river Thames (m.c. from
Pr. Tamise).

A J***^ ta'tml (v.n. 2 of J~^), Hoping.

A. tfa*^ ta'mln (v.n. 2 of &*\), Baying
Amen.

y^J tan, Tour, yours ; the mouth ; the
inside of the mouth ; (for td an) until that,
or he ; (for tdr) the warp of a web ; sundry
cross threads which are left unwoven ; (for
tawdn) it is possible, one may, &c.

<*ltoi? tdndk, One who, in speaking, fre-
quently pronounces the letter ^ td.

J_)»>^ tambul (S. tdmbUla), Betel-leaf.

■w^> tdnad, He is able ; it is possible.

a ta'annue (v.n. 5 of (j~>\), Ac-

quaintance, familiarity ; becoming domesti-
cated and tame.

»—iU tdnist, He is, or was, able.

utUto tank, A weight of about two ounces.

j^i'S tdngar, j&U tdngii, tdnagu, A barber.

^ tdmm (for tawdnam), I am able;
(for ddnam) I know (doubtful).

aU\J tdmnd (for tawdnand), They are
able.

JyV* t&nul, The environs of the mouth ;
wry -mouthed.

U\l tana, The warp of a web in the
loom.

(jitoi tdni (for tawdni), Thou art able.

a ^"Is ta'anni (v.n. 5 of u^), Waiting,
expecting; delay, procrastination; — ta'anni
kardan, To go slowly, deliberately, or
patiently to work; to conduct business
with care, skill, and industry ; to delay,
dsfeT, hesitate.

a ta'nlb (v-n. 2 of s-H), Chiding

anyone ; treating harshly.

I sS-J'Ai' ta'nis (v.n. 2 of Putting
in the feminine gender; feminine.

y-xy^ tdnidan, To prevail against.

a u~>>'U- fo'refo (v.n. 2 of yrt), Making
familiar, habituating ; taming, domesti-
cating.

j — -jV* tdnisar, A city in Hindustan.
jU-jtf tdnistar (?), The body of the ninth

heaven.

«\? idv (for <a&), Strength, power; heat;
splendour; fever, auguish ; trouble; a curl,
a twist ; (in comp.) twisting ; polishing.

W> tdwd, A frying-pan, skillet.

jfety? taw-d-tdv, Power, strength.

<j)\}^" tawdn, A mulct, fine ; a substitute ;
compensation (m.c.) ; damage, loss ; a
crime, sin, fault, sinfulness ; — tdv'dn an-
ddkhtan, To impose a mulct; — tawdn dddan,
To pay a fine, to expiate.

^> tdwdnd, Power, strength.

6^3 ^\^s tdwdn-xada, Amerced, fined.
tdwdna, A hot-house.

i^xS\^> tiiwdnidan (for tdbanldan], To
cause to twist, &c. ; to cause to roll.

«ete^ tdvtak, Double, two-fold.

£s tav-khdna, A hot-house, conserva-
tory j a bath ; a stove ; a summer residence,
summer quarters for soldiers.

j^Vs tdwar, Accident, contiugeucy.

^UjjU." tdwarmdn, Up and down, above,
below.

SJjyU" tdwarida, Accidental, contingent.
<5~^> tdwasa, Pasture, a watered mead.
J*j\j tdwush, Sound, noise of walking feet.
a ^xi^ ^ td waqte, Till the time, or hour.
<*!}l» tdwak, A young ass ; a bullock.
yjji'jU fac kardan, To heat; to drink
health.

JjIj td-wal, An ass-colt ; an unbroken
steer ; a heifer ; a calf ; — tdml, A blister on
the hand or foot.

a J/U ta'awwul (v.n. of J^), Explaining,
rendering ; interpretation of dreams.

^>yU tdwush, = ^yi' q.v.

t } \3 taioa-, A frying-pan, skillet ; a burnt
brick, a large tile; — pdy-tawa, Baudages
swathed round the feet.

A ta'wlb (v.n. 5 of vj 1 ), Travel-

ling the whole of the day ; celebrating the
praises of God.

y^iji ttiwidan, To twist ; to shine -, to
heat ; to revolve ; to be strong ; to shave.

A Ji/L'i tdwll (v.n. 2 of Jj\), Analysing ;
expounding, commenting upon; explana-
tion, elucidation ; interpretation of dreams ;
turning language from its obvious meaning ;
— tdwll kardan, To explain, comment upon,
interpret, expound.

tto tdh, A plait, fold, ply ; an odd num-
ber; rust; — yak tdh, Single; — da tdh,
double.

a aV> tdh, Negligent, careless.

atf ( 278 ) LJ

a s-* c ^» ta'ahhub (v.n. 5 of s-^), Being
prepared, arranged.

A J**\> ta'ahhul (v.n. 5 of J*^), Marrying
a, wife ; founding a family.

(t*iifa km, Still, yet, nevertheless.

U*!^**> l» hamchunin. Thus far, thus
much.

y&^» faAw, Spirituous liquor ; wine.

toy, Like, resembling ; a garment ;
odd, single, uuit ; number ; a single (piece
or sheet) ; half a load ; fold ; — yak tdy,
Single ; — du tay, Two-fold.

jV>tt tayaq, A stick (of a religious mendi-
cant, see J^ 1 *).

a *-r&s td'ib, Repentant, returning (to
God).

a ejftJ td'iq, Eager, longing for.

taya, A thin thread ; the glossy ap-
pearance of anything fat (unsupported by
examples) ; (for A. kit q.v.) a place for
drying dates, <fcc. ; — tdya'i 'alaq, A drying-
place for hay; a hay-stack (m.c).

a. iS'v td'ih, One who wanders about as
lost ; bewildered.

a Jfc<s>*V» ta'yid (v.n. 2 of J>?.\), Strengthen-
ing, infusing fresh vigour ; corroboration,
confirmation ; assistance, help, support ; a
written voucher ; — bd tdyldi kirdigdr (ildhi),
By the divine assistance.

a ^j^te ta'yldat (pi. of the preceding),
Aids, helps.

t)>ie4^ tdyldan, To resemble, be like unto.

s-J> tab (Z. tafnu), A fever; — tabi ustu*
Jchwdni, Hectic fever ; — tab afsurda shudan,
The fever subsides; — tab burdan {shikas-
tari) , To remove a fever ; — tab bastan, To
allay a fever by spells or incantations (not
by medicine) ; — tabi khafif, General lassi-
tude ; lumbago ; — tab dar ustukjiwdn afgan-
dan, To render hectic; to consume; — tab
ddshtan, To rave, talk incoherently ; — tabi
diqq, Hectic fever ; — tabi rub', Quartan
fever; — tab raftan (birun raftan, rekhtan,
takin shudan, nuhottau), Th.e fe^er sub-
sides ; — tabi tokjda, A burning fever, caus-
ing delirium ; — tabi gfcibb, Tertian fever ; —
tabi larza, Ague ; — tabi muhriq, Ardent
fever ; — tabi muwazaba, Quotidian fever ; —
tabi naubat, Intermittent fever; — tabi yak-
rozz dar miyan, Tertian fever ; — pur tab u
tab, Full of fire and ardour.

a s-» tabb (v.n.), Loss, injury, damage,
detriment, ruin, perdition, destruction.

M tabd (probably for A. \j tabban),
Leave alone ! pass by !

a j**^ tabddur (v.n. 6 of j^), A making
haste ; vying with each other for prece-
dence.

a JjVo tabddul (v.n. 6 of J^), Changing,
transposing; interchange, transfer; permu-
tation.

a Js^M tabddil (pi, of tabdil), Changes,
&c.

tabar, A tribe, family, kindred ; root,

origin ; — shahryari ^dll-tabdr, A monarch of
au illustrious house.

a jW tabar, Ruin, destruction.

a sjjly tabar iza (pi. of tabrlni), Inhabi-
tants of Tabriz.

a tabarvk (v.n. 6 of ^j>), Being
exalted, pure, holy, uudefiled (applied ex-
clusively to God) ; increasing.

«,W tabdra, A bruise, a contusion (doubt-
ful word).

<^«. ; tabari, Daily wages or stipend.

yjkjs-Ljj tabdsldan, To faint from heat.

j~8ilJ tabdshir (S. tvakshira), Sugar of
bamboo; chalk, clay, plaster ; whiteness.

a j«aW> tabdshir (pi. of tabshir), Happy
tidings, agreeable intelligence, good news ;
beginnings, preludes ; break of day ; lines,
furrows upon sand produced by the wind ;
— tabaghlri sabdh, The prelude to the dawn,
the break of day.

a gW>' tibd' (v.n. 3 of g*»), Following,
imitating ; continuation.

A iclfi tabd'at (v.n. of 5^), Following.

idLjf labdk. Fever; name of a man.

A aJVfJ tabdluh (v.n. 6 of al}), Feigning
ignorance or simplicity, pretending to be
ablah,

a <yV tabban, A dealer in straw ; — tubbdn,
Short sailor's breeches.

gSW? tabdnij, A fellow wife (see g>^?)-

irljJ tabdnja, A box, blow, slap ; sort of
food ; a wave of the sea.

jn^r^ tahanjir, y<fr^ tabdnjizh, Name of
a flower.

i^J tabdh, Bad, wicked; spoiled, ruined,
destroyed, laid waste ; useless, incapable of
being turned to account ; rotten (nut) ;
stinking, bad (egg) ; corruption ; destruc-
tion ; a divider, distributor ; — tabdh shudan,
To be spoiled or rotten ; — tabdh kardan, To
kill, destroy, corrupt, spoil, taint, infect.

yAJlfcW' tahdhdnidan, To cause to cor-
rupt or spoil.

<s^W» tabdhcha, Meat stewed down ; fried
eggs ; the dish called <j»\y» qv.

ubw«o &W» tabah-dast, One who bas a wi-
thered, shrivelled, or palsied hand.

j\s sLji tabdh-kdr, j<$ t\*> tabdh-gdr, De-
stroyer, corrupter ; corrupt.

tabdha, Stewed meat ; a light kind
of food made of the egg-plant, with a pre-
paration of sour milk and herbs; eggs,
dressed with meat, vinegar, pepper, and
pulse.

tabdhi, Destroyed, lost, never come
to perfection ; discord ; corruption, destruc-
tion, ruin ; — tabdhi shudan, To be lost (as a
ship at sea) ; — tabdhi kardan, To corrupt.

a tabdhi (v.n. 6 of ^1), Contend-
ing for pre-eminence ; glorying agaiust one
another.

yjkjAW* tabdhidan, To rot, corrupt, spoil.
&oj <_j*W> tabdhi-siada, Ruined ; afflicted.

( 279 )

yAjJ^V tcJbciyanidan, To cause to tremble;
to bore; to warm with afire.

A giW* tabdyu- (v.n. 6 of &t), Selling
from one to another ; dealing, trafficking,
bartering, contracting, bargaining.

A y*^ tabdyun (v.n. 6 of y-?), Being
separate, distinct from each other ; differ-
ence ; opposition, contradiction ; inconsis-
tency ; incommensurability.

SjV; i^s tab-bdda, The trembling, shiver-
ing paroxysm or periodical fit of a fever.

A i*» tibbat, An afflicted condition.

tibit, Soft goat's hair, from which
the finest shawls are made ; — tibbat, tubbat,
Tibet in Tartarv, whence comes the finest
muBk.

A tabbat, May (the hands of Abu
lahab) perish, the opening word of Surah
cxi. ; — tabbati wazhgun, A mode of reading
this Surah backwards, supposed to avert an
impending calamity.

tabattul (v.n. 5 of J*»), Cutting one-
self off from the world.

tibbati, tibti, Musk, or anything be-
longing to Tibet.

A tabtik (v.n. 2 of <^ti), Cutting off

(sheep's ears).

a ^ tabajjuh (v.n. 5 of Rejoicing,
being overjoyed.

a J**w> tabjil (v.n. 2 of Jr.), Extolling,
magnifying ; honouring, showing respect ;
— tabjil kardan, To honour, revere, esteem.

a tabaithur (v.D. 5 of Penetra-
ting in the depths (of science) ; being pro-
foundly learned ; abounding, rolling in
riches.

JUi-J iab-khdl, Pustules breaking out
upon the lips after a fever ; fever-heat.

<0Ue-(j tab-khala, Pustules breaking out
upon the lips after fever ; the thrush ; air-
bubbles in a glass full of wine.

Jt*y alWjjr tab-khala-nosh, A drinker of
bubbling wine.

tabakhtur (v.n. 2 of f=>), Walk-
ing very stately ; a pompous, stately,
jaunty, or graceful carriage j strutting ; in-
clining from side to side in walking.

a ut— st^' tabkhit (v.n. 2 of u-^.), Silen-
cing ; speaking foolishly ; hitting the truth
by mere chance.

A^awJ tabkhir (v.n. 2 of j*".). Perfuming;
fumigation ; — tabkhir kardan, To perfume ;
to fumigate.

■X(J tibid, Soft goat's hair.

a Ja<J tabaddul (v.n. 5 of J^), Being
changed or altered ; change ; receiving one
(thing) in the stead of another.

A Jj.V" tabdil (v.n. 2 of J-M), Changing,
altering, substituting, transposing ; inver-
sion ; modification ; transformation.

a uuSi^ tabdilat (pi. of tabdil), Minis-
terial changes.

a ah-^ tabdildnah, In disguise.

a J>-*-> tabdtli, Transfer (of officials); re-
lief (of a guard).

a tHAjj labdin (v.n. 2 of o^)> Growing
old ; becoming feeble.

a jAjj tabazzur (v.n. 5 j^j), Becoming
yellow, and bad-tasting (water).

a Ji*> tabazzul (v.n. 5 of J^j), Taking no
care of one's clothes, wearing them every
day.

A f.i*> tabz'tr (v.n. 2 of j^i), Disseminating,
scattering; dissipating, spending prodi-
gallv ; sprouting, showing forth (herbs,

F> lobar, A hatchet, axe, or mattock ; —
tibr, tibir, Name of a bird.

A_r>> tabr, Ruin, destruction, perdition ; —
tibr, Gold or silver just from the mine,
before it has felt the fire or the hammer,
/(j tabar-tesha. A pick-axe.

a ©j-J tabarruj (v.n. 5 of e } >), Adorning
oneself ; ostentatious decoration.

yj*- ]+> tabar-khun. The jujube-tree, and
fruit ; a kind of willow ; Brazilian wood ;
Tarragon ; a club.

j^_rt? tabar-ddr, A hatchet-man, pioneer.

a tabarruz (v.n. 5 of j^), Appearing,
coming forth ; being published ; walking
into the fields (to ease nature).

Jyi-> (abar-xad, Rock-salt ; white sugar ;
the aloe; a kind of grape,

yj^j' tabar-zan, Striking with a hatchet ;
a wood-cutter.

tabarza (S. tavaraja), Rock-salt; a
sort of grape ; white sugar ; the aloe.

yij/y tabar-zin, A battle-axe (usually
fixed to the saddle) ; rock-aalt.

(vjU-j*; tabaristdn, The ancient Hyrcania
(see yts-jUi).

a tabarm' (v.n. 5 of £>}), Doing vo-
luntarily what one is not obliged to do;
giving gratis ; doing anything supereroga-
tory.

a AiUj-jj' tabarru'anah, Gratuitously ; su-
pererogatorily.

«£yf> tabrak, A flat dish ; a table (espe-
cially with a high rim or border) ; the top
of a drum ; sieves ; fruit-baskets ; a fort ;
the castle of Isfahan ; — tabaraki dsiyd, A
tool for notching a mill-stone.

a <£y£ tabarruk (v.n. 5 of djt), Looking
for a blessing; taking a good omen, augur-
ing well from ; blessing, benediction ; con-
gratulation ; a portion of presents (or of
what is left of food presented to great men)
given to their dependants ; present to
bribe a judge ; sacred relics ; commutation
for an offering incumbent on a religious
mendicant holding an endowment.

A '^-j' tabarrukan, With the blessing of
God ; as a blessing ; as a sacred relic.

a tabarrukdt (pi. of tabarruk),

Benedictions ; sacred relics ; plenty ; offices,
honours, dignities.

a u^jJ tabarruki, A compliment.

( 280 )

tjAit^ tabarkidan. To slit the hoof or
nail.

y& tdbar-gun, Hollow-backed (horse).

I«\S3 tabar-ligarn, A rein, bridle, bit.

Cp-> tdbram, A great lady, a matron.

a fy£ tabarrum (v.n. 5 of pj>), Being stu-
pefied, wearied, disgusted.

csj** tabri, tubri, Sumach (see ^f 2 ).

a MjJ tabrid (v.n. 2 of Jj>), Cooling, al-
lowing, leaving to cool; refreshing; a cool-
ing and refreshing drink ; a refrigerant; —
tabrid kardan, To cool, to refresh.

jjjv tabriz, tibriz, The capital of Azarbai-
jan (Media) ; — tibriz, A table, a round
piece of leather on which they lay victuals;
a sofa, bench.

a yip? tabriz (v.n. 2 of ft), Causing to
come forth; calling forth, challenging;
bringing to view, showing openly.

tgjiyfi' tabrizi, Of or belonging to Tabriz ;
a poplar- tree.

a <3*j* J tabriq (v.n. 2 of ,3;}), Opening the
eyes, and keeping them fixed upon an ob-
ject.

bjj s-«* tdb-zada, Attacked by fever.
A Jy** iabazzul (v.n. 5 of J)»), Being split,
tabast, Ruined, spoiied ; annihi-
lated ; ugly ; — tabist, A weak or ill-founded
religious doctrine or sect.

^s—* 5 iahasiiiyfi, Eloquent, rhetorical.

tabatta, A fringed carpet (unsup-
ported by examples).

A iabassum (v.n. 5 of f*—)), Smiling ;
a smile, Bi'mper ; — tabaeevmi barq, A flash
of lightning ; — tabagsitm nawudan, To smile.

Beaming with smiles, all
Bright with
tabassnm-

(>~~p tabassvrn-ajshan
tabas8um-2>dsh
smiles.

a ijW (**~*> tabassum-jilwa,
smiies.

a j\j tabasstim-zdr, ^
hada, Abounding in smiles.

— y tabsidan, To have the lips cracked
with heat, to be fainting or uneasy in
sultry weather.

*>x~~.+> tabstda, Cracked with heat.

tabiah, Heat, warmth ; fire ; light.

a (ji-*-!J tabashahuah (v.n. 5 of u*-*), Being
of an open, cheerful, smiling countenance.

lmS ±->> tabghi, A dish with a rim made of
gold, silver, or brass.

_P"*-s J tabshir. Clay, fuller's earth, plaster.

A^-fc^j tabshir (v.n. 2 of y^), Communi-
cating news.

a_j-o*> tabassur (v.n. 5 of y*>), Descrying,
considering with attention ; sight, percep-
tion, attentive consideration ; — tabassur kar-
dan, To give attention.

a yW tabattun (v.n. 5 of t>W), Placing
under the belly ; lining.

A yet** tabtin (v.n. 2 of Lining (a

garment) ; tightening the girth ; making
one's confidant.

A taba' (v.n.), Following; a follower;

-tubba', Title of the Kings of

followers ;
Yaman.

a tabi'at, Punishment, torture; bad
end.

a (jA«*J taba"uz (v.n. of i/«?), Being di-
vided into parts.

a taba'a, A subject ; a person (m.c),

a tab'iyat, A following, imitating,

obeying ; dependence, subjection.

a >V«<j' faft'Tti (v.n. 2 of J*}), Removing,
sending to a distance, causing to go far off.

a ijh**> fab'iz (v.n. 2 of (J>**), Parting,
dividing into portions.

a OA**? tabagjidud (v.n.), Being connected
with or related to Baghdad ; imitating the
manner of the Baghdadians.

a (J*-**** tabg&iz (v.n. 2 <j<**?), Rendering
odious.

tabfoz, jjS-j" tabqoz, The beak of a
bird ; the parts round the mouth or snout;
grief, affliction.

a tabqiyat (v.n. 2 of ^a}), Reserving
a remainder; preserving alive ; sparing.

«*M tabic, The silken fringe of a belt, &c.

t?^»' tibkan, A thorn (doubtful word).

s^yf+J tabkob, — q.v. (probably mis-

reading),

a tabkiyat (v.n, 2 of ^^O, Weeping,
wailing, lamenting; moving to tears; —
fab&It (v.n. 2 of ^£j), Rebuking, upbraid-
ing ; silencing, convicting by proofs.

A j^-fi" tabkir (v.n. 2 of y£j), Doing any-
thing in the morning ; setting out before
daybrtali; making haste.

tsijS <-rJ tab girij'ta, Shaking with ague.

a J~> iabl ( v.n.), Hating, enmity ; destroy,
ing ; depriving of intellect; weakening,
making sick; seasoning with herbs.

J*' tubal, A wrinkle, fold, plait.

tablab, The hull enclosing the date.
tahlCid, A wooden shore for a wall.

A gW> taballuj (v.n. 5 of gl?), Dawning,
breaking forth of the dawn ; shining.

sjjS s-i' tab-larstah, The paroxysm of a
fever ; an ague-fit.

a j^u? tabalwur, Crystallization.

ys-jy^j tablunistan (in Zand and Pii-
zand), To break.

a tabligh (v.n. 2 of £l)), Causing to
arrive, conveying, sending; relaxing the
reins.

y*s tefeww, A. salt-marsh ; barren ground
(doubtful word).

a /o.ft» (v.n.), Feeding with straw
fo'bw, A noble, generous lord or master ; a
capacious bowl ; a wolf ; (also tabn) straw ;
[jibni makk'i, An odoriferous bull-rush ;] —
taban (v.n.), Being sharp, intelligent;—
tabin, Sharp-sighted, intelligent.

W» tabnd (in Zand and Pazand), Straw,

<yU>f tabnOn, tubnan, Trousers, long
drawers (see yW^')-

■x^' taband, Deceit, fraud ; a cheat.
<a6a«iar, The bar of a door.

( 281 )

s *>-f> tabanda, Shining, resplendent.

tabank, tubnak, A crucible ; a mould
iS - ! -f i ' tabanka, A baker's tray ; an oven.
tabang, A large greengrocer's) tray ;
a loud, shrill sound ; a dram,

tabangu, ^^-^J tabangHy, A baker's
tray ; a wicker basket, chest, canister ; a
truss ; a money-till.

a t y*J tabanni (v.n. 5 of Adopting
or calling one son ; adoption.

faJw, Name of a place where there is
a mill, -which is said to have been built
by the prophet Jonas, and to be made to
move or stand still by invoking his name.

A *fi> tabawivu' (v.n. 5 of Taking
possession of, settling, abiding, inhabit-
ing.

^\y*> laburdh, A drum, tabor, tambourine ;
a drum beaten to drive away the birds ; a
baker's or greengrocer's tray; a sieve,
searce ; a robust, handsome youth (the last
meaning doubtful).

tabuli, tabok, A large platter, tray,

dish.

a dy? iabak, A place situated on the
road from Syria to Madina.

>A <^y 3 s-> tab-u-nauba-kMz, Spreading
fevers and agues (m.c.).

a s-sy-i' tabwib (v.n. 2 of vy), Dividing
t& Look) into chapters.

M iabak, Savoury meat, delicately
dressed ; spoiled, destroyed ; a divider, dis-
tributor.

a ts c \) i-i' tabah-ra'y, Of a depraved mind.

&ytt> iabakra, Savoury meat stewed.

;^ i»» tabah-ktir, A criminal, offender.
tabi, A coarsely sewn garment.

ii\>, s-i' tab-yaza, and —

tyi s-i' tab-yaza, A fever, caused by an en-
largement of the spleen.

A tibytin, tabydn (v.n. of (^tf),

Making clear, manifest ; evident ; a declara-
tion, a manifesto,

ti^rt* taUdan, To tremble (unsupported
by examples).

j*<>' taiw, tdbtra, A drum, a kettle-
drum; a tnixen, dunghill.

yj tdbira-tan, A drummer.

a fa&i', A debtor ; a follower ; a calf
one year old and still following the
mother; an assistant ; revengeful.

&>W' tabtka, *W iabila, A baker's tool.

a tabaiyun (v.n. 5 of (.yrf), Being
distinct, manifest, clear.

tabmtt, A spider (see i~^); vomit-
ing, vomit.

a u-oks-j' tabl'at, Following ; dependence ;
follower,

a ^«f>' tabyin (v.n. 2 oi y^), Illustra-
ting, explaining, making clear ; appearing
evident.

tap, Fever, heat, ardour ; perturba-
tion, disquietude, restlessness ; imp. of
tapldan; — tapi diqq, A hectic fever, con-

sumption ; — tapi muda, A bilious fever ; —
tapi kiiuli, A fever that returns every day.

tr*y tapds (W. tapas), Pain and sleepless-
ness inflicted upon oneself ; asceticism,

tapds-bud, An ascetic, a self-
tormentor.

**jy tapdk, Uneasiness, restlessness.

tapdn, Pres. part, of tapldan ; a
hammer to break clods (the latter meaning
doubtful).

*yV tapancha, A blow, box ; a billow,
wave.

y\si^U>' tapdydnidan, To cause to
tremble.

W tapra, A kettle-drum.

fainting-fit from

8 j*> tapra-zan, Who beats the kettle-
drum.

u~> tapish, A swoon,
heat.

«*V tapak, Favour, friendship ; a sledge-
hammer (doubtful) ; — tv-pak, A musket.

T tapakchl, A head accountant ; —

tupakchi, A musketeer, a gunner.

"^j 5 v-* tap-girifta, Feverish.

us^S tapndk, Feverish (place).

Ajj^V tapancha, A box, a slap.
tupank, A crucible.

jj^ th» tapan-koz, A block-head, a fool ;
insensible.

j^V tfa^emfirti, A chest, casket ; a bar-
ber's truss ; a granary, a magazine ; a till ;
a crucible.

tappa, A high hill; frontlet of pearls.

CJJwV tapldan (imp. tap), To be in great
agitation ; to grow hot ; to totter, leap, or
spring ; to stumble ; to palpitate, be rest-
less, uneasy ; to lay a snare.

a tatdbu' (v.n. 6 of &»), Following
in succession.

tatar, A Tartar ; Tartary.

tatdrcha, A kind of arrow or dart.

^s; 1 ^ tatdrt, Tartarian ; Scythian.

A £*s> talabbu' (v.n. 5 of Pursuing,
following ; searching diligently, investiga-
ting, exploring; imitation; continuation.

a m\x*j> tatabbu'dt (pi. of the preceding),
Scientific researches (m.c).

a j& tatar, A Tartar, Scythian; Tar-
tary.

\ys tatrd (in Zand aud Pazand), Summer.

)ty£ tatrabu, tatarbu, tjtfJ tatrabuh, Ele-
gance, gracefulness ; jesting, jocularity,
pleasantry, buffoonery.

i^r'if? tatrunatan (in Zand and Piizaud),
To rain.

«rS» tatra, Drollery, buffoonery, jocula-
rity.

a 2s)£ tatra, Singly, one after another.

ij/j tatrl, tutrJ, Sumach used as a con-
diment; the poppy ; — talari, Tartarian ;
Tartaric; — kuldhi taiari, A Tartarian cap
(worn by great men or by soldiers).

«sl4p» titr'ik, Sumach.

)f£ tatfue, — jj^" q.v.

( 282 )

i>» tutuq, A veil, curtain ; a kind of
net-work in tents for keeping of gnats ;
coats of an onion ; — tutuqi sipihr-giin, A
blue veil ; a saucer made of lapis-lazuli ; —
tutuqi nili, The sky ; a black cloud.

h ^JjZ titili, A species of rue; a remedy
against intermittent fever.

pii tulum, tutm, tatum, Sumach.

Ui» tatmd (in Zand and Paziind), A
bear.

gUa> tutmdj. Thin slices of paste, vermi-
celli.

a tatimmat (pi. tatimmat), Comple-
tion ; an appendix, supplement ; remainder,
balance.

tatmitan (in Zand and Pazand), A

jackal.

a p*+*> tatmlm (v.u. 2 of p), Comple-
ting, accomplishing ; completion, accom-
plishment, consummation.

<Aw> tatnak, A crucible (see utU*> of
which it is perhaps a misreading).

titi, Uinger-bread figures for the
amusement of children; a word used to
entice birds.

a m^~i> tasdbbut (v.n. 5 of Being
fixed, established.

a !=<-i» tasabbut (v.n. 5 of W»), Keeping
back.

a u-w~-2> tasbit (v.n. 2 of <*~f>), Establish-
ing, fixing, making firm, steady,

a tasbit (v.n. 2 W), Hindering, turn-
ing one (from business); occupying,
making busy.

A s-*j3 tasrtb (v.n. 2 of vy), Chiding.

a Jii> tasaqqul (v.n. 5 of Being
heavy.

A w-i^' taiiqib (v.n. 2 of <-!-*»), Piercing 1 ,
perforating repeatedly.

A J*itS <a«gi2 (v.n. 2 of Ja>), Making
heavy.

a fc±~JJi» taslis (v.n. 2 of <^-^), Dividing
into three parts ; trebling; making trian-
gular; triad, trinity; a trine (a propitious
aspect of the planets) ; (in gram.) in-
flecting a consonant with the three vowels.

a 0<+£> tasmtn (v.n. 2 of t>+j), Making
octangular.

A &»la tasniyat (v.n. 2 of t _ y si'), Making
two, doubling; the dual number; dua-
lity.

A s-»y* taswib (v.n. 2 of s^y), Recom-
pensing, rewarding; reil crating, in answer
to the early call to prayers, the phrase
as-saldiu khairun wiu 'n-naum, Prayer is
better than sleep ; returning.

V" tajd, Rough, sharp, cutting.

a J^=r tajddul (v.n. 6 of J-^), Litiga-
ting, quarrelling among themselves.

a tajiizub (v.n. 6 of s-"W), Pulling

one another about.

tajdr, A thoroughbred, unbroken
colt ; a well-paced horse ; in (Zand and Pu-
zaud) travelling ; a traveller.

a _jW* tijdr, tujjar (pi. of t&jir), Mer-
chants.

a ^jW 1 tajdrib (pi. of tajribat), Experi-
ments.

a tijarat (v.n. of fr), Trading;
traffic, trade, commerce; merchandize; —
tijarat kardan, To trade.

5\£j,W: tijarat-gdh, A commercial place
(m.c).

a (jfjW tijdrati, Commercial, mercantile.

*jW tajdra, A colt not yet broken in ; (in
Zand and Pazaud) a traveller (see jWQ-

Aj~W^ tajdsur (v.n. 6 of j) — Raisiug
the head ; carrying it high and insolently ;
domineering; boldness, firmness, intrepi-
dity, temerity.

a tajafi (v.n. 6 of yV), Being sepa-
rated, distant, not touching.

A i-4:Up-' tajdnuf (v.n. 6 of <-*^), Decli-
ning, deviating, leaning.

a JjW^ tajdwuz (v.n. 6 of jj*-), Exceeding,
transgressing (just bounds) ; passiug by ;
forgiving a fault; winking, conniving.

a <-i>jW ; ' tajdwif (pi. of tajwif), Hollows,
caverns; — tajdwifi anf, The nostrils.

a J*W-" tajdhul (v.n. 6 of Jv?-), Pretend-
ing ignorance ; connivance, apathy, indif-
ference ; — tajdhul kardan, To feign igno-
rance, play the simpleton.

a ftsr tajabbur (v.n. 5 of p*>-), Being
haughty, contumacious; puttingforth leaves
(a tree) ; beginning to look fresh (a field
which had been grazed close) ; having one's
broken fortunes repaired ; being restored

health (a sick person); obtaining (wealth).

AjW tajblr (.v.n. 2 of Restoring,
setting (a broken bone) ; repairing the
broken fortune (of a friend) ; supplying the
wants of the poor.

a •'^ tajaddud (v.n. f> of !■».), Being new ;
innovation, novelty.

a •to.scr tajdid, A renewing, a making new ;
renewal ; novelty ; — tajdldi bashara, De-
sq uarnation ; — tajdidi maraz, A relapse; —
tajdidi hawd, Ventilation.

Ay.ir tajdir (v.n. 2 of )■*>>■), Carrying (a
wall) up high ; being attacked by the small-
pox ; putting forth the first rudiments of
fruit (as resembling tubercles or small-
pox) ; rendering worthy.

fr tajar, A winter house ; a storehouse.

a ft* tajr (v.i;.), Trading.

a Aj^r itijribaf, tajriba (v.n. 2 of
Trying, proving; experiment, proof, assay ;
experience ; probation ; — tajriba kardan, To
try, prove, hazard, make an experiment; —
ba-tajriba rasdnidan, To put to the test ;
to experiment with (m.c.).

j\£ sjj** tajriba-Jcdr, Versed in business ;
an experienced agent ; — tajriba-kdrdni roi-
gar, Experienced in worldly affairs.

tajriba-kdri, Experience, prac-
tice.

a ■ij'r tajarrud (v.u. 5 of Being

( 2?

stripped, denuded ; living in solitude ;
celibacy ; giving intense application.

a tajarrud-guxin, Choosing soli-

tude ; renouncing the world.

A tfr tajarrn' (v.n. 5 of g^s-), Drinking
draughts of liquor; quaffiug; — tajarru',
kardan, To sip.

a ^.fr- tajrid (v.n. 2 of -i/c), Stripping,
denuding ; drawing a sword ; divesting of ;
separating (one thing from another) ; sepa-
ration, solitude ; celibacy.

a £>.fr tajrV (v.n. 2 of £r>), Causing to
drink; making one forget (grief, care, or
anger).

A i?)^' tajzi'at, tajziya (v.n. 2 of °\fr),
Dividing, distributing; analysis; — tajziya
kardan, To analyse.

A (j~—=r tajaesus (v.n. 5 of Search-
ing carefully, examining ; curiously prying
into that which God has thought fit to con-
cea! ; exploring, playing the spy ; search,
inquiry, investigation; curiosity, iuquisi-
tiveness ; — tajassus kardan (numudan), To
spy (in.c.) ; to probe (a wound).

a i*-^' tajassum (v.n. 5 of =>-), Choosing
from amongst (other men) ; going directly
to the person or thing itself ; undertaking
a great achievement ; mastering the most
difficult part (of any business) ; ascending
the steepest part of a mountain.

A f .v-r tajsim (v.n. 2 of f»— =*-), Incorpo-
rating, embodying.

a ^JUs^ tijfaf, The armour of a horse ;
also of a soldier.

A i-M=r tajflf (v.n. 2 of >-&*■), Drying
properly (a garment) ; putting on a horse-
cloth that dries up the sweat; casing in
armour (a horse).

a J^M tajaljul (v.n. 2 of Js^L}.), Being
moved, agitated ; agitation, commotion ;
sinking into the ground, becoming depressed
(as a foundation).

A tajallvd (v.n. o of ^), Contending,
grappling; bearing up under difficulties;
sturdiness.

a L5 M tajalli (v.n. 5 of Lustre,
brightness, brilliancy ; manifestation ;
transfiguration; splendour, glory; — tajalli
dddan. To give lustre or brilliancy ; — tajalli
kardan, To illuminate ; to polish, adorn ;
to illustrate, make plain.

a y^- 0 M' tajalli-khez, Rising in splen-
dour.

# u^r tajallt-zCida, Born in brilliancy ;

of illustrious birth.

a j\) tajalli-stir, SJ^ tajalll-kada,
Jr 1 tajalli-gah, A place abounding iu

splendour.

a o^Lj tajalli -qiydmat, Of surpass-
ing brightness or brilliancy (a mistress).

a uwWW-' tajalliydt (pi. of tajalli), Mani-
festations, &c. ; beatific visions.

a J>-M tajlid (v.n. 2 of ±W), Pulling off

) v

the skin (from the body of a slaughtered
camel) ; binding (a book) in leather.

a tajammu' (v.n. 5 of £*v), Being

assembled, flocking from all quarters.

a J* 5 ^ tajammul (v.n. 5 of J*=*-), Dress-
ing, adorning one's person; dignity; reti-
nue, pomp, parade ; splendour, magnifi-
cence ; furniture, conveniences.

a ^>X^ tajammulai (pi. of the preceding),
Movables, household furniture; conve-
niences, articles of luxury.

a tajml' (v.u. 2 of £**), Collecting
with care and diligence ; assembling with
others to Friday prayers (jum'at).

a s—*^ tajannub (v.n. 5 of s—^), Re-
tiring, withdrawing ; declining, avoiding,
shunning; being polluted.

a tajnld (v.n. 2 of Collecting

an army.

a y-*=r tajnlz (v.n. 2 of y^r), Laying (a
corpse) on it hicr.

a u~<.!sr tajnls (v.n. 2 of (j^-), Making
homogeneous; resemblance, analogy ; allite-
ration, jingle of rhymes; pun, play on
words.

A s-"}'?-* fajiib, A section of the tribe of
Hiuiyar, of which was Ibn Muljam, the
assassin of All.

A )fr tajuwivuz (v.n. 5 of }?>■), Passing
by ; forgiving ; slurring over or cutting
short one's prayers; speaking metaphori-
cally .

a jjj=^' tajwid (v.n. 2 of Saying, do-

ing, or making good ; doing well.

A y>)->r tajwiz (v.u. 2 of jW for jyj-), Caus-
ing to go or pass by ; permitting, allowing,
approving; inquiry, investigation; view,
opinion, judgment; estimate; resolution,
decision, sentence ; contrivance, endeavour,
plan ; — tajwiz kardan, To devise ; to
examine, try, prove, seek; to recommend,
to advise.

a ^ytfr tajvnzi, Tried, proved; determined.

a &)*r tajwV (v.n. 2 of £j»), Starving,
famishing (one).

a tajvolf (v.n. 2 of <~iy*-), Hollowing,

making concave.

a u^iif-^ tajwifdt (pi. of the preceding),
Hollows, caverns.

Aysr tajaAhuz (v.n. 5 of jvO, Being
adorned, fitted out, furnished; preparing
or being prepared for anything.

a yt*fr tajhiz (v.n. 2 of ■/&■), Fitting out
(a bride, traveller, <&c.) ; equipping ; adorn-
ing ; furnishing (a funeral) ; carrying to
the grave, burying, burial.

a J-<rr tajhii (v.n. 2 of Jw), Calling one
a fool, charging with ignorance.

a s-^' tujib, A section of the tribe of
Khidah, of -which was Ibn Bishr,the ass.is-
sin of Othman.

; _=s tajir,A screen; acanvas fence (m.c.).

a v>^-" tahdhb (v.n. 6 of C-e-), Loving each
other; mutual love.

( 284 )

A s-i)^ tahdrub (v.n. 6 of s-^), Fighting
together, duelling, waging mutual war.

a J-Uf tahdmd (v.u. 6 of •*—*»-), Envying
one another.

A &s~Xs* tahdsin (pi. of tahain), Beauties.

a ^5*Wi' tcthdshi (v.n. 6 of t^****-), Standing
apart ; taking exception to by pronouncing
hdehd, (God) forbid !

a ^W- 1 tahdhum (v.n. 6 of Going to-

gether to a judge.

a i_4!U* tahdluf (v.n. 6 of <-£l=-), Con-
spiring together, enteric g into an alliance,
leaguing; swearing (plaintiff anddefendant).

A tahdml (v.n. 6 of (j*=*), Being

cautious ; guarding oneself.

a. tahdwur (v.n, 6 of j^), Carrying
on a dialogue; answeriug one another ; con-
versation.

a i_&>Wf tahd'if (pi. of tuhfa), Rarities,
curiosities, choice articles ; valuable pre-
sents.

a <i*sf taht, The lower part (opp. to fauq,
upper part).

a ^isaf tahtdni, Lower, inferior ; small,
short; placed beneath, pointed below;
ground-floor (m.e.).

a usUteW fahta 'l-hanah, A way of

fastening the turban by passing a fold of
it beneath the chin.

a ififi\ tahta 'l-qahwa, Food taken

before drinking coffee.

a J*^=*" tahjil (v.n. 2 of J^*-), Having
white feet (a horse) ; preparing a bridal
chamber, or bringing the bride into it.

a y^>Acf tahaddub (v.n. 5 of w^), Being
convex ; — iahaddubi damdgh. The circum-
volutions of the brain ; — Iahaddubi musal-
lasi qarniya, Staphyloma; — iahaddubi
wajna, The surface of the cheek.

a (j^' tahaddi (v.n. 5 of ^ s ^), Doing
^anything equal to another; challenging
(a rival) ; striving to overcome, competi-
tion.

A J^Ja* tahdid (v.n. 2 of •*=*), Sharpening
(a, sword, knife, or the sight) ; describing
or prescribing limits ; defining logically.

A t3>-ien" tahdiq (v.n. 2 of e-* 5 -), Looking
intently.

a ,3?.^ iahziq (v.n. 2 of J^), Pretending
to be sharp, claiming skill.

a } > tahzlr (v.n. 2 of y^), Admonishing,
cautioning, warning, bidding beware ;
putitng on one's guard ; threatening,
frightening, causing to fear.

A j/^ taharrm (v.n. 5 of jf*), Abstaining
from, being timid, cautious ; taking heed,
guarding oneself.

A taharruk (v.n. 5 of •dp-'), Moving
oneself; being moved ; becoming movable
(a letter).

a taharmuz (v.n. 2 of y*/-), Being

sharp, acute, intelligent; (anArabism from
hardm-zdda) bastardy ; acting viciously.

a j_sjk? iaharri (v.n. 5 of ^/O, Choosing

the most worthy and fitting ; intending,
designing, giving deliberate attention to ;
delaying ; staying.

A tahrlr (v.n. 2 of /-), Setting at
liberty, giving freedom ; manumission ;
dedicating to the service of Q-od ; writing
elegantly and accurately ; a writing,
written statement, document ; fee for
writiug; ornamental lines ; — tahriri uqlidu,
Euclid's elements; — tahrlr shudan, To be
written ; — tahrlr kardan (kashidan), To
write.

45 W*" t&hrirdna, In (or by) writing.
a ubIj)^ - tahrirdt (pi. of tahrir), Writings,
&c.

a (jiS'jjjae' tahrir-kask, A writer, a scribe.

a ^j?.}'** tahriri, Written, in writing.

A (_r->j=* tahrisk (v.n. 2 of ^=-), Irritating,
setting (men or dogs) by the ears.

a i/»>j=* tahris (v.n. 2 of ^sf-), Making
greedy, inflaming.

a ijiifStah.ru (v.n. 2 of \J>f-), Instigating,
exciting, provoking to, inflaming.

a tahrizdt, Provocations.

A t-Ai^- tahrxf (v.n. 2 of <-*f-), Changing,
inverting, transposing (letters), forming an
anagram ; inversion, transposition j mis-
transcription, clerical error ; falsification
(of a text) ; cutting the nib of a pen
obliquely.

a ut>^js= tahrifdt (pi. of the preceding),
Changes ; anagrams.

A <&.j^tahriq (v.n. 3 of Jf*), Consuming
by lire.

a nkf* tahrik (v.n. 2 of >^f), Putting in
motion; motion, movement; agitation ; com-
motion ; incitement, instigation, temptation ;
marking a consonant with a vowel-point;
inflecting every consonant (being at least
two) with fatha.

a j*?^" tahrim (v.n. 2 of Prohibiting,
interdicting ; rendering venerable or sacred ;
donning the pilgrim's garb ; not com-
pletely dressing leather.

a i-Hjxf tahrima, Assumption of a pilgrim's
garb ; saying Alldhu akbarat the beginning
of prayer ; — tahrima'i 'ishd bastan, To per-
form evening prayer.

a (j**)^' tahriml, Prohibited by law.

a 0)=* tahoxzun (v.n. 5 of t)>°-), Being
afflicted, grieving.

A tahzin (v.n. 2 of ($f-), Making

sorrowful, causing grief.

tahs, A heart overwhelmed with
grief (see (_>-**')■

a y~ tahassur (v.n, 5 of y-*-), Sighing;
grieving for, sorrowing after ; regretting ;
grief, regret ; condolence.

A taheir (v.n. 2 of j~ «-), Wearying;
throwing into a fit of grief ; hurting, afflict-
ing.

a tahsis (v.n. 2 of (J-=-), Feeling,

perceiving, seeing, finding, knowing.

tahsin (v.n. 2 of <j~^), Doing

^ ( 285 )

well and handsomely ; rendering good,
comely, or pleasing ; approbation ; applause,
cheers \~tahsin Jcardan, To approve, ap-
plaud ; to bless.

a f \ y^i—ef tahsin-asar, Worthy of appro-
bation.

a tahashehum (v.n. 5 of j*-^),

Blushing, being ashamed ; train, retinue,
procession (= hasham).

a tahshiyat (v.n. 2 of ^3^), Stuff-

ing; making an edge or border; writing
marginal notes to a book.

a tahassun (v.n. 5 of Defend-
ing oneself ; being chaste (a woman); re-
tiring to a fortress ; becoming a stallion
(ylo=. hisdn).

A J--=f~ tahsil (v.n. 2 of Collecting,
gathering, gaining; acquiring ; acquisition,
study; profit, attainment ; sum, substance
(of a discourse) ; collection of revenues or
rent ; — tahsili dunyd u dm, The acquisition
of wealth and advancement of religion, i.e.
the present world and the next ; — tahsil
kardan, To amass, gather, gain, acquire ;
to collect (the public revenue) ; to study
(m.c.(; to produce, make manifest; — tdlibdni
tahsil, Students, pupils (m.c).

A tahslldt (pi. of the preceding),

Acquisitions, collections, &c.

a jl«> J~a=* tahsil-ddr, A collector of
revenue.

a ey^ J**** tahstl-ddri, The office of
reven u e- collector.

a il=|U Jt-=s tahsil'Zabita, (in India) An
account showing the daily payments of the
ryots to the Sirkar.

A t^asf tahsin (v.n. 2 of Fortifying,
defending, surrounding with a wall.

a yi-Ar" tahziz (v.n. 2 of y^). Making
greedy, instigating, exciting.

a tuhfat, tuhafat, tuh.fa, A gift, pre-
sent; an excellent, rare thing, worthy of
being presented, rarity, curiosity, choice
thing ; title of many books, as tuhfatu 's-
caldtin, "Present for Kings," a treatise on
politics \~~tuhfa bastan, To prepare a choice
present ;— tuhfa dddan, To give a present.

a *t>lv=>" tuhfajdi, Rarities; presents.

a kfcs* tahaffuz (v.n. 5 of ^), Being vigi-
lant, cautious ; taking heed to oneself ;
committing to memory ; recollecting one by
one.

u&ec 1 ' tuhfagl, A rarity, treat, present.
a Lyfe* tuhfaha (P. pi. of A. Rare
presents.

a <5Ai* tuhfa-rna'jun, A wit, a

wag.

a tahjlz (v.n. 2 of ^-), Committing
or causing to commit to memory.

A (JSs* tahaqquq (v.n. 5 of (3=-), Being
true (news) ; proving to be truth, fact, or
reality; certainty.

a jute* tahqlr (v.n. 2 of Despising,

contemning, treating with contempt ; scorn,
disdain ; neglect.

a tahqirdna, Contemptuously.

tahqiq (v.n. 2 of t3=-), Ascertain-
ing the truth, verifying ; verification ; ac-
knowledging as true, believing ; truth, fact,
reality, certainty ; — ahli tahqiq, Philoso-
phers, doctors.

a wyVEjfci- tahqlqdt (pi. of the preceding),
Certainties, verities.

a ii\&~a=* tahqiqdna, According to truth or
fact, in reality, certainly.

a ^~*=r tahqiqi, Sure, certain, confirma-
tory.

A j*£=z tahakkum(v.n. 5 of 1*^), Command-
ing, lording over, obtaining the ascendency ;
control, dominion, authority, usurpation ;
deciding judicially, passing sentence, con-
demning.

a tahJclm (v.n. 5 of f*^), Putting

in authority ; arbitration ; control ; restrain-
ing one from doing as he wishes.

a tahillat (v.n. 2 of J^), Making law-
ful ; redeeming an oath.

a JaA=s tahalhul (v.n. 2 of JaJ^), Being
removed (from its place) ; becoming moved.

A «jW tahalluq (v.n. 5 of ^k-), Sitting
in circles (people).

A ^ tahaltum- (v.n. 5 of pi**), Being
patient, mild, gentle ; becoming fat and cor-
pulent.

a (jls* tahalli (v.n. 5 of jl=-), Eating
sweetmeats; finding (a thing) to be sweet;
(v.n. 5 of lm3 ^-), Being adorned with brace-
lets and other female ornaments.

a £-1=* tahliyat (v.n. 2 of }^), Sweetening
(a ptisau) ; — (v.n. 2 of u^), Dressing (a
woman) with jewels and other ornaments ;
describing, pourtraying by form aud ex-
ternal appearance.

a "-M=ss tahlif (v.n. 2
swear, exacting an oath.

a ,3*1=* tahliq (v.n. 2
close (the head) ; marking (a camel) with
circles ; soaring high in the air and skim-
ming in circles (a bird).

a J<l*s tahlil (v.n. 2 of J»), Untying (a
knot) ; loosing ; dissolving, discussing (in a
medical sense) ; solubility ; solution ; di-
gestion ; concoction ; assimilation ; making
lawful (especially a thrice-divorced woman
to her first husband by marrying her for
the sake of divorcing her after consum-
mation) ; — tahlil bur dan, To digest ; —
tahlili quica, Decline, decay of the vital
powers.

A f**!^' tahlim (v.n. 2 of (*^), Rendering
patient, tractable ; esteeming one to be
long-suffering.

a J*=* ' tahammul (v.n. 5 of J*=*), Bear-
ing, carrying a load ; enduring patiently,
putting up with ; patience, endurance, long-
suffering, resignation ; meekness, humility;

of --4l<^), Making
of (jl^). Shaving

( 286 )

truce, peace ; — tahammul kardan, To load ;
to bear, to suffer ; to forbear.

a fisf J**? tahammul-guddz, Impatient,
intolerant.

A -V"^ tahmid (v.n. 2 of •**=-), Praising
much ; thanking God, saying al-hamdu li-
'lldh, God be praised !

(j**^' tahmiq (v.n. 2 of ij*^), Calling one
a fool ; — tahmiq kardan, To call one a fool.

a J***' tahmil (v.n. 2 of J*=-), Imposing
a burden, burdening, loading ; importu-
nity ; asking more than one's right.

a tahanni (v.n, 5 of yj""-), Being

curved, bent ; twisting.

Ajj^ tahawwiir (v.n. 5 of j^), Haste, de-
spatch, celerity ; anger.

a J j* 5 tahawwul (v.n. 5 of Jj=-), Moving
from place to place.

a jj>j^" foAwU (v.n. 2 of Jf-), Altering,
changing, transmuting; change, transfer,
' transformation ; renovation ; return ; pass-
ing from one sign to another (sun, &c.) ;
care, trust, charge, deposit; revenue ;
credit ; cash, funds, capital ; a treasury ; —
tahwil kardan, To consign, to make over to ;
to manifest, to publish.

a u^i>^" tahwildt (pi. of the preceding),
Revolutions.

a j^f^ tahwll'dar, Cash-keeper, trea-
surer; custodian (m.c).

a ^■^if* tahwil-ddri, Office of cash-
keeper, &c.

a w^W^-" tahlyat (pi. of the next), Saluta-
tions, greetings, &c.

a l^' tahiyat (v.n. 2 of ^), Saluting,
greeting; salutation, compliment, congra-
tulation ; prayer, benediction.

a tahaiyur (v.n. 5 of 7*=-), Being
astonished, confounded, disturbed ; asto-
nishment, amazement, wonder ; bewilder-
ment, confusion.

a ya^ tahaiyuz (v.n. 5 of yt*-}, Being
coiled up, coiling itself up (a serpent).

a ye*** takylr (v.n. 2 of Astonishing,
amazing, bewildering, confusing.
(S takh, Dregs of sesame.
a g;W takhdruj (v.n. 6 of gj<s.) , Dividing
property by the mutual consent of the co-
heritors (one taking the house, another
the land, Ac).

takhattan, A cucumber.
a s-ALif takhdtub (v.n. 6 of -r^), Con-
versing face to face.

a jW^' tajehatur (v.n. 6 of j^*), Laying
down stakes.

a is~»l*5 takhdfnt (v.n. 6 of t*^), Com-
municating secrets to one another.

A U^=" talsJkdlut (v.n. 6 of tins.), Mixing in
society.

a wA!^ takhdiuf (v.n. 6 of osli), Op-
posing one another ; contention, animosity,
enmity.

a (ja^^ - takhdmus (v.n. 6 of u***-), Being
somewhat dark (the night), soon after the

setting and before the rising of the sun ;
paying a debt and receiving a discharge;
being lifted off and laid on one side.

a f*? takjtabbur (v.n. 5 of j*±), Inquir-
ing, asking news or information ; being ac-
quainted, conversaut with.

a takhabbut (v.n. 5 of W*-), Losing
one's way ; becoming silly ; rendering
mad.

A p takht (Z. thwakhshta), A royal
throne, chair of state ; a seat, sofa ; a
bed ; any place raised above the ground
for sleeping, sitting, or reclining ; a saddle ;
a capital, the royal resideuce ; a wardrobe,
clothes-press, chest; [takhti dbnusl, Night;
— takhti drdsta, An ornamented throne ; —
takhti ardshir, Name of a musical note; —
takhti jamshed, Persepolis ; — takhti chubi,
A gun-carriage ; — takhti hasib&n, A board
on which the accountants pour sand and
write upon with a pencil or iron or wood
(hence also called takhti mil) ; — takhti
hair an and takhti ddwud, Two mountains
near Taft in the province of Yazd ; — takhti
khdvar khuddy, The splendour of the sun;
— takhti kJipdb, A bedstead (m.c.) ; — takhti
khwurshed bar sari zirgham, The sun in
the sign Leo ; — takhti r&M, The royal road,
the highway ; — takhti rawdn (rawanda), A
travelling- bed, a litter with poles, like our
sedan-chairs, but borne by mules ; the
throne of Solomon; an easy- paced horse;
the sky ; name of four stars in the constel-
lation of the Bear ; — takht zadan (kashldan,
nihddan), To erect a throne ; to place it on
the back of an elephaut when the king goes
to war ; — takhti sardj, Name of the college
of Abu Ishiik ; — takhti sulaimdn, The
famous fortress of Kiishghar ; name of a
mountain in Kashmir visited as the place
where Solomon's throne alighted ; — takhti
tulaimdni, The throne 011 which Solomon
was carried through the air ; — takht 8hu-
dani dawndgk, To recover from intoxication;
— takht shudani afyiln (taryak), To become
inebriated with opium; — takhti tdqdisi,
Name of a throne belonging to Faridfni;
name of a note in music ; — takhti t.ami,
A throne adorned with a peacock made of
jewels, belonging to Sultan Shihiibu 'd-din
Muhammad of Ghazna ; — takhti '<ij, A
throne of ivory ; (mrt.) day ; white thighs ;
— takhti firoza, The firmament ; name of
the throne of Khusraw; — takhti kuldh, A
wooden cap worn by criminals as a punish-
ment; — takhti mahtdbi, A levelled terrace
or raised platform to enjoy the moon-
light ; — takhti hmndyun, The august, royal,
or imperial residence ; — takht yd iakjita, A
throne or a bier, spoken on engaging in a
desperate enterprise (" a coronet or West-
minster Abbey");] — tukht (for dukht), A
daughter; a weight of 600 (according to
others, of 400) drams.

( 287 )

takht-bakht, Throne and for-
tune.

^J>f v tak&t-posh, The covering of a

throne,
a capital

takht-khdna, A royal residence;

m-if iakht-d&r, A species of cloth,
either white or black, which the Kings of
Persia, especially the Daras (Darius), used
to Bpread over their throne ; bed-clothes.
f& tukhtar (for dulchtar}, A daughter.
S\£x&" takht-gdh, The place where the
throne stands ; royal residence, capital.

P$ cfc*s=» tafcht-gir, A throne-seizer, a
powerful monarch.
*la** takhtala, A walking-staff ; shoes.
a takhaUum (v.n. 5 of f** 4 -), Putting
on a seal-ring.

(jjl&s is^=* takht-nishdn. Throne-bestow-
ing.

i#>~i o**-" tajcht-nishin, Sitting on the
throne ; a reigning prince ; — takht-nishlndni
khdk, Dwellers upon earth ; kings ; spirits ;
devout men.

jjis-s-J ut^f takJtUnib'him, Accession, reign.

is** takhta, A board, plank ; a table ; a
table upon which dead bodies are stretched
and washed before interment ; tablets ;
memorandum-book; a single sheet of
paper ; a little bed, couch ; a bier, a litter ;
the pedestal of a statue ; [takhta'i usturash
(ddya), A plough-beam; — takhta'i auwal,
The table of the divine decrees ; a school-
boy's writing- board ; — takhta'i ta'lim, A
writing-board ; — takhta'i jama, A large
press ; a calender, beetle, or anything simi-
lar, by which linens are beat, pressed, or
smoothed ; an instrument of torture, made
like a horse ; — takhta'i ja-uhari, The colours
green and blue ; — takhta'i hamdm, A stone
slab in a public bath, where they perform
their prayers ; — takhta'i khdk, The surface
of the earth; — takhta'i dar, The panel of
a door; — takhta'i rtiqum, A magical or
astrological table ; — takhta eadan, To clean
cotton (takhta probably clerical error for
pakhta) ; — takhta zadani tarsdydn, To ring
a rattle (instead of a bell), as the Chris-
tians do in Muhammadan countries ; —
takhta'i tsarnikh, A live coal ; — takhta'i sal-
khymrd, Stories of old times ; — takhta'i
supdr, The wood in which the plough-share
is fixed, a plough-beam ; — tsikhta'i shatranj,
A chess- hoard ; — tak&ta'i 'dj, A throne of
ivory ; milk-white hips ; day ; — takhta'i
qanndd, A board on which sweetmeats and
confectioneries are laid out ; — takhta'i qlma,
A wooden board on which meat is cut up
for h shing; — takhta'i kishti, The plank of
a ship ; — takhta'i kafshgar, A shoemaker's
board, upon which he cuts out his leather ; —
takhta'i kuldh, — lakhti kulak, q.v. under
-s-a*; — takhta'i gu'l, The mace or club with
tfhich the ball is struck ; — takhta'i muhdsi-

bdn, The earth ; — takMu'i muhdsibdn shawad,
Dust falls upon his head and soils him ;
— takhta'i maehq, A school-boy's writing-
board ; anything frequently used ; — takhta'i
miyana, The sky ; — takhta'i mind, The
firmament ; — takhta'i nan, A baker's knead-
ing- board ; a plain flat, table ; a large flat
dish, with a brass rim round it ; — takhta'i
nard, A dicu-table, backgaunnon-board ; —
iakhta'i nardi dbnusi, The zodiac ; — takhta'i
yakh, A sheet of transparent ice ;] — iukhta,
Paid, discharged.

tat* takhta takhta, In pieces ; — takhta
taJchta ganhtan, To break to pieces (a
ship).

&*y takhta-band, A splinter bound
upon a broken bone ; a floor ; a prison ;
confined, guarded.

,jA4 <tx& takhta-bandi, Boarding, wains-
cot ; — takhta-bandi kardan, To wainscot
im.o.').

4ife" takhia-bid, A bug (Cimex lec-
tuarius).

J» iw*" takhta-pul, Pontoon bridge; —
takhta-puli dasti, Draw-bridge (m.c).

takhta-poHt-anddx, An

intruder.

J*fi 6&S-" takhta-posh, Stage, wooden
floor.

^jj^j Ajsfc" takhta-dividre, A wall of
boards, a wooden wall.

i±t?i£ ass* takAta-kashlda, Floored ; floor.

yiijS takhta-gardan, Broad, thick,

straight-necked.

<_3>jf iit" takhta-gu'l, — takJlta'i gv-'i, q.v.
under

a takhta-mashg. A school-boy's

writing-board, (met.) anythiug frequently
used (see takhta'i mashq under *»y).

u*^' takht't, Becoming a throne ; a board
on which children learn to write ; a signet
of stone ; the breast.

J*<=-" takhjal, (in the dialect of Shiraz)
Pinching, a pinch.

takhium, Covetous, greedy, selfish.

A J****" takhjfl (v.n. 2 of J**), Putting
to the blush.

AjiJ* 1 ' takhdir (v.n. 2 of j^), Narcotism.

a ^J**" takhdim (v.n. 2 of ?■>■*■), Having
a white ring cn the lower part of the hind
legs (a horse) ; causing oneself to be
served, exacting or accepting the services
of another.

a s-ir**' takhrib (v.n. 2 of s-^), Destroy-
ing, demolishing, razing, devastating far
and wide; demolition, devastation, destruc-
tion.

a takhrij (v.n. 2 of Bringing
out, educing ; instructing in learning and
politeness.

a ij>^' takhriq (v.n. 2 of J/-), Tearing,
lacerating very much.

lt-*" takhas, takhs, Anxiety, grief, sor-

( 288 )

being

a takhslr (v.n. 2 of _>—*■), Causing
loss, damaging, destroying.

(ji*^ takjish, A cross-bow ; an arrow ; a
rocket ; the chief seat, the one who occu-
pies it.

Uitf- takhshd, One who tries to do any-
thing with energy.

A s-**^ takhashshub (v.n. 5 of «
Catalepsy.

a takhash-shu' (v.n. 5 of

Humbling oneself, becoming or
humble.

takhshidan, To sit on the high

seat.

a y**-** takhsis (v.n. 2 of (>**-), Making
peculiar and special ; particularizing ; re-
serving for oneself ; appropriation ; parti-
cularity, speciality.

a takhazzu' (v.n. 5 of Hum-
bling oneself.

a ^ takhaUi (v.n. 5 of fj*-), Erring,
blundering, offending lightly.

A tt*" takliti'at, takhtiyat, takhtiya (v.n.
2 of J=*-), Leading into error; blaming for
a fault, charging with error or crime.

A !o*l==* takhtlt (v.n. 2 of Us.), Weaving or
marking (cloth) with stripes ; drawing lines
well.

a. takhfir (v.n. 2 of ytt), Protecting,
patronizing; causing to blush, putting to
shame.

a i-M==*' taM.fi/ (v.n. 2 of ut), Making
light, alleviating; abbreviating; softening
the pronunciation by suppressing a letter
or taking off the tanwln ; making light of,
despising ; mitigation, palliation, extenua-
tion ; abatement, reduction ; decay ; — takh-
flf dddan (kardan), To ease; to mitigate.

a 44-4*5 taklijlfa, A small turban worn
during sleep or in private.

takhkuluz, Jjl*** takhkalul,
takhkalun, <sJ£*" takhkala, A hard nut (see

~ * ' a

by

(akJkgam, A summer-house ;
Turkistan (unsupported

country in
examples).

a takhalkhul (v.n. 2 of Jail*-),

Wearing the ankle-ring khalkhdl (a
woman) ; coming to pieces ; becoming old
and worn out ; separation.

Aal*> takhalluf (v.n. 5 of Re-
maining behind ; being left behind ; delay-
ing ; going back.

a takhalluq (v.n. 5 of (3^), Inveut-
ing a lie ; imitating the manner of another •
perfuming with a spice called khaluq ;
kindness ; polite manners.

a Jl** takhallul (v.n. 5 of Ji), Disturb-
ance, discord, dissension ; interruption ;
picking the teeth.

*1=* takhla, A staff ; a pair of shoes ; bits,
scraps.

a i J^ !t takhalll (v.n. 5 of ^J*»), Abandon-

ing, leaving empty or alone ; being alone ;
being vacant, at leisure.

A aJ=j takhliyat (v.n. 2 of (Jk), Vacating,
abandoning, leaving empty or alone ; empti-
ness ; vacuum,

A J-J^' takhlid (v.n. 2 Adorning
(with bracelets or ear-rings) ; making last-
ing or perpetual.

A u=>*L=* takhti? (v.n. 2 of u^lt), Showing
sincere love ; saving, delivering, rescuing,
preserving from evil,

a takhllt (v.n. 2 of SaU-), Mixing, con-
founding, disturbing, perplexing any busi-
ness ; embroilment.

a t-A-li-" takhUf (v.n. 2 of Leaving
behind ; tying up one teat, that the milk
may not run out, and milking the other
entirely.

a takhliq (v.n. 2 of i^-), Forming
well, completing ; anointing with an aro-
matic called khaluq, or with saffron.

a J*l£* tak&M (v.n. 2 of Jk), Turning
(anything) sour; making vinegar ; letting
(water) run amongst the beard and be-
tween the fingers during the umzu' ablu-
tion.

a j***' takhm (v.n.), Suffering from indi-
gestion ; — lukjiin, The boundary or limits
between two countries ; a march-stone.

^ tukhm (S. tokma, Z. taokhma), Seed ;
sperm; an egg ; origin, principle; cholera
morbus, flux and vomit; [tulfhmi bddrUj,
Seeds of the white basil ; — tukhmi b&'ingu,
Balingu-seed (Dracuccphali Royleani se-
mina), considered a specific against palpi-
tations ;— tukhmi balsdn, The fruit of the
balsam of Mecca plant ; — tukhmi bang, Hen-
bane seed ; — tukhmi bld-anjir, The seed of
the castor-oil plant ; — tukhmi panj-angusht,
The seeds of the five-leaved chaste-tree
(Agnus castus), a powerful anti-aphrodisiac;
— tukhmi jarob, Crow's foot ; — tukhmi juhud,
Dispersed, scattered, ruined; — tukJtmi chine
bar-uftddan, To perish entirely without
leaving a trace or sign ; — tukhmi Aardm,
A bastard; a child of adultery ; -tuk£mi-
khar, Offspring of an ass (m.c.) ; — tukhmi
khafraj, Cariophyllum ; — tukhmi khalll
(kAildl), Seed of crow's foot ; — tukhmi dir-
mana, Worm-seed ; — tukhmi rang, The
seeds of the indigo plant (Indigofera auil) ;
— tukhmi raihdn, Purslain ; — tukhmi zardak.
Carrot-seeds (used as a diuretic) ; — tukhmi
saped, White seed ; mustard seed ; mus-
tard ; — tukhmi sag-mdhl, Caviare; — tukhmi
eharbat'i, White basil seed (important in-
gredient of iced sherbet) ; — tukhmi sha-
qd'iq, Poppy-seed (used against bleeding of
the nose) ;—tnk_hmi ghdliya, The fruit of
the 6dm- tree ; — tukjvmi kdj'ira (kdfisha),
Bastard saffron seed (Carthami tinctorii
semina) ; — t ukhmi kattdn, Linseed ; — tukhmi
karchak, The seeds of the castor-oil plant

c* (

(Ricinus communis) ; — iiifioti karafs,
Celery-seed (considered a diuretic) ; —
tukhmi mdhl, Fish-spawn ;—tukhmi mnrgh,
A bird's egg ;~tukhm nihddan, To lay an
e £?g ;]—tukham, A clotb stretched upon two
Bricks, in which they catch such things as
are thrown to the people on days of re-
joicing.

jU=*' tukhmdr, A dart having no point.

jUs* tukhmdq (for T. jUijt), Pestle,
rammer (m.c).

iS^i I**' tukhm-bdzJ, A game played by
children with eggs.

tukhm-bad, Of bad stock, low-
bred.

(jIa***' fufchmdan, A nursery-ground.

)i; ^ tukhm-rez, Sowing ; a sower ; a
sown field ; an omelet ; hashed meat, upon
which eggs are poured and fried.

<-SK; t*** tukhm-rezi, Seed-sowing ; seed-
time.

tukhm-gdr, A sower,
y^*** tukhmugdn, Purslain ; the tes-
ticles ; anything growing from seed.

tukhma, Flux and vomit, cholera ;
indigestion; origin, principle ; root, stock.
«jj tukhma-zada, Dyspeptic.

**** lukhma-farosh, A grain-dealer.
AH**** lulskmiyana, Seed ; seed for sow-
ing.

a jif**" takhmlr (v.n. 2 of ^s-), Causing to
ferment ; fermenting, forming into leaven ;
fermentation ; mixing, kneading; shaping ;
— zarairi mahabbat-takkmTr, A mind mixed
or leavened with friendship.

A takhmis (v.n. of (j—** 5 -), Dividing

into five parts ; making a pentagon, or any-
thing of five iingles.

a takhmin (v.n. 2 of Conjec-

turing, guessing ; estimating, judging ;
guess ; appraisement, valuation.

A "lie** 4 ' takhminan, P. Wli**** takhmin-
ana, By conjecture or guess, by appraise-
ment, nearly, about, more or less; con-
jecturally, hypothetieally (m.c.).

a (j—-*** takhmmi, Conjectural.

yf# tukhwdr, The king of Dabistan in
Kai-Khusrav's army ; Wazir and confident
of Fariid, the son of Siyawush.

a Uf* takhawwuf (v.n. 5 of <-*j*.), Being
terrified ; diminishing.

a Jj±*' takhawwul (v.n. 5 of Jy-), Mind-
iDg, attending to.

a yj** takhawwun (v.n. 5 of yj^), With-
holding a due ; minding, attending to,
managing.

a Uu.ft takkwlf (v.n. 2 of <~if-), Terrify-
ing, putting in fear; threatening; threat.

a Jijs* iakhwll (v.n. 2 of J^-), Giving
possession, granting a request, giving one a
preference to others; appointing king.

a yj.ji" takhvnn (v.n. 2 of o^-), Accusing
of treachery, declaring anything perfidious.

a ^ takhayyul [v.n. 5 of J**-), Passing

289 )

before the mind ; imagining, fancying ; ima-
gination, fancy ; hope.

a takhayyuldt (pi. of the preceding),
Imaginations, fancies, suspicions.

a takhyir (v.n. 2 of ^i), Giving the
option ; giving the preference ; choice, se-
lection.

A J****' takhyll (v.n. 2 of J**-), Making
one suppose or fancy ; deceiving ; pretend-
ing to, practising deception.

a ^ee*" takhyili, Imaginary, imaginative.

a ye>.\^ taddblr (pi. of tadbir), Regulations ;
counsels.

A tadukhul (v.n. 6 of J*-»), The

entering of one thing into another; inser-
tion; iuterferingwithoneanother; meddling,
interference, importunity.

a taddruk (v.n. 6 of v^jJ), Repair-

ing, mending ; following one another, the
last being close to, or overtaking the
first ; visiting with punishment ; remedy ;
reparation; punishment; expedieut; ma-
nagement ; provision ; ammunition ; the
means of warding off evil or procuring jus-
tice ; precaution ; — taddrukash-rd dldan, To
provide for him (m.c.) ; — taddruki ru-eiydhi,
Attempt to whitewash oneself (m.c).

jjii taddruk-pazir, Reparable.

a ^ Ai tadii'i (v.n. 6 of ^>>), Challenging
each other ; approaching (an adversary) ;
threatening ruin, falling down (the walls
of a house).

A gtf>»» taditfu' (v.n. 6 of £*>>), Thrusting
one another back in battle, a repelling,
driving back ; warding off ; conflicting, be-
ing mutually repugnant ; opposition, resis-
tance.

a f<f\^ taddmir (pi. of tadmir), Devasta-
tions.

a J^Jj' taddwul (v.n. 6 of Jj*>). Handing
from one to another; doing or taking alter-
nately or by turns ; circulating ; tradition.

a ^ J» taddvn (v.n. 6 of esi J ), Medicating
oneself, preparing and taking medicine
oneself; preparing a medicine, applying a
remedy, healing, curing ; dressing a wound.

a j}-^' tadabbur (v.n. 5 of y-j), Meditating
upon, understanding, perceiving ; delibe-
rating ; looking to the end or result of an
affair.

A tadbih (v.n. 2 of ^J* 1 ), Bowing the
head and putting it forward in humility
and submission.

a. jtcjJJ tadblkh (v.n. 2 of £»•*), Bending
forward.

a tadbir (v.n. 2 of ^jj), Setting in
order, arranging, disposing, administering,
regulating, managing ; giving liberty to a
slave after one's death ; deliberation, coun-
cil, opinion ; advice, counsel ; contrivance,
device, provision ; policy, prudence, skill ;
— tadbiri mltxinat. Politics tadbiri ghizd,
Regimen, diet ; — tadbiri kdr kardan, To
manage an affair ; — tadbir kardan, To take

c^JJ ( 290 ) ^JJ

a measure or a step ; — tadbiri mandril,
Household economy.

a <*>^aJ tadbirdt (pi. of the preceding),
Regulations, opinions, &c.

a tadblrskinds, Wise, prudent.

A/^tf tadassur (v.n. 5 of yJ), Wrapping
oneself in a cloak ; mounting the female ;
mounting on horseback.

A tadahruj (v.n. 2 of e/- J )> Being

turned or revolved; turning, revolving (n.).

A tadkhin. The emitting of smoke.

A vj'i' tadarrub (v.n. 5 of Becoming
habituated; being accustomed; being as-
siduous, persevering.

a tadarruj (v.n. h oi £;•>), Ascending
Btep by step ; approaching gradually.

a tadrib (v.n. 2 of s-«j J ), Exercising,

habituating, training.

* e*; 1 * 5 to^ry (v.n. 2 of e;>>), Advancing,
promoting by degrees; gradation, scale.

a 'W:;-^ tadrljan, Step by step, gradually.

a l~>)*> tadria (v.n. 2 of Teaching
from books, instruction by reading ; lectur-
ing.

A &*«.a5 tadsiyat, tadsiya (v.n. 2 of
Leading astray ; seducing, corrupting.

a (tfalJ* tadfm (v.n. 2 of y*«>)> Burying
in the ground ; burial, interment, funeral.

a t^y-i* tadqiq (v.n. 2 of jo), Making
thin, slender, fine ; pounding small ; con-
sidering minutely, scrutinizing; speaking
abstrusely.

a<£Ua> tadalluk (v.n. 5 of ^>>), Rubbing
one's body when bathing, or perfuming it
with dalulc,

a JJa> tadallul (v.n. 5 of J>>), Toying,
fondling, caressing; coquetry ; pretending
anger or disdain (like lovers).

a ^J-iS tadalll (v.n. 5 of J*>), Hanging
down (anything from a tree) ; approaching;
letting oneself down ; abasing oneself.

a fJ-^£ tadlls (v.n. 2 of (j>J J ), Concealing
the faults of goods on sale.

a tadmur, Taumor, Palmyra.

a ^yJi' tadmir (v.n. 2 of y*^), Ruining,
utterly destroying; fumigating his hiding-
place (a hunter) with the burnt hair of wild
beasts, that they may not be able to get
scent of him ; perdition, ruin.

a u~Ja> tadannus (v.n. 5 of <^~>J), Becom-
ing contaminated, nasty, filthy, blemished,
tarnished.

a ^Jii' tadanni (v.n. 5 of u>->), Approach-
ing little by little.

a> tadrus (v.n. 2 of Staining,
defiling, Bullying, profaning.

a ^-l-tf tadniq (v.n. 2 of ^o), Fixing
the eye steadily ; being sunk in the socket
(an eye) ; descending to the west (the
sun) ; looking negligently or feebly.

tadav, A pheasant; a certain insect
bred in baths (see yVi and

a tadw'tr (v.n. 2 of j^j), Causing to

turn in a circle ; revolution ; epicycle ; —
tadwir kardan, To revolve.

a yij-tf tadu-in (v.n. 2 of ojJ), Collecting
(poems) into one book; inscribing (names)
in public books or muster-rolla (diwari),

Sjj tada (probably a contraction of *-*~»
q.v.), Spun ; a web.

a tadahhun (v.n. 5 of yj**>), Oiling

one's body ; being anointed, greased.

a y-*^> tadhin (v.n. 2 of c>* J ), Anointing,
oiling; embrocation; unction.

A yi-tf tadaiyun (v.u. 5 of ij}*>), Borrow-
ing, getting into debt, begging a loan ; be-
ing tenacious of, or upright and steadfast
in, one's religion ; constancy in religion,
religiousness.

a v»ijjJ tazabzub (v.n. 2 of v"^), Shaking,
waving, flapping ; commotion, agitation,
palpitation ; wavering, vacillation ; sus-
pension of judgment; perplexity, uncer-
tainty, doubt; ambiguity.

a E)ji' tazarj (from the following), A
pheasant.

jjjj tazarv, A cock pheasant ; the j ungle
cock; — tazarwi zarnikh, A live coal; —
tazarwi zarin-par, Fire ; the sun.

tazarwi, The manners and gait of
a pheasant.

a tazakkur (v.n. 5 of Remember-
ing, keeping in one's memory ; recalling to
one's recollection.

A IjSiS tazkirat, tazkira, tazkara, Memory,
remembrance ; anything that aids the
memory (as a knot tied on the pocket-
handkerchief) ; biographical memoir, bio-
graphy ; a billet, schedule, obligation,
handwriting; official note; — tazkiratan, By
wav of reminding, by mentioning.

"^/ii tazkiratan (for **}*•*»), Bv way of re-
minding, by mentioning.

a is&» tazkiyat (v.n. 2 of Slaughter,
ing ; stirring a fire.

a tazkir (v.n. 2 of ^J), Reminding,
admonishing, advising ; rendering mascu-
line ; the masculine gender..

a JJjJ tazallul (v.n. 5 of JJ), Submitting,
supplicating ; submission, humility, tame-
ness.

a <j^& tazlilc (v.n. 2 of <jij), Making
anything sharp or pointed. „

a JJA» tazlil (v.n. 2 of Jj), Debasing,
degrading, humiliating ; holding in con-
tempt ; mastering, subjugating ; humilia-
tion, abasement, depression ; — tazlil kardan,
To subdue; to despise.

a taznib (v.n. 2 of s-*<i). Fixing, or

adorning with, a train or tail.

tazav, A kind of winged insect propa-
gated chiefly in baths (see /tf and^if).

jjjj' tazwar, A pheasant (from ^ by
transposition of the last two letters),

a tazhib (v.n. 2 of Gilding ;

illuminating (a manuscript).

a JdsJJ tazyll (v.n. 2 of Ji-i), Appendix.

( 291 )

,11

f tar (S. taroi), A particle which, added to
Persian adjectives, forms the comparative
degree: as bih, Good, bihtar, Better; bad,
Bad, badtar, Worse.

f tar, Moist, wet, juicy; fresh, green;
tender, soft; a small bird with a melodious
voice; a restless fellow ; a quarrelsome
gamester, who takes up what he has staked ;
a fornicator; polluted, impudent, obscene ;
a stake ; — tar shudan, To become moist ;
(met.) to be afflicted, offended, vexed,
especially at another's jests or railleries ; —
tar kardan, To moisten; to irrigate; — tar
kardan zaban, (met.) To put a morsel into
one's mouth, to take a little food ; to speak
harshly or roughly ; — tar nihddan, To steep,
to soak; — tar u tana, kardan. To refresh;
— tar u khushk, Moist and dry ; much or
little.

a / tarr (v.n.), Cutting ; being remote,
distant, separate ; — turr, Boot, origin ; a
plumb-line, or other mason's rule for
making buildings perpendicular and level.

V tard, High (wall such as surrounds a
palace or citadel) ; a mud wall ; a dam ; —
turd, Thee, to thee, on account of thee
(oblique case of the personal pronoun tu).

v*y tardb (imp. of tardbidan), Flow;
a flowing; (water) flowing or oozing ; oozy,
plashy; elegance; address, skill.

a v>y turdb, Ground, earth, dust; — tu-
rabn 'l-qai' (lit. emetic earth), A resinous
matter, used in Persia as a vomitive ; —
turdbi saidd, Sidonian earth ; — abu turdb,
Name'of Ali.

a turdb-dluda, Dust-soiled.

tardbish, A flowing ; a wave, flow,

flux.

a turdbi, Earthly, earthen, earthy.

tardbidan, To Bow, ooze, exude.
<d-pj\j> tard-tezak, Rocket (a herb).
a >±Af turds (v.n. of »±»jj), Inheriting ;
heritage.

&y tardj (=A. <^-»T), Amen, so let it be ;
— turrdj, A woodcock.

a gAf tardju' (v.n. 6 of Turning
back; returning; declining.

J*l/ tarajil, Parsley (doubtful word).

(j**^/ tarakMan, tirdkhtan, To make
great haste.

a <_u\y taraduf ( v.n. 6 of ■J- 5 ;), Folio-wing
each other; sitting one behind the other ;
uninterrupted succession, consecutiveness ;
being syaonymous ; a synonym.

tardra, Timid ; fear; a dunghill.

yji tardz, Raw silk ; a fir-tree ; name of
a city in Turkistim ; — tirdz, turdz, Beauty;
adornment.

•fif tar am, A balance, scale, weight ;
comprehension, understanding; the sign
Libra; equilibrium, counterpoise; equity,
justice; to fall; to writhe; to flee from
battle ; — tarilzd'i anjum, An astrolabe ; —
iardzu'i uliani-dosh, A balance with an iron

beam ; — tardzu bar-afrdkhtan (rawdn fear-
dan, nihddan), To set up a balance; — tardzU'i
pTddd-sanjdn, A short spear, dart, pike *, —
tardzui charkA, tardzH'i falak, The sign
Libra ; — tardzu chashma ddshtan, To out-
weigh ;— tardzui zar, The sun; — iardzu'i
sang-zan, A balance one side of which out-
weighs the other ; — tardzu shudan, To be a
match for each other ; — tardzu' i qiydmat, The
balance of human actions on the day of
judgment ; — tardzu'i kalam, Measure of a.
verse, the quantity of a poetical foot; —
tardzu 'i nd,ranj, Scales made by children
of orange-peel ; — tardzu'i nagm, The theory
of metres, prosody.

f^iiV tardzudan. The scale of a ba-
lance.

y^;V tardzidan, To make ; to adorn, to
embellish ; to embroider (see o^jV*)-

a tarrdt, A shield-bearer; a target-
maker or vendor.

a <j*\y tardss (v.n. 6 of J»j), Telling one
another secrets.

Js>\f tardsh, De3ire, expectation ; erasure;
pared ; a razor ; a pen-knife ; (in comp.)
shaving, scraping, erasing, paring; — tar.dsh
zadan, To pare ; to shave, to cut the hair ;
— tardsh kardan, To carve images.

■J&jt- tardsh- kjiar ash, A neat form.
ijr^f tardshish, A graven image ; a
piece of sculpture; a shaving, a paring.

<w.y tardsha, Pared ; a shaving, chip,
splinter ; nail-parings ; a slice of a melon.

<$#t **V tardsha-chln, Who picks up
crumbs, &c. ; a gleaner.

gjAflAy tardshidan, To shave, pare, scrape,
erase, cancel ; to smoothe (as in a latbe),
cut, hew ; to make a pen.

SAj&ly; tardshida, Shaved, scraped, pared.
a t/>y tardss (v.n. 6 of <J»j), Being set in
close array.

a o"*V tardzi (v.n. 6 of lmS t ) ), Acquiescing,
being content and satisfied with each other ;
mutual satisfaction.

a ■ j\f tarda (for P. ^ly), A crack; the
noise of crack or blow ; blow ; — lardq
khwurdan, To receive a blow, slap, smack
(m.c).

a tardql (pi. of tarquwat, turquwat,
Collar-bones, shoulder-blades.

tardk, A crack, split, cleft; the
noise of anything when splitting or cleav-
ing ; thunder.

tar&kd&tan, To distil, drop,

exude.

A tardkum (v.n. 6 of Being
heaped, pressed together, condensed ; ac-
cumulation, heap ; crowd, throng, press.

a tardkimat (pi. of turkmdn), The
Turkomans who rove about and live in
tents.

\*>t+S\f taraJrima-ha (P. pi. of the A. pi.
of turkmdn), The Turkomans (m.c).
a <stf/ tardka, Inheritance, heritage.

( 292 )

A s~^y tardkib (pi. of tarkib), Com-
pounds.

e-^V tardkidan, To split, cleave ; to be
split; to make a noise in splitting.

a u"V tar ami (v.n. 6 of Darting,
throwing at one another stones or arrows ;
beirjg remiss, relaxed (any business) j de-
laying.

y tar-angubin, Marina.

<*>>y tardna (S. tanma), A handsome
youth ; modulation, voice, song, melody,
symphony, harmony ; a trill, quaver, shake ;
a tetrastich; jest, sarcasm, bad temper;
slyness, subtlety; — tarana shudan, To be
renowned ; — tarana zadan, To modulate, to
intone or deliver songs.

jWji a\y tardna-parddz, Composing
songs.

jU. tardna-sdz, <Wly tardna-sardy ,
Who sings a song.

a\f tardna-sanj, Who knows how to
modulate a song.

t>j ^f tardna-mn, A singer,

fcjA*^/ tardnidan, To exude, to sweat.

^y tardv, An oozing forth.

U^V/ tardwdnidan, To cause to flow.

tardwish, Exudation, trickling,
oozing ; — tardwish kcirdan, To exude.

J^y tardwil, The blade of a certain
grass (see J^j>).

a tS^V tardwi, corr. of the following.

A (iflf tardwih (pi. of tarwihat, a single
rest), Twenty or more genuflexions which
the Muhanimadans are wont to make after
the last prayer of Raniazan; (pi. of tar-
vtih) perfumes.

•lay/ iardwld, Expressed juice flowing.

O^y iarawldan, To drop, distil, flow,
oiude, trickle, ooze.

*>\f tardh, Timidity, terror.

(j^y tardhl, First-fruits ; young unripe
fruit.

A s-fty tard'ib (pi. of taribaf), Breast-
bones.

yUj\y lardymdn, A sash worn round the
loins; dysentery.

a ^jfXy tard'i (v.n. 6 of i^ c \j), Seeing each
other; appearing (a spectre); beholding
oneself (in a mirror or in a sword-blade).

y.u^y tardytdan, To drop, distil, trickle.

v»y tarb, Deceit, fraud ; eloquence,
fluency ; torture, the rack ; swift walk (the
last two meanings unsupported by exam-
ples) ; — turb, turub, A radish.

a s->y turb, Earth, dust, ground.

^JUy tarbdli, Name of a large building,
with a tiro-temple at the top, constructed
in one of the cities of Persia by Ardsher
Biibgan.

(jl-^y tarbumdn, Name of a bitter plant,
agrimony (see o^*^y).

a turbat, turba, Earth, ground ; a
grave ; a tomb ; a mausoleum ; — turbat
fcfiuntrdani hlmdr, A sick person swaHows

dust from Ali's tomb, considered as con-
ducive to recovery (see khaki shifd under
■a^*-) ; — turbati taiyiba, The city of Madina.

a <ttU- ct-jy turbat- Jchdna, A sepulchre, a
mausoleum.

ft y tar ba-tar, Completely wet.

a turbati, Sepulchral.

•yy tirbid, Name of a city ; — tirbid, turbid,
turbud (S. triputd, triputi), A purgative
Indian root, Convolvulus turpethum ; a
hollow pipe ; — turbidi xard, Seeds of the
thorny plant ^sJUfcl p*. q.v.

iff tarbara, A species of grape.

y.f tarbug, iff tarbuna, A water-melon ;
— turbuz, turbuza, A radish.

<s— iy tarbasa, The rainbow.

a ij*if tarabbus (v.n. 5 of Expecting,
waiting for.

>aX*y turbak, A sort of grape.

(jjy tarbun, Very hard ground.

>»a»/ tar-band, A wet bandage on a
wound.

f.f tarbu, A term applied to cloth which
is white, thick and fine.

jyy tarbux, = yy q.v.

a j\-> <^y turba-ddr, A keeper of a mauso-
leum.

a <s-jy tarbiyat (v.n. 2 of Educa-
ting; nursing, rearing, feeding; proniotiug;
seasoning ; dressing ; mixing ; education,
instruction, correction ; improvement
promotion ; augmentation ; — tarbiyat shu-
dan, To be educated (m.c.) ; — tarbiyat kar-
dan, To educate, instruct; to inculcate ; to
promote; to compose ; to season; to mix.

c4y.ii tarbiyat-pazir, Docile, teach-

able.

a £->iy tarbih (v.n. 2 of g)), Gain in
trade ; giving profit or advantage ; — tar-
bih dddan, To give the preference (to a
buyer, m.c).

a £*»y tarbi' (v.n. h 2 of £>;), Dividing into
four, making a quadrangular figure, squar-
ing ; multiplying any number by itself ;
looking at one another from the fourth
house (stars) ; a quadrangular aspect of
the stars, quartile, quadrature (astron.) ;
an angle of 90 degrees.

■~ff tarp, Black broth.

yy tarpar, «eA»y tarpah, Black broth.

a if tirat, iira, Avenging murder;
hatred ; revenge.

^y tart. Confused, jumbled, mixed.

a s-»y tarattub (v.n. 5 of s-Jj), Being
firm, solid, well-arranged ; being motion-
less.

yju-Jy tartabidan, To tremble.

a tiJyy tartar ak, A sparrow with a red
head ; — tirtirak Light, weak, undignified ;
a sparrow with a red head ; elevated ; —
turturak, turturuk, Name of a high spot
near Sluriiz where people go to amuse them-
selves by sliding down upon stones.

( 293

the jungle

)

ay

<*bf turtuk, A pheasant
cock ; a partridge.

te&y tartakta, The sail of a trireme.

JJjy tartand, Vain, useless.

>"/ i m wort, Scattered, dis-

persed; topsy-turvy, higgledy piggledy.

a s-a>y tartib (v.n. 2 of s->>j), Making
firm, solid ; arranging ; order, disposition,
arrangement, method, classification ; — tar-
tib kardan, To arrange, to put in order ; —
— bar tartibi liwruji hijd', In alphabetical
order.

a Mj v~>jy tartlb-ddda, Arranged.

a ^y«»y tartibwdr, Orderly, methodical.

a i^ffy tartibi, Orderly, methodical ; a
preliminary proceeding.

y tar-tezak, A rocket (shortened
from «y q;.v.).

a Js 5 / tartil (v.n. 2 of J»j), Reciting in
a clear melodious voice, chanting, singing.

a (ft-f tarajjuh (v.n. 5 of c*j)> Being
moved to and fro (as a swing or anything
suspended) ; leaning to one side.

a J*y tarajjul (v.n. 5 of J*;), Walking
on foot ; going down into a well ; breaking
(day); shining (sun).

A ^y tarajjam (v.n. 2 of Pro-
nouncing the formula, " I take refuge from
the stoned one."

A aWy turjumdn, tarjamdn, tarjumdn,
An interpreter, translator ; a mulct, a fine ;
(met.) a gift, a present (as an interpreter
of good feeling).

a (j*U*.y turjiimcim, Interpretation.

A <U»y tarjamat, tarjama, tarjuma (v.n. of
I**/), Interpretation, translation.

a y-iy i+tt-y tarjama-navit, A translator.

a ijt-f tarajji (v.n. 5 of j*-j), Hoping;
supplicating.

a s-<*>;» tarjib (v.n. 2 of ■-r**-;), Eevering,
honouring, respecting ; supporting the
branches of trees, to prevent their being
broken down by the weight of fruit ; sacri-
ficing in the month of Rajab.

A c*»j> tarjlk (v.n. 2 of (fry), Preferring,
considering as more valuable or impor-
tant ; gaining superiority ; superiority, pre-
eminence, preference, precedence, prepon-
derance ; — tarjiki bild murajjah, Unreason-
able preference.

A £»./ tarji' (v.n. 2 of £*;), Causing to
return or recur ; uttering the ejaculation
from the Kur'an, innd li'lldhi wa innd ilaihi
raji'uiw, " Verily we belong to God, and
verily to Him we shall return."

a tarjP-band, A kind of verse in

which the same line recurs at stated inter-
vals.

a J**-/ tarjil (v.n. 2 of J»>), Letting
down (the hair, Ac.) .

a cjJ tarh, Poverty, indigence ; — tarah
(v.n.), Becoming sad and melancholy; grief,
anguish, care j — tarih, Good for little.

a J^y" tirfydl, A journey, a departure.

a J«-y tarahhul (v.n. 5 of J*;), Departing,
emigrating-j-travelling.

a ^y tarahhum (v.n. 5 of f*-)), Pitying,
commiserating ; feeling a tender sympathy
towards ; pity, compassion, mercy, kindness,
lenity ; — tarahhum kardan, To pity, to spare
(in.c).

a s-~*y tarhib (v.n. 2 of «-r~-j), Welcom-
ing a guest by saying marhaban, Spacious-
ness, i.e. Make yourself at home.

A J*=-y tarhil (v.n. 2 of Je.;), Ordering to
depart, sending away.

a tarhim (v.n. 2 of Having

compassion upon ; saying to anyone rahi-
maka 'llahu, " God have mercy on thee !

if tarkh, A certain herb ; dragon- wort ;
an orange.

a ©Uy tarkkdn, Free, exempted from
tribute or taxes, not amenable to punish-
ment ; at large, uncontrolled ; dragon-wort ;
a certain tribe of Turks ; name of a Chinese
champion.

&i\±f tarkhdna, = A>\y&y q.v.

u^y tarkhdm, An office which entitles
its holder to exemption from taxes, Ac.
tarakMa, A sort of flat fish.
tarakAja, "Ws-y tarakhcha, A vine-
prop ; a viue-shoot newly planted.

yiy tarakhar, Wild cresses.

&i\f*f tarkhardna, — a\f!-f q.v.

ij^-f tarakhsh (from an obsolete verb
tiraih.sh.idan), Traction ('doubtful word).

a a***? tarakhkhus (v.n. 5 of ^j), Being
remiss, easy, slack ; obtaining leave.

er^y tarakhfanj, tarkhafanj, The night-
mare.

isutf tarkhanda, Fraud, falsehood; con-
tumely, taunt ; vain, foolish.

a\y^f tarkAwana, Thick pottage, fru-
menty, portable soup,

yys-y* tar-khun, Bloodthirsty ; a strolling
soldier ; a daring ruffian, robber, footpad,
murderer; dragon- wort; brazilian wood.

a Li 0 **-/ tarkhis (v.n. 2 of u^j), Render-
ing cheap, lowering the market ; permitting,
allowing, giving leave, conniving.

a j+ti-f tarkhm (v.n. 2 of ^j), Making
thin, fine, delicate, or soft ; cutting off (the
final syllable of a vocative) ; abbreviation,
contraction, apocope.

tarkhina,, A sort of food (see

Jy turd, Anything thin, delicate, fragile,
y tar-daman, Scandalous, criminal,
soiled, polluted by every kind of shameful
practice ; a whoremonger.

^a^JjJ tar-ddmani, Debauchery, immora-
lity.

a JJy taraddud Cv.n. 5 of ^), Going to
and fro ; wavering, hesitating ; irresolution,
fluctuation of opinion, suspension of judg-
ment ; perplexity, anxiety, trouble of mind ;
refusal, resistance, opposition, rejection ;
debating; application, labour, exertion, en-

( 294 )

deavour; contrivance ; cultivation, improve-
ment ; — bi taraddud u tahalluf, Without
hesitation or dissimulation, without cere-
mony.

a «»WjJ taradduddt (pi. of the preceding).
Vacillations; labours, exertions; — taraddu-
ddti dwnyawiya, Worldly engagements.

a AW*-* j^y taraddud-zdbita, An account
showing the species and quantity of seed
sown, the extent of land under cultivation,
and the quantity remaining fallow (a term
used in India).

ut~»Jj> tar-dast, Adroit, dexterous.

(j*-***/ tar-dasti, Dexterity, adroitness.

osi^y tardak, A weevil.

A taraddum (v.n, 5 of f^y), Love of
offspring, parental affection.

Jjj> tarda, Title-deeds ; the price paid for
grinding.

A tj>>/ taraddi (v.n. h o (j->)), Putting
on a cloak or long robe ; perishing ; fall-
ing from a high place.

a fordid (v.n. 2 of ■»>), Repelling, re-
sisting, opposing; refutation, rebutment;
reversal; — harfi tardld, The disjunctive
particle \> yd, Or.

A tardif (v.n. 2 of >-*>>;), Causing to

ride behind, following, coming after.

a yW)/ tar-zabdn, Moist, glib-tongued ;
an interpreter.

^•jy tazdak, A weevil.

s^j/ tarzada, tarazda, Title-deeds,

t^j/ tar-za/dn, An interpreter ; eloquent ;
a fine, amercement ; a bribe.

(jUj/ tirviq, Anything vain, f atile ; false
news.

<j»f tars* Fear, terror ; (imp. of tarsidan)
fear thou ; — turn, Hard, strong ; — turns,
tarns, Hard Boil.

a turs, A shield, target, buckler.

land (from tarsidan), Fearful, timid ;
one who conceives, fancies, imagines ; a
Christian ; a worshipper of fire.

Af.U»y tarsd-baeha, Son of a Christian.

u-jf tars-astuddn (fear of the
grave), Certain prayers, or portions of the
Zand, which the Parsis read during three
days and nights at the tomb of a deee.ised
person.

tjUy tarsdn. Timid, foarful.

ti;jL.j» iarsananda, One who inspires
fear, a monitor.

yj^JUy tarsdnidan, To frighten, terrify.

(jft—jJ tarsd'i, Christianity ; Lamaism.

ub»-y tirist, A kind of measure ; three
hundred ; a weaver's beam.

tarsgar, God-fearing, devout, devotee.

<JSJ

IS-y tarsgdri, Fear of God, piety.

A J— y> tarassuJ (v.n. 5 of J~)), Doing
(anything) softly, easily, gently, smoothly,
deliberately ; being deliberate in writing ;
a copy-book for children.

islU^J tarsndk, Terrified, afraid ; timid ;
terrible, dangerous.

^U-y tarsndki, Fear, timidity.
<^ JJ ~ , f tarsindagi, Fear, timidity.

tarsinda, Who fears ; timid, fear-
ful.

y~f tarsu, Timorous, pusillanimous (in.c).

<*-•/ tarsa, Fancy ; — tursa, A rainbow.

yj-f-yr tarsidan (S. tras, C. tars), To
fear, dread, apprehend; conceive, fancy,
imagine.

J6 i&i-.y tarsld'i-hdr (j&gdr), A fearer.

a J*-»/ tarsil (v.n. 2 of J-j), Sending,
transmitting.

J*f turush, tursk, Acid, tart, sour ; morose,
stern, cynical; hard-favoured, ugly; — turush
(tursh) gashtan, To become sour.

a O 1 */ tarsh, tarash (v.u.), Being light,
volatile, unsteady ; lightness, levity ; bad-
ness of disposition.

O^jJ turshdnidan, To cause to ferment ;
to acidulate.

^jftay tureha'i, Sourness, acidity, harsh-
ness.

W*/ tursh-bd, Sour gruel, acid broth.

tirisht, turusht, A pick-axe, a pick ;
a gardener's pruniug-knife.

a tarashshuh (v.n. 5 of Sweat-
ing, exuding ; exudation ; dropping, distil-
ling; sprinkling, small rain, drizzle;—
tarashshuhi bauli baydzu 'l-baizi, Bright's
disease; — tarashshuhi rim, Suppuration; —
tarashshuhi 'araq. Perspiration; — tarash-
shuhi hastru 'l-miqddr, Supersecretion.

a uiA*Ay tarashshuhlt (pi. of the preced-
ing), Secretions.

yw. f tar shudan. To be played upon,
bantered, molested.

*)\— J>>f titrsh-rukksdra, Cross-looking.
turush-ru, Of a sour countenance.

<_s?y turush-ru'i, Crabbedness, auste-
rity, sourness of countenance.

cKr 6 * J 5 */ turush- skirin, Sour-sweet ; sub-
acid.

a jj» \J"/ iurush-tab', Sour-tempered,
harsh.

a jSy turush-ta'm, Acid, sour-fla-
voured.

«e\*jf turshak, Name of a bird ; wood-
sorrel.

vA£ttj> turushkak, Slightly acid (unsup-
ported by examples).

<J*f turti»h-giyd, A sour herb ; wild
sorrel.

a t^y \J*f turush-misdj, Sour-tempered,
harsh.

^•f turush-mazagt, Acidity of flavour.

ly turash-maxa, Of an acid flavour.

<i!UA.y turushndk, Very acid.

<5Ay iurusha, A sort of fruit ; wild sorrel,

j-iji' tursha-tiirunj , Lemon-juice.

(^jj^Ai toy tursha-shirin, Sub-acid.

tnrshi, Sourness ; pickles ; sad,
sorrowful ; crabbed ; — turshl dil, Acidity of
the stomach ; heart-burn ; — turshi gusash-
tan. To pickle.

( 295 )

a ,jA.y turshi-alat, Pickles.
4*^ (j*"/ turshi-amba, Mango preserves.
turshi-badl, Acid ; flatulent.
o 4 / £wsAi-yaZ<i, <j3^ ^y" iwr8&i-]?dZa»,
Strainer, colander.

A tarshlh (v.n. 2 of c*v)> Educating
from tender years, rendering qualified for
any office.

yj-Ay turshldan, To turn sour; to fer-
ment.

yi»eAy tarshish (Heb. tjjiQjlJ^), A kind of
precious stone.

lt*}^ .J*/ turshi-kaldwis (?), Celery
(Apiura graveolens).

|A! turshi-girifta, Turned sour

(milk).

usk**/ tnrshinak, Garden sorrel.

a J^y farosswfZ (v.n. 5 of ^j), Observing
steadily ; expecting, waiting for ; expecta-
tion, hope.

a W y <ar-sada, Fresh- voiced.

a yae"/ farsis (v.n. 2 of J-j), Joining
closely, pitching, soldering, glueing ; cover-
ing tlie face with a veil, the eyes only seen.

a 5*«y larsV (v.n. 2 of Adorning
with jewels or gold; dividing a sentence
into distinct parts, and assigning to each
word another corresponding with it in
measure and in rhyme.

a s--ky tartib (v.n, 2 of Moistening,
macerating, wetting (a garment) ; feeding
with fresh dates.

A £y tara 1 (v.n.), Being full; a bottle, a
veBsel, or cistern full ; hastening into any-
thing (esp. bad).

a tur'at, tur'a, A gate, door ; a step ;
a garden or meadow ; the mouth of a well
where cattle drink ; a fountain-head or
spring.

a tf? tara'ru' (v.n. 2 of £7°;). Growing
(a lad).

£y turwjh.-, A chesnut or bay horse.

targham, Powerful; overbearing,
headstrong; arrogance, contumacy, stub-
bornness.

j^y targhaq, turgiuq, »s)Uy iuighak, A
(night) watch against an enemy or a robber.

yUy" turgk&n, Who shows the way, a
guide ; a lax or tribute.

sji,> tamgAda, targjjiada,, A joint stiff,
motionless, and unserviceable ; bruised ;
squeezed.

tj^-f targhish, A sort of apricot ; a sort
of dry date.

targhand, Paralysis ; a joint de-
prived of motion.

yV targjto, A kind of vest of scarlet
silk; — turyhu (also j^y tuzghu, f>f tuzqu),
Ment and drink, provisions.

yyiy targkan, turghun, A royal mandate.

a >r*£f targMlb (v.u. 2 of s-^j), Exciting
desire; stimulating> encouraging; induce-
ment, instigation, temptation ; allurement,
lure, bait.

<Jy tar/, Sour clotted milk strained and
dried in the sun for winter use ; — turf (for
turb), A radish.

a i-Jjf taraf (v.n.), Enjoying in abun-
dance the conveniences of life.

y^y turf&8, tirfds, Toadstools.

<a^y tarfan (for <y\>*y q.v.), Eloquent ;
an interpreter ; a fine.

Ljjy tarf-bd, Food made from clotted
cream.

■»iy" turfad, A certain small bird.

(jSky* f tar-farosh, Who fancies himself
handsome without being so, conceited, a
coxcomb ; a hypocrite, dissembler ; a cheat,
a rogue.

j-tiy iwfanj, A narrow pass, difficult way.

JJiy tar/and, A falsity, a thing totally im-
possible ; a vain, idle promise ; fraud, de-
deceit.

» jjjy tarfanda, A lia, falsehood ; fraud ;
fear.

tarf-wa, <W>/ tarflna, Meat prepared
with the milk described under <-Jy tarf (see

W)-

a **iy tarfih (v.n. 2 of iij), Making easy
and convenient; allowing breathing time
to (a debtor).

j^iy turqaq, An armour-bearer (in the
dialect of Khwarazm).

a s->y taraqubb (v.n. 5 of wy^), Watch-
ing, waiting, hoping ; expectation ; con-
templating.

tarqanj, A swelling of the testicles,
rupture.

•wiy tarqamd, baa*/" tarqanda, Futile,
vain; fraud, deceit; lie.
y»y tarqo, = yiy q.v.

a SjSy tarquwat, tarquwa, The collar-bone.

iiy turqa, An ousel, a blackbird (see **^»).

a ^y taraqqi (v.n. 5 of ^j), Ascending,
rising step by step ; advancement, eleva-
tion, promotion ; progress, improvement ;
proficiency ; augmentation, increase ; cli-
max; — taraqqi dadan, To improve, to ad-
vance (ui.c),

a "^#»y" taraqqiydt (pi. of the preceding),
Preferments, augmentations, ate.

yji-Jy tarqldan (— y-^iy tarkidan), To
break, split, crack, cleave. „

A t3«*y tarqlq (v.n, 2 of J;), Reducing to
servitude ; thinning, refining (speech) ;
dilution ; rarefaction ; softening.

a ^-iy tarqlm (v.n. 2 of ,•*;), Writing,
noting ; marking with the price (cloth) ;
weaving (a garment) in stripes.

a tarqin (v.n. 2 of Marking;

drawing lines near one another ; writing
well, decorating (a book) ; dotting (letters) ;
a mark (answering to our dot or nought)
employed by revenue-collectors or accoun-
tants to fill up any blank spaces occurring
in their columns of figures ; an interlinea-
tion.

«*>y tark, A helmet ; the saeh of a turban j

4* (

the strings of a tent ; name of a town in
Azarbaijan ; [tark az ear bar-dashtan, To
take oft the helmet ;] — tarak (see ^y), A
ditch, trench, moat ; a kind of sweetmeat ;
a virgin, a maid ; thunder ; the noise
made in splitting ; a split, notch ; name
of a river ; (dim. of y tar) somewhat inoist.

a <a!y tark (v.n.), Abandoning, forsaking,
leaving ; setting aside ; abandonment, de-
sertion ; relinquishment, renunciation ; ab-
dication j omission, neglect ; a catch-word ;
a ditch round a fortress ; — tarki adab,
Rudeness, unpoliteness, incivility; — tark
dddan, To leave, to quit ; — tarki Bar kardan,
To risk one's life ; — tark shudan az, To
leave in the lurch (m.c.) ; — tarki 'tidat
dddan, To disaccustom ; — tark kardan, To
abandon, desert ; quit, forsake, throw off ;
— tark giriftan (guftan), To take leave,
abandon ; — tarki watan, Emigration.

T ^y turk, A turk, comprehending likewise
those numerous nations of Tartars between
Khwarazm and China, who all claim descent
from Turk, the son of Japhet ; Turkistan -,
a Scythian, barbarian, robber, plunderer,
vagabond ; (met.) a beautiful boy or girl,
the beloved ; — turki ashqar, The sanguinary
Turk ; (met.) the planet Mars ; — turki
charkh. The planet Mavs ; the sun ; — turki
chin, The Chinese Tartar ; (met.) the sun ; —
turki hiadri, The eun ; the moon; — turki
khargdh, (met.) The beloved ; — turki ruata-
ydn, Garlic ; — turki sultdn-ghukoh, The ma-
jestic Turk; (met.) the world-illuminating
sun ; — turki falak (gar dun), The planet
Mars ; the sun ; — turki mu'arbid, The planet
Mars ; — turki nim-roz, The sun.

a uwtfy tarikdt, Things left after death,
inheritances, bequests, legacies.

H cjjUy tarkdri, Garden-stuff.

a J*\*y tarkash (for P. <j"y q.v.), A
quiver.

Cjtfy turkdn (pi. of turk), Turks; (figur.)
beautiful boys or women ; importunate
beggars ; the eyes; — ttirkani charkh (roving
Tartars of the sphere), The seven planets.

<uUy turkdna, Like a Turk, Turk-like.

^liy turkdni, A kind of spacious upper
garment worn by the womeu of Turkistan.

a s-^y iarakkub (v.n. 5 of t-^), Being
inserted (one thing into another, as a stone
in a ring) ; being fixed (as the head upon
a spear).

a *£y tarkat, A square-bodied woman ; a
helmet; — tarikat, tarika, A legacy, bequest;
an inheritance.

jbSy turk-taz, SjUSy turk-tdza, ij^f tnrk-
tazi, A plundering excursion conducted
with rapidity, a roving about ; amorous
blandishments.

Jiyif. kfJy turk-josh, Coddled, parboiled.

pAe; t&y turk-chashm, With eyes like a
Turk ; a captivating eye.

A»Sy turkcha, Turkish, like a Turk.

296 ) .sly

I va)y tark-ddr, Wearing a helmet.

O^y tar kardan, To moisten, bedew ; to
steep, dye ; — tar kardani zaban, Speaking
harshly ; keeping anything in the mouth.

£f tarkax. A field sown with seeds and
reaped; the second ploughing or second
crop; a furrow; a fallow field.

$f tarkazh, Seed ; a field ready for sow-
ing.

yUv^jf turkistan, Turko mania, Trans-
oxania.

osly turk-suwdr, A horseman, cavalier.

Jt-fy tarkash (for Ur-kash), A quiver; —
tarkash anddkhtan. To cease fighting
(throwing the quiver away for want of
arrows) ; to attack furiously (when every,
thing handy is thrown at the enemy) ; to
flee for life (when a king or grandee
throws his jewel-adorned quiver as a diver-
sion in the way of the pursuing enemy) ; —
tarkaahi jaund, Name of a constellation in
the sign Gemini resembling a quiver ; the
, wires of a stringed instrument ; — tarkash
reihtan, To exhaust one's quiver, i.e. to be
conquered, to surrender ;— tar kashi sahmi
al-gjuiib, Sudden calamities ; — tarkash nihd-
dan (to lay down the quiver), To abstain
from further combat.

J-4 yft^ji tarkash-band, Wearing a quiver.

jj° <J^f tarkash-doz, A maker or repairer
of quivers.

(jiiy tarkash-kash, Wearing a quiver.

,jyi turk-ghari, Name of a cruel
people in Turkistan.

CjUSjJ turkmdn, Turk-like; a Turkoman.

yU-JUJy turkmdnistdn, Turkomania.

t^USy turkmdm, Turkish, Turkoman.

a «£ly turk-miadj, Wicked, deceitful,
sly.

tarkand, Vain, useless ; fraud, deceit.

SAtSy tarkanda, Foolish, trivial conversa-
tion ; deceit.

yVy tarkihdr, yjVr* tarkihdran,
tarkihdzan, tarkihdzin, A vessel for conden-
sing sour milk (= tashkzan, q.v.).

J-3y turki, Turkish, Turk-like ; a porcu-
pine ;— turki kardan, To oppress, injure.

a ^W^y turkiydt, Turkish writings, Turk-
ish affairs (which are considered as barba-
rous by the Arabians and Persians).

a s-iy tark'tb (v.n. 2 of w-Sj), Composing;
setting (a stone in a ring) ; composition,
compound, compost, mixture ; make, form,
mechanism ; complication ; means, plan,
contrivance; — tarkibi maraz bi-maraz, A
complication of diseases.

a <^>W~9' tarkibat (pi. of the preceding),
Compositions, compounds, mixtures, &c.

a ^ w-~Sy tarkib-band, A kind of poetry.

a tarkibi, Compounded, mixed (as

nouns in composition) ; artful, artificial.

j£\$y tarkidagi, A splitting, a cracking.
tarktdan, Hrkidan, To cleave ; to
crack ; to burst (m.c.) ; to explode (m.c).

( 297 )

i&f targ (for ^y tark), A helmet,.

QjSji targ tin, A strap attached to the fore
or hinder part of a saddle, by which a port-
maute.iu is made fast ; a thong for tying a
captive's hands.

^'y tirlik, A short-sleeved garment open
in front.

ylXJy tirlankan, Calling into life, crea-
ting, vivifying (applied to God).

s y/ tarlawah, A road now rising, now in-
clining.

"Wy tirlik, = utUy q.v.

(•/ tarm, A mist, a fog (see pj>).

yj^iuy tarmdnidan, To cause to throw.

(_5^y turmtdy, A species of falcon.
tirmid, Name of a city.

'/•y' tarinurah, = *y*y tarmurah, q.v,

y^"/ tarmazdan, To be silent.

u-*y tarmus, A certain acid vegetable; —
tarmue, turmus (prob. G. Btpp-oi), The
Egyptian bean ; — turmus, Carobs.

s~>»y ta.rm.asah, A weight of eight grains
or two beans.

i_r~*y tarmish, Bean-pods ; carobs ; — tar-
mush, A certain sour vegetable ; (for tar-
mush) a blackberry-1ree.

F~*j> iarmashlr, A species of elixir.

ts^y tirnuik, Hardness of heart.

■^•y tarmand (tirmind, ?), Name of a
town.

o^Ai^y" tar-manisht, Wi cited ness.

tarmurah, A swing, a rooming-
board.

J^yf tarmush, Blackberry-tree.

<uy tarma, tttrma, A saddle-cloth ; a
radish; figured silk (m.c).

yju^y tarmidan, To shoot, throw, hurl.

A J-^y tarmil (v.n, 2 of J-*j), Tinging,
besmearing with blood.

a ,♦-/•,» tarmvm (v.n. 2 of j!)), .Repairing;
amendment, improvement ; rectification,
alteration.

t)y taran. Dog-rose ; a field ; a dL-sert; —
Iran (m.c. from Fr. or E.), A train ;—trani
lukhar, A railway-train (m.c).

(j*Uy larnds, The twang of a bow-string:
iUUy tar-ndna, Condiment eaten with
bread.

g>y taranj, A placing together ; a narrow
paeB, difficult way (see ^f ) ; — turanj,
turnnj, Wrinkled, squeezed, drawn together;
hard, rough, dry ; a wrinkle, fold, plait ; —
turunj, An orange ; — turunji jildi kitab,
Orange-like ornamentations impressed upon
the binding of a book ; — turanji zagan,
The chin of a handsome boy or woman
(compared to an orange as well as an
apple) ; — turanj zadan, To throw an orange,
generally made of gold, to each other
(bride and bridegroom on entering the
latter' s house, a Persian marriage custom) ;
— turunji zar {tild, mihrgdn), The sun ; —
turanji mimbar, An ornament of the pulpit
iu shape of an orange.

a g W-y turunjdn (for P. turungan), Balm-
getitle, parsley.

a i^r^=ry taranjubm (for P. tarangubln),
Manna.

0 =yy taranji, turunji, A squeezing with
the tips of the fingers, and the impression
left by them, a pinch ; — turunji, Orange-
coloured.

^•V^y taranjidagT, turunjidagi, Corruga-
tion, wrinkle, pucker.

(3-V^y taranjldan, turunjldan, To be
squeezed, compressed, drawn together ; to
shrivel, pucker, wrinkle ; to become rough
and hard.

'■^Ty taranjida, turunjida, Squeezed,
puckered, wrinkled.

Jjy tarand, A very small yellow bird.

j>»*y' tarandar, A red-headed sparrow.

csJ^iy tarandak, tirindak, A sort of wild
beast.

a <ua y tar-nac/fona, Who sings fresh
melodies.

a (j— U f tar-nafasi, Eloquent.

*iS»y' tarang, tirang, The twang of a bow-
string ; the snapping of a sword ; the noise
of an arrow, mace, or sword striking an
object ; the sound of a musical cord when
played upon ; the crown of the head ; a
whirlpool ; (imp. of tarangidan) trill !
sing ! modulate ! (S. taranga) a wave,
billow ; a wound ; (in coinp.) stirring up ;
— tirang, Handsome ; good ; — tiring, The
twang of a bow-string ; — turang, A prison ;

pheasant ; a partridge ; a tube for shoot-
ing clay balls (the last unsupported by
examples).

«sX5y'l£iy tarang-d-tarang, The continu-
ous twanging of a (bow-) string, or sound
of musical cords.

y^&y turungan, Balm-gentle.

(jj-Xjil&y tarang diiid-an, To cause to twang;
to excite, to jump.

^s-Xiy tar-angubvn, Manna.

a xJoy tarangidan, tirangtdan, To twang ;
to be parted ; to strike (with a sword, <fcc).

a ,♦>/»' taranaum (v.n. 5 of ^j), Trilling,
quavering ; singing, modulating ; song,
modulation, rhythm.

a (jlii j*>y tarannum-fishdn, A singer.

a tarannum-garl, Singing, chant-

ing, modulating.

■"•y tamand, The dashing of the waves,
surf.

^SjI^ y tar-nihddagl, A moistening, soak-
ing.

yjl^ y tar nihddan, To moisten, steep,
soak,

y tar nihada, Moistened, soaked,
steeped.

y^y 1 tarniydn, A wicker basket.

s-fliy tarnlb, A withered rose ; — tirnlb, An
iron ash-pan.

) } > turii, Fragile, tender, thin (doubtful
word).

( 298 )

J\)/ tarwdl, A blade of grass.

A ttf tarauwuh (v.n. 5 of c^;), Growing
luxuriant (plants) ; contracting a smell
from any neighbouring substance (water) ;
doing anything, setting out or returning
about sunset.

«*U*s. ) y tar-u-khushk (wet and dry),
With or without by-dish ; little and much,
and similar opposites.

*»>jy taruda, A heap ; a pair, a match
(see Bjy and iyy , of which it is probably
a misreading).

A_y/ turur (v.n. of f~), Being remote, ab-
sent; falling out (seeds or kernels).
turiisha, A sort of fruit.

A Ae ; y tarwi'a (Heb. Hi^"^), The blast
of a trumpet; — tarwi'a zadan, To sound
taratantara.

ix *")f taromida,tiromida. Mixed; gained,
acquired.

tarwand, A false promise, broken
faith ; a vain, idle, impossible tale ; first-
fruits, early fruits.

BJjj/ tarwanda, Early fruits ; first-fruits ;
novelties ; fraud, deceit ; a lie.

iytf tarwoh, tiruvia, ijf iarok, turwa, A
pair, a match, a couple ; single, odd (this
meaning unsupported by examples) ; — •
tarivM, A narrow pass, a difficult way.

ba~6>}/ taroh'ida, tirohxda, Mixed ; gotten.

a h)f iarwiyat (v.n. 2 of <^j;), Wetting,
moistening; giving attention to ; recording
what another has said.

a gjjy tanoij (v.n. 2 of e^j), Placing a
value upon (goods, &c), making them to
be Bold ; making to pass or go current, ■
giving currency ; currency.

A tarwlh (v.n. 3 of Cjj), Stilling,

quieting, causing to repose, giving rest ;
driving (cattle) home (in the evening) ;
perfuming.

A tarwiq (v.n. 2 of Jjy), Straining
off, making clear; spreading darkness
(night) ; covering the ceiling with a kind
of matting.

£>jy taroyah, turoyah, Unevenness of the
road, caused by mud, &c, in winter time ;
up-and-down-hill road (see tyy and &y.y).

&y tara, Wards of a key ; beards of corn ;
— tara, tarra, G-arden herbs in general,
especially beets, spinach, cresses, leek, or
parsley ; — tara'i khard$dni, A very acid kind
of herb ; — tara dar huh birytin ast, Proverb
founded on a play of words between tara
(tarra), "herb," and bara (barra), "lamb,"
to express that in case of need any foud is
welcome ; — tara'i shir, A very bitter kind
of herb ; — tara'i gurba, Balm ; — tara'i
mirah, Eruca silvestris ; — tara u dogh,
Herbs and sour milk.

a By turrah, Vain, foolish, futile ; a
lie.

a uuUy turrahat (pi. of turrahat), Vain

words, foolish things, idle tales, trifles,
bagatelles.

a •~r**>f tarahhub (v.n. 5 of s-^>), Devoting
oneself to religion, embracing a monastic
life ; dreading, fearing.

a ifty turrahat, A foolish word, idle story,
trifle.

*s)au sy tara-lundak, otijs* 8/ tara-tezak.
Rocket ; nasturtium, garden-cress ; — tara-
tezak dbi, Brook-limo, water-speedwell.

£jj «y tara-doah. Herbs and sour milk.

; \j »y tara-Kdr, A kitchen-garden.

^■Lstf tarhishtan, Being angry, irate, en-
raged.

i^j* *y tara-farosh, A greengrocer.

5 J~* 6y tara-mira, Wild mustard.

SAAiy tarhanda, Fresh, elegant, delicate.

A ■~^ t Jtf tarhib (v.n. 2 of v-**j), Striking
with terror ; deterring.

^y" tart (in poetry also tarn), Freshness,
moisture; — tare, A high wall; a mound, a
dam.

h Arf l)y tiriyd-bed (from S. stri-veda),
Knowledge of women ; fraud, deceit.

jUy tirydz, Root of a certain plant.

a jtey tirydq, tarydq, Treacle, theriaca, a
composition made up of many ingredients ;
antidotes of every kind against poisons;
wine ; a sovereign remedy ; — tirydqi turki,
Mummy ; — tirydqi rustd'iydn, Garlic ; — <ir-
ydqi/drsi,The bezoar-stone; a stone in the
corner of the eye of the mountain-ox ; — tir-
ydqi fdruq, Treacle against poisons.

a i^Uiljy tirydqdt (pi. of the preceding),
Counter-poisons, antidotes.

a ^^y tirydqi, Inebriated ; a debauchee ;
an opium-eater.

^Qy tirydk, tarydk, The bezoar-stone ;
an antidote ; opium ; — tirydki akbar, The
bezoar-stone ; an antidote which a lover
gives to bis beloved ; — tirydki bargarddn (f),
Emetic earth ; —tirydk buridan, To dispel
the intoxication caused by opium ; — tirydk
khipurdan, To be bent on one's own destruc-
tion.

^L, Ji\tf tirydk-ady, One who rolls opium
into small sticks for sale.

^by tirydkt, Referring to opium ; an
opium-eater; — tirydki' i chize shudan, To
become addicted or accustomed to a thing;
— tirydki'i chize kardan, To make familiar
with, to accustom to.

(jUljy tarydmdn (= ij^Wy), Name of a
flower.

y^y tarydn, tirydn, A wicker basket or
sieve.

utoy tarlt, Jiy tartd, Bread crumbled into
milk or broth ; a sop.

yjuy taridan, To extract, draw out ; — tun-
dan, To be greatly afraid ; to run away for
fear.

f.f farir, Terrifying; a threatener, warner.
y.f tirez, A gusset; a bird's wing.
J a. iSoy tarikat, tarlka, A helmet ; auything

*j ( 299

left, neglected (as a woman by lovers, or a
field by cattle) ; the egg of an ostrich and
of other birds.

tarin, Moist, fresh, recent, good ;
added to an adjective it forms the superla-
tive.

y^y tarlndn, A wicker basket.
\j W*/ tarln-wa, A kind of Turkoman
food.

AA>y larina, A kind of food or sowings
eaten by the poor ; pot-herbs.

yy taryo, A flimsy kind of garment.

5yy tarewa, An up-and-down-hill road.

y taz, A small bird of an ash colour; the
wards of a lock ; leaves just sprouted ; a
head marked with scars and hence bald.

A j**-\y tazahuni (v.n. 6 of Throng-
ing ; a crowd, mob, press, throng.

yy fazdv, Name of a hero of Turkistan,
son-in-law of Afrasiyab, and killed by Gev.

A y\y tazdwur (v.n. 6 of Visiting one
another; turning away, declining from,

Jy*y tazdwil, The leaf of a certain plant.

a lazdyud (v.n. 6 of -Vj), Increasing ;
increase, augmentation ; — tazayudi 'itst u
manzilat, Increase of glory and dignity.

tuztak, taztak, A tube for shooting
clay balls by the breath, a catapult for
killing birds \—tuziuk, A pheasant.

Ay>y tazahhur (v.n. 5 of y-j), Being griped
(belly), and purging,

Aj<^y tazhlr (v.n. 2 of y-j), Groaning (a
travailing woman) ; being griped (belly).

*>y tazad, A black locust.

!j y tazda, The miller's hire ; title-deeds.
tazar, A summer-house, country seat.

jtftawru, Minium ; — tazarv (for ^ tamrv),
A pheasant.

';)> tazra, The iron axle of a mill-stone.

a £yy" taza'zu' (v.n. 2 of £y=j), Being
shaken (a tree by the wind) ; commotion,
agitation.

£y tazgfi, tuxgh, A tree, a fire of which
will continue for a week.

yy tuzghu, Provisions, food (see y*/)-

iJy tazf, iazuf, Barley-sugar ; freshness,
moisture ; ease, affluence ; rest.

C)^/ tazfdn (for a^jy), An interpreter.

yy tuzqu, Provisions (see y*y).

<^y tazak, Dung of birds and beasts.

A tazakhi (v.n. 5 of jSj), Almsgiving ;
purifying; sanctification.

a i-iy iazkiyat (v.n. 2 of y^j), Sanctifying,
purifying (that part of a man's wealth
which is dedicated to pious uses) ; giving
or receiving alms.

s-Sy tazlah, The fat of a sheep's tail.

A Jyy tazalzid (v.n. 2 of Jy*j), Being
shaken (the earth) ; commotion, agitation,
trembling, trepidation ; an earthquake ;
swerving from the right path ; discrepancy ;
defalcation ; (in prosody) changing the
vowel-point of one letter so as completely
to alter the sense of the wordr

) »?

(jSJ)' tuzulqi, A pickle.

cy taxm, A mist, a fog.

a ;~»y tazmir (v.n. 2 of y)), Piping, play-
ing the flute.

a J*-y tazmil (v.n. 2 of J-j), Wrapping
up in a garment.

;Jjy tazandar, Name of a small bird.

a jAiy tazanduq (v.n. 2 of OS^j), Embra-
cing the religion of Zoroaster, maintaining
the doctrine of the two principles ; enter-
taining heretical or atheistical notions, as
those of a zindiq.

J\»» taxwdl, The leaf or blade of a plant.

a E;y tazauwuj (v.n. 5 of Ej)), Marrying,
taking a wife, a husband, or a partner.

a Ojy tazauvmd (v.n. 5 of 'Jjj), Being pro-
vided or providing oneself with necessaries
for a journey.

a 5-?jy tazwtj (v.n. 2 of ej)), Joining, asso-
ciating, giving in marriage, causing to
marry.

A }-}y tawnr (v.n. 2 of ; 5 j), Giving a false
colouring to, adorning a lie, adulterating,
falsifying; falsehood, lie; dissimulation,
deception, fraud, imposture, stratagem.

A ijitf iazwlq (v.n. 2 of J^j), Overlaying
with quicksilver; executing well; doing
elegantly ; a painting of gold impressed
on iron by means of quicksilver ; painting.

a Abf tazahhud (v.n. 5 of Aftj), Being ab-
stinent, devout.

a tazhid (v.n. 2 of ■>*)), Making or
striving to render abstinent and devout.

y^y tazidan, To draw up, to extract.

u^jy tazih, One neither an Arab nor Turk
(see ^>j^')-

A tazaiyun (v.n. -5 of Being

adorned.

a ^y tazaiyl (v.n. 5 of ^j), Wearing a
costume ; donning a dress.

a <-A~>y tassyif (v.n. 2 of «-£>j), Adultera-
ting or clipping (coin).

A (j^y tazyin (v.n. 2 of yj)), Adorning,
dressing, garnishing, decking, bedizening;
decoration, ornament, jewel ; honour.

f tazh, The first sprouting of seed ; rising
ground ; the wards of a key ; — tizh, A cer-
tain small bird with a plaintive note ; a
new leaf ; young grass.

y*y tazhdw, Name of Afrasiyiib's son-in-
law (see yy<).

J/y tazhdwil, The leaf or blade of a
plant.

uijy tazhdak, A weevil destructive to
wheat.

Jjy tazhda, The miller's hire for grind-
ing; the notching of a mill-stone ; the
wards of a key ; a rose-bud.

py tazhm, tizhm, A mist, a fog.

J^j3» tazhwal, The leaf or blade of a
plant.

&y tazha, The bud of a flower ; the beard
of rye or barley ; the main beam of a house ;
the wards of a key ; a churning-stick (un-

( 300 )

supported by examples) ; tbe gland of the
penis.

(j-s tat, A slap ; — tus, Wind which escapes
gently ; spitting.

A (J^— * tasdhuq (v.n. 6 of ij*--), Running
for a wager ; taking the lead.

a<kUi' tasdcha, A crocodile, an alligator.

a ULj tasdqut (v.n. 6 of l£->), Falling.

a ,*3\-~J tasdlum (v.n. 6 of j* 1 -), Making
peace, being reconciled.

a fatAmuh (v.n. 6 of e*-*)> Becipro-

cal indulgence, the exercise of mutual kind-
ness and forgiveness; connivance; careless
or defective manner of expression ; double
meaning ; ambiguity.

a e*"*-** tasamuh-pesha, Easy, pliable.

a ' tasawl (v.n. t> of ^j-), Being
equal; equality, similarity, sameness ; neu-
trality.

a J*U.> tastihul (v.n. 6 of Jy), Remitting,
pardoning, conniving at ; recipi - ocal indul-
gence, the exercise of mutual kindness.

A ^L-J tastihum (v.n. 6 of j*ir»)> Casting
lots (among themselves).

O-^W— 5 tasbdmclan (caus. of tasbldan),
To cause fissures in the lips ; to heat ; to
suffocate, strangle.

a >-r*i~i tasabbub (v.n. 5 of C~*)j Causing,
employing means, labouring.

a j-!M— >' tasbih (v.n. 2 of j-i—), Celebrating
the praises of God ; using a rosary or chap-
let for that purpose ; ejaculating the phrase
mbhdna 'llah, " Praise be to God " ; a hymn
or anthem ; a rosary, a chaplet of beads ; —
tasblhi harbalai, A rosary made oE clay of
Karbala (the place of Husain's maTty rdom ) ;
— tasbih kardan, To praise God ; to say-
prayers by the telling of beads ; — tasbih
gardanidan, To tell the rosary ;— tasblhi
hazdr ddna, A rosary of a thousand beads,
the big rosary of a hypocrite (m.e.).

a •^A»**~ J tasbihdt (pi. of the preceding),
Hymns, anthems.

a &>U- j-m—v tmbih-kh&na, A chapel, ora-
tory.

a Cv*~* lasblh-khwdn, A singer of

praises to God ; one hired to pray, a pri-
vate chaplain.

a (jftji- tasbih-khwdnt, Chaplain ship.

a jl~ tasbih-sdz, A maker of rosaries.

a J\~« p-^-i tasbih-sdl (tagbihi sal ?), A
string on which a knot is tied on every
birthday of the owner (see J^-)-

a ^U*> — » taeblh-shumur, A devotee
(telling his beads).

t)' ') i' "' tasbidan, To have fissures or chaps
in the lips ; to strangle ; to be strangled,
Buffoeated ; to grow hot, be fierce.

■*■ frw— ' tasbi' (v.n. 2 of Dividing
into seven parts ; making septangular.

ui~-> tast (as it seems, for the sake of
rhyme, for «~±»), A cup, goblet ; — tust —
in ast.

ja-j tustar, Name of a city in Khurasan.

a tamitur (v.n. 5 of yi~), Being
hidden, veiled, or covered.

> tustl (for ^jS—* y tu hast 7, =
iu'j), Thou art.

a tasjV (v.n. 2 of 5*-), "Writing in

cadenced or rhymed prose.

A J-**— J tasjil (v.n. 2 of J*-), Confirm-
ing, ratifying, writing an agreement, bond,
or receipt.

A taeahhub (v.n. 5 of s-*»~), Feign-

ing aversion (lovers), coquetting.

A tasahhur (v.n. 5 of Bising, or
setting out before daybreak, breakfasting
at that eax'ly hour.

A;**— > tashlr (v.n. 2 of _^*>~), Enchant-
ing, fascinating, bewitching ; deceiving.

a taskhar, taskhara, Irony,

raillery, buffoonery; mocking, mockery; —
taskjiar Icardan, To jest, jeer, ridicule.

A^st—i' tasakhkhur (v.n. 5 of jsi—), Op-
pressing, compelling one to work for
nothing; making obedient or tractable;
subduing ; being made submissive.

a taskhlr (v,n. 2 of Subdu-

ing, taking (a stronghold or prisoners) ;
subjugation, subjection; capture, eaptiva-
tion; imprisonment.

taskMn (v.n. 2 of yj*~), Warm-
ing (of water).

a > tasclid (v.n. 2 of •*«■), Directing
properly, leading in a right way; finding
right guidance.

a u-j-i—J tod!?* (v.n. 2 of y«Jw), Making
six ; making of a hexagonal form ; divi-
ding into six parts ; a hexangular aspect of
the stars.

A tS/~*' tasarrl (v.n. 5 of j/-), Keeping (a
female slave) as a mistress or concubine
(surriyat).

a c^r-j' tasrih (v,n. 2 of Cr-), Sending
(cattle) to graze ; repudiating (a wife) ;
combing (hair) ; making easy.

yj' tug-sag, A kind of medicinal
herb, the dog-violet.

a tattlh (v.n. 2 of fk~), Making

flat and level.

A_,Ja~i' to/ir (v.n. 2 of ;k~), Writing or
relating fables or romances ; writing, de-
lineating ; ruling (lines).

a tag' (v.n.), Making up the number
nine; taking the ninth part; being the
ninth ; — tisa', Nine (fern.) ; — turn', The
ninth part.

a <U— J tis'at, Nine (masc).

a.j^ tis'at 'ashar, Nineteen (masc).

a £— i' ^is'o. mi'ai, Nine hundred.

a £))«—» tis'tln (obliq. <^«*—> iis'iV),
Ninety.

a^«*~j tas'lr (v.n. 2 of y~), Kindiing
(fire) ; fixing a price (si'r) upon provisions
or commodities of any kind, assizing ; tax-
ation ; tax ; price.

a tasaff-uh (v.n, 5 of «A»), Playing
the fool ; bending the trees (wind) ; de-

( 301 )

ceiving, cheating, leading astray, befool-
ing,

yAjA-j tatfidan, To split, to be broken.

Ai~Jt-j tas/th (v.n. 2 of 4*-), Charging
with folly, calling one a fool or ignorant;
befooling.

tatkanj (in the dialect of Tspshwi) ,
Pinching with the thumb and finger.

A o*£~J taskin (v.n. 2 of (^—), Quieting,
stilling, allaying, assuaging ; consolation,
comfort, mitigation ; rest, assurance, peace
of mind ; rendering a letter quiescent ; —
taskin dadan, To calm, soothe, allay, ap-
pease, console, comfort.

a yt*; y-«X«~> tashln-halchsh, Assuasive,
mitigating, solacing ; consolatory.

a ^<.„. y taakin-kada, A place of quiet
and peace.

A jJ~«5 tasalluti (v.n. of Arming,
accoutring oneself, wearing arms (silah).

A £Lj> iasaUukji (v.n, 5 of Being ex-
coriated, from disease or any other cause
(the skin).

a tasallus (formed like a v.n. 5 of
an A. verb from the P. u-.5^)> Deceit,
hypocrisy.

A J— tasalsul (v.n. 2 of J— Run-
ning, flowing (water, ruffled by a gentle
breeze) ; being joined, connected as the
links of a chain ; concatenation, sequence,
series, succession ; association (of ideas).

a :&* J tasalluf (v.n. 5 of Oki-.), Re-
ceiving the price in advance for goods to
be afterwards delivered.

A U~j tasallvt (v.n. 5 of !=i-), Ruling,
bearing sway ; exercising absolute do-
minion ; being invested with authority ;
commanding despotically.

a Jl-~; tasalltd (v.n. 5 of J~), Withdraw-
ing, stealing away privately.

a ,^1-^ tasulli (v.n. 5 of <^~<~), Being di-
verted by a thing from the remembrance of
another, being consoled ; solace, comfort ;
assurance, contentment, satisfaction ; — ta-
Balli Jcardan, To calm, soothe, solace, or
comfort.

a tasalli-gah, A place of consola-

tion.

a ZJLJ tasliyat (v.n. 2 of u*-), Quieting,
contenting, assuring; relieving from an-
guish, consoling, solacing.

tuslikh, A carpet for kneeling on to
pray (see ^si-")-

a l^e 1 — ' tmlit (v.n. 2 of U-), Giving abso-
lute dominion, investing with paramount
authority.

a tasltm (v.n. 2 of ^-«), Saluting,
pronouncing a benediction, saying as-saldm
{'oilaikum) l Peace be (with you) ; saluta-
tion ; obeisance, homage ; health, security ;
submission, resignation (in the will of
God) ; professing Islam ; conceding, grant-
ing; acknowledging; assenting to, accept-
ing. I

a <g>U«Lj tatlimdt (pi. of the preceding),
Salutations, greetings, &c.
a yi*? i taaliya-bakhsh, Consolatory,
a 5*-^ iasarnmn' (v.n. 5 of Listen-
ing, hearing, giving ear.

taenia, A raw hide ; a thong of un-
dressed leather ; hair combed over the fore-
head (see au~l>).

taema-bdzl, A cheat in playing

at diee.

a tasmiyat, tasmiya (v.n. 2 of j*-»),

Giving a name, naming ; pronouncing the
name of God.

a J iasmlr (v.n. 2 of Diluting
(milk) with water; nailing, fastening with
nails.

a la » >i »? tasmft (v.n. 2 of 5»*-), Fastening
(anything) to the saddle ; repeating the
same rhyme four times in a couplet.

A tasmP (v.n. 2 of £*-»), Divulging,

making known or celebrated ; defaming,
disparaging, slandering ; causing one to
listen to another's voice.

A y <•••• ! tasmln (v.n. 2 of Dressing
•with butter ; fattening.

a im? ~a ^ tus-nafasi, Idle talk, prattle,
chatter (see u~* tue).

A » iasannum (v.n. 5 of ), Being
on the top of.

a tamnnun (v.n. 5 of <j~), Con-

forming to or following a mnnat.

A tasanni (v.n. 5 of y-*), i-- 1 —! 1 2oa-
niyat, taeniya (v.n. 2 of y-), Passing a year
or years ; suffering from a year of scarcity ;
becoming spoiled (bread,

a /*■■>■—> taaium. (v.n. 2 of p 1 —), Name of a
fountain in Paradise.

y-S tasii, A weight of four (according to
others of two) barley-corns ; the twenty-
fourth part of a weight, measure, or day.

a tasuj, Arabic form of the pre-

ceding word.

a^-mJ tasawumr (v.n. 5 of Putting
on bracelets (siwdr) ; scaling a wall (mir).

a hf-* tasvriyai (v.n. 2 of esy-)» Making
equal, level, parallel ; straightening ; equa-
lity, a parallel.

a .ij)~J taswid (v.n. 2 of j^-), Blackening :
(the world in one's eyes) sorrow, grief ;
(one's fame or face) defamation; making
blaek ; rough draft, original copy (of a
letter, &c.) ; a sketch, plan, delineation ;
making one a chief, leader, prince (saiyid).

a > tatwir (v.n. 2 wf jj)-), Putting
bracelets (on another); building a wall
round a town («ar) ; scaling a wall.

a tasw'tgk (v.n. 2 of £y~), Permit-

ting ; giving, bestowing.

a uuUrj— s taswigbat (pi. of the preceding),
A magnificent present especially made to
kings.

a uSij-J taswlf (v.n. 2 of «Jj~), Promising
again, and again; procrastinating, delay-
ing.

( 302 )

* vtyr" 5 ia8Wi l ( T - n - 2 of Jr*)> Adorning,
garnishing, embellishing (facts, Ac).

a m^j—i' taswilat (pi. of the preceding),
Ornaments ; fictions ; — taswildti shaitchuya,
Diabolical fictions, Satanical delusions.

A > tmvnm (v.n. 2 of fy~>), Making
an excursion (against an enemy) ; making
one an overseer or manager of affairs, al-
lowing one to act as he pleases ; marking
(a horse, &c.) ; sending cattle to pasture.

a Js-*—* tasjul (v.n. 2 of J^r*), Rendering
easy, facilitating, making smooth ; (in
grammar) the assumption, by hamza, of a
Bound approaching in softness to that of
alif, wav, or ye.

(jr** tasl, A porcupine (see l _5-^).

A/»— * tasylr (v.n. 2 of Driving,
banishing out of a town or country ; re-
moving (the housing or covering from the
back of a horse) ; weaving (cloth) with
stripes.

ij* tath (Z. tasha), A hatchet, an axe ;
fire; — tish, (S.trish) Thirst; a louse; — tush,
Grief, agitation ; (for J*j> = \yl y> tu ora)
thou to him, &c.

a (^t^J tasha' urn (v.n. 6 of p'^), Consider-
ing as ominous, and sinister.

a a^-i* tashdbuh (v.n. 6 of ***•), Being
similar, bearing a striking resemblance to
each other; likeness, resemblance, simili-
tude, similarity.

a fv>*-*j' iashatiim (v.n. 6 of ^ M >), Scolding,
reviling one another, mutual reproach.

A tashdjur (v.n. 6 of j****), Contend-
ing, opposing each other.

tashdcha (= tasacha), Crocodile,
alligator.

a «- 4 J)^> tasharlf (pi. of tashrif), Honours,
dignities, <fcc.

AjcUj tash&'ur (v.n. 6 of ;«*•), Profess-
ing or pretending to be a poet.

a JsC&i tashdkul (v.n. 6 of J^), Resem-
bling one another, mutual resemblance.

A jji-iS tashuwur (v.n. 6 of Consult-
ing together.

a tashdhud (v.n. 6 of •*■**), Seeing
one another, intercourse.

a iS^jiS tashahbus (v.n. 5 of v±-*a), Seiziug
and holding firmly ; fixing the nails or claws
in anything ; — taehabbusi daman kardan,
To lay hold of the skirts (of another's gar-
ments).

A <J*AJ tashabbuh (v.n. 6 of <M>), Resem-
bling, being similar, appearing ; likeness,
similitude.

a s-w^J tashbib (v.n. 2 of «^*), Praising
the beauty of one's beloved ; composing love-
songs, erotic poetry.

A »sWiJ tashbik (v.n. 2 of Twist-
ing, clasping, locking (the fingers) ; making
lattice or network (shabakat).

Jo-j-i-* tashbti, A fishing-hook, Itarpoon.

a tashbih (v.n. 2 of AjA), Comparing,
likening ; causing to resemble, making

like; similitude, likeness,- comparison,
simile, metaphor, allegory ;— tashbih dddcm
(kardan), To compare, to liken.

u*~u rasA/. (Z. tasta), A bason ; a salver;
a ewer-stand ; — tashti dtiah, The sun ; —
tasht an bam afgandan, (met.) To divulge
a secret, to disgrace; — iashti baland, The
sky ; the sun; — tashti khwdn, A table bason,
a platter ; — ta*ht zadan, To strike copper or
the like during an eclipse of the sun or
moon (a Persian custom) ; — tashti zar
(zarin), The sun ; — tashti simin, The moon;
— tasht u ab khwdstan, (met.) To return
from a journey, to wash off the dust of
travel ; — tashti o az bam uftad, (met.) His
secrets were discovered ; he was disgraced.

iiUiJ tashtuqa, A tortoise.

a u^usj taehattut (v.n. 5 of ^=~*), Being
separated, dispersed, scattered ; dispersion,
separation.; disorder, confusion., distrac-
tion.

Ajlayj-Ai tasht- khdna, A place where bowls
and basons are kept, a scullery ; bed-clothes,
sheets ; a wardrobe ; a privy.

y^asjwu? tasht- khwdn, A dining-table.

tasht-dur, A ewer-holder ; a
scullion.

f£* tashtar, Michael the archangel ; came
of the angel who has charge of rain and
plants ; a cloud.

jjS^AJ tashtakl, A small dish or saucer ;
a bowl, a cup (= q.v.).

^fis-ii' tashtakl-dur, = ^ q.v.
Ls~£? tashtgar, A maker of basons.

j-+*Ai tashtmir, Polypody ; dog's tooth.

yjJj ia&htan, A large axe ; a kite.

AjU } tasht u khdya, Filling an egg-
shell with a fluid (in Persian ehabnam, dew),
or with quicksilver, and setting it (wheu
heated) afloat in the air like a balloon;
heaven and earth; a certain talisman; —
'ilmi tasht u khdya, Astronomy, astrology.

tashta, Clepsydra ; a bason or

salver.

A u^ju! tashtit (v.n. 2 of *s*±), Disper-
sing, separating, scattering,

yJj^xAJ tashtlwdn, Polypody ; dog's tooth.

a r**43 tashjlr (v.n. 2 of _,**■), Painting
in the form of a tree.

a x.«,^>' tashhiz (v.n. 2 of -i*A)j Sharpen-
ing, whetting.

A (jfl^i' tashakhkhus (v.n. 5 of t/ 3 **))
Individuality, personality ; identifying, par-
ticularising : appropriation.

a jja-^-ij' tashkhJs (v.n. 2 of y 3 ^ 4 ")) Dis-
cerning, distinguishing; identifying, par-
ticularising; ascertainment, determination,
specification; estimate, valuation, appraise-
ment ; assessment ; diagnosis ; — tashkhisi
amraz, Diagnosis of diseases ; — tashjcMs
dddan, To distinguish (m.c).

tashaddud (v.n. 5 of 3*), Becom-
ing or being hard ; seizing firmly ; show-

( 303 )

ing severity ; intensity ; aggravation ;
rigour, hardship.

a tashadduddt (pi. of the preced-

ing), Aggravations, rigours, severities,
hardships, trials, &c.

a Aiiii tashdid (v.n. 2 of Corrobora-
ting, confirming, strengthening ; putting
the orthographical mark (*) over letters,
which denotes that they should be doubled ;
also the name of the character itself.

a tasharruf (v.n. 5 of «-*/•), Being
honoured.

A wyUji? tasharruf at (pi. of the preced-
ing), Escort, guard of honour (m.c.); —
tdiharrufdti majlis ba~'amal dwardan, To do
the honours of the evening (m.c).

a fj^ii tashrlh (v.n . 2 of e/Oi Declaring,
explaining clearly and minutely; explana-
tion, exposition ; elucidation ; description ;
dissecting, anatomy ; a skeleton or anatomi-
cal preparation ; — tashrlhi kaiwdndt, Zoo-
tomy.

a ^.j&i tashrlhi, Of or pertaining to
anatomy, anatomical.

a tJbjAS tashrlf (v.n. 2 of '-J/-), Enno-
bling, exalting, honouring; raising, eleva-
ting ; decking out, decorating ; a robe of
honour ; — tashrlf dwardan (dadan, farmu-
dan), To honour with a visit, to come ; this
word is much used in speaking of, or to,
superiors, as more respectful than he and
you; — tashrlf burdan, To pay a visit ; to go
away (m.c.) ; — tashrlf poskidan (khwdstan,
dar bar afgandan, ddshtan), To don, to
claim, to invest with, to possess, a robe of
honour.

a m>U.^ij' tashrlfdt (pi. of the preceding),
Honours, dignities ; a honorific dress or
presents ; title of a book in which is de-
scribed the manner of receiving ambassa-
dors, with the usual expenses allowed to
them.

&t o*^ i^f^-r^ tashrifdtchi bdshi, Grand
master of ceremonies (m.c).

a ^yW/" taskrlfdU, The keuper of the
book mentioned under waVi;^ .

a Ji/ 4 - 5 taskriq (v.n. 2 of J/-), Drying
(flesh in the sun) ; tending towards, reach-
ing unto the east, turning the face east-
wards.

a csljjAJ taskrlk (v.n. 2 of Making
one a co-partner; associating one with;
communicating; putting latchets to shoes.

a g4AT tashafu', (v.n. 5 of J 46 "), Inter-
ceding, deprecating.

a taehaffi (v.n. 5 of ^**), Returning
to calmness of mind (after anger), being
placid, pacified ; seeking a cure or remedy.

a £»AAi tashfl' (v.n. 2 of c**), Accepting
or admitting the intercession of one person
for another; interceding for.

a J&AJ tashaqquq (v.n. 5 of ij*), Being
cracked, split.

a. (3(J-iJ tashqiq (v.n. 2 of i3*), Splitting ;
bringing out well one's words.

t «^i> tushafc (for iaUj<>), A bed, couch,
sofa (m.c).

A^-SJ tashakkur (v.n. 5 of ^*-), Return-
ing thanks for favours, being grateful.

a usX&i.) tashakkuk (v.n. 5 of usW), Doubt-
in g, incurring doubt.

a Ji^w tashakkul (v.n. 5 of J*^), Taking
a form or shape ; being beautiful ; being
half-ripe (grapes).

a tashakki (v.n. 5 of ^), Com-

plaining (of aches and pains),

a utXrX&j tashklk (v.n. 2 of «sW), Creating
doubt, causing to doubt.

a J*£&s tashkll (v.n. 2 of J*-*-), Form-
ing, framing, figuring.

£tM-> tashllkh, A cushion for kneeling on.

A_f*-A.> tashammur (v.n. 5 of ;**•), Pre-
paring for, being ready for work.

tashmlr, j*+z*2~> tashtrnir, Polipody
(see tashtiwdn) .

a ;-*.AJ tashmir (v.n. 2 of r**)> Tucking up
the garment ; being ready, alert ; dispatch-
ing business ; expediting, sending away (a
ship, &c.).

« £)**—> tashmizaj (for P. chash-
mlzak), A black shining grain resembling
the pippin of a quince, with which, when
pulverized, they anoint the eyes.

y^j' tashan, tishan, A small round
"blackish grain (larger than a lentil) with
which camphor is made up into an eye-
salve,

tashannuj (v.n. 5 of g^*"), Spasmodic
contraction of a muscle, &c, spasm, cramp,
convulsion ; twitching ;—tashan>iuji atfdl,
Epileptic fits of children ; — tashannuji indsi
hdmila, Fainting fit of pregnant women ; —
tashannuji anddm, Spasmodic contraction
of the body ; — tashannuji fakki asfal, Lock-
jaw.

4iiju£j tashank, An iron instrument for
perforating a wall ; — -tasknah, The part of
the head which in infants is soft.

jSUx> tishnagi, Thirst ; a hankering
after.

A^-tj tashna (for cpv.), A dagger ; a
sword; — tashna, tishna, Thirsty, parched
with thirst; eager, greedy, insatiable; —
tishna shudan, To be thirsty ; — tishna man-
dan. To become distressed, to be in anguish.

tishna-ashk, Insatiable in shed-
ding tears.

-Ai^ui' tishna-jigar, J<J tishna-dil,
Thirsty, desirous ; desire, wish.

f »A&. ij^s tishna- chashm, With thirsty, i.e.
e;iger, eyes.

yy. <^Aj- tishna-khun, Bloodthirsty. .

p\£ ijjiS tishna-kdm, Having a dry palate,
thirsty.

s-J i^Ai' Lishna-lab, Thirsty ; parched-
lipped ;— tishna-labi, Thirstiness, thirst.

a*J (

A^*^ tashnir (v.n. 2 of Reproach-
ing, disparaging.

a tashni' (v.n. 2 of 5^), Reproach-

ing, blaming, disparaging, taunting ; slan-
dering ; reproach, blame, taunt, slander ; —
tashnV xadan, To talk ribaldry, to use
vulgar language.

Ajy&J tashauwur (v.n. 5 of ;/»), Being
made to blush, being ashamed.

a \j>j£3 taehauwuek (v.n. 5 of J^)'
Being disturbed, distracted, perplexed; dis-
quietude, distraction.

i ^ taghauwuq (v.n. 5 of J/"), Mani-
festing a vehement desire.

AjiyA' iashwir (v.n. 2 of Putting to
confusion ; shame, confusion ; — iashwir
k£ipurdan (kaghtdan), To be troubled, con-
fused, put to shame ; beckoning, making a
Bign ; — tashwir dadan, To put to shame, to
abash.

a yiiyi/ taehwlsh (v.u. 2 of <J»f), Dis-
turbing, troubling, rendering uneasy and
uncomfortable ; confusion, distraction, dis-
quietude, alarm, apprehension, annoyance,
bother ; — iashwish kjiwurdan (ddshtan kas/ti-
dan), To be troubled, uneasy, grieved; —
tashwish dadan (kardan), To trouble, to
render uncomfortable, to disquiet, to harass.

a ijiy** tashwtq (v.n. 2 of Inflam-
ing, exciting (desire) ; filling with desire.

A vdiyiS tmhivlk (v.n. 2 of »a!j*>)> Point-
ing, swelling (the breast of a girl) ; pro-
ducing side teeth; growing afresh after
shaving (hair of the head) ; fencing with
thorns (a garden wall).

A tashwlh (v.n. 2 of a^i.), Making

deformed, ugly ; looking with a malignant
eye.

iashsha, Name of an oil-measure ; a

hin.

a «H-£-> tashahhiid (v.n. 5 of Jv*»), Making
a profession of religion by testifying the
unity of God and the apostteship of Mu-
hammad (see sj^ii shahddat); seeking mar-
tyrdom.

A-j-air^ tashhlr (v.n. 2 of p^), Divulging,
proclaiming, blazoning abroad, praising the
merit of another; public exposure of a
criminal ; drawing a sword, and Hourisliing
it round the heads of others.

a C)*/" tashhimj, = ey**^' qv. (of which
it is probably a misreading).

^5<4J tash'i, A porcupine ; — t'ushl, Lousy.

A iashaiyakh (v.n. 5 of Feign-
ing old age ; assuming the character of a
shaikh, i.e., an elder or a learned man ;
ostentatious pretence to honour or dig-
nity.

ji-t' tashlr, A shady place to rest on.
Bj-AJ tashlra, A ball of coloured stones,
marble.

a tashaiyu 1 (v.n. 5 of £«a), Profess-
ing to be of the sect of Ali (shl'at).

a v-aj^ £~fc> tanhaiyu'-iuazhdb, The sect

304 ) J*sJ

of AH ; a follower of it ; heretical (according
to Sunni views).

a tashaiyun (v.n. 5 of i)"^), Making
a display of state ; dignity, pomp, ostenta-
tion.

a taehyld (v.n. 2 of >>**), Eaising

high, erecting.

a Qn~*> tashyV (v.n. 2 of £~*>), Going
out with one to bid him farewell and bring
him on his way; burning, scorching; fol-
lowing a funeral ; kindling a fire or feeding
it with fuel.

A jjUi 1 tasdduq (v.n. 6 of JJ>-»), Culti-
vating sincere friendship; acting with
affection and fidelity towards each other.

a fJUi' tasddum (v.n. 6 of p^), Dashing
one against another,

a tasd'ud (v.n. 6 of •**•<>), Being

difficult; ascending, going up; ascension.

a tazafuh (v.n. 6 of £*■=), Shaking

hands.

a »_A,JUi> tasdnif (pi. of tasnif ), Literary
works.

j Ay^W tasdwir (pi. of taswir). Images,
I pictures, portraits.

I a tasabbuh (v.n. 5 of £<•"), Wishing
a good morning ; visiting in the morning.
a tashi'h (v.n. 2 of £-), Amending,

I correcting, making sound ; verifying, illus-
( tratiug correction, emendation ; verifica-
I tion, attestation ; — tashlh dadan, To make
I sound, to set right.

i da,-*..*; tashiha, Muster, inspection ; —
[ ddjfMi tashiha, The office in which the
I horses kept in service are marked.

a <_A*56-j fash 7/ (v.n. 2 of «-*«>-), Making
an error in reading or writing; ati ortho-
graphical mistake, a clerical error ; chan-
ging the diacritical points, so as to alter the
j pronunciation and meauing of a word.
; a tashlf-kkwdiu, Bad reading.

a )■>>■='> tasaddur (v.n. 5 of ;•*■»), Being
placed or sitting in the chief seat.

a tasaddu' (v.n. 5 of £a«), Becoming
dispersed, scattered, dissipated.

a 3^ tasadduq (v.n. 5 of o-*-), Giving
alms; alms, charity; devoting, sacrificing;
sacrifice; pardon; — tasadduq farmudan, ta-
sadduq kardan, To dispense alms ; to forgive,
pardon (m.c).

a ^J«" tasaddl (v.n. 5 of ^j-), Coming
before, opposing.

a Ajjua tasdiyat, tasdiya (v.n. 2 of j^),
Clapping with the hands.

a ji-uu' tasdir (v.n. 2 of Taking
the lead with a stretched-out breast (a
race-horse) ; giving the highest place or
chief seat at table ; making one a leader;
beginning a letter with a proem or ex or-
dium.

! a tasdi', vulg. tasdi'a (v.n. 2

j of £J>*), Suffering from a violent headache;
I headache ; worry, annoyance, vexation ;
toil, sorrow, trouble, care ; — tasdl' dadan

( 305 )

(kardan), To inflict pain, to cause a head-
ache ;—tasdi' kasMdan, To Buffer from a
headache ; to be worried.

a SJ j>a«> tasdi 1 dih, Giving trouble, trou-
blesome, annoying, vexatious.

a (jjxw tasdiq (v.n. 2 OS-*-.), Assuring of
or proving the truth of, attesting, verifying ;
believing, crediting, acknowledging as true ;
confirmation, proof, verification; attesta-
tion, certificate ; appeal; speaking in the
same sense (m.c.) ; — tasdiqi tabib, A medi-
cal certificate ; — tasdiq numv.dan, To agree
with (m.c).

a. <-*>-«> tasarruf ( v.n. 5 of <-Jy°'), Turning,
changing; using, employing; application;
possession, occupancy, sway, power, con-
trol ; influence, art, cunning ; supernatural
power; diverting from its proper use, mis-
application, misappropriation, embezzle-
ment ; — tasarruf ddshtan, To possess, enjoy,
usurp, have in one's power ; — tasarrufi dukh-
tar, Defloration; — tasarruf kardan, To use,
to dispose of ; to spend ; — tasarrufi hawd,
Extreme lassitude.

A ^Upa? tasarritfdt (pi. of the preceding),
Possessions ; usages ; sum total of ex-
penses ; — tasarrujdti l aruz, Poetic licenses.

a <j±ya tasarrufi, Common provisions
given to dependants.

a. fy* tasarrum (v.n. 5 of fy°), Being cut
off.

a pi^aj tasrih (v.n. 2 of t;*), Speaking
openly ; showing plainly ; declaring ; ex-
planation ; evidence, manifestation ; narra-
tion ; — tasrih kardan, To make manifest.

A &y<» tasrV (v.u. '2 of £j*>), Overthrow-
ing, throwing completely prostrate; rhym-
ing the first line of a couplet, initial in a
poem, with the second and all following
even lines, which constitutes the character
of a Ohazal or Qasida, in contradistinction
from a Qit'ah or mere fragment.

A >-**f* ta$rlf (v.n. 2 of >-*/•=), Changing,
turning, converting ; shifting, veering ; (in
gram.) inflection, declension, conjugation,
accidence (opp. to nahw, Syntax) ; deri-
vation, etymology.

a tasrim (v.u. 2 of fj*), Cutting in
pieceB.

a <^~*<a ta$a u ub (v.n. 5 of s-**), A. violent
contest.

a tasa"ud (v.n. 5 •**■»), Being impor-
tant, difficult, above one's power ; ascend-
ing.

a i^u>> tas'id (v.n. of 2 of •**»), Ascend-
ing a mountain ; descending into a valley ;
goiug on a declivity; melting; distilling,
sublimating; — tas'id kardan, To sublimate.

A jjjt«» tas'ir (v.n. 2 of y**), Making
faces in contempt.

Kyt*^ tasghir (v.n. 2 of yt=), Diminish-
ing, lessening ; putting (a noun) into the
diminutive form ; diminution ; a diminu-
tive noun.

A ^us tasaffuh (v.n. 5 of (JU), Examining
minutely, considering accurately ; compa-
ring, revising page after page.

A is*-? tasfiyat, tasfiya (v.n. 2 of ^^4*),
Straining, clearing, purifying ; purgation ;
purity ; clarification ; refinement ; reconci-
liation, settlement, adjustment, disposal.

a s-<U» duw tasfiya-taiab, Requiring ad-
justment, Ac.

a j-U tasfih (v.n. 2 of £*«), Making
broad, expanding; clapping (the hands).

a jfcio? tasjtq (v.n. 2 of <J**), Shaking a
tree (wind); clapping (the hands) toge-
ther ; pouring (wine) from one vessel into
another ; leading (cattle) from pasture to
pasture.

a sJu«» tasallub (v.n. 5 of s-l<»), Being
hard, firm, inflexible.

A oil* tasalluf (v.n. 5 of UkLe), Boasting,
gasconading.

a s~J~» taslib (v.u. 2 of s-J—), Crucify-
ing, gibbeting ; impaling ; making the
sign of the cross ; painting or forming in
the shape of a crucifix.

a tasmirn (v.n. 2 of ,£»), Intending,
designing, resolving deliberately, determi-
ning firmly ; determination, resolve.

a guS tasannu' (v.n. 5 of £*->), Making a
display of art; studying to make a fair
appearance ; showing a specious outside ;
speciousness, affectation, artificiality ; fa-
brication; alteration; falsification.

a i_sU~«» tasnif (v.n. 2 of >-Au.), Sorting,
ranging, distributing (in classes) ; com-
piling, composing (a book); invention,
literary or musical composition.

a ^Ujjuii tasnlfdt (pi. of the preceding 1 ),
Literary compositions, works, writings.

A tasauwub (v.n. 5 of vj"), De-

scending (rain).

A jjxj tasauwur (v.n. 5 of jf), Being
painted, pourtrayed, framed, fashioned,
formed, imagined, conceived; imagining,
fancying; imagination, fancy, supposition,
reflection, image, idea; contemplation;
conception, perception, apprehension; —
tafaivwur bastan (kardan), To imagine, to
picture to one3elf ; — ba-tasavswur dmadan,
To he imagined, to be conceived (m.c).

a <jJ<y-> tasauicuridan, To imagine, to
consider (m.c).

a t_i^*a> tusawwuf (v.n. 5 of <-iy°), Mysti-
cism, Sufiism ; devoting oneself to con-
templation ; contemplation.

a s-iy^ taswtb (v.n. 2 of s->r°)> Regard-
ing (one) as a correct speaker, or as saying
what is right and true ; approving, prais-
ing ; lowering the head.

A^tf-si taswir (v.n. 2 of ;j»), Forming,
fashioning; painting, limning; a picture,
image, effigy, likeness, sketch, drawing; —
taswiri rang-ddr, A coloured picture, a
painting ; — taswiri sdya-dar, An image that
throws a shadow, a statue, a sculpture ; —

( 306 )

taswlr kardan (kashidan), To paint; to re-
present ; — taswlri nimrukji, A likeness takeu
in profile.

A <jn\j>y* taswlrdt (pi. of the preceding),
Pictures, drawings, &c.

a taswlr- khdna, A picture-gallery.

a <jr^ taswlr hash, £ taswir-yar,
An artist, a painter, a sculptor.

tasyir (v.n. 2 of j*«0, Causing to
change from one condition into another.

a tazddd (v.n. 6 of Being ene-
mies, opponents, oppositea (see zidd) ;
contradiction, contrariety, opposition ; ab-
surdity, inconsistency.

a yU* tazdfur (v.n. 5 of yu), Helping
each othur.

a u-A>li» tazayuf (v.n. 6 of >-M>), Being
narrow, confined (a chaunel) ; being re-
lated ', being close together or close upon.

a (jfeU; ta2fiyuq (v.n. 6 of ijk*), Being
narrow (mind or place) ; being crowded,
jammed.

a yp^> tazajjur (v.n. S oi^), Being op-
pressed and wearied in mind, grieved, sor-
rowful.

a j»-a>' lazajju' (v.n. 5 of Abiding
in one place ; remaining fixed (a cloud).

a 5*^-4> iazjv (v.n. 2 of Doing less

tban one ought, being negligent ; being
near setting (the sun), inclining to set (a
star).

a tazahhl (v.n. 5 of y***), Dining,

lunching ; sacrificing.

A itV-*-^ tax Ink (v.n. 2 of ^st-*), Causing
to laugh; laughing at, mocking; ridicule,
derision.

a w*> tazarrur (v.n. 5 of j^), Being in-
jured, suffering loss; being grieved.

A tazarru 1 (v.n. 5 of ^>), Humbling
oneself; self-abasement, humility; earnest
supplication ; cotnpl lining, lamenting.

a tazarrum (v.n. 5 of py*), Blazing
(fire) ; being fired with rage.

a 'n-^.j^ tazrlb (v.n. 2 of ^j*), Stirring
up, exciting, instigating.

a tj~iy& tazris (v.u. 2 of <j->^*), Making
eiperienced (wars or travels) ; making
rough, uneven, notching; edging of the
teeth.

a tazrlm (v.n. 2 of ryi), Making

burn, kindling.

a taza'zu' (v.n. 2 of £-***), Palling

in ruius ; humbling oneself.

a laz'lf (v.n. 2 of <-***), Increasing,

doubling, multiplying; making weak, en-
feebling; accusing of weakness, putting
down to weakness.

A J*!-* 1 tazlil (v.n. 2 of J-s), Accusing of
error; causing to err, to wander.

A tazammun (v.n. h of y*- 4 ), Com-

prehending, containing, including; accept-
ing.

A tazmld (v.n. 2 of J*^>), Binding

(the head) with a fillet of any kind ; apply-
ing a plaster or poultice.

a tazmir (v,n. 2 of )*<*), Giving (a
horse) little fodder to make it lean and lit
for racing.

a (^-iJ taztnln (v.n. 2 of (j-*-*), Taking
as a surety or guarantee ; giviug security ;
giving satisfaction ; entrusting ; lending
on interest ; taking under protection ; com-
prehending or including one thing iu
another; inserting the verses of another ia
one's own poem ; an ellipsis.

a £j-4> tazawwa' (v.n. o of fj 4 ), Diffusing
odours (anything when moved).

a tazaiyu' (v.n. 5 of £~*), Diffusing
a perfume (musk).

a tazaiyuq (v.n. 5 of <JM), Being

narrow, strait.

A taziji' (v.n. 2 of 5^), Causing to
perish; destroying, wasting, spoiling;
idling away one's time; ennui, weariness.

A <3-w4> tazyiq (v.n. 2 of ^h^), Making
narrow ; restraining, compressing, reducing
to straits; hemming in (an enemy) ; press-
ing closely (in argument).

A iji'Jai' tatdbnq (v.n. 0 of ijJ»), Agreeing;
agreement; conformity, congruity, concur-
rence; similarity, analogy; coherence, co-
hesion.

a y*tf=» tafamun (v.n. 6 of (j^»), Taking
rest; rest, quietude, tranquillity.

a JjUa tatdwul (v.n. 6 of Jj^), Exalting
oneself (especially from pride) ; haughti-
ness, arrogance, rudeness, insolence, op-
pression, tyranny ; extension of dominion,
conquest, usurpation ; — tatdwid kardan
(kashidan), To oppress, to exercise tyranny,
to treat with arrogance or insolence.

a JjU» tatdwul-pesha, Used to domi-
neer.

A tatabbuq (v.n. 5 of ij^), Being

covered.

a (ji-iJ tatblq (v.n. 2 of Placing the

hands upon or between the thighs, in tho
inclination at prayer, called rukil' ; com-
paring, likening ; putting together face to
face ,• causing to confront, drawing up in a
line ; — tatblq dddan, To bring in harmony,
to conform, to adapt.

a jjlo? tatarruq (v.n. 5 of Ji^), Travel-
ling.

a <-*4^o» tatrlf (v.n. 2 of «-*/»), Fighting
at the wing (of an army) ; forcing (au
enemy ) to ru treat.

a tatafful (v.n. 5 of jAt), Going un-
invited to a feast, acting the part of a
sponger (tufaili).

a wAjAWt tat f if (v.n. 2 of *-*!>), Not quite
filling a place or vessel.

a J-AtJ tatfll (v.n. 2 of Ja!°), Being near
setting (the sun) ; going or causing one to
go uninvited to a feast.

a (jJls ta tliq (v.n. 2 of \3&), Dismissing,
divorcing, repudiating a wife.

( 307 )

A tatauwu' (v.n. 5 of Doing a

good action to which one is not obliged ; an
act of supererogation ; making pretensions
to a power one does not possess.

a .iAe^a tatauwu'dt (pi. of the preceding),
Spontaneous actions, works of supereroga-
tion

a <-ijU> tatauwuf (v.n, 5 of <->^), Going
round (in procession).

A lifa tatauwuq (v.n. 5 of Jjk), Adorn,
ing oneself, being adorned, with a chain,
collar, or necklace ; wearing it round the
neck.

a jy» tafauwul (v.n. 5 of JjL), Confer-
ring benefits and obligations ; exceeding
bounds, eucroaching upon another's rights.

a giji=> tatm' (v.n. 2 of Zfc), Making fea-
sible and practicable ; enable one to do a
thing.

A tatwif (v.n. 2 of tJfk), Going

round again and again, circumambulating.

•*■ tatvnq (v.n. 2 of jj!=), Ornament-
ing with a collar ; appointing to a govern-
ment ; enabling, imparting ability, em-
powering.

a J*>W tattifil (v.n. 2 of Jjt), Lengthen-
ing, extending, prolonging, stretching out;
proroguing, giving a delay ; prolongation,
prorogation; — tatvnl bild. td'il, Prolixity
without utility.

a Sih£* tatwlldna, Prolixly,

a. j£» talahhur (v.n. 5 of y^,), Becoming
purified, cleansed ; being pure, abstaining
from vice or siu.

Aj*(,!o> tathir (v.n. 2 of Purifying,
cleansing; purification, purgation, sancti-
ficatiou.

a tataiyur (v.n. 5 of , Considering
as a liad omen.

a_^mJ=» tatyir (v.n. 2 of Causing to
fly or move with lupidity ; springing (a
mine, &c).

a y~J=J tatyin (v.n. 2 of t^<J=), Bedaubing
with clay, plastering a roof with clay.

a ,»JUi> tazalum (v.n. 6 of Injuring
one another; complaining of mutual inju-
ries ; pretending to be a victim.

A j&Vti tazdktsr (v.n. 6 of Standing
lack to back (zahr), assisting, backing one
another.

a tijta taxarruf (v.n. 5 of Affect-
ing elegance, gracefulness, or wit, taking
pains to appear witty and graceful (zarif).

A fJ& tazalluvi (v.n. 5 of f^), Complain-
ing of (another's) injustice or tyranny ;
groaning under oppression ; injustice, in-
jury, oppression ; —tazallum bar-dwardan
(nadari, kardan), To complain of another's
injustice, oppression, or tyranny ; — izhdri
tazallum kardan, To complain of an injury.

a tazallum-zan, Complaining of

tyranny.

a J-lt> iazlil (v.n. 2 of Jk), Throwing a
shadow ; shading.

a tazUm (v.n. 2 of ,4k), Charging
with injury and oppression (zulm) ; inflict-
ing such.

A JjV«u ta'ddul (v.n. 6 of JJ^), Equili-
brium.

a ^s<>\*> ta'ddi (v.n. 6 of j-»c), Carrying
on mutual hostilities; being depraved;
discord, enmity ; depravity ; distance.

a ij>)\*> ta'druz (v.n. 6 of yA/s), Opposing,
contradicting one another ; opposition, re-
sistance.

a uijW ta'druf (v.n. 6 of <-*;*), Knowing
one another ; mutual acquaintance ; recog-
nition ; rule, fashion, custom ; — ta'druf kar-
dan (dddan), To make recognition or ac-
knowledgment, hence to present with, to
give ; to acknowledge a salute, to bow to
(niro.ee.).

a ta'dti (v.n. 6 of j!=c), Taking with

the hand ; giving each other presents ;
mutual surrender ; a silent kind of bargain,
the seller hauding over the thing to the
buyer, and the latter paying the price with-
out speaking.

a v^iVau' ta'dqub (v.n. 6 of s-<K), Follow-
ing, pursuing ; overtaking ; pursuit ; per-
secution ; alternation, alternate succession ;
— ta'dqub kardan, To pursue.

a ta'dqud (v.n. 6 of Entering
into a compact, making a covenant.

a J^«> ta'dl, Be exalted! ascend! come!

a JjS^ ta'ald (3 p. sing, of ta'dll, v.n. 6
of <J^), Bo he exalted; often joined to
the name of God, and explained in an ad-
jective sense, as khudd'i ta'ald, God, may
He be exalted, i.e. the Most High God.

a ijf^ ta'dmi (v.n. 6 of (j**), Feigning
blindness.

a c^UJ ta'dwun (v.n. 6 of of), Assisting
each other ; mutual aid ; conspiring, con-
spiracy-

a aaW ta'dhud (v.n. 6 of -H 6 ), Confede-
ration, covenanting, conspiring; standing
bail, being security or sponsor.

a ta'ab, Trouble, labour, toil ; hard-
ship ; being tired, weariness, fatigue; —
ta'ab dddan, To tire, to wear out, to weary.

a ta'abbud (v.n. 5 of J*c), Beceiving
as a servant; being pious, devout, cultiva-
ting devotional ' feelings ; devotion; super-
stition.

a 2-~t*> ta'biyat' (v.n. 2 of j^), Arranging
(household garniture) ; drawing up (sol-
diers) in array ; — ta'biyat takhian, To
arrange, to put in order, to place ; — ta'biyat
shudan, To be placed (m.c,) ; — ta'biyat
shikastan, To disarrange, to displace ; —
ta'biya kardan, To fix; to place, lay, put;
to range (mm.ee.).

a j&m ta'bir (v.n. 2 of j-c), Explaining,
interpreting ; telliug what is in one's mind;
relating anything for, in the stead of,
another ; interpretation, explanation ; at-

( 308 )

tribute, quality ; — ta'biri khwab, The inter-
pretation of a dream,

a <uu yiyftS ta'bir-nama, A book for teach-
ing the interpretation of dreams, a dream-
book.

a f jt#*s ta'bir-go, An intrepreter of
dreams,

A s~s»« tatajjiib (v.u. 5 of s-** 11 ), Being
struck with astonishment ; wondering at ;
amazement, surprise, admiration ; — ta'ajjub
dwardan, To astonish, surprise ; — ta'ajjub
ddshtan (/cardan, numudan), To wonder, to
be astonished; — ta'ajjub manda, Amazed,
astonished.

a J**> ta'ajjul (v.u. 5 of J^), Making
haste; causing to make haste, urging, ac-
celerating.

a <-r~s^.*i' ta'jtb (v.u. 2 of «t~%c), Filling
with astonishment ; causing wonder, sur-
prise.

A tajil (v.n. 2 of J* 11 ), Making

haste ; hastening, urging, accelerating ;
haste, despatch, expedition; speediness,
agility ; precipitancy ; — ta'jll dddan (kar-
dan), To hasten, to accelerate, to expedite.

a &^**> ta'jildna, Hastily.

a ta'jlm (v.n. 2 of ^v). Dotting,

pointing a letter or consonant ; providing a
text with diacritical points ; rendering into
Persian.

a. j\j*s fa'dad, Numbering, enumeration,
computation; number; amount, sum;
measure, extent ; — ta dad numudan, To
count.

a ta'addud (v.n. 5 of •"=), Exceeding
in number ; numbering ; multiplying ;
number ; plurality.

a ts-w* ta'addi (v.n. 5 of jAc), Transgress-
ing, being unjust ; tyranny, oppression ;
violence, force, compulsion ; exaction, ex-
tortion; being active, transitive (a verb,
opp. to lazim, intransitive).

A h**> ta'diyat, ta'diya (v.n. 2 of
Converting a neuter into an active verb ;
the transitive or active signification of a
verb.

a ta'did (v.n. 2 of Counting

with the utmost accuracy and strictness;
arranging, preparing (for a future occa-
sion).

a ta'dil (v.n. 2 of J-^), Rectifying,

straightening, adjusting; justifying;
making equal ; exactness, accuracy ; consi-
dering as lawful (witnesses, proofs, &a.) ;
making a witness.

a j>i*i ta'azzur (v.n. 5 of j^), Being dif-
ficult or impossible; being stained, be-
smeared with dung ; making an apology ;
excuse ; apology.

a >i-J.-i»> ta'zib (v.n. 2 of <-r»j*), Punish-
ing, scourging, tormenting ; punishment,
torture, torment.

a ia'z'ir (v.n, 2 of Making an
apology, advancing an excuse ; subterfuge ;

preparing a circumcision-feast, and invi-
ting guests thereto ; beginning to appear
(down upon a boy's cheek).

A ta'arruz (v.n. 5 of u*/ 5 ), Happen-
ing, occurring ; coming before, presenting
oneself; noticing; opposing, hindering,
withstanding ; opposition, obstacle, impe-
diment ; oppression, injury, loss ; — ia'armz
kardan, To oppose, hinder, prevent ; to in-
jure, oppress.

A ta'arruf (v.n. 5 of ^f), Inquiring
with the view to learn ; seeking knowledge ;
learning ; instructing, teaching, notifying.

a ±->jX> ta'rib (v.n. 2 of Pronoun-
cing Arabic agreeably to the rules ; render-
ing (Persian, &c.) into Arabic ; polishing,
refining or correcting a speech, &c. ; re-
proving ; cutting the branches of a palm-
tree.

a &if* ta'riyat, ta'riya (v.n. 2 of ^f),
Laying bare, exposing, stripping, denuding.

a lt^* 5 ta'ris (v.n. 2 of u-/0, Alighting
(travellers) in the end of the night.

a {j^ty'i ta'rlz (v.n. 2 of J*f*), Enlarging,
extending, making broad ; making conspi-
cuous ; rendering obnoxious, exposing ; op-
posing ; ambiguity, equivocation, speaking
enigmatically ; hinting at, making an allu-
sion to ; rendering intricate ; writing indis-
tinctly; not dressing meat sufficiently;
bartering, exchanging ; a statement of the.
particulars of landed property.

a <-4j>*» ta'rtf (v.n. 2 of <-^*), Making
known, signifying; explaining, making de-
terminate, defining ; explanation, defini-
tion ; introduction (to a person) ; praise,
commendation ; a tariff j — ta'rlfi amrdz,
Nostology ; — ta'rlfi, 'asab, Neurology ; —
ta'rlfi 'azaldt, Myology ; — ta'rlfi 'iztim, Os-
teology ; — ta'rlfi kardan, To praise (m.c.) ; —
ta'rlfi lajzi-, Verbal definition or explanation;
— ba-ta'rlf na-mlgunjad, It is impossible to
describe (m.c).

a «ulijyu ta'r'ijdt (pi. of the preceding),
Definitions, &c.

a ^.yw ta'rlfi, Commendable, notable.

a ta'rlq (v.n. 2 of Jf-), Diluting

(wine) with a little water ; filling (a vessel)
not to the brim,

a ta'rlk (v.n. 2 of ^f±), Pinching,

wringing hard, pressing, squeezing, rubbing
the ear.

a hj** ta'ziyat, ta'ziya (v.n. 2 of <^f),
Consoling ; enjoining or recommending
patience; mourning for the dead; a repre-
sentation of the shrines of Has;tn and Hu-
sain, sons of All ; — ta'ziyat hardan, To con-
sole, condyle.

a ^?.}*> ta'ziyat- pur si , Condolence.

a iiU. u^-tyxj ta'ziyat- kkdna, A house of
mourning ; the place of the ta'ziya.

a o.iy«'i ta'ziyat-nama, Note of condo-
lence.

A f.-f* ta'zir (v.u. 2 of ^y*), Eeproving,

( 309 )

censuring ; beating, inflicting stripes below
the full number appointed by law; punish-
ment ; — ta'zir kardan, To censure ; to beat ;
to inflict punishment.

A Jj)*; ta'xil (v.n. 2 of Jjc), Deposing
from (office) ; removal.

a ;1j iifi ta'ziya-ddr, jtS ta'ziya-grr,
One who observes the mourning in Mubar-
ram.

A y~«J ta'g (v.n.), Perishing; falling;
destroying ; perdition, ruin, destruction ;
evil; distance.

x j~*> ta'asmr (v.n. 5 of ;—*), Being dif-
ficult ; being obscure, inexplicable (a pas-
sage).

a »■ t - «> ta'aesuf (v.n. 5 of «-A~is), Stray-
ing, losing one's way.

A &&*S ta'ashshuq (v.n. 5 of (3-^), Making
demonstrations of love; falling in love;
being in love ; love, affection.

a l _ 5 A*J ta'athshi (v.n. 5 of jjA^), Supping,
eating supper; — tagbuddi u ta'ashshi kar-
dan, To dine and sup.

a ir ■■ ■ •*»»> ta'ehish (v.n. 2 of u*>e), Having
a slender trunk and few branches (a palm-
tree) ; building a nest (a bird) ; becoming
dry and mouldy (bread).

A «5 ta'assub (v.n. 5 of s— «e), Binding
the head with a fillet; being attached to
one's kindred ; zeal, party-spirit ; partizan-
ship ; partiality ; bigotry, religious persecu-
tion ; superstition.

A h-*«»» ta'sib (v.n. 2 of s— Appoint-
ing one as chief or head of a family ; keep-
ing one hungry, famishing; destroying.

A <-AW ta'aUuf (v.n. 5 of i_Ake), Being in-
dulgent, propitious, favourably inclined ;
putting on (a cloak).

a Jl=*> ta'attul (v.n, 5 of J^), Having no
bracelets or other ornaments (a woman) ;
being without work or occupation ; idle-
ness; being void, empty, vacant.

k y£*s ta'tlr (y.-ti. 2 of }^), Perfuming,
diffusing odours.

a J*** 5 ( v - n - 2 of Jt*), Causing to be
unemployed ; rendering vacant, void, un-
occupied -; rendering useless; laying waste;
leaving neglected, abandoning ; vacation,
holiday; leaving out every letter that is
marked with a diacritical point ; — aiydmi
ta'Hl, Holidays (m.c),

a fji*> ta'azzum (v.n. 5 of Magnify-
ing oneself, behaving haughtily ; magni-
ficence, grandeur, pride ; haughtiness, ar-
rogance, insolence.

a ta'zim (v.n. 2 of fi^), Magnifying,
honouring; treating with respect, reve-
rence, veneration ; geniality, politeness ; —
ceremonious nnd respectful treatment;—
ta'nm dadan (kardan), To honour, magnify ;
to salute, to bow to (m.c).

a «-**«» ta'affuf (v.n. 5 of <-&*), Being
chaste, abstaining from what is forbidden ;
drinking milk remaining in the udder.

a (jJ^u ta'affun (v.n. 5 of i^te), Becoming
putrid, rotten; stench, fotor, fetidness.

a M*J ta'fiyat (v.n. 2 of yte), Obliterating,
defacing; amending, restoring, adjusting.

a ta'fin (v.n. 2 of Tincture ; —
ta'fmi afyun, Laudanum.

a s-«» ta'aqqub (v.n. 5 of s-**), Search-
ing, tracking, pursuing ; tracing, punish-
ment, chastisement.

a J5» ta'aqqul (v.n. 5 of J 8 *), Perceiving,
comprehending, understanding ; informing.

a ta'qib (v.n. 2 of w-j>*), Delaying,

procrastinating; remaining in the mosque
after the hour of public prayer is over ;
doing a thing over and over again.

A ■^£*S ta'qid (v.n. 2 of J^), Tying fast
or strongly, knitting together, tying in
knots ; causing to unite, joining ; boiling
(a thing) till it becomes thick.

a j~s*s ta'qir (v.n. 2 of fc), Wounding
desperately.

a (jl*? ta'alluq (v.n. 5 of ijic), beiug sus-
pended to, dependent upon, connected with ;
attachment ; love of the world ; dependence ;
connection; relation; relationship; concern,
reference, regard ; consideration, reflection ;
commerce ; means of support, employment,
situation, office ; property, possession ; a
manor ; a small division of a district.

A uutaUJ ta'alluqdt (pi. of the preceding),
Dependencies, connections, appurtenances ;
estates ; substance ; attachments ; claims ; —
ta'alluqdti dunyawiy, Worldly concerns.

a ciAi^iiUi ta'alluqajdt, Lordships (of
land), manors, estates, &e.

a jliAfiU? ta'alliiq-ddr, One who holds a
talook.

a ta'alluq ymil, Free from

worldly attachments, independent, uncon-
cerned.

a iSlaS ta'alluqa,, Connection, relationship ;
lordship, possession of land ; a fee, manor ;
a district.

a _>!j ta l alluqa-d&r, Possessor of an
estale, lord of a manor, landlord, feoffee.

a Jl*» ta'allul (v.n. 5 of Je), Amusing
oneself indecently, beguiling the time ; oc-
cupying oneself vainly or with trifles ;
making an excuse ; procrastination ; excuse
objection; subterfuge, evasion.

a ,*i*> ta'allum (v.n. of 5 f *l^), Submitting
to be taught; learning; knowing; study;
knowledge ; — ta'lim u ta'allum, Teaching and
learning.

A 0 1*> ta'alli (v.n. 5 of ^Ic), Being or be-
coming high, or elevated; highness, emi-
nence ; exalting oneself, appearing conspi-
cuous.

A (3*U? ta'l'iq (v.n. 2 of ,31c), Suspending,
banging; delaying; suspension; a Per-
sian style of writing commonly called Taliq.

a AoJju ta'liqa, An appendix ; a marginal
note ; a schedule, an inventory, a list or
register.

( 810 )

A JsW ta'lil (v.n. 2 of Jc), Soothing,
amusing, diverting; occupying, engaging
one's attention ; changing one of the weak
letters for another; causality, causation;
causing (or allowing) one to have an ex-
cuse.

a ta'lim (v.n. 2 of (J*), Teaching,
instructing, informing; instruction, tuition ;
learning, erudition.

a j*sU; ta'llm-khdna, A school.

a Uji j»Jju ta'lim-farma, fif*^** ta'limgar,
A teacher, instructor.

a |_s*el*» ta l liml, A thong at the head of
a. bridle.

A ia'ammud (v.n. 5 of J**), Doing
deliberately; designing, intending, pur-
posing.

a "1.i**> tafammudan, Deliberately, pur-
posely.

a ta'arnmuq (v.n. 5 of (3+ c ), Going
deep into; speaking profoundly and myste-
riously ; penetration ; deepness, profound-
ness.

a J**J ta'ommul (7,n. 5 of J**), Study-
ing, applying to, labouring, toiling, taking
pains.

A ta'ammum (v.n. 5 of Putting
on a turban ; calling (one) uncle.

A (_s*«s ta'amwi (v.n. 5 of ^+*), Being
blind.

A As*** ta'miyat, ta'miya (v.n. 2 of imS *^),
Blinding ; making obscure and enigma-
tical (a verse or sentence) ; blindness ; ob-
scurity ;— dar zabani ta'miya, In enigma-
tical language.

A J^*«> ta'mid (v.u. 2 of Propping
up, blocking up, damming (a current) ;
baptizing.

Aj«+«> ta'mir (v.n. 2 of Building;
rebuilding; mending, repairing; making
habitable, cultivated, and populous ; grant-
ing long life; praying to God to bless with
a long life; ascribing long duration to,
characterizing by perpetuity.

a ta'mlq (v.n. 2 of Making

deep, deepening; penetrating deeper, push-
ing farther; being far-sighted.

a J***> ta'mll (v.n. 2 of J-*^), Causing to
act; putting in force, carrying out, execu-
ting; execution, performance; exercise ;
appointing one governor of a province or
collector of revenue.

a ta'mim (v.n. 2 of Rendering
universal ; comprehending, reaching all ;
generality, universality; indefiniteness.

a ta'annut (v.n. 5 of «-^), Seeking
the depression or destruction (of an adver-
sary) ; trying to find out one's fault or sin ;
finding fault with.

A <-V*> ta'nif (v.n 2 of <-a^), Reproach-
ing harshly, blaming severely ; repnath.

A ta'nln (v.n. 2 of £c), Impotency.

A ta'auwud (v.n. 5 of Jj c ), Being ac-
customed ; making a habit or custom.

a jyu ta'auwuz (v.n. 5 of jjc), Fleeing (to
God), taking refuge.

A vSjJ" ta'auwuq (v.n. 5 of Jje), Being
hindered, turned away from ; hanging back.

a g»j*>' ta'wlj (v.n. 2 of gjc), Bending,
making crooked ; twisting ; perverting.

a •!?.)*> ta'wld (v.n. 2 or Ojfi), Habituating,
training (a dog for hunting) ; introducing
or prescribing a custom, manner, or
fashion.

a -i?.}*? ta'wlz (v.n. 2 of •Jj*), Praying for
protection ; causing to take refuge with ; a
charm, amulet, phylactery ; a magic Bquare ;
a tombstone; — ta'wizi dsmdn, Gemini;—
ta'wizi simin, The stars.

a <jii}*> ta'wlz (v.n. 2 of y^)- Recompen-
sing, rewarding, compensating ; giving or
doing in exchange or return ; substituting.

a (Jfcj* 5 ta'wiq (v.n. 2 of jys), Delaying;
hindering, preventing, restraining ; suspend-
ing, suspension.

a Jjj*i ta'wll (v.n. 2 of Jys), Laying a
burden upon ; asking assistance, imploring
help; constructing a shelter from the rain
('Mat).

A f*i!}*> ta'wim (v.n. 2 of pf), Laying down
corn (when reaping) by handfuls ; bearing
fruit every second year (a palm-tree) ;
making swim.

a j^w ta'ahhud (v.n. 5 of •>•«<»), Minding,
attending to, looking after, tending, taking
care of ; making new ; agreement, covenant
contract, engagement, promise; lease, rent;
— ta'ahhudi taelim hard, He agreed to sur-
render.

a } \j a,,*; ta'ahhud-ddr, A lease-holder,
holder of an agreement, &c.

a ta'aiyush (v.n. 5 of u^**), Procu-
ring a livelihood by labour and industry,
labouring for a living; leading a pleasant
life ; rejoicing.

a J*-> ta'aiyal (v.n. 5 of J^), Land held
by a member of a royal family (especially
applied to the royal family of Dehli), :r
royal appanage ; — ta'aiyuli shdhi, The royal
domains (around Dehli).

a ta'ljL (vulg. for ta'aiyun, v.n. 5 of
y-^), Specifying, fixing, determining, as-
signing, appointing, deputing, establishing;
appointment, establishment, Ac.

a u^L~«3' ta'mdt (vulg, for ta'aiynndt, pi.
of the preceding), Appointments ; service,
duty ; station, post, command, garrison.

a ^U^xi' ta'mdtl (vulg. for ta'aiyitndti).
Appointment, service, duty ; the object or
business of an appointment ; a detachment
of troops, guard, garrison.

a ta'ylr (v.n. 2 of Reproaching,
reviling, disgracing.

A Jn**> (v.n. 2 of J**), Supporting a
family, providing adequately for its main-
tenance.

a (j^mm ta'yln (v.n. 2 of <^), Specifying,
assigning, appointing ; — ta'yhi ehudan, To

( 811 )

J*

be assigned, appointed, &c. ; — ta'yln farmu-
dan (kardan, numudan), To assign, appoint,
Ac. (see <jj*«» ta'in),

A uuU^^ai ta'yindt (pi. of the preceding),
Appointments, &c.

A (j^Uf tagfedbun (v.n. 6 of ^t^), Defraud-
ing, cheating one another ; mutual decep-
tion;— yaumxi 't-tagh.abun, Tho Day of
Judgment.

jW taghar, A provision-bag 1 hung by a
horseman at each side of his horse ; an
earthen dish or bowl ; any certain allowance
of provisions, or stipend, on which a person
depends ; a measure.

»jV*5 tayhara, A measure ; a wash-tub.

taijhdri, A small tub or trough, a
kneading trough.

A JiU> tagitafvl (v.n. 6 of J**), Feigning
negligence ; being intentionally negligent,
conniving; negligence, inadvertency, care-
lessness.

<* "Af? Ji^*J tagrftaful-bisha, ^v— ■> J*^*'

taghdful-paBand, ^U? tag£.dfiil-eh,i'd,r,
Negligent, careless, inattentive.

a tsj^fc JiUf tagk&ful-ski'dri, Negligence,
carelessness.

i ir^ jm» taghaful-hash, Negligent, care-
less.

a 4 _ s iit*> tagJidfuli, Negligence, careless-
ness.

A ^-JU> taghillub (v.n. 6 of Over-
coming one another.

A ^V*> tagkayur (v.n. 6 of , Difference,
diversity, discrepancy.

(J*> (ug/duih, A pancake, fritter.

>s*J taghtaz, A pancake, a fritter.

taghtagji, twjhtuyh,, A corn-measure,
equal to four (according to others to one)
ass-loads; a pancake, fritter.

T <jj' i *> tugfrdari, A bustard.

A ijJJu taghaddi (v.n. 5 of j^i), Eating
early, breakfasting ; dinner.

A tagksiyat (v.n. of j^), Pood, nou-
rishment.

jU.j*< tayharchaq, FinisheJ, prepared (see

M-

Aij** tughni, An emperor's sign manual
(see lykt).

A. s-ij* 5 taijhrlb (v.n. 2 of s^), Removing
to a distance, banishment, transportation,
imprisonment.

A fijXi tagferir (v.n. 2 of }*), Exposing
oneself to danger; filling (a bottle) ; pre-
paring to fly, meditating flight (a bird).

A ^t/s tag&rim (v.n. 2 of tf), Fining,
mulcting.

a j>ykj taghzlr (v.n. 2 of jy*), Omitting to
milk (a camel) every other time, that the
milk may be increased.

A ^-i**? tagliashshi (v.n. 5 of ,_s-^), Cover-
ing oneself ; having sexual intercourse.

A iagjt.ziyat, tagjiziya (v.n. 2 of <j«^),
Dividing into portions ; putting aside, se-
parating from the rest.

A ^Ui' tagliattl (v.n. 5 of J 3 *)* Coveringi
concealing.

A taghtiyat (v.n. 2 oE j^), Covering ;
enveloping in its darkness (night).

a Jtj**» taghfil (v.n. 2 of Jit), Reproving
for negligence, calling (one) negligent and
forgetful, regarding (one) as such.

J*» tughal, Sheepfold.

a s-l*» tagfelib, Name of an Arabian tribe.

a U? tag&allub (v.n. 5 of s-1*), Subju-
gating, taking possession (of a city); pre-
vailing upon, conquering; taking advantage
of ; cheating ; forgery, embezzlement ; falsi-
fication, adulteration.

a l ^A*> tag&labi (rarely tag&libi), Of or
belonging to the tribe of Taghlib.

a s-al*3 ta gh lib (v.n. 2 of ■t-J*), Render-
ing superior or victorious; prevalence.

A crs 1 " tag&Us ( v -u. 2 of i_r-l*), Travel-
ling by night; — iigklis (?), Name of a city
founded by Sikandar in Arman.

a W*» tag/ilit (v.n. 2, of Ui), Accusing of
an error, charging with blunder; inducing
into error.

a tiffUi" tagliliz (v.n. 2 of kA*), Making a
thing rough and oppressive to anyone.

a <-i*W taghW ( v - n - 2 of Cover-
ing with a sheath (ghildf), encasing.

a j.^* 5 ' taghllq (v.n. 2 of (jli), Shutting
or fastening (a door).

a tagliammud (v.n. 5 of J**), Cover-
ing with mercy, saving a sinner (God) ;
filling a vessel.

***J tagAma, A badge of honour ; a mark
which artists put on their productions; the
device on a shield or medal.

A tagkmiz (v.n. 2 of (j***), Half

shutting the eyes ; conniving at, indul-
ging; speaking unintelligibly, myste-
riously; subtilty of speech.

£Jv ta gh na gh . A corn-measure of four
ass-loads (see

a (ji** tag^annl (v.n. 5 of (j^), Singing;
cooing ; celebrating a mistress in song ;
being contented, able to do without.

jytf tugliur, jyt; Uigkwi, Misspellings for

a ft** taghmyur, in P. commonly pro-
nounced taghlr (v.n. 5 of jt£), Being
changed, altered, disturbed; change, alte-
ration; becoming vitiated or corrupt ; falsi-
fication; removal; — taghwi bdlin. Turning
the pillow from one side to the other, rest-
lessness.

a olpii taghaiyurdt (pi. of the prece-
ding), Alteration, chauges.

a <J*>*> iayjiaiyuz (v.n. 5 of y6*t), Dimi-
nishing ; keeping back the tears ; settling
in a wood.

a M» taghaiyuz (v.n. 5 of k-A), Being en-
raged, infuriated.

a s->*!! J " taghyib (v.n. 2 of s~*i), Causiug
to be absent, removing.

A.jt^ti> tapiytr (v.n. 2 of Altering,

( 312 )

making a change (either for the better or
the worse) ; change, alteration; removing,
dismissing from office, discharging; dis-
charge, dismissal ; — tagkylr dddan, To
change (v.a.) ; — iagjiyiri 'amal, Deteriora-
tion, disease of a function ; — tagltyiri quw-
wati 'asabi, A nervous disease; — taghyiri
makani rahirn, Prolapse of the womb ; —
taghyiri hi'ati rutubati zujajlya, Synchysis,
confusion of the humours of the eye ; —
tagKylr yaftan, To change (v.n.) ; to become
changed (mtn.cc).

a uu^-f*; lag&yirdt (pi. of the preceding),
Alterations, changes ; — ia g&yvrdti jastnani-
ya, Organic diseases ; — taghylrdti nafsdniya,
Passions; abberrations of the mind.

<-A> taf, Flame, heat, warmth ; bright-
ness, effulgence ; vapour, exhalation ; cor-
ruption, rottenness, stench ; [tafi Ugh, The
brilliancy (according to others the clashing)
of a sword]; — tuf, Spittle ; — tufi khuni, Spit-
ting of blood ; hemoptisis ;■ — tuf kardan, To
spit.

a *-AJ tuff, Nail-pa.rings ; dirt under the
nails; (for tuffan) fie! for shame.

a e^> tuffuh. An apple ; — tufftihi indhi
(moon-npple), The orange or lemon.

a ^-US tafakhur (v.n. 6 of f*±), Mutual
boasting ; glorying ; boast, vaunt ; — taf a.
lehur biidan {kardan), To boast mutually ;
to vie in boasting.

«— 4J tuf. dan, A spittoon (see Ja>),

a jijW tafdruq (v.n. 6 of j/), Separation;
division.

a (Jte>l4> tafariq (pi. of tafriq), Intervals ;
distinct parts ; instalments.

Aj«~>lA! tafdsir (pi. of taf sir), Commenta-
ries, especially to the Qur'an.

a J«-Aa> tafdsil (pi. of tafsil), Divisions
into sections, distinct discourses ; assort-
ments; — bar tafdsil, In detail.

A J*Us tafdzul (v.n. 6 of Jii), Contend-
ing for, or pretending to, pre-exeellence.

£U» tafdp&, The skul) ; — tifdgb. (tafagk,
tilfdyh), A cup.

a Jto tufdl, Spittle, saliva ; froth, foam ;
— tafa"ul (v.n. 5 of J*U), Taking a good
omen ; prognosticating well.

a yJ*\ 42 W tufala'i dhan, Slag, dross.

a tafdni (v.n. 6 of Destroying
each other ; perishing together.

a l^Ias tafdwvt (v.n. 6 of ^y), Being
absent, far asunder ; difference, distinction,
separation, disparity, discrepancy, contra-
diction ; distance, interval ; — ba-rayi man
iafdwut na-mi&unad, It is nil the same to
me (m.c),

a JjUf tafd'ul (v.n. 6 of J'U), Auguring,
foreboding; augury, omen ; bibliomancy.

is^Ju toft, Warm, hot ; heat, warmth ;
rage ; haste, expedition ; waviug, walking
in a stately manner ; name of an intoxica-
ing root; name of a place in the province
of Yazd.

a u^%s» tafattut (v.n. 5 of ia-J), Being
broken or crumbled.

^&*> taftagl, Heat, warmth ; anguish,
teen, sorrow.

taftan, To burn, to be hot ; to he
angry ; to warm, to heat ; to put in a rage ;
fo hasten, to run ; to wait with a stately
pace.

**4S tafia, Hot ; melted ; twisted ; dis-
pleased ; weighed down ; disturbed ; a mad-
dening root ; a spider's web.

£*r tafta-jirjar, Hectic ; inflamed with
love.

Jo &x£ taftah-dil, Heartsick, despond-
ing.

A taftih (v.n. 2 of j-jJ), Opening.

qmJS taftidan, To wax hot.

^jji ct~A> taft-yazdi, Name of a j la.ee in
Persia (= ■j-H taft above).

a (jt.jdg taftish (v.n. 2 of i_A**), Investi-
gating, examining, searching diligently;
inquiry, examination ; scrutiny, research ;
itiquisitiveness.

a j"^" taftishi, Investigation, research ;
an inquisitor, commissary, investigator,
examiner.

•iit^ taftlk. Goats' hair resembling silk,
growing at the roots of the loog hair, and
often more valuable (of which shawls are
made) ; steam from a boiling pot.

A J**A» taftil (v.n. 2 of J*i), Twisting (a
rope).

a t^~=4» taftm (v.n. 2 of Exciting
sedition, raising tumults; seducing, infa-
tuating ; bewitching.

A t±-tf taf as (v.n. of *±~ts), Purifying
oneself before performing the sacred cere-
monies at Mecca.

a tafaijur (v.n. 5 of Being set
a flowing, bursting out and running rapidly
(wa.ter) ; suppuration.

a tafjir (v.n. 2 of ;»*), Causing to
burst forth, setting a flowing, permitting
(water) to run or diffuse itself.

a tafjV (v.n. *2 of Giving pain,

afflicting.

a (y*^ tafahkus (v.n. 5 of o 0 * 4 ), In-
quiring diligently; investigation, inquiry,
search; disquisition.

a Ja*A> tafahhul (v.n. 5 of J**), Resem-
bling a stallion (fahl) ; be valiant.

a tafhim (v.n. 2 of t**J), Making

(the face) black.

Ay4*>" tafakhthur (v.n. 5 of ^sfei), Being
proud, boasting, and ram; pride, arro-
gance.

a tafkhim (v.n. 2 of ,^y) , Magnify-
ing, honouring; pronouncing (a letter) full
or open (opposed to imiilat).

a >±>j& tafarrus (v.n. 5 of ^j 1 ), Fainting
of a pregnant woman.

At& tafarruj (v.n. 5 of er 4 ), Enjoying
social intercourse ; relaxation, recreation j

amusement, fun ; — tafarruj kardan, To be
amused, delighted, entertained.

a fcW g^4>' tafarruj-gdh, A delightful place
lor recreation (as a garden, meadow, or
theatre) .

tafarchwjh, Finished, prepared.

a tj® tafarrith (v.n. 5 of t/), Ease; lei-
sure, refreshment.

A «y» tafarrud (v.n. 5 of Singula-
rity, separation (from the rest of the
world).

a tafarrus (v.n 5 of y^), Looking
steadilv at, considering closely ; perceiving
from indications, judging from physio-
gnomy ; intuitive perception ; discernment,
understanding, intelligence.

a tafarru 1 (v.n. ft of Being pro-
pagated, multiplied (branches), branching
out, becoming evolved (as propositions
from a root).

A £/* tafarrugk (v.n. 5 of Being
vacant, at leisure, having finished work.

•si/s tafragha, tafrig&a, A city in China.

a tafarruq (v.n. 5 of J/), Being se-
parated, divided, scattered, terrified, routed ;
becoming dispersed ; discrimination, sepa-
ration ;—tafarruqi ittisal, Solution of con-
tinuity (med.).

a ttyff tafriqat, tafriqa (v.n. 2 of J^i),
Scattering, dispersing, dissipating; dis-
tinction, discrimination ; discord, disunion,
misunderstanding ; distractedness ; dis-
tress ; divorce.

a jjtys? tafrlj (v.n. 2 of gji), Banishing
grief, dispelling care.

a tafrih (v.n. 2 of t;i), Exhilarating,
rejoicing, gladdening ; gratification; diver-
sion, recreation, amusement; fun, jest.

a iafrihan, For the sake of amuse-
ment, recreation, diversion; in fun, in jest,
by way of joke.

A J>y» tafrld (v.n. "2 of Jji), Eetiring, lead-
ing a solitary life (on account of devotion) ;
asceticism of a Sufi ; excelling in science,
being unique in scholarship.

yj^ys tafridan, To roaBt, to fry.

a y~>y» tafrit (v.n. 2 of u-/), Tearing to
pieces, rending.

a Sajys tafrit (v.n. 2 of £> } i), Acting care-
lessly, failing in the performance of any
duty, forgetting, relinquishing, losing an
opportunity; leaving behind; averting,
warding off evil ; putting to a distance.

A tafri' (v.n. 2 of £ji), Drawing

forth, bringing out, evolving propositions
from an original principle; climbing a
mountain ; descending.

a MjH tafrigk (v.n. 2 of £y), Emptying a
vessel ; pouring forth, causing to gush
out.

a tafriq (v.n. 2 of jji), Separating,
discriminating ; scattering ; division ; dis-
tribution, partition ; analysis ; classifica-
tion ; class, department; subtraction;

( 313 ) jt*S

suspicion, misunderstanding ;

jealousy,
schism.

a £>jtf tafzi' (v.n. 2 of £/), Striking with
(error ; delivering from fear or apprehen-
sion.

tafs, Heat, warmth.
(jU-A? tafsdn, Hot.

<*— A> tafsa, tufea, A mole on the face ;
grief, uneasiness, restlessness; an inclina-
tion ; a longing (as in pregnant women or
o(duoj-eaters).

tafsiya (G. Qatyla), The deadly
carrot, thapsia.

O'M' tafsidan (Z. tafs), To grow warm.

» A <r ~ Ai tafsida, Burned, warmed, very
hot.

yl-J a. v . . .. , A? tafsida-laban, Chapped-lipped.

A tafeir (v.n. 2 of ; — *), Explaining,
expounding; discovering the meaning of a
difficult passage ; explanation, commentary,
paraphrase ; an interpretation of the
Qur'an ; inspecting the urine of a sick
person.

a tafslra, Urine-bottle to be offered
to a physician for inspection.

a ijs^ii tafsiq (v.n. 2 of >J— i ), Calling
or making one profligate, depraving, per-
verting.

Ale—A? tafsila, A kind of rich silken stuff.
tafsh, Reproach ; — taflsh, Heat-
warmth ; foam ; spittle.

ij&j£ tafehara, tafshira, A stew of vege^
tables.

J-AJS* tafshal, A reproach, chiding, railing,
b, curse.

*lA4» tafshila, A dish of meat, eggs, car
rots, and honey.

<ww> tafsha, A reproach, curse, chiding
railing.

yj tafsha-mn, One who chides, re'

proaches, curses, calumniates.

ijt~sJS tafshira, A dish of lentils (comp
tjAJS, ilAm and the following).

ii&iJu tafshila, A dish of meat, eggs, car-
rots, and honey.

a ^^e*&> tafsll (v.n. 2 of J-*), Separating
or distinguishing one thing from another ;
analysis, detail, particulars ; an assortment;
statistics ; — md baina iafsil, As follows
(m.c).

a "Su-a4J tafsilan, and —

a 4iX~«A> tafsildna, Distinctly, at full
length, clearly explained in detail.

a, J«-A>' tafsll narna, Minutes, report.

a J~«A> tafsll-tvdr, Distinctly ; circum-
stantially ; in detail.

a J^4> tafazzul (v.n. 5 of J-*), Excelling,
being eminent, assuming a superiority;
excess ; conferring a favour, favouring,
obliging ; favour, obligation, kindness, be-
neficence.

a uw!Ua» tafazzuldt (pi. of the preceding),
Favours, kindnesses.

a u^tf tafazzl (v.n. 5 of Getting out

( 314 )

of straits or difficulties ; having leisure for
a thing.

a tafzlh (v.n. 2 of c^*), Exposing
another's vices or faults, putting to shame ;
disgrace, disrepute, ignominy.

A J«iw tafzil (v.n, 2 of J-*»), Preferring,
exalting ; excellence ; pre-eminence ; pre-
ference ; — iemi tafzil, A comparative or su-
perlative noun, noun of comparison (tafzili
nafal, positive degree ; tafzili ba'z, compa-
rative; tafzili hull, superlative).

AjJaiS taftir (v.n. 2 of Causing one
to break the fast ; make one breakfast.

A j^tf taftin (v.n. 2 of yk»), Making
one to understand, to look at, or to con-
sider (anything).

a tafaqqud (v.n. h of J£i), Searching
for anything lost ; inquiring diligently,
wishing to know ; seeking to gain the
heart, sympathy, kindness, commiseration.

a AaA> tafaqquh (v.n. 5 of *ai), Studying
divine subjects ; being skilled in jurispru-
dence (fiqh).

ueU> tufah, t>*J «aU» tufaki dahan, A tube
for shooting clay balls through by the force
of the breath ; a musket (see <j£i*»).

sjJJu taf-hada, A hearth, a chafing-dish, a
portable grate for coals.

AjiAS tafakkur (v.n. 5 of ^*), Thinking,
reflecting, meditating, considering; anxiety;
— tafakkur kardan, To consider.

A a£a» tafakkuh (v.n. 5 of Admiring,
being filled with astonishment ; enjoying;
being penitent, grieving, lamenting; peni-
tence, repentance.

a^A> tafkir (v.n. 2 of Considering,
reflecting; anxiety.

a <sW<4> tafkik (v.n. 2 of <Ai), Disjoining,
separating one thing from another.

A J*» tafl (v.n. of Ji»), Spitting, ejecting
Bmall saliva from the mouth ; — tuft, Spittle,
saliva ; froth, foam.

taflls, tiflis, A city in Georgia.

A ij-^m taflis (v.n. 2 of Declaring
one a bankrupt.

A tsAJ^ tafllk (v.n. 2 of itUi), Swelling
(the breasts of a maiden) ; having swelling
breasts (a virgin) ; making a muzzle of
hair or wool to prevent a camel's colt from
sucking.

t^-ltf taflOn (Heb. p'v'Dfl), Phylacteries,
frontlets.

laSUAJ tafndk, Stinking, ill-smelling.

4i£iW tufang, A musket ; an iron war-
rocket; — tufang afgandan (andakhtan), To
fire a shot (m.c.) ; — tufang jehwurdan, To
be hit by a shot ; — tufangi dingl (?), A mus-
ket with flint-lock (m.c); — tufangi eoxani,
A needle-gun (m.c).

t tufangchi, A musketeer j a

rifleman.

j\j tufang-ddr, Gun-bearer, keeper

of the guns (in the service of a prince, m.c).

isSUiS tufang-sae, A gun-maker.

oCub" tnfang-tdzi, Manufactory of
small arms (m.c).

a y-»A> tafannun (v.n. 5 of Being of
different sorts, of various kinds ; diversion,
pastime, amusement, fun.

<>f& tafnud, Courage, fortitude.

tafna, ^yiS tafni, A spider's web.

A tafnid (v.n, 2 of «wi), Accusing of
falsehood ; urging to the performance of
an act ; charging with error ; accusing of
fraud or deception ; pronouncing one to be
insane or weak ; despising, treating with
contempt.

tafu, Pho ! fie !— tufa, Spittle.

^ys tafur, 3ytf tafaz, Clay ; earthenware.

a jj« tafauwuq (v.n. 5 of jj*), Exalt-
ing oneself, pretending to superiority ; su-
periority ; ascendancy ; doing a thing by
degrees.

a Jj*> tafauwul (for tafa"ul, v.n. 5 of
J^), Presaging happily, taking a good
omen from a name ; presaging from a pas-
sage in a book opened by chance ; biblio-
mancy.

A tafauwuh (v.n. 5 of »y), Speak-
ing, pronouncing, delivering (a speech) ;
being talkative.

a i/iys tafunz (v.n. 2 of y 4 }*), Recom-
mending, enjoining, committing, consign-
ing, resigning, confiding, referring to
another; placing in trust or deposit ; ces-
sion; recommending; giving (a woman) in
marriage without a dower.

tafa. Hatred, enmity, revenge, vindic-
tive ness ; fog.

A tafah (v.n.), Being little, mean, con-
temptible; — tafih, Insipid; — tufah (tafk),
Lynx (— ^JiyS q.v.).

a tafahhum (v.n. 5 of Under-
standing, conceiving, apprehending.

a fru^S tajhim (v.n. 2 of f«f), Giving to
understand ; teaching, instructing, inform-
ing.

y-M? tafidan, To get warm, heated by
the fire ; to sit in the sun, to expose to the
fire or sun ; to crack or chap by the heat ;
to scrape together, secure an advantage for
oneself.

\^*» tafird, tufaira, ut^e*? tuflrak, A soft
white stone, gravel stone.

tafin, A ** AJ tafina, A spider ; a spider's

web.

M» tafya (prob. from A. A pro-

jection over a door to shelter against sun
or rain,

a J»^J taqdbul (v.n. 6 of J-fi), Encoun-
tering, standing face to face, looking at one
another ; being drawn up in mutual oppo-
sition.

a JiUs taqdtul (v.n. 6 of Jj*), Fighting,
slaying one another.

a taqddurn (v.n. 6 of Being
ancient, antique, old; preceding, going be-

IB ( 315 ) jX

fore ; fronting each other ; (in law) such a
distance of time as suffices to prevent
punishment.

a^jjUj taqddir (pi. of taqdir), Pates, de-
crees.

_>to taqdr, A wallet, &c. (see _>^*>).
a <vj& toqdruh (v.n. 6 of Approach-
ing one another ; being near.

a p~\JS taqdsum (v.n. 6 of j*—*), Divi-
ding, sharing among themselves ; swear-
ing to each other.

a ^la? taqdss (v.n. 6 of o"), Retaliating
upon one another.

a j~*\S> taqdslr (pi. of taqsir), Defects,
shortcomings, &c.

a l&Us taqdzd' (for taqdzi, v.n. 6 of ^y 4 *),
Dunning, exacting; a demand; exaction,
requisition, claim; urgeuey, importunity,
exigence; prompting, impulse; — t'lqdzd'i
einn, The customs, habits, or requirements
of different ages, as of childhood, youth,
manhood, &c. ; — taqdzd'i ehadld, Inexor-
able dunning •, — taqaza,' hardan, To exact.

a ^jjU^S taqdzd'i, Exacting, pressing,
urgent, importunate, solicitous.

a (_yito taqdzi (v.n. 6 of ,j*>), Demand-
ing ; receiving payment.

A^Uas iaqdtur (v.n. 6 of ft), Being con-
tinuous ; distilling drop by drop ; raining.

a gUa> taqdtu' (v.n. 6 of Being dis-

united, alienated, giving each other the
cut ; being detached or placed separately ;
cutting or crossing each other; intersection.

A n\ss taqdzd (v.n. 6 of ■*«), Backward-
ness, dilatoriness, negligence ; desisting
(from a work).

A 4~JVa? taqdllh (pi. of taqlib), Changes,
revolutions.

a taqdwat. Piety ; abstinence, conti-
nence.

A Jjto taqdwul (v.n. 6 of Jy>), Conver-
sing together.

a taqdwum (v.n. 6 of py), Rising one
against another, getting up to fight; oppo-
sing one another.

a taqdwl (v.n. 6 of ^y), Strengthen-
ing, assisting ; money advanced to tenants
(to pay for seed, &c.) ; vying, contending ;
ransoming, redeeming each other.

A (j&tS taqahbuz (v.n. 5 of ^!), Mutual
surrender, silent exchange of an article and
its cost.

a J*s> taqabbul (v.n. 5 of J**), Receiving
favourably, admitting, accepting.

a uuitS taqabbuldt (pi. of the preceding),
Favourable receptions, Ac. ; — taqabbuldt
rtumiidan, To make a request and have it
granted.

taqbih (v.n. 2 of Exposing a

foul deed; doing (anything) in a coarse
and ugly manner ; making ugly.

a Jet*" taqbll (v.n. 2 of J«j>), Kissing ; a
kiss.

Aj*dS taqtir (v.n. 2 of fi), Sparing ex-

pense, keeping domestics at short allow-
ance.

A (j— & taqaddus (v.n. 5 of Being
pure and holy ; purity, sanctity, holiness •,
— taqaddasa (3rd pers. sing. pret. of the
preceding, used optatively), May he be
sanctified ! — taqaddasa via ta'dld, May (He)
be sanctified and exalted !

a taqaddum (v.n. 5 of p>*>), Prece-
ding ; stepping forward, advancing ; pre-
cedence, pre-excellence, preference, priority.

a &*Ai> taqdimat, taqdima, taqdama, The
proposition of a syllogism ; advance (of
money); final adjustment of an account;
an estimate, a budget ; being in advance.

sjju taqda, Coriander.

Afi^ 1 taqdir (v.n. 2 of j^i), Measuring;
dividing, apportioning subsistence or daily
bread ; ordering, ordaining; thinking, con-
sidering, supposing; the Divine decree ; pre-
destination, inevitable decree, fixed fate ;
destiny; lot; — bar taqdir, On the supposi-
tion,

a taqdirdt (pi. of the preceding),

Decrees.

a tSjjAS! taqdiri, Having the efficacy with-
out the sensible or material part ; real, vir-
tual.

a (j-»<M» taqdis (v.n. 2 of y^), Purifying,
sanctifying, consecrating, calling holy;
purity ; sanetification, sanctity ; magnifica-
tion.

a taqdim (v.n. 2 of (••!>*), Giving pre-
cedence ; preferring, promoting ; serving
up, setting (food) before anyone ; present-
ing ; sending forward, sending on before
(virtuous or vicious deeds) ; putting one
before another ; transposition.

a vj® taqarrub (v.n. 5 of s^y)> Seeking
admittance, striving to draw near ; hoping
to render (the Deity) propitious by sacri-
fices ; being near ; propinquity, nearness,
approximation, approach ; access ; — kasbi
taqarrub hardan, To gain admission, to get
the ear (of a great man), to procure favour.

a eyff taqarruh (v.n. 5 of cy*), Ulcer, ul-
ceration ; — taqarruhi 'azrni, Caries, cario-
sity.

a ut>U.ys taqarruhdt (pi, of the prece-
ding), TJlcers; — taqarruhdti bini, Ozena; —
taqarruhdti muzmini halqunh, Consumption
of the throat.

SJjiS taqirda, Cumin, caraway-seeds.

a ))*> taqarrur (v.n, 5 of ji), Being esta-
blished ; confirmation, approbation, ratifica-
tion ; settlement ; appointment ; appropria-
tion.

a i^y 3 ' taqarruri, Settlement, appoint-
ment.

a £f> taqarru' (v.n. 5 of £y>), Turning
from one side to the other, tossing about
(in bed).

»ys taqira, Caraway-seeds, cumin (flee

( 316 )

a <-^5» taqrib (v.n. 2 of vj'X Giving ac-
cess, causing to approach ; bringing near ;
approaching; approximation, proximity ;
access; commending, recommending, men-
tioning; recommendation; occasion, con-
juncture; festive occasion, ceremony, rite ;
cause, means, motive ; pretence ; appear-
ance, probability ; — taqrib dldan, To see a
means, a motive, a probability.

a. "WiyB* taqriban, Near to, about, approxi-
mately.

a uu\*4j£> taqribdt (pi. of taqrib)., Occasions ;
festive occasions, festivals, ceremonies, &c.

a ( _ s *i!/ f taqribl, Conjectural, probable.

taqrir (v.n. 2 of >*), Confirming ;
constituting, appointing ; speaking, dis-
coursing ; relating, explaining ; a narra-
tive, relation, recital, account, detail ; a
statement, assertion, exposition ; an avowal,
confession; an official report; pleasure,
delight ; — taqrir kardan. To speak, to de-
clare, to say ; to confirm, constitute, esta-
blish (in power).

a "\^y» taqriran, By word of mouth,
orally.

a taqrU (v.n. 2 of yj*), Chilling;

congealing.

a ^fiJ taqriz (v.n. 2 of ky), Praising the
living (justly or unjustly) ; reviewing, re-
view.

a £>.f> taqri' (v.n. 2 of £/), Reproaching,
reviling, reproving, chiding ; striking.

(aXjyS taqrlk, Instruction, education, ad-
monition.

a laqassum (v.n. 5 of f> — »), Being
divided, scattered.

a f w«< taqsim, (v.n. 2 of (t^), Distribu-
ting, dividing, sharing ; giving to be
divided ; scattering, dispersing ; distribu-
tion, partition, allotment ; division in arith-
metic; — taqsimi jam', An assessment of
land; a rent-roll; — taqsim numildan, To
distribute, allot.

a — 3> taqsimi, An assessment of taxes
in lots.

x <_A.iii> taqaslishuf (v.n. 5 of <-A-S>»),
Living poorly ; being scantily fed and
coarsely clothed.

a j~i£> taqshlr (v.n. 2 of _>■*•*), Peeling,
unbarking, excoriating.

Aj~o5» taqslr (v.n. 2 of ;***), Being de-
ficient, unequal to; defect, failure; omission,
shortcoming -, mistake, error, fault ; offence,
misdemeanour, crime ; guilt, blame, abbre-
viation; (construed with the verbs uftddan,
amadan, bastan, raftan, kardan.)

A taqsirat (pi. of taqslr), Errors,

failings, &o.

a J* j p-eHS taqsir-ddr, Culprit ; guilty
(m.c).

a ^ taqslr-kdr, A sinner, one who
has committed a fault (m.c).
js*® taqsir-mand, and —
St**® taqsir-war, Faulty, culpable.

A gU" taqaUu' (v.u. 5 of Being
divided or dividing into several parts.

A jJeE taqtlr (v.n. 2 of p), Causing to
drop, or to come away drop by drop ; dis-
tilling, distillation ; passing (urine, &c.) in
drops ; strangury ; diabetes ; gonorrhoea ; —
taqtlr kardan, To distil.

a taqtl' (v.u. 2 of gk»), Cutting in
several pieces, hacking, hashing, mincing ;
dissectiug ; (in prosody) scanning ; the
cesura or pause in verse; taking pains;
donning a garment, &c.

a taq'ld (v.n. 2 of •>**), Desisting

or causing to desist ; neglecting ; attend-
ing to.

A^**a» taq'ir (v.n. 2 of ^«i), Going to the
bottom; — taq'lri kharijl'i'azmi khdsira, Ex-
ternal iliac fosse (med.); — taq'lri dakMWi
'azwii khdsira, Internal iliac fosse (med.) ;
— taq'lri mafsali fakki afsal, Glenoid fosse
of temporal bone (med.).

a s-~»ka? taqtjb (v.n. 2 of s-^*), Frowning ;
— taqtlbu 'l-wajh, Looking austere, knitting
of the brows.

a J*AS> taqjil (v.n. 2 of Jtt), Locking
(doors) ; keeping, guarding, preserving.

a s-*l&' taqallub (v.n. 5 of s-J*), Rolling,
tossing oneself ; being turned, being in-
verted ; turn, change, inversion, conver-
sion.

a uul4s! taqallubdt (pi. of the preceding),
Changes, turns ; lies, cheatings, trickeries
(m.c).

a jIs* taqallud (v.n. 5 of aU), Being
adorned with a necklace (a woman), with a
collar (an animal) ; being preferred to, or
confirmed in, an office ; receiving an inves-
titure.

^a? tuqli, A lamb six months old.

a 'T-J'S' taqlib (v.n. 2 of s-J-i), Revolving,
inverting, turning upside down; turning
inside out; inverting, changing; inversion,
conversion ; change, transposition, trans-
mutation ; impulsion.

a taqllbl, Changed, converted;

transposed, &c.

a JuSSi taqlld (v.n. 2 of jJi), Investing
with authority ; investiture ; imitation, re-
presentation ; mimicry ; counterfeiting ; re-
ligious show, without real piety ; hypo-
crisy ; — taqlld kardan, To represent, coun-
terfeit, feign ; to imitate the voice, manner,
or hand of another ; — ahli taqlld, A mimic,
comedian, buffoon ; a hypocrite.

a is^&i iaqlldl, Imitated, forged, coun-
terfeit.

a taqlit (v.n. 2 of tr* 1 *), Beating

the drum {duff), and meeting or going
before kings and other great men, with
that and other musical instruments, on
solemn public occasions. „

a J*la» taqlll (v.n. 2 of J>), Diminishing,
diminution, reduction ; causing to look less;
paucity.

( 317 )

A f>J&-taqUm (v.n. 2 of Paring the
nails.

t jsUtf tuqmdq, Name of a Turkish tribe ;
a mallet, a hammer (see JsWiy).

a taqannu' (v.n. 5 of g^). Putting
on a coif or cap called qind 1 .

a geAiiS Jagwi' (v,n. 2 of Making
contented ; putting on a head-dress, veil-
ing, hooding.

a taqwd, Piety ; the fear of God.

A »\)*» tuqawa' (p). of taqi), Eeligious,
God-fearing men.

TjjS> toque, = jyy q.v.

t</£ taq-a' (Heb. jfipfl), Tekoa near Je-
rusalem (noted for its honey).

A taqauwum (v.n. 5 of Being
straight or straightened.

a Jsyi» taqwd, Fear of God, piety ; absti-
nence; — ahli taqwa, One who fears God;
pious, devout.

A (jjS taqauwi (v.n. 5 of ^yO, Becoming
powerful, strong; strengthening, assisting

A taqwiyat (v.n. 2 of ^j 5 ), Strength
ening ; reinforcing ; confirming, establish
ing; strength; corroboration; support
aid; assurance, confidence; comfort, trust,
reliance.

a (jAjjS taqwlz (v.n. 2 of <j4y>), Demolish-
ing a structure, breaking up a tent.

A Jjyff taqwll (v.n. 2 of Jyi) Eepoiting
that another said bo and so (generally
falsely).

A ,»jtyB taqwim (v.n. 2 of |»y), Making
straight, straightening; setting in order,
fixing, adjusting; directing aright ; putting
a price upon ; estimating, rating ; adjust-
ment, proportion, symmetry ; a calendar,
almanack ; — 'aid ahsani taqwlmin, In the
most perfest symmetry.

tuqa, A button, buckle, clasp.

a ,tjii> tuqa (v.u.), Piety, the fear of God ;
— ashdbi tuqa, The pious.

A M> taqlyat, taqiya (v.n. of <j*0, Fear-
ing God, piety ; caution ; pious fraud or
Bubterfuge taqiya kardan, To dissimulate ;
to pretend to take no notice of.

a ±sX> taqaiyud (v.n. 5 of .***), Binding
oneself; application, attention, diligence,
industry, assiduity, care ; strictness ; su-
perintendence, surveillance ; observation,
vigilance; injunction.

a ual^-JS taqaiyuddt (pi. of the prece-
ding), Injunctions, cautions, &c.

a M> taqaiyuz (for tayaqquz, q.v.), Being
awake.

a &tdS taqyid (v.n. 2 of Jui), Binding,
restraining, repressing ; pointing a book.

tak (imperative and participle of taki-
dan), Run thou ; running; rushing at (tak
awardan, to run fast, to rush towards) ;
the pace of a horse ; a hf at, race ; any
quick motion, stroke, blow ; striking the
dice-box to make the dice lie even ; the

bottom of a well, cistern, &c. ; name of an
aquatic plant of which paper is made,
papyrus ; a kind of grass growing among
wheat ; little, small, moderate in quantity ;
[tak-tak, here and there, separately, de-
tached (m.c ) ; — tak u pu, Eun and search ;
diligent inquiry (see ^y, ) «^); — tak u pu
kardan, To search or examine carefully ;] —
tik, A mouthful, morsel ; before, near ; a
horse ; — tuk, The beak of a bird ; the point
of a dagger or spear; a small lamp, which
gives but little light.

s-*^ 5 tak-db, A channel hollowed out by
a torrent; a pass between two mountains;
uneven grounds, partly under water, partly
dry, partly verdant, partly sterile ; a
funnel; name of a country.

jA£> takdpu, ,^f>^S tak-a-puy, Diligent
search ; a running to and fro ; a bustling
about here and there to no purpose.

a takdsur (v.n. 6 of y^), Disputing
for superiority (in number, affluence, or
offspring).

a <-Ai&' takdsuf (v.n. 6 of Being
thick, compressed, condensed ; thickness,
density.

jtS3 takdr, Eunning ; a swift hors?.

a J— ^» takdsul (v.n. 6 of J— S), Indo-
lence, sluggishness, negligence, careless-
ness.

A y& takdfu' (v.n. 6 of *UT), Being con-
gruous; equality.

takdk, A grape-stone.

t)V&" takdn, A push, a shock, a shake ; —
takdn khwurdan, To be pushed ; to receive
a shock ; to be startled ; — takdn dddan. To
push, to push back or aside ; to shock ; to
wave ; to jolt (mm.ee).

A .-UKs tahmf (pi. of takllj), Troubles,
difficulties, hardships, trials ; impositions,
exactions, levies, taxes.

a J*K? takdmul, A being perfect, com-
plete.

a f_r~a-^> takdmith (pi. of takmish), Pur-
suit, persecution.

a jji^AiS takdmighi, Pursuit, persecu-
tion.

CjjuiVSi takdnidan, To brush or shake off ;
to shake (a tree, &c).

j& tak-dv, A channel hollowed by a tor-
rent ; uneven grounds, partly under water
and partly dry (= q-v.).

tak-dwar, Swift, running ; an am-
bling horse ; a camel ; — tak-dwari ablaq,
The world.; day and night.

A J*^»' takdhul (v.n, 6 of J-t/), Indolence,
negligence, remissness.

a takabbur (v.n. 5 of Being
proud ; pride, haughtiness, arrogance, lof-
tiness, presumption, grandeur.

a takabburi, Pride, &c (= the pre-

ceding).

Jl l ., < ) tak-band, A silken or woollen girdle
with a book and eye at the ends.

( 818 )

a p*>& takbir (v.n. 2 of pi) , Making, call-
ing, or esteeming great ; magnifying God
by saying alldh akbar, God is greatest (con-
strued with the verbs zadan, koftan, kaehi-
dan, aivd guftan).

y\z£s tak-tdt, Haste, speed ; running;
searching, seeking ; be quick ! (see j^Sj).

U u&U& iaMaki pa. The sound of the feet
in running ; — taktaki pa raftan, To frighten
by the noise of the feet ; — taktaki pa ml-
rasanad, He boasts of his bravery and
power.

A pis takassur (v.n. 5 of p$), Abounding,
being plentiful.

A taksir (v.n. 2 of Multiplying,
increasing, augmenting, enlarging.

a <-A*A£> taksif (v.n. 2 of Render-
ing thick, condensing.

A J*^» takahhul (v.n. 5 of J*£), Tingiug
the eyes with crude antimony, or lead-ore
reduced to an impalpable powtier,

A J**^» takhil (v.n. 2 of J*f), Anoint-
ing with collyriuni.

a takaddud (v.n. 5 of If), Labour,
toil ; hardship.

A ialcaddur (v.n. 5 of ;•**"), Being tur-
bid, impure, dark (colour or liquor) ;
being disturbed, troubled (life) ; muddi-
ness, turbidneas; dregs; dulnesB, sullen-
ness, moroseness ; disquietude.

a s-i-^i taknb (v.n. 2 of v<if), Accusing
of falsehood, giving one the lie, treating as
a liar; denying stoutly.

t j# takar, Wheel (m.c).

a takrar (v.n. of f), Returning to
the attack ; repeating often ; repetition ;
tautology ; burden (of a song) ; question,
dispute, altercation ; objection ; — takrar
kardan, To repeat, reiterate.

a is^)* 1 takrdri, Caviller, carper,
wrangler.

Ajy& takarrur (v.n. 5 of Being re-
peated, reiterated ; reiteration ; perseve-
ring.

a £j*> takarru' (v.n. 5 of Washing
and purifying before prayer.

takarunitan (in Zand and Pa-
land), To twist.

A ls->j£j takrit, tukrit, A city and fortress
in Mesopotamia, the birthplace of Saladin.

a f.fi takrir (v.n. 2 of Repeating,
reiterating ; repetition, reply, revisal, re-
newal.

a takrim (v.n, 2 of p/), Honouring,
revering ; calling (one) generous and
noble ; honour, respect, reverence, saluta-
tion; a cushion placed for a man to do
him honour.

A uuUijiJ takrimat (pi. of the precediug),
Reverences, honours, &c.

takath, takuzh, takizh, A grape-stone.
p<S takmh-ddn, &>ta j& takazh-ddna,
The membrane which envelops the grape-
stone ; the husk of the grape.

tokos, Grape-stones.
a y- takassur (v.n, of Being
broken, spent, debilitated ; carrying
(6gures in arithmetic); folding up (the
wings).

taltask, tikask, J~>Sj takasl, A grape-
stone or husk.

A J-~*» takassul (v.n. 5 of J—f), Being
lazy, inactive, indolent; want of energy,
indisposition, sickness.

A.j~~i3 taksir (v.n. 2 of j—^), Breaking in
pieces ; making and declining (a noun) as
a broken or irregular plural ; carrying (in
arithmetic) ; dividing so as to produce a
fraction; superficial measure; — jam'u 't-
taksir, The irregular plural (in which the
singular is often changed into a very diffe-
rent form).

taksin, Name of a Turkish chief-
tain.

ij*«£3 tdkash, Grape-stones ; name of a
king.

tikshimishi, t _jS~±~*& tikshimishi,
_ tikshimishi. Respectful saluta-

tions or presents, or both, offered to a
king.

p ,*' & takshmir, Showing oneself off as a
Kashmlrian, affect the ways and manners
of Buch.

a s-**J3 tak'ib (v.n. 2 of s-*S), Having
swelling breasts (a girl) ; making of a
cubic form.

a jap takafful (v.n. 5 of J**), Becoming
or taking security ; giving caution for
another ; security, bail.

a pj& takfir (v.n. 2 of ytf), Covering, ex-
piating a crime or the breach of an oath,
by doing penance or paying a mulct as
atonement; humbling oneself before an-
other (putting the hand upon the breast,
and inclining the head), snowing distant
respect; accusing of infidelity, calling or
making one an unbeliever ; guiltiness ; —
takjlr kardan, To call one an unbeliever, to
tax with infidelity.

a J*a*j takfil (v.n. 2 of J*£), Giving or
asking security.

a takfin (v.n. 2 of Shrouding
(the dead) ; laying in the coffin ; burial,
sepulture.

J*> takil, tikil, A handsome, unbearded
youth ; a horned and pugnacious sheep ; a
dolt ; disproportionate,

a yKs tukldn, Trust, confidence (in
God).

f&s takaliu, Felt cloth placed under a
saddle to prevent the gilliug of the horse's
back; whiskers.

j^j jiK> takaltu-doz, A maker of saddie-
clothes.

a ta-kalluf (v.n. 5 of >~iiS), Taking
upon oneself; taking pains personally;
gratuitousness, spontaneousness; pains, at-
tention, industry, perseverance; incon-

( 319 )

venience, trouble ; profusion, extravagance;
careful observance of etiquette, ceremony,
formality ; dissimulation, insincerity ; —
takalluf bar taraf Waiving ceremony ; —
takalluf sat&ndan (kardan), To take the
trouble, to take pains, &c.

a w^Ulii takalluf at (pi. of the preceding),
Troubles, inconveniences ; elaborations ;
ceremonies ; compliments, formalities ; —
iakallufdti menu, Ceremonious attentions,
empty compliments j — takallufdti majlis,
The ceremonies of society, etiquette.

a $\y <-A1£j takalluf -mizdj, Ceremonious.

A takallum (v.n. 5 of fiZ), Speaking,
talking; speech, conversation ; — takallumi
sadri, Pectriloquy ; — takallum kardan, To
converse, speak, relate, tell.

tukla, Mad, insane ; name of one of
the Atabaks who reigned in Shlraz.

A <~&JX> takllf (v.n. 2 of Proposing
to, or obliging another to, undertake any
thing difficult or above his strength ; impo-
sing, laying on a burden; trouble, dif-
ficulty, molestation, distress, inconvenience,
annoyance ; ceremony ; duty, the right,
thing to do, what is incumbent (m.c.) ; —
taklif kardan, To charge with any work, to
order to do a thing, to give the trouble of.

a J*K> taklU (v.n. 2 of j*), Crowning;
shining ; being dispirited in battle ; exert-
ing oneself.

a ft^is taklim (v.n. 2 of fM), Speaking ;
wounding.

jUXi tukmdr, tukmar, An arrow

without a point, but with & button in its
place (for practice, see jU**).

a <*U& takmila (v.n. 2 of J*£), Perfec-
tion, completion.

tikma, Gold-embroidered silk; fine
gold ; — tukma, A button (construed with
kardan, bastan, kushadan, nihddan) ; a
knot ; nodosity ; — tukma'i jaib kmhddan,
To unbutton the pocket.

a takmid (v.n. 2 of Fomenting
a distempered limb, and applying warm
bandages to the affected part.

a J**G takmil (v n. 2 of J*S), Finish-
ing, completing, perfecting ; perfection,
excellence; completion; accomplishment;
authentication, authority, validity,; — takmil
dadan, To complete, to make perfect, Ac.

(^6 takan, A fruit-bearing tree.

takand, takanid, tikand, tikind, A
bird's nest ; a poultry-yard.

a (jiS? takannl (v.n. 5 of (j^O, Being de-
scribed by a kunyat or kinayat, i.e. a word
which has properly another meaning ; being
alluded to, hinted at.

takU, Curly, entangled hair ; cakes
baked with butter.

tSji 5 tak-u-puy, Eun ! search ! in-
quiry ; — tak-u-puy kardan, To run fast ; to
inquire or search diligently.

yJj** j\» j tak-U'tda numudan, To run ;
to search diligently.

a.j}& takauwur (v.n. 5 of y<£), Gathering
in or being gathered in ; distilling, drop-
ping ; falling.

yfi> takozh, A grape-stone (see^ii).

<ijX» takok, Jj& takol, A cup made in the
form of an animal ; glass ; — tukuk, A. large
parlour or upper room ; a butt for shoot-
ing at with arrows.

A takamuun (v.n. 5 of yj*)> Being
becoming -, deriving existence.

takawi, Thin cakes ; curly hair.

A^y- takwlr (v.n. 2 of Wrapping
the turban round the head ; throwing
down ; increasing, augmenting ; heaping
goods together and tying them in bales.

A o»j£> takwin (v.n. 2 of yjf), Giving a
being (kaun) or beginning to, causing to
exist, originating, creating ; genesis.

taka, A he-goat that leads the flock ;
a single volume ; dry cow-dung flattened
into cakes used for fuel ; — tika, A mouth-
ful, piece {tika tika, Piecemeal) ; — tikkah,
The string of the drawers ; — tuka, An
arrow without a point, but with a knob at
the end ; a little hill, an eminence.
taki, A run, a race.

takidan, To shake (a carpet) ; to
run to and fro.

y£> takiz, A grape-stone.

takisa, Housings of a horse, saddle ;
saddle-bag.

^.f. a .t t ^<V tikishimiehi, = 1 _ y . i i l ...»..i , ..£> tikshi-
mishi, q.v.

takin, A grape-stone ; lower, infe-
rior; name of a king.

a &e^» takya, A place of repose ; an alcove ;
an elbow-chair ; a pillow; anything upon
which one leans, a prop ; the reserve of an
army; the place or abode of a faqii; —
takya Jchwurdan (dadan, zadan, numudan),
To recline, lean ; to rest ; — takya'i masihi,
A Christian monastery.

a ^W- 4«i> takya-jdy, A resting-place ;
(met.) refuge, asylum.

a &~S> takya-ddr, A monk; a dervish.

a jJtf takya-kalam, A cant word or
phrase introduced into conversation with-
out any meaning (merely to rest upon), an
expletive.

a stf takya-gdh, A resting-place ; a
sofa; (met.) refuge, protection.

a tjytA> takya-nishin, Sitting in a mo-
nastery (i.e. a monk or dervish who never
goes out).

<a£> tag, Bottom ; earth, ground ; a cry
for help; a race or heat; running; (in
Zand and Pazand) a ripe date ; — tagi daryd,
The bottom of the sea ; — ba-tag nishastan,
To sink to the bottom.

v>l£> tag-db, tag-dv, Verdant patches
of sloping ground from which the water
has retired ; a dagon with a spout ; a

( 320

funnel ; enmity, strife ; name of a note in
music ; name of a village dependent on
Ganja.

tagdndan, Q-Xti\S3 taganidan, To
shake off (dust) ; to cause to run.

j5^£» lag-dwar, a>y£> tag-dwara, A running
horse, one having good paces.

& tiXS tag-bun, A shallow well.

jU& tag-tax, Running ; searching, seek-
ing.

j-i <j£j tag-dau (dav), Running about on
business, or in search of employ ; inquiry,
search ; fatigue.

<* ^3<& tagaddl (formed lite an Ar. v.n. 5
from the P. W), Begging.

iiSjSs tagarg, Hail, sleet, storm, tempest ;
— tagarg bdridan, To hail ; — tagrag, The
foundation of a wall.

J& tagl, A troop of soldiers ; — tigl, A
patch to put on a garment; a handsome
youth.

tagaltu, tagaltl, Dorsers ; felt

cloth used to prevent the saddle from gall-
ing the beitst's back; whiskers, mustachios
(see fcslXJ).

j*Si tugtnar, An arrow with a wooden
head.

)A)ts& tag-u-dau (dav), = ^^sS3 q.v,

O^tfJ tagldan, To run to and fro, hither
and thither.

iftSs login, iigin, Strong, brave, valiant
(in pr. n. as Sabuktagin, <fcc.) ; name of a
wrestler; fire.

tA)U*& tagin-abdd (taJdndbdd), Name of
a place.

Ji' tal, Anything poured out into a heap ;
a hill ; a beardless youth ; — tul, A tailor's
bag for needles, thread, and thimble.

a. J* tall, A little hill, hillock ; a heap of
sand ; a heap (of dead bodies).
tald, A beggar, mendicant.

w>^» tildb, talab, Poured out as water ; a
pond.

y-u^JU taldbdnidan, To cauBe to cackle,
to cluck.

oJkejfe talabidan, To cackle, to cluck.

Uoi> taldtuf, UySl? taldtuf, Dirty, nasty,
sordid, filthy, shunned by society ; clamour,
riot, noise.

mj»H? taldtun, Eefraining from what is
unclean or filthy (opposed and evidently in
some way related to the preceding «Jy>>
in its first meaning).

t^oiAi taldlm, Perfumed or Russia lea-
ther.

5&» ialdj, tildj, Noise, tumult, shout.

A (jeJtf taldhuq (v.n. 6 of (J* 3 ). Joining
each other.

*»Sr taldd, A large city bordering on
China.

A Sis tildd, Hereditary wealth.

a ptpi taldnum (v.n. 6 of Being in-
serted within one another, hanging toge-
ther.

) v^JJ

tr"^ talds, Name of a city in Turkistin.
_ v>4> talash, Search ; study ; fancy, ima-
gination, thought ; pain, effort (ni.c) ; =
A. j_y*A> q.v. ; — talash kardan, To take pains,
to exert oneself (m.c.) ; to inquire,
yt&to taldshdn, A grove in Ispahan.
jAS; taldsM, One who takes pain, who
exerts himself; an inquirer.

a jjOi taldshi (v.n. 6 of or it-
self a denominative of ,_y> * la-skai), An-
nihilation; vanishing; disappearance; dis-
persion.

yJ*Al\» taldshldan (derived from the pre-
ceding), To be scattered to perish; to
search.

a ^ tal&tum (v.n. 6 of fH), Fighting,
buffeting, slapping, or cuffing one another;
— talatumi amwaj, Dashing of waves;—
taldtum kardan, To dash together, to clash.

A.",j!is talaji (v.n. 6 of yl), Obtaining,
trying to obtain ; making amends; com-
pensation, amends, reparation ; — talafl fo>r-
dan, To revenge oneself (m.c.) ; — also (alifi
numudan, To change, to exchange ; to com-
pensate.
a jSk? taldq, Meeting, intercourse.
jS* tildq, Long drawers ; the clitoris.
a ^ taldql (v.n. 6 of Meeting
each other ; encounter ; a meeting, re-union,
interview; — taldql kardan, To meet, to pass
by (m.c).
» talald, Sound of singing or reading.
A (As tildm (pi. of tilm), Boys; ser-
vants.

A Jw«Jl» taldmiz, 8-1** taldmizat, aad—
■ie-fc taldmiz (pi. of tilmiz), Disciples,
pupils, scholars.
a taldmi', Bright streaks.
0*5 taldn, Plunder, pillage (see
gjSa taldnaj, talanj, Vociferation, noise,
a ifs tildwat (v.n. of y?), Beading
(especially the Quran) ; meditation ;— tela-
wot, Remainder of a debt, &c.

G^yV taldmdan, tilawidan, To flow, dil-
til, trickle, ooze (see y^/)-

tildya (for q.v.), Advanced guard,
van of an army.

Wis talbd (in Zand and Pazand), Fat,
grease.

a JJ tal bdshir, Name of a fortress,
a a-^s talabbus (v.n. 5 of »W), Delaying;
pause, delay.

a j^j talabbud (v.n. 5 ^1), Sitting or
sticking closely together,

a ^ talabbus (v.n. 5 of yJ), Being
covered ; clothing oneself.

itJJ talba, A wallet, a portmanteau (doubt-
ful word) .

a Igji talbiyat, talbiya (v.n. 2 of
Saying labbaika, What is your command?
Here I am (see u^).

a u-^U talhis (v.n. 2 of u-J). Covering,
concealing (the truth, the faults of goods
on sale, &c), cheating, deceiving; mixing;

«JJ ( i

fraud, fallacy, imposture ; misrepresenta-
tion ; false pretences; personation; kna-
very ; adulteration, falsification ; counter-
feiting ;—talbU kardan, To adulterate, fal-
sify, corrupt.

taltak, A crucible (see »*U»).

a talassum (v.n. 5 of pd), Veiling
the mouth.

a taifis ( v . n . 2 of >^X>), Trinity.

A f+~k talsim (v.n. 2 of Kissing.

g 1 * talaj, Name of a herb ; the hole or
nest of a scorpion (unsupported by ex-
amples).

A g^li talajluj (y.n. 2 of ^b^), Stammer-
ing.

fi» talkh, Bitter ; acrimonious, malicious ;
sad ; bitterly -—talkh kardan, To embitter.

W» Mk\ha, Grain, parched and pulve-
rised, and afterwards mixed up with water
into paste; the gall-bladder.

vWfcl! talkh-ab, Bitter water ; salt water.

rf\ ialkh-ahrii, With knitted eye-brow.

E*^ 6*' talfch-artij, A live coal ; a por-
table stove, a brasier.

a JJ\i Jj- . tal khalid, Name of a castle
near Aleppo.

;4 talkh-bdr, Wild, unwholesome fruit.
£b' talkh -pasuMi, Who returns bitter
answers.

t>«> jl» talkh-jabm. With frowning brow.

<4!)&*rf£i< talkh-jakok, Wild succory.

t>T»- talkh- jaw am., Poison ; death.

""V*" £^ ialkh-j'ukf & talkji-chakok,

•^f; talkh~ckuk, Wild succory.

jtl> talkh-khath-, Whose mind is em-
bittered.

f- fl> ialkh-kho (£&«)> Of a bitter
temper.

fcjly 5 - talkh-khwiin, The gall-bladder.

^Ij lalkh-ddna, Darnel, tares.
;j £l> talkk-rii, Morose, cr&bl>ed, sullen,
fj^' talkh-ruda, The dung-holding

guts.

ety f 1 * talkh-zabilii, Speaking with bitter-
ness or crossly.

a £i taltk-'umr, u^** ^ talkh-'aish,
One whose life is bitter.

talkhak, Somewhat bitter; ths
coiocynth or bitter purging apple ; endive ;
name of a favourite of Sultan Mahmud. |

p\S fis talkh-kCtm, Having a bitter taste |
in the mouth ; disappointed, baulked. ;

u-.lS jJj talkh-kdmi, Bitterness of taste ; j
disappointment. >

^j/jjj talkh-kivddr, Stern. j

jUif £i talkh-gufUtr, Bitter-spoken (man).

jS gb talkh-qii; Speaking bitterly ; harsh, j
keen, sharp, sarcastic.

a z\y jtli' talkji-mhdj, Splenetic, peevish.

os!u4b' talkhndk, Very bitter; somewhat
bitter; bitterly.

lift fSs iaJkh-nujuh, Cross-looking.

: jjj talkh u tursh, Bitter and sour ;
the troubles) and miseries of the world.

21 ) jli

talkAa, Tares, darnel j bile ; bitter,
styptic food; bitter taste.
,_5ael> talkhi, BitternesB ; endive.

(jatlJ talkhi-chashxda, Who has
tasted sorrow.

a (jo*afcb' talkh.is (v.n. 2 of u 0 *'), De-
claring, making public; explanation, de-
claration, report or abstract of state affairs
presented to the king by referendaries ; pu-
rification.

talkhina, Milk soured and dried.
tuld, Anything swollen (unsupported
by examples).

a told, tuld, iaitad, Hereditary wealth.

a J-ili' talazmz (v.n. 5 of Taking
pleasure, enjoying oneself.

f 5 talazh (apparently misreading for y£s
q.v.), A grape-stone.

utU-ii tiliak, A small bunch of grapes,
part of a larger.

a yUoU J5 talsultan, Name of a place
near Aleppo.

a A-jl-J> tali safiya, Name of a fortified
place in Palestine.

a talattukh (v,n. 5 of Being
contaminated, defiled.

a UilJj talattuf (v.n. 5 of <-MJ), Favour-
ing, showing kindness ; favour, kindness,
blandishment.

A "UUj talattuf an, P. <"WJJ talattuf Ana,
By favour.

a uyLaU; talattuf at ( pi. of talattuf),
Caresses, favours.

a £JaU; taltjkji (v.n. 2 of gU), Bedaub-
ing, dirtying, anointing.

A ^b" talazzj (v.n. 5 of ^jti), Burning,
flaming ; blaze, flare.

talaghfaf, &c, see nnder <~i\ } %i*,
tulf, depletion from eating grapes.
A i_Al» talaf (v.n.), Perishing; ruin, de-
struction, loss ; prodigality, profusion,
waste; consumption; expense talaf ehu-
dan, To perish, <fec. ; — talaf kardan, To
waste, to ruin, <fec.

a talaf an, With impunity.
a Into talaf its (v.n. 5 of U5), Pronoun-
cing, articulating ; pronunciation, utter-
ance, expression.

a jlSii* talaf-kdr, talaf-gtlr, Pro-

digal, lavish ; spendthrift,

a sj/ <~Hstalaf-karda, Wasted, squandered,
y^" talfan, Black mud (unsupported by
examples).

a oi^" falfrf (v.n. 2 of Involving,
covering up, folding and wrapping,

a talftq (v.n. 2 of i3**), Sewing to-
gether ; adorning one's speech; interpola-
ting, falsifying ; collecting.

a »U1> tilifd' (v.n. of J*), Arriving at,
meeting with, tailing upon, encountering ;
a meeting, encounter ; reprehension.

a s-ali talnqqub ( v.n. 5 of s-**). Assuming
a surname or title ; being styled, titled,
dubbed.

J* (

A wAilJ talaqquf (v. n. 5 of UtfJ), Swallow-
ing, devouring, snatching greedily.

a talaqqi (v.n. 5 of j^), Meeting,
accepting, receiving, encountering.

a s-*^ talqib (v.n. 2 of «-r-aS), Giving a
surname, style, title, or nickname.

a talqiyat (v.n. 2 of J&), Throwing
to anyone, injecting (a divine inspiration).

a £tfto talqiya (v.n. 2 of £«!), Making
the female palm fruitful by sprinkling the
male flowers.

a talqif (v.n. 2 of «JUJ), Swallow-

ing ; causing to swallow, giving a mouthful
of meat.

a (jj.9«l» talqln (v.n. 2 of (^aS), Instruct-
ing, informing, making to understand;
instruction ; initiation ; prayer over and
praising the dead ; funeral Bervice ; — talqln
kardan, To instruct, &c. ; — talqln giriftan
(yaftan), To be instructed, <fcc.

«aU> Male, One whose beard has fallen
off ; a man with large mustachios ; a target,
a butt -—talk, Gold leaf ; a kind of stuff ;
(for £lf) bitter ;-—Ulak, A sleeveless gar-
ment open in front; a gown; the medlar
tree ; — tilk, Green ginger ;— tulk, A bean.

jfi> talako, A kind of pear-tree (Pyms
Boissieriana).

a JJ tal klsdn, Name of a place on

the coast of Syria.

«-*\r*^ talagr&f. Telegraph ; telegram ;
telegraphy ; — talagraf firistadan (nwmu-
dari), To send a telegram, to telegraph
(mm.ee. from Fr. or E.).

( _ JJ ^i\jSl> talagraf chu, A telegraph officer
(m.c.).

i^Ui^Si talagraf-ndma, A telegram, a tele-
graphic dispatch or message (m.c.).

a talmazat (v.n. of -i*lJ), Teaching,
having for a pupil.

t$*k talmin (in Zand and Pazand), The
nose, snout, beak.

a tahnih (v,n. 2

ting, showing ; a glance ;

a «>~*1> tilmiz, ialmlz, A
disciple.

tulumba, A pump, fire-engine (m.c.
from T. A>y.jU, q.v.).

^ i~tJs tulumba-chT, A fireman (m.c).

sxJj talanda, A stutterer, a stammerer.
talmak, A fruit resembling a peach ;
(= «alsl> q.v.) a crucible.

*iCUJ talang, A fillip (m.c.) ; — tilang,
Name of a country in the Dakhan ;— tiling,
The beating of a tambourine ; a small
bunch of grapes ; — tulung, iulang, talang,
Need, occasion ; inclination, wish ; suppli-
cation.

aiVSLdS tulungdna, In a beggarly manner,
t^&ls talanguUn (for ^^-3^), Manna.
j&Ji ialangur, J&l* talangul, A fillip
(rn,c).

tulangt, Indigent ; a supplicant ; a
sturdy beggar ; — tulnigi, A beardless

322 )

of t*i), Indica-
an allusion,
scholar, student,

virile ; fearless ; thief,

youth; membrum
robber, murderer.

aJ* (ulna, Poverty ; want, wish, desire.

a jVj tilw, Consecutive ; anything fol-
lowing another ; high, exalted.

jl> talu, A briar; — tvlu, Shaft of an
arrow,

talwaza, A wooden house.

«— talwdsa, Commotion, restlessness;
grief; inclination; (construed with the
verbs kardan and giriftan) ; a heap of corn ;
the bud of a flower.

vA>jlJ talauwus (v.n. 5 of Being
stained, soiled, befouled,

aj>i* talauwus-pazir, Dirty, soiled.

a JjlJ tulud (v.n. of jJi), Being old (a
possession), descending by heritage.

talausa, The sheath in which the
date is enveloped; a hatchet \--talwasa,
Commotion, restlessness; grief; — taluia,
tulusa, A scabbard.

«*iyj taluk, talok, A butt for shooting at ;
a drinking vessel made in the shape of an
animal.

talwama, The bud of a flower, a
blossom.

a <jjls talauwun (v.n. 5 of Changing
colour ; versatility, variableness ; fickle-
ness ; capriciousness ; restlessness ; fret-
fulness,

a uu^ijlJ talauwun at (pi, of the preceding),
Changes, &c.

a jjt (jyJj talauwun- fab', s^y Q<fi tallau-
wun-mizdj, Capricious, whimsical, fitful,
fretful.

a t^Ay Q<p talauwun-mizaji, Caprice,
aijtt taluna, A blossom.
a cS-jjJj talwis (v.n. 2 of Befoul-
ing.

a cijli talwih (v.n. 2 of cj 5 ). Making
tawny, yellow, or fiery-coloured (as the
sun, fire, &c.) ; heating ; making (a gar-
ment) glossy ; making (a sword) glitter
and gleam ; alluding to.

A y^ys talwln (v.n. 2 of <#!), Colouring;
varying, diversifying.

tola, A giu for catching birds, a trap ;
a place where cattle are tied up; a hot
iron with which stains are taken out of
cloth ; a bag ; a whetstone ; membrum
virile ; (also talla) the step of a stair, the
round of a ladder; — tila, Drawn gold;
step (of a stair), round (of a ladder) ;—
tilla, A gin, a trap ; gold.

a *JJ talah (v.n.), Ruin, destruction;
mental perturbation.

a talahhub (v.n. 5 of s-n 3 ), Blazing,
flaming.

a "-AyluP talahhuf (v.n. 5 of <-*J), Lament-
ing, regretting (anything neglected, missed,
or lost).

^Jf tall, A bramble, a blackberry -bush ; a
beggar, mendicant (see ; a barber's case
of instruments ; — till, Gold ; — title, An arti-

( 323 )

fleer's tool ; a barber's case of instruments ;
a bag wherein a tailor keeps his needle,
thread, and thimble.
A talld (pi. of talll), Prostrate.

talebdr, A house for keeping silk-

worms.

a ±Js talld, Born in foreign parts and
educated at home; hereditary wealth.

a u~-l>' tillis, i^Jy tilllsah, P. talisa, A
Baddle-bag, formed from an oblong piece
of eloth, by stitching the smaller ends to-
gether in the middle, and. when unstitched,
serving as a rug (see

c;W> tallmdn, Name of a king and hero
in the army of Faridun; also of one in
Nauzar's host.

talewar, A house for keeping silk-
worms (see jW-fti?).

a (^«li talyln (v.n, 2 of c^)> Smoothing,
softening.

(i> tarn, A disease in the eye, the web or
cataract on the pupil ; any veil or covering ;
—tim (= f*i+s), The fruit of the Sumach-
tree ; — turn, An iron arrow-point.

a f» tamma, It has been or is finished
(formula at the end of a book similar to
our "Finis").

a J>U» tamdsul (v.n. 6 of J*«), Being
convalescent (an invalid) ; being equal,
like each other.

a J*>W> tamdsjl (pi, of tims&t), Pic-
tures).

eU> timdj, Cordovan leather from goat's
skin ; — tumdj, A purse ; a bag made of cloth
or silk.

or"VU>* lamajdmiski, ^jA^^U; tamdjd-
mishl. Contention, quarrel, altercation; —
iarndjamisht hardan, To quarrel, to fight
for (perhaps corruption from A. tamaj-
maj).

Sji.U» tamakhra, tamdkkara, A joke, jest,
wit, humour; buffoonery.

a (jAw tamadi (v.n. 6' of Conti-
nuing a long time; perseverance; a long
time ; duration, period ; prescription (in
the legal sense).

a jU; tammdr, A date-seller ; a druggist.

fcjU» tamgrakh, An excellent kind of
grasB.

a u*)U? tama/ruz (v.n. 6 of Feign-
ing a disease.

a j^jUJ tamdri (v.n. 6 of ^f), Doubting ;
contending, quarrelling.

a cj^*» tamdmh (v.n. 6 of zj")> Jesting to-
gether.

a y«W tamdae (v.n, 6 of (j— ♦), Touching
one another ; contact ; copulating.

a tamdsujeh (v.n. 6 of £ — »), Trans-
forming ; metamorphosis; transmigration
(of souls) ; effacing.

a «d-A*> tamdsuk (v.n. 6 of utX~-»), Re-
pressing, containing oneself.

a tamdeih (pi. of tim$dh), Cro-

codiles.

a 1*>W tamdshd (for tamdshl, v.n. 6 of
^•a—). Walking abroad for recreation ; be-
holding ; looking at anything comic or
tragic ; an entertainment, show, theatrical
representation; sport, amusement, plea-
sure ; interest ; any interesting object *, —
tamdshd ddshtan, To be worth seeing, to be
of interest I'm. a); — tamdshd hardan, To
behold, to enjoy a sight.

a ^ UW? tamdshd-lm, A rake, epicure,
libertine.

a- ij 4 ** tamdshd-bini. Libertinism.
a ^^Uj tamdshachi, Spectator (m.c).
a <uU. UUi' tamdshd- khdna, A theatre
(m.c).

a JAi UiUj tamdshd-hada, stf^Ui' tamds?id-
gdh, A place of amusement ; a theatre,
amphitheatre.

a <_5 ; flAUi' tamdshdgari, A debauch.

a (jfUiUi tamdshd't, Looking at a sight ;
spectator,

tumdyha. The cap of a falcon .

a tam&luk (v.n. 6 of Main-

taining self-possession.

a. f\*> tamam, tiiiidm, Entire, perfect,
complete, consummate ; all ; whole ; con-
clusion, end, termination ; finished, accom-
plished, performed ; completely, totally, ab-
solutely, entirely ; — tamam shudan, To be
completed ; to dio ; — tamdm hardan, To
complete; to finish off (m.c); — qamari
timam, Full moon; — laili timdm, The
longest night in the year.

a "tVUi tamdmaii, P. <uV*W tanuinidua,
Wholly, entirely, in toto.

a \-fi-\ ta-m&m-ajzu, Complete.

a |»Uj tamdm~anddrn, Fat, full of
flesh.

a (»W tamam-rag, Fully ripe.

a f»W tamdm-'iydr, Of full standard.

a tamdmi, Perfection ; conclusion,

end ; brocade, gold cloth.

yUJ tumdn, = q.v.

A*je>Uj' tamdhcha, Meat well dressed.

a J*U>' tamdyul (v.n. ti of J-*-*), Inclin-
ing, leaning from side to side in walking ;
inflection, declination.

a y»?U> tamd'isn (pi. of fonumai), Amu-
lets, charms.

a tamtam, One who stutters and re-
peats the letters mm and id over and over
again so that his speech becomes indistinct.

a g*+> tamaiiu 1 (v.n. 5 of Using,
enjoying, reaping advantage ; delight, en-
joyment, pleasure.

tumtum, The tail of the wild ox,
attached to standards and the necks of
horses.

a f**-+> tinilim, The plant sumach.

a tamtamat (v.n. of ^ i * s )> Hesita-

ting, pronouncing indifferently, or repeating,
the letters td or mini.

a tamti' (v.n. 2 of £*-«), Permitting

( 324 )

freely to enjoy ; bestowing, conferring,
grunting ; prolonging, extending.

a Jti»J lamsdl, Comparison, similitude ;
— timsCd, linage, effigy, portrait, semblance.

a _,S3^A*J timsalgar, A portrait-painter,
limner.

a Ji+» tamassul (v.n. 5 of J^*), Resem-
bling, imitating ; applying or employing a
fable or proverb.

a J«ifc> tamsil (v.n. 2 of J^*), Likening,
comparing, applying an allegory ; compari-
son, similitude, resemblance ; fac-simile,
counterpart ; example ; making an example
by mutilating for punishment ; an allegory,
parable, fable, apologue ; impression; thea-
trical performance, play, drama, comedy.

a tamsllan, By way of comparison,

allegorically, for example, e.g.

a tamsilat (pi. of J****), Examples,

allegories.

a tamajjus (v.n. 5 of y^s"), Em-

bracing the Persian religion of the Magi or
the worship of fire.

A tamajmuj (v.n. 2 of T° * ,e

merry, to flutter with pleasure, to skip
about (m.c).

a J*a(*> tamjid (v.n. 2 of ^*^), Giving
glory to, glorifving; the glorification of
God.

a tamjls (v.n. 2 of <j~*^), Con-

verting to the religion of the fire-worship-
pers.

tamcha, A provision-bag, a wallet
(see <W i ).

a J*,*> tamafyhul (v.n. 5 of J*'*), De-
ceiving, betraying, laying Bnares ; trying
to recover (debt).

a yo^a^j tamhis (v.n, 2 of yo*^), Proving,
trying, making an experiment ; lessening.

A (j6***j' tamkiz (v.n. 2 of y**'*), Purify-
ing ; rendering siucere.

A^ai-^' tamakhkhut (v.n. 5 of ks^), Blowing
the nose.

tamkhisd. An ejaculation on an
emergency ; name of one of the seven
sleepers in the cave near Ephesus.

a y^*a&*> tamkMz (v.n. 2 of (j&t*?), Being
taken with the pains of labour ; seizing a
female (the pangs of labour).

a c-wj tamadduh(v.n. 5 of e^), Commend-
ing oneself, fishing for applause, glorying in
what one does not possess ; praising.

a •i.x*? tamaddud (v.n. 5 of £■•), Being
extended; yawning, stretching oneself.

A yi*> tamaddun (v.n. 2 of t>J**), Resi-
ding in a city ; dwelling together in large
bodies.

tamda, A stammerer, a stutterer.

A aj-u? tamdld (v.n. 2 of J-), Extending,
lengthening.

j*> tamr, timr, A pearl in the eye ; — timr
(from S. timira), Darkness, obscurity;
total blindness;— timur (from T.), Iron.

a j*>' tamr, Ripe date ; — tamri gujrat, Red
tamarind ; — tamri hindi, Tamarind.

t y+i timur-baligh, Iron-bow, surname
of the Seljuk prince Duqaq.

a S;** tamral, tamra, A single date.

a ■iy*> tamarrud (v.n. 5 of *y»)> Being
refractory, stubborn, obstinate, disobedient,
insolent ; contumacy, rebellion ; contempt,
resistance (to orders or proceedings).

a ^ >J;*i' tamarrud-kun, Disobedient, re-
bellious, headstrong.

a tamarrudi, Obstinacy, stubborn-

ness.

a tamarrugh (v.n. 5 of £/*), Rolling
in the dust ; spitting, sputtering, slavering.

t «s!jij+>' tamir- (tamur-) qazak, The word
of God, the glorious Qur'an.

a tamarrun (v.n. 5 of oy*), Being
soft, smooth ; being accustomed, acquiring
a habit.

a £Jx*> tamrikh (v.n. 2 of ty), Anoint-
ing the body with oil.

a A>j*> tamnd (v.n. 2 of «>/•), Smoothing
(a wall), making a building smooth aud
shining ; pruning.

a tarnriz (v.u. 2 of (>/•), Taking

care of, tending, the sick; being deficient (in
business), doing less than one ought.

a &.j+> tamrin (v.n. 2 of <j/*)> Smooth-
ing, softening (leather) ; accustoming.

y*>j*J tamtsadan (for (jOj (••>), To be
silent.

a i}y*> tamazzuq (v.n. 5 of siy), Being
torn (cloth or garment).

a (3>j*> iamxiq (v.n. 2 of t3-*)), Tearing to
pieces.

tj*j' tamzha, A flat roof or platform.

a timsdh, A crocodile.

a tamassukh_ (v.n. 5 of c — Being

metamorphosed.

A^si— ~*s tamaskhur (v.n. 2 of Ridi-
cule, buffoonery.

A ittJu-w tamassuk (v.n. 5 of «sUw»), Hold-
ing, keeping a fast hold ; striking the claws
into ; an obligation, bond, note of hand,
writing, instrument, receipt ; — tamassuki
hdzir-zdmini, A recognisance for personal
appearance ; — tamassuk numudan, To hold
on.

a ulA£~43 tamassukdt (pi. of the preceding),
Obligations, bonds.

a — ►> tamashun (v.n. 2 of «), Be-
ing poor.

a <j£— *> tamassuki, Pertaining to a bond
or note of hand.

a tamslh, (v.n. 2 of cr~*)> Passing

the hand over any dirty object that the
dirt may be removed, or over a liquid sur-
face ; fatiguing and extenuating by over-
work; flattery, cajolery.

W«-~*> tamsikhd. Name of a prayer (cf.

^~>a&*>).

a tamashshl (v.n. 5 of < j£~'), Walk-

ing ; performing, carrying out.

jfc*J ( 325 )

tamshiya, Name of a place (see

a tamshiyat (v.n . 2 of , Further-
ing (business) ; promotion, preferment,
advancement ; instruction.

A jA*J tamazzur (v.n. 5 of Being
inflamed, enraged.

a^4*v tamzir (v.n. 2 of Afflicting,
destroying.

a jUi tamattur (v.n. 5 of jk"), Exposing
oneself to the rain, going out in a cold rain.

a tamatti (v.n. 5 of Yawning,
stretching oneself.

t I**; tamghti, A wooden seal for sealing
the doors of public granaries ; a stamp ; a
stamp-tax generally for imports ; an im-
pression burnt upon the thigh (of a horse) ;
tribute ; royal diploma ; — tamghd zadan, To
tear off the corner of a sheet (in an account-
book) ; — tamgha Jcardan, To make repeated
use of the same conceit, etc., to borrow
from one's own writings (opp. to plagiarism,
as literary theft).

t (jt 1 *** tamghixchl, A revenue-collector, a
tax-gatherer.

jjA** tamfoz, The parts round the month ;
the beak of a bird.

a ttf£*3 tamakkun (v.n. 5 of jj^*), Having
in one's power; possessing authority ; being
firmly fixed and well established.

a tamkin (v.n. 2 of c^*). Estab-
lishing, confirming ; investing with autho-
rity, giving power, enabling, affording
opportunity ; majesty, dignity, authority,
power; sedateness (m.c.) (construed with
the verbs dddan, Jcardan, nihadan, and
ydftan).

A ,jUi' tamalluq (v,n. 5 of Flatter-
ing, fawning; making professions of love;
blandishment ; adulation ; dalliance ; cere-
mony.

a >*U*> tamalluk (v.n. 5 of «sAU), Having
possession of ; reigning.

J/** tamliil, Name of a wild pot-herb.

ms-oUs tamUt, A light load laid on the
back of a beast of burden, on which the
rider sits ; half an ass-load ; luggage, bag-
gage (see e^J--ij).

a csU» tamlih (v.n. 2 of Salting ;

producing anything elegant (a poet),

ausLjUj tamlih (v.n. 2 of csU-), Consti-
tuting possessor ; appointing master or
chief ; making a king ; possessorship, pos-
session.

taman, A mist, a fog ; — tuman, Ten
thouoand ; the sum of five thousand aspers
(see (jfjf) .

A W> tamannd (for tamanni), Wish-
ing, asking for (construed with bastan,
pukhtan, daehtan, dar dil skikadan, dar
damacfa awardan, sokhtan, Jcardan and ydf-
tan) ; — tamannd' i dil, Hearts' wish.

a Ji£ \us tcmannd-Jcash, Wishful, de-
sirous, solicitous.

tamancha, A pistol.
j\j-^-ti' tunwii'ddr, Commander of a tuman
or ten thousand men.

\S)"±+*> tuman-ddrl, Command of a tuman.
tamanda. One who hesitates in pro-
nouncing «j fe, or suffers from any other
impediment in speech, a stammerer.

taming, timing, The oxyacanth-
tree ; — tamnag, Strength, power.

A tamanni (v.n. 5 of o^)> Wishing
for ; wish, desire, longing, inclination ;
petition, request, supplication, prayer.

A cuVji** tamanniydt (pi. of the preced-
ing), Prayers

<x ej*> tamauwuj (v.n. 2 of ey*), Billow-
ing ; fluctuation (m.c).

tamuddti, Turks, Turan, Turanians.
^Jf+j' tamudi, Belonging to Turau, Tu-
ranian.

t)W- timur khan, Son of the Persian
historian Mirkhond, whose works he
abridged.

\J*f*> tamiish, Rubus sanctus or discolor
(in the dialect of Dailam).

A tamuz, The Syrian month July ;
summer ; violent heat.

^j*> tamuk, A butt for archers ; broad-
headed arrows used in shooting at marks ;
an arrow (or anything) difficult to be ex-
tracted.

A Jj*» tamauwul (v.n. 5 of Jj-*), Being,
or becoming, rich ; wealth (m.c).

A tamwtl (v.n. 2 of Jj*), Enriching,
making wealthy.

a &if*> tamwlh (v.n. 2 of Sy), Gilding or
silvering (brass or iron) ; adulterating,
falsifying (intelligence) ; being full of
water (pot) ; pouring rain ; — dalili bi-
tamwih, Arguments without fallacy.

a <US tamah (v.n.), Being corrupted,
smelling (as meat).

a >ii(*» tamahhud (v.n. 5 of -V)> Having,
or acquiring, power and ability.

a tamahhul (v.n. S of Jy*), Pro-

ceeding slowly, being tedious in business.

A ■Vv** tamhld (v.n. 2 of >*v*)i Spreading
equally (a bed) ; arranging, disposing, ad-
justing ; pleading an excuse ; accepting an
apology.

a uwl-iu^,*; lamhlddt (pi. of the preceding),
Dispositions, preparations, &c.

a iS^-ic** tamhldi, Preliminary, prepara-
tory, introductory.

a y~*> tamiz (vulg. for tamyiz, v.n. 2
of )--•), Discernment, discretion; — tamiei
haqq u bdtil, Discrimination between right
and wrong, truth and falsehood, &c. ; —
tamiz Jcardan, To clean, to sweep (m.c.) ; —
ahli tamiz, People of discernment, wise
men.

a y~*> tarnaiyuz (v.n. 5 of J*"), Being
separated ; being distinguished ; being dis-
cerned ; bursting with rage.

tammesha, Name of a forest near

( 326 )

Amul, where Faridun founded the city of
Kos, also called Tammesha.

>d**> tamik, timik, A kind of bramble.

a fur*' tamlm, "Well-formed, solid, firm ;
name of a tribe; (pi. of tamimal) amulets.

a &+e*s tamtmat, An amulet or charm
against witchcraft.

o (j**** tamlmi, Of the tribe of Tamlm.

a y**** tamyut (v.n. 2 of yv), Separating,
distinguishing ; judgment, discernment,
discrimination, distinction, discretion.

tan (S. tanu), Body, stature, person ;
the whole man ; matter ; the thing itself ;
silent ; this, that ; [tan dad'idan, To be
Bilent ; — tan dddan dar, To devote one's
body to, to give oneself over to ; — tan dar
chize dddan, To dress in, to invest oneself
with; — tan dar dddan, To consent, ac-
quiesce ; — tan dar gumdn dddan, To adopt
an opinion ; — tan zadan, To be silent ; to
be patient ; to rest ; to escape ; to caress ; —
tan fim dddan, To submit; — tan giriftan
dar chize, To dress in ; — tani muhrim-dsd,
A naked body ; — tane chand, Several per-
sons;]— tun (for yy), A hot furnace (as in
baths or glass-houaes) ; a yellow flower
used in dyeing ; (for A. tjj*) the thunny
fish ; (m.c. from E.) a tun.

A^»te tandbuz (v.n. 6 of Calling one
another names ; reproaching each other.

a (jS-».Ui tandjush (v.u. 6 of tj'-'r),
Praising, or bidding for goods, in order to
enhance the price to others, without any
intention of purchasing.

a tanaji (v.n. 6 of fr), Communi-
cating secrets to one another, speaking
privately together.

a jUj tanadd (v.n. 6 of Being dis-
persed, flying in disorder from one another ;
dispersion, flight.

A ^J^*' tanddi (v.n. 6 of ^s^), Calling to
one another ; sitting together in council or
conversation ; — yaumu 't-tanadi, The Day
of Judgment.

a fjys tandzu' (v.n. 6 of £y), Disputing,
litigating ; dispute, contest, strife.

a SajUs tanaza'at, tandza'a, Dispute, con-
tention ; — tandza'a shudan, To be disputed,
mooted, at issue.

a Jj^*J tandtul (v.n. 6 of J)*), Bushing
down into a plain against each other (two
bodies of men) ; alighting, descent ; de-
cline (of price), loss (of rank).

M tan dsa, ,«M o 5 tan.dsdy, Re-
lieving the body ; self-indulgent.

(jjUU; tan-didn, Quiet ; healthy in body.

tan-dsdni, J^A ij* tati'dad'i,
Bodily ease, indulgence.

a s—»W tandeub (v.n. 6 of Resem-
bling ; being proportionate to each other ;
proportionateness, relation, conformity.

A **>U-.lsi iandsubdt (pi. of the preceding),
Proportions, relations.

a £-Ui tandeukh (v.n. 6 of £~>), The

death of one heir after another before the
partition of the inheritance ; the revolu-
tion of ages, the succession of generations;
metempsychosis, transmigration of souls;
transformation .

a 0 a6~>U» tandsakhi, A believer in me-
tempsychosis, or transmigration of souls.

a isjfc-.U» tandsukkiyat. Metempsychosis.

a J~u» tandsul (v.n. 6 of J--*), Beget-
ting ; generation ; uninterrupted descent
through a series of generations ; — dlatu 't-
tandsul, The organ of generation.

tuna', t^ 3 tundgk, The stirrup-cuu,
last bottle when a company is just going
(see

a yAtf tandfur (v.n. 6 of y»), Flying
from one another in a [panic ; mutual re-
pugnance, aversion; disputing before a
judge.

jyUJ tandfur, A certain measure of crimes
according to the teaching of Zardusht.

a ,jiUJ tandfi (v.n. 6 of ,Ju), Expelling,
pursuing, persecuting, seeking to ruin one
another; denial.

a ytiUj tandquz (v.n. 6 of u* 3 *), Being
dissolved, loosened, slackened ; being dis-
cordant ; contradiction ; discrepancy ; in-
compatibility.

a Jits* tandqul (v.n. 6 of Ja). Communi-
cating together; mutual communication.

a yo-SlS tandqis (pi. of tanqts), Defects,
deficiencies,

_y*N f^s tan-alburz, Whose body is like
the mountain Alburz, gigantic.

yj-JUf tandlidan, To pour, or to be
poured ; to clean by washing, rubbing, or
polishing; to shake out (a table-cloth,
&c).

■V»Ui' tandmbud, tandntan, The

universe, the ninth heaven.

^Uf tandni. Corporeal; — tantini daryd-
banda, The five external and internal senses.

(jj^tLi; tananidan, To cause to weave.

a tandnir (pi. of tannur), Stoves,
furnaces ; ovens.

a (£«JUi tan&nln (pi. of tinnln), Dragons.

a <r> } \jj tandwub (v.n. 6 of s^), Doing
in turn.

))U> tan-dwar, Corpulent ; robust, stout ;
incarnate.

a \J>j^5 tandviuth (v.n. 6 of \J>^),
Stretching forth the hand in order to take
something.

a JjUj tandwul (v.n. 6 of Jy), Carrying
off ; taking (meat and drink) ; receiving
presents.

a ,_5*Aas tanahi (v.n. 6 of uV), Extend-
ing, reaching to the end ; being brought
to a termination ; finish, completion.
tunnnb, A fir-tree (m.c).

j^t^s tambdku, Tobacco (Nicotiana per-
sica).

ySXyWA? taipbaku-ltash, Who smokes to-
bacco.

( 327 )

gWtf tumbdn, Short breeches ; drawers ;
wrestlers' leathern breeches.

t>*! (j» tan ba-tan, Man by man ; man for
man.

•M> tairibad (3rd sing. aor. of yA**^), He
is silent; he trembles; a fit of shivering;
— tarn-bud, The body of the universe, uni-
versal matter.

i — !■*>' tambasa, A small carpet, rug.

^. u—. t. tf tanibasldan, To twist a rope.

tarnbak, tambuk, The flap of a
saddle ; a bagpipe ; — tumbak, Taking food
with the fingers,

J**? tambal, Lazy, sluggish; unemployed;
a buffoon ; — tarnbul, Betel-leaf, pan ; — tam-
bul, lumbal (probably for A. tanahbul), Stra-
tagem, trick, sorcery (see J**-tf below).

J-s-"* tambali, Laziness, sloth.

i*~l*>5 tambalit, Anything placed on a
pack-saddle on which the rider sits ; half a
horse-load.

f*>3 tambil, A kind of tent.

)f*£ tambur, A lute, lyre, guitar ; a drum.

if tambilk, A weak bow ; the flap of
a saddle ; a saddle-tree ; a stirrup-leather.

tainbul, Betel-leaf ; a weak bow ;
name of a fortified place in Hindustan.

■M* tamba, The bar of a door; a large
portmanteau.

a &«a> tanabbuh (v.n. 5 of M), Awaking
from sleep ; being a?, ate, keeping a sharp
look out; advice, admonition ; animadver-
sion bashfulness, modesty.

t)-Vff^ tambidan, To be silent ; to lay
snares ; to tremble ; to palpitate, to be
restless; to plait, spin, we?ve; — bar mar-
duman tambidan, To bring people into
one's net, to ensnare them.

n-ttti tamblsa, A small carpet, a rug.

isX«a» tanibik, Bagpipes ; a saddle-flap.

a J«-<i tambil (v.n. 2 of J«J), Stratagem,
trick, sorcery, necromancy.

A tambih (v.n. 2 of Awaking,
roueing from sleep; rendering attentive;
admonition, reproof, censure, reprimand ;
correction, punishment ; — tambih u takid
kardan, To admonish repeatedly and se-
verely.

A u"^^rtJ>' tambihat (pi. of the preceding),
Admonitions.

tan-parast, tan -par war,

Self-indulgent, sensual ; lazy, indolent.

& tan-parwari, A pampering of the
body ; — tan-parwarl kardan, To pamper the
flesh.

aX-J tumpak, A mould ; a crucible ; a
saddle-bow.

«s)Ua tantdk, Name of a man ; and of a
king.

tjjitf tan-tan, The body of the universe,
universal matter (see ajjJ tambud) ; — tantan,
Song, melody.

Oz)S taniana, A cry, shout, uproar, fray.

v«jJ tan tanhd, All by oneself, alone,
single.

&*>j tanta, A cobweb ; — tunta, A red bee.

E *j> tanj, tinj, A fixing ; a planting ; a
twisting or rolling together; a squeezing
or pressing; a coming in the rear; imp. of
tanjidan, used at the end of compounds in
the sense of the agent.

tanjdla, Squeezing out ; expression.

^V^ai' tan-jama, A garment, vest, doublet.

A yp£> tanajjux (v.n. 5 of yr), Demanding
the fulfilment of a promise.

a (j*^*? tanajjus (v.n. 5 of w*r), Being
polluted, defiled.

A tanjiyat (v.n. 2 of ,j=r), Setting

free, rescuing, saving ; casting on high
ground.

a tcmjid (v.n. 2 of •*=•'), Ornament-

ing a house with tapestry or painted clotlis j
proving, trying.

qj&^jS tanjidan, tunjidan (S. tanch, tanj),
To squeeze; to twist, to roll together ; to
draw tight ; to drop, to fall ; to be dis-
tressed, sad.

iA-j^J tanjida, Drawn tight; squeezed,
pressed ; twisted ; sad,

A^j^iJ tanjin (v.n. 2 of Fulfilling,
carrying out.

a tanjle (v.n. 2 of u~^), Polluting,

defiling ; amulets against the fasciuation of
malignant eyes, fetish ; — tanjis kardan, To
pollute ; to prof" ne, to desecrate.

tanjim (v.n. 2 of Prognostica-
ting or calculating any eVint by the aspect
of the stars ; astrology ; paying by instal-
ments.
a &net*sj tanjiya, Tangiers.
ij^jj tancha, A wallet (see
a i^js^j tanahhi (v.n. 5 of f*>), Being re-
moved, being far or distant.

a A-a^j' tanhiyat (v.n. 2 of y=-'), Removing,
putting to a distance.

a {t-iae-'J tanakhnukh (v.n. 2 of £ i * , )> Clear-
ing the throat, hemming, hawking.

»1jaii? tan-khwdk. An assignment on lands,
or order on the treasury for the payment of
a stipend, salary, and the like ; cash (m.c.) ;
fortune (m.c).

jtaMjafciJ tan-khwdh-ddr, One who receives
a salary ; a holder of an order for wages.
(j^Jil^u tan-khtodh-ddri. A receivin g pay.
±& tund, Swift, rapid, brisk, active ; bold,
impetuous, strong; rough, fierce, severe,
stern, austere ; hot-spirited, choleric, quar-
relsome ; acrid, astringent ; high, tall, lofty ;
fat; anger; height; the summit of a moun-
tain ; anything prominent or projecting ;
an evil spirit ; a detuon of the desert.
tund-db, A dissolving fluid,
^jj tan dddan, To consent, acquiesce.
Jlj jo? tund-bdd, A hurricane, whirlwind.

xtf tund-bdr, Noxious, destructive,
jb jo» tund-bdz, Name of a rapacious bird.
34 jo> tund-bdld, A high mountain.

JoJ (

j^t **» tund-bor, A leaping, a dancing.

fl&l ^ tund-parwaz. Flying swiftly.

• } v xti twnd-tdz, Mettlesome.

>*» tund-tez, Choleric, contentious ;
mettlesome ; swift.

ji-AiJ tund-Jcho, ^stf* <u-> tnnd-kfi-oy, Hasty,
obstinate.

Jyi. ±>s twnd-kjio'l, Hastiness, obstinacy ;
harshness, severity.

tundar, tundur, Eoaring ; thunder ; a
nightingale.

a •w? tund-rdy, Inconsiderate, impru-
dent.

\J>)/- ;-uj tundar-khurosh, Eoaring like
thunder.

ut~-yW> tati-duruat, Healthy, vigorous.

(J 3u.^aa> tan-durustt, Health, bodily vigour.

^Ulj xtf tund-raftdr, Swift, fleet.

$ tund-rau (rav), Swift, a quick goer ;
— tund-ru, Austere, crabbed, passionate;
avaricious; — tundrawi sitdra, One of the
seven planets.

t>W) **» tund-zabdn, Eloquent, fluent.

(j»J-i> tan-das, iandis, tandasa, tan-

disa, Like a body ; a likeness, effigy, image.

a (jUis jjS tnnd-'inan, Fast-going (horse),
hard-mouthed, unmanageable.

a tund-g&azab, Prone to anger,

irascible.

a ,»W .u? tund-lijdm, Hard-mouthed
(horse).

a tanaddum (v.n. 5 of p-Ai), Being
penitent, repenting.

g\y jjJ tund-mitsdj, Of hasty temper,
jui timd-maza, Astringent, styptic,

us^Jj** jlS tiind-miraft, Rapidity of motion
(m.c).

a juj tund-fahm, Quick-witted, ready
of speech.

jmS tandil, A spider.

yj j Ai» ii tes, = j*» q.v,

AJi ^ iiwwi w jkhund, tand u khand.
Scattered ; topsy-turvy.

tundur, tandur, Thunder ; the night-
ingale ; — tundur (for ^ 1-v-)> A furnace,
stove, &c.

i-i tan-dih (giving the body), Diligent.
tunda, Bud, follicle, pod ; a red bee.

(jfc-J (jj.> tan-dihi, Application, exertion.
tundi, Violence ; sharpness, smart-
ness ; ruggedness ; quickness, swiftness ;
astringency, stypticity ; a prominence, tu-
mour, protuberance ; — tundi' i gosh, Three
protuberances in the inner ear.

a tandid (v.n. 2 of ■*), Declaring,
divulging, publishing; tearing (a veil), de-
faming.

^jjAif tandidan, tundtdan, To thunder ;
to murmur, mutter; to be in a rage; to
chide ; to put forth flowers, buds, or leaves
(trees).

y-jj-jt ia/tides, 'WjaJ tandesa, A picture,
Ac. (see y-"»).

328 ) ^

jf.^> iundyor (for jjf-uS q.v.), Jumping,
leaping, dancing.

St*iS tqndiya, The human shape or figure.
s*y5 tan-zada, Taciturn, modest.
a J>« tanazzul (v.n. 5 of Jy), Descending
slowly, softly, and gently ; descent, decline,
diminution, wane, decay, falling off ; degra-
dation.

iyj tunza, A bud, a pod.
a tyi tanazzuh (v.n. 5 of »y), Being far;
being pure, keeping oneself free from vice
or stain ; being modest, chaste ; continence.

s-8) y* tan-zeb, tan-zib (ornament of the
body), A sort of fine cotton cloth rather
thicker than muslin, in Bengal commonly
called tanjibs ; an under-waistcoat.

A JiV*' tantil (v.n. 2 of J^), Sending any-
thing down (especially as God does from
heaven) ; causing (a traveller) to alight,
lodging and treating him hospitably ;
revelation from heaven ; the Qur'an.

A StyS tanzlh (v.n. 2 of ty), Purifying,
cleansing, keeping oneself at a distance
from everything unclean ; purity, holiness.

jSL. (jjr tan-solar (— q.v.), Universal
matter.

^Ljj tan-sdii (prob. error for yV-^ tf),
Quiet, tranquil.

tanasta, A spider's web.
£ — tanmkh, Curious, precious, rare (see
Jj^jj below).

a nU! tanassuk (v.n. 5 of «sl-~>), Being
devout, pious ; piety, devotion.

a J—jj tanasBul (v.n. 5 of J— Genealogy;
pedigree.

a f*—** tanassum (v.n. 5 of ,»—*), Breathing ;
smelling anything fragrant, sniffing up a
breeze.

iansuq (pi. taneuqdt), Anything
rare, precious; present.

t — >* tansa, Anxious, troubled, distressed
in mind.

a tansiyat (v,n. 2 of Causing
to forget.

jt-i^y tanaikh (v.n, 2 of £~J), Causing to
annul or abrogate; cancelling; abrogation;
quashing.

gjLe—a' tansldan, To be troubled, disturbed
in mind.

a iansiq (v.n. 2 of juJ), Arranging,

disposing in order (a speech), stringing
(pearls).

a ^>AiS tanaehshut (v.n. 5 of Being
brisk, lively, active, alert ; cheerfully doing
anything ; travelling briskly.

ijjA-i* tan-ahuy, A table on which dead
bodies are washed ; a cistern, fountain, or
brook where people bathe or make their
ablutions ; a sink.

a tamhit (v.n. 2 of ^), Making

cheerful, lively, brisk.

a yis tanassur (v.u. 5 of yi), Becoming a
Christian (Nazarine),

( 329 )

a tjz#c£ tansis (v.n. 2 of i^i), Making
clear, evident ; dunning.

A tanstf (v.n. 2 of <- A «>»), Dividing

in the middle, or into two equal parts ; bi-
secting, bisection; covering with a veil.

A ±#H> tanzid (v.n. 2 of Laving in
order one upon or by the side of another.

a i_AliiJ tanazzuf (v.n. 5 of Keep-
ing clean or neat ; striving after cleanli-
ness, neatness, purity.

a f^aii tanazzvm (v.n. 5 of f&), Being ar-
ranged, strung (pearls).

a j!>k-tf tanzlr, Beholding, contemplating ;
likening, resembling,

a ■ ft.AiV tanzlf (v.n. 2 of <-^), Purify-
ing, cleaning.

a f*&> tanzlm (v.n. 2 of fM), Composing
(verses) ; threading (pearls) ; ordering,
arranging.

a s-»V^,c (jj? tan-'ajaib, With forms of
marvellous beauty,

a J**i' tana"ul (v.n. 5 of J*>), Putting
on shoes.

a p*js tana"um (v.n. 5 of ,♦«*), Enjoying
in abundance the conveniences and com-
forts of life ; happiness, enjoyment, ease ;
prosperity.

A f,**£ tan'im (v.n. 2 of Bestowing
plenty ; putting in a state of comfort and
ease ; pampering ; rendering soft, delicate,
and effeminate; saying na'am, " Yes," in
confirmation of any assertion ; acknowledg-
ment.

a (ja*>u> iangM? (v.n. 2 of yo* 5 ), Render-
ing life wretched, annoying, vexing.

tannffukh (v.n. 2 of £*»), Being in-
flated ; — tanaffiikhi riya, Emphysema.

a tanaffur (v.n. 5 of /»), Avoiding,
shunning; aversion, disgust; — tanaffur az
ghizd, Dislike of food.

a u-Aa> tanaffus (v.n. f> of (j- 45 ); Breath-
ing ; respiration ; fetching a deep, cold
sigh ; breaking (the dawn) ; blowing of a
morning breeze.

s— tanfasa, tanfa, A valuable kind
of carpet (unsupported by exnmples; see
s^-jju and it- aU»).

a Jia' tanaful (v.n. 5 of Jw), Doing
more than the law requires ; saying prayers
of supererogation.

a XJui tanfa (v.n. 2 of Transmit-
ting (an order or letter) ; causing to pe-
netrate, to pass, to take effect.

Aj~4a? tanfir (v.n. 2 of _^), Terrifying,
causing to fly.

a y-s&tf tanfit (v.n. 2 of tj~**), Consol-
ing, comforting, easing, refreshing.

a JsAaJ tanfil (v.n. 2 of Ja>), Presenting
with a gift or with plunder.

t Syi (jj> tan qara, Black leprosy.

jUaH) tunqatdr, iunqitar, tunqutar, A
night watchman ; '.v taper, rushlight.

^yUj&ii' tunqatdrl, The duty of a night
watchman, nightly guard.

a i*JU» tanqiyat, tanqiya (v.n. 2 of t _ 5 il)'
Cleaning, purifying ; purging; winnowing;
deciding, decision ; — tanqiya Jcardan, To
clean, to purify; — tanqiya kardani xa&fcm,
To cleanse a wound, to deterge.

A tanqlh (v.n. 2 of (-as), Lopping ;
cleaning; polishing (verses) ; purging; de-
ciding, investigation, examination, search,
inquiry ; ascertaining.

a <t-1I» tanqih-talab. Demanding in-

quiry or investigation ; to be decided or
determined ; for decision.

A^siii' tanqir (v.n. 2 of yU), Examining,
inquiring into, scrutinising; whistling,
singing (a bird).

a u^^' tanqis (v.n. 2 of u**), Diminish-
ing ; diminution.

a J***; tanqil (v.n. 2 of J^), Transporting
from place to place.

tanuh, tunuk (S. tanu< tanuka),
Thin, slender, slight, weak, delicate (in
comp. frequently interchanged with *s50J,
which seems etymologically related to it) ;
shallow ; effeminate ; a thin cake or fritter.

sj^ itUJ tanuk-ab, A shallow stream, a
shallow.

Sensible ; sensitive.

Sensibility.

C)i «*^» tanuk-bazm, Who talks idly in an
assembly ; jester ; nugatory.

Sj^i i*Uj tanuk-bahra, Whose share or
portion is small.

y-rf esijj tanuk-bez, A fine sieve, strainer.

syCii tankara, tankira, A copper boiler,
cauldron.

a J^>.) utU> tanuk-rish, Thin-bearded.

tanuk-rozi, Whose means of
subsistence are scanty.

^fUAy utL; tanuk-riishana'l, Of little
brightness.

^ ctUs tanuk-ruy. One who obtains a
request without importunity.

&t\*j~. usks tanuk-sarmdya, Possessed of a
small capital.

a fr^i usVu* tanuk-fahm, Of weak under-
standing.

a udi> tanuJc-sabr, Impatient.

a >_ijt usXi»" tanuk-zarf (a weak vessel), A
tale-bearer, tattler, simpleton ; smooth,
simple, unblemished ; a tabula rasa.

a udiJ ianuk-mata', Having but a

small stock-in-trade.

a e^y* <*k» icmttfc mizaj, Whimsical,
peevish.

,*L> tanuk-muy, tanuk-moy, Thin-

J haired.

I <t*}&* tankub, A dish of sour milk, garlic,
and walnuts.

tanka, tanaka, tunvka, A leaf or sheet
of metal, of gold or silver; gold; money;
a certain coin.

a jSiS tankir (v.n. 2 of yO), Altering,

( 330 )

transforming, disguising, rendering inca-
pable of being recognised.

i^Sm tankira, A cauldron or boiler.

a (_r**&J tanhis (v.n. 2 of u-&), Turning
upside down, capsizing, inverting.

*iSy tang, Narrow, strait; sad, anxious,
distressed; strong; near, neighbouring;
rare, scarce ; numerous, many ; half a load
(as much as is carried upon one side) ; a
package, bundle, sack ; an ass-load of
sugar; a concealing, putting out of sight ;
a strait, defile, mountain pass; anxiety,
affliction ; a horse-girth ; a strap for fasten-
ing a load; the press of an oil-mill; a
plain surface on which painters draw their
first sketch ; (= *j^jjjt) Mani's picture
house ; name of a place in Turkistan ; a
district in Badakhshan ; [tang dmadan,
To come near ; to have but one course of
action open ; to get into a fix ; to be sad
(mm.cc.) ;—(angi turkan, Name of a place
in Turkistan renowned for the beauty of
its inhabitants ;—tang ehudan, To become
narrow ; to be in a bad way; to become en-
raptured ; to be disturbed in inind (mm.cc);
— tang Jard giriftan, To be afflicted,
offended, moved ; — tang kardan, To confine,
block up, reduce to difficulties ; to choke;—
tang numudan, To contract; — ba-tang dma-
dan (shtidan), To be oppressed, afflicted ; to
be indignant ; — ba-tang awardan, To annoy
greatly, to reduce to distress; — dil ba-tang
awardan, To distress one's mind; — dida'i
tang, An avaricious eye ; — edli tang, A
barren year ;] — ting, A bird's beak ; — tunq,
A narrow-necked vessel; a chalice (ui.c.).

s->l tang-db, Shallow.

i£SjS\SLtS tangdtang, In close contact,
crowded.

yXu tangdr, Borax.

a .iO tang-ilthtih'i t, Closely mixed.

f^z-A tang-dstm. Narrow of sleeve,
poor, destitute ; honest ; — tang-dstini,
Poverty ; honesty.

liS^J tang-agJiosh, Who holds in
close embrace.

<*£a> tang-anddm, With tender limbs ;
with narrow parts.

^l&tf tangdy, Narrowness, straitness ; a
narrow place ; a mountain pass ; the grave ;
t he world ; the human frame (see ^UiiJ).

tang-bar, A narrow way ; half a
load, a package ; one who will not give
place or admittance to another ; inacces-
sible ; rare, scarce, invaluable ; an epithet
of God.

m£.u tang-bak_ht. Luckless, unfortu-
nate, distressed.
■jixSm tang-bez, A fine sieve, strainer.
&JyLj t*£jj tang-paighfda, The world.
uCSm tingit, Name of a place.

4±CJ tang-tab, Of little patience, very
ardent; weak, powerless.

*sJW <iSJS tang-tang, A great many.

(•W- >iW tang-jam, Easily intoxicated (see

^>\j»t ijJvlJ).

<s£j3 tang-chdy, Tightness, closeness;
difficulty, distress ; scarcity ; stinginess,
parsimony.

^^Sij iangchdt (pi. of tangcha), Small
coins.

,»A>. «aCtf tang-chaehm, One with narrow,
close eye- lids; blind; insatiable, covetous,
devouring all with the eyes ; a demoniac; a
woman who has had but one busband ; a
Turk.

tangcha, A small silver coin ;
money (see and £&>).

a J^«X« tang-hdl, Straitened, poor.

a (jJV^&j tang-hall, Poverty, distress,
straits, narrow circumstances, adversity.

a (jSlejo. i^fUs tang-fyau^aUigi, Impatience,
peevishness, fretfulness.

a il-ja. tang-hamala, Who cannot

conceal hiB secrets or possessions ; of
narrow mind, mean, vile.

ji- tang-Mo, Bad-tempered.
uSUi tang-kho'i, Ill-temper.

<s*~.j>Sii5 tang-dad, Tight-handed ; poor;
a cushion.

i^— tang-dasti, Parsimony; poverty;
weakness.

JaS^j tang-dil, Heart-sick, desponding;
compassionate ; a miser.

JiiSLtf tang-dill, Heartache, grief ; com-
passion ; niggardliness.

<£&i tang-dahan. Small-mouthed; a
sweetheart.

^Sjjj iiXU; tang-rozi, Poor.

^sj) *sW tang-ruy, Teuder-cheeked.

y&J tangiz, Name of a thorny tree.

fcjljAej J-SjJ tang-m'fardn, (tangi za'frdn),
Yellow leaves falling in autumn. ,

6jfi>j 4iSU> tang-zahra, Crestfallen, despon-
dent.

■■Jj isXsi' tang-zlst, Pinched, distressed.

t^SJs tangis, Name of a thorny tree.

j\ — SU> tang-sdr, Weakness of intellect;
transmigration, metempsychosis.

J\— &i tang-sdl, Scarcity ; a barren sea-
son.

JU. vt&j tang-sali, Dearth, scarceness.

•j> — Sjtj tangast, Name of a place famous
for its beautiful crystal.

a >-p>\/» 4s<j> tang-shardb, Soon drunk.

j£s» Jsm tang-shakar, A mistress's mouth.

a Jji «aJU> tang-iarf (enclosed in a nar-
row vessel), Anxious, distressed; — tang-
zarfi, Distress, adversity.

a ^ tang-shaqq, Having a narrow

split (a pen).

a ij4~c ^SJs tang-'aieh, Poor ; melancholy.

a ji <£SJi tang-fur sat, Nick of time ;
having but a short opportunity.

j*£ tiSjS tang-gir, One who presses hard of
squeezes ; parsimonious, frugal.

^jeS isSJs tang-girl, Parsimony, fruga-
lity.

( 331 )

s-1 hSm tang-lab, With delicate lips.

^Jt^Ss} tangalosh, lAjl&w tangaloshd, Name
of the 'works of a famous Grecian artist,
aa celebrated in the East as those of the
painter Mani; the study or academy of
Grecian painterB.

a uuj — - <iCi? tang-masarrat, Of short-
lived joy,

a iJiAiL. tjSUS tang-ma'' ash, Poor, destitute
of means.

{-y> isSJs tang-maiddnii subh, The

inconstancy of the morning.

U&J langna, A grave.

fjD.SJj tangndy, A difficulty ; a defile ; —
tangndyi kh.dk, The world ; the body ; the
grave ; — tangndyi dahr, The world ; time.

isXi^ i^iiu tang-nishlmani nahang,
The world ; the sky ; time.

tango, The king of Khata or Khutan.
tanga, Cash, gold or copper coin ;
thin paste, macaroni ; a mountain-pass
(m.c ) ; straits (in.c.) \— tanga' i buahrd. A
thin paste used in the dish q.v.

<_5&» tangl, Narrowness, closeness, b trait -
ness, tightness ; difficulty ; anguish, con-
straint ; poverty, want ; a sack; of Tang (i.e.
beautiful) ; — tangl'i taht&ni'i lagan, Outlet
of pelvis; — tangl'i fauqanl'i lagan, Inlet of
pelvis.

sA)&> tang-ydb, Difficult to be found,
rare ; care-crazed.

ip&s tangira, A brazen kettle, cauldron
(see ij&i, tjt&s).

a tanmiyat (v.n. 2 of u**), Spread-
ing false reports, calumniating ; throwing
wood upon a fire, and making it burn
fiercer.

a tanmiq (v.n. 2 of t>*0, Writing a
fine ornamental hand,
•w-* tanand, and —

j.Ui5 tanandu, A spider ; a cobweb ; a
weaver's instrument (round which the
warp is rolled, and then carried over the
comb).

6iuj tananda, Drawing, twisting, plaiting ;
a spider ; a weaver's instrument.
f*tanu, Power, strength,
vyj ianub, A kind of fir-tree.

tanutde, Learned ; a man of busi-

aesB.

<J*<? ) (jj tan-u-tosh, Power, strength,
a^^i taniidan, To draw ; to twist, plait,
spin.

))$ tanur, (Z, tanura) , An oven ; — tanilri
badan, A kind of leprosy ; ringworm.

a. jyi tanauwur (v.n. 5 of yJ), Seeing a
fire at a distance ; shining ; anointing one's
body with an unguent which pulls up hair
by the roots.

«-«-» tanur-dshub, A coal-rake ; a fire-
brand.

^ jjii tanur-tdb, A pair of bellows.
i>U- jyiS tanur- khdnah, a^-jy* taniiriddn,
A bakehouse.

ijy£ tanura, A part of dress worn by der-
vishes from their middle ; a sort of
armour ; a tunnel through which wa,tev
rushes on a mill-wheel ; forming a ring
or circle (people sitting together) ; an iron
grate used by travellers.
tanoz, Cleft, fissure.

Sj^u fanoza, Split, cracked, cleft asunder.

a g^s tanauwv? (v.n. 5 of gy), Being
divided into distinct parts or species.

■x^yS tanumand, Robust, corpulent;
strong, powerful; tall; broad, fat; con-
tented, cheerful, in good case.

^Aj*»jiS tanumandi, Robustness, corpu-
lence ; power.

J^yj tanwand, Scattered about, dispersed.

A *yJ tanauwuh (v.n. 5 of *y), Being
exalted, sublime ; being extolled, praised.

^jjj tanwi, One whose eye is fixed up-
ward ; appearing.

a tanwtr (v.n. 2 of jy), Shining;
illuminating, giving light ; flowering, blos-
soming ; appearing (the light of day) ; illu-
mination.

a pif£ tanwim (v.n. 2 of |»y), Lulling to

sleep.

a a*y? tanwln (v.n. 2 of oy), Marking the
final letters of nouns with the nasal vowele
_i_ un, JL. an, or ~~7~ in ; nunnation.

a tawwih (v.n. 2 of »y), Praising,

exalting ; calling ; greatness, grandeur.

tana, The body ; a web ; the trunk of
a tree ; acceptance ; content, satisfaction ;
cloth sufficient for a dress ; soft goat's
hair ; interior (the last three meanings un-
supported by examples) ; [tana'i dirafsM,
The trunk of a tree ; — tana shudan, To
accept; to be pleased or satisfied; — tana'i
'ankabut, A spider's web ;] — tunna, The
thunny fish.

V> tanhd (pi. of tan), Bodies ; alone, so-
litary ; an odd number.

tanhd-rau (raw), A solitary wanderer.

iitfl^ tanhdgdna, Solitary.

^J^r$ tanhd'i, Solitude, loneliness, soli-
tariness.

tana-khwdri, Torture, torment,

punishment.

j\j i^j tana-ddr, Trunked (tree).

^ tam, Corporeal, bodily.

t)W*» taniydn, Material (substances).

jtf ,_ytf tani-tdtsh, The air as element.
tanid, A web.

y-VS tdnidan, To twist, weave, spin, in-
volve ; to deceive ; to effect ; to be Bilent ;
to be twisted.

ianlda, Woven ; silent ; a cobweb ;
a weaver's instrument.

&j— J tanlza, A side, border, skirt, edge.

a tinnin, A large serpent, a dragon ;
a great monster, the sea-serpent ; a shark ;
the constellation of the dragon (mostly
with art. at-tinnin or tinnlni falak, which
also signifies the galaxy or milky way) ;

( 332 )

Dependencies, appurte-
tatuabil, Seasonings for meat,

island near Sarandib ; — zanabi tinnln, Tlie
dragon's tail, a star.

y Uiv, Heat, warmth ; twist, turn ; a fold ;
a ditch, pool, or hole where water stag-
nates ; — to, A curtain ; a fold ; a skin
formed on the surface of milk ; in, into,
within ; [to bar to, Fold upon fold ; — to
dar to, Apartments within apartments
(m.c.) ; intercommunicating (m.c.) ; com-
plicated, intricate, entangled (m.c.) ;] — tu
(S. twain), Thou ; — tu, A feast, an enter-
tainment.

a y tauw, Alone, single ; a rope of a single
twist ; a careless man ; an edifice.

a \j> tawd, Ruin ; ruined, destroyed,
lost.

a v»V tawwdb, Penitent, contrite; re-
lenting.

a £>\)5 tawdbi'
nances.

A J»V

herbs.

&>\j> tawdba (according to others a\y ta-
wdna or &>\y tawdya), Name of a champion.

a ks~9>ly tawdbit (pi. of tabid). Arks,
chests ; coffins.

a tawtitur (v.n. 6 of yj), Following
in succession ; succession, continuation ; —
taivdturi nafas. Difficulty of breathing ;
panting ; gasping.

a tawdjud (v.n. 6 of •*■>■;), Mutual

ecstacy ; rapture.

u^V tawdji (pi. tawdjiydn), A prefect,
chief, commander.

jly tawdr, A rope for tying on a load.

fc>>**»\)\)» tawdranidan, To be piled up ;
to be attached, joined (doubtful word pro-
bably formed from the preceding).

A tawdrud (v.n. 6 of Jy), Coming to-
gether to the watering-place ; coming in a
lump, assembling.

a jV iawdra, A straw hut, in which the
keepers of the vineyard take shelter ; — tu-
wara, A structure of reeds, under which is
the dunghill, the privy, and such-like ;
thorns fixed on a wall; (from Heb. mifi)
the law.

A isj? taw&ri (v.n. 6 of ^sy), Lying hid,
concealing oneself.

a £J^y tawarikh (pi. of ta'rikh), Epochs,
dates j histories, chronicles, annals ; — ahli
tmodrikk, A historian ; chroniclers.

a y)V tawdzun, A being equal in weight.

a <^j\y tawdzi (v.n. 6 of i^), Assembling ;
— for tawdzi (v.n. 6 of <£■&), Injuring

one another.

ij^jV tawazidan, To add little by little
(doubtful word).

jj-V tiwdsi, A carpet, embroidered rug.

a g*\y taw&zu' (v.u. 6 of Humbling,
abasing oneself; humility, submission, at-
tention, courtesy, civility ; hospitality, re-
ception, entertainment; gift, present; pre-
tended kindness, empty compliment ; —

taivdzu'i mmarqandi, False politeness ; — bar
sablli taivdzu', By way of submission.

a ^ %*>\f tawdzu'-aarl, Humility, sub-
mission.

a 'y^y iawatxC (v.n. 6 of Uy), Consent-
ing, agreeing.

a tawu'ud (v.n. 6 of >»cj), Promising
to one another.

§&\f tnwdjfltaj, The white and bitter
bark of a certain tree.

a (J*!y tawdfuq (v.n. 6 of ijlj), Agreeing
together ; concord, good understanding ;
harmony ; concurrence, coincidence ; league,
conspiracy ; (in arithmetic) being divisible
by the same quality without leaving a re-
mainder; commensurability.

a £t»»!y tawdqi' (pi. of tauqV), Royal
letters.

(jjfly tawdkun, A kite.

J\y" tuwdl, End, extremity ; turning
back.

a A^y tawdlud (v.n. 6 of Jdj), Begetting,
propagating ; generation, birth ; succession
of generations.

A <_^V ^wdir (v.n. 6 of J)), Following in
succession; continuation; succession.

fcJ^'V' tawdlidan, for yJ^\y q.v.

a fly" tau'am, A twin ; the sign Gremini ;
— tau'am gashtan, To be twin with, to be
linked to.

a (^U c \y tau'amdni (dual of tau'am),
Twins.

(j^y tuwdn, tawdn, Power, strength ; it is
possible, one may; a cloud; (in comp.)
able, powerful ; — farmdni kazd-twwdn,
Commands powerful as fate, i.e. irresis-
tible.

U^y tuwdnd, Powerful, strong, able.
^yWy tuwdnd-tari, Superior power, pres-
tige.

tuwdna-kun, Who renders power-
ful.

^V^y tuwdndhl, <j^*V tuwdna 'f, Power,
strength ; a hand.

<s<^y tawdncha, A slap.

c-iJ yly tuwdn-dukht, Name of the
daughter of Khuaraw Parvez.

y^—My tuwdnistan, To be powerful, able,
equal to ; to get the mastery.

,jtj\y tuivdnish, Power, strength.

eV tuwdn-kun, The powerful agent
(God).

tuwdngar, Great, powerful; rich.
tuwdngardn, The rich and power-
ful.

( _ s ^S>\y tuwdngari, Powerfulness ; wealth,
riches.

iJZi\f tuwdngl, Riches, goods, wealth.

*l\y tawdna, see <v»\y.

a J^y tawdni (v.n. 6 of ^j), Being in-
dolent and languid; delay; slowness, lan-
guor, lassitude.

yjui^y tawdnidan, To feel pain; to pain
— tuwanidan, To be able.

jtf Ajy toba-kdr (or &jy toba-ddr),
Penitent; restrained by a vow.

i*y io&a-fcari, Penitence ; a vow of
abstinence.

a 4«l> &tf tauha-ndma, A written expres-
sion of repentance or vow not to offend
again.

A£i*y taubikji (v.n. 2 of (j> } ), Threaten-
ing, chiding, rebuking; a reproach ; — tau-
bijch kardan, To blame ; to threaten.

A "Vat^y taubikhan, P. iAafc-jy taubikh-
ana, invectively.

i »j5e«!y taubikhl, Objurgatory.

t ^y top, A cannon ; a division of
troops, a band; — topi asb-rau, Horce-
artiilery ; — top anddkjitan, To fire guns

1/ ( 333 )

Ay*Ay tawdhnha, Meat well dressed.

tawdha, Fried ; an omelet ; roast

meat.

u^y tawdhi, Destroyed ; incomplete.
tawdya, see *»\y.

a vy iaub (v.n.), Bepenting, returning
(from sin to God) ; turning, relenting, be-
coming gracious (God to man).

s^y tob, A fold, twist ; a single thing, a
unit ; multiplicity ; the eye ; for i_>y q.v.

*jWy iiibdra, A he-goat.

JWy tubal, Brass, copper ; filings ; par-
ticles of heated metals that fly off under
the stroke of the hammer ; — tubdli miss,
Blue vitriol.

a tubdmulun, Name of a plant

yielding a milky juice ; a sort of broom.

y4y tubdn, Wrestler's breeches, very
short, and besmeared all over with oil or
grease.

a £>y taubat, tauba, vulg. toba, Vowing to
sin no more ; repenting ; repentance, peni-
tence ; conversion; abjuring; renouncing;
recantation ; — tauba dddan, To cause re-
pentance ; — tauba ehikastan, To break a
vow; — tauba farmudan {kardan, guftan),
To repent.

U^"-/ tobchi, di^.y tob-kh&na, = i^F^y >

/ jl / fo bar to, Fold on fold ; step by
step; at the tail of one another; sheep's
tripe ; a sweetmeat ; self-willed ; a scoun-
drel ; a term of abuse.

y->j s->y tob-rasan, A twisted rope.

tobra, A huntsman's bag ; the nose-
bag of a horse.

Bjiy tobazak, The root of a water-melon ;
a Blice of a water-melon.

tubak, taubak, A treasury, magazine,
strong box ; a larder.

(j£»y" tobki, A coin formerly current.

J>y tobal, The front part of the fore-
head.

a J»y taubal, Herbs or spiceries for
seasoning the pot.

tauba, see A. **y ; — tuba, The rainbow.
a &ty" tauba-shikan, Who breaks a
vow of repentance.

(m.c.) ; — topi tah-pur, A breech-loading
cannon (m.c.) ; — topi khdn-ddr, A ritled
cannon (m.c.) ; — topi dahan-pur, A muzzle-
loader ; — top zadan. To fire guns, to can-
nonade ; — topi shash-pilnd, A six-pounder
(m.c.) ; — topi (jangi) sahrd'i, Field-piece
(m.c.) ; — topi nuh-pu.nd, A nine-pounder
(m.c).

^if tupd (in Zand and Pazand), An
apple.

J^y tiipdl, Bits of gold, silver, iron, cop-
per (see JV)-

<j\jjUy top-anddz, An artillery-man.

topchl, Commissary of ordnance ; u.

gunner.

t **U- ^_>y top-khana, An arsenal ; a
park of artillery ; artillery.

«^>y tupak, taupak, A magazine or store-
house ; a mouey-chest.

>_>y top-hawd'i, Blank shot.
a «»y tut, A mulberry ; the mulberry-
tree ; — tutijangali (tih-gul, kdhl), The black-
berry ; — tuti farai.gl, The strawberry.

a pantry,
a sort of
street

"^>y tautak, A money -chest ;

m

store-house; — totak, A parrot
bread; a shepherd's pipe;
Shlraz,

(j£»y totagi, = u^y q.v.
gU>y tdtmdj, Vermicelli soup.
t yJy tutun, Tobacco,
yy to-to, Covering each other (as the
coats of an onion).

t yyy tiitun, Tobacco ; — tutuni isldmbul,
Turkish tobacco ; — tutuni kurdiitdn, Vir-
ginia tobacco.

*»y tuta, A sty on the eye-lid ; — tota, A
parrot.

(jfy totl, A parrot ; a ship ; the outfit of
a bride, trousseau.

A "Wy tutiyd' (S. tuttha), Tutty ;—-tiitiyd'i
akbar, A shell whence they make tutty ; —
— •tutiyd'i daulat, State tutty, a remedy for
national affairs ; — tutiyd'i dida, A cullyrium
or medicine for the eyes ; — -tutiyd'i zard, The
Basrah stone ; — tutiyd'i sabx, Green vitriol;
— tutiyd'i gkura, Tutty dissolved in the
juice of sour grapes and applied as a remedy
to strengthen the sight. ; — tutiyd'i qalam,
The eye-refreshing effect of a skilful pen.
a JU* Ui'y tutiyd misdl, Like tutty.
a >i»y tag, A mulberry ; — tusi halw, The
sweet or white mulberry ; — tusi hdmiz, The
acid or black mulberry.

a i>-iy tausiq (v.n. 2 of Establish-
ing, strengthening, making fast; declaring
or esteeming anyone to be trusty and
worthy of confidence.

cy tftj, A quince ; a mixed metal, brass.
A«-y tujaba, tiijiba, A torrent, an inunda-
tion ; an angel.

A gry tawajju' (v.n. 5 of Being
pained, showing marks of grief ; grieving
for, condoling ; eulogy of the dead.

A 4>y tawajjuh (v.n. 5 of *^), Turning

( 334 )

towards or proceeding towards; counte-
nancing, regarding, attending ; inclination ;
regard, attention, favour, kindness, obliging-
ness ; consideration ; — tawajjuhi ihdss, A
turning (of the face) God- ward ; — tawajjuh
numudan, To set out; — tawajjuhi niyat-amez,
Prayers mixed with humility, a humble
prayer.

A wwl^y tawajjuhdt (pi. of the preceding),
Attentions, favours, &c.

A ij^y taujlh (v.n. 2 of *>>), Turning to-
wards ; sending; promoting to honour;
explaining, accounting for; illustrating;
illustration; argument; adjustment of ac-
counts; assessment; a statement, a de-
scription-roll.

a (_r*y **>y iaujih-niwiB, A keeper of de-
scription-rolls, clerk of the pipe-office.

a tawahkud (v.n. 5 of ■**■)), Being
single, sole, unique, unparalleled ; taking
(anyone) under his special and sole protec-
tion (God).

A w*^/ tawahhuth (v.n. 5 of ^^y), Being
desolate, deserted (a city) j feeling desolate
or scared ; flying from, aversion, horror.

A tauhid (v.n. 2 of Making

one ; declaring (God) to be one ; a belief
in the unity of God ; unitarianism, anti-
trinitarianism ; the fifth degree of perfec-
tion in Sufi life, where the divine essence
is contemplated as void of any attribute
conceived by thought ; — tauhid Icardan, To
make one; to acknowledge one God.

if tojch, Nettle-tree (Oeltis avistralis).

D^y tokhtan, To pay a debt ; to return
anything borrowed; to acquire, gain, col-
lect by degrees ; to wish, want ; to search,
seek ; to draw ; to show, spread, display,
let off ; to sew, stitch.

w-y toMkta, Paid ; collected, gained, ac-
quired; drawn; spread; sewed.

g*-y tokhaj, A great noise, clamour, tu-
mult.

Ay*-y toltftcka, A receptacle in a wall,
(ji-s-y tawa&fcsh, Drawing.
a ^4-y tawaJ&khi (v.n. 5 of ^j), Pur-
posing.

•>f~ twi (for tut), The mulberry ; — tod (for
toda), A hill ; top, summit ; a heap ; a
camel's bunch.

a k>*y tu'adat, tu'dat, Slowness, sedate-
ness.

A »wy tawaddud (v.n. 5 of Jj), Showing
love ; gaining the lcvo of another.

»jjy todara, A bustard.

^jy tudari, Mallows ; sumach.

a oyj J y todaryiin, Hellebore.

(ji-jy tudasti, Aid, assistance.

Bjjy toduh, A pair, a brace.

Sjy toda, A heap ; a rick, stack ; a hil-
lock, tumulus ; the butt or mark at which
arrows are shot ; — toda'i khdk, A mound of
earth ; — toda'i tufdn, A heap of calumnies,
a great calumniator ; — toda'i kdfur, A heap

of snow ; a fair skin ; a white head ; —
todahd'i khdk, Tropics, climes, degrees of
latitude ; the human frame.

a j>jy taudi' (v.n. 2 of £oj), Laying up
(a garment) in its place ; bidding adieu,
taking leave ; dismissing.

a ;y taur, An internuncio, mediator,
ambassidor ; a drinking- vessel.

tawar (for tabar), An axe, hatchet ; a
jewel ; — tur, Name of the eldest son of
Faridun ; the country of Turan ; a Turk ;
a sturdy wrestler, a champion; a sweet-
heart ; name of the daughter of Iraj, and
wife of Minuchihr; hospitality, entertain-
ment of a guest ; a certain acid culinary
herb ; small, little ; a widow ; vessels ; a
net ; [turi mdhi-giri, A fishing-net (m.c.) ;]
— tor, Withdrawal, flight ; inquiry, search,
investigation.

t turd, A chieftain.

\)f tora (iu Zand and Piizand), An ox ;
a cow ; — tar a (ti^y tura), A kind of screen
from under which warriors used to send
their missiles.

S^y taur at, The Pentateuch.

t usiJ^y tardlih, Dignity of a prince.

a\;y turdn, Turkomania, Turkistan,
Transoxania, so named from Tur, eldest
son of Faridun, to whom his father gave it
for an inheritance.

oV>' tiir&n-dukht, Name of the
daughter or Khusraw Parvez, who reigned
in Persia sixteen months.

sljy^y turdn-shdh, The king of Turin j
the proper nana of many distinguished
men.

,_yljy turdnl, A Scythian, Turkoman.

"tijf ttirtukjThe jungle cock ; a pheasant
(see <*V>y).

yt>jf tiirtlz, Ease, comfort, competency.

t)f turaj, Name of the eldest son of
Faridiin, also called Tur.

fcjjjy tawarsi, yJjjy tawarein, A battle-axe.

i^y tilrsh (for turxh), Acid, sour.

a j)f tawarruq (v.n. 5 of Malleable-
ness.

jJ^y turak, Purslain and its seed; —
(prob. for us^y* tuwurk or twwurg), An
Iranian hero.

a ^y tawarruk (v.n. 5 of >4y)> Re-
clining on the hip ; sitting (at prayer) with
one buttock ou the right foot and the other
on the ground (prohibited by the Muham-
madan law).

a j»_jy tawarrum (v.n. 5 of ^j), Being
seized with a swelling.

a c6y turunj, An orange.

*iX»jy torang, A pheasant; a jungle cock.

O^jy turangdn, God, the creator and
bes tower of life (see ylkJy).

*^y to-ruh, A pair, a brace.

*jy taura, Beloved (son or daughter).

t «jy tora, Law, regulation; custom;
rite; a law instituted by Ghangiz Khan.

jj! ( 835 )

H «j/ tora, A little ; few.

tiii (pi. turiyan), A Turk, Turko-
man, Mongol.

a hyp iauriyat (v.n. 2 of ^jj), Conceal-
ing, dissembling; striking fire; wishing
one thing and pretending another.

a «-4>y taunt. The books of Moses ; —
akli taurit, Those who adhere to the law of
Moses, the Jews.

a tauris (v.n. 2 of ^jj), Appointing
an heir (wdris) ; (equiv. to ta'ris) stirring
(the fire) to make (it) burn brisker.

a^tj? toridan. To be very much ashamed ;
to run away, retire, depart ; to inquire,
eiplore, spy.

£y? taurle. The capital of lAzarbaijan
(see ypf).

a u~>jy taurlg (v.n. 2 of u*_y), Dyeing
(cloth) yellow with the plant wars.

jy toz, Imp. and participle of toiitan,
q.r. ; spoil, plunder, assault ; name of a
city ; = jy q.v.

a jy tfiz, Origin, root ; name of a tree ;
nature, quality.

A jy tauwaz, Name of a place in Persia.

a £jy tawazstu' (v.n, 5 of £jj), Dividing
among themselveB ; distraction, perplexity,
grief.

d jf tmah, Institute, regulation.

»jy toea, A thin bark put on a saddle or
over the handle of a bow.

tS)f tozi, Of or belonging to Toz ; a
light summer garment, manufactured at
Toz ; a flute made at that place ; a ship ;
2nd sing. aor. of tokhtan and toxidan.

yJijy tozldan, To pay ; to gain, collect ;
to draw, spread ; to sack, plunder ; to
Bhow.

a gijjf tauzV (v.n. 2 of £jj), Dividing,
distributing among several ; scattering ; a
paper in which the different separate pay-
ments made by a taminddr, &c. are entered ;
statement, account ; rent-roll ; descriptive
roll.

jj» tozh, Thin bark resembling the papy-
rus.

(jyy tozhi, A school-boy's picnic.

y»y tits, Hard ground ; — tot, A toast
(m.c. from E.) ; — tos kardan. To give a
toast ; — tots numtidan, To drink a toast.

a tut, Mature, disposition ; origin.

"*—> f tu'tt, for y , as az dni tu'st, It
is thine.

a tawasmkh (v.n. 5 of £-j), Being
dirtied, soiled.

a A-y tawaasud (v.n. 5 of Leaning,
reclining upon a cushion ; putting (any-
thing) under the head for a pillow ; laying
the Kur'an under the pillow (implying
both neglect and study).

a k-y iawasiut (v.n. 5 of ^-)), Being the
middle ; becoming a mediator or umpire ;
mediation ; introduction ; middle-man, me-
diator, umpire.

a £-y tawasau' (v.n. 5 of Sitting
with ease, not crowded; width, roominess.

a **-y tausi'at, tausi'a, Amplitude.

\£~f tuskd (?), Name of a tree.

a tawassul (v.n, 5 of J-j), Endea-
vouring to recommend oneself to the notice
and favour of God ; introduction; conjunc-
tion ; copulation.

A p~>f> tawassum (v.n. 5 of (*-•>), Discover-
ing by physiognomy ; pasturing upon early
spring forage.

y~>y taicsan, Wild, unmanageable ; a
young unbroken horse ; a bigh-blooded
steed.

J j y_y tausan-dill, Hard-heartedness.

*i£^-y tosang, Contentment.

fjt—y tausani, Refractoriness, restiveness.

i-y tosa, Fat, sleek, well-fed; — tiisa,
Alder-tree, Alnus berbata (in Georgiatan) ;
Siberian elm, Planera crenata (in Shiraz).

a t£?~f tausikh (v.n. 2 of £-j), Dirtying,
soiling (clothes).

a o^y tausid (v.n, 2 of •*■-}), Placing a
cushion, or causing one to recline on a
cushion.

a i>s-y tausit (v.n. 2 of J»-j), Placing in
the middle ; dividing in the middle, into
two halves.

a £-~y tausi' (v.n. 2 of £-j), Enlarging;
making room ; making wide ; amplifica-
tion, development ; — tausi'i bll&d, The ex-
tending of the territories.

a f**-y taurim (v.n. 2 of /*—)), Assem-
bling from all quarters to celebrate the
festival of Mecca.

\J>f tawixh (for tabieh), Heat, warmth ; —
tosh, Power, strength, vigour ; body; food
sufficient for a meal ; — tush (for tu urd),
Thou (to) him.

**-*y tawisht, Heat.

a c*y tawashslmh (v.n. 5 of c*j) ( Put-
ting on the sash or belt wishah ; girding on
a sword.

^jifcy toshddn, A beggar's wallet ; a
traveller's provision-bag; a pouch, car-
touche- box.

ceUy tushak, A small carpet with a short
pile ; bedding ; a mattress for sleeping on.

yltiy toshkdn, The stove of a bath.

u\a. ttUy tushak-khdna. A wardrobe.

toshgdn, The stove of a bath (see

a U*,y).

J*y tuehal, tushil, A light and thin gar-
ment, also called ^jy q.v.

JU*y tushmdl, An usher, chamberlain ;
who has care of the table.

gU&y toshmdn, A sign ; the middle of a
house or palace (unsupported by examples).

ut~«yi j J*f tosh-ii-posht, Power, splen-
dour, majesty (a word in use with a *J>fe
q.v.).

4A=y toeha, Provisions, necessaries ; — tosha
bar-ddshian, To set out upon a journey ; —
tosha'i chashm, A wistful look j — tosha'i rah.

(

Provisions for the road ; — tosha u gosha,
Food and lodging ; — gosha'i M tosha, A
nook barren of provisions ; a barren dis-
trict.

J JJH **y tosha-parward, A provision-
bearer (see tj£ ^y).

iiU. &t,f tosha-Hdna, Wardrobe; store-
room.

yUii&y toshaddn, A wallet, provision-bag j
a knapsack (m.c).

lt^ tosha-hash, A provision-bearer (on
a bunting expedition or a short journey).

toshi, Children's picnic ; the last
breath of the dying.

a. pj-A/ taushih (v.n. 2 of e*))> Putting a
belt on another; adorning; (in poetry)
arranging the verses so that the initial of
each line being put together may form
some word or verse ; an acrostic.

J**i» tushil, = Jfcy q.v.
' A S"? tawassul (v.n. 5 of J-°j), Being
joined ; seeking connection with ; trying
to obtain.

a &tr°f tausiyat (v.n. 2 of <j»j), Making
a will or testament; admonishing, charging.

a i-i~»y tausTf(v,n. 2 of •~ iu >)), Describing ;
qualifying; description; commendation.

a tausifi, Significant of an attri.

bnte.

a y*y tawazzu' (v.n. 5 of Performing
ablutions before prayer ; bathing, washing
the body ; arriving at the age of puberty,
when ablutions must be observed.

a tauz'th (v.n. 2 of c^j), Making

clear, manifest; manifestation ; illustra-
tion ; publication ; statement, account of
collections.

a g s -*y taitzl' (v.n. 2 of g^j), Depressing,
humbling, putting down ; lowering.

a yty tawattun (vn. 5 of yJ=j), Fixing
one's residence any where ; residence ; apply-
ing the mind to anything.

A tauti'at (v.n. 2 of ^j), Treading
upon, trampling on.

a tautln (v.n. 2 of ^)), Choosing

as a place of residence ; giving rest.

a <-My tauzlf (v.n. 2 of Assigning,
writing an order, paying (anyone) a daily
stipend.

A tawa"ud (v.n. 5 of J*j), Menacing,
terrifying, scolding.

tf togji, A wood which burns several
days ; (T.) a horse-tail standard.

Ity taitgha, A dish prepared from lamb's
meat, flour, and pickles.

q g^y taghdj, A bark, white and very
bitter (see g^V)-

t i^a.iy toghxhl, A standard-bearer (see

* w •

t csj-^y tugkdari, A bustard (see i^J^j-
a J*/ tawaghghvl (v.n. 5 of JA,), Travel-
ling to a distance ; coming and going.

uy to/, Imp. of tofidan ; echo, clamour,
noise.

386 )

O^y tofdn, Noise, sound, din ; the eon-
fused hum of men or animals ; the roar-
ing of the sea ; a storm ; name of Wamiq's
friend (see t>*\>)-

a yy tawaffur (v.n. 5 of yj), Being
numerous, abounding,

a uV' tawaffi (v.n. 5 of ^ } ), Keceiving
the whole of what is due ; receiving to
himself (as God the souls of the just).

tj-^iy tofidan, To cry aloud ; to call for
help ; to roar, to bray ; to raise a tumult.

A^*iy tauflr (v.n. 2 of y>), Making com-
plete or perfect; multiplying, increasing;
completion ; increase, augmentation ; abun-
dance ; excess, surplus, savings; perquisites;
pickings.

a tf— j«iy taufir-sanj, Who weighs out
abundantly.

a ^>*iy taujiq (v.n. 2 of ^j), Making
events to conspire happily ; seconding,
prospering ; divine guidance, grace, or
favour ; the completion of one's wishes ;
prosperity ; ability, power, means, resources,

a tavq (v.n. of jy), Desiring ardently ;
desire.

t jy toq, A horse-tail standard (see
A >i*y taioaqqud (v.n. 5 of ouij) , Burning,
blazing.

a yy tawaqqur (v.n. 5 of y^), Being
modest, mild, gentle, sedate, grave; modesty,
sedateness, gravity ; respect, dignity,
honour.

a giy tawaqqu' (v.n. 5 of Expecting
anything to be done, to fall out, or happen ;
request, hope, wish, desire ; reliance, expec-
tation ; — tawwaqw' ddshtan (Jcardan), To
hope ror ; to expect ; to rely upon (mm.cc).

a <-Aiy tawaqquf (v.n. 5 of «-&»}), Stop-
ping, delaying ; delay, stoppage, pause ;
suspension; hesitation; tediousness; pa-
tience ; — tawaqquf kardan (tiumudan), To
delay, to pause, &c.

t jU*y tuqmdq, A Turkish tribe (see

t jyy tuquz (jy 1 * tuquz), Niue ; hence
present, gift, such being offered to kiugs,
&c, by nines, as a sacred number.

<my ttiqa, A buckle (see **").

tawaqqi (v.n. 5 of ^ } ), FeariDg,
being afraid of, shunning ; protecting, de-
fending oneself.

^jiy tauqlt (v.n. 2 of Appointing
a time for auytbing, especially prayers.

A jciy tauqlr (v.n. 2 of y/), Honouring,
revering, respecting ; treating with cere-
mony : honour, reverence, veneration, re-
spect ; trying, proving.

A g-iy tauqt' (v.n. 2 of gij), Signing (an
order, A.c.) with the royal signet ; the royal
signet put to diplomas, letters patent, and
other public deeds (of an intricate forma-
tion, containing the king's name and titles) ;
a diploma thus signed ; thought, conception,
opinion.

( 337 ) ay

<-**>y tauqif (v.n. 2 of Causing to

stand; standing one behind another (a
regiment) ; causing one to understand,
making him acquainted; adorning with
bracelets.

tok, The eye ; a clew of wool ; a lock
of hair ; forelocks.

A. tawakltud (v.n. 5 of J^j), Being
confirmed.

a Jiy" tawdkkul (v.n. 5 of Depending
upon ; trusting to ; trust in God ; faith,
reliance ; resignation (to the Divine will).

a jty tawakku' (v.n. 5 of '^), Leaning (on
a staff).

a ±ff taukicl {v.n. 2 of j>S>), Confirming,
strengthening, connecting strongly ; energy ;
emphasis.

a J*ty taukll (v.n. 2 of Jfj), Appointing
ft lieutenant, deputy, substitute, factor, or
agent (tvakil) ; entrusting a business to
anyone ; keeping in custody ; imprisonment.

Jy tul, War, contention; the circumfe-
rence of the mouth ; wry-mouthed ;~tol,
Flight, elopement ; imp. of tolidan.

A ty tawalld (for Jy tawalll, v.n. 5 of J//,
Choosing for a friend ; — tawalla kardan, To
befriends with, to befriend.

sty tuldj, Of one piece; a washing-tub.

a s-Jy taulab, An ass's colt.

s^jjy trdbara, A shoe ; a last.

a iiy <Mtt.'a.Zai, taulat, tiilat, A misfor-
tune, a dreadful calamity ; — tuwalat, tiwalat,
A philtre or charm used by a wife to con-
ciliate the affection of her husband ; a
fascinating blandishment, or anything
which deceives and ravishes the heart ;
magic, enchantment.

Oy tolcka (dim. of H. Jy, S. tola),
Name of a weight.

a ^Jy tawallvd (v.n. 5 of aJj), Being gene-
rated, born ; birth ;—tawallnd shudan, To
be born (m.c).

ySty tolush, tillash, A flame ; power (?).

usUy tiilak, Ingenious, quick, intelligent ;
cunning, sly (m.c); moulting; — tiilak
kardan, To moult.

Jty lulagi, A morass, marsh.

i_s^-ty tulinyl, = tm ^^ q.v.

iiy tola, isC- &ly tola-sag, A hound that
hunts by the scent; a whelp; mallow; (S.
tolaka) name of an Indian weight of 2|
misqdls.

fi- <tfy tala-khtir, An ass's colt.

A Jy tawalli (v.n. 5 of J}), Being ap-
pointed to, or assuming, or being confirmed
in, an office ; turning the back, taking flight;
attending to anyone's concerns ; conferring
an appointment.

a £Jy tauliyat (v.n. 2 of J;), Appointing
to a government, setting over ; trusteeship ;
turning the back, flying.

a <ui» c^Jy tauliyat-ndma, Letter or order
appointing one a superintendent ; deed of
trusteeship. I

A ^-3y taulld (v.n. 2 of & } ), Procreating,
begetting, engendering; assisting at a
birth ; doing the work of a midwife ; gene-
ration ; birth, production ; growth ; — tau-
lidi qummal dar badan, Pedicular disease.

t)>ksJy" taulidan, To call aloud ; — also tali
dan, To prick ; to wound with an arrow ; —
tolidan, To flee, depart, retire.

t)^*Jy tullgdn, A kite.

a taullh (v.n. 2 of *Jj), Rendering (a
mother) distracted by taking her child
from her.

a (»y tum, Pearls.

*-*y tUmd (for A.tu'dm), A twin; (in Zand
and Pazand) garli.-.

_>^y tumdr, An amulet-case (of gold or
silver) which they suspend round the necks
of children (see jUy%).

yl*y toman, tumdn, A myriad, 10,000 ; a
sum of inouey equal to 10,000 Arabic silver
drachmas (which are about one-third Jess
than those of the Greeks) ; a sum equal to
fifteen dollars aud a half ; gold coin = 10
sabqrans, about 9fr. ?5cts. (m.c.) ; districts
into which a kingdom is divided, each being
supposed to furnish i 0,000 fighting men.

jl*iUy tomdn-ddr, Commander of a toman.

^ jjl»y tomdn-ddri, Command of a t omdn.

JL»y" tomdni, Of or belonging to, worth
a toman (m.c).

tr*y toman, A district of a hundred vil-
lages.

uy" tawan, The human body ; — tun, The
stove of a bath ; the womb ; an intestine
not cleaned ; name of a town in Khura-
san.

•V tund, = JJl y".
uwy tunak, taunak, A store-house.
*Sjy~ tunaka, tuwanka, A store-house ;
night.

J&y tawangar, Rich, powerful ; a barber.

Jo ^Sty tawangar-dil, u~W»j&y tawangar-
himmat, Liberal-minded.

,<r)&y tawangari, Wealth ; power.

j&f tawangii, A barber; a wardrobe; a
till ; a halter.

*£ty tuwanga, A store-house ; night.

Jiy" tunal, A tunnel (m.c. from E.).
tuna, Fringe, edge, border, selvage.

Jy turn, A native of Tun in Khurasan ;
one who conies from afar and has no home ;
a beggar, a gipsy ; a thief, robber ; one who
takes care of the furnaces in a bath.

)«Jy tuniz, Pepper from Khataor Khotan.
^ y tu u kkudd, I swear to you by

God.

Sjy towa, A pair, a brace.

sy tawa (forA+> taba), Destroyed, ruined;
destruction, perdition, ruin; — also tawih, A
lancet;— tok, A pair, a brace ; a fold, plait.

a ^fey tawahhum (v.n. 5 of ^), Thinking,
suspecting, imagining, supposing ; fancy,
imagination, supposition, conjecture; doubt;
suspicion ; imputation.

( 338 )

a tf**y tauhln (v.n. 2 of i^y), Enervating,
relaxing, debilitating ; scoffing.

isf tuy, toy, Fold, ply; inside; — toy,
Feast, entertainment ; a wedding-feast.

g>yf toyaj, Ivy.

j** cs/ ehir. Cream.

aiiy tuyak, The inside ; a store-room.

Jjy tawil, Bald on the forehead ; — tuwll,
The crown of the head ; the top of the
forehead ; a sign which hunters set up in
the fields with a view to drive the affrighted
game into their net.

my tuunn, Friendly, affectionate; a lama
or Buddhist.

&i.f tuya, The rainbow.

iu'i, Name of a small bird ; thouism
(opp. to ma.nl, egotism) ; (for tu i) thou art.

*» tah, A fold, ply; single, odd; rust;
the bottom, deep, or inner part ; [tahi db,
Bottom of water ; — tahi-tufang, Breech of a
rifle or musket (m.c.) ; — tahi top, Breech of a
gun ; — tahi dil, The innermost heart ; —
tahi sikka. Reverse die (m.c.) ; - tahi mai-
kjidna, The floor of the tavern;] — tih,
Empty (see ^y) ; impression ; — tuh, Saliva,
Bpittle.

a ts>>V tahddi (v.n. 6 of <£ m>), Sending
presents to one another ; balancing oneself
in walking.

a i^j^ tahafut (v.n. 6 of o-ifii), Falling
one part after another (as leaves) ; title of
a book written by Ghazali.

JVy tahdl, A cave, cavern, grot.

a «*UV tahdluk (v.n. 6 of <*&*), Eunning
headlong (to rain) ; tumbling (into bed) ;
waging trippingly (a woman).

a *"V tihamat, The province in which
Mecca is situated.

a tihdmi, A native of Tihama.
tahdn, Empty, void.

yxjUl^s tah&nanidan, To make empty.

H WW thana (8. fthana), A small fort;
the head station of a district.

h \\s tkdna-d&r, Commander of a
small fort ; a man who has the management
of a district.

a cyV tahaieun (v.n. 6 of ^y*), Despising,
neglecting, slighting ; negligence, neglect,
contempt; — tahawun hardan, To despise,
slight, neglect.

tah-hazdri. Ground-rent of a stall
in the market.

<U} <tf tah ba-tah, Plait by plait, every
fold.

a giv tahabbuj (v.n. 5 of g**), Being
afflicted with a swelling; — tahabbuji sara-
tdnl, A scirrhus ; — tahabbuji saratdni jafn,
A scirrhus of the eye-lid.

J*i,»' tahbal, Lazy, slothful ; greedy, vora-
cious ; unfit for anything,

a U— t us tah bisdt., Worthless goods re-
maining unsold.

Jo* a tah-band, A strip worn round the
loins.

tj^-i &' tah-bandl, Anything eaten before
drinking wine.

;j « tah- fur, j> iS tah-rmr-kun, Breech-
loading (m.c).

(j 4 ^ *f tah-poshi, Drawers worn by women
under their trousers.

& tah-piydld, *'^»>*> <S tah-paimdna
(also tahi piydla, lahi-paimdna) , A remain-
der of wine in a cup or bowl.

$4$ tdk-peeh, A cap worn under a tur-
ban.

A «sVsy tahattuk (v.n. 5 of uiXsa), Being
torn, rent (as a veil or a covering) ; being
disgraced ; disgrace, dishonour.

A tahattum (v.n. 5 of ,***), Being
broken.

*J *» tah tah, Multiplied, crowded.

tahjd, Expressing the juice of grapes.

f>W 4? tah-jam (also tahi jam), A remain-
der of wine in a goblet or cup.

•s^f tahajjud (v.n. 5 of >»**), Sleeping
soundly ; being sleepless, walking at
night ; sleeplessness ; a prayer repeated
during the night.

a icj> « tah-jur'a (tahi jur'a), A remain-
der of wine.

A (_sW tahajji (v.n. 5 of j**>), Spelling ;
orthography ; — hurOfi tahajji, The letters of
the alphabet.

a tahjin (v.n. 2 of ^**«), Disgra-

cing, exposing a foul deed, reprobating;
rendering (offspring) base and mongrel
(hajin) .

"O^J tah-khana, A cave, cavern, cellar,

vault.

a J-V tdhaddud (v.n. 5 of .**), Threaten-
ing, terrifying.

jjJV tah-darz, New.

Jj & tah-dil, The innermost heart.

a ju-V tahdld (v.n. 2 of •»*), Terrifying;
threatening ; — tahdld kardan, To threaten,
menace, alarm,

A u^j**^' tahdiddt (pi- of the preceding),
Threats.

a y**\ ->iA^ tahdid-dmez, Mixed witb
menaces.

& tah-degl, Scrapings of a pot; the
burnt part of victuals sticking to the bot-
tom of the pot.

a s-i-V tahrib (v.n. 2 of s-"^*); Purify-
ing ; adjusting, adorning; correcting,
amending ; correction, amendment, refine-
ment, polish ; — tahzihi akMdq, Civilization,
good breeding, refined manners.

a A*ib s-j^v tahzib-ydfta, Polished, re-
fined, well-educated, civilized.

}i &» tah-ru, The stuffing of a saddle.

a tW tahazzuj (v.n. 5 of e)«>), Singing,
warbling, shaking, trilling; twanging (a
bow-string).

a J>*>" tahaizid (v.n. 5 of Jj*>), Being
jocose, facetious.

a tahazxu' (v.n. 5 of *\)A), Mocking
at, exposing to ridicule.

( 389

ft~> 43 iaksabu (also tdhi sabu), A remain- I
der of wine in a jar ov flask. , '

A tahshuh (v.n. 2 of lt**), Making

cheerful.

tah-shlsha (also ZaAi shlska), A
remainder of wine in a bottle or glass.

Jlfyfc &j tah-glnrbdli, Sittings; small
grain.

iuhak, Enrtb, ground, dust ; — tahali,
iihih,. Empty, naked.

A tahahhum (v.n, 5 of Strut-
ting pompously ; mocking at ; contempt,
mockery, derision ; pride, repentance.

5^ &» iah-gira, What remains in a basket,
rubbish.

A i&ly tahlukat, tahlakat, tahlikat (v.n. of
Perishing, dying ; ruin, perdition.

A JV tahallul (v.n. 5 of J«), Brighten-
ing up (the face) ; shining, flashing
(lightning) ; flowing (of tears or water).

A tahllJc (v.n. 2 of ^U*), Ruining,

destroying.

A J«lv toftW (v.n. 2 of Ja), Praising
God, by saying Id Hdha illa'llah, There is
no god but God; being timid, pusillani-
mous; joy, exultation, cheerfulness.

,«V taham, tahm (Z.takhma), Brave, war-
like; incomparable, unrivalled in stature
or courage; = y£*y cj.v. ; the ninth heaven.

su>U u tah-manda, A remainder of food,
offal.

a tahmat, Mecca and the neighbour-
ing province ; a city -.—tuhmat, Evil opinion,
suspicion ; — tahmat bastan, To throw
calumny upon ; — tuhmat nihiidan, To sus-
pect ; to charge with a crime, to lay an
accusation ; — ba-tuhmat andakhtan, To sus-
pect : to accuse (ni.c.) ; ■ — qadri tuhmat
dtirad, This is rather suspicious (m.c).

a tuhmat-dlud, Suspected, slan-

dered.

a &~_> ^i-^+y tuhmaUbasta, Slandered,
calumniated.

a 5Jj ki^*V> tuhmat-zada, Suspected.

a s^i. 6jj^ ts^*.^ tvhmat-karda shuda, Ren-
dered suspected.

a tuhmat-kash, Calumnious,

suspicious; a slanderer ; suspected.

0**V taham-tan, Powerful, mighty, for-
midable ; incomparable; a general, com-
mander; a name of Rustaru, of Bahman ; |
obedience ; the ninth heaven.

a ^i^v' tuhmati, Suspicious ; ignomi- I
nious ; false, calumnious ; calumniator,
slanderer.

^ tahmak, Naked, empty, bare ; dim.
of |*v q.v.

j*V tahmal, Lazy, slothful ; greedy,
voracious ; unfit (set' J*^).

" ii J}*v 5 tiihmura*, <j«j)+\> tahmuras, The 1
third king of Persia of the Peshd.idian j
dynasty; the rational soul of heaven. I

^t*y takm'ir, A hero of Eustam's family, |

) vS* 5

*-~>*v' tahmeshd, Name of a forest,

Uju< 4? tah-mind (also lahi mind), A re-
mainder of wine in a goblet or glass.

tahmlna, Name of the daughter of
the king of Samangan, mother of Suhrab
by Rustam.

JU is tah-nCil, The mounting of the upper
end of a scabbard.

U U.> as tah-nuMn, Inlaid (iron with
gold).

62 tah-niskin, Sitting below ; Bedi-
ment ; — tah-nithmi ehdzh, Sediment of
urine.

Ui & tah-numa, What shows everything
that is on the bottom of it (as a clear
brook) .

a 'f>-tt> tahannu' (v.n. 5 of Being re-

freshed with food, digesting easily.

a tahni-at (v.n. 2 of '^a), Congratu-
lating ; saying " May it do you good ! "
congratulation.

A J^«v lahnid (v.n. 2 of J^J*), Whetting
(a sword) , ascribing to it an Indian origin ;
being deficient ; abusing, calling one
names.

tihu (for p^s q-v.), A bird resembling
a small partridge, a quail; — tuhti, Spittle.

JVj j m ia,h u bald, Above and below, up
and down ; topsy-turvy ; commotion, per-
turbation, restlessness ; alternate pederasty
of two boys.

a tahauwud (v.n, 5 of o^), Beiug
converted to repentance ; embracing Juda-
ism ; good conduct.

a j)V iahauiour (v.n. 5 of _y*), Plunging
inconsiderately into any business ; rash-
ness, temerity, intrepidity, impetuosity,
military ardour ; oppression.

A Zj\> tahauwu' (v.n. 5 of £ye>), Inclina-
tion to vomit, sickness at stomach, nausea.

A uiJjv tahauwuk (v.n. 5 of »s)y&), Being
astonished, stupefied ; falling into diffi-
culties from inattention.

k fips tahwir (v.n. 2 of jy*), Throwing
down, pulling down, prostrating.

A tahivis (v.n. 2 o f <j*j&), Exciting

a keen desire, giving pleasure, cheering up.

A JjjV> tahwil (v.n. 2 of Jy*), Terrifying,
frightening; a hobgoblin.

a tahwin (v.n. 2 of t?y*), Making
light and easy.

^ tahl, tihl, tuhi (comp. Heb. Vfiri)'
Empty void, vacant; [mini tahl, Dry bread ;
— tahl mundan am chize, To be left without,
to be denied, a thing ;] — tihl, Name of a
city.

a uuWv tahiyat (pi. of tahiyat), Prepara-
tions.

f-S iahl'ilkhur, With an empty crib,
left without water and grain.

J^^t} tahi-aijhosh. Deprived of the

embrace of the beloved.

fcfiH tahi-pay, Barefoot ; swift, fleet.

( 340 )

a 3*y tahiyat, Preparation, arrangement.

A g^ 5 ' tahaiyuj (v.n. 5 of g?*), Being
raised (as dust or anger) ; swelling.

f*-^ ici(> taM-chashm, Greedy, covetous ;
blind.

tahi-ddmani, Having an empty
skirt, being portionless (of divine favour).

< - s "*"'- J tahi-dast, Poor ; avaricious.

£^** J ijV'' tahi-dimagh, Empty-headed,
ignorant.

t)*t>V tahidan, To become empty, void,
ert* tihi-dau, Jdle, sauntering about.

a cs'b oV taki-ra'y, Unable to advise.

L^j (jtf raftan, To travel alone ; to
go empty-handed, or without information ;
to lose one's way; to go on a fruitless
errand .

)) <W tahi-rav, Deviating from the road.
iS)) tahi-rwwi, Deviation ; a journey.
, ^ tahi-skikam, Empty-bellied.

tahisha, Name of Farldiin's capital.
5^>M(> tahi-gdh, The hypochondria, the
Blender part of the body under the short
ribs.

>** i_sV tahi-mag&z, Empty-brained.

W^*** tsV tahi-viiydn, Hollow.

^ tahi-ndm, What is an empty
name, whose memory is lost but by name.

A tahaiyu' (v.rj. 5 of %*>), Preparing
for; being prepared.

«aV y ^> tahi u tahak, Empty ; naked .

A £*->^' tahyij (v.n. 2 of 5**), Exciting,
provoking, stimulating ; withering, drying.

o» ti (for L 5i<»), Empty, vacant ; the nettle-
tree (Celtis australis).

tiydtar, Theatre (m.c. from Fr. or E.).

;W» taiydr, taydr (from A. j& ready to
fly, fledged), Ready, prepared; — taiydr
kardan, To make ready, prepare,

a taiydr, A wave, billow, surge ;
pouring forth blood.

ts^W taiydrl, Readiness, preparation.

a j-Lj taydsur (v.n. 6 of ;~i), Being
easy (yasir) ; going or inclining to the left
(yasdr).

a taydmun (v.n. 6 of y-^), Going

or inclining to the right (yamin) ; arriving
in Yaman.

tayan, tiydn, A large cauldron.

s~e» teb, Astonished, confounded ; hasty,
impatient, restless ; (for seb) an apple.

W tibd, Amorous gestures or glances,
blandish ment.B ; (in Zand and Pilzand j a
doe.

(j!>>W tiMsh, Wink, amorous glance ;
deceit.

v~>> teb tess, A fart.

j teb it sfce&, Astonished, con-
founded.

iiiaf, Deceit, flattery,
^^s-j' titdli, Deceitful, insincere ; flattery ;
— Mali kardan, To flatter.

ij> fji ti ti, Gingerbread-figures for the
amusement of children ; a bird's call ;

name given to wives of the kings of Gilan ;
quickly.

e s.» tej, Raw silk ; picked cotton ; the flue
of cotton ; an arrow ; twisted, squeezed.

a yWs 5 tijdn (pi. of tdj), Crowns, diadems.
tekh, Anything sharp, pointed.
iikh&l, = JU-'j q.v.

&\y<l> addle, A Jew.

tlddki, Jewish, Hebrew.

jt? tlr (prob. from Z. tistrya), Name of
the fourth solar month of the Persians
when the sun is in Cancer; the 13th
day of every month ; the angel who is
guardian of the cattle and presides over
the said month and day ; the plauet Mer-
cury ; pomp, grandeur; power, strength;
security ; the best of its kind ; anything
equal to another in bulk or quality ; (S.
tiro) an arrow, either for shooting or cast-
ing lots ; portion, lot; a straight piece of
wood or beam, as the mast of a ship, the
main beam of a house, the lever of an oil-
press, a scale-beam, a rolling-pin, a mea-
suring yard, an implement by which cotton
is squeezed from the pods; thread; hair;
a bullet, musket or cannon-ball ; thunder
and lightning ; a storm, tempest ; anger ;
a kind of serpent ; the incipient fruit of
the palm-tree ; the narcissus ; hem or
border of a shirt or other garment; auy
kind of flounce tacked to robes, &c. ; fine
linen, cambric, lawn ; a certain bird re-
sembling a pea-hen ; a desert, plain ; nar-
row, confined ; turbid, dark ;—tiri dtish-bdzl,
A rocket ; — tiri dsmdni, A shooting star ; —
ilr afgandan, To revile, to abuse ; — tiri arnan
dddan, To give an arrow of security, i.e.
an arrow inscribed with the king's name,
handed by him to a surrendering enemy ;
— tir anddkhtan, To shoot with bow and
arrow ; a game with arrows ; — tiri bdnuyi
charkh, The planet Mercury ; bolt (of a
cross-bow) ; — tir ba-tarihddn anddkhtan, tir
ba-tariki afgandan (zadan), To imagine
something that has no reality ; — tiri badakh-
than, A two-headed arrow ; an excellent
arrow ; — tir burdan, To shoot an arrow ; —
tiri bundiiq, A musket-ball ; — tiri ■partdbi,
An arrow that reaches the remotest aim ; —
tiri tutmdj, A rolling-pin ; — tiri takhsh, A
meteor ; a rocket ; — tiri ta^allum, The
groans of the oppressed ; — tiri tez-par, A
swift arrow ; — -tiri timaj, A straight piece
of wood, a rolling-pin ; — tiri charkh, A
rocket or shell ; the planet Mercury ; — tiri
chahdr-parj A four- winged arrow ; — tiri
hukmi, An arrow that never misses ; —
tiri k&dki, A light, small-headed arrow ; —
tiri khdna, The main beam of a house ; — tiri
khadang, An arrow made of the wood of
the white poplar-tree ; — tir du-kamdn shud,
The arrow has hit in the rebound \—tiri
dii-kamdna, A rebounding arrow ; — tiri
r&yi tarkash, Anything ready made or

V (

prepared ; — tiri sahar, Daybreak ; a sigh ; a
curse, imprecation ; — tiri sag}', The main
beam in the roof; — tiri shihdb, A shooting
star j — tiri falak, The planet Mercury ; —
tiri qur'a, Arrow for drawing lots; — tiri
kdkul-rubd, An arrow that carries off a
lock of hair (to denote the skill of a bow-
man) ; — tiri kishti, The mast or rudder of a
ship \—tiri gar dun, The sun ; Mercury ;
providential dispensations ; — tiri langar-
ddr, A heavy (and hence powerful) arrow ;
— tiri ma ba-sang Tthwurd, Our arrow has
hit a stone, we have failed (m.c.) ; — tiri
mihnat, The arrow of affliction ; — tiri nam,
An arrow inscribed with the archer's name ;
— tiri nan, A baker's rolling-pin ; — tiri
nwwuk, An arrow discharged through a
tube ; — tir u kamdni hind, An arrow and
bow painted with henna on the palms of
children ; — tiri hawd'i, A rocket ; — tiri yak-
dast, A handful of arrows thrown at once.

^ p> tir-abr, A black cloud.

typ? tirdahi, The rainbow.

tirast, (in Pehlevi) Three hun-
dred.

j# tir-anddz, An archer.

csj^ ft? tir-anddzi, Archery; drawing
lots by arrows.

j)} j*> tir-dwar, A rogue, a cheat.

*!/s> tirdh. Name of a certain bird with
beautiful plumage.

(iV* j** tir-bdrdn, A shower of arrows ; a
punishment in which the culprit is shot
with arrows ; — tir-bdrdni sahar, A sigh,
groan ; — tir-bdrdn kardan, To let fly a
shower of arrows.

Ur-band, A girdle with a pocket in
it, worn by couriers, and with little bells
hung to it.

*r*^fi j& tir-partdb, Bow-shot distance.

* J j/" r>» tir-khwurda, Hit by an arrow ;
hit by a ball (m.c.).

tir-ddn, A quiver.

y*J tir-raa, Bow-shot distance.

t); x>> tir-zan, Shooting arrows ; an archer.
iir-sdz, An arrow-maker.

us— V*> tirist, Three hundred.

>*!;*> tirak (dim. of tTr),A small arrow; the
bubbles of a boiling pot ; steam ; a throb-
bing pain ; — tirak zadan, To cast up bubbles
(a boiling pot) ; to bleed (a wound).

Cjtf yi> tir-kdri, The piercing of the body
by an arrow.

ij^ tir-kash, A quiver ; an embrasure.

tf^JJ Urgdn, The 13th day of the
month Tir, which the ancient Persians used
to celebrate in commemoration of peace
established between Minuchihr and Afriis-
yab.

ftf tirgar, An nrrow-maker.
,jrV tirgari, Arrow -making.

iiragi, Darkness, obscurity ; black-
ishuess ; gloom.

tayar-ligdm, The throat-piece of

341 ) y

the bridle ; a ring suspended from a horse's
neck (see ^V53 8^5).

pit? tlram, tirum, A great lady, matron.

j\» j*> tir-mdr, A viper ; viper's teeth.

»U tir-mdh, The first summer month.

u*^ j<J tir-mdhi, Summer ; autumnal j
a sort of grape ; a carrot; a kind of medi-
cine.

jj&Uj }i s tir-nishdngi, A place for mili-
tary exercise.

u ^ Ai )<? tlr-nishdna, A butt for archers.

O^/*' tirwdn (for tirddn), A quiver.

Jjy*i' tirol, Tyrol (m.c).

*p5 tira, Obscure, dark ; turbid, muddy ;
sad, sorrowful ;• — tira shudan, To be dark j
to become muddy or turbid ; to be indig-
nant, angry ; to be afflicted, distressed ; to
lose their lustre (stars) ; — tira kardan, To
distress, disturb, afflict ; to darken.

a ijLk ijsS tira-bdtin, Malignant, perverse.

a Sy*s tira-bakkt, Whose fortune is
obscured.

a Jl=- By** tira-hdl, In evil plight.

j<? tira-chihra, With countenance
overclouded.

of! la. tira-khdk, <^J^ s ; „J tira-kjidkddn,
The world.

Jji Sji? tira-khirad, With a clouded mind ;
ignorant ; dense of intellect.

Hj^ tira-dast, Black-handed ; world.

Jo s ; „s tira-dil, Ignorant, dark, stolid j
malignant, perverse.

a ip? ilra-rdy, Ill-advised ; sinistrous.
ijs» tira-rang, Muddy-coloured ; a
bay horse

tira-rawdn, = J>* ^ q.v.
h) W tira-roz, jVJjjj ljs> tira-rozgdr, Unfor-
tunate.

<^i) iira-ruy, With a clouded face.

5^-> tirasaranjdm, Unfortunate,

unlucky.

a p+A ipj tira-zamir, Cloudy -minded.
a J-K Ura-kdmil, The moon.

^ tira-kuz, A bolting sieve,
a ijs> Ura-kaukab, Whose star is

obscured.

i } J tira-gil, Muddy (water) ; feculent,
dreggy (wine).

yyf «j C » tira-gun, Muddy, turbid.
_)*-• ij<3 tira-maghz, Stupid, stolid.
fl£! ijJ tira-ligdm, A part of the bridle,
the throat-piece ; a ring suspended from a
horse's neck.
j\j Sj_; tira-ivdr. Dusky, brownish (m.c).

^3 tiriyi-rdst, A note in music
(probably an erroneous reading for
\j q.v.).

■fiyv terez, Gore of a shift ; a bird's wing.
tez (from S. root tij), Sharp, cutting,
acute, pointed ; bold, impetuous, vehement ;
swift, prompt ; tart, acrid; [tez shudan, To
I be sharp ; to be stimulated ; to be inflamed
with rage ; — tez kardan, To sharpen, to give
i an edge ; to animate to battle ; — tez kardani

( 342 )

danddn, To sharpen the teeth, to have a
longing desire for tez gardldan, To fly in
a rage;] — tiz, A fart; — tiz dadan, To let a
fart; to express contempt for, to break
wind at ; — tizi mnsht-afshar, A contemptuous
noise produced by striking the inflated
cheeks with the fist (gee

w\ y£ tez-ab, Aquafortis; — tez-dbi arg&a-
wdni, Aqua regia (m.c).

JW>«> tez-bal, Swift-winged.

a r°* tez-basar, Sharp-sighted.
y»> iez-bin, Sharp-sighted.

J^y^> tez-bind'i, Sharp-sighted.
tez-pd, Swift-footed.

)> y? tez-par, Swift of wing.

<-5jV^i tez-parwdzi, Swiftness of flight.

j\s y#> tez-tdz, Swift (courser), rapid.

} \>^3 tez-tdv, Of a fiery temper, fierce.

tS^' )is* tez-tdy, Keen edge of a sword
(prob. misreading for 1- v 0-

*A> y*> tez-talc, Mettled, fleet.

s-^-j tiz-teb, A fart.

tez-jalav, Sharp of bridle; a quiclc
rider ; a fleet horse.

tez-chaehm, Quick-sighted.
ytf ten-chang. Sharp of claw ; quick of
hand; brave.

js» tez-changi, Tightness of grasp,
sharpness of claw.

o^^** tlz-ddn, The buttocks, seat, podex.

y**~Jy<3 tez-dad, Clever-handed ; strong.

cj*-" 1 .)*' iez'dasti, Manual dexterity.

J*> >y tez-dil, Bold of heart.

I»J >>> tez-dam, With a fiery breath,
ardent.

yl^jj tei-danddn, Sharp of tooth ;
(met.) greedy, covetous.

a izJjjpJ tez-daulat, Of swiftly vanishing
fortune.

y& tet-dahdn, Glib of speech.

)) v** tez-rav, jUij y*j tez-raftdr, Swift-
paced, rapid.

tez-mbdn, Glib-tongued, eloquent.

u!^— a. tez-ehast, A ready archer or bow-
man.

a tess-shauq, Ardent in one's desires.

a <^y<*> tee-shahwat, Hot, lascivious,
lustful.

a g*l> tez-tab', Of an acute genius.

a j-J tez-tab', and —

a ^jr iez-tabi'at, Impatient, choleric.

a tyt ya> tez-'azm, Quickly resolved, of
ready determination.

a ye' tez-fahm, and —

a jifc)** tez-'aql, Of quick understanding.

a fJi js* tez-qalam, A swift writer, a ready
penman.

fega£, Somewhat sharp; water-
cresses ; — tizak, A subdued fart, a contemp-
tuous noise with the mouth ; — tizak da-dan,
To make Buch a noise.

; IS tez-kdr, Active ; immediately.

f\s yJ tez-lcdm, One who quickly obtains
the object of desire.

6^

yc* tez-hin, Irascible, quick to fly iuto
a passion, or to take revenge.

(•^ y*> tez-gdm. Swift of foot ; a fleet
horse.

tez-gird, "Whirling round and con-
suming (fire).

^-iJ" y? tez-gasht, Swiftly revolving.

•J*£ y? tez-gosh, Sharp of hearing.

a s^y yt? tee-mizu/j, Hot, choleric.

>*<♦ y<j tez-magAz, Hasty, touchy, peevish.

l»^*> tez-nd, The prominent part of the
edge of a sword, which does the work ; a
horse's gambrel.

y.iU tez-ndkhun, Sharp-clawed, rapa-
cious.

^> y-s> tez-ndy, Edge of a sword or
hatchet.

ji) y* tez-wlr, Acute, quick, ingenious;
very sharp.

j-> tez-hash, Quick of motion ; — tez-
hush (for the following), Sharp, intelligent.

O^y* >i» tez-hosh, Sharp, intelligent.

^jji? tezi, Sharpness ; pungency ; ardour,
impetuosity ; tip, point; an Arab speaking
Persian ; an Arabian steed ; ginger ; — tezi'i
Mm, The tip of the nose ; — tezi'i darydft,
Sharpness of apprehension.

jjiA? ^yJ tezi-bakharz (tezi'i bdkharz), A
note in music.

a MyJ tezidan, To make haste ; to be
angry ; — tizidan, To break wind.

^jjjj tezi-rdst (tezi'i rdst), !Name of a
musical mode.

j-j Uzh, The green sward of a sown field ;
a declivity ; rumbling of the belly, break-
ing wind.

*j*> tizh, A beam, joist ; a piece, a half
(this meaning unsupported by examples) ;
an exhalation (in Arabic called sardi) made
by the sun in the deserts, resembling a
sea.

a tais, A he- goat (especially one

old and rank) ; a buck ; a stag.

A j— -» tayasmr (v.n. 5 of Being
easy, happily despatched (business),

aL-Jf tisa, A certain bird like a pigeon.

a taisir (v.n. 2 of Eendering

easy, facilitating; favouring, assisting;
teeming, being prolific, and yielding much
milk (flocks) ; going to the left.

a-i~o tesha, A hatchet, axe, adze ; a mat-
tock, pick ; a halbert, battle-axe ; — tisha bar
pax khwud zadan, To mar one's own work ;
— tisha ba tuyi khwud zadan, To grasp, to be
greedy; — tisha' i farhdd tez kardan,Ho fall
in love.

i-J^J tesha-zani bistitn, The
delver out of mount Bistun (Farhad).
jVS* tesha-kdr, A ditcher, delver.

tegh, A sword, scimitar, ghive, fal-
chion ; a knife ; a razor ; a lancet ; an awl ;
point of a spear ; a ray of the sun ; a moon-
beam ; peak of a mountain; anything erect
and lofty; ridge of a house ; bridge of the

( 343 )

nose; lightning; brightness; heat; flame;
wavy appearance on a sword-blade ; a long
suspended implement for winnowing corn ;
name of a plant; — teghi db-ddr, A sword
with a Damascus blade ; — teghi dtish-bdr, A
flaming sword ; — teghi dsmdn-zan, The
planet Mars; the sun; daybreak; — teghi
aftab, The sun's rays ; — teghi a/rdsiydb
(bahrdm), The reflection of the sun's rays
from a Teasel of crystal; — teghi almas-gun,
A sword shining like a diamond ; — tegh bald
burdan, (buland kardan), To lift the sword
in order to strike ; — tenh ba-kh.dk kardan,
To cease hostilities ;-~tegh bar-dwardan, To
brandish a sword ; — tegh ba-kfawesh n'ihd-
dan, To take upon oneself a hateful busi-
ness ; — teghi bljdda-gun. Blood-stained
sword ; — teghi-bed, A willow-leaf (on ac-
count of its shape); — teghi bi diregk, A re-
morseless scimitar ; — teghi &&am, A curved
sword, a scimitar; — teghi Jchoihai jaw,
Beard or awn of an ear of barley ; — teghi
ihwurthed, A sunbeam ; sunrise ; — teghi du-
daiti, A sword two cubits long or to be
wielded with both hands ; giving or taking
a large quantity ; hard fighting ;—iegh? du-
dam (du-ruy), A double-edged Bword ; —
tegh tadan, To strike with a sword ; — te gh i
tabz, A polished sword (of bluish hue)
teghi sitam, The sword of oppression ; —
teghi eahar (subh), Break of day ; morning
prayer; a sigh of grief; — tegki suzan-
barddr (suzan-rubuda), A sword fit to pick
up with it a needle (said in praise of the
sharpness of its edge) ; — tegh shudan, To
be opposite, or face to face ; — teghi 'usma-
niydn, The Ottoman aword ; — tegh fman
kardan (bar fasdn zadan, ba-fasdn kaghidan,
To sharpen a sword ; — teghi fassad, The
lancet of a phlebotomist ; — tegh kasludani
bini, To be straight and high (nose) ; — tegh
kandan, To draw the sword ; — -teghi koh,
The peak of a mountain; — teghi goshtin
(sword of flesh), The tongue; — teghi mih-
rabi, A sword curved (like the arch of a
prayer-niche) ; — teghi muhannad, A sword
made of Indian steel ; — teghi mindrang, A
polished sword (on account of its bluish
hue) teghi nutq, An eloquent tongue; —
tegh v, turunj ba-miyan awardan, To put to
the test, to examine, to investigate (in
allusion to the Egyptian women who cut
1heir hands instead of their oranges at the
Bight of Joseph's beauty) ; — teghi hindu-
wani (hindustdni, hinduwi, hinduwi-gauhar,
hindl), A sword made in India or of Indian
steel.

fr* tegh-afroz, Polishing swords ; a
sword-cutler.

tegk-afthan, Brandishing a

sword.

tighdl, The la.il- of a wild beast ; a
nest; honey-dew found on certain trees ; a
kind of manna,

^jl> £j tegh-bdzi, The playing of swords ;
a sword-dance (m.c).

jljjj tegh-barddr, A sword-bearer.

Jki? £*» tegk-band (sword-girding), Esquire.

j^j £,j tegh-ddr, A sword-bearer; bril-
liant.

O) fc> tegk-zan, A swordsmau ; name of
the 13th day of the month according to
the era of Yazdagird ; — tegk-zani dsman,
Sunrise ; the sun. ; the planet Mars.
*f tegh-sar, A naked rock.
tegh-kash, A swordsman.
a**? tegha, Blade of a sword or knife.
jV> tegha-bdz, A sword-player ; a brave
warrior,

Uf, Rubbish of sticks or thorns (in
the dialect of Gllau).

g$ <_d;J tif-ganj, j^S\i^ tifdganj, Name of
a note in music.

a ta'iq, Hasty, passionate (opp. to
ma'iq).

A, y,o tayaqquz (v.n. 5 of ^k), Being
awakened ; vigilance.

a tayaqqun (v.n. 5 of y^), Know-
ing foi- certaiu, prying.

j^ie? tikoz, tigon. Sour milk dried.

J?i til (S. tila), A speck, spot, mole.

iU» taild, A speckled beetle ; — tild, A
reel around which yarn is wound.

^UL* iilmachl, An interpreter; who ac-
complishes any work, skilful.

jlj tllurn-bdr (vulg. for jW>> q.v.), A
silk- worm nursery.

a t>V"* ^ til-mizan, A king's or great
man's weight in money or provisions given
away in charity.

W^' tlliyd, A precious mineral (unsup-
ported by examples).

csW-y tilik, A garment with short sleeves.

,»*> Urn,, A large caravansera ; a market-
place ; sorrow, grief.

a |**> taim, A servant ; name of a tribe.

A fU-S taimd', P. W-J timd, A desert.

gW? timdj, Butt for arrows ; goat's lea-
ther.

jUi> tlmdr, Sorrow, grief ; care, attend-
ance on the sick ; sympathy ; defence, cus-
tody ; thought, meditation ; consideration,
attention ; a military pension ; — tlmdr
ddshtan, To attend, manage ; — tlmdr kar-
dan, To attend ; to curry or groom (a
horse).

4iU. _)U^J timdr-khdna, A hospital.
j\j timdr-ddr, A manager of pro-

perty : caretaker.

^Wj^i tlmar-ddrl, Attendance, care of.

horses.

jU** tlmar-ddsht, Grooming of

,jS jU^i tlmdr-kash, Afflicted ; ill, sick.

t>j{+*> tlmdra, Thought, care ; sympathy.

cr"W timds, A grove, forest, wild, uncul-
tivated country ; a brake ; a reed-bed.

timdv, Stupidity; stolidity, inac-
tivity of the reasoning powers,

( 344 )

*y * t' tlmcha, A small caravansera (dim.
of jit? q-v.)-

j*e> taimiiz (in the Tartar dialect), Iron
(see jj***).

jL^jj temsdr, jU..«.,j>' tcmshdr, Honour,
worship, majesty (a honorific title of God,
prophets, and great men, corresponding to
A. «^),

a tayammum (v.n. 5 of jJi), Perform-
ing the Wuzu with sand instead of water,
when the latter cannot be got ; — tayam-
mum dddan (kardan), To perform the
W'uzu in the said manner.

A (j**? tayammun (v.n. 5 of Rela-
ting, belonging to Yaroan or Arabia Felix ;
being blessed or fortunate ; success ; in-
voking a blessing ; benediction.

csJU-fc-? tlmndk, Condoling ; assisting.

t jj**? timur, Iron ; a proper name ; —
timur lang, Timiir the lame, the famous
Tamerlane.

timur, *>))+~2 timura, A stone pro-
duced in the belly of certain animals and
used as a kind of antidote.

taimuz (in Tartar), Iron.

<&j*z> timuk. Austerity, sternness.
tin (in Zand and Pazand), A fig,

a e* 5 tin, A fig ; — tini ahmar, The wild
%.

W» taind, Amorous blandishments ; — tind
(in Zand and Pazand), Clay.

tindb (equiv. to v^), A vision ; a

dream.

u^y.-? txnus (=r t$*f- 1- v 0' ^- nea P ! a
heap of corn ; the produce of the harvest.

&~>>' Una, Spittle ; a spider's web.

j& lev, Strength, power ; that is to say ;
brave, warlike ; intelligent, wise.

W' taiwd, Amorous blandishments.
tiwde, Unjust, unlawful gain.

^jjJ tiwdy, A plunging inconsiderately
into.

jyS iayur, A bird resembling a pea-hen,
liye? tivrak, Envy, jealousy.
J^-jfti' tlvsiil, Joy at another's misfor-
tune.

JjflV tiyul, Landed property ; fiefs (m.c).
a tiyulat (pi. of the preceding),

Fiefs.

a i.J tih, A desert ; a deserted country ;
pride, haughtiness, vain boasting.
tihd, cAv*> tihan, A beetle-
a "^pH-' taihd', A desert land.

tlhu, A bird smaller (han a par-
tridge, a quail ; a diteh, a hole full of
stagnant water ; tame, meek ; empty.

vi> s, The fourth letter of the Arabic-
Persian alphabet, called sd'i musallasa,
trebly dotted, or sd'i sakhiz, in which latter

word, according to the Abjad notation, it
expresses 500.

ptf sd\ Name of the letter >±>.

a w°\2 sd'b (v.n.), Yawning, gaping;—
sa'ab, Name of a tree.

a sdbit (ag. of u^-j), Firm, fixed,

stable, constant, immovable, invariable;
proved, confirmed, certain ; sound, valid,
substantia!; true, right, just, proper;—
s/Xbd liardan, To confirm, establish, render
durable ; to prove (by witnesses).

a c^jl* sdbit-qadam, Steady ; resolute.

a u^tf sdbit- qadaml, Firmness.

a sa'ad, sa'd, Dew ; cold.

A sa'dd', A servant-maid ; a foolish
girl; — ibn sa'dd' (so,' add'), Weak, impotent.

A Sjtf sa'ddai, Fatness.

a SjHj sa'dat, Fleshy (woman).

a j.^? sddiq, Flowing, fluent, fluid; rain-
ing (cloud) ; name of a horse.

a/U' gar, sdr (v.u.), Taking revenge, re-
taliating, killing one for the murder of
another; blood; homicide; — akhzi sa'r
kardan, To take revenge.

sy sdjled, Gum of mountain-rue

(see W~A»).

a sdqib, Penetrating, hence shining
brightly, glittering; brilliant, splendid;
famous, sublime ; high.

a J*^j sdijril, Heavy, of a proper weight
(money),

a JA> gdhil, Deprived of a friend ; be-
reaved.

a eJli sdlis, Third; an arbitrator, um-
pire ; — salifiu said-satin, Third of three, a
person of the Holy Trinity ; — sdlis kardan,
To arbitrate.

a 'Wtf sdlisan, In the third place.

a AsJtf sdlisat (fern.), Third; an arbitress,
mediatrix.

a iJj'HS' li-JV? sdlis-saldsa, One who pro-
fesses the doctrine of the Holy Trinity, a
Christian.

a <uU vi-Jtf sdlis-nd-ma, A deed of award.

a ojiltf salisuna, Thirty ; the thirtieth.

^yfhi' salisi, Arbitration, mediation.

o (j^aJU' sulasqls, Seed of wild rue.

a «A>yi> stilus. A Trinity in the Godhead ;
— salmi aqdas, The most Holy Trinity.

a J-W sa'alil (pi. of su'lul), Warts;—
sa'dlili 'asabi, Neuroma ; — sa'dlili lisdn,
Lingual papillse.

a ytf s&mir, (A tree) bearing fruit.

A ttf^ samiii, sdrnina, The eighth.

a sdni, Who or what turns or bends;
second; — sdni asnain, The second of two,
i.e. one equal to the other, an equal ; — sdni
'l-hdl, Henceforward ; in future ; a second
or another time ; secondly.

a sdniyan, Secondly, in the second
place.

a iLstf sdniyat, sdniya, Second (fem.) ; a
second, a moment.

( 345 )

J*

a Sf«W sa't'6, Wind blowing fresh before
or at the beginning of rain.

Ajft> sa'ir. Malevolent, vindictive.

a ui>W» sabat (v.n. of Being firm ;

permanency, durability, firmness, stability,
fixity, immobility ; perseverance, constancy;
resolution, determination ; soundness, va-
lidity ; — sabdti pay (qadam) kardan, To
keep one's footing, remain constant ; — sabdti
ray, Perseverance ; — sabat warzidan, To
persevere.

A subat, A crowd, troop, body.

a o~*> sabt. Firm, resolute; — sabt kardan,
To fix ; to inscribe, to, enter (in a book) ; —
sabat, Steadfastness ; argument, proof ; a
trusty man.

a ftS sdbr (v.n. of j*>), Checking, restrain-
ing; driving away.

a sabt (v.n.), Hindering (from busi-
ness).

a subnat, A bag, basket, or skirt of a
garment in which they gather dates.

a vi>f*2 subat (v.n. of Being firm ;

permanence ; constancy, firmness ; proof, tes-
timony, conviction ; — subiiU badihi (bddiyu
'n-nazar), Prima facie evidence ; — subftti
waslyat-ndma, Probate of will ; — ba-subut
rasidan, To be or become proved.

a subur (v.n. of ^-*), Ruining, destroy-
ing ; ruin, perdition.

A 5* $ a jj Pouring out; flowing

plentifully.

a eW* sujjdj, Rain falling in torrents.

A sajm, sajam (v.n.), Inverting,

transposing.

A y** sijchan, sakhan (v.n.), Being hard
and thick; thickness; density.

A mkhunal, Hardness and thickness.

A y^fc* sakhln, Thick, hard, strong.

a ^ sady, sidy, The breast (in man and
woman).

a»W» sady a', Large-bosomed (woman).
a y sarr (v,n.), Separating, scattering,
dispersing.

A «\f sard' (v.n.), Becoming numerous
(people), abundant (riches) ; possessing
much wealth, being rich.

A vj» sarb (v.n.), Blaming, reproaching
loudly, upbraiding ; taking off (a sick
person's) clothes ; the thin caul of fat cover-
ing the intestines of animals, the omen-
turn.

A 8/ sarrat, A woman who pours forth a
torrent of words.

A ^if sarsdr, Name of a river in Mesopo-
tamia, between Sinjar and Takrit.

a sard (v.n.), Crumbling (bread) ;
slight rain ; name of a herb ; — sarad, A
fissure, crack in the lips.

a l»j> sart, Shoemaker's glue.

a ftf sarm (v.n.), Knocking out a tooth ;
— saram (v.n.), Having a tooth knocked
out ; name of a mountain.

A ^5/ sarwd', Wealthy (fern.).

a Sy> sarwat, Number, multitude; wealth,
affluence ; power, influence, authority.

A Js/ sard (v.n.), Being moist (the
ground); moisture; dust, earth.

a suraiyd, The Pleiades (the third
lunar mansion); a brilliant gem; (met.)
well-set teeth ; name of a woman.

a suraiyd-maqdm, y^* ^jW suraiyd-

makdn, Exalted as the Pleiades.

a a^/ sarydn, Wet, moist ; — sarayani
(dual of sard), The moisture of rain, and
the moisture already within the earth.

a Ay sarld, saridat, Crumbled,

grated, or sliced bread for putting into
milk or broth, and under meat ; — sar'id kar-
dan, To steep bread iu wine.

a (j*t^» sa'dbtn (pi. of su'bdn), Long
bulky serpents.

a s-JU> sa'dtib (pi. of sa'iab), Foxes.

a. £S^*i su'&lat, A name for a fox (as Rey-
nard).

a <r**S sab (v.n.), Settiug a-running; —
sa'ab, A river-bed ; a channel.

a su'bdn, A large male serpent, a

dragon, cockatrice, basilisk.

a s-l*' sa'iab, A fox ; — sa'labi misn, Sa-
lep ; the root of Orchis mascula (considered
to be a strong reslorative and aphrodisiac).

a sugh, An idol.

a saghdrir, A small melon, beauti-
fully streaked with red and yellow, and, on
account of its fragrance, carried in the
hand like a nosegay.

a (^*> sagham, A certain mountain-plant
resembling the anise.

a s-*> saijhb (v.n.), Piercing, stabbing
with a lance; slaughtering; — sagAab (v.n.),
The melting of ice; a spring or pond
of cold water in a shady part of a moun-
tain.

A j*$ sag^r (v.n.), Notching ; making a
breach ; breaking (auyone's front teeth) ;
closing (a breach) ; — satjhr, sayhar, suyhr,
The teeth ; the front teeth ; a narrow pass
between hills, bordering on a hostile coun-
try ; a breach in the walls of a town ; a
fissure ; a gap.

a v.r*' si gh rab, Yellowish teeth ; small
teeth.

a iyu sugkrat, The pit of the stomach or
the throat (the place where they slaughter
camels) ; a tract of country; a plain, level
way.

a jj*> sugkur (pi. of saghar), Passes,
straits, frontiers ; front teeth.

a ijij^ safdriq (pi. of safruq), Stalks of
dates, <fcc.

a J^*> safdl, Slow-paced (camel) ; — sifdl,
A water-pot with a spout ; —sufdl, The lower
mill-stone.

a safar, A horse's crupper.

A &ytf safraqat, The not turning sour (of
milk).

a j^jtf safruk, The stalk of a date, or the

( 346 )

hollow place of the fruit to which it is
joined.

A J*> suit, Dregs, sediment, caput mor-
tuura ; corn ; pulse ; — safil, One who eats
corn, pulse, or sediment.

a J*» sufl-ddn, A spittoon.

A. SjJu safinat, The callous part of a camel,
upon which he reclines, viz. the breast,
knees, and corresponding joints in the hind-
legs (hence, ru 's-safinat is metaphorically
applied to one whose breasts, hands, and
knees are become callous, from his zealous
mode of performing his prostrations at
prayer, and particularly to the Imam
Zainu'l-'fibidin).

a (J» siq (imp. of «J^) f Trust thou.

x vrAsf siqab. Chips, straw, stubble, fuel.

a saqdbat(v.ti.ol s- J! »), Being kindled ;
burning (a fire).

a <^>0i> siqat (pi. of siqat), Trusty friends,
confidants ; the companions (of Muham-
mad).

a saqdfat (v.n. of Being quiet,
acute, intelligent.

a Jla» s.aqdl, Large-hipped (woman);
quiet, modest, retiring ; slow (camel).

a saqalat (v.n. of J£), Being heavy ;
heaviness, weight ; heavy load ; indigestion ;
— bd saqd lot, Gravely ; morosely, unwillingly,
importunately.

a s-Jtf saqb (v.n.), Perforating; a hole,
perforation (hence saqb kardan, To bore a
hole) ; — suqub (pi. of the following), Holes.

a M» suqbat, suqba, A hole j foramen (in
a medical sense), as suqba'i baisl-thdkl,
Elliptical foramen of the ear ; — suqba'i mu-
dauwar, Bound foramen of the ear.

a &> siqat (v.n. of i3>j), Trusting, con-
fiding, relying upon ; confidence ; trusty,
worthy of confidence ; a trusty friend, one
to bs relied on.

a saqafi, Of the tribe of saqif.

a Ja» saql (v.n.), Ascertaining the weight
of anything; preponderating; — siql, A bur-
den, load, weight ; gravity, ponderousness ;
indigestion; a dead body; sin; [siqlis&mi'a,
Dulnese of hearing ; — siqli sard, Sporadic
cholera;] — saqal, The chattels or luggage
of travellers; retinue; anything precious,
worth keeping ; — as-saqalan, Men and
demons.

a "Xs> suqald', Men shunned by society,
bores.

a try> saqub, Holes, perforations.

a <-M> saqif, Sour; acute, intelligent
(man) ; name of the father of a tribe ; —
siqqij, Very acid ; very intelligent or acute
(intensive of the preceding).

A J«*> saqil, Heavy, ponderous, weighty ;
onerous, burdensome ; indigestible ; morose,
saturnine, phlegmatic ; lazy, dull, inactive ;
a bore ; oppressed with indigestion, sleep,
disease, or guilt ; name of a Greek prince ; —

— qauli saqil, A hard saying ; — yaumi saqil,
A heavv day ; the day of judgment.

A J*> sukl, sakal. Bereavement ; death ;
loss of a friend or child.

A sakldn, Bereaved, deprived.

A Js 1 ^ sakla, Bereaved (woman).

a ^ sakm (v.n.), Following footsteps;
persisting, persevering ; stopping, remain-
ing, dwelling; — sakam, The middle of the
road.

A J> sail (v.n.), Pouring (earth into a
well) ; pouring out (money) ; subverting a
throne ; destroying life (God) ; voiding
excrement (a quadruped).

A <£>)tf salds, Three (females) ; — gulag,
Three and three ; in or by threes.

a «W saldsd, Third day, Tuesday.

a saldsat, Three (males) ;—mldsa'i
yfeusaXa, Three cups of wine taken on an
empty stomach, for purging out corrupt
humours.

d tS^m saldsu mi'at, mi'a, Three hun-
dred.

a <jy^» saldsun, ys*^ saldsin, Thirty.

a (j>X» suldsi, A triliteral Arabic root ;
three-lettered ; triple ; three-sided, tri-
angular.

a salldj, A seller of snow and ice.

a s-l» sedb (v.n.), Reproaching ; injuring;
overturning ; breaking, knapping ; — silh,
An old toothless camel ; an old man ; a
defect, blemish, vice ; — salab (v.n.), A
griping (of the belly) ; filth ; — salib, A
spear broken at the extremity.

A silbat, Toothless and rat-tailed (she-
camel) ; — silaiat (pi. of silb), "Worn-out
camels ; old men.

a sallat, Wool mixed with goats' or
camels' hair ; mud thrown out of » well ; —
sullat, A crowd of people.

sals, (v.n.), Taking a third or three
parts; becoming a third ; making thvee;—
guls, swlus, A third ; a large Nashkhl hand-
writing.

a U^i sulustin, Two-thirds.

a 4jAf sulusi, Name of a hand-writing or
engrossing used in diplomas or letters
patent.

a gt> salj (v.n.), Snowing; snow; [salji
chini, China snow, a soft white stone used
as a collyrium ;] — salaj (v.n.), Being cheer-
ful and quiet.

a gl» sal', £l» salg& (v.n.), Breaking the
head.

a Jl» salal (v.n. of Jf), Perishing ; destroy-
ing ; falling of the teetb,

a flu salm (v.n.), Breaking, notching,
nicking the edge (of a sword) ; — salam
(v.n.), Being notched or broken ; the
broken banks of a river.

a sulmat, A crack, notch, indent.

a ejtf (v.n. of gtf), Being quiet,

cheerful ; Bnowing.

a f samm (v.n.), Adjusting, adapting;

( 347 )

collecting gumma, And, then, therefore,
after, since.

a JU* simdl, An assistant, a clever mana-
ger of affairs ; froths ; — sum&l, Deadly
poison.

A sumdlat, simdla, Froth.

a l»W sumdm, A kind of plant used for
the covering of houses; — 'aid tarafi 'jS-sm-
mum, On the tip of the sumdm (spoken of
anything within easy reach).

a samdni, Eight (women).

A &e>lw samdniyat, Eight (males).

a iy*>* ^Ui samdni 'ashrata, Eighteen.

a th^W samdnln, Eighty ; the city of
Noah (because, when he built it on leaving
the Ark, he had eighty companions) ; — dd'u
's-samanln, The disease of eighty summers
(" uncommonly hard to cure," according to
the Persian poet).

a (j^U* samdninl, Of the city of Saiiiamn.

a a*S samd, samad, A small quantity of
water.

samar, samarat, samara, Fruit j
profit, advantage ; result, product ; reward ;
various kinds of wealth, gold, silver ; off-
spring; [samari kdj, The cone of a fir-
tree ;] — samir, Great quantities of fruits
or goods.

a (ji*. j*S samar-bakhsh, Fruit-yielding.
a j^° )*' samar-ddr, Fruit- bearing, fruit-
ful.

a J** samal (v.n.), Getting drunk,
drunkenness ; staying at a place ; delay-
ing, putting off, procrastinating.

a samn (v.n.), Taking the eighth
part ; making up the number eight ;
valuing, putting a price to ; — saman, Price ;
— simn, An eight days' thirst of a camel ;
— sumii, sitmun, An eighth, the eighth
part.

a Jyw samud, Name of an old Arabian
tribe, destroyed on account of their dis-
obedience to the prophet Salih.

Ays** samir, samirat, Butter swim-
ming in the milk, or sticking to the sides
of the churn, butter-milk.

a samin, Valuable, precious ; an

eighth part ; — durri samin, A precious
pearl.

a *U» sana', Salutation, congratulation ; a
wishing joy, a returning of thanks ; praise,
enlogium, commendation, applause ; [sand'
kardan, To congratulate, pray for;] — sina',
A fetter to tie up the leg of a camel ; the
court or quadrangle of a house.

A "Isj *u» sund' sund', Two and two.

a sand-khwdn. An orator, one who

praises or pronounces eulogium.

a ^J\jA- ^> sand-kkwdm, Returning of
thanks; eulogvum.

o ^ sand-kdr, An encomiast.

a \ii satw-kdri, An oration, prayer.

a ^ ^* sand-gar, A eulogist.

a ts/^ sandgarl, Praise, eulogy.

1*

a } z-S\jS sand-gustar, One who scatters
praise.

a <^f~£ iii sand-gustati, The scattering of
praise.

a ^yf \jj sana - guy, yy U> sand - war,
Praising; an encomiast.

a VjUJ sandyd (pi. of saniyat), The front
teeth ; steep mountain-roads.

a <j>Vw sund'i, Biliteral (word).

sang, An image, a picture ; Mani's
house or book (see usU?^).

a <sj" sanawi, One who holds the doc-
trine of the two principles, one of the sect
of the Magi.

a sanawiyat, The sect of the Magi
or dualists.

a (jiS sanl (v.n.), Bending, folding,
doubling ; being second ; — siny, A plait, a
fold.

a ^ saniy, Shedding the first teeth
(hence implying the age of different ani-
mals, as six years old for a camel, four for
a horse, and three for an ox or ram) .

a saniyat, One of the four front
teeth ; the declivity of a mountain ; also
the road by it, or to the summit.

a *\f> sawd' (v.n. of <^y)> Remaining,
dwelling in a place ; alighting.

a s^V sawdb, Recompense, reward, pre-
mium ; requital ; a good work (as worthy
of reward) ; honey ; a bee.

A v»V sauwdb, A vendor of garments, a
keeper of a wardrobe.

a u»^y sawdbit (pi. of sdbitat), Fixed
stars ; fixtures.

a u*V sawdbi, Meritorious, virtuous.

a s-Sly sawdqib (pi. of sdqibat), Bright,
twinkling stars.

a Jfly sawdgil (pi. of saqil), Of good
weight (coins).

a u»V samdni (pi, of saniyat), Seconds.

A v»y (v- n >)> Returning ; collecting
(water) ; being or becoming filled or nearly
tilled (a well, vase, or cistern) ; a robe,
vest, garment.

a <Vy su'ba', Yawning.

a (jtjy sawabdn (v.n.), Recovering
(health) ; — saubdn, Name of a freedman of
Muhammad.

a jy saur, A bull ; Taurus, the zodiacal
sign; the ruddiness of twilight; twilight,
crepuscule ; name of the father of a tribe ;
a mountain near Mecca; a prince, lord,
master ; green scum upon standing water,
water-moss (see jama'i ghoq under &-»W-).

a ^\yj> sawardn (v.n. of ^y), Boiling,
being in a ferment (blood) ; being raised
(dust, tumult, &c).

a Jy"y su'lfd, A wart ; a nipple,

A («y sum, Garlic ; the hilt of a sword.

l »Uy surndld, (Thymelsea), spurge-
laurel,

<j~*y sumis (G. Ovfios), Thyme.

( 348 )

a suivaibat, Name of the foster-

mother of Muhammad.

A t>^v sahldn, Name of a mountain.

A sAt> siydb (pi. of saub), Garments,
robes, vestments, clothes, dresses.

A (ji^j riyahl, One who takes care of
(the) clothes (of the bathers in a public
bath).

a jW* siydr (pi, of saur), Bulla.

A s-»i saiyib, in P. saiyiba, A woman
who has consummated marriage, who is no
longer a virgin.

A (j\fs» sir an, ^ slrat (pi. of saur),
Bulls.

J«f sa'i7, A kind of artichoke ; conch-
grass (Triticum repens).

fyj myum, Name of a plant used as
medicine for the eyes.

6 j in Ar. called jim, in P. distinguished
from g as jimi abjad,jimi 'arabi, or jimi
tdzi, The sixth letter of the Arabic-
Persian alphabet ; and the character for
three in Arithmetic ; it represents Tuesday
and Cancer in astronomical books, and is
also the contraction for the sixth lunar
month, called jamddd 'l-ukhrd (or akkir,
when the masc. j-t* shahr, month, is sup-
plied) ; sometimes it interchanges with uu t,
e ch, ) z, j zh, \> sh, and ^ y ; and it
has the power given to the letter j in
James.

W jd, A place ; stead, room ; time (m.c.) ;
—ju andaklitan, To place, establish, arrange
(m.c); — jd ba jd, From place to place;
here and there; seatteredly ; — jd ba-jd
shudan, To walk from place to place, to
loiter or saunter about (m.c.) ; — jd ba-jd
kardan, To reduce (as a swelling, &c.) ; — jd
kardan (giriffan), To take hold, find a place ;
— az jd dar-uftddan, To be vanquished ; —
az jd shudan, To be sorely troubled ; — ba-
jtlst, for ba-ja ast, It happens, comes to
pass ; — ba, jd dmadan, To come to its place,
to come to pass ; to return to its former
state ; — ba-jd awardan, To bring about, to
realise, to acknowledge (m.c.) ; — ba-jd'i
khwud badan, bar jd budan, To be in one'B
place ; — bar ja shudan, To take place, to
be brought about, to be observed (as a
custom) ; — bar jd kardan, To carry out,
bring about, observe ; — jd dddan, To con-
cede ; to give an appointment ; to protect ;
— dar hamehu jae, At a time like this
(m.c.) ; — kdr ba-jd rasdndan, To finish up
a matter, to bring a thing to such a pass
(m.c).

A j*Wjdbiz, Drawing, attracting.

A ,j»W- jdbir, A setter of broken bones ; a
repairer of anything broken ; a proper
name ; bread; (for jabbdr) despotic, tyran-
nical.

{~j>W jdbursd, ^— ItW jdbulsd, A. yaii^ja-
balas, The west; name of a city in the
west, beyond which there is no habitation.

tji^jdbaq, The lash of a whip.

jdbulqd, A. ^iW jdbalaq, The east ;
name of another city, the limits of the
world towards the east.

(j-j^W- jablus, Flatterer, coaxer, wheedler;
—jdblus kardan, To flatter, to fawn.

i_5~y*V jablusi, Flattery, adulation.

jdbiliq, An interpreter of dreams.

a £-*W jdbiyat, A large stone reservoir
for watering camels.

0<***W- jdbldan, To be lazy, cowardly,
frightened ; to be loth, unwilling ; to be
vexed, to repent ; to be broken.

j?)* j'Zpur, jdpuz, Name of a city in
Turkistan.

h w^W jdt, Name of a Hindu Tribe,

£\*W jatagh, A piece of wood in which a
tent-pole is fixed.

(j> W. jdtan (in Zand and Pazand) , God.

jdtunitan (in Zand and Pazand),

To come.

a ja's, ja'as (v.n.), Rising (a camel);
frightening.

a i3s^W jdsaliq (G. ko^oAikos), A prelate,
doctor, or Christian priest, in Muhammadan
countries (his chief is thebitrlk, in Antioch,
his immediate inferior the -mafrdn, then the
ushuff, afterwards the qissls, and last the
sham mds) ; fire ; a flatterer ; a scribe ; a
war eugine ; an engineer ; an armour for
horses or elephants.

a &**>W jasimin (oblique case in P.
equally used as nominative), Unconscious
and motionless ; seated, squatting ; remain-
ing in their place.

a ffW jasuni. The nightmare ; a general
moving a camp ; the bearer of a burden.

a &*if^| Jjl* jasi 'aid rukbataihi,

Kneeling.

**>W- jdsiya, The kneeling one (fern.),
name of a chapter in the Koran.

<-*VW- jdjCif, Sin, crime ; a strumpet ;
dry; (contraction or misreading of oV<JV
q.v.).

p/t-W jdjarm, Name of a city,

jdjarmina, Name of a fountain
which dries at sunrise and is replenished at
sunset.

j/tj im, j^^U- jdjim, A fine bedding or

carpet.

jfj jdj-nagar, Name of a city in
Hindustan.

a j^-W- j'lhid, A denier, opponent, espe-
cially of religious truth.

a te-W- jdhiz, One who has prominent
eyes ; prominent (eye) ; name of an emi-
nent author.

( 349

<*lj~*W- jdkksiik, A sickle.

>>\<iWja-d<id, Place, employment; assets;
consignment.

a i<>Wjdddat,jdda, A highway, a straight
or beaten path ; the middle of the road ; —
jdda'i Jchwdbida, An open road; a far-
stretching road ;— jdda'i 'adl, The due ad-
ministration of justice.

a tj-iWjddil, A wrangler.

j&JW- jddanyo, ,jj&jW- jddangoy (in old
Persian), One who embezzles property en-
trusted to him for pious uses.

jddii (Z. ydtu, S. yatu-dhdna), Con-
juration, magic; juggling; a conjurer;
metaphorically applied to the eyes and
eye-brows of a mistress jddii zadan, To
exercise magic ; to render magic or magi-
cians ineffective ;—jada kardan, To be-
witch ; — zulfijdda, Black hair.

a )^ jddu-khaydli, Spectre, illu-

sion.

O^j jddu-zab&n, A poet ; eloquent
speech.

t» jddti-zan, A magician.

i&du-ewkhan, A poet ; elo-
quence.

yls-,jj^ jadusldn, A place or country
where magic is rife.

Hr«5r> jddii-fareb, Who deceives by
magic or jugglery.

J ty jddd-nizhad, Of the race of

sorcerers.

)6 jddu-kdr, A magician.

yJiS jddu-kushdn, Men sent oat by
Iskaudar to kill sorcerers and magicians.

^ ^W- jddu-kuna, A practiser of magic.

^•iW jtldugar, A juggler, conjurer.

yjjS^W jdduyari, Magic, conjuration.

^ jAq- jadu-wash, Like magic, bewitch-
ing.

i5j J W- jddu'i, Necromancy, witchcraft.

lS> j ^- jddu'i.kindii, Possessed of
Indian magic or witchcraft,
a i j^. jdda, see SoW- .
(j^W- jddl, Saffron.

a. >^>iW jd2ib, Drawing (plaster); allur-
ing ; attractive.

a ijjU- jdzibat, Attractive, Ac. (fern, of
the preceding) ; — quviwati jdziba, The
power of attraction,

yi\£ s-> jW jdzib-hdglyxz, Blotting-paper.

jji^ jdiu, A wizard, necromancer.

jdr, News (prob. a Mong. word) ; a
candelabrum (m.e.) ; — jdri birinjl, A brass
candelabrum (m.c.).

a jdr, A neighbour ; a protector ; one
who asks for or is taken under protection ;
a husband; a partner in trade; [jdru'n-
ruihr, A kind of Nenuphar ; — jdri ba-wafd,
A faithful friend ; — jdri mutaldsiq, A near
neighbour;] — ja"dr, A corpulent man; —
jarr, in P. vulgo jdr, Who or what
drawB, drags, or attracts ; (in grammar) a
preposition ; — jarr u majriir, A preposition

) ^

and the word it governs ; — harfl jdrr, A
particle which places a noun in the oblique
case.

jdrji, <j»-jW- jdrchi, A bringer of
news, a messenger ; — jdrchi bdshi, The chief
herald at the Persian court (seejW).

a *jW jurat, A female neighbour.

a tjW- jdrih, Who or what wounds.

a jdrihat, A rapacious animal ; a

member of the body.

OjSjW- jdrgun, Envelope of nutmeg, mace.

f)W jdrim, A delinquent.

yWjdro (for *r>j>jW), A broom (m.c.) ; —
jdro kardan, To sweep or clean with a
broom.

jd-rob, W jd-roba, A besom,
broom, brush ; a sweeper ; — jd-rob at muzh-
gdn kardan, To behold ; to worship ; — jd-rob
dtidan (zadan, kardan, kashidan), To sweep.

s^i j vjjW jdrob-dida, Swept clean.

0) ^i)^ - jdrob-mn, \j£ ^jy^ - jdrob-fouh,
A sweeper, inferior servant ; a sweeper of
a mosque or mausoleum (a situation both
lucrative and honourable).

cT 4 ^ Vjy^" jdrob-Tcashl, Sweeping ;-~jdrob-
kashi kardan, To sweep.

a JjyW- jdrdd, Unfortunate, unlucky ;
name of a Companion of Muhammad.

a Aj'JjjW- jdrudlyat, Name of a sect.

A jjjW-jar«r, A stream, a river.

a jdrus, A glutton.

a isjWjdri, Who or what runs, or flows;
proceeds, passes, happens, or becomes ;
current, usual ; continuing, continuous,
permanent, in use, in force ; prevalent, rife ;
— jdri budan, To flow, to run ; to occur,
happen, become ; — jdri tdkjd^n, To prac-
tise, to execute (m.c.) ; — dbi jdri (md'i jdri),
Running water.

tj* jdri-shuda, Issued, established,
in force.

a 4>jV jdriya, A girl, young woman ;
damsel; a female slave; (met.) the sun;
a ship.

a y\ ja'», A stifling sensation in the
breast from rage, thirst, or suffocation,
when under water ;— ja'az (v.n. of
Being affected by that sensation.

a cjW jdzih, A giver ; great (gift).

a ;jW jdzir, A camel-butcher.

a gjU jdzi', The prop of a vine or a
palm-tree; a prop ; impatient, querulous.

fjWjdzam, = q.v.

a fjW jdzim, Who or what deprives a
consonant of its vowel, so rendering it
quiescent ; gezmating ; a resolver, con-
cluder ; — jdzim shudan bar chize, To decide
upon a thing.

es^-U,. jast, A wine-press ; = jd a»t.

jdsus, A spy ; au emissary ; white
poppy (see khashkhdsh zubdi under (^afcA*-).

^f^>- jdsusi, Spying, secret intelligence,
espionage ; — jasusl kardan, To play the
spy ; to seek intelligence.

( 350 )

a jdsiisiyat, Duty of a spy, es-

pionage.

jdsi'mitan (in Zand and Pazand),

To hold.

A ^"W ja'fih (v.u.), Being disturbed;
palpitating, drooping, fainting (the heart
from grief or terror) ; heart, mind, soul.

^Wjdsh, A heap of winnowed wheat (on
the threshing-floor) ; a granary ; (an affix
implying distribution) two parts, three
parts.

a JcW jd'il, Who or what puts or places ;
a maker, framer, fixer, doer; — jdilu 'z-
zuhnat, The creator of darkness.
jagkar, A bird's crop.

jagbsuk, edjAitj. jdghshuk, A
sickle (see csSj—iW).

a ^j'W- jaf (v.n.). Throwing prostrate ;
terrifying; — ja'qf (v.n. of <-*&0, Being
terrified; being hungry.

a uW jaf, uW jaf jaf, Wandering,
travelling (fond of variety, not contented
with one thing) ; a harlot.

a u\r?jdff, Withering, dry, husky.

a jaf I, Injurious, vexatious ; cruel,
savage, unfeeling, unjust ; restless, un-
steady.

y~±W jdkso, y&SW jdksho, A grain resem-
bling a lentil, from which a remedy for the
eyes is prepared.

U^/V jdkunitan (in Zand), To bring.
jdki, Wood whence tooth-picks are

made.

jii-garwi, A warm place ; stability ;
"epos«; observation, contemplation.

yljSWjd-gmm, Choosing a residence.

«J W. jd-glr, Holding, occupying a place ;
an assignment of the government share of
the produce of a large tract of country to
an individual; a possession in land granted
either in perpetuity or for life, as a reward
for services or as a fee ; — jd-yiri tan, jd-giri
zat, Assignment of land for personal sup-
port; — jd-glri kashm, Lands granted for
the support of troops; — jd-giri ear, An as-
signment of land for the support of an es-
tablishment of officers and servants ; — jd-
giri mansab, A grant of land, attached to
an office or dignity.

}-S\*- jdgir-ddr, A holder of a jagir.

JW- jdl, The tooth-pick tree ; (S. jdla)
net, snare, gin.

a JW- jdl, Forged, counterfeit.

a [j^^t-jdlit, Sitting, seated, sedentary;
one of a company, a companion, chum ; —
jdlisi bunud, A camp-follower.

a ^~~iWjdlisgar, Waving, swinging, walk-
ing with a pompous air.

\jAWjalish, Coition ; venereous.

j^-^W- jdlishgar, Addicted to sexual in-
tercourse ; one who waves, swings, or walks
with a pompous air.

jJuJV jdlandar, Name of a district in
Somnath.

a uujJW- jdlut, Goliah.
a)W jdla, A raft made of leathern
bottles.

^Wjdll, The tooth-pick tree (see

a JW jdli, Shining ; polished ; evident.
jalist, A kitchen-garden ; a melon-
ground ; a meadow (seey?^).

y~~£W jdleiar, Jellasore in Orissa.

a y^jijjiji. jdlvnus, Galen the physician.
jam, A cup, chalice, goblet, bowl ;
glass, particularly when coloured and used
in the windows of baths ; a looking-glass,
a mirror ; name of a district in Khurasin
where the poet Jami was born in the village
of Kharjard ; — jam bar sang zadan, To
dash the goblet in pieces, (met.) to leave off
wine ; — jami billaur, A crystal glass j a
crystal coach- glass ;—jdmi burak, A dish
of macaroni ; — jami jour as (ahir it) mai, A
goblet of (milk and) wine ; the lip of a
mistress ; elegant poetry ;—jdtn paimudan
{kjiwurdan, zadan, noshidan), To drink
wine ; — jami jam (Jamshed), The cup or
mirror of Jam, Solomon, or Alexander,
which, according to the Eastern fabulists,
represented the whole world (whence it is
also called jami jahdn-numd or jami giti-
numd, a mirror showing the universe) ;
(met.) a pharos, or light-house, particularly
that of Alexandria ; ■ — jami fyammdin, A
basin from which they pour water on the
head ; — jami haidarl (dah mannl) , A large
cup;-- jami khdli dddan, To deceive, to
cheat;— jami tlbaqi, A crystal goblet; —
jami sahar, The sun ; a morning breeze ;
the east wind ; — jami mm, A silver goblet;
the chin of a mistress ; — jami shahr-ydri
('alt), A royal goblet ;—jdmi shir, A teat
yielding milk; a bed of canes; — jami
fadaf, A cup made of a shell ; — jami
fir'auni, A large cup used at banquets ; —
jami gauhari, A crystal cup ; (met.) the lip
of one's mistress ; — jami maliki sharq
(maskraq), The sun's disk ; — jami lab-rez, A
cup filled to the brim, a bumper ;— jami
hildli, An oblong dish resembling a ship ;
a tureen ; also a drinking-cup in the shape
of the new moon (applied to the down sur-
rounding the cup-bearer's cheeks ; — jami
hosh-aeh az daet raft, He loat his senses ; —
jami ydqut-nofh, (met.) A cup filled with
red wine ;—jdmi yak-manni, A large cup ; a
bumper.

a ki>UU,- jdmdt (pi. of the preceding),
Silver cups, goblets ; also —

yMULj. jdmds, h~»UW jdmdsb,
jamas/, The son of the prophet Daniel,
celebrated in the East as a skilful physi-
cian ; — jdmdsb-ndma, Name of a book
written by him, a copy of which Castellus
says he had in his possession.

U*j pW jdm-paimd, A quaffer of wine.

jdmtunitan (in Zand), To arrive.

a g-»W- jamih, Stubborn, vicious (horse).

r W (

**lafc*W- jam-ikana, A room with mirrors
(= «U &i>\ q, r .).

a jdmid, Concrete, congealed ; con-
sistent, solid ; rigid, stiff ; styptic ; (in
gram,) underived, primitive (noun) ; inani-
mate, inorganic (as fossils) ; — jamidu 'l-
hiff, Close-fisted, stingy, parsimonious ;
—jdmidu 'l-mdl, Dead stock; — ismi jdmid,
A primitive noun ma'i jdmid, Dead or
stagnant water.

jam-dar, A cup-holder ; — -jU-W
jamqdar (for A-W- q.v.), A. keeper of a
wardrobe ; a "kind of muslin; a kind of
leathern basket; flowered, sculptured, or
embossed ; a musketeer.

*iU j\±*\+jamadar-i]idna, A wardrobe.
jdmadciri, Protection, defence.

q\±*W jdmadan, Wardrobe, clothes-bag.

(j^-y^- jamdanl, A species of fine cotton
cloth with spots or flowers woven in the
loom (seejWW-).

*—*W jdmisa, The Egyptian bean.

a jdmi\ Who or what collects, com-
prehends, assembles, unites, or joins; all,
whole, universal ; collector, compriser ;
compiler; cathedral mosque, where the
khutba is repeated on Fridays ; — jdmi'u 'Z-
'ulum, An encyclopedia ; — jdmi'i 'l-kamd-
lat, Comprising all perfection ; — jdmi'u 'l-
mutafarriqin, Collector of the dispersed.

a i»«*V jdmi'lyat, Universality, gene-
rality.

J_j**W jdmghol, A bastard ; an arch rogue.

a jdmaqiya, &e£*W jdmakiya, A

gift, stipend ; salary (see cs^V)-

t£)^ f^jdm-kdri, Mirror- making ;—jdm-
kdri kardan, To make mirrors.

oK-W- jdm-kdn, jdm-kan, s^W-

jdm-gdh, A wardrobe in baths, where people
undreBS.

dm-kdh, Dessert (taken with winel.
»*1&»W- jdmagak, A little garment.

jdmagl, j&mgi, A piece of cotton
cloth, sufficient for a garment ; a salary,
stipend, wages, daily allowance of provi-
sions ; victuals, livelihood ; a gun-mateh ;
sediment.

^J^W jdmagi-khwdr, A stipendiary ;
a servant ; a wine-drinker.

j\j jdmagi-dar, A matchlock-man,

y>S |»U- jam-gir, Who seizes the cup.

A j-W- jdmil, A troop of camels with
their owners and keepers ; a large part of
a tribe ; (pi. of jamal) full-grown camels.

H y*W jdman (S. jambu), Eugenia jam-
bolona.

(jjJiA-W jamnunilan (in Zand), To speak.

JifU- jdmawdr, tSj^W- jdmawdri, Fit or
intended to be made up into a garment ; a
flowered sheet or shawl.

tiSyW j&mutala, An orator, a speaker.

a u*y'^> jdmus, and —

jdmush (from P. gdv-metK), A

buffalo.

351 ) f l*

**V jdma, A garment, robe, vest, gown,
coat ; stuff for a dress, but not yet made
up; a bed, couch, sofa; cotton, linen cloth ;
a wrapper ; a patch ; a half-burnt fire-
brand ; a poker ; a poem of any kind (ex-
ceeding nine verses) ; eulogium, panegyric ;
history ; power, dignity ; protection ; sti-
pend, salary ; (for jam) a cup, goblet,
flagon with a long crooked neck ; — jdma'i
ate (talkti), A blue garment as worn by
Sufis ; — jdma'i dkhirat. A winding-sheet ; —
jdma'i dsmdni (eusani), A blue garment as
worn in mourning; — -jdma afyandan, To
furnish a house or apartment; — jdma'i
bdd-ru (bddrun'i), Inner trousers, drawers
(unsupported by examples) ; — jdma'i bdbrl,
Cloth spotted like a panther or leopard's
skin; — jdma badal kardan, To change
clothes ; — jdma ba-danddn giriftan, To flee ;
— jdma bar qadash tang dmad, His vest
became tight upon his body, i.e. be swelled
with rage; — jdma'i k&wdb, Bed-clothes; —
jdma'i khwurshed, Leaves of a tree ; dust, a
cloud, or whatever obscures the sun ; the
earth; pupil of the eye; the human body;
— jdma'i ddl u gul, A kind of embroidered
cloth ; — jdma dar dnjd nihdd, He there left
hia clothes, i.e. he died in that place ; — jdma
dar nil sad, He threw his garments into
the Nile, i.e. he put on mourning (with the
double meaning of nil, Indigo, for blue) ;
similar phrases are : jdma dar ihumi nil
mdan, dar nil giriftan, &c. ; — jdma daridan,
To tear or rend one's garment ; (met,) to
make a violent exertion ; to joke, jest ; —
jdma-rd rang duda ba-nil, Clad in mourniug;
— jdma'i raug&ani {raughanin), Oil-cloth
—jdma'i sahar, The sun ; the east wind ;
— jama siyah kardan, To be in mourn-
ing ; — jdma'i surkh poshidan, To don a red
garment (sign of rage in a king) ; — jdma'i
?kikdri, Green clothes worn by hunters to
deceive the game ; — jdma'i sad-barg (gul),
The spathe of a rose or flower ; — jdma'i
surat, Cloth in which figures are woven ; —
jdma'i 'id, Holiday clothes ; a scarlet vest;
blossoms, flowers ; — jdma'i g&ok, A green
film seen to float on stagnant water; a
pool ; a pond ; — jdma'i fdkhita bar dosh an-
ddkhtan, To throw the " dress of a ring-
dove," i.e. a dove-coloured garment over the
shoulder, to put on mourning; — jdma'i fath
(fathi), A fine silken robe; — jdma futa
kardan, To tear one's clothes into strips ; —
jdma'i qabd kardan, To let out a secret ;
— jdma'i qatrdn (qatrdm), Garments of
pitch, i.e. mourning; — jdma'i mdfam,
Mourning habiliments; — juMa'i murda
(marg), Grave-clothes ; — jdma'i mushaf
poshidan, (met.) To affect piety in the eyes
of men ; — jdma'i mumin, Wax-cloth ; —
jdma'i na-ehoy, Unwashed, i.e. plain un-
dyed cloth or silk ; — jdma'i nakjickuwdni,
Scarlet; — jdma nili kardan, To put on

( 352 )

mourning; — jdma'i nawam, My new gar-
ment.

•JW &+W jdma-bdf, A weaver.
^yVt jdma-bdfi, The art of weaving.
/ 4**V jama-bur, A pair of scissors ;
shears.

J*£i*\*. jama-posh, Clothed, clad, dressed.
iiU- &*Wjama-khdna, Wardrobe, clothes-
press.

fit jama-d&r, A servant who presents
the clothes to his master.

jdma-dan, A portmanteau ; a
chest of drawers, clothes-press, wardrobe.

gj^jj duW- jdma-dardn, Garment-rending.

ia^.j jdma-rakht, Bed-clothes (see
jdma'i rakM under *»^).

Hr-ij jdma-seb, Becoming one's dress.

jl« a*W jdwa-ea*, A clothier, tailor.

^j^*, e^,. jdma-shuy, "Washer of clothes.

(J^i jdma-farosh, A slop-seller.

Ifi i»U>- jdma-qabd, One who turns his
robe into an open-fronted tunic, by tearing
it (in Sufi language for an eager lover) ;
one who lets out a secret.

&*\+ jawa-kan, Who rends his clothes
(in grief) ; place where the clothes are
taken off (in a bath).

j\j jdmawdr, Fit to make clothes
from ; a flowered sheet or shawl ; a kind
of chintz.

u*\+-jami, Name of a celebrated Persian
poet, native of Jam, and a Sufi.

oW- jan (Z- ydna), Soul, vital spirit,
mind ; self ; life ; spirit, courage ; wind ;
the mouth ; arms ; the father of demons ;
name of a race said to have inhabited the
world before Adam ; in modern conversa-
tion a word of endearment, as ai aga jan,
my dearest master, 'ammajdn, auntie dear ;
— jdnl ddam, (met.) Something rare and
wonderful ; — jan ax kiln dar raftan, (met.)
To die ; — jan ba dastdraha dddan. To tender
one's life ; to advance money ; — jan bar
damidan, To restore to life ;—jdn burdan
{birun, burdan), To save one's life;— jdn
bar shukrdna dddan, To advance money ; —
jan ba-gar (bar ear) budan, jan ba-lab dma-
dan (rasidan), To be at death's door, to
die ; — jdni pidar, Soul of (thy) father !
my dear son!— jdni pariydn. Wine; — jan
taslim hardan, To give up the ghost, to
die ; — jdni tu (shumd) u jdni man, Tour
life and mine, said in entrusting something
or somebody very dear to the careful keep-
ing of another ; also to express " my safety is
hound up in yourB " ; — jdni lu u jdni o, His
life is as dear to him as thine to thee ; (it
implies also) unanimity; — jdni jamdsh,
Wine ; — jdni jahdn, Life of the world ; —
jdni haiwdn, Milk ; butter-milk ; butter ;
flesh; honey ; — jani khwud farokhtan, To
sell one's life, i.e. expose oneself to danger ;
— jan dddan, To resign one's life ; to kill
oneself ; to spare another's life ; — jan

ddshtan, To wish, desire, aspire after, en-
deavour with eagerness ; — jan dar tisliti
ddshtan, To risk one's life ;—jdn dar Unl
rasidan, To be in the utmost straits and
bewilderment ; — jan dar pay kase afsh/indan
(bakhlan, rekhtan, kashidan), To sacrifice
life for another's sake ;— jan dar tani kate
hardan, To impart life; — jan dar jdni kase
hardan, To ransom another's life with one's
own ;-—jdn dar sari dil kani, Tou ruin your-
self in following your heart's desires ; — jdn
dar miydn, Though one's life beat stake ;—
jan zadan, To breathe out the soul, to
expire \~jdni mmln, Herbage, flowers and
fruits; — jdn sipurdan, To resign one's
breath ;—jdn shudan (raftan), Life departs ;
— jdni 'alam, Life of the world, i.e. Muham-
mad ; — jdn kandan, To be in the agonies of
death ; to die ; — jdn qiriftan, To take away
life, to deprive of life ;—ba-jdn rasidan, To
come to extremities, to be driven to despair;
— bar jdn qadam nihddan. To renounce all
remedy and offer oneself to death.

A O^s- jdnn (jdn), The father of the jinn
or genii ; the genii, the race of the jinn, a
jinn.

jtyt (jWjan-dndr, Inhuman, tyrannical.
jdn-dzdri, Cruelty, tj runny.

t*W jdndgh, = q.v.

tHj^f y W- jdn afirin, Creator of the soul.

V' t)^- jdn-afzd, Soul-reviving.

cj^W- jdndn (pi. of jdn), Souls; hand-
some, lovely ; a mistress, sweetheart.

<tf jdndna, A beloved object.

jdn-dwar, Alive ; an imprudent,
injudicious man.

jdn-dhani, Iron-hearted ; mer-
ciless, cruel ; brave.

a s-^W janib, A part, side ; outward or
adjacent part ; quarter, tract, region ; party;
direction ; — janib qiriftan, To side with ; —
az janib, On the part of ; — in-jdnib, This
person, the writer (of a letter, used by a
superior towards a subordinate).

t)W jan-bdt, Playing with life, ven-
turesome ; a rope-dancer or other person
following a dangerous calling; a soldier;
a horse-dealer.

^Lji^. jdnbdssi, The profession of a rope-
dancer, &c. ; intrepidity ; a swing ; a slack
rope.

y**! jan-bakhsh, Life-hestowing ;

soul-refreshing ; God ; tho forgiver of a
capital crime.

^jA* yLj. jdn-bakhehi, Animation ; vivi-
fication ; the pardon of a capital offence.

a jdnib-ddr, Partial ; a supporter,

second ; an advocate, defender, patron ; a
partisan.

a ^^Wjdnib-ddri, Partiality ; support;
favour.

jt jdn-bar, One who escapes with
life ; — jdn-bar shudan, To save one's life.
d)W jdn-burd, Saving one's life.

(

^ yW jan-bar-miydn. Bead;, pre-
pared ; one in expectation of death ; tired
of life.

<* yfi jdnib-gir. Who sides with.

ti"* y W- bin jdn, The father of the
Jinu and Paris, inhabitants of the earth
before Adam's creation, but afterwards
banished to a corner of the world called
Jinnistan, for disobedience to the Supreme
Being.

yWW jdmbidan, To dislike, loathe, nau-
seate.

A jdnibain, Both sides, the con-

tending parties in a law-suit.

))A fcA* jdn-parwar, Improving the mind.

yW- y W- jdn-jdn, The Great Spirit ; God ;
bread ; the scrapings of the pot.

j\j jan-d&r, Animated ; possessed of
a bouI ; powerful, active ; a daily stipend ;
a guardian, preserver of life; an execu-
tioner, a sword-bearer.

Q}W jdn-ddru, Theriac; opium,
j yW. jan-ddri, Life, animation.

"w jdn-ddna, The part of the skull
where the sutures meet.

j>> yU- jdn-dar, Who cuts off life, the
executioner; (for jdn-ddr) animated.

i5;l>° yW jdn-dirdsi, Length of life,
longevity.

yW* j»> yW- jdn dar-miydn, Eeadiness to
sacrifice one's life for another.

a srJla£j> j»> yW jdn dar yaJr-qdlib, Perfect
love.

u*o jan-dihi, Opposition, resistance;
a sacrifice or surrender of life ; death.
k> W^" jdn-rubd, Soul-ravishing; killing.
0^- jiin-rafta, One whose life is

gone.

o^*j O^*- jdn-rahd'l, The saving of one's
life.

A"" jan-tipar, Exposing oneself; re-
signing oneself into the hands of another
(as a lover) ; devoted.

lS.j^—'W jdn-sipdri, Exposure of life ;
death.

i)V 0^ jdn-sipom, Sustaining- life.

yU~ yl^ jdn-eitdn. Soul-ravishing ; allu-
ring ; killing, murdering.

uibuJV jdn-sitdni, Allurement ; murder,
y^ jdn-eofi, Soul-inflaming, heart-
consuming.

f± yW jdn-shikar, A hunter (of wild
beasts) ; the angel of death ; a mistress ;
nervous language.

(jj&w^ jdn-shileari, Place of execution.

ylje* yW- jdn-shtrdn, y4p?*> yW- jdn-shirln,
Sweet life ! life itself.

y*-UV jd-nishin, A lieutenant, locum
tenens, viceroy ; a successor ; an associate.

W y^ - jUn-farsd, ,_s^— / yW- jdn-farsdy,
Wearing out life; worrying; disgusting;
irksome.

jiyl y^ jdn - furoz, Soul - inflaming ;
brightening life.

8 ) ,W

^ jdn-Jkd, yW- jdn-fizdy, En-

larging, widening, refreshing the soul;
cheering ; welcome ; the water of life ; the
23rd day of the month in the year of
Yazdagird.

yUj yl^ jdn-fishdn, Keady to sacrifice
one's life ; zealous.

^UjjLj. jdn-fishdnA, Hard labour; ex-
treme diligence ; waste of life in another's
service.

t janqi, A council; consultation,

deliberation.

*^ yW- jdn-hdh, Soul-exhausting; pa-
thetic, afflicting.

y W jdn-kush, Quarrelsome j contu-
macious.

CjW- jdn-kan, Soul-harrowing.

y.x^ yVq. jdn-kandan, Perils of life ;
agonies of death ; anxiety of mind (m.c).

4tf y^ jcm-gdh, A place where life is in
danger; dangerous.

3^ jdn-guddz, Soul-melting, weaken-
ing, consuming.

jdn-gazd, Gnawing at the soul ;
deadly (poison), noxious (beasts) ; any-
thing prejudicial to life ; the soul, breath
of life.

(vjW. jan-gugdr, Penetrating the mind
or heart ; — ndla'i jdn-gusdr, A heart-break-
ing sigh.

J—* 4)^- jdn-gusil, Destroying life;
heart-breaking.

janagl, Name of a country.

^ifSyW- jdn-gir, The angel of death.

jU> U). jd-namdz, A prayer-carpet ; an ora-
tory.

a j& yW- jdn-nisdr, Scattering life, de-
voted.

<4>V jdn-nutudzi, Blandishment.

jV^" jdnwdr, jyW jdnwar, Living, alive,
quick; an animal ; an animalcule; a fierce
beast, a wild boar ; a bird.

^jyW- jdnwarak, Small animal, animal-
cule.

^-fW jdniiadr, Name of the courtier who
killed Dara, the last king of the iCayanian
dynasty.

_}^*-y W jdniispdr, jl--.yW jdniisydr, Name
of a wazir of King Dara.

y^^W- jdnunitan (in Zand), To be,
exist.

toW- jduah, The vital spirit; the young of
any animal ; the pith of a tree ; arms,
armour ; an island ; the cheek ; — asb-jdna,
A foal, horse's colt; — gdv-jdna, A calf.

j\j jdna~ddr, — ^JiW q.v.

<j*W jdni, Soul ; cordial, heartily loved ;
— at birddari jdni, 0 dear brother!

A es*^ jani, One who gathers fruit ; sin-
ning, a sinner.

jj*»-> ^W- jdnl-dushman, An enemy de-
sirous of one's life.

)^jdv (in the idiom of Turkistan), A
river ; paper money (see fe).

^ ( 354 )

&i\j>\fa jawddana, Eternal.

a. t$\fW jdwan, A tribe in Turkistan.

y-VJ^W jdwdnidan, To hawk, spit; to
chatter (as birds terrified); to be perpetual,
eternal.

•> } W jdwid, Eternal, perpetual.

jdtviddn, ^W^W jdwiddni, Eter-
nally, for ever ; eternal, everlasting ; next
world.

*y- jdwidan-khirad, Name of a

book on practical science composed by Ho-
shang ; eternal and unalterable truths.

ts\r« t^JjW- jdwiddn-sardy, Paradise.

uy^W jdwidatiah, Eternal, eternally.

jjW jiiwar, Who takes or occupies a place ;
state, condition;— jdwar kardan, To change;
— chi jdwar ddri, How are you ? how do
you do P

J Ji^ jaward, JyW j&wazd, White-thorn.

« Lr*jiW jdwara (for P. u»;.j^), Millet.
))^ jaivar-gard, Change from one
state into another.

a fiAjW jdvshlr (from P. gdw-shir),
The opoponax-tree.

jdvla, A rose ; a rose plantation.

U^W- jdwush, y^jjl* jdwish, = i^>^- q.v.

*)W jwwa, The interior of the mouth ;
name of a stinging insect ; the island of
Java.

jdwid, Eternal ; eternity.

(jfaijW- jawidan, Eternal, perpetual.

jji y^AjjW- jdwidan-khirad, The title of
a book, whose author is said to have been
Hoshang, second king of Persia.

AA-ijjW- jdwlddna, Eternal; eternally.

J W^W- jdwlddnl, Eternity.

a )y» J*)^ jdwid-tirde, Eternity-adorning.

(jAtjW- jawidan, To scream (like birds) ;
to hawk, spit.

a fcjySjW jdwizan (for P. y)*^), A stone
found in the gall-bladder of an ox.

a aW- jdh, Place, rank, office ; dignity,
grandeur, magnificence ; honour, reputa-
tion; fortune, prosperity; the world; — zu
jdh, Dignified, exalted ; — 'dli-jah, Exalted
in dignity.

a &s>W jdhat, Dignity, power.

a jdhid, Studious, diligent, indus-
trious, active ; waging war against infidels.

jdh-ddr, A holder of a public sta-
tion.

*sUW jahak, The breast-bone next the
throat.

A JfcW- jdhil, Ignorant, illiterate, barba-
rous ; uncivilised, rude, ill-mannered ;
silly, foolish ; wrong, ill-advised.

a (jLfcW- jdhill, Ignorance ; paganism ; a
pagan Arab prior to the appearance of
Muhammad.

(jjtf^Ju&W jdhiluhdr, Who acts foolishly.

a £*1aW- jdhillyat. Ignorance ; paganism,
heathen darkness (as prevailing in Arabia
before the time of Muhammad) ; — aiydmi
jdhiltyat, The time of paganism.

a ;W*W- jdhambdr (for P. )V<j>*tf), The
periods of the creation of the world.

a JSW- ) *W- jdh ujaldl, Dignity, grandeur.
<_jftW- jdhi, Connected with rank or situa-
tion ; pertaining to power.

j&y> -A- place ; an abode ; name of a
flower ; — jdyi ishtibdh met, There is no
room for doubt ; — jdyi i'tirdz, The place or
time of opposition ;—jdyi andesha, Place of
anxiety, cause for apprehension; — jdyi
bdshish, A place fit for an abode ; — jdyi pa-
riah, Place of refuge, asylum ;-—jay ba-rdyi
lease khati kardan, To show respect to ; —
jay bar kaee tang kardan, To press one
hard ^ — jdyi pesha, Place of business ; —
jdyi khtfiurdk, Mess-room (m.c.) ; — jay dar
dida dddan kase-rd, To have great affection
for; — joy dar dida 'ikaae kardan, To be very
dear to ; — jdyi dandan, The gums ; — jdyi
digar, Anus ; — jay sipurdan, To die ; — jdyi
zurur, The necessary ; — jdyi 'u$r, Ground
of excuse, cause of complaint or objection ;
— jdyi fuldn paidd (JchdM, sabz), Such a one
is absent ; — jdyi gardr, A domicile, a fixed
abode ; — jdyi kase girifian (nigdh ddshian),
To act as another's substitute ; — jay garm
ddthtan (kardan), To fix one's abode in &
place, to settle ; — jdyi girin, Place of refuge ;
— jdyi namdz, A carpet to kneel on at
prayers ; — jdy wd kardan, To give way.

jay-bash, A mansion, house,

palace.

j\j jdy-ddd, An assignment in land
(for the maintenance of an establishment
of troops) ; assets, fund, source.

jay dd8htan. To be probable ;

to happen.

a fW jd'ir, One who deviates from the
right way ; unjust, cruel, tyrannical,
s^j; jay-rob, A broom.
A_)fW jd'iz, Lawful, legal, allowable) war-
rantable, authorized, permitted, tolerated;
sound, valid, good (in law) ; admissible,
receivable, competent ; the beam of a house
(as passing from side to side); — jd'inu 'l-i'ti-
rdz, Objectionable, exceptionable; — jd'iz
ddehtan, To allow, to hold lawful, to per-
mit jd'iz hi, It is possible that, possibly.

a jd'ixa, A gift, a present, reward ;
examination, review ; trial, proof, confirma-
tion ; a mark made in checking ; signa-
ture ; muster.

a jd' if 'at, A stab, a deep wound pe-
netrating to the belly.

jdy ki, Where, the place that.
sL&W- jdy-gdh, A habitation, dwelling;
Any place where a thing stands, or wherein
it is contained ; a birth-place ; — jdy-gdhi
ghuraba, A hospice for travellers, a cara-
vansera, inn ; — jdy-gdhi latij, A pleasant
dwelling; — jdy-gdhi muzha (moy, muy).
Edge of the eye-lid.
JicijS jdy-giriftagi, Residence, stay.
yS±W juy-glr, Possessing, occupying a

( 355 )

place, fixing a habitation, making a settle-
ment ; efficacious ; = V q.v. ; — jdy-gtr
thudan, To be respectable, venerable ; to
be in an exalted station.

(jW- jdy-mdnda, Remaining in a
place; incapable, impotent.

•""(jW- jdymand, Lazy, idle, unem-
ployed.

> S ' -A i jdy-nishad, Station, situation.

th-*^ (jW- jay-nishin, A successor, locum
tenens ; an officer of government appointed
to inspect the conduct of a governor (Bee

<ji^- jdye, One place ; a kind of flower ;
— ba-jdye, Wherever.

y-^.W jdyidan, To take up a fixed abode.

a sr-* jabb (v.n.), Castrating ; over-
coming;— jubb, A deep well full of water.

W jiba, Tribute, revenue ; [jibd kar-
dan, To offer one's cup or drinking-glass to
another by way of friendship and courtesy ;]
— jubd, The day of Sabbath (unsupported
by examples) .

a v>W jabdb, Dearth, a sore famine ; —
jibab (v.n. of s-**-), Castrating, lopping a
tree ; overcoming ;—jubdb, Scarcity ; refuse ;
froth on camel's milk.

a «->jW* jibdbat, Collection of revenue.

a jabdbirat (pi. of jabbdr), Tyrants,
haughty, stubborn, headstrong people ;
giants.

a] *- W jabd-khdna, = ""^ q.v.

a jubdr, A shedding of blood with
impunity; the old name for Tuesday; —
jabbdr, A tyrant, oppressor; proud, haughty;
powerful ; the Almighty ; a giant ; a tall
palm-tree; a conqueror; an avenger; Orion;
a bone-setter.

a (jjW jdbbdrl, Tyranny, despotic sway.

a jibdl (pi. of jabal), Mountains,
hills ; tubercles ; — jibdl u iildl, Mountains
and hills ; — jibdli thdhiqa, Lofty mountains.

A (jjW jabdn, Cowardly, pusillanimous,
timid, abject ; a coward ; — jahbdn, A coward ;
dastardly ; a cemetery ; desert ; level
ground richly overgrown with plants.

a &W jabbdnat, A desert ; level ground.

a <MW jabdniyat, Cowardice.

a«W jfi6d.fi, (pi. of jabkat), Foreheads;
trooDS of men.

a "^Ws- jibdyat (v.n. of <^«-), Collecting
(tribute or water into a reservoir).

a jabd'ir (pi. of jabirat), Splints,
bandages.

s-* jab-bdj, A royal robe worn on cer-
tain state occasions.

a Vs- jubbat, A waistcoat or doublet
with cotton quilted between the outside and
lining; the hollow part of a spear's head
into which the shaft is fitted ; the joint of
the fore-foot.

a ls~> jibt, An idol ; a magician ; a sooth-
sayer ; magic, witchcraft ; soothsaying.

a Aw- jabz (v.n.), Drawing, pulling ;—jabi

numudan, To attract, to draw towards one-
self (m.c).

a p^jabr (v.n.), Setting (a broken bone) ;
repairing the broken fortune (of a friend) ;
compulsion, coercion ; force, power,strength ;
predestination, irreversible decree ; reduc-
tion of fractions to integers ; a king ; a
slave ; a hero ; a beggar ; — jabr hxrdan, To
force, to compel, to use violence ; — jabri
nuqsdn, Reparation or compensation for
loss or injury ; making up for a deficiency
(in quality, &c.) }—jabr u raddi 'is,dm, Co-
aptation of broken bones ; — jabr u muqd-
bala, Algebra.

a jabran, By force, forcibly, compul-
sively ; — jabran w qahran, By force and
violence, nolens volens.

a J^l^w jabrd'U, jabrd'il, Gabriel,

j** jdbr-dhang, Name of a certain
thorn ; wild sesame.

a ^y**- jibrd'il, J^V* 5 " jihrd'il, J^/i*-
jibra'il, jibra'%1, Gabriel.

a ""jy** jabarut, jabrut, Pride, pomp, om-
nipotence ; dominion ; heaven ; a degree in
mystical life ; — 'dlami jabarut, The highest
heaven.

JJr* j a b r ur, jabruz, A large porcu-
pine.

a jabri, Forced, compelled ; tyranny,
oppression ; — jabari, One who believes in
predestination, a fatalist.

A \jtn-jibriyd, Pride, haughtiness.

a u^i^t- jabriydt, Algebraical problems.

a jabariy an (P. pi. of jabari), Fata-
lists.

a iipcr jibriyat, jibinyat, jabariyat, jabri-
yat, Pride, pomp, haughtiness ; — jabariyat,
Name of a Muhammadan sect which denies
the freedom of the human will and pro-
fesses the doctrine of predestination or

fatalism (opp. to ijjJtf q.v., Asserters of the
freedom of will).

A Ji^* jabrail, jibril, &.p<i- jabrin, jibrin,
J*>r«- jabra'tl, Gabriel.
!■■>- jabsln, Lime.

uwyL«. jabgfciit, jubjfiut, Cotton or wool
used for quilting ; an old counterpane torn
in pieces.

a J-r jabl (v.n.), Creating, forming,
moulding ; — jabal, A mountain ; a lord,
prince ; a wealthy man ; (also bilddu 'l-jabal)
Media (Persian Irak) -—jubull, jibill, A
crowd, a multitude.

sKs-jibldj, A big, cowardly, base fellow.

4^%*. jibldhang, Wild sesame.

a jiblat, The skin or its surface ;
vice, blemish ; strength ; — jibillat, Form,
creation, nature, disposition ; idiosyncrasy ;
a crowd, great number, multitude ; created
beings.

a c^Lf^ jabalqum, An amethyst.

jablak, A roughness, hardness ; a
strengthening of one thing by means of
another} — jdbaldk, Orange jam, marmalade.

( 356 )

jiblahang, Wild sesame ; a kind of

thorn.

a joibali, Of or belonging to a moun-
tain ; native of Media or Persian Iraq ; —
jibilli, Natural, original, innate, constitu-
tional, essential ; — amrdzi jibilliya, Diseases
inherent in the constitution.

A jubn, jubun (v.n.), Being cowardly;
cowardice, pusillanimity, fear.

A *W>- juband' (pi. of jabin or jdbdn),
Cowards.

a jubu' (v.n. of W), Desisting, being
concealed, hiding ; issuing, coming forth ;
disliking, abhorring.

a jubur (v.n. of jt*-), Being set, bound
up (a broken bone).

a jubur at, Pride, haughtiness.

a (jj^ jab-wi (pop. P. pronunciation of
Ar. jabdn), Cowardly; a coward (ra.c).

d**- jaba, Inspissated juice, rob, marma-
lade ; name of a drug ; — jvba (from Ar. jub-
bat), A coat of mail, a cuirass ; any kind of
iron armour, an upper coat or cloak, a sur-
tout ; — juba'i kkwurehed u mah, Day and
night ;— juba'i darwesh, A cloud ; night ; —
juba'i hazdr tnehh. The starry sky ; a star-
lit night.

a <W jabh (v.n.), Arriving at a well and
finding nothing wherewith to draw ; striking
on the forehead ; driving back ; annoying,
disgusting ; — jabah, Width and beauty of
forehead.

a \J>f> juba-poeh, Clad in armour ; a
cuirassier ; — dilawarani juba-poehan, Brave
cuirassiers.

A jabhai, jabha, Forehead, front ; a
troop of men or horses ; — jdbhatu 'l-asad,
The lion's front, i.e. four stars forming the
tenth mansion of the moon in astrology ; —
jabha'i sker khdridan, To be very brave and
daring.

a ajU. 4^. juba-kkana, Armoury, arsenal.

aL. l^,. jabha-sd, One who rubs his fore-
head on the ground ; beseeching, entreat-
ing,

a ^L, jabha-sd'i, Earnest entreaty.

tj*** jabira, An assembly of men (con-
vened for some important purpose) ; — jabira
shudan, To assemble, come together.

A jabin, The temple, the side of the
forehead ; pusillanimous ; — jabln-sd shudan,
To rub the forehead upon the ground, to
make a profound reverence.

a izijs { j^i > . jabin-girifta, With clouded
brow, frowning, cross-looking.

jat, Name of a despised race called
Jauts in Hindustan.

(^j^Jti). jatbunitan (in Zand and Pazand),
To sit.

y^- jatr, A garden.

*f*-jutra, Stained, polluted.

a **■«»- jass (v.n. of <^~>), Cutting, ampu-
tating ; rooting out of the ground.
t f\Wjusdm, The nightmare.

a &i*-jissat, Misfortune, calamity; — jussai,
jussa, The body of man or animal ; a carcase.

J** jasl, Thick, entangled (foliage or
hair).

a aLV jaslat, Hair hanging over the fore-
bead.

a pi*- jasm (v.n.), Reclining on the
breast.

a yUif. jusmdn, The body.
a ji*. jusuw (v.n.), Kneeling; standing
on tiptoe.

a f^jusum (v.n. of Reclining on

the breast (a bird, shepherd, or traveller).

<_5j\o jussa-ddri, Bulkiness, corpulency.

a JyV jusd, jisd, Stones forming the
enclosure of the sacred preeints of Mecca,
and on which sacrifices are offered; — [j«s<»
(jisd) 'l-harami, Stones heaped together
when flung at a sacred festival at Mecca; —
jisiy (v.n.), Kneeling, a kneeling position ;
— jusly, jisiy (pi. of jdsi), Kneelers.

b &>-jaj, Judge.

\*<>- jajd, An eagle.

a t_»W»- jihdf (v.n. 3 of uW), Throng-
ing ; — juhdf, A great deluge ; the flux or
diarrhoea.

a jahd (v.n.), Denying the truth wil-
fully.

a jahr (v.n.), Being sunk deep in the
socket (the eye) ; entering his hole (a
lizard) ; being far advanced towards the
meridian (the sun) ; being disappointed ;
failing of rain (in spring) ;~juhr, The den
or hole of an animal.

a <j*-a& jaksh (v.n.), Grazing the skin
without making a wound, scratching ; the;
colt of a horse or ass ; cruelty, severity ;
anger ; name of a companion of Muhamt
mad.

a <-A*9- jahf (v.n.), Carrying off, re-
moving ; diminishing, entailing loss, in-
juring.

a J*<* jahl (v.n.), Throwing (one) upon
the ground.

a jahm (v.n.), Kindling (a fire).

a jahmarish. A decrepit old

woman, or ugly, hideous, disgusting ; a
hare having a suckling ; a rough-skinned
viper.

a Jt**-juhud (v.n. of •***■), Denying, dis-
owning, disavowing.

a kjsfl. juhuz (v.n. of k**), Being large
and prominent (eye) ; criticising, finding
fault.

j,^!- juhi, Name of a sorry jester or
buffoon.

jahlsh, A part, side ; keeping

aloof, of distant manners (man) ; self-
opiniated, conceited.

a jahim, A large hot fire kindled in
a deep place ; one of the names of hell.

(f>- jakh, Quarrelsome, contentious ;
brave, strong ; strife ; imp. of jafchidan, =
q.v.

(

C^fjakhdj, A kind of bag or purse.

£>W jakhdjakh, A clashing of swords.

C^jakhj, A species of bat, as large as a
kite, which suspends itself to the branches
of trees, and is said to eat its own ordure ;
a painless wen on the neck ; a goitre,

u~**9- jakhjas, tf*^ jc-kjijin, jakhfan,
jukhjan, A sort of small black seed used as
a salve for bo re eyes.

A fi^-jakhar (v.n.), Being wide (a well) ;
becoming stale (meat) ; being empty
(belly) ;—jakhir, A glutton ; a coward.

tr*"*- jakhth, = q.v.

ej-V&afc^ jakhshidan (according to others,
y-V-SM- jakhmdan), To be wrinkled,
shrivelled, twisted, curled, complicated ; to
labour hard, employ every endeavour; to
distinguish by a mark; to be startled,
frightened suddenly (a colt).

t Uaisn- jakhntd (corruption of jUafe^ for
0^*^)1 A match-box.

t)^*s*»- jakhtdan. To strive, &c. (see
<!)>V>*^).

a jadd, A grandfather (paternal or
maternal), an ancestor, forefather ; dignity ;
grandeur; majesty; glory; happiness,
prosperity, good fortune ; riches ; bank of
river ; cutting cloth, &c. ; completion ;
[jaddi buznrg. An ancestor; — jaddi safyih,
A paternal grandfather; — -jaddi fdsid, A
maternal grandfather;] — jidd (v.n.), Speak-
ing truth; endeavour, effort, labour ; study,
industry, application ; exertion, pains-
taking; seriousness, gravity ; [jiddujahd,
jidd u kadd, Great effort; — jidd u hob,
Assault and battery, beating (\—judd, A
well in a place abounding in forage.

W judd, Separate, distinct, divided; a
part ;—judd juda, One by one, separately ;
— judd uftddan (shvdan), To be separated ;
—juda fcardan, To part, divide, disunite,
dissolve.

a W jiddan, In earnest, seriously, at-
tentively, eagerly, exceedingly, strongly,

A <Aa*. jadddd, A seller or producer of
wine; — juddad (from P. gud&d), Worn
garments ; ravelled threads, entangled
branches and the like; short trees; low
mountains.

a jW jiddr, A wall.

juddrak, Name of a certain game.

**-W juddtta, Independent of matter,
self-existing.

W judd-ghudagi, Separation, sepa-
rateness, the state of being separate.

sjj. juda-shuda, Separated.

yrfUi ^ juda-sMndt, That which marks
a diatinction, distinctive.

iAS\ ^ juddgana, Separately, apart (m.c).

a JW jaddi, Unripe, green dates;
earthenware not grown hard ; hard ground ;
—jiddl (v.n. 3 of J.W-), Debating, wrang-
ling ; contention, altercation, contest ; —

357 )

jiddl kardan, To fight, quarrel, wrangle ; —
jang u jiddl, War and strife.

a e3\j*r jadala, TJnripe dates ; sandy
ground ; small ants.

«sXsW jiddnak, jaddnak, A kind of game ;
— juddnak, A beetle.

a JjW jadwml (pi. of jadwal), Brooks ;
columns ; astronomical tables ; lines, mar-
ginal lines, schedules.

^^.jaddwi, Servants' wages, salary, pay.
<_s> W judd'i, Separation, disunion, deser-
tion ; — judd' i kardan, To separate from,
desert.

v- 3 "* jadb, The pith of the palm-tree.
a v-^ jadb, Charging, accusing of a
fault ; a severe season, a year of scarcity,
a jad ba-jad, From father to son.

a W jidat (v.n. of ^), Being rich,
possessing wealth ; taking occasion to
quarrel with, or chide (another) ; money,
wealth, opulence ; — jadda, jaddat, A
grandmother; [jadda'i satyiha, A paternal
grandmother ; — jadda'i fatida, A maternal
grandmother;] — jiddat (v.n. of is-), Being
new, newness ; a dog's collar ; name of the
port of Mecca on the Red Sea ; — juddat, A
streak on the back of an ass different in
colour from the rest of the body ; a way
track, path.

jadtin, An embroidered purse.
a <Ajj^ jadas, A tomb.
a •^■•isf judjud, A kind of cricket.
a c-^ jadh (v.n.), Stirring up a draught
or ptisan.

a djjj. jadad, Hard, even ground ; — judad
(pi. of juddat), Ways, tracks, paths.
j<W jadr, A four-year-old camel.
Aj^jadr, Name of a herb (growing in
the sand); a wall ;— jadar t Pimples; wens
(p!. of jadarat) ; the mark of a bite on the
neck of an ass or camel ; name of a place
in Syria where the wine called jadari is
grown ;—judr, judur (pi. of jiddr), Walls,
^tj^s- judrdk, A kind of game.
a fc}^-** judrdn (pi. of jadr), Walls.
a tjM- jadarat, An excrescence on the
body, a wen, blotch, pimple ; name of an
Arabian tribe, so called because they built
the wall (jiddr) of the temple of Mecca.

a judari, Small-pox, pits; [judariyu
'l-baqar, judari'i baqar, Cow-pox ; — judari'i
kdzib, Chicken-pox ;] — jadari, Of Jadar
(wine).

a g-V jad' (v.n.), Mutilating in, or de-
priving of (ear, hand, nose, or lip) ; giving
unwholesome food to a child ; binding ;
keeping in prison ; — jada' (v.n.), Being fed
on unwholesome aliment (an infant).

a >_»■*«». jadf, jadaf, A grave ; wine not
covered up ; a kind of herb found in Ara-
bia Felix, which has the property of
quenching the thirst, when masticated.

Sjtfju,. jadgdra, Different roads ; contrary
ways or opinions.

( 358 )

a Ja* jadl (v.n.), Twisting (a rope)
tight ; throwing prostrate on the ground ;
being strong or firm ; tbe grave ; the bones
of the hands or feet ; — jadal, Altercation,
contention, disputation ; fight, battle, en-
counter ; — jadal kardan, To dispute ; to
fight.

A y^jadw (v.n.), Asking for, seeking
some benefit or advantage.

a jadwdr (for P. q.v.), Zedoary ;
— jadiodri i&afa't, Zedoary of China, the
root of which is considered as a panacea in
Persia (?).

a. ^J^judAf (v.n. of <J>M, Plying,

A. jadwal, A rivulet ; a ruled line
(round a page), a marginal line ; column,
table (of a book) ; an astronomical table ;
— jadwali dam 1 a, The lachrymal caruncle ;
— jadwali qarq (?), A dried-up river or
brook ;— jadwali mistar, The lines drawn by
a rule.

a <j£ JjJu* jadwal-kash, A rule, consist-
ing of a card of pasteboard and threads on
which the paper is pressed and thus be-
comes ruled.

a JjJ*- jadwali, Marked with lines (a
book, <fcc), lined, ruled.

M~ } >i+ jadumand, Separate from matter,
immaterial, self-existing (= A. Jj^*).

a (J^<V jadwd, Gift, present.

a jady, A kid the sign Capricorn ;
the polar star.

a is^judaiy (dim. of the preceding), The
polar star ; — jaddi, Ancestral ; — jiddi,
Earnest, serious, self-exerting ; — ■ juddt,
Fortunate.

a jadid, New, modern, fresh ; new
cloth recently cut from the loom ; death ;
the Burface of the ground ; a river in Ta-
rn amah.

a o^Ji-V jadiddn (du. of the preceding),
Night and day (ever new).

a «jji<»<9- judairi (dim. of judari), The
chicken-pox.

a Jja* jadil, A bridle of twisted thongs
or hair ; a belt or sash (frequently adorned
with jewels).

a iljA*. jadttat, Mode, manner, state, con-
dition ; a side, tract, region ; a tribe,
family ; name of the mother of a tribe,

a jazz (v.n.), Breaking off; cutting
up ; making haste.

A kr»W jizab (v.n. 3 of v* V), Wresting
irom each other ; contending.

A •Ma* juzdz, jazdz, jixdz, A fragment,
particle.

a f>\l+ iuzdm, The leprosy ; name of a
tribe.

a ti\t- juzdm-khdna, Lazaretto, pest-
house.

a ,_j<*W juzami, A leper.

a jazdmir (pi. of jizmdr or juz-

mm), Stumps remaining on a tree stripped

of its branches;— bi-jazdmiri-hi, All, every
bit of it.

a j a ?b (v.n.), Drawing, pulling, at-
traction ; allurement ; giving little milk ;
dryness in the mouth; absorption; weaning
a colt ; [jazb kardan, To draw, attract ;—
jazbi giydh, Attraction of straws ; — jazbi
maqndtUl, Magnetic attraction;] — jamb,
The pith of the palm-tree.

a £)i*>- jazba, Passion, rage, fury ; strong
desire, craving for.

a ji*. jazr (v.n.), Cutting up by the
roots ; a four-year-old camel (see )*♦-) ; —
also jizr, Root, origin ; stock ; the square
root of any number; — jazri asartvm, A
surd or irrational root ; name of a hero ; —
jazri ndf.iq, A rational root ; — (the square
being called mdl) jazri m&lu 'l-mdl, The
fourth root.

a £i*jaz' (v.u.), Keeping (ahorse) with-
out food ; tying two camels with one rope ;
— jitf, The trunk (of a tree) ; an upper
room, a balcony ; name of a man ;—jaza',
The young of cattle (as a bullock, heifer,
or sheep, two years old ; a horse, three ; a
camel, five) ; the year that a quadruped
sheds his milk-teeth ; a young man; a raw
recruit.

a cJAs- jazf (v.n.), Flying ; making haste ;
walking.

a J^*- jazal (v.n.), Rejoicing, cheerful-
ness ;~~jizl, The root of a great tree ; the
trunk after the branches are lopped off, a
pollard.

A jazm (v.n.), Amputating, lopping,
mutilating;— jazam, Having the hand cut
oS ; suffering from the leprosy or elephan-
tiasis ; — jizm, Root, origin.

a jUifr jizmdr, juzmur, The stump

left on the trunk of a palm-tree after lop-
ping off a branch ; root, origin, principal,
sum total (see j«*lA>),

a vy** jamb (v.n. of sj-W), Attracting,
attraction.

A iji^- jazwat, jizwat, juzwat, jazwa, &c,
A burning coal or billet ; a thick piece of
firewood.

a ))Z*rjuzur (pi. of jazr), Roots, origins ;
square roots.

K fyier juzu' (pi. of jiz'), Trunks (of
trees).

a Jji*- juzul (pi. of jizl), Lopped trunks
of trees, pollards.

a juzum (pi. of jizm), Roots.

f<- jar, Crack, cleft, rent, fissure ; parti-
cularly in the ground ; a ditch, trench ;
cracked ground ; [jar bastan (zadan, Jean-
dan), To dig a trench ;— jar gusastan, To be
destroyed (a trench) ;] — jur, A saddle.

a yt- jarr (v.n.), Drawing, dragging, at-
tracting ; dragging forth an offender for
public punishment ; committing a crime ;
foot, bottom, foundation, base, lowest part
(of a mountain) ; (in Gram.) the vowel

L>* (

kasrah at the end of a word ; — jarri saqil,
The science of mechanics; — harji jarr, A
preposition.

A stipend ; expenses for living ;
— jira (perhaps corruption of A
lamp, light, lantern.

a lAf* jard' at, Boldness, bravery, hardi-
hood,

a v\y> jarab, jirdb, A kid-leather bag, in
which travellers or shepherds carry provi-
sions ; the scrotum ; the space between the
brink and water of a well; — jurdb, An
empty ship ; — jurrab, A stocking.

4»\r> jar aha, A sock.

a jur'at, Boldness, bravery ; rash-
ness ; — jur'at kardan, To be bold, to dare
(m.c.) ; — ba-chi jurei't, How dared you ?
(m.c.).

a t\f>-jirah (pi. of jirdhat), Wounds.

A t\f*-jarrah, A surgeon; — jarrdh-bdshl,
Surgeon-io-Chief (m.c).

a i^ft- jirahat (vulg. jarahat), A wound,
a sore ;— jarahat ba-ham raedndan, To get
wounded ; — jardhati khandad (the wound
laughs), The wound is fresh, not yet
closed ;— jardhati mattd'i, A fistula.

a Ait \*^Aj+ jirdhat-band, A bandage for
a wound.

a i**=-\frjardhat-do8t, Who cherishes
hiB wounds (in a sense similar to ut*=-ljs-
q.v.).

a sjj(>) kM-ty,. jar&hat-dida, Who baa seen
woundg, was frequently wounded; wounded.

0 jarahat-guzln, Who chooses
to be wounded (as a lover by the darts of
his mistress's eyes, &c).

a ij^fi- jarrdhi, Surgical, chirurgical.

A Aft jardd, A locust ;~jaradu 'l-bahr,
A shrimp.

a Mj* jaradat, One locust.

A jarrar, Drawing (a thing) to, with,
or after one ; numerous, and loaded with
incumbrances (an army) ; warlike, brave ;
a beggar; a kind of scorpion; long curls
(for the last two meanings see also the
following article) ; — jarrdri 'adu-shikar,
Victorious soldiers ; — jarrdri kucha u bazar,
A beggar in the streets and markets.

a tyft jarraraf , jarr dra, A numerous, en-
cumbered army ; a species of deadly scor-
pion with a heavy tail, which he drags
after him, found in Alwaz ; (met.) a ring-
let of hair.

a jV jaidz, Name of a plant; — jnrdz,
Sharp (sword).

fbjlf jardxrdm, Abstruse mystical say-
ings (?),

«d-\j>». jardsak, A kind of grasshopper.
a W~ly>- jardtiyd, A cherry.

1 uhfr juraf, jiraf, A large measure for
dry goods ;—jarrdf, A glutton.

iiAyt- jardmaqa, A kind of thorn- tree.
jUtlj*. jardngiar, The left-hand side, the
second line of the left wing of an army.

359 )

**V*" jatana, Chiretta-root (Gentians
chirayitra radix).

A aH/s- jard'id (pi. of jaridaf), BookB,
tomes.

a jS\f> jara'ir (pi. of jarirat), Fault J,
crimes.

a jard'im (pi. of jarimat), Sins,

offences, crimes ; — jara'imi kkafifa, Slight
offences, peccadillos; — jara'imi sabiqa,
Past offences; — jardHmi sangin, Serious
crimes, deadly sins; felony; — wall 'l-ja-
rd'im, A magistrate, police-officer.

a v^s- jarab (v.n.), Being scabby, scab ;
becoming rusty (a sword); — jarabi ratb,
Moist tetter.

s-*/*- jarb, = s->^ q.v. ; — jirb (from A.
jarib), As much of land as can he ploughed
in a day, an acre; [hazdr jirb, A royal gar-
den in Isfahan ;] — jurab, The heath-cock.

a jarbd' (fem. of ajrab), Scabby ;
heaven ; barren (ground) ; a beautiful
girl.

ayp-jurbux (from P. yjS), Arch, sly; a
deceiver.

a ijift- jarbazat, Being arch, sly.
^^j* jarabndk, Scabby, mangy.
,J>}$- jarbi, oJ>eif>. jarbidan, = <j)?> charbi,
charbidan.

«^>^s- jurut (probably corruption of A.
zurat), Indian corn (Holcus sorgum).

a ifr jur'at, Bravery, courage, valour ; —
jarr at, A pull; a water-pot; bread baked
in the ashes ; a loaf ; beads ; — jirrat, A
mode of drawing ; the cud ; a buckstall ;
—jnrrat, A buckstall ; a kind of game.

a fi^ff jarsum, Firmly rooted; of noble
origin.

A jursumat, Root, origin.

a sj* jarj (for jaraj, v.n ), To be loose
upon the finger (a ring) ; hard, stony
ground.

a Ici-f,- jurjat, A cloak-bag, portmanteau.

CjU-;f- jurjan (for P. q.v.), A pro-

vince and city in Persia.

}<¥-ff jarjar, A threshing-floor ; a musical
instrument, a timbrel, a kettle-drum.

a f>f*- jirjir, A bean, a vetch ; the herb
rocket.

jarjari, Juniper-tree.

a je^fs- jirjir, Water-cress.

a (j-*^ jirjls, G-eorge, particularly St.
George of England ; ranked among the
prophets by the Muhammadans.

a tf*- jarh (v.n.), Wounding; a wound;
reviling ; an offence against the person ;
rebutting evidence; invalidation of testi-
mony ; — jurh, A wound.

^s- jarkhaet, «^A^>- jarkhuM, jur-
kh.isht, A wine-press.

Jy>- jard, A royal throne ; a certain blue
bird; a kingfisher; — jarad, Wounded; —
jurd, A cricket.

a jard (v.n.). Skinning; removing
the hair from a skin ; carding cotton ; de-

( 360 )

nuding ; asking and receiving a denial or
a gift unwillingly ; a shield ; remainder,
residue, balance ; penis, vulva, ; — jarad
(v.n.), Being bald ; baldness ; open ground
without vegetation ; a town of the Bani
Tanrim ; a blemish or disease in quadru-
peds;—; jurd, Hairless (pi. of ajrad) ; with-
out vegetation, bare, barren (ground).

a jardd' (feni. of ajrad), Bare,

barren (country).

a {$\<ip- jardan (for jarr-ddn), A plate
(for receiving contributions for the poor) ;
a staple, hasp of a padlock,

S "V>- jarda, A cream-coloured horse ; —
jurda, A horse bred from an Arabian sire,
but not an Arabian dam ; a gelding ; skin.

a jfr jaraz, Any tumour about the hough
of h orses or camels ; — jurat, A species of
the field-mouse.

a yU^. jirzan (pi. of the preceding),
Field-mice.

lw jarrd (in Zand and Pazand), A
portion, a share ; a stone.

fr* jarz,jurz, A bustard.

a jy*. jam (v.n.). Cutting off, lopping ;
— jaraz, Barren year ; broadness of a man's
body and breast ; Besh of a camel's hack ;
— jire, A female's garment made of camel's
hair and goat's skiu ; — jurz (for P. gurz),
A mace ; —juruz, Barren ground.

a \j»ffjars (v.n.), Emitting a low sound,
humming; speaking, chanting; part of the
night; (also jirs) a soft sound; a clash;
echo ; — jarae, A bell appended to the neck
of a camel, &c. ; [jaras bar mahmil (dar
qulii) bastan, To fasten the bell to the
litter (to the camel's neck), i.e. to prepare
for travel ; (met.) to pray or sing with a
loud voice ; — jaras zadan, To make the bell
sound, to ring or strike the bell; — jaras-
ha'i zar (zarin), The starB ;] — jarasi gkoza,
A cotton-pod (on account of its bell-like
appearance) ; — jirs, Root, origin.
jarae, A prison,

a ^ft-jirsdm,, Pleurisy.

jarrast, jarist, The noise of gnash-
ing of the teeth or tearing calico.

yXyi^ft. jiristxdan, To gnash the teeth
(see o^^)-

jaras-dar, A bellman ; courier,
messenger (so called because he wears bells
on his belt to announce his arrival).

jarsi, A wine-press (doubtful word ).

A \j*>fr- jar*k (v.n.), Pounding into coarse
particles; combing (the hair).

u^u^ jarahaft, Lampoon, pasquinade.

a jaras (v.n.), Having the throat
obstructed by Bpittle almost to suffocation
(from anguish or vexation) ; saliva.

a jar' (v.n.), Drinking by sips ;—
jura 1 (pi. otjur'at), Draughts.

a Afij* jar'at, A sand-hill where vegeta-
tion thrives ; a sand-hill yielding no her-
bage ,—jur'at, jur'a, One draught or gulp ;

of a
The

remains of (wine) at the bottom
vessel, dregs ;—jur'a-ha'i sabz tasht.
stars.

jar'atu, = y q.v.

a ifij*. jur'a-ddn, A drinking-glass ; a
leathern pouch wherein travellers stow their
victuals and their flask.

a y-^ jur'a-chin,
cup to the bottom.

Who drains the

jij dx^. yur'a-rez, A

vessel having a
anything down a

spout, either for pouring
child's throat, or for pouring -water on
women's heads in a bath ; — jur'a-rez dtda,
An eye shedding tears.

a (ji^ icj^. jur'a-kash, *J±f tep- jur'a-nosh,
who empties the cup to the bottom, a wine-
drinker.

jj^*>*" jaryhdtu, y^/s- jarp&atu, A cup
which has a spout (to drink out of) ; =

t)^j<>. jarghdn, A cipher or character used
amongst the worshippers of fire.

jar gha d, ^f>- jarghand (probably

q.v.), A sheep's
a lamp ; a lamp-

corruption of j&r
haslet; (for ■Hjft- q.v.)

stand.

JA* 3 at 'gM>l, Qj^-ff jarfj&un, A plantain.

A jarf (v.n.), Digging, ploughing;
— jam/, A mark on a camel's thigh ; — jurf,
juruf, A bank eaten into by the stream ;
any place where water collects, a pond or
pool.

usijs- jurk, A desert, a plain.

jarkant (?), Wantonness, lascivioua-

ness.

nSj* jarg, \i£fr jarga, A circle, ring (of
men or beasts); — jarga anddkhtan (sdkh-
tan, kardan, kashidan), To sit or collect iu
a circle, as members of an assembly, or
hunters surrounding the game.

a jural, A rough hard place full of
stones, stony ground.

a fy* jarm (v.n.), Gutting; taking, bear-
ing off ; gaining, acquiring ; being worthy
deserving; committing a crime, trespass-
ing; a fine; (for P. garrn) warm, hot; —
jinn, A body ; a globe ; [jirmi damdgh,
The brain;— -jirmi subh, The light of the
sun ; — jirmi 'asabl, The nervous tissue ; —
jirmi qamar, The body of the moon;] —
jurm, Sin, crime, fault ;—jurmi khafif, A
minor offence ; — jurmi sangln, jurmi shadid,
jurmi 'az'im, A serious offence, a felony, a
capital crime ; — jurm nihddan, To accuse,
to find fault with ; — jurm u jindyat, Sin
and guilt.

ff*- jiram, Name of a place in Iran,

a -iSUyc jurmdna, Penalty, forfeit, fine.

a J*fi pj* jurm-posh, Who pardons sin.

tyft- jarmuza, A journey.

cOU*^ jurmndk, Guilty, criminal, faulty.

Guiltiness, criminality.
A small reservoir ; a

^jS tiL*j9- jurmnukl
a )yf* jurmiiz,
small house ; a well ; members, limbs —

(

ibni jurmuz, Name of the slayer of Ali's
enemy, Zubair bin al-'Awam, who killed
himself, because AH disapproved of his
deed.

a Jj-j* jurmuq (for P. l)fy q.v.), A
kind of hose or gaiters.

^-fi- jama, A white or gray horse.

a Cj/?- jurn, A place where dates are
dried ; a stone hollowed out in which the
water for the religious ablutions is kept.

Mj*. jiranda, Gristle; the liver of a bird
(unsupported by examples).

J^y* jarang^ar, The left wing of an
army.

k±%> jaran-g, jiring, Jingling or tinkling
of bells; rattling of chains; clashing of
arms.

U-^sSs,*- jarangidan, To jingle, tingle,
rattle, make a noise like the clashing of
swords or the like.

A )f>- jarw, jirw, jurw, The whelp of a
lion, a dog, or any wild beast; the young
of anything, down to a small cucumber or
colocynth.

jarw finale, <^~^j* jurwdsag, A

cricket.

fifr jarwar (prob. misreading for jjj**?-
q.v.), A porcupine.

a u*ir> jar"*, Name of a country between
Herat and Ghazna.

A Jj^ jurwal, jurawil, Stony ground.

a pjp. jurum (pi. of jirm) Bodies; (pi.
oi jurm) sins, trespasses.

tyff jariin, The ancient name of the city
of Ormuz in the Persian Gulf ; the Indian
melon.

a t)^ jurun (v.n. of y/f-), Being accus-
tomed to (man or beast) ; being calendered,
mangled, smoothed (linen) ; being polished
(a coat of mail) ; grinding (corn).

juj^ jarwand, A lamp ; a candle.

if>- jarra, A jar, earthen water-vessel,
ewer; — jurra, Active, quick; moderate-
sized, neither large nor small ; a common
name for any male bird or beast, but parti-
cularly of a male falcon (used metaphori-
cally for a hero or brave man) ; anything
small ; a small watercourse derived from a
larger one ; name of a musical instrument ;
name of a village near Shiriiz.

yi 5^ jurra-bdt, A white (according to
others a male) falcon ; active, quick, ready.

a fkft jurhum, Name of an ancient
tribe round Mecca, amongst whom Ish-
mael settled.

A iiyt-jari, Bold, brave, valiant.

^ft-jirri, The sheat-fish; an eel.

A i^ifr jaraydn, in P. jirydn (v.n. of ^s/*-),
Flowing, running ; what issues forth (as an
order) ; happening, coming to pass ; flux
(of blood, wine, &c.) ; gonorrhoea, gleet
jirydni ab, Fluor albus ; — jirydni skikam,
Dysentery \— jirydni mafi, Fluor albus; —
jirydni mani, Gleet.

361 ) >

a s-i/>- jarib, A corn-measure equal to
four qafie; as much sown ground as will
produce that quantity ; a certain measure
of land, 144 yards ; (in India) horticultural
produce (such as tobacco, chilli, turmeric,
garlic, onions, &c.).

a t^*! ^f*- jarib-amin, A land-sur-
veyor.

a ^Wi^s- jarlbana, A rate imposed for
defraying the charges of measurement.
<*■ <^ Vf-j/>- jarlb-kash, A land- survey of.

s-j/s- jarib-kashi, Land-measuring.
a <jt>f>- jaribi, A land-surveyor.
a juraij, Name of a man.
a jif>. jarih, Wounded (man or woman).
a jj^ jarid, A palm-branch ; (a tree)
despoiled of its branches, leaves, and bark.

a <y J / "Hr* jarid-bdzi hardan, To fight
in sport, or by way of exercise or disci-
pline.

a iJo.j<?- jarida, A branch of a palm-tree
stripped of the leaves ; a number of horse-
men or horses (part of a larger body) ; an
account of receipts and expenses, a cash-
book ; a roll, volume, register ; (= mujar-
rad) only, alone, bare, free from worldly
attachment, deprived of relations and
friends ; expeditious ; a short spear ;— ja-
rida ghudan, To be expeditious, unencum-
bered.

a jif>- jarir, A halter ; a headstall for a
camel ; name of a Companion of Muham-
mad,

a ij>f>. jarlrat, Fault, crime.

jarira, The daughter of Piran "Wisa,
wife of Siyawush.
a hj>.fi- jaririyat, Name of a sect.
a ^r>f^ jaruh. Bruised, brayed, coarsely
pounded.

n^+tje,. jar'mana, Fine, penalty, forfeit.
a X+iyt. jarimat, jarima, A crime, fault ; a
fine, mulct, pecuniary punishment.

jaw' 11 * ^ place where dates are
dried (see Oj*-).
a jarya, and —
a isjyj. jirri 'at, A bird's crop.
y>- jaz, An island ; name of a country
between Euphrates and Tigris (Mesopo-
tamia, al-jqzirat) ; — jiz, Fat of a sheep's
tail fried, and poured over a dish of flour ; —
juz (probably from Ar. ji). Besides, ex-
cept, other, apart; except in, as; juz
taw tlx, except in the stable (m.c.) ; — juz ass
an, Besides that ;—juz ax in-H, With excep-
tion of this, besides that (m.c).

a. y* jazz (v.n.), Mowing, cutting, reaping,
shearing, clipping.

a jaz' (v.n. of '\y>-), Dividing in parts ;
j distributing; making content; — juz', Part,
i portion, particle ; an ingredient ; a quire
of paper; a metrical foot; a section of a
book (the Kur'an, for example, being
divided into thirty jus', as the Psalms are
, with us);—juz'u'l-]ea% The cube root;—

\j* ( 362

juz'i-kaldm, In fine, in short, to sum up ;
jW la yutajazza', An indivisible atom; —
— juz' u hull, hull tijuz\ In whole and part ;
totally, entirely, in every part.

A olys- jazd' (v.n. of <^ff), Compensating,
requiting; recompense, reward, amends; re-
tribution, repayment, return, retaliation ;
satisfaction; (in gram.) an apodosis ; —
harfi jazd, A conditional particle ; — rozi
jazd, The day of retribution.

A Sly*, juz'at, The handle (of an awl or
knife) ; a vine-prop.

K^'ffjazdz, jiiass, Harvest; date-cutting;
— jizdz, Sheep-shearing ; — juzdz, &y\y>- juza-
zat, Anything which falls in cutting leather,
paper, &c, clippings.

A t-Afe juzdf,jazdf, jizdf (from P. guzdf),
Guess, conjecture in buying or in selling ;
random (sale or purchase), one made with-
. out weighing or measuring ; conjectural ; —
jazzdf, A fisherman.

a "Silt «£\y*>- jmaka 'llah, May God reward
thee ! thanks ! bravo !

A jctzdlat (v.n. of J)>), Being com-
plete, firm, solid.

^y* jazdni, Changeable, unstable, mu-
table (see ft} ■**)■>.).

A J\yt- jazd'ir (pi. of jazirai), Islands ;
peninsulas ; — al-jazd'ir, Barbary ; Algiers ;
— al-jazd'iru 'l-khdlidat, The Fortunate Isles,
the first meridian of Ptolemy.

a (jjfy* jazd'iri, King of Persia's body-
guard.

a jazd'il, A large musket, wall-

piece, swivel; a rifle uBed with a prong or
rest.

a)\*i\ J%>- jazd'il-anddz, ,_j^lfi>is- jazd'il-
cM, Who fires a rifle of the preceding de-
scription.

a jizb, Part, portion ; — juzb, Ser-
vants.

^S^yt- jm-bandi, The stitching together
the parts of a book, book-binding.

jatsaba kardan, To enrage.

y.yt- jiz-biz, Offended, displeased, put out.

a ySy* jus-fan. (part of the body), A limb.

?ry*- jizjaz, The hissing of a frying-pan.

A cy- jazh (v.n.), Going about one's busi-
ness ; giving liberally without consulting
anyone ; entering a covert (a deer) ; striking
a tree that the leaves may fall ; assigning
part of one's property ; a gift, a boon ; —
jazah, ja&xh, Quick- sighted, shrewd (boy).

juz' -khwdn, One who reads the
Kur an in parts.

Jj» jasd, juad, A cricket, a grasshopper.

a (jWj^- juzddn, A portfolio.

jsJj> jazdar, jizdar, t^y>- jazdara, juzdara,
ttyt. jmda. A fried sheep's tail.

A iff jazr (v.n.), Cutting (bunches of
dates) ; slaughtering or skinning (a camel) ;
decreasing, subsiding (water) ; reflux, ebb-
tide ; [jazr u maddi iqddm u ihjdm, The reflux
and flux of resolves, i.e. irresolution ;] —

) C5>*

jazar, jazir (from P. gasar), A carrot j—
jazari hindl, A species of pumpkin.

a u'^-juz-ras, Sagacious; frugal, thrifty,
economical ; penurious.

a cfj)* juz-rasi, Penetration ; frugality,
economy ; knowledge, experieuce.
a jws-rau (rav), A privy, a jakes.
a <j,)y* jazari, Native of Mesopotamia.
a Zy* jaz' (v.n.), Crossing (a country,
valley, or river) ; being impatient ; (also
jiz') a kind of Arabian shell, black and
white, compared often by the poets to the
eyes ;—jix', A place where a valley bends ;
the ceutre of it ; a place where it breaks off
abruptly ;—jws', The axis of a pulley ;—jaaa',
Lamentation, complaint, sorrow, impatience.

ty* jamgh, A frog (unsupported by
examples); — jizgh, A cricket; a locust;
— jizigt, The fat of sheep's tails fried and
poured over a dish made of flour.

J**)* jizgkdl, iS\ky*, jizgkdla, Pat, drip-
ping.

a <-*)«► jazf (v.n.), Taking a thing easy.
dyr jazak, A distemper peculiar to fowls,
affecting the roots of the quills and feathers,
and causing them to drop off.

a ^j^y*- juz-kashi, Acquisition of know-
ledge by reading.

ajeSyt- juz-glr, A contrivance for keeping
a book open when reading or writing ; a
portfolio.

a Jys- jazl (v.n.), Cutting, paring, clip-
ping; dry fire-wood, especially hard and
thick ; copious, large ; liberal, generous ;
firm; sensible; eloquent; the cooing of a
dove ; jazal, Soreness of a camel's bunch
caused by the saddle.

a (ifr jazm, (v.n.), Cuttiug, amputating;
being weak, pusillanimous ; deciding, resol-
ving ; decision, determination ; giving
effect to a vow or oath; keeping silence;
the orthographical sign for a letter being
silent ; filling (a water-bag, &c.) ; evenness
of the characters in writing ; nibbing a
reed pen (not slantwise) ; — jazm u tazdih
kardan., To confirm oneself in a resolution. ;
— jizm, A part, portion, lot.
a )y+ juzil, jazw, = A. «y* q.v,
Ajjp- jtizur (v.n. of tft-), Slaughtering a
camel.

jazur, )ff>- jazuz, A porcupine (pro-
bably misreading, see jar«- andj^-*-).

a tif*- j<M«'» Impatient ; lamenting, queru-
lous.

a ^yt-juzwe, A part ; a little, few ; a trifle ;
—juzwi, Relating to a part or portion, par-
tial, in part ; particular ; petty, trivia],
trifling.

a viMtft juzwiydt (pi. of the preceding),
Parts ,* particulars.

lyt-jaza, A circular tent.
a ^y* juzi, A particle, part ; a little, a few ;
— kulli u juzi, az juz't u kulli. In whole
and in part, entirely.

( 363 )

• A — -

a hy* jizyat, Tribute, capitation tax (paid
by Jews and Christians).

0 Jiys- jcusidan, To change.

a SjS;"*- jazirat, An island ; a peninsula ; —
al-jatirat, Mesopotamia.

a i>U. Ajy>. jizya-khdna, A custom house
or other place where tribute is collected.

a uwL|_^ juz'iydt, Trifles, particles ; de-
tails.

w+jas, Imp. and verbal noun of
q.v, ; in the latter meaning unsupported by
examples.

A jais (v.n.), Touching, handling ;
feeling (the pulse) ; seeking for informa-
tion; close, confined, stuffy (air, m.c).

a <&-~* jitad, Saffron.

a i)\~*>- jasdrat (v.n. of Daring ; ex-

celling in vigour of mind and intrepidity ;
temerity.

a ). jassds, Curious, inquisitive ; a
great searcher ; also —

a i-L^. jassdeat, A fabulous beast which
spies out and brings news to Antichrist.

a r»\ — jisdm, jusdm, Large-bodied.

A A-U^j. jasdmat (v.n. of Being cor-

pulent, big-bodied ; corpulency, bulkiness ;
body ; dimension.

o u^L^ jusdmi, Corpulence.

a ^ih"* j as ^ v,a ^ ( I0r ^^** J ). The indura-
tion or an organ (med.).

* jasbos, ^j^t- jasbosi, Hypocrisy.
— *• jast, He leaped ; he escaped ; a
leap, jump; — just, He sought; search, in-
quiry.

yls-j,. jastan, Leaping, springing, bound-
ing-

(jjVli-i >. jartdmdan, To cause to leap ; to
cause (wind) to blow; to make (a limb)
palpitate.

t$*~* jastan, To jump, leap, bound,
spring forward ; to fly (as sparks) ; to as-
sail ; to run away ; to rise or blow (as the
wind) ; to palpitate, leap, or beat (as the
heart or pulse), to shake or tremble (a
limb) ; [jastani dil, Palpitation of the
heart (a disease) ; — birtin jastan, To rush
out (m.c.) ;] — justan, To search, seek, in-
quire, ask for, examine, investigate ; to
heap up, accumulate ; to find, acquire.

i**-*- jwst-ju, tsy^~* , ^j* just-
fay, ^ft- ) jusUu-juy, Search and

inquiry, diligent search; — just-juy (Just-u-
juy) kardan, To search diligently.

5 ct-ws- jasUu'char, Jumping and
roaming ; — jast u char ddshtan, To gambol
about (m.c).

^ j >*■■■» » jaet-u-hhet, Starting up and
bounding (as of deer).

a*— <»- jasta, Escaped.

ttn ts—i}. jasta- jasta, Little by little.

a ■»—<>- jasad, The body (of men, genii, or
angels) ; saffron, or anything of that

colour blood ; the calf of the children of
Israel.

a i^s^—^-jasadl, Corporeal, bodily.

jasr, jasar, A ring, a circle (unsup-
ported by examples).

a j—i- jasr, Large, strong (camel) ; brave,
courageous ; tall -,—jasr, jisr, A bridge.

a A^** jasraii daru (for P. iy\>»
q.v.), Gralangal, &c.

<aX— < »- jash, jasak, Trouble ; extreme
enmity.

a f»— jism, A body ; a mathematical
solid ; — jismi dbagi, A liquid ; — jismi sdbit,
A body in a solid state (m.c.) ; — jismi
jamdd'i, Metallic body ; — jismi jauhari,
Constitutional parts ; — jismi hajari, A
stone, a calculus; — jismi haiwdnl, Animal
body ; — jismi shdkht, Horny tissue or sub-
stance (med.) ; — jismi kasif, (The) opaque
body (of a plauet) ; — jismi tndyi', A body
in a fluid state (m.c.) ; — jismi murakkab, A
compound body ; — jismi aabdti, Vegetable
body.

■jus man, A body.
■ jismdni, jusmdni, Corporeal.
jismdniyat, jusmdniyat, Mate-

AO

a <J>
A

riality.

jasmi, A triangular thorny plant.
a o*" *^ jismi, Corporeal.

— =>■ jismiyat, Corporality, materiality,
s- jasidan, To incline, to lean to
(unsupported by examples).
a o~a- T jasis, A spy.
a jasim, Great (indignity) ; bulky,
corpulent; fat; high ground.
jasvna, = Aj-j-Ij*- q.v.
\J*>- jash, A kind of blue bead made of
glass, in colour approaching to that of the
turquoise (worn by common people in rings
and necklaces, and by the children of the
rich as a charm against accidents and the
evil eye).

jashsh (v.n.), Breaking ; grinding;
beating; cleaning (a well).
a *^ 4 >*- jushd', A belch,
ylt* jashdn, A yard for measuring used
by tailors, architects, &c.

a <-r~iW jashb (v.n.), Being coarse (fare) ;
pounding, grinding coarsely ; rendering
ugly and despised ; (also) jashib, Coarse,
homely (food, raiment, Ac).

a jJUf. jashr (v.n.), Turning (cattle) to
grass ; cattle grazing at liberty without
coming home at night.

a gi** jasha', Cupidity, greediness.
a i*^>- jashm, Labouring hard ; — jasham,
A heavy burden, heaviness.

jashn (Z. yasna), A feast, social
entertainment ; convivial meeting ; a solemn
feast ; [jashni buzurg, The sixth day of the
month Parwardin ; the day of Nauroz
(New-Year's Day according to the Persian
calendar); — jashni purdagdn, Five inter-
calary days added to the Persian year; —

jaehni tirydn, The 13th of the month Tir ;
— jashni khurdddgan, The 6th day of the
month IQiurdad jaehni sada, The 10th
day of the month Bah man ;— jashni mard
girdn, The 5th day of the mouth Isfandar ;
(according to others) the first of the last
five days of this month , — jashni maryam,
The food and drink yielded by a tree to
the Virgin Mary jashni nilufar. The l?th
day of the month Khurdad ;] — jashan,
Fever.

jL. jaekti-sdz, New year's day (of the
era Malik).

jashn-gdh, A banqueting hall.
jashni, Fond of feasting ; epicure.
a j-i^-jaehw, A light bow.
a "yi-s- jashf? (v.n. of *U-»-), Being dis-
tressed, being heart-sick from sadness or
tei'ror ; retching, preparing to vomit ; emi-
grating.

a <a>\yAif jashw&t (pi, of jashw), Light
bows.

jashsha, An oil-measure ; — jushsha,
A. sleeve.

a s-> ;~ -» jashib, Coarse, homely (food,
raiment) ; without sauce or relish ; indiges-
tible.

f»-*^- jashir, A weaver.

jashira, A weaver; milk-pottage.

A u*»*-A-t- jashish, Wheat coarsely ground
and cooked in a pot with meat and dates.

jashisha, White, grey (applied to
horses and mules, see o>A~i**).

a j*<? jass, jiss (from P. gach), Plaster,
gypsum, moitar.

a (joW jassds, A maker or vendor of
mortar ; surname of a Hanafi doctor.

g+ ja', A spider (unsupported by exam-
ples).

a **>\*+ji'db (pi. otja'bat), Quivers.
a s-'W^Vafe, A quiver maker or vendor,
a «>W ji'ad (pi. of ja'd), Curly-haired
(men).

a 8jW ja'adat (v.n. of J*=s-), Being crisp,
curly (hair); — abu ja'adat, The wolf.

a jW;i'at, Any cloth -with which they
lift a boiling kettle off the fire.

a &Wji'aZaf, Hire, price, fee.

A ja'b (v.n.), Throwing prostrate ;
turning, inverting.

A ja'ba' , Large, thick (womsn) ; fun-
dament ;—ji'ba,', A throwing on the ground.

a Sol^ ji'bd'at, The fundament ; —
ja'ba'at, A throwing prostrate.

a ELjj^. ji'vbbdt, Ring of the fundament.

a if**- ja'bat, ja'ba, A quiver ; a case, box,
desk (m.e.), a cabinet (m.c.) ; — ja'ba'i saz,
A musical box, a barrel-organ (m.c).

A jt*+ ja'bar, Short (man) ; name of a
man, and of a tribe.

a J**- ja'd, Crisp, curly, short hair ; a
ringlet, a lock of hair, a fringe j of a medium
height ; liberal ; — ja'du'l-asdbi' (-anam.il,
-yad, or -yadairi), Avaricious ; — ja'di an-

( 364 )

gusht, Avarice ; — ja'di tsahmat, Well-
arranged curls; — ja'di edda, Plain, neg-
lected curls ; — ja'di shutur, Hairiness of
the human body ; — -Ja'di qalam, Clotted ink
adhering to the pen ; — ja'di girih-gir, Curl-
ing ringlets; — khaddi ja'd, A cheek-bone
neither small nor smooth (the opposite to
J«~A asil).
a U j*^ ja'd-sa, A wash for curls.
a ja'd-miiy. Curly-haired.

»•>**• ja'da, A sort of drug.
A/** ja'r (v.n.), Dropping excrement;
dung of wild beasts and birds of prey.

a ja'f (v.n.), Throwing prostrate;

rooting up.

a ja'far, A little stream ; a river ;
abounding in milk (camel) ; man's name ;
name of a tribe.

}iM*r ja'far- dbdd, Name of a place near
Shiraz.

a jjU. ja'fari sddiq, Name of an
Imam.

a cit*"?- ja'fari, The finest kind of gold
(called after a celebrated alchemist) ; a
kind of cupola ; a sort of screen (the inter-
stices of the frame being lozenged) ; lattice-
work ; name of a yellow flower ; parsley ;
name of a fortress.

a ja'farlyat. Name of a sect ; name
of a quarter in Baghdad.

a J*?- ja'l (v.n.), Making, creating ;
nominating; calling, declaring; putting,
placing ; counterfeit, forgery ; a dwarf
palm-tree ;—ja'al, Shortness combined with
fatness; quarrelsome ;—ju'l, Hire for do-
ing errands; a bribe ; — ju'al, A black and
ill-Bhaped man ; litigious ; quarrelsome ; a
blackbeetle.
a tj^** ji'ldn (pi. of ju'al), Beetles.

J*»- ja l-eda, Who counterfeits, a

forger.

a (jj^* J** fa'l Fabrication, counter-
feiting, a forgery.

ju'ullaqi, Of the vilest, basest ; a

bastard.

a ,J*=r ja'U, Forged, counterfeit, artificial.
A . j&'ami (v.n.), Desiring greedily;
having a foul appetite (a, man, camel, or
dog) ; wanting an appetite.

tf- jo-gth, The ebon-tree ; a churn-stick ; —
jugh (S. yuga), A yoke for oxen.

*jW jaghdra, jaghaza, A certain

esculent root ; bread made of millet; a. red
paint used by ladies ; the navel of any
beast; name of a town in Persia; a cellar
for preserving grain (this unsupported by
examples).

AJLfc*. jagjiula, A flock of birds ; unripe
fruit.

<-5~f*%- jagAbat, Raw cotton ; quilting;
stuffing.

*^t**+ j a gM>iit, A gut-pudding; raw cot-
ton for quilting.

jaaAjagia, Name of an astringent

Jv** ( 365 )

plant (Frosopis stephaniana) —jaghjagka'i
danddn, Chattering of the teeth.

jitp&d, An owl; battlements; hair
knotted at tbe back of the head.
j**- jag&r, A frog.

it\£r jagkr-aba, A kind of water-moss.

uuiyi* jugkrdt (in the dialect of Samar-
kand), Sour, coagulated milk.

o jugJarafiya, Geography.

jughard, Verdure ; a grove, a boBket.

te~ / ifr jagkrista, A spinning-rope ; a reed
made use of by weavers to wind their
thread upon.

"A j* 9 " j&g&Z'pdra, Ufa j** jagi.z-wd.ra,
Green scum or filth floating on stagnant
water (see

Lr** jagkash, «~iJ<* jaghasht, A particu-
lar esculent vegetable which appears very
early in spring.

*W jagAla, An unbearded youth.

uXu* jag&anak, A kind of bird (see &***).

vitfJut- jagJinut, Cotton used in lining.
jayltna, A large yellow bird.

j** jaghti, A bird resembling an owl (see

>**)■

jaghp, A creBt with which a wrestler
or champion is adorned.

A i_A* jaff, juf, A troop, body (of men) ;
a large number, a multitude ;—juff, An old
worn-out man ; anything hollow ; a large
bucket ; the half of an old leathern bottle
converted into a bucket; the dug-up root,
or the envelope of the flower of a palm-
tree.

a. »to* jafa' (v.n. of y^v), Oppressing,
treating cruelly ; cruelty, oppression, ini-
quity, injustice (construed with dmadan,
bvrdan, justan, didan, ra/tan, Jcardan, kathi-
dan, gustardan, guftan) -—juf a,', Whatever
a torrent carries along with it ; an empty
ship ; gcum, foam ; anything vain or use-
less.

a <&&\ to* jafd-dhang, to* jafd-petha.
Tyrannical ; a mistress.

a j* to* jafd-ju, ^j* to* jafd'juy, One
seeking to oppress, oppressive, cruel, un-
just.

a to* jafd-shi'dr, A confirmed tyrant,
a habitual wrong-doer. ^

a iJto* jafdf (v.n. of «-**), Being dry.

aft to* jafa-kdr, A tormentor, oppres-
sor.

<» <sft ^ jafd-hdri, Oppression, tyranny.
a Jt-i to* jafd-Jcash, Oppressed, bela-
boured.

a to* jafa-kashi, Endurance of op-
pression.

ft US to* jafd-kafd. Trial, hardship, cala-
mity.

a yi-* to* jafd'kegh, Cruel, severe ; a per-
secutor.

a ft to* jafd-gdr, f to* jafd-gar, An op-
pressor, a tyrant.
a Jto* jufdl, Whatever a torrent sweeps

along with it; froth of milk, or of a boil-
ing pot; much wool ; anything plentiful.

A >-i* jaffa 1-qaXam, The reed-pen

has become dry, i.e. what has been written
by fate will not be altered.

*Sto* jafala, A flight of birds.

a yto* jifdn (pi. of jafnat), Trenchers,
large dishes.

k=-A* jaft, Crooked (old man), bent,
doubled ; a trellis ; the roof of a house ;
skin, rind; wrinkled; toasted; a bunch of
grapes ; imp. of jaftan ; [jafti ballut, An
acorn-cup ; an acorn ;] —juft, jift, A yoke ;
a couple, a pair, a yoke (of oxen) ; an even
number ; a fellow, a match ; a mate, hus-
band or wife ;—juft dwardan, To unite ; to
ally ; — juft budan, To be joined, associated ;
— jvfti janin, The placenta ; — juft ehudan,
To join, to become equal with ; to have
sexual intercourse; — jufti falak, The sun
and moon ; — jufti muqauwas, An arch, a
porch.

jaftd, Inclined, bent, curved.
J^isr jufat-dfrtd, Satyrion.
ftff ki~A* juft-chahdr, A kind of back-
gammon (m.c).

jU. ts~»* juft-sdz, One of the kinds of
music.

<*Ua* jaftak, A heron ;—juftak, A sort of
bird that is said to have but one wing, on
the opposite side to which the male has a
hook, and the female a ring, so that when
they fly they are joined, and separate only
when they are on the ground.

j\S uusA* juft-gdv, A ploughing ox.

t^&tf* jaftagi, Curvature.

1^54* jaftan, To turn the mind ; to be in-,
clined, bent, curved, or crooked; to prop (a
vine) ; to grow worse and worse (an affair) ;
— juftan, To be inclined, bent.

&sA* jafta, Bent, curved ; a cupola, vault ;
a prop, vine-arbour ; the roof of a house ;
a young vino-shoot ;—jufta, The buttocks,
the space between the haunches ; a kick
made by an animal with his two hind feet;
a knot ; — jufta'i (jafta'i ?) raz, A trellis for
vine ; — jufta zadan, To wince ; to kick ; to
throw the rider ; to commit pederasty.
4^4* jufta-bdzi, Pederasty.

(j^A* jufti, Parity, equality ; coupling,
pairing; copulation.

yju^A* jaftidan, To bend ; to prop (a
vine).

a t-iLj^jajjaf High ground, though not
very steep ; low land ; an extensive flat ; a
violent wind ; doting, talkative ; tbe noise
of a marching army.

a j** jafr, A lamb or calf four months
old (when it begins to ruminate) ; doe-skin
parchment for writing ; the art of divining
from certain characters written by Ali upon
a camel's skin, which contains all events,
past, present, and future ; according to
others, the art of making amulets or

( 366 )

A

charms, said to originate with the Imam
Ja'far Sadiq ; (for jafraf) a, well not filled
up, or partially filled up ; a well at Mecca.

ii-jA*. jafrasla, jafrista, Spinning thread ;
tongs (see

a f^jki- jafri, Adept in the art jafr (see
jh- above) ; — jufarra, The spathe of the
female palm.

a jafariyat, A city founded by Muta-
wakkil, the tenth of Abbaside khalifs; a
palace there.

y^jjL^. jafs&nldan, To cause to stick or
adhere (cans, of the following).

qa*~&t jafmdan, To Btick, to adhere (see
O-V*^ and yj^^A^).

a jafi (v.n.), Voiding dung (an ele-
phant) ; peeling, stripping ; picking (a
bone) ; shovelling away (dirt) ; casting up
(fish) on the shore (the sea) ; driving (a
cloud) about (wind) ; stirring up and
driving off (an ostrich) ; running swiftly
(an ostrich) ; to be entangled (hair) ; a
rainless cloud ; a small ant ; — jifl, Ele-
phant's dung.

A jafn, The eye-lid ; a root or shoot
of the vine ; a sort of grape ; a place near
Ta'if ;•— also jifn, The sheath (of a sword).

jafn, A sword (unsupported by ex-
amples).

A. kb* jafnat, A large dish, a trencher ; a
liberal man ; a small well ; name of a
tribe.

<i&A> jafang, Futile, frivolous; bosh,
nonsense (m.c).

tj&A* jafangi, Absurdity, frivolity.

uuUSUA*. jafangiydt (pi, of the preceding),
Absurdities, frivolities.

a iJii,. jafna, The sheath of a sword ; a
platter, dish.

a jafni, Palpebral,

a 8j4»- jafwat, jifwat, Cruelty, iniquity,
injustice, oppression.

a j)t+ jufur (v.n. of ys*.), Becoming lan-
guid (a stallion) ; ceasing to suck (a kid) ;
becoming distended (the sides of the
body).

a >jys»- jufuf (v.n, of «-Af), Being dry.

a i_A«te- jafif, Dry (herbage) ,

<J* &*■ m-pq. Clamour, noise, tumult;
cry of a wounded bird.

«tW jak, Churning; the sentence signed
by the judge; the fifteenth night of the
month tha'bdn, called shabi bardt.

jakdd, Summit of a mountain.

<u.\£tf jakdsha, A porcupine.

t*lU» jakdk, Grapes of an inferior qua-
lity.

j^s- juJcar, Earth ; a violent wind with
rain (dialectal).

jagdd. Name of a bird (otherwise
called J* q.v.) ; summit of a mountain (see

jagdra, Different ways or opinions.
jagdsha, A porcupine.

y-s—Jjc*^* jagtipunistan (in Zand and
Pazand) To write.

J The liver ; the diaphragm ; the
heart ; middle of anything ; sadness, sor-
row ; pity, compassion, sympathy ; expecta-
tion ; power ; measure ; — jigar tdkhtan, To
fear, to be afraid ; — jigar khd'idan, To
grieve, to be afflicted ;— jigar khwurdan, To
grieve, be sorrowful ; to toil, drudge ;—
jigar ddshtdn, To be able, to have the power
of doing a thing -—jigar daridan, To use
the utmost power ; — jigar Bokhtan bar hase,
To feel pity for, to commiserate ; — jigar
leardan, To be brave or bold ; — jigari gurba
khwurdan, To lose something precious ; —
jigari gil. Bowels of the earth, (met.) the
grave ; — ddru'i jigar, Medicine or cure for
the liver ; — dar jigari gil giriftan, To bury
in the ground.

jigar-dshdm, Afflicted, sad.

«*jSTV&»- jigar- dgand, Sheep's guts stuffed.

j/i jigar-dwar, Strong-minded.

**> jigar-band, The liver, lungs, and
heart ; a son ; anything lean and weak j —
jigar -band peshi ssdyli nihadan, To choose
misery for one's portion.

j&t- jigar -tab, Diseased in the liver.

jlj jS<f. jigar-tdz, Afraid, timorous.

tei\s jS,t>- jigar-tdfla, Deeply in love;
hectic.

4< ** J fi** jig&r-tishna, Thirsting, longing.
^rt- jigar-josh, What stirs or moves
the heart powerfully.

t ,_s«^j^ jigarji, A seller of livers, &c.

jigar-kftdy, Afflicted, sorrowful.
A s., * fa. jigar-Miasta, Heart-sore.
Sjlji-jfci. jigar-khwdra, A magician, sor-
cerer ; a fabulous being ; deeply afflicted.

fa jigar-kkwdri, Great affliction or

misery.

fa jigar-ddr, Bold, brave.

fa. jigar-ddri, Boldness, bravery,

valour.

I- fa- jigar-Bd, Wearing away the liver,
afflictive.

fa jigar-aox, Liver-inflaming, tor-
menting.

^jjL-J fat- jigar-fasddi, Disease of liver.

(j&i' fa*, jigar-kash, Pained, afflicted.

i\S fa jigar-gdh, The seat of the liver,
the abdomen ; the bowels.

^ fa jigar-garm, Hectic ; an ardent
lover.

ii,jS fa jigar-gosha, A. corner, lobe of the
liver; the heart; a son;— jigar-gosha' i man.
An affectionate mode of addressing a child
or a mistress, darling.

afajigrana, A kind of crane.

^.fa. jagrunitan (in Zand), To strike.

^fa jagarl, A medicinal Beed ; name of
a plant ; — jigari, Of the nature of liver (as
colour) ; livid ; — 'aqlqi jigari, A cornelian.

£U ^^fa jigari'ddgji, An indelible mark

a natural spot :

( 367 )

inconsolable

or stain
grief.

(j^- ^j^*- jigi jigi, A cry of fear ; an ex-
clamation expressive of surprise or plea-
sure.

<k&&)- jagija, A pot for holding grease.

Js- jal, A lark ; the inside or (according
to some) the outside of the mouth ; the
midst of the sea ; a handle, hilt, haft ;
thread ;—jil, The handle of a knife, &c. ; —

jul (for A. J* q.v.), A liorse-cloth ; a veil
(hung before a sanctuary) ; — juli ab (bah,
pdnl, wamgi,, A green film which floats on
stagnant ponds.

a J* jalla, He was great ; hence the fol-
lowing phrases used in apposition with
kkudd, allah, baqq, God : jalla jalalii~hv,
Exalted be His glory ! — jalla zikru-hu,
Exalted be His name ! — jallu shdnv-hu,
Exalted be His power ; — jalla wa 'aid, May
He be glorified and exalted.

A Js- jail (v.n.), Collecting (camel's
dung) ; the sail of a ship ; — jill, A carpet ;
clothes, garments ;—jwU, A housing, cover-
ing for a horse ; principal or greater part
of a thing ; (from P. gnl) a rose ; a jas-
mine ; any red or yellow flower,

A V jala', Baldness on the forehead; —
jala' (v.n. of fa-), Leaving one's country ;
emigration; driving into exile; brightening,
polishing; making clear and known ; cast-
ing aside (a garment) ; [jala'i watan har-
dan, To quit one's country ;] — jila, Present-
ing a bride to her husband adorned and
unveiled; a colly rium.

a »V jalla, A polisher, scourer ; deter-
gent, detersive, cleansing.

A So5W jala' at (v.n. of %*), Throwing,
prostrating; casting off, flinging away.

sr>V jalab, An ear-ring, a pendant.

a \ T >\>- jil&b, A wallet ; a sword-case; (for
P. gil-db) muddy water; — juldb, Name of
a poet ;—jattdb, One who goes about with
slaves or cattle, who hawks things about
from place to place ; — julldb (from P. gid-
dh), Eose-water ; sherbet ; a purgative.

a v>V jalldb-band, A hawker.

a s-**V jaldbib (pi. of jilbab), Ladies'
veils.

a jaldjil (pi. of ju-ljul), Bells, small
globular bells hung about the heads and
necks of cattle, or round the rims of Ara-
bian drums or cymbals ; (in P.) a horse's
poitrel hung with little bells ; a drum ; a
certain melodious bird; — juldjil, Light,
airy, cheerful.

a th-julakh, A liver filling its bed and
sweeping away all before it.

a jildd (v.n. 3 of iU-), Fighting with
swords ; camels yielding very rich milk ;
large and hard palm-trees.

a jalldd, A skinner; an executioner,
or whipper ; flagellant \—jallddi falak, The
planet Mars.

5oW Sue jald-ddda, Polished, burnished.
a jta V jald-ddr, Bright, lustrous, bril-
liant.

A So^ jaludat (v.n. of ^), Being hard
and strong; hardness; activity, agility,
bravery.

a f \ jalddat-a$ar, w^>\-jalddat-
shi'dr, Hardy, strong; brave; valorous.

a V jald-dihinda, A polisher, fur-
bisher.

a t^Si^. jallddi, Executioner's office ;
cruelty, villainy,

a SjV jildza, A musical note.

\3&jaUa%, An onanist.

ajU'V jald-hdr, A polisher, furbisher.

a j£J«(. jaldgar, A book-binder ; a polisher ;
a glass-grinder; a glaser, cloth-presser.

A JSk-s- jaldl (v.n. of J>), Being great,
illustrious, exalted in dignity and majesty ;
greatness, grandeur, eminence; dignity,
state ; mighty power ; majesty, splendour,
glory ; awe, awfulness ; (abbreviation for
jalaVu 'd-din) a proper name ; [jaldli
hansa-pm, Name of a. cook of Shiraz cele-
brated for preparing the dish harisa ;] —
jilcil (pi. of jull), Housings, horse-cover-
ings ; — juldl, julldl, Great, bulky ; illus-
trious.

A jaldlat (v.n. of J*), = q.v. ;
— juldlat, A large she-camel ;—jalldlat, A
cow that eats dung and spoils her milk.

a jaldli, Great, illustrious, majestic,
glorious ; terrible, awe-inspiring ; an era
reckoned from Jalalu 'd-din (Akbar Shah),
and beginning 1079 a.d. ; — ismi jaldli, One
of the terrible attributes of the deity.

a jalaliyat, Name of a sect who

worships the more terrible attributes of the
deity ; the followers of Jalal Bukhilri ; a
kind of pigeon ; a fine species of wheat.

liWicf jaldnak, A certain game ; a beetle.

^j^W- jildngar, A locksmith.
juldna, A beetle.

y^-jaldv, A wheel (doubtful word).

a ytj V jald-watan, An exile, an emi-
grant.

a^tj \- jald-wata.nl, Emigration, banish-
ment.

'V julldh, juldh, A weaver.

a 43*&=* juldhik, A reel of thread ; a
weaver ; a ball thrown by a ballista, <fcc.

a J£W jald'il (pi. oijalil), Great (things).

a i-r-L. jalb, jalab (v.n. of s-V), Drawing,
attracting; bringing, fetching; driving
cattle, slaves, Ac, for sale; gaining, pro-
viding for a family ; scheming for the acqui-
sition of (m.c.) ; urging on (a horse) ; —
jalab, (Cattle) driven from place to place
for sale ; (in P.) a courtesan; noise, tu-
mult ; fraud, deceit ;—jilb, The curved
timbers of a camel's saddle \—julb, jilh, A
thin, cloud without rain.

^h-jalbd, The beam to which the rope of
a bucket is fixed (doubtful word).

( 368 )

a. vWW jilbdb, A decrepit old man ; a
long veil, a shift, or pelisse worn by the
Eastern ladies ; — jilbdb ehangarf, Red
tulips ; roses.

fc)V*ls>- julbdn, Pease.

A jalabat, Sounds, clamours, mixed
murmurs ; — julbat, The cuticle which grows
over a wound when healing ; leather used
for or in camel's saddles ; adversity.

ftK- j albu, A plant resembling mint.
jalbub, Ivy.

•jSiyJuj. jilbakang, Seed of a yellow flower.
jilbets, An informer, make-bate ; a
halter; picked, chosen (see XjV).

a. jallat, jillat, jullat, The dung (of
camels or sheep) ; — jillat, Great personages,
lords, leaders ; — jullat, A date- basket (made
of palm leaves), a hamper.

a jallat, Third person fern of Js-,
q.v. ;— jallat Mkmatu-hu, Great is His wis-
dom, may His wisdom be exalted.

Wta. jalta (in Zand), The skin of man or
beast.

jUL,. jaltdq, Wild sorrel.

iXxl,. jalatka, A waistcoat (m c).

a juljul (in P. jaljal, jiljal), Little
bells appended to the neck (of a eamel) ;
also those which are hung round about
the rim of a tambourine ; a certain melo-
dious bird j light, airy, cheerful ; name of
a place.

a ySj^JL,. juljulan. Coriander-seed ; se-
Bame seed ; the innermost heart (=
(q.v.) ; — juljulani habauhi, Seed of the black
poppy ; — juljulani misrl, A certain poison-
ous plant ; the Egyptian lotus.

A fSs-jalh (v.n.), Cropping (as cattle the
leaves of trees) ; peeling, barking (a tree) ;
— jalah (v.n.), Being bald on the sides of
the head ; baldness ; — juttah, (An ox) with-
out horns, dodded.

a olq. jald (v.n ), Striking, lashing, whip-
ping ; forcing against the will ; biting (as
a serpent) ; lying with ; onanism ; hard,
strong (man) ; penis ; quick, active, brisk ;
hasty, rash, precipitate ; fierce; soon, with-
out delay ;—jalad, Hard level ground;
camels or sheep that neither breed nor give
inilk ; — jild, The skin, hide, leather; bind-
ing (of a book) ; volume, book.

a JkW jald-bdz, Expeditious, fleet, hasty ;
an active man.

a jjjVj j^i- jald-bassl, Haste, speed, de-
spatch; activity, agility ; precipitation.

■iM jJL*. jald ba-jald, Quickly, speedily.

a Aii jild-band, jildsdx, A book-

binder.

a ^Ju* jild-bandi, jL». jild-sdzi,

Book -binding.

a Sj^W- jaldat, A whipping.

a pAi jald-qadam, Swift of foot, fleet.

a j£sl*r jild-gar, A book-binder.

a $\y aJU- jald-mizdj, Hasty, precipitate ;
quick-tempered.

jaldu, juldu, A reward ; a gift from
a great personage.

a ijM*- jaldi, Speed, haste, quickness,
swiftness ; expedition, despatch ; precipi-
tation, rashness, abruptness, impetuosity ;
— jildi, Referring or belonging to the skin,
cutaneous.

a jils, A companion, comrade, mess-
mate ; a guest.

A W julasd' (pi. oijalis), Companions.

a 0 ' -^ jalsa-hJiatibi, The sittiDg

down of the khatib (preacher) between the
readings of the first and second khutbah,

a ft— W jilsdm, A pleurisy.

a jalmt, jalsa, A sitting, meeting;
society ; posture, situation, seat, post, state,
bearing; social gathering; committee;—
jalsa'i umard, Assembly of nobles ; senate;
House of Lords \— jalsa'i hdlcim ('addlat),
The bench ; a tribunal.

a i^Ns!"*- <> — k- jaha-fchatibi, = ^— W,
q.v.

a U^j'aif (v.n.), Drawing (a sword).

A jal' (v.n.), Pulling ofE clothes ; —
jala' (v.n.), Being uncovered (the front
teeth) ; being shameless (a woman).

ajyi*- jaltfhpza, A nut resembling the
pistachio ; — jalghoza i hindl, A kind of
wild fruit ; seed of onion.

a < — aJUs- jalaf (v.n.), Striking (with a
sword) ; plucking, tearing up, uprooting ; —
jalaf, jilf. Hard, severe, churlish, mean; a
miser; — jilf. Any empty vessel, pot or pan ;
an animal disembowelled, and skinned;
anything empty in the middle.

jilf. Silly, trifling ; fearless (see the
preceding).

a jWLj. julfdr (for P. gul-paf), A village
near Mary; (also jullafdr) a town in
' Uman,

T ijfa-jalq, Masturbation, onanism i—jalq
zadan, To onanise, pollute oneself.

(jl<i- julq, The thousand and eightieth
part of an hour, or -jo-s-j^th part of a night
and day.

jalah, A small melodious bird.
julkd, Territory, level ground; a

plain.

t)\&*. jalkdra, IJSX? julgdra, Opposite
ways or opinions.

julfoih, juHca, Territory, level
ground ; a plain (also julgdh, &3\

jnlga).

a jahn (v.n,), Cutting; — jilm. The
tallow of sheep.

{X*- jilm, Name of a country in the
Pan jab.

3Y tfUV jalmdsa, A cucumber.

a J^W jalmad, A huge stone ; a stern
man.

a joXcr jullandr, julndr (P. j^), Pome-
granate-flowers.

Sjt-f^ii^- jalanjuja, Wild mint.

jiling. Jingling of chains and the

f 369 )

like ; a land of silken stuff wrought with
gold and silver or not ; stalk of cucumbers,
gourds, melons, and the like ; a shrimp.

i-^-jalw (v.nO, Leaving a place, emi-
grating.

jalau, pop. jilau, A horse-bridle ;
rems ; a horse led for parade ; in front of,
before, forward (m.c.) ; [jilau andakhlan
(dadan, rvil kardan), To give the reins ; —
jilau ch&dir, In front of the tent; — jilau
kase raftan, To go towards, to attack; —
jilau giriftan, To seize the reins, or in front,
to stop;] — jala, jilu, julii, A roasting- spit ;
brisk, saucy ; ill-tempered.

ob^. jalwdi, Ill-temper, bad disposi-
tion,

jilwaz, A sergeant or attendant on
the collecter of tribute or revenue.

y*f jW- jalu-dhan, An iron spit.

A i)W jaltvat; jilwa (v.n. of jW), Present-
ing a bride to her husband adorned and
unveiled ; the meeting of the bride and
bridegroom; the nuptial bed; the bridal
ornaments ; splendour, lustre, effulgence,
transfiguration jilwa, dadan, To dress (a
bride) ; to adorn, adjust, polish ; — az jilwa
andakhtan, To deprive of lustre, to take
away from the appearance (m.c.)-

V^? ifa- jalfi-chob, A wooden spit.

yU. ^ jilau-khan, Front, facade of a
house (m.c).

jaliid, A city ; a village.

a «>y»- julud (pi. of jild), Skins, hides ;
pence.

jilau-dar, Who runs by the aide of
a rider holding to the bridle ; an attendant,
a groom.

jilau-res, At full speed ; swiftness,

haste.

jal'iiz, Sjji.> jalma,, The pistachio-nut.
a jjW jillam, A filbert-nut ; bold ; ro-
bust.

a y^yk- julus (v.n. of tj~l*-), Sitting' • sit-
ting down to table ; accession to the throne,
coronation; state, pomp; (pi, of jalis)
sitters, men sitting together ; — juliis hctr-
dan, To sit, to sit down ; to ascend the
throne.

a (^j-jW julusl, Of the beginning of a
reign, relating to the accession.

a JjW- jalul (pi. oijall), Sails of ships.

a pSjW jalauld', Name of a Persian vil-
lage.

■*i}W jalwand, A lamp, a candle.
uOijL;. jalunak, Melon or cucumber-
stalks.

a Sjl^ jilwa (see A. SjW), Sple2idour;
blandishment, loveliness ; (met.) the world.

a ijW jiltca-badast, Possessed of

loveliness.

a ks~4H,» jilwa-bihiskt, Of heavenly
splendour ; a paradise of loveliness.

a ^Ujs lijU jilwa-parddz, Of perfect love-
liness ; of consummate splendour.

a <Ui tifa. jilwa-pana.il, Resplendent, lus.
trous.

a jy» jilwa-tarai, Adorned with love-
liness ; resplendent.

a J* } ji ifa. jilwa-farosh, Coquettish,

a yU5 i^. jilwa-kunan, Clear, manifest,
conspiraous, splendid.

a aVS s^W. jilwa-gdh, A bride's apartment,
in which she is unveiled by her husband ;
the world.

ojW a^l*. jilwa-guzar, Of penetrating
splendour.

a jZ iyW jilwa-gar, Manifest, conspicuous.

a <sf l r* jHwagafh Conspicuity, splen-
dour; blandishment, loveliness.

a ck— • s^Ls- jilvm-mast, Intoxicated with
blandishments.

a d\i «jW jilwa-nak, Eesplendent.

(j^-jalm, A mincing gait; who walks
with such ; suite.

jalwlt, jil-wij, juheix, A bridle-rein ;
picked, chosen; a sycophant, informer; —
julwie, Leader of infantry ; a mercenary
judge._

julla, A fungus ; a basket, canister ;
a ball of thread ; a date-tree a jar, drink-
in g-vessel; (for julldk) a weaver; confine-
ment (of a woman, this meaning unsup-
ported by examples).

a &W- jalh, jalah (v.n.), Experiencing a
partial loss of hair on the forehead.

jalhi, The foetus of an animal
(doubtful).

a (jjW jali, Clear, manifest, evident;
bright, shining, resplendent ; large, plain
(hand- writing) ; distinctly-sounded (letter);
— f a $H ja>li, The season before the com-
mencement of the rains in which a crop
of rice is cut (in India).

a jallyat, Anything clear, manifest,
lucid ; true intelligence.

&tx ^>- jalitqa, A waistcoat (m,c ).

a -iiM-jaiid, Frost, hoar-frost, ice-

^•^sV jalidqa, A wtiistcoat (m.c).

sXjW jalida, A bone ring worn by archers,
a thumb-stall,

a &t JieW jalidiya, The crystalline lens,

)<iW jaliz, A halter ; a mischief-maker.

a { j~±>i- jails, A companion, comrade,
guest, chum.

uii-i^ jaUTc, A pot, a tub (for flowers,
m.c).

a jaM, Great, glorious, illustrious ;
the plant siimclm, used in covering houses
or fencing tents ;—jalllu 'l-i'tibdr, Greatly
revered ;—jaKlu 'l-qadr. High in dignity,
august, illustrious.

a jj^- julail, A horse-cloth ; a covering
for a camel-litter ; name of a man who
kept many cats.

jam (Z. yirna, S. yama), Name of an
ancient king of Persia, whom they confound
with Solomon and Alexander the Great ;
a monarch, a great king ; the pupil of the

47

( 370 )

j 4 *

eye ; the second of the ten intelligences ;
pure, free, exempt ; essence, nature, person ;
name of a place in the province of Tazd.

a jamrn, Water solleeted, or flowing
into a well ; a mass of water ; a mass,
a multitude, a mob ; much, abundant ;
[jammi giafir, A great multitude ;]— /£»nm,
A devil, devils ;—jumm, A kind of shell-
fish, a shell.

a "W jamman, In. a heap, crowd, pell-
mell.

a »W jamma', A sheep without horns,
dodded.

a jamdjim (pi. of jttmjumat),

Skulls ; chieftains.

a cW jimdh, (v.n. of c*>), Being res-
tive, refractory (a horse) ;—jummdh, A
round-headed arrow with which boys learn
to shoot.

tW jam&kjfi, A bridle, a curb (unsup-
ported by examples).

a Su^-jamdd, A dry season ; ground un-
watered by rain ; anything not growing
or increasing, inorganic ; a fossil ; [jamd-
du 'Ukaff, Frozen-handed, i.e. avaricious ;]
— also jimdd, A sort of garment.

a mUU* jamdddt (pi, of jamdd), Mine-
rals, fossils.

a jumada, Name of two months

(the fifth and sixth) of the Arabian year;
— jwmdda 'l-uld (-auwal, supplying ehahr,
month), Jumada the First; — jumada. 'I-
ukhrd (dkhir) , Jumada the Second.

a jumddi, Inanimate, inorganic.

A.]u*-jimdr (pi. ol jamrat), Small stones
(thrown in the solemnities of Mecca) ; —
jvmmdr, The pith of a palm-tree.

a jW jammdz, Quick (camel).

A SjW jummdmt , jummaza, Quick-travel-
ling (she-camel) ; dromedary.

a y^U> jum'Mdzagmi (pi. of the P. form
of the preceding), Camels, dromedaries ;
swift messengers.

y^jjW jammdzwdn, Camel-keeper or
leader.

ft^Ji jam-isparm, A creeping plant.

jamtish, Cheerful, sprightly; a de-
ceiver, cheat ; deceit ; drunken ; jollity,
mirth, impudence ; drunkenness, revelry,
riot ; fierceness, roughness ; decorator,
ador ner ; [jamdshdni qui, Fl o wer- gatherers ;]
—jammdsh, An amorous glance.

A gW jimd' (v.n. 3 of 5**), Concubitus,
coitus ; all, universal ; a multitude 5 sum
total, whole ; a large cauldron ; — jimd'u 'I-
ism, Wine; — jimd' dddan (kardari), To
copulate; — jimd'i nd-ja'iz, Illicit inter-
course.

a iicW jamd'at, A crowd, troop, body ; a
heap, collection ; a meeting, assembly,
council, congregation ; a faction ; a class,
order, rank ; — jamd'ati sanad-ydfta, An in-
corporated company, a corporate body ; —
jamd'ati muttafiqa, An association.

a ia»cU». jamd'at-ddr, A leader of
troops.

a JW jamdl (v.n. of J*»), Being fair,
comely, becoming ; elegance, beauty, grace
(of body or mind) \--jimdl (pi. of jamal),
Full-grown camels ;—jumdl, Very hand-
some ;~—jammdl, A camel-owner or driver.

a yU-JU^ jamdlistdn, A place abounding
in beauties.

JW jamdl-log (jamdli log),
jamdlilg, Name of a famous robber.

a JW jamdli, Amiable, lovable (attri-
bute of divinity (in opp. to jaldli, terrible).

a |«W jamdm (v.n. of ,**), Besting (an
exhausted stallion or jaded horse) ; rest ;
— jamdm, jimdm, jumdm, Fulness (of a
cup, &c).

jumdn, A kind of wood, the exterior
of which is black, and the inside of a pista-
chio-green (see jyW J*J).

a jumdn, A pearl ; a globule of
silver resembling a pearl.

ajWj. jumdm, The middle (of an assem-
bly, &c).

jamdni, A cupbearer.

a js*W jamdhir (pi. of jumhfir), Eepub-
lics, commonwealths ; states, nations ; —
jamahlri nasdrd, The Christian republics.

a jammat, A reservoir of water; a
well full and overflowing ; a crowd, troop;
— jummat, Hair flowing over the shoulders.

•syt+s- jamtud, Exulting in, reviewing with
complacency, good deeds done by oneself.

jam-jdh, Place of assembly ; whose
dignity or majesty is like Jam (for Jam-
shed) ; imperial.

a jumjum, A kind of shoe, the

under part made of rags, the upper of
string, worn by dervishes.

a jumjwmat, jamjama, The skull ;

a wooden cup ; a well dug in a brackish
place.

a jamh (v.n.), Being refractory,
vicious (horse) ; being self-opiniated.

a jamd (v.n.), Freezing, congealing
(water or blood) ; congelation ; connection;
—jamad, Ice, snow, anything congealed or
rigid ; — jumd, jumud, jamad, High ground ;
— jamadi chlnl, Native alkaline salt.

} \±+t>. jamddr (for jama-ddr), Keeper of
the wardrobe (honorific office and title).

jamdar (said to be derived from
jamb, Side, and dar, Rending), A kind of
weapon.

k j**)- jamr (pi. oi jamrat), Live coals.
a vAj+s- jamardt (pi. of jamrat), Live
coals.

a jamrat, jamra, One live coal ;
gravel or small pebbles ; heat from the
ground ; vapours, warm exhalations rising
out of the earth in the spring ; a skin-
disease ; a tribe united amongst themselves
but mixing with others ; a sacred solemnity
or peregrination performed in the valley of

( 371

Mina, near Mecca, in which they def y and
throw stones at a, figure representing the
devil.

cSr**- jarnri, jumri, jimri, Poor, mean ;
turbulent (see 8j-«W-t)-

jamrTwar, = )fiy**?- below, of which
it is probably a misreading.

A y*+ jamz (v.ri.), Travelling quick (a
camel).

jamziwar, A horse white of face,
belly, and two of his feet.

jams, Ice ; — jamas, Little eminences
in a garden.

a jamast, jamist, A coarse blue

gem, said to prevent intoxication or to
produce pleasant dreams ; a low, mean,
illiterate person.

a {jr~»* jamsh (v.n.), Shaving (the head) ;
milking with the tips of the fingers ; a low
voice, soft voice ; making love.

a jamash, An eye-glance; the turn
of the eye and outstretched neck {of rapa-
cious birds when going to seize their prey).
.U***)- jamskdgb, Solomon; Jamshed.

uilU^j. jamshdk, jamshak, A shoe.

V * is i jamshed, Name of a Persian king ;
—jamshedi mahi, jamshedi mdhl-glr, The
son in Pisces ; Solomon ; the prophet
Jonas.

jamehediin, Solomon; Jamshed,
a Persian king.

a jam' (v.n.), Collecting, assembling,
bringing together ; an assemblage, congre-
gation, gathering ; the concourse of people
at Muzdalifa on the occasion of the pilgri-
mage; conjunction; accumulation, aggre-
gate, amount, sum total ; (in arithmetic)
addition (jam'-murakkab, Compound ad-
dition) ; the plural number (jam'i qillal.
Plural of paucity ; — jam'i kasrat, Plural of
multitude ; — jam'u l-muzakkar, Masculine
plural ; — jam'i musahhah, Sound plural ; —
jam'i mukassar, Broken plural jam'u 'l-
mu' annas, Feminine plural) ; capital, prin-
cipal, stock, assets; a fund; outlay, cost
price ; the credit side of an account, credit ;
collections, receipts ; proceeds of land ; the
government revenue; assessment of the land
revenue ; assessment (jam'i abwab, Rent of
land in India fixed at a subsequent period
to the time of the Emperor Akbar ; — jam'i
asl, Original rent of land as rated in the
reign of Akbar or at some remoter period ; —
jam'i kdmil, Revenue that has remained un-
altered for many years ;— jam'-mahal-mir-
bahr, Port duties, an account of the same ;
— jam'-mufassil, The aggregate amount of
the different sources of revenue ; — jam'-
wdsil-bdqi, An account stating the rental
collections, balances, and arrears of a dis-
trict or province ; — jam' u kharch, An ac-
count of receipts and disbursements, account
current) ; — jam' dmadan, Coire ; to be
collected (m.c.) ; — jam' awardan, To gather,

collect ; — jam' bastan, To join, to collect ; — ■
jam' bMan, To be assembled, gathered to-
gether ; — also jam' shudan, To be tran-
quil, secure ; — jam' kardan^ To assemble,
bring together, collect (m.c.) ; — jam'i
lashkar kardan, To muster an army -—jam'i
mal kardan. To acquire riches ; — aiyami
jam', The days of Mina; — 'aqlat-rd ba-sarat
jam' kun, Collect the wits in your head,
gather your wits together (m.c.) ; — yaumi
jam', The day of judgment ; the day of
'Arafat.

a jwma'dt (pi, of jaw'), Collections-,

additions ; receipts ; accounts, &c.

a 5*3- jam'-afgani, Unfailing bow-

mans hip.

a jl^t jam'-andde, An archer whose
arrow never misses.

* c5 J -'* jam'-bandi, An account of the
quantity of land and number of houses in
a district ; the settlement of an assessment
a rent-roll.

a jun'at, jum'a, A handful ; Friday,
the day of worship among Muharomadaas
when they assemble in the great mosque.

Sj*- fi**- jam'-kharj, An account of re-
ceipts and disbursements ; cash account j
account current,

a u-»y sy- jam'-kharj-nawis, A book«
keeper, an accountant.

a jawt'-dar, A native officer df the

army so called ; the head of any body, as
guides, harkaras, &c. (in India) .

a ^a*** jam'-ddri, Rank of Jam'dar.

a y\<>**=s- jam'da/n, A traveller's scrip.

a jJ-e jam-fadar, The revenue assess-
ment settled directly with the government
by the proprietors or contractors.

a (^"jk jam'-ttlmdri, A rent-roll.

jum'agl, The weekly allowance
to school-boys paid on a Friday ; also the
present then given by thorn to their tutor.

a j^jW i.n*ct jum'a-bazdr, A Friday's market
(which should be visited only after prayer,
i.e. in the later part of the day).

a ij**'?- jam'i, A total, assembly, a many.

a ia**^ jam'iyat, A collection ; a collected
state ; composure, tranquillity ; the num-
ber of inhabitants of a place (m.c.) ; —
jam'iyati khdf.ir, Peace of mind.

a <uU ka^s**"?- jam'iyat-k]tdna, Audience-
hall.

a t\S is-e**^ jam'lyat-gdh, A rendezvous.
t J,****, jumaqddr, A mace- bearer (see

a j^!*^ jamgard, Name of an earthly
paradise mentioned ia the Saddar, written
by Zardusht.

a jaml (v.n.), Collecting ; melting
(fat) ;—jamal t jaml, A camel ; a large salt-
water fish ; — juml, jumal, A cable ; — jumal,
Addition ; the whole, aggregate, sum ; —
jummal, A cable; addition ; — hisdbijummal,
The reckoning of the alphabet by abjad.

( 372 )

a fiUs- jumlat, jumla, Sum, whole, total,
aggregate ; a complete proposition, a sen-
tence; — jumla'i ismiya, A nominal sentence
— jumla'i shartiya, A conditional sentence
— jumla'i sifatiya, A qualifi.cat.ive sentence
— jumla'i fi'liy a, A verbal sentence ; — jum
la'i muta'arriza, A parenthetical senteuce
— jumla'i kd'indt, The universe, all crea-
tures, everything ; — jumla'i lashkar, The
whole army ; — az an jumla, From, out of
the whole j — bi 'I jumla, In substance, upon
the whole ; — 'ala 'l-jumla, On the whole; —
ji'l jumla, In short, in substance ; a little;
— min jumla, From, out of the whole.

a u^U^ jumlagi, jumlahi, Univer-

sality, totality ; all.

a jamam (v.n. of j**), Having no
spear (a man) ; being without hornB, dodded
(sheep) ; having no battlementB (a build-
ing).

jamand (for jdy-mand), A slow
horse ; slow, weak, languid.

&±+=>- jamuna (S. yamund), The river
Jumna.

a Z)*^jamu h, Restive, refractory ; — jumah
(v.n. of Being restive ; being head-

strong and leaving her husband's house
without leave ; hastening, being in a hurry.

a Jfvt- jumud (v.n. of J***-), Becoming
frozen (water) ; congelation, freezing,
frost ; — jumiidi mafsil, Stiffness of a joint ;
— jumudi na'sh, Rigidity of a dead body.

\J>y*^- jamtlsh, A restive horse (see ,Ji»j*&.).

a \]y*=>- jamul, A tnelter of fat.

a (•}*■>- j annum, A brim-full well ; a horse
always ready for a fresh run ; — jumum (v.n.
of ji=-), Abounding with water (a well) :
drawing near (time).

a '^v*^ jamharat (v.n. of j^**), Collecting ;
the title of a highly -esteemed philological
treatise by Ibn Duraid.

jiv**- jamhalu, jamahM, A kind of grain.

)f<c**>- jamhur, Name of an Indian king.

a jyt**? jumhur, A high heap of Band ; a
large gathering of people ; the populace; a
community; all, universal; a republic
(m.c.) ; — umurij umhiir, Public or state af-
fairs.

a ^yt**- jamhurl, Old wine ; wine three
years old ; wine reduced by cooking to a
third or half; — jumhiiri, Republicanism
(m.c.) ; the president of a republic ; — jum-
hiiri' i ruzh (for Fr. rouge), Red republican-
ism ; a red republic (m.c).

^y^j. jamitunitan (in Zand and Pa-
zand), To die.

jamld, A register of the kings of
India ; (for jumddd) the fifth Arabian
month (doubtful word).

a jam%z, The wild fig.

a Qs**- jamV, Collected, assembled ; an
army ; a family of Arabs mustered together ;
all, whole, universal.

a *Vs*> jami'an, In whole, altogether.

a jami'at, A concourse, etc. (see

&****>■).

a J***- jamil, Beautiful, elegant ; good,
fair; becoming; — jumail, The nightingale
(little beautiful) ; name of a woman.

a 4.1#*9- jamila, — the preceding ; — vmuri
jamila, Good things; — ausafi jamila, Good
qualities ; excellent talents.

jan, A side, part, quarter ; towards ;
(in the dialect of Astarabad for zan)
woman.

a jann (v.n.), Covering, veiling (dark-
ness) ; burying ; being demoniacal ;— jinn,
vulg. jin, A demon ; an angel, spirit,
genius ; a pari or fairy ; a hobgoblin ; the
heart ; a blossom ; anything new ; a begin-
ning.

sjW janab, A threshold ; a contract ;
the bolt of a door ; — janab, jundb, A saddle-
cloth ; the flap of a saddle ; a stirrup-
leather.

a v>W janab, Side, margin, brink ; an
inner court, yard, vestibule; threshold; a
place of refuge, hence, aa a title of respect,
your honour, excellency, majesty, Ac. ;
power, dignity, dominion ; [jandbi dqdas
ildhi, The most holy divine majesty (m.c.) ;
—jandbi jaldlat-ma'db, Glorious and august
majesty ; — jandbi hakim, Your Excellency,
Doctor (m.c.) ; — jandbi 'all, jandbi muba-
rak, Expressions used for you in addressing
persons of high rank ; — jandbi man, My
dear Sir (m.c.) ;]— jundb, Pleurisy.

a jandbdn (P. pi. of the preceding),
Excellencies, reverences, etc. (m.c.).

A^tW jandbat (v.n. of s-^), Being a
foreigner or stranger ; coming amongst,
or living with, strangers ; loss of sperma ;
ceremonial uncleanness.

i»W jandba, A game for stakes ; — jundba,
Twins.

a SW jandt, Plucked, newly-gathered
(fruit) ; — jundt (pi. of jdni). Gatherers,
pluckers ; sinners.

A cuU^ janndt (pi. of jannat), Gardens,
groves, paradises.

a jandh, Wing, fin, pinion ; the arm ;
the armpit ; the side ; wing of an army ;
(with Nizatni and Firdausi) advanced
guard ; (in P. jundh) name of a flower,
Elephant's ear (see Ji>jf J**) ;— jundh, A
crime, sin.

tUj. jandkh, The pommel of a saddle (see
gU>) j — jundkh, A large can.

*jW jindza, jandza, A bier with a corpse
on it, a bier; a funeral; a corpse.

a <^)) 4 jW jandza-rawdn, A horse.

a ijUj. jandza-kash, Drawer of a bier.

£W jandgh., A contract, bargain ; the
breast-bone of a bird ; the bow or pommel
of a saddle ; — jundgh., An outside covering
of a saddle (made of a leopard's skin) ; a
surcingle ; a stirrup-leather ; the flap of a
saddle ; a cup; a sturgeon.

( 878 ) '

junaq, The flap of a saddle (see the
preceding).

a^jandn (for zandn), Women.

a yU^-jandrt (v.n. of ^-), Growing dart;
a dart night ; the heart ; a garment ; a
great crowd \-~jinan (pi. of jannat), Gar-
dens with trees, paradise.

a (jjWjwmtw, Demons, devils, genii.

a jana'ib (pi. of janib),Led horses.

a kWjinayai (v.n. of ^j**), Committing
a crime ; a crime, iniquity, offence ; remorse
for sin ;—jindyat bar dan, To commit a
crime.

a yU.. U»- jindyat-sat an, A tax-gathere r.

a (jjUi etoW jindyat-fishdn, A spreader of
crime or injustice.

a_)JU v janaSit (pi. of jandsat), Corpses;
biers.

a s-** jamb, A side, part ; a tract of
country; [sahib bi 'l-jamb, A fellow-traveller;]
—janab (v.n.), Halting, limping, leaning to
one Bide in walking ; adhering to the sides
(the lungs from thirst) ; leading a spare
horse in a race, on which the rider may
spring in case the one on which he is
mounted is likely to be beaten ; — janib,
One who keeps out of the way to avoid
meeting and inviting a stranger; — jnnub,
A Btranger, foreigner, guest; polluted, de-
filed, in a state of ceremonial impurity.

janab, A city where swordB are
made and whoBe inhabitants are renowned
for good nature and hospitality.

jumbdn, Trembling, shaking, stir-
ring, moving ; melting.

a qV^. junuban (P. pi. of junub), Pol-
luted.

a^iLjj.,. jumbanldan, To cause to move,
to Bhake, to wag ; to rock (a cradle) ; to
shake or churn (milk) ; — mri riza jumbani-
dan. To assent, to consent; — gosh u dum
jumbanldan, To wag ear and tail, to fawn
like a dog (m.c).

a jambat, A side, part j a with-
drawal, secession.

o oLj^c s-jj*. jamb-junibdn, With quaking
sides.

■M* jumbad, A vault, arch ; a caper j —
mmbid, A rose.

jumbish, Motion, agitation ; ges-
ture; work, occupation; — jumbishi aba, The
motion of the planets ; — jumbishi ahhwdsti,
An involuntary movement (opp. to jumbishi
khvidstl, A voluntary movement) ; — jumbish
amadan, To bestir oneself ; — -jumbishi a utval,
The movement of the pen upon the tablet
of the Divine decrees ; the first motion of
the planets setting out from the sign Aries ;
~-jm>ibishi zamin, An earthquake ; — jum-
bishi manishi, A natural, innate, or sponta-
neous movement (as of plants, Ac.) ; —
)wmhish kardan, To move, creep ; — dar in
jumbith, At this instant.

ji-H u "> 'f f jumbish-pazir, Possessed of
motion, movable, moving.

janibalHl, A swing (see jy*^-)

t-u^x?, jumbanda, Any moving thing,
living creature ; creeping thing, reptile ;
venomous insect.

jwniba, = the preceding, of which it
is an abbreviation ; movement, agitation.

a ^j***- jambi, Lateral.

st jumbid, Origany, marjoram.

g-*«-<* junibidan, To move, stir, shake,
vibrate, swing; to beat or throb; to copu-
late.

jumbida, Shaking ; a leaper, an
animal of the chase.

a (^m-v jambain (obi. dual case of jamb),
On either side (m.c).

jambiya, A kind of arms or armour.

a jannat, A garden, set with trees ; a
a grove of palm-trees ; paradise, heaven;
[jannatu'l-bildd, The paradise of regions, an
epithet of Bengal ; — jannaii 'adan (mdwd,
ni'm, na'im), Paradise; — ahdli'i jannat,
The inhabitants of Paradise ;\—jinnai, De-
mons ; angels ; insanity, fury ; — junnat, A
shield.

*^ f^JS uk*** jannat-drdm-gdh, ^tA'S utu*.
jannai-dshydm, <J>£" «^~>*- jannat-makdn,
>j-^ jannat-nasib, Resting, nestled,
placed or sharing in Paradise (a mode of
speaking of deceased princes).

jantar (S. yantra), A kind of musical
instrument used in India ; an astrolabe, or
similar astronomical instrument.

jV J***" jomtar-nawdz, A performer on the
jantar,

a ^Jy*^ janturiya, Centaury.

a jannati, Paradisiacal, heavenly.

l jantiydnd, Gentian ; bitter-wort.

janj, The lowing of oxen.

J janjdl, Crowd, multitude.

yt^- junjar, Shepherd's staff (a herb).

cs\<^ janjak, Clover, trefoil (unsup-
ported by examples).

(jSU^a*. janjandni, A superior kind of
melon ; hence a word used in praise or
(probably ironically) in blame or disparage-
ment.

&*&>-janja, A grape- stone (unsupported
by examples).

a janh (v.n.), Moving the wings ; —
jinh, A side, margin, shore, coast; — jink,
junh, A part or watch of the (night).

jand, Name of a city in Turkistan ; —
jund, Castor, a medicinal substance ob-
tained from the beaver.

a jund, An army, body of troops,
legion ; allies, auxiliaries, fellow-soldiers ;
a city ; genus, species ; — janad, Bough
ground ; stoues resembling mud ; name of
a city in Yaman.
j»jL.\jl!j}. junddsdbur, A city in Persia.

J\a»* janddl (S. chanddla), The vulgar ; a
trifling fellow ; a toper.

( 374 )

x >»•■».> -}At* jundbidaet, jundbi-
dadar, The testicles of a beaver.

janddr, Abbreviation of jWW- q.v.
y** jandar, Clothes, garments.

jjjj?- jandar-khana, A wardrobe.
jandara, The bar of a door ; two
pieces of wood used for smoothing line us, a
calender, mangle ; clownish, boorish, un-
polished.

^SjA^ jandaraji, A presser, pressman.
jjjW jund shapur, Name of a city in
Persia.

Jjl^. jaridal, Name of the messenger
sent by Faridun to the king of Yaman to
demand his daughter in marriage.

a Jau*- jandal, Stone ;—jwnadil, A stony
country.

jys*fc»- jandquq, A demon (unsupported
by examples).

s})±>*- janduq, Name of a medicine.

saa^. junda, A harlot.

j\j s±i+ junda-baz, A fornicator.

a (jAi* jundl, One soldier, a soldier.

ASy*. janar&l, General (m.c).

Jy~JJ JV* janardl-qonsul, Consul-
general (m.c.)

a jins, Genus, kind, stock, sort,
mode ; gender ; goods, movables, articles,
things ; grain, corn ; crop, products ; (in
arith.) practice; [jinti adnd, An inferior
article ;—jin»i unwal, Superior goodB, first-
rate; — jinsi basilar, The human race; — jinsi
digar, The fundament; — jinsi a'ld (kamil),
(in commerce) An article that fetches a full
price; — jinsi kam ma-khar (kam ma-ydb),
Unsalable goods ; — abnd'i jins, Sons of
the same Btock, belonging to the same class,
kind or rank; — ismijins, A generic or inde-
terminate noun ; — har jins, Every kind
janaa, The freezing (of water, &c).

a yU—i*- jinistdn, Fairyland.
a jins-khdna, A warehouse.

a )\j~>+. jins-wdr, According to kind or
species, <fcc. \~jim-war jam'-bandi, Account
of revenue assessed at certain rates accord-
ing to the produce or crops raised.

a ^y^f jinswdri, Separately, specifi-
cally.

a, jinsi, Generic, generical ; in kind,
in goods.

a < E a~- w jinslyat, Correspondence of kind,
race, or genus, a generic state ; homo-
geneousness.

jinti, jintln, Name of a king

of Illyria, after whom the gentian is said
to be called.

l Uyait). jintiy&nti, The herb gentian.

A janaf (v.n.), Deviating (from the
right way) ; swerving ; inclining.

j-to*- janfaj, Hedge-mustard (Erysimium
officinale).

1 (jS^j. janqi, A. consultation, council.

ufi»i.»£^. jinksanak, A honorary title of a

Mongol prefect or governor ; — jink-sanaM,
The dignity of prefect.

W)^>- jankus, Convalescent (see d>j£j+).

*sw» jang, War, battle, combat, engage-
ment, fight, skirmish, rencounter ; brawling,
squabbling, litigating ; [jang dwardan
(-paiwasian) , To wage war; — jang ddnistan,
To possess the science of war ; — jang du
ear ddrad, War has two heads, i.e. two
issues (flight or victory) ;—jangi sdhktagl, A
sham fight ;—jang Jeardan, To make war, to
fight; — jaladaii jang. The strength of the
battle; — dil-dwari jang, The hero of war;
— mdkabati jang, The terror of war J ;—jung,
A large ship ; a camel which, lias never
borne a load ; a large white spot ; dice.

j&j*). janq.ar, A warrior ; (for jW^) a
crab ; (for ^&j) rust.

iS^ft jang-dzmdy, Experienced in

warfare.

fi»y>jl jang-dzmuda, A veteran in

war.

J&^rjang&l, A butt (see J 1 ^-^).

yf'S tsSii*. jang-dmez, Mixing in battle.

^a^^SL^. jangdnidan, To cause to wage
war ; to make thirsty.

jj'X jang-dwar, A hero ; quarrelsome.

jang-dwari, Battle, fight, war-
fare.

sl&* jangdh (for «tf uSUs-), Battle-field.

■■fc iS&tr jang-bds>, Warlike, bellicose, a
warrior ; a hero.

^gjl? isSUi* jang-bdzi, Bravery ; skill in
warfare ; mock fight.

s->l^ isXij). jang-jaldb, Strata.gem ; a vain
attempt ; the washing a blackamoor white ;
procrastination ; an ear-ring.

ui~~!&> taS^s- jang-jahlbist, Ah oar-ring
(unsupported by examples).

jit&let. jang-jo, Quarrelsome, contentious.

^jefS^ jang-jo'l or ja'i, A quarrelsome,
litigious turn of mind, quarrelsomeness.

ijjj jang-dida, Who has seen battle,
experienced in war.

tiX!^. jang^mrgarl (according to
others jangi sargari), A mock fight, a collu-
sive quarrel between two parties to defraud
a third.

jL. jang-sda, Fit or prepared for

combat ; a warrior, a fighting man.

Jl£_ ^X.^. jang-sigdl, Bent on war, pug-
nacious.

j>2~. <s&*- jang-aud, Who derives advan-
tage from war ; who is tried (for suda) in
war, an experienced warrior.

jangal (S. jangala), A wood, forest,
thicket j a country overgrown with wood,
reeds, or long grass ; a jungle.

a* jangldnl, jangldhl, A kite.

lsJi jangal-buri, Clearing of jungles;
— jatigaUburi'i ta'cdluqa, A spot of ground
brought into cultivation by the possessor.

t*!jIsLs<s. jangalilk, Lame in the hands or

( 375 )

1«

the feet; an invalid beginning to recover
from sickness, but still unable to walk.
ts&V jangali, Wild, untilled, jungly.

jangawdn, jangwdn, Name of a
city in India.

janguh, Convalescent, but not yet
able to walk.

jangi, Brave, warlike ; fighting ; a

fighter.

CJ-**&9- jangldan, To war, battle ; to thirst
(the latter meaning doubtful).

y^t- jingiz, The famous Mogul conqueror
Gengiz Kuan.

A janan, A grave ; a winding-sheet ;
a corpse; — junan (pi. of jwnnai), Veils;
shields ; — junun, Madness.

a. vy* janub, The south ; the right-hand
side (originally of a person turned towards
sunrise).

A januban, Southward.

a ,jtf^ janiibi, Southern.

a cr> jttnu^, (v.n, of c*+), Inclining,
leaning ; causing to incline.

a junud (pi. of jund), Troops, chess-
men.

jy* janwar, ~ tfW q.v.

a junus (pi. oijins), Kinds, sorts.

a Qjtti. junun (v.n. of Covering;
being dark (night) ; growing luxuriant
(grass or trees) ; flying round and hum-
ming (flies) ; being a demoniac, possessed
of a devil ; insanity, lunacy, f ury , frenzy ;
darkness; — jununi khamri, Delirium tre-
mens; — jununi dar yak amr, Monomania;
jununi sab'i, Rage ; — jununi Hshqi, Eroto-
mania.

a tjj>*- jununi, Mad, insane ; frenzied,
passionate.

januwa, Genoa.

jiy.*. janawin, Genoa; a Genoese (m.e.
from It.).

a (j^j- janaki, Indian cane ; delicate
branch.

a ^ jany (v.n.), Gathering, plucking
fruit ;—jand, janiy, Newly-plucked, fresh-
gathered.

a jinni, Demoniacal ; one of the
genii, a demon, spirit.

a v--^ janib, A led horse ; (met.) tract-
able, easy to be led ; foreign, strange ; an
excellent kind of date.

A janlbai, A led camel ; a mount in
general, a horse.

janibat-kash, Master of the
horse ; the leader of a sumpter horse or
horse of state.

<ijta s-e^s-jaftit-dar^The leader of a horse
of state.

^ juner, Name of a city in Deccan.
e*^ janin, A small table (doubtful
word).

a janin, An embryo, a foetus ;
buried ; anything hidden.
}Ja }+ janiwar, The horse-hair bridge

across the eternal fire, over which the Mu-
hammadans fancy they must pass into
heaven.

)*ja,u, jav (S. yava), Barley, a grain of
barley ; the alloy of four grains of silver
in ninety-six of gold ; [jawi barahna,
Barley without husk, oat ; — jawi post-
kanda, Peeled barley ; — jawi sltn, A grain
of silver ;]—jii (see ^j*), A. river ; a yoke ;
[az ju'i mr atish kashidan, To pour wine
out of a golden flask;] — jo, (in comp.)
Wishing, desiring.

a jauw, Air, sky, atmosphere ; space
between heaven and earth ; low ground.

\f>- jawd (in the dialect of ABtarabad) ,
Separation.

s-'fy?- jaiV'tib, Barley-water.

a jawdb, An answer, reply ; [jawabi
khitdb, An answer to a question ; — jawdb
dddan, To answer for, to be responsible
(in.c.) ; — jawabi sdf, A clear, positive an-
swer ; — jawabi sawdb-nisdb, A right and
true answer ; — jawabi qat'i, A categorical
answer ;— jawdb kardan, To answer;— -ja-
wabi nd-sawab, An impertinent answer ;] —
(for jawabi, pi. of jdbiyat), Large cisterns
or tanks.

a S^j s-^yj- jawdb-bdld, Prevail your ad-
vice !

a )\&i\f>- jawdb-ddr, A person responsible.

a, *e>\fr jawdb-difi, Respondent ; one
who makes an obstinate defence ; amen-
able, accountable.

a Jly- s-^y*- jawdb-suwdl, Questions and
answers, talk.

a (Ji\j^ s-^ys" jawdb-euwdll, Eeply, re-
joinder,

^Af>. jawdb-ndma, Letters of reply ;
a writing fixed to the winding-sheet or the
breast ot the deceased, which is intended to
be read by the angels Munkir and Naklr,
should his soul be too much flurried to an-
swer their questions.

a criy jawdb.nawis, A writer of

orders or replies.

a ( _ 5 *\ j+ jawabi, A respondent; a kind of
bill of exchange, which is not paid till
notice is received of the bill's having been
taken up ; a chorus, especially in repeating
a marsiya or elegy ; (pi. of jdbiyat) ponds,
cisterns.

sjy fji^yt- jawdbisuwdli, A mediator,
attorney, envoy.

A -Ay*- jawdd, Liberal, beneficent ; — jawddi
mutlaq, (God) The universal benefactor.

a jawdzib (pi. of jdzibat), Attrac-

tive qualities, allurements.

a. )\f>- jawdr, Water plentiful and deep;
(for jawdri) ships ;—jiwdr, juwdr (v.n. 3
of jy?-), Becoming a neighbour; neighbour-
hood ; remaining constantly in the mosque
(for prayer) ; receiving under protection,
giving security from oppression.

( 376 )

jtj* jimdr, Leave, permission (doubtful
word).

i-cfa jaw&rih (pi. of jarihat), Birds and
beasts of prey; members of the body,
limbs.

a lAjIj* jawarish (from P. guwdrish),
Whatever is used in the dressing of meat,
or assists in digestion; a digestive sto-
machic.

A tS^f*- jawdri (pi. of jdriyai), Ships ;
female slaves, servant-girls, lasses, girls,
damsels ;— jawdri u ghilmdn, Girls and
boys; maid-servants and men-servants ; —
jawdri'i munsha'dt, Ships under full sail.

jawdz, juwdz, fc>\)W juwdndn, A large
■wooden or stone mortar for pounding grain ;
oil-press, sugar-mill.

A jV" J ow « a of )fr), Passing, pas-

sage ; being allowed, permitted, lawful, or
allowable ; .permission ; lawfulness; pro-
priety ; a passport, a custom-house permit ;
safe-conduct ; escape ; water with which
cattle or ground is watered ;— juwdn, Thirst.

tyfr juwdza, A ventricle of sheep or kid
stuffed with meat, and dressed ; a mortar
(see jV).

a hyy*- jawdmyat, Allowability ; legality;
propriety.

a ijAft- jawdss. Senses.

A \jr*~\y+ jawdtf s (pi. of jams), Spies.

a Mj* jawwdz, Stout, big, corpulent ; one
who walks with a haughty air, proud,
naughty.

a JW jiwdl (pi. of jilt), Walls or para-
pets of wells.

J\j*. juwdl, A sack, bag ; half of (a horse-)
load ; the human body ; deceit, fraud ; any-
thing open, uncovered ; — bd gag ba-juwdl
raftan (dar juwdl ekudan). To meet with
an ill-tempered or foolish perBon ; — dar
juwdl shudan, To be cheated ; — dar juwdl
kardan. To cheat, to deceive.

jijjJIy)- juwdl-duz, A large packing-needle ;
a sack-maker.

fjfoJ&^ff- juwdl-doxi, Sack-making.

a t3*\y»- jawdliq (pi. of the following),
Large corn-sacks ; — jiwdliq, juwdlaq, juwd-
Kq (for P. juwdl), A sack; — juwdliq (for
p. fif,. q.v.), A religious tunic, a dervish's
mantle of a blue colour.

a «*>\fll\y»- jawdliqdt, <J«^j<>- jawdliq (pi. of
jawdliq, &c), Sacks.

p\yv juwdm (in Zand and Pazand), A
day.

A jawdmih (pi, of jdmih), Eestive
(horses).

a jawdmi' (pi. of jdmi'), Compre-

hensive, full ; temples, mosques ; — ja-
wdmi'u 'l-kalim, Comprehending many sig-
nifications, the Kur'an.

A tj^Aft- jawdmis (pi. of jdmus), Buffa-
loes.

^^9- jawdn (S. yuvdn), Young ; a young
man, youth, lad ; a catamite ; rice ;— jaw&ni

khu>UBh-shaM, (met.) Bice ; — jaw&ni sang-
dida, A strong, well-trained youth.

fyir^ ©V*" jawdn-isparam, Name of an
odoriferous herb.

off jawdnd-marg, Who dies in the
fl<>wer of youth; untimely death.

y^y*- jaw&ndn (pi. of jawdn), Youths.
jawdndna, Manly, gallantly.

a s->^ jawdnih (pi. of jdnib), Parts,
sides ; tracts, environs, quarters ; boun-
daries ; — jawdnibi arba'a, The four sides,
parts, or quarters, i.e. the whole.

«-ai*Mj«- jawdn-baiht, Young ; fortunate,
promising ; a brave, noble, generous youth.

a €>\j=>- jawdnih (pi. of j&nihat), The
lower ribs, the ribs which meet on the
breast.

a u-SjJ jawdn-daulat, Of youthful

fortune, fortunate, prosperous.

m ) j^f*- juwdngidr u bardnghdr,
The left and right wings of an army.

taltW jawdnak, A youngster (m.c).

dj*Mj9. jawdn-mard, A young mau ; a
generous youth ; brave, generous, manly ; a
master butcher.

^ytiXf). jawdn-mardl, Generosity, manli-
ness.

isSj*>\j^ jawdn-marg, Who dies young ;
death or bane to young men, an insulting
word addressed to women (m.c, see usJJ-»U^
and the following).

a utij*t\j> jawdn-maut, Untimely death.

M\fr jawdna, A young man ; youth.

JU jawdna-sdl, Young in years.

jawdni. Youth ; youthful ; a young
man ; — jiwdni, Aniseed.

<sV\^s- jawdnih, A female sparrow (un-
supported by examples).

A )*>\fr jawdhir (pi. of jauhar), Ores,
metals, precious stones ; jewels, gems ; es-
sences, substances ; — jawdhiri gukhun,
Chosen words, elegant phrases.

a u»\yntyi- jawdhirdt (pi. of the preced-
ing plural), Jewels, gems (m.c.) ; — jawd-
hir dti asl, Real or genuine jewels ; — jawd-
hir dti badal, Imitation jewels.

a u»ST jawdhir-dldt, Jewelled regalia
(m.c).

a 4*t<- j^y* jawdhir-khdna. y'j
jawdhir-d'in, Place where jewels are kept,
treasury, jewel-office.

a j& jawdhir-nigdr, Jewelled,

studded with jewels.

a tsys^j*- jawdhiri, A dealer in jewels, a
jeweller.

Aj»V jatm'ia (pi. oi j&'ixat), Gifts, re-
wards.

a jaw a' if (pi. oijd'ifat), Low hills ;

jawd'ifu 'n-nafs, The innermost or deepest
recesses of the soul.

s^y*- jub, A stammerer (unsupported by
examples).

a ^fi- jaub (v.n,), Cutting ; tearing ; tra-
versing (a country) ; a shield ; a shift

(

without sleeves ; a fire-grate or chafing-
dish ; a large leathern bucket.

jvf>- jubdr, Name of a place belonging to
Bukhara.

J^y* jubdl (in Zand), A wallet, sack, bag.

fr. j+ jan-ba-jaw, Grain by grain, a little
at a time, by degrees ; piecemeal, to
atoms.

<fy* joba, A market-place-

*J*>fr jauplna, The bird Huma.

l f¥* jautara, A minaret, a lofty turret ; a
lighthouse.

&fr juj, jauj, A cock's comb; a crest; a
pennant, vane ;—juj, (in the Malay lan-
guage) Draughts, backgammon.

j->W ft- jau-jddu, A bitter grain like an
oat.

f-f>- j&jar, Qp-p- jojiran, *f>-f>- jojira, A
dirham weighing 48 grains.

t\&>.fh jauja-gdh, A field of battle.

f+p- jojam, A branch with flowers and
fruit.

yr-fr jujin (in Zand and Pazand), A
drachma of 48 grains ; — jojan, (in Hindi)
A yojana or distance of 4, 5 or 9 miles.

ft- ft jau-jau, Bit by bit, in pieceB, to
pieces ; name of a city famous for musk,
silks, and camphor ;~juju (ft-f>- juchu), A
sparrow (unsupported by examples).

a fi-ft jv'ju', A bird's breast; a ship's
prow.

juja, A chicken, a poult ; = ^ q.v.
(the latter doubtful).

a tfrjauk (v.n.), Eradicating, uprooting.

^p- juhi, Name of a buffoon (see

tpjawkk, A troop.

jankhdn, A drying-place for dates.

a -iff jaud (v.n.). Palling in abundance
(rain); (pi. of jd'id) excellent; heavy
rains ;—jud (v.n.), Liberality, generosity,
munificence; (pi. of ajyad) long-necked.

a "\^f>- juivada' (pi. of jawad), Literal
men.

^p jaud fin, si\iiff. jauddna, A fragrant
species of camphor; a kind of pomegranate
having dry seeds ; a bird's crop ; the mark
in a horBe's tooth, resembling a barley-
corn, indicating his age ; a species of wil-
low.

a up jaudat (v.n. of •ij*), Being good,
excellent ; quickness of apprehension, in-
telligence ; ingenuity ; benignity ; — judat,
Pleetness (of a horse).

^fr jaudar, An ox, a cow ; a herb grow-
ing in wheat.

tjJfi- jaudara, A herb growing amongst
wheat ; name of a certain general.

a ^ft- judi, Mount Ararat in Armenia
(where the ark is supposed to have rested).

a <^>\iftjuzab, A dish of sugar, rice, and
meat.

a jjft- jau-zar, In morsels, piecemeal.

a )if>- jauzir, The wild calf.

)fr jaur, A bumper of wine presented to

377 )

anyone ; one of the lines upon the famous
cup of Jamshed ; [bada ba-jaur dad, He
plied him with wine;] — juwar, Height,
summit ; above ;—jur, Equal, alike ; a com-
rade, friend, companion (m.c).

a )f> jaur (v.n.), Deviating from truth or
the right way ; tyrannizing over; injustice,
violence, iniquity, oppression, tyranny ;
[jaur kardan, To injure ; — jaur u zulm,
Tyranny and oppression ;] — jur, A name of
Firozabad, famed for its roses ; a quarter
at Nishapur ;—jwmr, A village near Isfa-
han ; — jiwarr, Copious rain accompanied
by loud thunder; strong-voiced (camel).
a •r>\)f>- jor&b, A stocking (m.c).
a )f>- jaur-dbdd, Name of a place in
Iran,

a «wt <~r>]}ft- jordb-band, A garter (m.c.).
a Jhy* •rftjfr jordb-farosh, A seller of
stockings (m.c).

A jaurab, A shoe, sandal ; a stock-
ing.

)fyff jarbUr, A pheasant; a jungle-cock.
a jft jaur-pesha, Oppressive ; a
tyrant.

tjftjura, Equal in size, weight, colour, &c.
(see } p- jur).

A.jp-jauz (from P. )j£gam), A nut ; — jauzu
'r-rat, A saponaceous nut; — jauzu 's.«ar«,
Fruit of the cypress-tree; — jauzu 't-tarfd.
The tamarisk-nut; — jauzu' t 'lib, A nut-
meg ; — jamu 'l-qaiy, Nux vomica ; — jauxu
'Uhausal, The physic-nut ; — jauzu 'l-maraj.
The winter cherry; — jatasi buwd (biiya),
Nutmeg ; — jautsi suraiyd, The middle or
cluster of the Pleiades ;—jauzi khdniz, An
unsound nut ; — jauzi ruml, A walnut ; —
jauzi gandum, Sandix-gum, juniper ; — jauzi
mdsil, The thorn-apple ; — jauzi Hindi, A
cocoa-nut; a walnut; — jaws ma-sMkan tali'
bi-bin. Do not break the nut, look (first) at
the horoscope (said to enjoin confidence
where a risk is to be run).

a ^ffjauzd', A black sheep white in the
middle of the body ; the constellation
Gemini ; Orion ; name of a woman.

•"■^j/* jauz-dghand, A peach stuffed with
walnut-kernels.

^)t* j au *ak, Sorrow ; sorrowful.
•Vf^T ji jf>- jaws bar gumbad, (Throwing) a
walnut upon a cupola (a phrase employed
to signify labour in vain) ; — jauz bar gum-
bad afshandau (anddkhtan), To act in vain,
to make futile efforts.

y* jjs- jauz-bun, A nut- (walnut-) tree.
yW- )y>- jauz-jdn, Name of a city in Khu-
rasan renowned for its healthy position.
**jyf- jauzaghft, A cotton-pod.
a <3}ff jauzaq, A cotton-pod,
>^jf>- jauzaJc, Adam's apple.
a jfr jauz-girih, A coat-button.
a jiu jy*- jauz-tnagliz, A walnut-kernel ;
any hard substance.

Oj P jan-zan, Blight, mildew (as smiting

( 378 )

the corn) ; name of certain magicians in
India who are said to bewitch people by
means of barley-corns steeped in saffron,
over which certain incantatory verses have
been muttered ; Brahman who pours clari-
fled butter into the fire, which he strikes
with stalks of barley (as a religious rite) ;
a plectrum ; tinder, touch-wood ; a spark
(the last three meanings unsupported by
examples) .

V "jJ*" jauea-luwd, A kite (see \f 6 j^)-
jauzahr, The dragon's head and
tail ; the sphere of the moon ; a comet.

fc^jy- jaialdan, To be sad, melancholy.

iteijfi- jauzina, Sugared almonds ; a
syrup.

*))*>■ j&tha, A chicken ; — juzha'i duk, A
notch in the top of the spindle.

H) 4 jy»- juzha-rubd, sj^ juzha-luwd,
jiizha-liwd, A kite.

a y*yv jam (v.n.), Rummaging a house
(as a thief for plunder).

jausak, Adam's apple.

(^w-vjii. juebfsnitan (Zand and Pazitnd),
To take.

a i3~j* jausaq (from P. u^AjS hushk), A
lofty building, a palace; a villa, a kiosk;
a village near Raiy.

u * L -f>- jausak, A button ; Adam's apple.

y— y>- jausan, A cuirass made of leather.

vi£x_ ^ jau-sang, In weight, a barley-
corn ; a grain.

a jausa, A balcony ; a kiosk, a villa ;
(met.) a sign of the zodiac.

*J>p-josh (jush), Ebullition, effervescence;
agitation (of mind or body) ; heat, lust ;
the ring of a coat of mail ; the I4th day of
the month ; (in comp.) boiling, raging ; —
josh uftddan (bar-kkwdstan, baland shu-
dan), To boil, ferment, be agitated ; —
joshi jawdni, The ardour of youth ; — joshi
khun, Ebullition of blood (a disease) ; —
josh dadan, To weld ; — josh damtdan (rakh-
twn, zadan, nihddan), To boil, ferment,
chafe, rage, be agitated (the waves of the
sea) ; — joshi tufdn (josh it tufum.), A deluge ;
— ba-josh (dar josh) dmadari, = josh zadan.

a J*}*, jaush, The breast; the middle of
a man ; midnight ; a large section of the
night, or the latter part of it ; a march
during the whole of the night ; — jush, The
breast.

d^p. joshak, Heat, ebullition, agitation.

i^p- joshan, Boiling, foaming (waves).

ijt t)^=i- joshdn-bara, A savoury dish.

yjjiAjij. joshdndan, y-^^j 1 ?- joshdmdan,
To cause to boil, to seethe ; to cook.

ajiUij^ joshdnda, A decoction.

& } ~*y>- josh-para, A kind of food, vermi-
celli (see 5j? 'J'p).

jbjjt- Jhfr josh-kharosh, 3 d*?*- josh

u kharo&h, Noise, tumult, din ; excitement,
working of passion, anger, rage.

J*)*- jaushir, A weaver.

joshish, A boiling, ebullition;
heat; a cooking, dressing; an eruption;
thrush (a disease) ; a violent desire.

jaushak, jushak, A sort of bottle
made of earthenware, having a spout to it ;
—jushak, A button-hole.

a jaushan, joshan, A coat of mail ;

the breast ; midnight ; an armlet.

a \J*)i joshan-posh, A cuirassier.

a joshan - guzdr, Armour-

piercing.

a O^y- joshan-war, Armoured, wearing
a cuirass.

yj-A f). joshMan, To boil ; to shoot forth.

^^•p- joshida, Boiled ; — joshlda shudan,
To be boiled, dressed, cooked j to be agi-
tated, moved (m.c).

jA» is~t.fr joshida-magfos, Passionate ;
wary.

jaushir, A weaver ; (jay. - shir)
barley-gruel.

jaushlra, A weaver ; a kind of

food.

A £p fa', Hunger, appetite ; —ju'i baqari,
Voracity ; — ju'u 'l-kalb, ju'i kalbl, Insatiable
hunger, canine appetite.

a (J&ft- jau'dn. Hungry, famished,
starved.

tp jufk, A yoke.

i^-yi- jaug&an, A mortar of stone.

a i^i^jauf (v.n.), A wide-extended plain ;
the belly ; interior of anything, a hollow,
vacancy, cavity, concavity; inside (of a
letter, Ac.) ; [javfi dahdn, Cavity of the
mouth ; — jaufi fakki a'la, Maxillary sinus
(med.) (]—jawaf (v.n.), Being hollow and
roomy ; amplitude, capaciousness.

ur'jj/ y>- jau-farosh, A seller of barley ; —
jau-faroshi gandmn-numd, One who sells
barley and shows wheat, a cheat.

a [if* jauq (from P. ip), A troop, a
body, a company of men.

a Jjs- nifi- jauq jauq, In troops.

a jauhln, A club of an arched form
used in the Eastern game of horse shinty
(see <jt%).

(ijtj (jjtfjj,. jaukd)i~ddr, Who holds a club
or plays at shinty.

<iXf* jukak, A bird like a sparrow.

v^jjS pjau-kob. Bruised, coarsely ground.

yWfr jaugdn, Maize.

i!s*j*- j°g>' (pl- -A- n Indian reli-

gious mendicant (S. yogi).
Jft-ji-l, A kite.

a Jj* jaut (v.n.), Going round ; career-
ing to and fro in battle ;—jftl, The interior
part of a well from top to bottom ; the
parapet of a well.

a jawaldn, in P. also jauldn (v.n. of
J^), Walking round; motion, agitation;
wandering up and down ; moving, springing
from side to side (as combatants or com-
petitors in amphitheatres) ; [construed with
the verbs dadan, zadan, kardnn, and hishd-

( 379 )

dan; -dtishin jawaldn (barg-jawaldn), Vio-
lent agitation, rapid movement ; — ba-jawa-
lan dar-dmadan, dar-jawaldn dmadan. To
gallop about (a horse) ;] — jauldn, Name of
n mountain in Syria.

ayUS tjS^ jawaldn-kundn, Moving, leap-
ing, springing.

a 5vs>Sj<s- jawaldn-gdh, A champ-de-mars.

ajS oSj* jawalan-gar, $ t)Sjs- jawaldn-
war, Who gallops about, circles round.

a ^s^^yi- jauldngari., A gallop, fleelness.

a jaulani, Strength (of tnind or

body), quickness, apprehension; fleetness;
circulating rapidly (wine-cup, horse, &c).

S V" julah, iJ*^ julaha, A spider; a
weaver.

«tt»3^ juldhak, A little weaver ; a spider.

^jfeSy*. juldht, Weaving.

j*Jj* jolakh, A woollen cloth worn by
religious mendicants.

^jsi})^ jolakhi, A mendicant clad in a
jolakh.

a JV- jolaq, jauliq (for P. jolakh). The
dress of a monk.

a ls*^ jolaqi, jauliql, A religious mendi-
cant,

aI)*. jida, A quiver, case for bows and
arrows -, beaten (wool or cotton) ; a porcu-
pine ;—ji(lah (for sSji). jnltih), A weaver; a
spider ;—jola, A kind of grass of which ani-
mals are very fond.

&IX«S^ jola-gdh, A field of the above-
mentioned grass.

t^p-jidaha, A spider ; a weaver.

t$A*>fr julidan, To be confused, scattered.

•y j» jii-mard, pt>f ju-mardum (for
juwdn-mard, juwan-mardum), A liberal or
generous man.

is— **p- jaumist, A prophet of the Magi
to whom the book Gaumist was revealed ;
according to others, the Ar. form of the
latter word (Bee

yy+ jam, The Jumna, a large river in
India (in Sanscrit called Yamuna) ; — ja-
wan, A threshing instrument drawn by oxen.

a Of? jaun, White ; black (camel or
horse) ; red ; day ; a herb of blackish
green ; horses and camels intensely black ;
name of a horse celebrated in India.

a &)■»■ junat, A box or tray with apiceries
or perfumes.

idiff junk, A bird's "bill.

jung, A camel from the third to the
fifth year.

a tefrjawna, The sun.
yWj. jiunodn (in Zand and Pazand), A
youth.

^Sjj* jowaldghi, A raBcal, a rioter (m.c.
of doubtful derivation).

a 6yf jauh (v.n.), Looking at, or re-
ceiving ungraciously.

tj* jidi, A yoke.

y&j» juhar, Destruction of the women
and children, when besieged men, despair-

ing of resistance, save themselves by
flight (a practice which prevailed among
the Eajputs in India) ; a place abounding
in streams — juhar hardan, To sack or
plunder.

*>■}*>?>■ jauhar (from P. y&>j* gauhar), A
jewel, gem, pearl ; matter, substance,
essence, staple (distinguished from acci-
dent) ; absolute or essential property ;
skill, knowledge, accomplishment, art;
worth, merit, virtue ; secret nature; defects,
vices ; the lustre of a sword, the marks or
streaks on a well-tempered blade ;— jauhari
bid {bed) , Salicin ; — jauhari tamr, Essence
of tamarind (in Persia improperly used for
Tartaric acid) ;— jauhari jam,, The origin of
the soul as first created by God ; — jauhari
hasari'laba, Benzoic acid; — jauhari dar-
mana, Santonine ;— jauhari sat, Original
essence ; — jauhari rutubati raa'da, jauhari
gwwdranda, Pepsin ; — jauhari eirka, Acetic
acid ; — jauhari 'idwi, Heaven ; spirit ; fire ;
—jauhari fard, An indivisible atom ; a per-
son unrivalled or unequalled; — jauhari
qirmix-ddna, Carmine; — jauhari qatrdn,
Creosote ; — jauhari qalydb, Carbonate of
soda ; — jauhari kundueh, Veratrine ; — jaw-
hari Ttuchula, Strychnia ; — jauhari hina-kina
(gina-gina, gingina), Sulphate of quinine;
— jauhari limit, Citric acid (in Persia im-
properly applied to Tartaric acid) ; — jauhari
mukhihadiri afyun, Narcotine; — jauhari
musakkini afyun, Codeine ; — jauhari mu-
nauwimi afyun, Morphia ; — jauhari na'nd'i
khuahk, Menthol ; — jauhari natnak, Hydro-
chloric acid ; — jauhari nauehadur, Liquid
ammonia ; — ahli jauhar, Men of ability.

a uJipfr jauhardt (pi. of the preceding) ,
Gems, jewels.

a jauhar- agin, Set or studded

with gems (m.c).

a jAj* jauhar-dlat, Jewelled regalia
(m.c, see «yST ,r*V-)-

a ybrt- jauhar-afahdn, Scattering

gems or pearls.

a j\o jauhar-ddr, A bright, glittering,
or well-tempered scimitar, possessing the
blackish marks called jauhar.

a ]*>f>- jauhar-ddru (pearl-powder), A
medicine for the eyes, eollyrium.

a J^-pi j^ft- jauhar-farosh, A dealer in pre-
cious stones, a vendor of jewels.

a jauhari, A jeweller, a seller of

gems ; a lapidary ; a tester, appraiser (of
precious stones, &c.) ; the trade of a
jeweller, &c. ; relating to jewels ; essential,
substantial (opp. to accidental).

t^ijitf^ jauhariydn (pi. of the preceding),
Jewellers ; a sect who attribute materiality
to the Deity ; materialists.

h i^ff juhi, Name of a flower (Ja»-
minum auriculatum).

jawe, A grain of barley :-~joy, juy
(imperative and participle of joyidan or

( 380 )

justan), Seek thou ; seeking, desiring,
wishing, asking ;— juy, A running stream,
n'vulet ; 11 canal or gutter cut for the pur-
poses of irrigation ; a groove in the back
of a sword ; — juyi db, A running stream ; —
juyi tdz, A rapid stream, mighty torrent.

^J* Searching, inquiring, seeking ;
a diligent inquirer; wishful; name of a
champion killed by Rustam.

^* joya-khirad, Endowed with an
investigating mind.

ti^f*- j°yan> Seeking ; wishing, ambi-
tious; (pi, of joy) wishers, seekers; — jo-
ydni madad, Petitioners, supplicants for
assistance.

y^^iys- joydmdan, To cause to inquire
or investigate; inquire, investigate, search
for.

joyd'l, Search, diligent inquiry.
i^-y* juy-bdr, A great river formed by
the confluence of many smaller streams ; a
river's bank ; a place abounding in springs;
— juy-bdri bihisht, The river of Paradise.
jff.f>- juyjux, A teredo, a ship-worm.
^.f^juycha, isXiy*- juyaJc, A rivulet, brook ;
a groove, a furrow.

U*js- jawin, ^.f>- jaw'ina, Made of barley.
joyanda, Searching; an inquirer ;
— joyanda ydhanda bdshad, or simply jo-
yanda ydhanda, Who searches, finds ; seek
and you will find.

joyldan, To seek, Bearch for, hunt
after ; — jiiyldan, To set water a-flowing.
Sj *iy*~ jfiytna, Aquatic ; a swan.

jah (for juh), A place; rank, office ;
(imper. of jastan) leap thou ; (in comp.)
leaping.

"V jih (in Zand and Piizand), Courtezans.

a jahdbizat (pi. of jihbiz), Acute,

intelligent money-changers ; — jahdbizatu
naqd, Money-brokers ; able critics.

A euV). jihat (pi. of jihat), Paces, sur-
faces ; tides, quarters ; cardinal points ;
duties on manufactures ; — jihati shash, Six
surfaces, a cube.

A jahdd, Hard ground without vege-
tation ; — jihad (v.n. 3 of -^fr), Waging war
(especially against infidels) ; a crusade ;
battle, combat ; endeavour, effort ; — jihadi
asgttar, The lesser warfare, war against
infidels; — jihCtdi akbar (kubrd), The greater
warfare, war against one's own lusts ; —
mubdriai jihdd-pesha, A soldier inured to
war, a veteran.

a ys*i\=i- jihadi, One who fights against
the infidels, a crusader.

A jahdr, jihdr, Being known, being
public; — jihdr, Name of an idol of the
Banu Hawazin.

A jihdran, jahdran, Publicly, in open
day.

A Z)W>- jahdrat (v.n. of Having a

loud voice; — jdharatan, Loudly, with a
loud voice ; publicly.

a jltfl. jahuz, A camel's saddle, or the
saddle-tree ; pudenda mulieris ; a ship; (also
jikdz) paraphernalia, or portion given witb
a daughter, a trousseau (m.c.) ; travelling
equipage ; funeral apparatus ; — jahdzi dhani,
An iron ship, an ironclad.

a >^>\j^f)- jahdzdt (pi. of the preceding),
Travelling equipages, &c.

a jahdz-shihani, A shipwreck.

(i <_s)Vs- jahdzi, A hailor ; naval, nautical ;
a kind of scimitar ; — jahdzi iqrdr-ndma,
Charter-party ; — jahdzi tij&rat, Naval trade.

a juhhal (pi. of jdhil), Ignorant
people, simpletons, fools.

A iiltfl. jahdlat (v.n. of J^), Being igno-
rant ; ignorance ; barbarism ; brutality.

a pip. jahdni, A cloud without rain.

yi<is- jahdn, jihdn (S. jagat, Z. gaetha),
The world ; an age ; worldly possessions ;
any sublunary object ; leaping, bounding ;
darting (as lightning) ;—jahdni ah u gil,
The human body ; the world ; — jahdn
khwurdan, To conquer the world ; to derive
advantage from it ; — jahdn ddshtan, To
possess much property ; — jahdni jam, The
perishable world ; — jahdni gadim, Eter-
nity ; — jahdn kandan, To devastate the
world jahdni kihin, A microcosmos, i.e.
man ; —jahdni guzrdn. Transitory world ;
jahdn gird kardan (kushddan) , To subdue
or subjugate the world ; — jahdni mihtn,
The world, universe ; — in u an jahdn, This
world and the next.

V y^r*" j&hdn-drd, jahdn-drdy,
World-adorning ; name of the sixth month
of the year of Yazdagird.

<J\j) O^*- jahan-drd'i, World's orna-
ment.

4J r*)^ oW* ja-han-dzrnuda, Experienced,
jjytf (jW>- jahdn-afroz, World-enlighten-
ing.

0*/^ jahdn-afirin, Creator of the

world.

)fi aW>- jahdn-dwar, Valiant ; learned.

y^ita?- jahdn-bdn, Keeper or protector
of the world ; God Almighty ; a powerful
monarch.

^Wil** jahdnbdnl, Government of the
world ; royal.

lt^. jahdn-bakJish, Distributing the
world.

t>«>li,=i- jahdn-bln, Seeing or comprehend-
ing the whole world (an attribute of God) ;
the eye ; a traveller ; offspring.

sUjU jahdn -pddishdh, King of the
world.

^ y^ij. jahdn-parwar, Nourisher of the
world.

sLj jahdn-pandh, Asylum of the

world ; his (your) majesty ; — jahdn-pandh
saldmat, Long live the king !

^V-^ t)W»- jahdn-pahlawdnt, Name of a.
post of honour to which the bravest men
were formerly advanced in Persia.

( 381 )

v^V- jahdn-tdb, World - inflaming ;
world-illuminating ; the fifth month of the
era of Yazdagird.

yU? (jjVys- jakdn-tandn, The heavenly
bodies.

yr^fi- jahdn-jo, jahdn-ju, Ambitious of
subjugating the world.

y^ y^*- jahdn-jahdn. Much, many,
worlds of.

)r^~ <J*&- j&har -hkmrav, = sL6»jI> y^
q.v.

jlail^ jahdn-ddr, Possessor of the world ;
a kiug, an emperor ; name of a Mogul em-
peror, grandson of Aurangzeb.

^j}^ jahdn-ddri, Monarchy, empire,
rule; imperial; — asbdbi jahdndari, Means
of acquiring rule.

yly». jahdn-ddwar, Judge of the

world.

SAjij ^itfl. jahdn-didak, Seeing or haying
seen the world ; knowing mankind ; expe-
rienced ; a traveller ; — jahdn-dida bisydr
goyad durogh, One who has seen the world
tells many lies.

O^fi- jahan-rawa'l, Rule ol the

world.

isij jahdn-zinda, A perennial flower.

jSL. yly*. jahdn-edldr, A powerful mo-
narch ; a general.

yU_ yl^. jahdn-satdn, World-conquer-
ing.

(^U- yiifl. jahdn-saidni, Conquest of the
world.

o^tfi- jahdn-eo&lita, Having consumed
a world.

ij~ yVi- jahdn-soz, An incendiary ; a
tyrant.

J^iji jahdn~kadkhuddy, Lord of

the world.

Va&L^ jahiln-kushd, WoTld-subduing.

tjtef y^ jahdn-kughd'i, Conquest,
y^v*- jahdn-kay, King of the world.

*f fcta* - j&hdn-gard, A great traveller.

yiS gltfl- jahdn-gir, Seizor or conqueror of
the world (the name which Sallm, the son
of Sultan Akbar, adopted on succeeding
his father as Einperor of Hindustan in the
year 1605) ; a woman's bracelet ; short
breeches worn by soldiers.

y2T& y^*- jahdn-giri, Of or relating to
Jahangir; royal, princely, universal sway ;
a kind of bracelet.

y4j/» yH> jahdn-marzbdn, The lord
marcher of the world.

»Oj*-.li y^ jahdn-ndsiparda, Who has
not travelled over the world, inexperienced.

a Q^ip. jahdn-mutd', Obeyed by the
world.

JyJ oW*- jahdn-naward, A great traveller.
jahdni, Worldly ; a mortal.

jahdniydn, Mortals ; worldly
people ; creatures, creation.

yj^Jly^ jahdnidan, To cauBe to leap ; to
attack ; to shoot.

A i^fl-jikbiz (from P. >V^q.v.), An acute,
intelligent money-changer, who knows at
once good money from bad.

A jahbazat, Banking, the business

of a banker or money-changer.

a ^ jihat, juhai, Side, face, surface ; direc-
tion ; form, fashion, manner, mode ; reason,
motive; regard, respect ; — jihati in hi, Inas-
much as ; — az dn jihat, On account of that ;
— az in. jihat, For that reason ; — az jihati,
For this reason, because of ; on the side of ;
— az jihati in ki. Because that ; — ba-jihat dn
hi, Since, because, for the reason that ; —
ba-har jihat, Anyhow, in any respect ; —
char jihat, Four sides (of a solid) ; four
qualities or quantities ; — chi jihate paidd
kard, What a reason he has found out!
(m.c).

a jahs (v.u.), Moving, agitating,
rendering light and airy (anger, terror, or

a jahjdh, Name of the man who

broke Muhammad's stick on the knee of
Othman ; also of one who is destined to
rule the world.

y^^*K> jahjahdn, Skipping, prancing;
hopping; swelling, rushing (water).

a -h* jahd (v.n.), Striving, struggling,
exerting oneself ; labour, toil, exertion ;
study, care, painstaking; diligence, assi-
duity, earnestness ; — jahd, juhd, Power,
strength, vigour.

a ^>Av» jahdish, Exertion, effort, dili-
gence.

a j^jahr (v.n.), Raising the voice, speak-
ing loud; revealing, declaring, publishing,
discovering, disclosing; cleaning out (a
well) ;. visiting one in the morning unex-
pectedly ; magnifying, honouring ; regard-
ing as numerous; shaking (a bottle) in
order to churn butter; travelling incog-
nito over a country -,—juhr, Form, mien,
countenance ; beauty of face, comeliness ;
— jahar, Being day-blind, nyctalopy |med.).

a jahran, P. jahrdna, Publicly,
evidently, clearly ; — sirran wa jahran, Pri-
vately and publicly.

A jahrdwdt, A plain outside of

Shiritz.

a 'ijifr jahratan, Publicly, visibly.

a fpfl- jahram, Name of a town in Persia.

a ^fr?)- jahrami, Native of Jahram ; the
celebrated musician Barbud.

a &**jiti- jahramiyat, A kind of linen
cloth (called from jahram, the town above-
mentioned).

tfift- jahra, A yarn-reel ; opposite ; — jahra
sdkhtan, To oppose one thing to another.

a yiiri- jahsh (v.n.), Raising a scream
and running frightened (as a child to its
mother) ; preparing to weep.

jahish, Nature ; exterior form.

a Jv*. jahl (v.n.), Being ignorant, foolish
ignorance, silliness, foolishness, foolish or

( 382 )

senseless disputation, a war of words; —
jahli bant, Simple ignorance, artlessness ;
— -jahli murakhdb, Complicated ignorance,
confirmed error.

a. eS^- juhala' (pi. of jahil), Ignorant
people, the ignorant ; in P. also used as a
singular.

a &v*-jahalat (pi. of jahil), Pools.

a ^fi- jahli, Ignorant ; foolish ; pas-
sionate ; lazy ; argumentative ; a driveller.

a (Hfr jahm (v.n.), Receiving sternly and
ungraciously ; austere, crabbed, surly ; a
tearing lion ; a proper name.

JrH^ jih-marz, Sexual intercourse with
harlots.

a ,j*-v>- jahmi, Belonging to the fol-
lowing sect ; — jahmiyat, Name of a Muham-
madan sect.

i^ifi- jahn, Spirit ; the soul or intellect of
the universe ;—jahn, jihn, Name of a son of
Afrasyab; — jihan (for jihdn), The world.

^^fi-jahanja, A kind of shoe or slipper.
jakandagi, A cantering pace.
jcvhanda, (A horse) going sideways
and skipping along the road ; elastic,

A jahannam, Hell, the infernal fire ;
a deep well ; — ahli jahannam, The damned ;
— ba-jahannam, To hell with you ! (m.c).

« jahannami, Infernal, hellish.

^yff juhud, A Jew.

i^jj^s- juhudana, Judaically ; the ven-
tricle of a sheep stuffed with meat and
herbs ; name of a gum-bearing tree.

iS^)V>- jwhudi, One Jew ; Judaism ;
Judaical.

a i^jfifl-jahuri, Loud-voiced.

A Of** jahul, Extremely ignorant, an
utter ignoramus.

a ^yfi- jahuli, Ignorance, folly.

a Qf<fi- jahulryat, Extreme ignorance.

a -Vf*- jahld, Laborious, painstaking ;
toilsome.

ti-Vii* jahidan, To leap, spring, dance ;
to gallop ; to be stimulated to running or
flight; to recreate, divert oneself; to drop ;
to grow cold ; to blow (as the wind).

jahir, Beautiful of face; unadul-
terated milk,

a jahlz, Running, flowing ; fleet,
agile ; (by Imalah for jl^O vestments and
furniture of every kind which a bride
brings to her husband's house ; a dowry ;
minced meat.

a i^Hi-i- juhainat, Name of a large tribe.

^ jai (in Zand and Pazand), Pure;
name of a village dependent upon Ray ; —
ji. The city of Ispahan ; name of a district
in the dependency of Ispahan.

rV^ cs* jai-a/rdm, Name of a prophet.

tsUW jayalak (from T. 4tUi&.), A straw-
berry (m.c).

a T~t&-jaib (in P. pronounced jeb or jib),
The opening at the neck and bosom (of a
shirt, <&c.) ; the breast-collar ; the heart,

bosom ; a pocket ; — jibi nfq, The sky ; —
jlbi bagAal, Waistcoat- pocket (m.c.) ;— jlbi
kjias, A privy purse.
W->*- jlbil, Fuel, firewood ; = q.v.
jlbar, Gardens ; paradises.
jrba, — &«- q.v.
43 U. 1^ jiba,-~khi]na, An arsenal (see

<SiU).

jaibln, Interval, intervening space
(see y*^).

e*** juytan, A saddle-cloth (unsupported
by examples).

&~s«- jita, ■ q,v.

^#>-jlj>d, Fuel, firewood.

JL»«f. jaipdl, Name of an Indian ruler.

a yUlij. jaihdn, Name of a river or town
in Syria.

a <yj«K«- jaihun, The river Jaihun or Bac-
trus ; — ba-jaihun nishastan, To cross the
Jaihun ; to weep.

a ^f&tfr jaihurii, Belonging to the Jai-
hun.

a jid, A long, slender, beautiful
neck ; the lower or front part of the neck,
on which jewels are suspended ; (pi. of
ajyad) with beautiful and slender necks ; —
jayad, The length, slenderness and beauty
of the neck ; — jaiyid, Good, excellent ;
elegant ; arable, fertile.

jtft- jlr, Declivity ; a kind of leather.

a q)\)<&- jlrdn (pi. of jar), Neighbours;
protectors ; name of a village near Isfahan.
jir-jang, = «aSU*- ^ q.v.
jiTuft, Name of a city in Kar-

mania.

a jirun, Name of a gate of Da-

mascus.

i}«=!- jira, A daily allowance.

itiU*. j'tz-jang, A leathern dildo.

jjj-fl- j'tzit, A porcupine (see ^f).

yU_.#j- jistan, A riddle (see <J**~->fi;).

jeslan, To leap ; a small purse
elegantly adorned.

^>~^ jaisink, Name of the first king of
Guzerat.

A (J* 1 * 1 *- jaish (v.n.), Boiling (of a pot) ;
ebullition ; raging (of the sea) ; swelling,
overflowing (of a river) ; an army, soldiery,
a legion.

jaishgar, A general ; a maker of
coats of mail.

a yit* jaiz (v.n.), Turning away from,
declining.

j'gZt, Noise, clamour.
jaigh.nl, Palm-tree fibres.
^jkfjf jaighut, A basket made of palm-
leaves or fibres.

jigha, An ornament or jewel worn in
the turban ; noise, clamour.

a <-4*^ jiyaf (pi. of jifat), Carcases.
a jifat, A carcase, corpse, which has
begun to stink, carrion.

a*,,,, jifa-ikipar, A feeder on carrion.

3**

( 883 )

4i ** jiga, Noise, clamour (see and
the following).

qAj£ ul^. a*?, pqa-jiqa hardan, To adorn
the (eye-brows) with a. certain powder of
brass and talc.

♦"W/fi', The noise of fowls.

"*W jik-jlh, Cry of birds and

beasts.

a J**- A race, a- nation ; narue of a
village near Bagdad.

tA* jlldn, The juleb-tree ; sesame (for
P. the city and province of Giliin.

jildhang, A purgative Indian

root.

j^aL*. jil-ddru, A wood, black without
and green within (see jjIj J**)-

A- ^iA-jwi, The letter 5; a silk robe em-
broidered with gold ; libidinous camels.

jin, Unamiable, detestable qualities.

^^*> pnak, A place.

J} 4 ^ finawar, The bridge across hell-
fire.

•Ayitt- jaiwad, Chastity, continence.
Vjw- jut/tib (pi. of jaib), Shirt-coltars ;
pockets.

•>j»- jaiwad, Straight (unsupported by
examples).

a \J>f*r juyiieh (pi. of jaish). Armies,
forces, troops ; — juyiishi dhan-poeh, Troops
cused in steel.

tyA-jiwa, Quicksilver.

E ch, called che, also jimi farsi or jimi
'ajami, is the seventh letter of the Arabic-
Persian alphabet, and is pronounced like
our eh in " church " ; it interchanges with
the cognate letters j and lA, and is some-
times confounded with g, whose numerical
value of 3 it shares in the Abjad ; — chi (for

cHh, q.v.), What, which, &c.

^ cha, Tea (for particulars see iJ*z).

«tl»U chabuk, Quick, swift, active ; inge-
nious, sharp, acute ; beautiful ; a horse-
whip; — chdhuk zadan, To whip.

a \A ud>U chdb>itk-<tda, A ready speaker,
performer, singer.

LSj^f "^J^ chdbuk-bdzi, A whipping.

k <*l;W chebuk-pa, Swift of foot.

uiliU ehabuk-Jehirdm, Swift-paced.

ywW chdddn, A tea-pot.

ta^.j csij^ chdbuk-dad, Dexterous, adroit,
light-fingered, nimble, expeditious ; beau-
tiful.

a s-"^) chabuk-rikab (roMb),

Quick or skilful of stirrup, a good horse-
man.

t »st- uiliW chdbuh-sukhnn, Eloquent.

<Af\* chdbwk-snwdr, A horse-breaker,

rider

horse-dealev ; a

jockey, rough
flogger.

<jy V* chdbuksuwciri, Jockey ship.

a chdbvk-

mnn,

Dexterous in

handling the reins.

a fii <£i>l&. chdbuk-qadam, Swift of foot,
a, u-fc >Ai^. c7iaow&-it<Tfas, Quick of
speech, a ready talker.

chdbuki, Agility ; in need of the
whip, pacing leisurely.

chabuk, Quick, nimble, acute.
chap (from H. chh&p), A seal, stamp,
print (see *j^) ; — chap vadan (kardari), To
print.

chdp&ti, A thin, unleavened cake.

t jW.W chdpdr, A runner, mounted mes-
senger, courier; post; mail.

t <uU. cliapiir-khdna., Relay-station

for a mounted messenger, post-house (m.c);
— rdhi chdpdr-khdna, The high road (m.c).

,_5jb^. chdpdrl, Travelling by post ; post ;
— ba-ckdpdn randan, To travel at or break
into a courier's pace.

diU chdp-khdna, Printing-house,

printing office ; — chdp-khd.naH daulatl, Go-
vernment printing office.

(Jj^- chfipuq, = q.v.

chdplos, A flatterer ; flattery.

^j-jlj^ cMplost, Flattery, adulation; —
ehwplosi kardan (numudan), To flatter, to
fawn, to court.

chdpila, Bald in consequence of

scab.

■r chdpaul, A raid, inroad, razzia.

t <y-**A&- cMjpulan, To overrun, to make an
incursion, to invade (ru.c).

&^ chdpa, A seal, stamp, print.

^jsU. chdpub, Bags (unsupported by ex-
amples).

Jji^ chdpuq, A gusset.

j>\<* chdtu, A halter, rope to hang felons.

E^- chdeh, A heap of corn threshed and
winnowed; name of a city in Turkistan
famed for the bows made there: hence,
kamani chdchi, Bows brought from that
place, which were not affected by heat or
damp.

aUU. chdchala, A rustic shoe of raw lea-
ther.

chdchi, Of or referring to Chach ; a
bow made there (see e^-).

jjy&t^ chdkkshiiq, = q.v.

} jW chddar, A tent, pavilion ; a mantle,
scarf ; a veil ; ;t sheet ; ,i shroud, winding-
sheet ; a table-cloth ; — chddari db, A water-
fall, a cascade ; — chddari ihrdm (according
to somu ajrdm or ahrdmiyd/n), Snow ; — chd-
dari ajsdd, The four elements ; — chddar az
pusht har-hashldan, To take a mantle off
the shoulder ; — chadari azhdahd, The four
elements ; — chddar ba-chihra, (dar ear)
hiskiddn, To draw a veil over the face or
head ; — chddar bar kitf afgandan (poskidan)
To throw a mantle over the shoulder; —

( 384 ) ;U

ch&dar ba-yah shdjeh afgandan, To remove
the veil ; — chadari tared, The sun ; the sun's
rays; light; a blue and yellow garment; —
ohddar talcanidan (takidan), To pitch a
tent ; — chadari khwdb, Bed-curtains ; — cha-
dari rakhti khwdb, A canvas wrapper in
winch bed-clothes are tied up ; — chddar
xadan, To pitch a tent ; — chadari sar-karda,
A face-veil ; — chadari shab, Bed-sheets j
a large veil, covering the whole dress ; —
chadari qalandarl, A sort of tent ; — chadari
kdfurt, The dawn ; sunshine ; — chadari
kabud {ItuhU,) The heavens ; a dark night ; —
chadari lajatvard, The azure sky ; a verdant
meadow; — chadari yazdi, A kind of woman's
veil.

^.xUi Jt >la. chddar'poshi qalandarl, A
gipsy tent (ra.c).

^•u&jjjic. chddar-figandl, A kind of tent,
)>fa chddar-girifta, Veiled.

O*** j>fa chddar-nishin, A dweller in a
tent ; a nomad.

fa char (contracted from chahdr). Pour ;
a potter's kiln ; able ; (for chdrali) remedy,
cure ; (S. chdra) an explorer ; — char andar
char gujian, To talk idly, nonsensically, de-
liriously; — char daur (dar chdrdaur), From
four sides, from every side, completely ; —
du char ehwlan, Two (eyes) become four,
i.e. to meet another.

tf\ fa chur-abrtl, A kind of dervish who
shaves his eye-brows and whiskers ; (met.)
a lover ; meeting between two persons.

f**\ fa char dkjtur, The four elements ;
four stars it) the Great Bear.

e*&<^ fa char ahhshlj, ytyfa; char ar-
hdn, ^Jt<i'j\ fa char azhdahu, The four ele-
ments.

s—\ fa char ash, A team of four horses.

s^V~ > fa cJwr asbab, The four faculties,
viz. of attraction, retention, digestion, and
repulsion ; the four elements.

oU«.) fa char ustdd, The four elements.
fa char dylna, A kind of armour.

£ll fa char bdgh A palace ; name of a
celebrated royal garden in the environs of
Ispahan ; also near Dehli ; hence in general
a royal garden or park.

fa char baliBh, fa char bd-

lisht, The four elements ; a kind of large
cushion, on which great men sit or recline ;
u. throne ; the world ; — char bdlishi arkdn,
Heat, cold, drynesB, and moisture.

nXsij^ char-bang, Sensible, quick, alert.

jjt fa char-bird, Name of a city.

(j^j* fa char-bivdl, Of or belonging to
Charbird.

fa char band, The world.

^Aij fa chdr-bandi, A wallet ; the world, j

£*> fa char beili, Endive-root, fennel- j
root, caper- root, and parsley-root ; the four I
elements.

\ fa char pa, A quadruped ; a bedstead ; |
castanets. j

S A char-pdra, Pour-square, in four
parts ; a pair of castanets or virginals i
the patch of a shoe.

<sh fa c ^* r P<*y, fa chdr-pdya, =
kfa q-v.

£» fa char-patch, Quadrangular ; a kind of
tent.

p. fa char-par, A wine-bottle.

fa chdr-pahlu, With four edges
or sides (spear-head) ; a precious chain ; a
full stomach ; — char-pdhlv, thudan (to be-
come four-square), To guttle, gormandise ;
to lie supine.

I* fa chdr-td, ft fa chdr-tdr, ifa fa chdr-
tdra, A four-stringed lute ; a drum ; thi>
four elements ; the world.

«si/ fa chdr-tarh, A kind of quadrangular
hat.

yjj vufa chart zadan, To take a siesta.

•*j j jl fa char takbtr bar o tad, He
deserted him, he abandoned him, as if
dead (from the four Takbirs repeated by
way of burial service over the dead).

fa char jama, Jf- fa chdr jul, A
saddle without a tree ; a valuable saddle-
cloth to adorn a valued old horse ; a horse
covered with a cloth instead of a saddle.

Hfi- fa charjupa, A window-blind.

y*>f>- fa chdr jauhar, The four elements ;
name of four stars in the Great Bear.

^ <jf>-fa chdr juyi fitrat, Pour consti-
tutional habita in man, viz. sanguine, cho-
leric, phlegmatic, and melancholy.

i**vs- fa chdr jihat, Pour sides ; the
whole.

<2"*)fafa char-char zadan, To talk idly,
nonsensically, deliriously.

<2 °/ chdr-chdr kardan, To meet ;

to contend with.

tSJ* fa fa chdr-char-goy, An idle or ab-
surd talker, wandering in one's speech.

/*fa fa chdr-chashm, Pour-eyed (a dog
or sheep), i.e. having a black spot over each
eye ; one who wears spectacles ; a meeting,
interview, eye to eye ; full of desire,
anxious.

fa chdr chand, Quadruple, four times
as much.

^jftfa chdr chub, fa c har chuba, A
frame (m.c).

fa chdr had, East, west, north, south.

<uV*. fa chdr-khdnah, A large cauldron
divided into four compartments ; chequer-
work ; a kind of cloth ; anyone who as-
sumes more than his condition entitles
him to.

a>U. fa chdr-khdya (four- testicled), Bold,
brave, warlike ; addicted to women, potent
in venery.

ft- fa chdr kham, A wrestling trick.

cs&f j fa chdr dang, The four quarters of
the globe ; four grains, to denote a thing
ueither big nor small.

J^j fa chdr dawal, An ox-goad.

( 385 )

^ & chdr-darT, The world.

3*>jk; chdrdah, Fourteen ; the full moon.

chdrdahum, Fourteenth ; full
moon ; (met.) the highest perfection.

char diwdr, Four walls ; the four
quarters of the world;— char diwari nafs,
The body ; the world.

<^;V- J jH- chdr-dlwdn, A court-yard, area.

y\j chdr tanu, A tailor's mode of git-
ting.

\]\~ jH- char-sal, A space of four years ;
fou2' years old,

^SU. jU. cJwr-sdlagi, Space of four years.

y )^ char su, A square ; a market-place ;
a cross-road, two roads crossing ; expecta-
tion.

fcU eftar shdkh, A pronged implement
for winnowing grain,

ehdr-e?tdn<x}i, A dwarf; tough,
hardy, fat, lusty.

chdr-ehambih, Wednesday ; (met,)
the planet Mercury.

v'j* ;W char shub, = )~>J^ q.v.

wyj 1 ^ chdr-zarb, Sensible, shrewd (slave).

&jj Vj- 4 ;W chdr-?arb-zada, One whose
beard, mustachios, eye-brows, and eye-
lashes have been all cut clean away.

char t&q, Four columns, i.e. a prin-
cipal room on the top of Eastern houses,
open in front and supported by four pillars ;
a land of quadrangular tent; a kitchen-
tent ; the elements ; the sky, the firma-
ment.

a ^aie _jW char 'unsur, The four elements.

tfc chamgjk, jfe chdruq, A kind of
rustic shoe.

a s~i chiir qab, A garment peculiar to
the kings of Turan.

charalc, A military commander, a
general ; the leader of a caravan.

ch&r-gama, An ambling nag; tu-
multuous mirth.

slf ; U char-gab (forMJ^q.v.), A pasture-
ground.

throne; a bier; a small table,

J^jSj^ chdr-gosM, A four-handled ewer ;
quadrangular.

mjS^ chdr-giln, Mace ; a saddle-tree.

yGl cMr-langar, A large ship provided
with four anchors.

chdrum, ahdram, The fourth ; — chd-
rum ustwldb, The sun ; the fourth climate;
— chdrum bildd, The fourth climate (Khu-
rasan) ; — charum, kit&b, The fourth book,
i.e. the Kur'an (the other three being the
Pentateuch, Psalms and Gospels).

jjU j\t=; cMr mddar, The four elements
(aee jjU fa).

tjlft. y chdr mar chdra, An inn ; a
stage ; learned.

yk- char maghz (four-kernel), A wal-
nut ; an earthen ball with which children
play.

char gosha, Four-cornered ; a

£*" chdr mekh, The rope upon which
rope-dancers walk or tumble ; also the poles
by which it is stretched and supported ;
the wooden frame of saddles, or of pack-
saddles; a cross, a gibbet; sodomy; the
Sour elements ; — chdrmekhj, haydt, The four
elements ; — chdr mekh shudan, To be cruci-
fied ; to be firmly established, to stand bolt
upright; — chdr mekh kardan, To stretch a
cord for rope-dancers to dance upon; to
crucify ; (met.) to commit sodomy.

OW; 1 * chdrumin, Relating to four ; one of
four; fourth; — bdmi chdrumin, The fourth
heaven ; — Tcfiusrawi sipihri chdrumin, The
monarch of the fourth sphere, i.e. the sun.

f>M chdrumin bam, Fourth heaveu.

^ jW - "har nd-char, Inevitable; of ne-
cessity, whether willing or not willing, no-
Jens volens.

a W**> J* 3 chdr na'l raftan, To trot
(m.c).

«^ chdru, Plaster, mortar.
*p%cKdrwd, A quadruped ; a pony.

fit

chdrwd-ddr, One who lets out
horsesV a groom,
J^v i j^z chdr u chadar, .Remedy, treat*

ment.

£jy^ chdrugh, chdruq, A peasant's

shoe.

J^»^ ) .Ay" chdr u nd-char,

j j^- chdr u haft, The four (elements)
and seven (planets).

chdra, Remedy, cure ; help, succour ;
escape ; being able to dispense with, to do
without ; business, affair ; a knavish trick,
stratagem, scheme ; separation ; mode,
mean, manner, method ; once ; time ; —
chdra-ash chist (chi chdra.), What remedy
is there ? what is to be done ? — chdra bar-
anddkfdan (dddan, daehtan, shinakJitan),
To employ, possess, know or devise a re-
medy ; — chdru'i kdr-rd justan, To seek out
a remedy for the matter, to put a spoke
in one's wheel (m.c.) ; — chdra kardan, To
repair, to remedy ; to seize, take hold of ; —
chdra giriftan, To apply a remedy.
j>ju &,U chdra-pa?lr, Curable.
j\j>> SjU chdra-parddz, One bringing or
applying a remedy.

ft- chdra-ju, i^ft- chdra-jity, Seek-
ing an expedient, or remedy ; using strata-
gem.

jL, ifo ckdra-sdz, Who applies a cure, a
provider of remedy.

^jL. a^U. chara-sdzi, Application of a re-
medy.

jiiC. SjU. charasigal, Who thinks of or
devises a remedy.

j\£ s>^ chdra-kdr, Applying remedies, a
restorer ; aid, assistance ; means, manner.

chdragar, A knave, deceiver, cheat ;
an agent, a messenger.

<Jfii$f charagari, Remedy, cure ; roguery;
comfort.

49

*>V y char a

( 386

Treachery ;

mar chard
open, clear (see y ;W).

fcA>V jW- chdr-ydri, Name of a sect which
venerates especially the four immediate
successors of Muhammad.

"'k char yak, One of four, a fourth ;
also —

uslj)^ chdr-yak-kdr, Name of a place
belonging to Kabul.

jfe chdz, A frog, a paddock.

f<* chazh, SjW chatha, Vain, futile.

<>V chdsh, A heap of winnowed corn;
lint-seed ; a lunch.

<-s-**»^- chasht, l& is-vfcW chdsht-gdh, i&A^
chdsht.ga, The middle hour between sun-
rise and the meridian ; what is then eaten,
breakfast, early dinner, luncheon ; a fourth
of the day ; — chasht Jehwurdan, To take
breakfast ; — chasht dddan, To give a break-
fast.

u^l*- chdshM, A morning meal, breakfast
(opp. to khufti, An evening meal, Bupper).

chdnhddn, A bread-baBket ; a dish
or tray for breakfast.

y^AifcU. chdshakddn, A bread-basket ; a
lady's work-box.

chdshna, Taste, &c(= ^j^W below) ;
— chdshna kardan, To taste.

L y A '«? chdshnl, Taste ; relish ; a taste by
way of a sample ; a specimen ; proof, trial ;
quality ; the first stroke or two on a drum ;
— chashnl dar buni danddn uftad, To get
a taste of a thing ; — chashni'i dil. Kind
words ; — chdshnl'i subh, The brightness of
dawn ; — chashnl kardan, To assay ; (it is
moreover construed with the verbs bar-
giriftan, buland shudan, dddan, ddshtan,
shindkhtan, fashurdan, and giriftan).

_r*Slu4iU. chdshmgir, A taster to a prince ;
a cupbearer ; a carver.

£^ chdgk, Time, season, an hour (or the
twelfth part of every civil day) ; a spider.

J^WC chd ghddwul, = q.v.

t j\ chdq, Time ; health ; healthy, well ;
Btout, obese ; — chdq shtid, He became
well.

•r chdqshur, jj^V chdqshur, A kind
of red hose.

t ji^- chdqu, A knife (m.c.) ; — chdqu datta
kardan, To bury one's head in the collar ;
to be closed (like a flower-bud) ; to commit
pederasty.

t chdql, Stoutness,

obesity.

chdk, A fissure, rupture,
rent ; a bond or note of hand ;
day-break ; the sound made by the blow of
a sword ; a loop-hole, fan-light ; ready, pre-
pared chdki saut, The glottis; — chdk
kardan, To tear ; (also construed with the
verbs angekhtan, khwurdan, shudan, zadan,
kushddan, and nihddan,).

cs!^^ chdkdchdk, Noise ; din of swords ;
full of cracks, chinks, or clefts.

corpulency,

cleft, crack,
title deeds ;

)

U-M^V chdkdnidan, To drop, distil.

. chdk-pusht (corruption of

«~*>{ q.v.), (A horse) high in the withers and
ramp, and depressed in the girth.

«s5v&- «a!^. chak-chdk, A clash of swords;
cleft ; — chak-chdk kardan, To tear in pieces.

1^ chdkar, A servant ; apprentice ;
maid.

fc)^r*V chdkwr&n-zamm, Lands ap-
propriated to the maintenance of public
servants.

<^V chdkari, Servitude; apprenticeship;
— chdkari kardan. To serve, to do service.

y£ ^ chdksu, chakshu, A small black
shining grain mixed up with camphor into
an ointment for the eyes.

chakal, A ewer, a water- jug.
ch&ku, A clasp-knife, a penknife.

Jfi<*$ chdkoch, A mallet, hammer.
^- chdl, Grizzled ; a sorrel horse ; a
hole in which weavers put their feet ; a hole
wherein one may stand upright without
being buried; a ravine (m.c); a bird's
nest ; a wager, a stake at play ; a bustard;
a beautiful kind of partridge ; name of a
certain water-fowl, a moor-hen ; whey ;
name of a town in the district of Kazwin ;
— chdli shutur, Camel's whey ; — chdl kar-
dan, To win, to carry off the stakes.

H chdl, A distance of two parasangs ;
gait, pace ; name of a fish.

>*S^ chdldk, Ingenious ; vigilant ; quick;
nimble, clever-handed ; active, smart, labo-
rious, hard-working ; skittish ; a lofty
dwelling-place; a highwayman, a cut-
throat.

i^/S^- chdldkl, Alacrity, quickness, speed ;
skittishness ; vigilance ; smartness, inge-
nuity.

(jS^ chdldn, Invoice, bill of lading;
transportation.

■^~H J^- chdl-pusht, Swayed, hollow-
backed.

u't^h chalpos, A flatterer; a muleteer
(see o-A^)-

(ji!^ chdlish, Elegant gait, graceful mo-
tion ; stateliness ; coition ; manner, con-
duct ; battle.

chdlishgar, A swinger ; a warrior ;
lecherous.

^Xa!^ chalishgari, Warlike action.

a u*^^f chdl-hauz, A large basin or
tank in which one can stand upright with-
out being submerged (m.c).

a jU« JW chdl-qimdr, A stake, bet.

y V chdlu, <*J^ chala, A vault, a reposi-
tory for grain, not more than two or three
yards deep.

chdli, A kind of duck.
chdllr, A deep ditch or pit ; — az chdh
bar-dmadani u dar chalir uftddam,! jumped
out of the frying-pan and fell into the fire.

chdlish, A pompous, stately walk ;

war.

( 387 )

<^^t chaltk, The game of tip-cat.

1>\ chdm, Bent, curved, twisted; a grain ;
a button ; method, manner ; a fold ; (in
comp.) fold ; a valley ; low ground.

i*W chdm-chdm, Tangled, intricate,
mazy,

j"W chdmiis, = ^o-^- q.v.

cham-gir, Pleasant, affable, atten-
tive.

v>**^- chdmosh, A kind of shoe.

chdma, A poem not exceeding seven-
teen couplets ; a song ; a word.

yUiuU chdmadan, Eloquent ; an orator.

isf <UU chama-goy, Singer of odes; a
poet.

0>V»W- chdmidan, To make water ; to
blow.

chdmlr, ys*^ and —
cteum, Urine ; excrement.

(jSj^ chdnieh, A pompous walk ; war.

t chanqi, A council ; consultation,
deliberation (see ^U-).

chana, The lower jaw-bone ; the
chin ; -jaw, jabber, talk ; a dropping, dis-
tilling; a lump of dough, enough to make
a cake j a cup ; — chana bl-jd zadan, or
simply chana tsadan, To jaw, to chatter, to
gossip (m.c).

>^ cftdu, (in Tartar) Paper money.

)\ chdv chdv, The chirping or noise of
sparrows or other birds (especially when
terrified for themselves or young by a
hawk) ; the first relators of bad news.

otytjV cliuvchdwiin, Indirect, swerving.

t J*fe chdwush, A sergeant, a beadle ; a
herald ; the leader of an army or cara-
van.

chdwale, A lark (see

^)^r vhdwala, A hundred-leaved rose;
uneven, awry.

ij 1 )^ chdvU, A winnowing fan of reeds.

t chdwush, A sergeant, a beadle ;
any officer that precedes a magistrate or
great man; a herald, pursuivant, messenger;
a chief, a leader ; the head of a caravan (see

•»>>^ chdwid, Chirping of sparrows.

y*i>V chawidan, To chirp (as frightened
sparrows); to cry aloud; to masticate,
chew.

% chdh, A well, pit ; a prison, dungeon ;
a snare ; — ehdhi abl kaniid (kabud), A well
at Tripoli whose water is said to stultify ;
— chahi babil, The pit of Babel, i.e. a well
where two fabulous angels, called Harut
and Marut, are said to hang with their
heads downwards and to teach magic to
mankind; — chahi btzhan (bljan, puqir), The
well in which Bizban was imprisoned by
Afrasiyab ; — chahi pukhta, A bricked well ;
— chahi pad, The world ; — chahi zaqan (za-
nahh, tsanakhddn, g]iabgKab), The pit of the
chin, a dimple ; — chahi rustam, The pit,
filled with swordB and spears, into which

Rustam was enticed by his brother Sha-
ghad ; — chahi mj (sitara~joy) , A subterranean
astronomical observatory ; — chahi znhndni
(the dark pit), The world ; the body ; —
chahi mabraz, A cesspool, a privy ; — chahi
muqanna' (nakhshab), Name of a well in
Turkistan from which the magician Mu-
qanna' produced a moon shedding rays four
parasangs long ; the face of a mistress ; —
chahi yumf, The well into which Joseph
was thrown by his brothers.

chdh-jo, An instrument for draw-
ing out anything fallen into a well ; a
digger of wells.

)ft *^ chdh-chawar, Ladies' trousers for
out-door wear.

a jlo chdh-dalw, Aquarius ; the world.

jUIaU. chdh-sdr, A well's mouth ; a well,
pit.

chdhak, A little well ; a dimple ; a
weaver's treadle (see \~-chdhaM sarid,
A hollow in a pudding into which sauce
is poured ;-- chdhaki gosh, The ear-hole.

chdh-kan, A digger of wells ; an
instrument for dragging a well.

<i*^- chdha, A deep ditch.

yj^L^ chdhldan, To feel cold ; to chatter
(as the teeth).

jyfcW ch&h-yim, An instrument for clean-
ing out a well ; a grappling iron for draw-
ing out anything that has fallen into a
well.

chdy, Tea; — chdyi kjhatd'i, Chinese
tea ; — chdy khwurdafl, sarfi chdy kardan
(numudan), To take tea ; — chdyi natnsa,
Javanese tea.

cha'idan (vulg. for q.v.),
To feel cold, to take a chill.

chabdn, An ulcer, abscess.
ej-V?- chabtan, A purse,
u^^**^- chabg&ut, ""j*^- chabgjiut, A bed ;
a couch ; a pillow, cushion ; old faded ta-
pestry or hangings ; wom-out clothes ;
quilting.

u*£#i chablo8, A flatterer, wheedler, de-
ceiver.

t iip^ chibiiq, A (water-) pipe ; — chibuq
kashidan, To smoke a pipe (m.c!).

Sje*?- chablra, Ready, prepared; assem.
bled ; an assembly, congregation, meeting.

<^«<r chabbln, chubbm, A bread-basket. _

^3-15- chap, The left side ; discordant, in-
harmonious ; — chap uftddaii (bastan), To
oppose; to use stratagem; — chap dddan,
To sew on a patch; to deceive, betray,
forsake ; to drive away, to repel ; — chap
raftan, To oppose ; to use stratagem ; — chap
shudan, To rebel, decline, turn away ; —
chap u rdst (lit. left and right), Unsteadi-
ness, carelessness, want of principle ; —
pahlu'i chapash-rd, At his left hand (m.c.) ;
— dasti chap, The left band.

^ chapd, The left side ; leftward.

""V? chapdt, chappdt, A slap on the face.

( 388 )

o'W chapdtl, A thin cake ; a fritter.

chapdr, Spotted, speckled, mottled
(particularly applied to a green dove and
a horse both spotted black).

£\fr chapdgh., chipagh, A shad, sheath,
thunny.

<y^ chapdn, chuppa?i, Tattered gar-
ments.

V'v chap*andaz, Throwing the arrow
with the left hand ; amphidexterous j a
deceiver, cheat, rogue ; stratagem, fraud.

(j'V?' chapdni, chappdni, A knave ; clad
in rags.

O^V? - chapdnldan, To squeeze, com-
press.

T JjW chapdwal, An attack, a charge (see

y>V?^ chapchdp, A smacking kiss,
urt- s-**- ckap-chapi, Cornelian. tree, dog-
wood (Cornus Ban guinea).

chapchala, Clayey, slippery ground ;
a marsh, morass (m.c.) ; a boy's slide down
a slope ; a swing.

j^-Vf chipdar, y\-V^ chipdm, A boot-
stocking.

chap-dad, Left-handed.

^ chapar, A circle, ring ; a thong put
under a seam to strengthen it ; a palisade ;
a wooden hut ; (for T. J^r) a runner, a
mounted messenger.

H u*h chap-ras, A badge.

ci~-\) i^j. chap-rilst, A silk button ; a
buckle, breastplate, badge ; unsteadiness (a
turning from left to right and vice versa).

)) chap-rav, Going to the left.

chapsldan, To adhere, stick to-
gether,

yj* ^ ohapsida shudan, To adhere.

chapsin, Plaster, mortar,
tr^- chapish, cliapwh, A yearling kid.

chaphan, A sort of short coat.
J$<*- chapal, Filthy, nasty, disgusting,
y^tft chapldn, Hose worn over boots.

ckupldkang. Bark and seed of
the purging root turpethum ; a lopped
branch of a tree.

usU^ chiplak, Indecent ; defiled, polluted.
y*jLt- chaplos, A flatterer,

chapla, A blow, a box on the ear.
•sU-Vs- chipinlik, A mosquito-tent.
ff* chapu, Plunder, pillage, sack (see
of which it is probably a corruption).
A-f chapa, A sagacious dog; an oar; —
chappa, and —

4^- chappa-dast, Left-handed.
0-^^?- chapldan, To lean to the left side ;
to turn completely over.

t^-^- chuppin, A wicker bread-basket.
^ chair (S. chhatra), An umbrella,
parasol (especially as an ensign of royalty) ;
a tent ; a tuft of hair on the crown of the
head ; — chatri ab-gun (mind), The firma-
ment j — chair dar chatri chine (lease) kashi-
dan, To vie with in quality or degree ; —

chatri roe (zarin, sahar, nur), The sun ; —
chatri mmawi (slmabi, slmin), The full
moon j — chatri 'ambarin, Night ; — chatri
huhll, The sky ; a dark cloud ; — chatri
la'l, A sunshade studded with rubies (one
of the insignia of royalty) ; — chatri mar, A
toad-stool; — chair {chatri td'us) zadan, To
walk on the hands with the feet in the air ;
to place an umbrella over one's head; —
chatr kushddan, To vie with, to contend.

chatr ah, Spleen- wort, milt- wort
(Ceterach officinarum).

O^f^ chairman, A governor, basha.

T chatldquj, sy*^r chatldquch, A

certain fruit called ban or habbatu 'l-khazrd\

y*Z chatu, A veil, a covering.

^j** chutuk, A sparrow.
chita, — q.v.

y**^ chatm, The elevated parts of a
saddle in front and at the back.

e ^ a j, tfz chach, A kind of sieve ; a
pronged instrument for winnowing corn.

chachurgha, The thong of a whip ;
a kind of whip.

^W?- chachaJc, A rose ; — chachah, chu-
chvh, A lovely cheek ; a mole, a spot.

t ^£^J»■ chichah, The chicken-pox.

a^j* chachala, A slippery place ; a boy's
slide; — chuchula, Lingula.
cliuchu, A nipple.

chakh, Labour, attention, active exer-
tion ; war, enmity, opposition ; a flying in
the face of anybody ; a scabbard ; dross,
filth.

chakhdehakh. Clash of swords ;

strife.

0 5sh>-Uj»- chahhdchakhl, Wrangle, dispute.
chakhdn, Squabbling ; striving ;
name of a place.

chahht, Concupiscence, inordinate
desire (unsupported by examples).

j^stf chakhjir (from T. j^W),
chakjijira, A kind of wide trousers which
tie round the ankle.

chakhsh, A swelling in the throat
giving no pain, a goitre.

uiiaifc- chajehak, A mole, freckle ; the cheek ;
small-pox.

fcWi<»- chakhmdkh, A little bag in which
soldiers carry their comb, needles, &c. ; a
fire-steel or tinder-box ; a battle-axe fas-
tened to the saddle.

t chakhrndgK, J^fe 1 ?- chakkmdq, A

fire-flint ; a soldier's case for keeping a
comb, needles, Ac. ; a kind of battle-axe.

chakhl, chiJcM, Contention, strife ;
endeavour (see the following).

yjiesfe^. chakhidan, To strive, endeavour ;
to contend, quarrel ; to breathe ; — to slip,
to fall; to twist (the last two meanings
unsupported by examples).

*-*aaa<* chakhida, Stricken.

(j)*^ chakhin, chifchm, filthy, mattery,
purulent.

( 389 )

;W chidar, chadar. Cord or silk fetters
for horses.

chadr, A four-year old she-camel ; —
chadar, Remedy, cure ; — chaddar, A sheet ;
a table-cloth ; a veil.
\)^; chudiirwa, The aloes-plant.

chidan (for chldan), To collect,

gather.

chida, Gathered.

ft char, A song ; music ; (in the dialect
of Sistan) a water-wheel ; — chur, The organ
of generation.

\ft chard, Pasturing, grazing ; [chard
kardan, To pasture ; — dar chard dmadan,
To go to pasture;] — chira, Why ? where-
fore?

&*\ft charaba,, Cream.

W\ft chard- jd, A field for gi-azing.

&ft chirdkk,A. lamp (see £\ft).

fly^ft chard-Jckwdr, A meadow for gra-
zing; a grazing animal; feeding like an
animal.

tyf^ft chirdkh-wdra, A candlestick.

^ft chard-khwur, A meadow ; a pas-
ture ; (an animal) grazing.

jtyft chardzdr, Grazing ground.

<d~\ft chardsak, A uoisy grasshopper ;
the corn-cricket.

\*~\ft chardeiyd, A cherry (see

$ft chirdgh, A lamp; light ; the wick of
a candle ; a guide, director ; a client, depen-
dant; a horse's rearing; apasture; — chirdgh
az ckaekm (dlda) paridan (jastan, jahidan),
Sparks fly from the eye (as in consequence
of a violent blow, &C.) ; — chirdgh az dam
kuehtan, To blow out the candle; — chiraghi
asmdn (jahdn, jahdn-tdb), The sun; moon-
light ; — chiraghi bahri, A beacon-fire (m.c);
— chmlghi bangdl, Bengal lights (m.c.) ; —
chiraghi turbat, A lamp lighted in a
sepulchre ; — chiraghi ttt~rd raughan afzun
kunad, He (God) increases your happiness
or lengthens yoor life; — chiraghi chaskm
(light of the eye), Offspring ; — chirdgh
khwdeian, To ask for alms (see o*W) > —
chira gh i dar zlri daman. The lover is close
by ; — chiraghi ?oz, The sun ; — chiraghi roz
parwdna shudan. The sun becomes obscured ;
the sun Bets ; — chirdgh roshan, (May your)
candle (be) bright (said in wishing success) ;
—chirdgh sozad, The candle burns brightly ;
(met.) he obtains his wish; — chiraghi sipihr,
Sun, moon, and stars ; — chiraghi sahar,
The sun ; the morning star ; — chird gh
shudan, To shine, be bright ; to become a
client ; — chirdgM 'dlam-afroz, A lamp illu-
minating the world, i.e. a thing known
to all ; the sun ; — chiraghi hase hur shawal,
One dies without leaving offspring; — chi-
rdgh kuthtan, To extinguish a candle ; —
chirdgM gdz, A gas-lamp (m.c.) ; — chirdgh
giriftan, To snuff the candle (m.c.) ; — chi-
rdgh gul kardan, To make the candle bum
bright, and, by opposition, to extinguish

it ; — chirdgh.' tnazdr, A lamp lighted in a
sepulchre ; — chiraghi mughdn, Wine ; — chi-
raghi mushi, A lamp for illuminations ; a
fairy-lamp (m.c.) ; — chiraghi nazr, A votive
lamp in the sepulchre of a saint; — ba-chirdgh
rasldan, To become fortunate ; to enter the
service of a wealthy or powerful man.

cMrdgh-dkhnr, Affluence, plenty.

yW^ chirdghdn, Lamps ; an illumina-
tion (m.c.) ; — chirdghitnl rozi is/and, A fes-
tive illumination on the third of the five
intercalary days ; — chirdghdn kardan, To
illuminate (m.c.) ; to inflict a cruel kind of
punishment by placing burning lights into
the wounds of a lashed culprit.

45 \**\^ chirdgh-bdna, A lamp-stand ; a
candlestick.

V &ft chiragA-hara, A lamp ; a stand or
vessel for a lamp ; a horse rearing.

^ft chirdgh-pd, *>^. chir/xgh-pdya,
Foot of a lamp ; portable lamp ; candle-
stick; a horse rearing.

Bjj £}f? chirdgh-para, A candle-inoth.

■ )t J&£ £^ chirdgh-parhez, A lantern, a
screen to preserve a candle from the wind.

* ts^W chirdghchi, A lamp-lighter ; =

t)l^^ chirdghddn, A stand for a lamp.
chirdgbak, A little lamp ; a glow-
worm.

Lr^^fi chirdgh-kush, Engaged in any
shameful work that shuns the light.

^La^ £1^ chird'jh-kushdni, A dark deed.

ti^\ft chirdghla, A glow-worm.

chirdgh-mast, Inebriated with
light, i.e. excited to break out in song (a
nightingale exposed of an evening to the
brilliancy of light to make her sing); —
chirdgh-mast shudan, To begin to warble
thus stimulated.

chirdghanda, A lamp-stand.

Sjl^jij. chirdgh-vidra, A lamp-stand; a
sci«en to preserve a candle from the wind.

chird gh-wdsa, A moth flying
round a candle.

bflyt chiragh-wara, A candlestick ; a
horse rea2'ing; a moth flying round the
candle.

tj&ft chiraghi, Land bestowed for the
lighting up of a Muhammadan mosque or
tomb ; a present made to a Mulla for offer-
ing up oblations at the tomb of a saint ;
alms given to beggars who walk the street
at night, as the sect called Naqshbandi j
a present to soothsayers.

s-~£\ft chardkisa, The Circassians (m.c.).
chirdki, Because that.

i^ft chard-gdh, <&\ft chard-gah, A pas-
ture.

flft char agar, A grazing animal ; an
animal led to the pasture.

p\ft char dm, i^a^ft chardmin, A meadow,
pasture, field for grazing ; forage.

yjuU^ chardmdndan, To allow to graze.

( 390 )

t>W chardn, (A beast) grazing ; grazers.

O^fy^ chardndan, To graze.

*Jilj». chardnda, A shepherd.

($^\fir chardnidan, To cause to graze,
lead to pasture.

B^fyr charayanda, Grazing ; a grazier.

j_sfy»- chara'i, Price paid for pasturage,
agistment; — ckird'i, Wherefore art thou?

h Wfy* chard'Ud, A kind of gentian
(Gentiana cherayta).

thsityr chardyln, = q-v., of which

it is perhaps a misreading.

s-y^ charb, Fat, greasy; viscous, gluti-
nous ; thick, grumous ; smooth ; corpulent ;
conquering, overcoming ; prevailing ; a
kind of water ; — charh dadan, To prevail,
to overcome; — charb kardan, To anoint,
rub, make supple and sleek ; to oil, to lu-
bricate (m.c.).

m*^ s-*/? charb-dkhipur, A full cratch.

% vy? charb-bala, Tall, handsome.

y-ki ^ft charb-pahla, Fat; a man from
whom one gains profit and advantage.

f v/r charbtar, Better, preponderating.

charb-datt. One who has a deft
hand at work ; expert, dexterous ; wise, in-
telligent; wily.

ts*— > wfi- charb-dasti, Manual dexterity.

ttfft charb-rud, Pat upon the entrails.

<jWj v/j- charb-zabdn, One who has a
smooth tongue to persuade, wheedle, or
deceive, glib-tongued ; agreeable, conver-
sable, entertaining; eloquent.

o'Vj V)* charb-zabdni, Persuasion, flat-
tery.

s»y? charbsukjiani, Coaxing, flat-
tery.

(jt-jft- charbieh, Pat, fat of broth ; obesity.

charbish-d&r, Fat, greasy.
o£**r <J"*fi charbish-giriftagl, Greasiness.
i&f? charbish-girifta, Tat, greasy.
charb-shlrln, Savoury food.
a U& s^- charb-ghiza, Dainties, viands.
a <*««U cterb-jomai, Tall and ele-
gant.

uXijc* charbak, A thin cake or wafer fried
in oil and given away at funeral obsequies ;
cream ; thin paper for tracing drawings ; —
churbak, A plausible lie ; slander, evil sur-
mise; sarcasm, cuttin g irony ; jesting; buf-
foonery ; shame ; an enigma.

<fi v>j^ charb-go, Glib-tongued ; agreeable
talker ; eloquent.

ks)\iv>>?- charbnak, Rich (milk).

^3>y v»j^- charb-narmi, Meekness, lenity,
gentleness.

charb-nimr, Fat and lean (meat).

jt*- charbil, Fat ; fatness ; glue ; starch.

uziii. ^ charb u khushk, Good and
bad ; more or less ; liberality and avarice ;
liberal and churlish.

&tj$ charba, Thin paper used for tracing
writing or drawing ; fatness ; cream ; a
spinning-wheel ; a lathe.

fjtfi charbt, Fat, grease; suet; mildness,
softness ; rectitude ; bravery ; facility, ease ;
success, prosperity ; — charbt as magh&i hdr
angekhtan. To draw advantage from, to
profit by ; — charbt kardan, To proceed
slowly.

^° d>fir charbi-dar, Fat, sleek, or pursy.

y^ttf? charbidan, To prevail, be victorious;
to dip, preponderate (as a scale) ; to
abound.

vuji* chart, vulg. churt, Drowsiness ; —
churt zadan, To take a nap ; to be drowsy ;
to slumber (comp. ^jV)-

j^jfc churti, Drowsy (m.c).

&)i> charta, Colour, hue.

tft charkh (Z. chakhra, S. chakra),
Everything revolving in an orbit, as a
wheel, wheeled carriage, pulley, watch -
wheel, mill-wheel, water-wheel, spinning-
wheel, turner's, cutler's, or other artificer's
wheel ; a wine-preas ; circular motion ; the
circular dance of the Muhammadan der-
vishes; the celestial globe, the heavenly
sphere j fortune ; a cupola, dome ; a cart ;
a cross-bow ; a bow in a very tense state ;
a machine for separating cotton from the
seed ; collar of a garment ; a shirt ; a white
falcon, a hyena ; name of a city in Khura-
san ; (for q.v.) a hawk ; — charkhi <ib-
kashi, A pulley for drawing water ; — charkhi
asir {aJchzar, tarsd-jdma, sufi-labds, gan-
dand-giin), The ethereal sphere, or that of
the moon; — charkhi atlas (akbar, barm,
nuhum), The crystalline sphere (where the
Muhammadans imagine the throne of God
is fixed); — charkhi pir, The sky, the celes-
tial sphere, fortune ; — charkhi taM-ru, A
starless sky ; — charkhi chdrum (chdha-
rum), The fourth, i.e. solar sphere ; — char-
khi ehaqH-tlz-kun, A knife-grinding wheel
(m.c.) ; — charkhi chamburl (doldbl, mudau-
war), Celestial sphere ; — charkh khmirdan,
To revolve (m.c.) ; — charkh dddan, To
wheel round (m.c.) ; — charkhi dauwdr, Re-
volving heaven; changeable fortune; —
charkh mdan, To turn, to spin-, — cliarkM
zarin-ligam (zarin-kd&a), Fourth heaven, i.e.
solar sphere ; — charkhi sitam-kdr (gadddr),
Adverse fortune ; the treacherous world ; —
charkhi sang-dil, First and fourth sphere,
i.e. those of the moon and the sun; —
charkhi ghalla, A corn-cart ;— charkhi falak,
The passion-flower; — charkhi kabud (kabud-
jdma, mind), Azure sky ; the heart ; — char-
khi ktna-sdz, Fortune, preparing mischief,
i.e. unhappy fate ; — charkhi muqamvas, The
celestial orb ; the Zodiac.

^U.^ charkh-ab, A water-wheel; a whirl-
pool.

tfr charkh-anddtt, Archer, bowman,
t? tfi charkh-tegh, The sword of the
sphere.

i^f. tft- charkh - khwiirda. Revolving
(m.c).

6* ( 89

u£ ^~ -) tfr charkh-risak, Name of a noisy
chirping insect ; also of a bird.

(tfj fyt charkh-zan, A spinner ; a dancer ;
a traveller,

tf$ charkh-saz, Moving in, or formiDg
a circle ; circular.

charkhnst, charfchast. and —
«-t-s.j& charhhusht, Wine, oil, or other
press,

tfr chark^-kamdn, A crossbow, a
powerful bow.

0<>j i^^fi charJehaM zadan, To dance for
joy (as victorious wrestlers).

Mifi charkh-gah, A place of dancing;
(met.) a circle of dancers (as dervishes in
their ecstasy).

charkhala. Succory ; also its flower ;
a thistle.

dfy* charkjiuk, A spinning-top.

ft charkha, A wheel of any kind ; a
reel; the axis of a pulley; an Arabian
thorn or thistle ; a nag, jade ; — charkha'i
abnus, The sky ; the first sphere ; — char-
kha'i tir, The point of an arrow or javelin ;
— charkha zadan, To spin.

j*> charkha-tir, An axle-tree.

t>) charkha-zan, A spinner.

charkhi. Spherical ; celestial ;
voluble ; a kind of fireworks, catharine-
wheel; a dumb waiter; a pulley; soaring
in a circle ; a machine for separating cotton
from the seed ; a silken vest ; satin ; a
privy.

chard, A sill ; — charad, A bay colour ;
—charrad, A fray, broil, battle.

* J ;<5- char da, A bay horse ; a blackish lo-
cust; skin; (for 4*^ q.v.) colour, hue;
when added to nouns of colour, it denotes
an approach to the tint which such noun
expresses, as giyah-charda, Blackish, tend-
ing to black ; — zard-charda, Yellowish, of a
straw-colour, somewhat yellow.

)f; charz, A bustard; a bird of game,
whose flesh is delicate and tender ; a lark.

i)fr charm, Skin of the face or body ;
green, blackish ; a bay horse.

charas, A prison ; confinement ;
pain ; the rack ; a vat in which they press
out the juice of grapes by treading ; a field
for pasture; alms; — chars, Condensed In-
dian hemp-juice.

charist, chirist, Gnashing of teeth ;
weakness ; — charist kardan, To gnash the
teeth.

^jux-j^- charattidan, chiristldan, To gnash,
^jc.. charasdtin, A mendicant's scrip.

d*f$ charask, Bruised barley or wheat ; a
feast, a festive gathering ; — also charish,
Pasture ; taste, flavour.

tfr chargh, A bird of the hawk kind.

ylAji*. charghdn, A seal for public deeds,
a royal signature.

eMrgifld, A cricket.

Joij^ charghflnd, bAitf; chargkand.fi,

)

Sheep's guts filled with meat ; the standish
of a lamp.

y^r* chargkanu, A wine-vessel ; a musical
instrument.

Jj^f? charg&til, charghun, Lamb's

tongue.

charh, A bird which hangs by its
claws and chirps during the night ; — chirk,
Dirt, filth; matter; spittle; [chirki dhan,
Dross of iron ; — chirk-ra giriftan, To clean
off dirt; — chirhi-gosh, Ear-wax;] — charak,
A wound, sore.

chirk~ab, Dirty water ; hog-wash.
dy* chirk-dlud, Filthy, dirty, squalid.

vA» us)^ chirk-tab, A pure colour, as a
decided green, or red, &c.

u~£j$ charkas, chirkas, A Circassian.

sja jj^ chirk-shuda, Soiled (m.c).

aW^ charkamak, Name of a small bird.

(jXft chirkin, A running sore; temporal
goods; nasty, dirty.

<a!U chirkndk, Dirty, filthy.

chirhndki, Dirtiness, nastiness.

i^fi chirkin, Nasty, filthy, slovenly ;
sordid ; rusty, mouldy ; deformed, ugly,
unsightly ; dung ; — chirkin shudan, To be
dirty, base, disfigured.

tj^fft chirkim, Dirtiness, nastiness.

£fi; chargar, A musician ; a singer ; —
churgar, A mufti ; a priest presiding at
prayer ; a prophet.

tffir chargah, An immense ring made by
huntsmen, converging inwards.

pft charm (S. charman), Skin, hide ;
leather; cow-leather, for making sandals,
or soles of shoes and slippers ; coarse
camel-leather ; [charm budan, To prevail
over ; — charmi kjuxm, Guts for making bow-
strings ; — charmi sher, A thong, a lash ;
— charmi kaman (gor, gauzan), A bow-
string ; — charmi gdv, A thong, lash,
scourge ; — charmi gurg, A large drum,
kettle-drum;] — charam, Name of a place.

a^ffi- eharmddn, A leathern purse or
bag.

charm-iaz, Worker in leather, cur-
rier.

^-fi charmak, The ball on a spindle ; —
churmak, A riddle.

charmgar, A leather-dresser, cur-
rier.

i-*)t* charrna, A horse ; a white or grey
horse ; hire of infamous boys ; leathern ; a
dildo.

S$y> charrna-pulad, Iron-grey horse,
i^vfi charmln, &***f? charmlna, Leathern ;
a dildo.

jjj &-~*f; charmina-doz, A shoe-maker.
i^f; charmina-farosh, Shoe-vendor.
charand, Grazing ; a quadruped; —
charand u pamnd (grazer and flier), Beasts
and birds.

JJyj- charand-ab, A place in Tabriz,
charandu, Gristle ; grazing.

OS*

( 392 )

charanda, A grazer, grazing animal ;
a reptile, or whatever creeps on its belly ;
gristle.

chiring, The jingling or tinkling of
bells ; the clash of swords ; echo.

ud&r? charangak, Name of a small bird.

Q^&f; chiringidan, To jingle, tinkle,
rattle.

J^p^ charwish (for charbish), Fatness,
obesity ; fat seen under the skin.

dtft charuk, Bread ; bread kept in a wal-
let to serve as travelling provision; — charuk ,
charwak, Crumbled bread \—churuk, A ply,
fold ; (forT. d^), rotten, decayed.

eharun, The old name of Ormuz.

H i^rrxfr chironji, ^jf? chironchl, The
nut of the Chironjia sapida.

■Xjfr charwand, charwanda,, A sort of lan-
tern or case for a lamp ; a lamp. stand.

^iit charioanda, Running; going; im-
ploring help.

i)^)fr charwidan, To seek help ; to go.

8A} Afr oharw'ida, Seeking aid ; running,

s^> chura, A beardless youth; — churra
(for a)V q.v.), Active, quick, &c.
charhawaz, A bat.

O^jf charidan (S. char), To graze, pas-
ture.

J charidani, Fit for grazing, graze-
able.

ijtef* charyish, Fatness, obesity.

uAty* charlk, Auxiliary forces ; a man
sent to a zamindiir to supply forage for an
army ; an army ; origin, beginning.

<jV^ eharlkchi, A soldier.

<W;»- charina, Ventricle of a ruminant,
tripe.

chats, An ape ; — chiz, = ; — chwt, A
cricket ; a woodpecker.

•tyf chazd, A noisy insect resembling a
locuBt, abounding in hot weather, and
which the poor sometimes eat ; a hiss.

&)Jy$ chazdara, chazda, Bits of fat or
fried sheeps' tails.

£y»- chiz gh , A porcupine ; a hedgehog.

viy>; chizak, A porcupine ; a hedgehog.

t chizma, A boot, the outer part or
lining.

yy*- chizwar. The scum of melted fat.
lift clwza, The interior of anything; (=

q.v.) veil, tent, &c.
y$ chuzh, chuzha, The hem in which
the string runs that ties trousers or
drawers round the waist.
ody* chizhak, A hedgehog.

chus, Wind that escapes without

noise.

yL-*- chi-sdn, How ? in what manner ?

ckusp, Coherent, viscous, adhesive.
chaspdn, Coherent, attached ; ad-
viscous, adhesive ; meet, suitable ;
a kind of upper garment.

CjjjL-j* chaspdndan, y-MU-^- chaspanl-
dan, To fasten, glue, fix, cause to stick.

0'.
dieted

«A>U«ft. chaspdnda, Pasted or glued to-
gether ; paper pasted together for children
to exercise writing upon.

^j»Uw»- chaspanl, Adhesiveness, visco-
sity.

i_/- u ?-'"^ chaspandagi, Adhesiveness; vis-
cousness, stickiness. *

chaspanda, Adhesive ; a snail.

^&*s-~<*- chaspidagi, Adhesion, attach-
ment.

(j-Vf?— chaspldan, To adhere, stick ; to
incline, have a propensity to unite ; to be
affixed to the ground ; to be dwarfish ; to
grasp anything firmly in the hand.

6J «~— chasplda, Joined, glued, cemented,
attached ; inclined, addicted to, fond of,
liking.

ka~ chust, Quick, brisk, active, fleet ; fit,
suiting; narrow, tight; strong; elegant,
beautiful ; accumulation, a heaping up ; a
kind of laced shoe ; — chuet uftddani chize
ba-cMze, One thing fits or agrees with an-
other ; — chust bastan, To tie firmly.

U™^ chastd, Tripe ; the straight gut,
rectum ; — chustd, Tight, sitting well (as
clothes).

(J*— f chistdn, An enigma, riddle.

iSU chust-chaldk, Active, alert.

yU* ut~~»- chust-kamdn, A strong or very
tense bow.

y-j—a- chustan, To be accumulated,
heaped.

chasta, Harmony, harmonious
sound ; the skin of a horse's fundament ; —
chusta, The ventricle of a kid, rennet.

^x—^- chustl, Agility, alertness, activity,
velocity, fleetness ; narrowness.

(*~t cluwm, Meaning, signification.

itSLi~*. chasang. One who is without hair,
and is marked with wounds and scars ; a
mark on the forehead in consequence of
frequent prostration, &c.

uH chash, Taste thou ; (in comp.) tast-
ing, partaking of the flavour, as namak-
chash, Salted ; (for chashm) the eye ;—
chmh, A word used for making (an ass)
stand still.

chish ast (for u*-\ J*\ *»•), What
ails him P ' (for ^\ <j* What (thing)
is it?

chash am, Eye-salve from a black

grain,
.gold

chashdn, A mace of iron, silver, or
a passage.
yAJLi^. chashdnidan, To cause to taste.
chashpar, A footprint ; the track of
a wild beast.

cs~£*- chisM, Name of a place.
tsJu* chashta, A taste, whet ; breakfast ;
an eater; one who finds his living without
trouble.

cliashkhdm, A remedy for sore

eyes.

' £j yi*. chash-zakji (abbreviation of

( 393 )

chaikm-takhvi), A misfortune attributed to
witchcraft or au evil eye.

tA-H chashish, Taste, a, tasting ; a frog.

/-A*- chashfar, A footprint ; the track of
wiid beasts.

chishk, Overflowing; increase,
plenty ; who prevails oyer, conquers ; supe-
rior power, victory.

^£■4-^ chashgar, A taster ; frumenty.

/ft*: chashm (S. chakshus) , The eye ; hope ;
an amulet or charm (particularly of holy
writ) against fascination or enchantment ;
the individual himself (as 'ain in Arabic) ;
anything resembling an eye, as the hole of
a sieve, the eye of a needle, the mesh of a
net, &c. ; (for ba-chashm) willingly, with
pleasure, all right (m.c.) ; (also chashum)
an eye-salve composed from Egyptian cassia
seed pulverized ; — chashm db dddan, To
feast the eye upon; — chashmi dsmdn hur
ast, The eye of heaven is blind, i.e. a
person is stricken with misfortune, poverty,
ignominy ; — chashm az chize bar-ddshtan
(poshidan, firo bastan,firo dokhtan, giriftan),
To avert the eye from ; — chashm afgandan
(anduihtan) bar (dar), To look at; —
chashmi ba khj'tl, The pupil of the eye j
— chashm. bdkhtan, To become blind ; —
chashm bdz (bar, wa) kardan, To open the
eye ; — chashm bdtil sdkhtan, To blind ; —
chashm ba-ddsti hate budan, To long for
one ; — chashmi bad, An evil eye ; — chashmi
bad d'iir, A vaunt malicious glances ! —
chashm bar-dwardan, To tear out the eyes ;
— chashmi ba-rdh. Expectation; — chashm
bar rdh ddshtan, To be looking out for, to
be impatient for; — chashm ba-rdh (dokhtan,
bar gamin afgandan). To cast the eyes on
the ground ; to blush ; to worship ; — chashm,
bar chize (ba-kase) dokhtan, To fix the eye
intently upon a thing or person, to stare
at ; — chashm ba-rauzan (ba-tdo) uftddan,
The eye wanders to (lit. falls upon) the
window, i.e. a person is near dying ; — chashm
bar ham zadan, To wink the eyes ; — chashmi
bulfad, Name of a certain stuff ; — chashmi
bi-db, Sbamelessness, effrontery ; — chashmi
bimdr, An eye that looks half-closed (from
modesty ; an epithet of beauty) j — chashm
parid, The eyes twinkled or winked (an
omen, see also yJ*^.) ; — chashmi pusht, The
anus ; — chashm pesh kardan (giriftan) , To
veil the eyes ; to blush ; — chashmi tardzu,
The hole in which the tongue of the scales
moves ; — chashmi chirdghi falak, The sun ;
— chashm chardndan, To feed the eye tpon,
to walk about for recreation and sight-
seeing ; — chashm chahdr kardan, To be on
the tiptoe of expectation ; to meet ; — chashm
chidan, To counteract the evil eye ; — chashmi
chize na-didan, Not to see one's way in a
matter, not to be able to; — chashmi khuros,
(Cock'seye), a herb; wine; the lips; — chashm
kfopurdan, To experience the influence of the

evil eye ; — chashmi khun-alud, EyeB tinged
with blood, fiery eyes, or murderous looks ;
— chashm ddshtan, To hope ; to expect ; —
chashm dukhtan, To fix one's look upon, to
stare at (m.c.) ;— cha&hm-rd db dad, He
looked at an amusing sight; — chashm-rd
khira zadan, To dazzle the eye (as snow);
— chashm rasidan, To be affected by an evil
eye ; bewitched ; — chashmi roz, The sun ; —
chashm roslian shudan, To be rejoiced ; —
chashm roshan (safed) kardan, To rejoice,
exhilarate, cheer ; — chashmi zdah pesh az
par didan, To be exceedingly sharp, circum-
spect, on the alert ; — chashmi zdnu, The
knee-pan; — chashmi zuhal, A dead coal; —
chashm zadan, To make a signal with the
eye; to injure by the evil eye; to be
awake; to fear; .to muse, to cogitate; to
blush ; — chashmi sar, The eye ; — chashm
surkh kardan, To look at eagerly or
greedily, to be madly in love with ; —
chashmi saf id, A white (i.e. blind) eye ; —
chashmi samd'tt, A rolling eye; — chashmi
sozan, The eye of a needle ; narrowness ;—
chashm siydh kardan, To covet, hanker
after; — chashmi sail-zan (sail-rawdn), A
tear-shedding eye ; — chashmi shah, The
moon and stars ; — chashmi shab-paimay, An
eye measuring the night watches ; — chashm
shudan, To become plain, open, manifest;—
chashm shikasian, To become blind; —
chashmi gh axdl. A bumper of wine ;—-chashmi
firingi (European eyes), Spectacles; — chashm
(ba-chashm) kardan. To wound with malig-
nant eyes ; to wink ; — chashmi kas blhuda-
nigar nist, Each one has his own trouble; —
chashmi gdv, Ox-eye (a plant) ; — chashmi
gdwdna, A large open eye; — chashm giriftan,
To blind, to become blind ; — chashm garm
shudan. The eye becomes warm, i.e. one
is on the point of falling asleep (m.c.) ;
— chashm garm kardan, To take little sleep;
to become enamoured ; — chashm mdUdan,
To rub the eyes, i.e. to recover conscious-
ness or one's senses, to shake off indo-
lence, to rouse oneself ; — chashmi narm, An
impudent eye ; — chashm numudan, To re-
prove, reprehend ; — chashm-u-gosh shudan,
To be all eye and ear, to give strict atten-
tion to ; — chashm u gosh wd-kardan, To dis-
tinguish good from evil ; — ba-chashm dma-
dan, To fall under the influence or suffer
from the effect of the evil eye; — ba-chashmio,
In his eves(m.c) ; — ba-chashmikhwesh, With
h ; s own eyes (m.c., see also ft-***-.) ; — ba
chashm kardan, To look sharply at ; to
make a sign, to wink ; to select ; to cast
the evil eye upon ; — id chashm kdr kunad,
As far as the eye can reach (m.c.) ; — sari
(bdld'i) chashmi md, Such is our duty, this
is incumbent upon us (m.c).

^ f^.^ chashm-dro, A remedy or charm
against sore eyes, witchcraft, or the acci-
dents called chashm-zakhm.

f p V

( 394 )

v)*T j** 4 "? cha$hm-dghil (aghul, aghil), A
glance from the corners of the eyes,

y^ij chanhm-djj&ilidan (derived

from the preceding), To dart a eide-glance
at

f^t ehashm-dlus, Looting askance.
f^tf chaghm-andaz, Casting about
the eyes ; view, outlook, prospect (m.c.) ; —
chashm anddz shudan. To disregard, over-
look, be unmindful of; to be in sight, to
enter into view (m.c.).

j/f ft^-y ehashm-awar, An amulet (sus-
pended in gardens to preserve the fruit
from malignant eyes) ; a wall-eyed horse.

y~)^ j*" 4 "? chashm-dwez, A kind of network
made of horse-hair, worn by women as a
veil ; a fly-net put over a horse's head.

*V z*" 4 ^" cha^hm-ba-rah, Expectant.

Aij chashm-bavd, Fascination of eyes ;
a woman's veil (of fine black) ; a lady's
slipper ; a cover for the eye of an animal
turning a mill.

is).ii> chashm-bandak, Blind man's

buff ; hide and seek.

u*> ! z**^ chashm-bos, Kissing the eye (a
friendly salute, a»d nearly synonymous
with dast-bos, Kissing the hand).

W< (•A*- chashm-blna, Quick-Bighted ;
acute.

f^i i**-^ chashm-pandm, An amulet worn
against witchcraft ; a sword-belt worn
obliquely over the shoulder.

iPfi chashm-posh, A winker, con-

niver.

<^}i I* -4 " 1 * chashm-poshi, A turning away
of the eyes ; the affecting not to see or hear
(a petitioner) ; connivance ; — chashm-poshi
numudan, To connive, to wink at.

chathm-pesh, Modest, bashful,
y chashm-tar, Moist-eyed ; a weeper.
r** 4 ^ ckashm-ckidan, A charm for
malignant eyes.

41U- p&e; cha&hm-Midna, Socket of the eye.

sire.
0 U

chashm-ddsht, Hope, trust; de-
chashm-dan, The socket of the

chashm-ddna, A certain grain

eye.

used as an eye- salve.

*V (*"*"?• chaskm-dard, Eye-soreness ; oph-
thalmia.

fr&Bf chashm-daranda, &±ij>s
chaghm-darida, Impudent.

SJutU.j chashm-rasdnanda, One who

strikes with a malignant eye.

jAj—j chashm -raslda, Viewed with a
malignant eye, bewitched.

£tj (4 -i^ chashm-zdgii. Blue-eyed ; shame-
less.

J\j l¥ Aa r chashm-zdl, Just, equitable.
^ chaskm-zakhm, A fatal misfor-
tune in consequence of witchcraft.

chashm-zad, Au amulet of glass-

beads to counteract the influence of malig-
nant eyes; a moment.

y 1 ) chashm-zadan, Tbe twinkling of
an eye.

*«>j f*-^ chashm-zada, Struck, or hurt by
a malignant eye; balked, disappointed.

t); z*" 4 ^ chashm-zan, A small black grain
good for sore eyes.

CJj/ u*) f*J** chashtn-zani ltardan, To im-
pede, obstruct, confine.

chashm-sdr, A fountain-head.
**<^ chashm-sajid, Impudent, shame-
less (m.c).

\— l fA*$ chashm-fied, ^^—i chashm-
fisay, One who pretends to stop the effects
of witchcraft (or ckashm-xaihm) by counter,
spells.

chashmah, A small eye; a peep-
hole ; spectacles ; a wink ; a moment ; a
black shining grain made up into an eye-
salve; hire; dog's tooth (a herb) ; a shoe;
— chashmak zadan, To wink, make a sign
with the eye ; to injure by the evil eye.

^fjji' ^Aj. chashm-kardagi, Witchcraft.

sjjS / ^Ac r chashm-harda, Fascinated,
wounded by a malignant eye.

c=A»^ chashmalt-zan, Winking ; a
wink, leer, side-glance ; one who casts the
evil eye, a magician.

sjjbS chashm-gaaht-a, Squint-eyed.

CjSu-A^ chashmaldn, The eye-ball, or pupil;
black grain used as a remedy for weak
eyes.

fjS r *A <? ehashm-narm, A beardless boy of
a family in easy circumstances.

(^vii ckaehm-iiishln, The beloved.

<J!Ui chashm-numai, Reproof; —

chashm nnma'i hardan, To censur.', to re-
prove.

^ i*-~?r chashm-u-chirdgJi, Dearly be-
loved.

^a*. chashm-wakdm, chashm-
wahm, An amulet worn against the effect of
chashm-zakhm.

At.,?,.^ chashma, A fountain, source,
spring ; the sun ; spectacles ; eye of n,
needle ; a vaulted arch ; — chasltmcCi atish,
Fire of a smithy ; the sun ; — cha^hma'i
akhzar, Fountain of immortality ; mouth
of a mistress ; wine ; — chashma I bail
(bd si ?) chaman, Name of a spring coming
near which any living thing drops dead
(this is the reading and interpretation of
the Burhani qati' ; Haft Qulzum gives
muhi instead of bdsi, and quotes from an-
other dictionary the reading bdhl, which
.seems to me the only one admissible. I
would join it into a compound with chaman,
and translate : " the spring whose borders
are deserted," from A. ^ Being empty or
deserted) ; — cJuishma'i pul, The arch of a
bridge (m.c.) ; — cha&hma'i tadblr, The
brain ; a thinking mind ; a prudent man ; —
chashma'i tardzu, The eye in which the

( 395

tongue of the scales plays ; — chashma'i
ilra-qun, Night ; — chashma'i tegh, Lustre of
a scimitar ; — chashma'i haiwdn, Fountain
of life ; — chashma'i khawari (khwur). The
sun ;- ■chashma'i khizr. The fountain of
life ; the lip of a mistress ; — chashma'i khun.
The heart ; — chaghma dar mdhi, The sun in
Pisces; — chashma'i roshan, The sun; —
chashma'i ear, Name of a fountain in Ko-
bistan ; — chashma'i sabz, Name of a spring
near Tus Jd Khurasan ; — chashma'i salsa-
bll, A spring or river in Paradise; (in the
language of the Lutis) anus ; — chashma'i
sown, The eye of a needle-, (met.) anxiety ;
avarice ; — chashma'i simdb (slmdb-rez), The
bud ; the moon ; day ; — chashma'i shdpur,
Name of a celebrated spring of dazzling
brightness in Armenia ; — chashma'i zulu-
mdt, Fountain of darkness ; — chashma'i qir
(qir-giin), A night dark as pitch; — chash-
ma'i hankala (?), Name of a spring in Azer-
baijan ; — chashma'i garm, The sun ; — chash-
ma'i gulasb, Name of a fountain in Khura-
san ; — chashma'i munfajir. Name of one of
the lunar mansions ; — chashma'i nUr-bakhsh,
The sun ; the water of immortality ; the
mouth of a mistress ; — chashma'i nosh,
Fountain of life ; mouth of a mistress ; —
chashma'i haft akhtar, The Pleiades; —
chashma'i haft sar, A mansion of the moon ;
the Pleiades ; — chashvia'i hor, The sun.

chashmhd (pi. of chashm), Eyes ; —
chashmhd'i parda, Holes and chinks.

jta chashma-dar, Composed of rings
(mait-armour).

chashma-sdr, Abounding in
springs ; a fountain.

U; <W&*- chashma-tan, = q.v.

chashmida, Seen, looked at (ap-
parently formed from an obsolete verb
chashmidan, a derivative of chashm).

chashmlzah, A black shining
grain resembling a pippin, with which,
when pulverized, they anoint the eyes.

y-i*- chashan, A banquet (see (j-W) .

chashanda, A taster ; — chashanda'i
shirin u talkhi, A taster of sweet and
bitter.

chashni, Taste, savour ; trial, essay.

6)>*s-*^ chashidan, To taste, to experience ;
to expose oneself to.

^■ 'e ' "^ chashidani, Fit to be tasted ; a
taste ; — na chashidam chashidani, I have
not tasted a taste.

iAfftsf chdshlda, Tasted; who has tasted.

SpfA*- chashira, A kind of frumenty.

fe fcy^ c. chashisha, < U 4 .ii. rr chashina, White,
grey.

a chi-taur, How? in what manner '<
h <tf»r chitta, A rough daily account.

chagh, A spider ; a churn-staff ; a
spinning-wheel ; — chigh, A sort of soreen
made of split bamboos, used as blinds ; —
chugh, A yoke ; a draught-ox ; ebony.

) >H

fa chaghdr, Din of battle ; sound of
a musical instrument ; a subterranean
granary (unsupported by examples).

chaghdz, A brawling, abusive woman.
chagfeala, Unripe fruit ; — chaghala'i
finduq, Green hazel-nut (of which preserves
are made).

*-U». chaghdma, Poetry ; a poem, an ode
(= iA^ii q.v.).

chapman, A musical instrument ;
name of a note in music ; striving to the
utmost, industrious, diligent ; name of a
city.

asU^ cbxghana, Name of a, note in music ;
a kind of staff like a sceptre, to which are
fixed sundry little bells, which, by motion,
make a kind of music, and are generally
used as an accompaniment to other instru-
ments ; a poem ; active, industrious ; name
of a water-plant.

yLjlA*. chatf&dniydn, A part of Samarkand.

ut~t*$ chaghbut, Wadding of cotton or
the like for quilting or stuffing cushions j
stuffed with cotton or wool.

chag&bulugk, Moan, cries of sorrow.

wjj^Aj- chaghbut, chughbut, = q.v,

is-*^ chagM, The roof of a house (unsup-
ported, perhaps misreading for u^a>- q.v.).

(jUAj. chaghtciy, Name of a Turkish
king and tribe.

chughd, An owl ; a knot of hair tied
on the back of the head ; a niched battle-
ment ; — chaghad, A falcon's roost.

J^ 1 ^ chagAddwul, J^**- chagJtdul, Jj-**£
chaghdul, Rear of an army ; camp-followers ;
leader of the rear ; — chag&dawuli, Leader-
ship of the rear.

chaghf, A turning towards ; honour,
respectful attention ; inquiry ; fear ; a
looking behind ; — chughr, A frog.

tx-j*^ chagjirista, t^fe chag&rishta, An
oval ball of thread ; — chighrista (also chigJi-
risa), Fire-tongs (unsupported by ex-
amples).

i^ifc chag&randa, A fearer ; timorous,
timid.

chaghridan, To fear, suspect ; to
turn towards.

s^i^f chaghrida, Affrighted ; feared,
suspected ; honoured, esteemed.

^ chagiz, A frog ; the croak of a frog ;
a wound whose lips being closed the foul
matter is confined within it ; a groan ; fear ;
— cha gh az, A very white grass growing in
a tuft like a broom.

chaghz-dba, A frog ; water-moss.
chaghzanldan, To croak {;is a

frog).

6 ^j*? chaghs-awa (for chaghz-dba), aud —
3*^ chagfet-para, chagkaz-pdra, ij^
chaghz-wdra, chagAz-ldwa, Green

filth or scum floating on stagnant water.

y*4)*^ chag&zidan, To fear ; to suspect ;
to honour ; to lament, to groan.

( 396 )

«X% chughulc, A sparrow.

J*»- .cluKjhal, A plait, fold, wrinkle ; a
leathern vessel having a spout, whence they
pour water in making ablutions; — chughal,
A coat of mail.; — chughul, An informer.

J} 1 - ,.J*t chughul- khumr, Tale-bearer,
backbiter, calumniator, slanderer.

J*? chugh.ul khwuri. Backbiting.

^J** chuffiuli, Tale-bearing, backbiting.

t&^i**^ chagAmuniMan (in Zand and
Pazand), To stand.

chagkmd, m w ,.. v *a- chagAnast, Wad-
ding.

cha gh and, chugfaand, Hair tied in a
knot at the back of the head,
^xju. chughundur, Rape ; beet.
«>j**$- rhu gh nut. — <*~i*t* q.v.

chaghna, A note inmusic ; — chugAna,
A aparrow; — chagfema, A musical instru-
ment.

y>r chugAii, An owl ; a sparrow.

fjVj*<j. chagh-wara, Water-moss ; a frog.

is)yk»- chugAuk, A sparrow ; a water bird.

yAtsA^ chaghldan, To seek, try, aspire to.

&JU^ chafilla, A flight of birds.

.ls-^ chaft, A saloon built of wood and
supported on columns ; a prop, a trellis ;
[chafti falak, The celestial vault;] — chift,
The chain of a door ; — chuft, Narrow ; a
tight garment ; a beam placed to shore up
a building.

<As% cftu/fafe, thaftak, A kind of crane.

y^&j- ehaftan, To understand (doubtful
word).

<«A>- chafta, A sheep's head ; a prop for
a vine ; a bat ; a vaulted roof ; curved,
bent ; injurious suspicion, malignant im-
putation ; an equal, peer.

yjud^- chaftldan, To incline, to lean to
(unsupported by examples).

ijj^ ehafda, Bent, curved ; a bunch of
grapes ; a sheep's head ; suspicion.

<!^~j&s- chafrista, Tongs ; — chafrusta, A
reed used by weavers to wind their thread
on ; raw thread.

^ji^-^ cft-a/sdni, Viscosity, adhesiveness.

^xj-^ chafsldagi, Adhesiveness.

tj. u - frv chaftldan, To stick, to adhere ; —
har-chafsldan, To clot together, to felt.

tXi — chaf&ida, Sticking, adhering.

«sXi»> chujnak, chafnak, A heron, crane.

•ijiif chifud, A Jew.

,3^- chaq, A churn-staff ;-~chiq, A Vene-
tian blind ; — chuq, A yoke ; a draught-ox.

j^U^. chaqdchdq, iJ^-Ufc- chaqdchaq, The
clashing of battle-axes.

t ^^S^ ckaqehaql, A kind of musical
instrument made of wood.

itjjiaiv chi-qadar, What quantity? how
much ?

T /<f chaqar, A tavern.

) : ~&t chaqehur, A kind of red hose (see
Jr iiW.).

^Ufc chaqmdchi, Sarcasm, scoff, jeer.

jUjb- chaqmtiq, t3*s» chaqmaq, Flint,
fire-steel ; cock of a gun ; — chaqmaq sari
pa kardan, To cock the gun (m.c.).

^jiU&j ckaqmaqi, A fiTelock ; (met,) abuse,
reproach.

chuqundur, chuqandar, Beet-root.

(j-** 4 ? ckaqldan, To fix a spike, drive a
nail ; to dash, strike together, or become
tumultuous; to litigate; to be deficient.

chak, The written aud signed sen-
tence of a judge or magistrate ; title-deeds ;
a draft or cheque for a salary or pension ;
an obligation, deed, bond, note ; a wooden
mallet used in taking cotton out of the pods j
a kind of wooden fork with several prongs
or branches, with which they agitate corn
that the wind may clear it of the chaff ; a
cart-, the noise made in breaking a stick,
striking with a sword, or in masticating a
crust; the lower jaw and chin; a word;
vine-pruning; drop; (in comp.) dropping;
[chaki musafir, A traveller's passport;] —
chik, A walnut, the kernel of which ia not
easily got from the shell ; a drop ; one side
of four ; an eighth part of a thing; — chuk,
Penis ; the knee.

t% ckakd, A lark.

ckakdba, A fuller's beetle.

^M-**?- chakdckdk, The clashing noise
made by swords or maces ; drawing, a
draught,

chakdcha-k, The clashing of swords
and maces ; the chattering of the teeth ; —
chukdchuk, Anything whispered about.

chakdd, chaJcdda, Top, crown

of the head ; summit of a mountain ; top of
the forehead ; a shield.

j^j- chikar (for chi kdr), What business ?
(m.c).

chikdra, Useless.

iS)^<? chikdrl, Useless, worthless.

<s —^ chakd&a, &a.VS^ chakdeha, A hedge-
hog, urchin.

>*H£*- chakdk, Forelocks ; a conveyancer,
notary-public ; a borer of pearls, bead-
piercer.

chakdga, The bolt or bar of a door.
chakala, Drops.

chakdma, A poem exceeding eigh-
teen couplets.

chakdn (in comp.), Dropping, dis-
tilling, as khun-chakan, Dropping blood ;
— chikdn (for ^ What thing ?

chakdnd, Besprinkling, wetting,
yjiil&j- chakundan, To make drop, trickle,
distil.

yAii^. chakdnldan, To make drop, to let
fall in drops, or trickle.

chakdv, A kind of musical instru-
ment ; a certain water-bird ; a lark ■, name
of a note in music.

chakdwak, A lark ; a note in

music.

chakdv-hash, A lark.

K> (

*^5^ chakdv-gdh, A notch at the end of
a bow into which the string goes.
V^f chakdwa, A lark.
tiSi^Se? chakdwa-gah, = q.v.

chakdh, A mountain's top ; the
crown of the head.
^S^t ahakchdk, The clash of swords,
i*^** chakchak, The noise made by water
in dropping ; the chattering of the teeth
from cold; the dashing of swords; — chile-
chik, The crackling noise made by the damp
wick of a candle ; — chukchuk, News spread-
ing on every side.

fc^-^ chak-ddn, Eloquent.

chikarna, A heron, a crane.
ehakra, Drops sprinkled about when
water is poured out ; a bubble ; troth.
<j<fe chukrl, Sorrel.

chafotaba, Froth, foam (unsupported
by examples).

chakm, A roost ; shame, modesty \
chaks, and —

cJiaksa, A perch or roost for birds ;
little niceties ; a bit of paper for wrapping
up powders, and the like,

yd;_fi». chahteidan, To blush, be con-
fused .

u 5 -^ chakish, An oozing or dropping ;
liquefaction chakuah, A brazier's ham-
mer; — chakushi hukhdr, A steam-hammer;
— chakuth angdra'i top mi-khwurad. The
hammer falls upon (forges) the barrel of
the cannon (m.c).

if' chaliush-khif'ur, Malleable.

>*&t chukak, chukuk, A silken band or
girdle ; — chukuk, A sparrow.

(3 s *- chakal, A leathern vessel with a
spout (see J*=r).

chaMa, Whatever falls from its place ;
a drop; a district, the jurisdiction of a
Faujdar, as the chakla of Hiigli in Ben-
gal ;■ — chukla, Name of a hunting-bird.
chakUz, The throes of childbirth.

t>Ui»- chakman, t>+ s <r chakman, A krncf of
upper garment.

t chakma, A boot.

chak-mezak, Suppression of urine,,
strangury ; a coming away of the urine
drop by drop ; unable to retain one's urine.

8Jj ^)a*S^ chak-mezak-zada, Troubled
with strangury, when the urine comes
away drop by drop.

chakin, chikin, tfi^* chikin, A kind
oC cloth wrought with the needle in flowers
and gold ; embroidery, needle-work.

f*^? chikunam (for ehi kunam), What
am I to do? (m.c.)

&*V> mk. chak-ndma, A roTl descriptive of
land-boundaries ; a grant issued to indivi-
duals, authorizing them to hold alienated
lands, and specifying the limits thereof.

jAiij. chukundttr, Beet- root.

)yij&t chikin-doz, chikin-
dozanda, An embroiderer.

397 ) %

ts)) J W^f chikin- d'ozi, An embroidered
robe ; needle- wort.

u^-y^r chak-nawie, An actuary, a regis-
trar.

chakil, A plectrum ; (for j£1$ q.v.) a
clasp-knife.

t cj&z chakuj, chakuch. An iron tool
for notching mill-stones; notching a mill-
stone ; a brazier's hammer.
a)U j uiU chafc-u-chdna, Prating, babble.
chakok, A lark ; purslain ; name of
a note in music ; — chukuk, A sparrow.

chikuna,* A bustard ; a crane

(= q-v.).

chaka, Small, minute ; — chakka, A

drop.

J% chakl, chakM, The hole in which the
pivot of a mill turns.

^•H^ chakid,agi r A drop ;, distillation.

chakid'an,. To drop, distil, trickle;
to meet accidentally ; to staspeet ; — chuki-
dan, To suck.

3J<>% chakida, Dropped, oozed out; a
mace \ehuMda'i Icasm, Juice of wild suc-
cory (used against intermittent fever) ; —
chakida' i shdhtara {shah tarro),. Juice of
fumitory (ditto) j] ; — chuklda, Sucked.
cy 5 - chtMda-kkii'n, Red wine,

tfi^?- ehikin, Name of a country.
chagdr, =

J^V chagdl, Thi«k r compact, and beavy ',
an archer's target.

*»*^*- chagama,, A poem of more than
eighteen couplets.

tJ'&Z chaggwnl, A kiad of melon,.
chuquk, A sparrow.
ckigil, A city in Turkistara, famous
for handsome men and expert srehersi
clsty, dirt-

f tsilSo- chagatek, A steawteerry..

chigliz, [jsl^ chigiln, Labia; puxlen>-

dortiim.
jj-Sfc ckugundaVr Beet-root.

chagufc, At. lark ; — chuguk, A spar-
row.

eh-wg-H-ff, Na;me &t a pla-Htf.; a erreket
(unsupported by examples)*.

chigtinagT,,. Nature or maimer of a
thing ; circumstance, matter, quality.

ehig-ima, How ?' of what kind'? in
what manner? in what, state? — eJvigiina'i r
How art thou ? how do you do ?

J»- chat, An embankment, dam, weir ;
the middle of the sea ; (imp. of chalidan)
go thou ; — chil, Half-witted, f ooi : ; a horse
white on the off fore-foot and hind stirrup-
footi •, (for cftt&ftl) fort ; — thai, Penis'.
H ckilld, The forty days of fasting (see
; quarantine ; the period of forty days
after child-bed, during which a woman re-
mains unelearr.

y*% chalds, Fond* of tid-bits ; trencher-
man.

h (

chalak, A black beetle, tumble-
dung ; spectacles ; = q.v.

(j!^ childll, ckalali, A woman's work-
basket,

Cji^ chalan, Current; a letter of advice
from a Zamindar to government that bis
rents are ready to be paid, sometimes ac-
companying a remittance of the amount; an
invoice.

chalanak, chuldnak, A beetle; —
chuldnak, A game.

bfe chalan-hoh. Name of a mountain
in Yaman.
fa chuldv, chilo, Plain boiled rice.

chuldh, A weaver ; a martial dance ;
cymbals.

&LJ<* chulbula, Haste, unsteadiness ; a
gift.

chalap. Two broad plates of brass
used as a musical instrument, cymbals ;
Boise, clamour ; uproar; calamity.

4-Ul<*- chalpasa, A small venomous lizard.

u£ y^- chcdpak, JJ^- ckalpal, A cake fried
in oil or butter.

teU chilta (for ss Je^), A thick doubled
coat for soldiers ; a coat of mail.

£W Jv' chil-chirdgJi, Brilliant illumina-
tion ; a candelabrum, lustre (m.c).

*l*l=r chilchila, A tortoise ; a kite ; a
swallow.

J^. chil-dukJitardn, Name of a
domed building in Persia.

i5L*i&. chil-sdla, Forty years old.
b)y*~ chil-suiun, Name of a building
with many columns.

chulush, Name of an acid vege-
table.

ix&l*. ehaliahta-khipur, A troublesome
hanger on.

t*~ (X cMl-subA, The forty mornings
employed in mixing up the clay for the
formation of Adam.

s 3j*kj c/iii-gAossa, A fir-tree ; the cone of
such.

<sW<* chilk, A ladle, skimmer ; the little
finger ; — chulk, A spoon ; — chaluk, The
game of tip-oat ; — chulak, A silken band ;
a ball of pack-thread or silk.

chalam, A strawberry (in the dialect
of Mazandaran) ; — ehilum, The fortieth.

h chilam, chilim, The round plate, cup,
or bowl, to which is stuck the tobacco in a
huqqah, generally a thin bit of uuglazed
tile, and upon the opposite side of which
the fire is put.

J? chil-mard, A strong bar for keep-
ing a door closed.

(i^f J^- chil-mardan, The leather fixed
to the vacant part of a saddle.

chalmala, Gratuitous, without labour
or purchase.

'o^* J»- chil-mandra, The throne of Solo-
mon ; the famous ruins which are generally
regarded as the remains of Persepolis.

398 )

j^if chalanchu, Who dirties himself;
sloven.

EjW chaluj, chuluj, A tool for notching
mill-stones.

chalu-chub, chulu-chub, A spit.
«>Jq- chalud, A large village, a towu.

chalauk, A halter round a horse's
neck i^chwluh, A rope for tying up the
wheel of a mill to Btop it from turning.

ciUjlo- chalunak, Melon-seed and flowers;
name of a man.

chilla, chila, A bow-string ; a selvage ;
a quadragesimal fast, the forty days of Lent,
during which the religious fraternities of
the East shut themselves up in their cells,
or remain at home ; (also chillaH dai)
forty days of winter, during which the
weather is most severe ; forty days after
childbirth.

<uU chilla-khdna, The place where
devotees shut themselves up during
Lent.

(j*-*-* chilla-nishin, One secluded for
the observance of Lent; (in the language
of the Lutis) the penis.

^-ie- ehalvpd (from A. A cross;

anything crooked or bent; a ringlet; a
triangular bit of gold or silver worn in the
girdle by some Hindus ; — chalipd'i falak,
A cross formed by the colure's intersecting
the equinoctial.

jlsW 1 ? - chalipa-wdr , Cruciform ; — challpd-
wari, Cruciform disposition (as of petals,
&c).

cj<V>lf chalidan, To walk, go, move ; to be
worthy, fit, suitable ; to champ, gnaw.

^■z^ chaltda, A bone ring worn by
archers on the thumb.

chilim, = H. ^ q.v.
^ cham, An easy air; a vacillating
motion in walking ; gained ; prepared,
arranged; curved, crooked, bent; a lane
full of windings ; eating and drinking ;
signification, meaning ; soul, energy ; the
eye; the breast; a disk made of plaited
reeds used to winnow corn; a large wooden
ladle ; name of one quarter of the town of
Yazd ; a summer garment; sin, crime ; —
chim, A green film which floats on stag-
nant water ; — chum, Boast, bluster, gasco-
nade ; a living creature ; grape-stones or
husks, the residuum after the juice has
been expressed ; intense cold ; an eye-salve
prepared from a black shining grain.

^Ui>- chamdchum, chumdchum, The fore-
locks.

(jUe. chumdq, An iron mace ; a wooden
club with a knob on the head ; a ladle (un-
supported by examples) ; the penis.

chaman, chamradn, Walking, giving
oneself haughty, swinging, or graceful airs
in walking ; a goblet of wine ; a party of
friends.

I o=rW chamanchi, A vessel for holding

( 399 )

wine, having a narrow mouth and a large
belly.

a>U& chamdna, chammdna, A vessel made
of the rind of a gourd, especially carved or
chased; the cup of king Jamslied ; swing-
ing, strutting ; — chumana, An animal, a
living being ; the middle ; a sup of wine.

chamani, Walking pompously ; reel-
ing ; a cup-bearer.

y^JU^. chamdnidan, To cause to walk
gracefully ; to walk gracefully.

r*^ chtvm-fareshi, Distinct, separate ;
ambiguous.

kiJL**i>- chamtdk, uiU^- chamtak, A shoe.

t^*^ chamchdkh, Bent, curved, crooked.

ijS^*^ chamchaq, A fire-steel or tinder-
box ; a little bag in -which Boldiers carry
their comb, needles, <fcc. ; a battle-axe (see

^^•♦^ chamchurgha, A scourge, a lash.

^♦a- chamckam, chumchnm, An easy air,
a swinging gait; a spoon, ladle; — chum-
chum, A cotton shoe; an old soft shoe ; a
hoof.

*+**^ chumcliuma, The sound made by
the feet in walking.

chamcha, chumcha, A spoon, ladle,
skimmer; — chvmcha, A wooden cup or
bowl (unsupported by examples).

chamcha -tsdz, A maker of spoons,
t^**^ chamkhdJch, = jW* 1 ? q.v.
T usJ-w chimdik, A nip, a pinch.
chamar, Evident, manifest.

0- 'V'S' chamrdg, A sign, a miracle.

<jr+^ chamsh, A portly gait in walking
(also chamish) ; a small grain used as a
remedy for the eyes ; (for chashni) the eye.

<&\£*** chamshdk,<^^*^ chamshak, A shoe.

1- i.*^ chamsha, A fountain.

"^♦f chamak, Power, strength ; increase ;
abundance; authority, influence; pomp,
dignity.

0^*^ chamldn, Name of a gate of Isfa-
hiVn.

JjU.*- chamlul, A swing.

y*^ chaman, An orchard, fruit- garden ;
a meadow, green field, verdant plain, gar-
den-plot or bed, raised border, parterre,
avenue ; a pasture-ground ; an easy-paced
horse ; — chamani dahr, The terrestrial
abode.

\>~**r chimna, A mule.

(jVt chama-n-drdy, Adorning the

garden.

UyA tj*~ chaman-dsuda, Singing freely
in the garden (birds).

A y*'? chaman-afroe, Brightening the

flowers, see

))>;

garden (applied to various

isJIuj»- chamndlc, A shoe.

Ai; y*j»- cha man-hand, A gardener ; a
fountain ; a youth.

V$ t>*^ chaman-perd, A gardener,
pruner.

chamand, A horse that travels
slowly ; an idle lazy fellow.

5Ai*^ chamanda, Stately, pompous in
walking.

6 V*; t>*5- chaman-ranilda, Escaped from
a garden (bird).

jlyucr chamamdr, (jU-»** chamanietdn,
Verdant meadows.

jL. yj*^- chaman-sdz, A gardener,

W"** chaman-mir, Promenading in
gardens.

*** <^*<f chaman-sujfa, A garden- seat.
a <^*<s- chaman-^db', Of a versatile,
many-sided mind.

aj^jk ckaman-tardtt, A gardener,
chamnak, A shoe.

chaman-gard, Walking about in
the gardens.

^5*-** chamani, A shade of green.

chamtish, Vicious horse ; sort of

shoe.

,_5*j>- chami, Keal, true, significant.

yV*'? chamidan, To walk proudly, wav-
ing from side to side ; to twist, turn, bend,
curve ; to incline the mind ; to drink wine
(unsupported by examples, but see ^ in
the sense of " eating and drinking ").

sjfl*^ chamida, Walking easily, stately,
pompously, or gracefully; bent, curved; a
grape-stone.

y*+^ chamiz, chamin, Excrement ; a
dung-hill.

chin (for chin, imp. of chidan), Pluck
thou ; — chun (for chun), When.

sj^- chandb, A board having a circular
hole through which the tent-pole passes ;
name of a large river in the Panjab.

ya-Ua- chandchan, The whiz of an arrow.
chandkh, — £^ q.v. ; — chindkh, A
double purse of silk, half for gold half for
silver.

jU& chandr, Circles which women paint
upon their hands and feet with privet; a
plane-tree ; — chandr u manor, A term of
violent abuse ; dumbfounded, perplexed,
thunderstruck.

yViv.jUi. chandrietdn, A grove of plane-
trees.

^L** chandgh, A mullet.

i£SU=. chundg, An aviary ; a hen-coop.
chandl, The plantain-tree.

yU». chandn, Striving ; name of a place ;
— chundn, Like that, resembling that, to
such a degree, in that maimer, so ; (for
chun nan) li Ice bread ;— chundn chimin, In
this and that manner ; evasion, subterfuge.

A^U* chundnchi, According to what; as,
just as ; so that ; when ; would it were so !

diiLa. chundnki, As, as for example ; in-
so much that, so that ; as much as, so
much as; to such a degree; — chundnki
miyoyand, As the saying is (m.c).

chundna, A kind of game (see "kUs,.
of which it is perhaps a misreading).

^ (

fcHt^ okan&nkan, Well done !
qAjiU^. chandnidan, To cause to gather
or admonish ; to gather, to admonish (see

ohunawar, Name of a place in Kha-

tan.

y*W chanahan, = c^9>W I- 7 -

chambar, A circle, hoop ; the pit of
the throat ; the collar-bone ; a kerchief,
collar, necklace ; a cover for the chilam of
a huqqa, ; a spider's web ; bondage, cap-
tivity; revolving; — chambar jahdndan, To
circle (a steed) ; — chambari chariJi, Circle
of the heavens; — chanibari khanjar, A
circle of swords, &c, in which jugglers per-
form; — chambari dosh, The collar-bone; —
chambari kabud, Nether sky ; — chambari
i/ardan, A necklace ; a clog's collar ; the
pillory, stocks ; — chambari mind, The
sky.

<j>~*- chamban, Round, circular.

<j"<-^ chumbak. Assault, leap; magnet.

Ji-^- c.humbul, A beggar ; a strawberry
(in the dialect of GiW).

jy^- 5 ^- chambalul, A swing.

^Lu*- chumbult, Need, lack ; mendicity.

j)?- 1 ?- chambur, chuqibfir, A rein, halter.
chamba, chur : iba, A large bar, spar,
or boom; a shepherd's staff; a fuller's
beetle; grape-sfalks ; morose, perverse.

chumbidan, To jump, leap, bound ;
to run away.

h Ui». champd, A very fragrant yellow
flower.

H chanchala, Jy^t chancliull, A

a swing, see-saw.

£M? chinkh, One from whose eyes a
gummy substance is perpetually running.

ii» chand, How much? how many ? how
long? to what length? whither? so many;
several, some, a few, sundrv ; any indefinite
quantity ; — chand bar, How often ? some-
times, frequently ; — chand tan, How many
persons? — chand dafa 1 , Several times (m.c.);
■ — chand roz, (roza, rozii), A few days ; how
many days ; — chand sdla, Of few years ;
— chand najar, Sundry persons, seve-
ral people; how many; — ba-cha7id, For
how much? — lane chand, Some people,
many men ; — har chand (har chand ki), Al-
though, nevertheless, notwithstanding,
however, how much soever, with all that,
so much the more ; often ; every time that.

\ chandd, How much ? how many ? a
contribution.

s J^-^ chanddl, A nightman, sweeper.

aUik chanddn, Many, much, numbers,
more, as many as, how many soever, so
much, so greatly ; some, any indefinite
quantity; so, in that manner; how long?
until then ; sandal-wood : name of a city in
China; — chanddnchi, How much soever;
notwithstanding ; — chanddn ki, As oft as,
as much as, as many as, as long as; inso-

400 )

much ; how much soever ; although, not-
withstanding that ; — fad chanddn, A hun-
dred times more.

o^ 1 *^ chandane, Of any amount, however
much.

i J^-w chandaviul. The rear of an army;
camp-followers.

chundur. Beet-root.
chandfand, Fear, dread, terror.
chand gdJi, Sundry times.
chandal, Sandal-wood.
^ chand-marda, Enough for many

men.

chandan, Sandal-wood,
'•^s- chanda, Some ; a whip (unsupported
by examples).

(j-^ chande, An indefinite quantity ;
some ; a little while (m.c.) ; — chande ba'd
ax In, After a while, shortly after ; —
chandeet, It has been some time since, for
some time past (m.c.) ; — chande yashian,
To become numerous; — ba'd chande, After
a while.

yjjuv chandln, So much, so many ; all
these, such as these ; how many ? — 6a-
cha-ndin jihat, For many reasons (m.c).

upijA^- changhub, chang&ut (the

latter seems the preferable reading), Quilt-
ing, wadding.

<^-"»- chwnak, A bird's beak,

ciSjj*. chang, The hook for guiding an ele-
phant; the expanded hand, the fingers
somewhat hooked ; the claw of a wild
beast ; talon of a bird ; a harp, lute ; any-
thing crooked or bent ; crippled in the
hand or foot; name of the shop of the im-
postor Man! ; also his book of paintings ;
{chang andar-dwekhtan ba-kase,To take hold
of another, to grip, to clutch ; — chang dar
nay nihddan, To squeeze the throat, i.e., to
abstain from eating, to be exceedingly ava-
ricious ; — changi rub'wash (rub't), A musi-
cal instrument in the shape of a quadrant
or astrolabe ; — changi maryam, The herb
sow-bread ; — changi musta, The point or
turned-up too of a boot ; — ba-chang dwar-
dan, To clutch, to take, to seize; — ba-
chang giriftan, To twitch with the fingers ;]
— ching, The horny beak of a bird of prey ;
the point of a spear ; — chung, A kind of
large ship; a word, speech, talk ; a picking-
up of grains.

chang- dr, A crab ; a dapple horse.

Jl£i&. changed, Fingers, claws, talons,
pounces ; a dish made of dates with hot
bread and butter ; slender-waisted ; a
target.

ki^jssJl&j*- changdl-khwast, (jl^l^-jatt-
gdl-khwdn, <^~jiJ*£^ changdl - khwud,
^.^silSlit. changdl- khtcush, Hot bread, syrup
or honey and butter made into a cake ; a
mixture of any kind.

iKSLi^ changdla, = J^j- q.v.

,_5^£a» changdll, Hot bread dipped in

**** (

butter ; the sweetmeat described in the
preceding article; the maker of such a
sweetmeat or cake.

li " J H tuSi^ chang-pusht, Crook-backed.

^^Siia. changdu, Name of a city in China.

y^j chang-dahan, A jew's harp.

a^A&j&o. changarnagdcha. Name of a very
learned Brahman.

chingiz, ss y^-'-^ cj.v.

lt^s- chingisA, Name of a hero of Turki-
stiin killed by Rustam.

uslS-^r changak, A hook for a n elephant ; i
a hook. |

chanqal (for J&^), A wood, jungle ;
— changvl, Fingers, claws ; a hook. j

o'**"'*' chanylani, ehangluM, ^J%&><* !

changlal, A kite.

odipZ-^ changalok, chanyvk, A man i

debilitated by disease, having his hands ]
and feet contracted, lame, maimed, muti-
lated ; unable to walk by himself.

changala, A psaltery, a lute ; bird's
claws ; bent fingers ; a hook ;~chmgila, ■
Curly hair. J

£f cXto. cha,ng-murg]i, The claw of a |
bird ; a saddle-cloth.

O^y^r changwun, Name of a city in India.
changa, Name of a luxurious king;
name of a feast celebrated in remembrance
of this king being killed by the brother of
a maiden outraged by him.

ij^t changl, A harper, lutanist ; an
actor ; a public dancer ; a bohemian, an
adventurer or adventuress (m.c).

y.Aj&ta. changldan, To speak, act in a
play.

>*>^ chingJz, The Mogul king Gengia
Kbiin.

^ ehuno (for uy*), As he, like him ; a
request.

J; ^y>- chunud-pul, The bridge over hell.
^ chana, The lower jaw, the chin ; —
china, Grain, bird's food.

^ chinaddn. The crop of a bird.
chin'iba, Heart, courage.
O-"^ chinidan, To gather ; to admonish ;
to drop.

sxj»- chinlda. Gathered, culled, picked
up.

chmlzu, Ready money.
chanln, Thus, such, so, in this
manner ; such as this ; — chimin bddd, Amen,
so be it ! — chunln u chtnidn, So and such
(m.c).

chuHiha (pi. of chunln), Such
things as these, such-like things.

ft chu, chu, When ; then ; thus, as, in the
same manner, like, since; if so be ; for as
much as ; — chu (for chub), A stick.

Hjt chau, Four (in composition).

chuwuk, <£&\fr chmvdkak, Flour
dressed with oil and honey.

J\j~ chuwdl, A sack, wallet, bag.

vj<? chtlb, chob (S. kshupa), A log ; wood ;

401 ) ^y,

a tree ; a staff, rod, baton, stick ; a drum-
stick ; a beam ; a plough-tail ; a shoot of
a tree, sucker ;— chubi adab, The stick or
truncheon of a police officer ; — chub bdxidan,
To lance a spear or the like in sport j—
chubi pusht, A bar to secure a door ; — chubi
pamba, Cork ; — chub peshi rdhi lease ddshtan,
To prevent, hinder, put an obstacle in one's
way ; — chubi tahsil-dar (raukasgil), Th$
staff of a tax-gatherer ; — chubi ta'lim, The
cane of a schoolmaster ; — chubi ta'llml, A.
riding-whip, a switch ; — chubi talag&raf, A
telegraph-pole (m.c.) ; — chubi chibuq, A
pipe-stem ; — chvhi chinl, China root ; —
chubi harfi, A small stick or pencil with
which children follow up the lines in read-
ing ; — chubi khtiday, Divine punishment j —
chubi hhat, A board for scoring debts, &c. ;
— chub khwurdan, To devour the rod, i.e.
to be thrashed ; — chub dar nishakhtan
(nishdndan), To fix wood in anything ; —
chubi dang, A wooden instrument for sepa-
rating rice from the husk ; — chub du ear
ddrad, The stick has two ends, i.e. things
may turn out well or badly ; — chvhi radd,
The staff of repulsion; — chub eadan (shi-
kaslari), To thrash ; — chubi zlri baghpl, A
crutch ; — chubi z'm, A saddle-tree ; a cover-
ing for a saddle ; — chubi surkh, Red-wood,
logwood ; — chub-ash dar db a»t, His stick
lies in the water (to make it flexible), i.e.
everything is ready for his punishment
(hence the proverb td na-bashad chub tar
farnian na-bar, As long as the Stick is not
wet, do not obey a command) ; — chubi thir-
kkisht (kkushh). A medicinal wood; — chubi
tarlq, The staff of a police officer (see chubi
adab above) ; — chubi kdr, A yarn-beam ; —
chubi gadd'i, A notched piece of wood sent
by way of a begging letter ; — chubi gaz,
Taniarix mannifera; — chubi nan (ndni), A
rolling-pin; — chubi naward, A weaver's
beam; — chubi yusa (yaedq), The scourge
with which the Turkish kings had crimi-
nals chastised.
Vfy»- chubd, A stake, a post,
ytija. chobdn, A shepherd ; a horse-
keeper.

yV}j^ choban-sag, A shepherd's dog.
^jjtiy* cfiobdnl, The pastoral office.
j\> >^>y>; chub-bdz, A cotton-pod.
i-s^» s-*y?- chub-bast, vyf chub-bandi,
A scaffold.

SjU chub-para, A chip, lath, shaving,
piece of wood ; an instrument for levelling
the earth,' a harrow.

J^s. chub-khwdr, A timber-worm ;

beaten, drubbed.

^J*"-^ chub-khwdrak, A timber-worm.
j\j ^jyj. chub-ddr, A mace-bearer.
&>\*ty$ chub-ddna, Fruit of the jujabe-
tree.

^a-wisJj^ chfib-dast, J S->^- chlb-dasti,
Walking-stick ; goad.

<r>y$ (

. chub-zan, Who administers the bas-
tinado ; a chamberlain.
t5^-* vj^ chUb-ady, A rasp.

v^- chub-shikaf, Clearing wood ; a

wedge.

chab-shikan, A wood-pecker.
cMb-ehuwi, A fuller's beetle.
chiibak, A little stick; a drum-stick ;
a watchman's rattle ; a stick for separating
cotton from the pods ; red-wood.

uj^f? chub-karl, A drubbing ; a kind of
embroidery.

v&*ft chubak-ushnan, Pearl-ash, lye
(in the dialect of Shlraz).

(33 ^kf>: chubak-ean, A. head watchman ; a
drummer.

ufi^tft chvi-leash, An instrument for
cleaning cotton.

<j*»j»- chubaki, Patrol, nightly watch ;
commander of the nocturnal guard.

chubakin, A wooden or iron
instrument for separating cotton from its
seed ; a watchman.

chubina, A heron ; a bustard.

by* chaba, A rolling-pin ; a wand ; a
scourge ; a walking-stick ; a fiddle-stick ; a
title of BahriLm cbubm ; the white poplar,
Acanthophyllum squarrosum ; — chuba'i dar,
A gallows-tree (m.c.) ; — chuba'i shutur, A
quilted cloth laid upon a camel's bunch
to prevent the load from hurting it.
chobi, Wooden.

vjC* chub-yasdk, A mace-bearer's

staff.

l^4>j«f cktibin, utUety** chubmak, cM-
blna, A red kind of kerchief tied over the
head ; a bustard, a crane ; a name of Bah-
rain.

O^ifir chopdn, A shepherd.

**hf; chau-paya, A quadruped, beast.

fly* chaupar, ^> %f* chaupar-bazi, An
Indian game.

i^kff chopgln, A stick for cleaning cot-
ton ; a little stick.

choplank, A fillet for the head.

i^ip; chaupala, A covered sedan or
litter.

<&hft chupalin, An instrument for clean-
ing cotton.

h chaut, A fourth ; a fourth of the
revenue, formerly claimed as a right by the
Marhattas.

*l>y* chuttik, Thus, in such manner (un-
supported by examples).

chautara, A raised square place
either in a garden or before a house.

"tfjf ehausa, A panther, a leopard.
chuja, A chicken.

I**y~ chuehum, A shoe worn by dervishes.

ft ft chucks,, A sparrow.

&f*f$ chuchula, The clitoris.

i&f- chueha, A rolling-pin ; a swan ;
chicken.

chukha, A woollen garment; a

* ) ^

monk's garb ; a kind of tunic ; a sort of
overcoat or cloak.

choMtdan, To stumble, fall; to
come to an end; to quarrel; to labour,
strive.
)^f* chadctr, Eye.
Q^ft chaudan, Cast metal.
chor, A pheasant.

chor&ba, Water flowing from the
bottom of a dam.

t \t)ft chorbd, Broth, soup, gruel.

Jfijff ehorpor, A pheasant.

t >i>)f* churah, Bread.

))) K rt >*> (As clear) as day.

chora, A distaff.
B-£y^- ehauri, An instrument made of
the long hair of the cMmar, or Thibet
cow, used to chase away flies ; — churt, A
bracelet ; son and daughter (doubtful).

ujjtft- churi-farosh, A bracelet-seller,
jjr chat, Pudenda mulieris ; a falcon able
to catch game before he is a year old; a
pheasant ; a certain thorny plant,
lijt chum, A kite.

chum, A chick, a young bird; a
notch at the end of a spindle to hold the
thread ; — chvxa'i makiydn, A chicken.

J^J *w$- cMxa-bdx (playing with chickens),
An old woman fond of young men.
*jy* chum-rvhd, A kite.
V *3A chma-luwd (liwa), A kite.
s jj9- chunha, = q.v.
V^ft chausidan, To stick, adhere.
J*y- chosh-para, A kind of vermicelli
(see V, UV)-

«alAj^ chmhak, A vessel with a spout
to it.

yjieiyj. choshidan, (yJ*^ choehidan), To
suck.

tfi chugi, A yoke ; a trench or canal cut
through gardens or meadows ; a dam, weir.

tsrSt chiigJiri, Sour milk which remains
in a linen cloth after the water is strained
off ; a horse of a partridge colour.

T J^yv chugkul, An informer (m.c).

t <J<fft chughali, (Police) information;
treachery (m.c).

<s!)» chok, A profound inclination or geuu-
flexion before a king; name of a bird;
penis ; knee.

K usiys chok, A mnrket-place ; a daily
market ; a market principally for second-
hand apparel.

H tXy* chuhldh, A district under a Fauj-
dar.

h chauH, A raised seat, chair ; a
guard ; a place for collecting customs j a
watch-house.

h ^ l _ s %- chauki-dar, The officer of a
guard ; a watchman.

h ^Jff chauU-gulu, A square ornament
of gold, Ac, worn on the throat.

A tJAUS^fr chaukl-gumasihia, A subordi-
nate custom-house officer.

'J*

( 403 )

^ u~sy cfiaiifci-nawig, One -who keeps
account of outposts and guards.

y^f? chaugdn (from chaul " bent" + grow),
A stick with oue end bent, used in & game
at ball ; the game of polo or horse-shinty ;
a crooked drum-stick ; a stick having one
end arched, to which is suspended an iron
or steel ball, carried as an ensign of royalty ;
[chaugdn zadan, To play at chaugdn ; —
chaugdni tar , The sword; — chaugdni sumbul,
The ringlets of the fair ;] — chttgdn, How V
time, an hour ; if; like, resembling.
'j^^yz ehaugdn-bdx, Player at chaugdn.
<J)^ O^fi- chaugan-bazl, Playing at the
game of horse-shinty.

^~"A tii^fi; chaugdn-parast, Who worships
the game of polo.

u) d^F? chaugdn-zan, Who strikes with
the chaugdn, plays at polo.

u*^i* chaugdni, A horse trained for play-
ing at the game of chaugdn ■ swift,
mettled, excited ; a straight hookah- pipe.

cktlgag, An owl ; a large kind of

owl.

Jy? chaul, chfil, Bent; — chol, Penis; —
chid, A desert.

c.h~ddh, A ■weaker ; a spider.
ffi chum, Fat, tallow ; the Oxyacanth.
t <i^f; chomdq, A club, an iron mace (see

0^ chun, chon, How F like, in the manner
of, as ; because, forasmuch as, whereas,
seeing that, Bince ; when, after that; if;
manner, quality ;— chiini bi-chigfin, Without
likeness, incomparable (an epithet of the
Deity) ; — bi-chfin-u-chird, Without why or
wherefore.

^frchun-d (for ^Qtf), How do you do?

t)»l*- chfindn, So, like that; just as if ; a
rolling-pin.

•iUUyj (Aiilto.) chundn-hi, After what man-
ner ; just as.

chundh, In this manner, thus,

like, so.

^fffr chun-chird, Wrangling, altercation,
^yj- chun-ki, For now, seeing that (m.c).

chilna, A lump, a mass.
h chundh, Quick lime.
^Jyt; chuni, How art thou? quality.

chunln, Thus, in this manner, like

this.

Wft- chiinin-hd (pi. of the preceding),
Such-like things (see W^).

chuwa, Acanthophyllum squarrosum
(see *?^) .

O^ijt chuygdn (for cj^*-)> A bandy,
club.

^ cha, An affix to form diminutives, as
haghcha, Little garden, &c. ; — chah (for
chdh), A well \ — chi, Who ? what ? which ?
in what manner or kind ? why ? what! how
great ! since, because, seeing that ; every,
ail ; whether ; or ; fifteen (i.e. three times
five, £ standing for 3, and a for 5) ; [chi

budl, Would to God ! I wish it were '. — chi
pesha, Of what use ? i.e. useless ; — chi jdn
ddrad, What is he able to do ? — chi chdra,
What remedy ? — chi hdlat mi-kaghad> How
miserable he is ; — ckikhwush, How delight-
ful ! — chi dil. What heart ? what courage
or ability ? — chi ziid, How soon ? (m.c.) ; —
chi sun (taur, wow')) Of what sort? in
what manner ? how ? — chi sag ast, What
dog is he ? i.e. what can he do ? —
chi taraf last, What did it avail him ? i.e.
it availed him nothing ; — chi Jd'ida, What
advantage ? for what purpose ? — chi fasdhat,
What purity of style '. (m.c.) ; — chi hat
ml-kardl, What have you done it for? —
chi kathid, What will it avail ? — chi
gv,na y How ? in what shape or manner ?
— chi manzil, What a mansion ! — chi ma'nd,
What is the meaning ? to what end ? —
chi mi-goyi, What do you mean to say ?] —
chi-chi, What does it matter one way or the
other ? Ac., as in the phrases chi bar takht
murdan, chi bar ruyi khdk, What matters it
(or it is all the same thing) to die on a throne
or on the bare ground? — chidurrchi sadaf,
Whether a pearl or an oyster-shell ; — chi
thartf u chi wa.fi', As well high as low,
gentle and simple.

^ chihd (pi. of chi), What things ?

h chh&pa, Stamp, seal; print, im-
pression (see v^)*

•J^ft- chahdd, A mountain peak ; forehead.
chahdr, Four; a crab.

W*^** jWf chahdr dkhuri sangln, The
four quarters of the world ; the four ele-
ments.

a chahdr arkdn, The four points

of the compass; a kind of quadrangular
tent.

a. otyrt j^f chahdr aqran, The first four
caliphs ; = the preceding,

* (*^ chahdr imam, chahdr
amin, The four caliphs, Abu Bakr, Omar,
Othmiin, and Ali ; the four M uhaminadau
lawyers, Shiifi'i, Abu. Hanifa, Malik, and
Hambal.

4A2\ jW?- chahdr dyina, A kind of armour ;
a cuirass (m.c.).

ysi't chahdr dyln, A quadrangular
tent ; the four immediate successors of
Muhammad ; the four principal sects.

«-A> chahdr bdf, A kind of rich silk.

ijA** chahdr bdlish (■ji^fci^ bdluhi), A
royal throne (or place spread with four
cushions) ; the four elements ; the four
quarters of the globe ; the world ; — chahdr
bdlishi arkdn, The four first caliphs ; a
quadrangular tent.

a S=< — ) jiff? chahdr basit, and —

t*» chahdr-lekh., The four elements.

t» imc? chahdr-pd, A quadruped ; a bed-
stead.

ViAv? chahdr para, Four parts ; divided
into, or consisting of, four parts ; the quar-

( 404 )

ters of shoes ; a musical instrument ; buck-
shot, slugs (m.c,).

"^h J**? chahdr-pdyalc, A kind of dis-
ease.

frfr chahdr-pdya, A quadruped.
j>, jMfi- chahdr-par, 6^ chahdr-para,
Four- winged (arrow) ; adorned with four
feathers.

*A* chah&r-tara, Four-stringed.
jW>- chahdr. tak, Canter, easy gallop.

a t>Jj chahdr takblr zadan, To

abandon the world; to repeat the burial
service.

jtoyt- chahdr jaukar, The four ele-
ments.

tSi* )^ chahdr jay, The rivers of Para-
dise ; the elements ; name of a province in
Khurasan ; — chahdr juyi fifrat, The four
elements.

j^*- chahdr-chddar, A cloth sur-
rounding a woman's grave ; a kind of horse-
cloth.

pJu* chahdr chaehm shudan, To
see or look for earnestly ; to meet face to
face.

y-*f Jift chahdr chaman, The world.

a chahdr hdthiya, Having four

borders ; having its four edges embroi-
dered.

a JUa. chahdr hammdl, The four ele-
ments.

diU. chahdr Jshdna, The ventricle of
a sheep ; also a pudding of it stuffed with
meat, rice, butter, herbs, and spieeries ;
thin cakes dressed with soup ; a species of
macaroni.

eOU chahdr dang, The four quarters.

3^ ; J ^ff chahdr dar chahdr, Four times
four ; on all sides.

chah&r-darl, The world.

Ajyj chahdr daricha, The four win-
dows (of the body), i.e. eye, ear, nose, and
mouth.

JWj^rt- chahdrdah, Fourteen.

r** J jWt chah&rdahum, The fourteenth.

sU chahdrdah mah, The full moon ;

a mistress.

py<** u^Lf* chahdrdah ma'sum, The pro-
phet Muhammad, his daughter, and the
twelve first eminent caliphs.

O^fi- )^ chahdr diwdri jahdn, The
four quarters of the world ; the four ele-
ments.

(tff) chahdr rukn (ij^jra'ie), The four
elements.

l )l> J^V» chahdr-rom, Of four days dura-
tion.

yl} J^W chahdr zdnu, A tailor's way of
sitting.

<j>Vj) chahdr-zabdn (four-tongued), An
incessant talker ; one who does not stick
to his word ; a quibbler, prevaricator.

*JL._,^ chahdr-xdla, Of four years ; four
years old.

y j^v chahar-su, A square, market-
place.

*>V" chahdr-suwdra, A place where
four ways meet.

Jr* j^Vf chahar-silq, A market-place.

pis. chahdr shd&h, A winnowing fan.
)^ chahdr-ehambih, Wednesday.

>** jWf chahdr sad, Four hundred.

a J^- Avj- chahdr-tdq, A kind of tent.

a jU= chah&r-tdq-afgan, A bed.

a y\ijt^». chahdr tufdn, The four ele-
ments ; the four temperaments.

« .A** chahdr 'alam, The four ensigns
(of the faith), viz. Abu Bakr, Omar, Oth-
in5n, and Ali ; the four elments.

a ^»Ue chahdr 'andsir, The four ele-
ments.

a JV^c jVy». chahdr Hydl, The four elements.

a uu^J jVy>. chahdr fitrat, The four tem-
peraments.

v~*r^ jVi chahdr-kargas, The four ele-
ments ; the throne of Shadddd, or (accord-
ing to others) that of Ka'us.

chahdr-gdma, Swift ; an ambling

nag.

(i^ii^W- chahdrgdn, Four and four ; in
fours.

"^Sk^ chahdrgdna, Of four modes;
square ; fourfold.

tfsfc^ chahdr gulkhan, The four

quarters of the world ; the four elementsf
J^ft chahdr-gosha. Quadrangular; a
bier ; a small table ; a turban.

J^J* jW? chahdr gauhar, The four ele-
ments.

chahdr langar, Legs of quadru-
peds.

fj^ft chahdrum, The fourth.
joU chahdr mddar, The four ele-
ments.

chahdr-mdha, Of four months ;
four months old.

<j*£-*» jV?- chahdr maskun, Habitable
world.

>*" j^ - ckahdr-maghz (four- kernel), A
walnut.

a pjH^ cAaAdi-wm manzar, ij^m pji^
chahdrum manzara, Solar sphere.

a i&yu- chahdr matiquta, The orbit of
the Zodiacal signs.

£** jfa chahdr mekh_, The elements ;
sodomy.

a i<M chahdr nagm, The four elements.
^ J^f? chahdr-wd, A quadruped.
j\j *jy^ chahdrwa-ddr, Leader of a cara-
van.

***** 3)W chahdr u haft, The four (ele-
ments) and seven (planets).

chahdr-hafta, A trifling, silly
thing ; non-existent.

U*)^ J^* .Aw chahdr ydri gutin, Four
chosen companions, viz. Abu Bakr, Omar,
Othman, and Ali.

is) 1 * j^fv chahdr-ydri, Name of a sect.

w

^ jV^ ckahar yak, One of Jour ; a
fourth.

oWtchahdn, Mauy ; — chihdn (pi. of chi),
Who?

■s^-ii"?- chah-bacha, A cistern, a vat.

chahcha, H^V? chahchaha,, A twitter,
a chirp ; — chahchaha kardan, To twitter, to
chirp.

cAi'ftr, Face, visage ; original essence ;
a map ; small shot.

y& chihr-dzdd, Name of Hunaay,
daughter of Bahman, and mother of Da-
rib.

/ift chihr-gdd, = the preceding ; name
ot the daughter of Isfandyar.

(•/ift- chahram, Name of a place in Iran
(see ft/,.).

_ 'jv? chihra, chahra, Face, countenance ;
air, mien; complexion; original essence ; a
description-roll ; a wheel, yarn-reel ; shot ;
[ehihra'i dtish-numa, A face flushed (with
drink or anger) ; — chihra bar-afrokhtan, To
collect, assemble ; — ehihra'i hdl, The cir-
cumstance of the case ; — chihra dar ham
kaehidan, To frown ; to be morose, peevish,
irritable; — ehihra'i doh, A wheel; a yarn-
reel; — chihra zar-anditd kardan, To grow
pale, to blanch ; — chihra shudan (gardidan),
To be before or in the presence of, to con-
front, be opposed to ; to dispute ; to pre-
pare chihra ehikastan, To lose colour; —
chihra kmhddan, To appear, to become
visible, to show oneself; — chihra mdlidan,
To show submission, to humiliate oneself j]
— chihra, Rose-colour ; — chuhra, A youth,
strippling, page ; a beardless boy.

j}^ *r*?" chihra-pardde, A portrait-
painter ; the sun ; — chihra-pardazi jahdn,
The world-illuminating sun.

W^V" chihra-khardsh, Face- scratch-
ing.

a 'ty° l yVy chihra-tardz, A portrait- painter.
^" chihra-kushd, A portrait-painter ;
uncovering the face (lady).
JOS

chihra-kuthd'i, A display ; co-
quetting.

chihra-nawls, An official who
writes down a personal description of the
royal servants in a roll or register ; — chihra-
nawisi, Office of a chihra-naivls ; a descrip-
tion-roll of the indicated kind.

isrft chahari, A white-spotted horse.

a chi qndar, How much?

Jir* chihal, chihil, Forty.

<s\ Jv? chihal-pdy (forty-foot), A centi-
pede.

t>» Jift- chihal tan, Forty persons whom
Moses is affirmed to have slain and brought
to life again.

*» J<ft- chihal-tah, A coat of mail.

&A vM- chihal-chirdgA, A candelabrum,
chandelier, lustre (m.c.)T

fy* Jift- chihal diram, An ounce.

WJ*" L^f chihal-situn, A colonnade (m.c.) .

a a» chihal-qad, A sort of armour.

a chihal- qadami, A walk ; a cus-

tom at the funerals of Musalmaos of step-
ping back forty paces from the grave, acid
again advancing towards it before reading
the service over.

chahlam, A sort of armour ; — chiha-
lum, The fortieth.

a J^f chihal-manar, A name of Perse-
polis.

5A Mi^ chahanda, Dropping, distilling;
leaping.

t)J*^- chahidan, To drop, distil ; to leap.

juft chahir, chahira, Face, counte-

nance ; complexion ; (doubtful word).

<j~>y S;*^ chahira-nawU, s= ij-jy '/ifr
q.v. (doubtful).

jyvv? chah-yuz, An iron instrument with
four hooks for pulling anything lost out of
wells or rivers ; a pulley or block ; a shovel,
a pick-axe, a hoe.

^ chi (vulg. form of >»^), Something ;
who '{ what ? which ? a Turkish affix to
form words denoting the agent ; — phi chi,
What? what is the matter? (m.c).

chiydnidan, To collect; to cut

up.

chaipdl, Name of a king of Lahore
(see JVj«.).

chaipar, A highway ; name of a

fort.

chlp-ar, The iron head of a spear ;
name of a man.

chaipm, Interval, intervening

space.

h chit, Painted Indian, Persiau, or
Turkish silks, and other cloths ; chintz ; an
Indian tent (m.c).

H Ji-e- chital, A small coiu, twenty-five of
which make a dam.

h 6^ chlta, A sort of panther with which
they hunt deer ; estimate and measurement
of lands.

v^rf?- chichdb, Sound of the lips in kiss-
ing.

chichiat (in Zand), A mountain,
•a^ief chlchak. The small-pox ; — ch'tchak-
zada, Diseased with small-pox.

il^--^- chlchala, chichila, Sickness, pain.
chikh, Blear-eyed ; humour in the

eye.

^■*e^ chiddr, A shoe.

<^l> "^-^ chidagt'i ndkhun, Nail-
parings.

a Xj». chidan, To gather, collect ; to select,
pick, choose ; to imbibe ; to swallow ; to
pare the nails ; to pluck up (hairs) ; to
spread a carpet ; to ascend ; — bar-chidan,
dar chidan, To collect.

chida, Gathered, picked; pared
(nail) ; the dwarf pine ; — chida' i nakhM'fi,
Nail-parings ; — chida-miyan, With thin
flanks (horse).

j&r chir, Valiant, courageous ; a con«

( 405 )

^ ( 406 ) c^U

queror ; a highway ; victory, mastery ; a I
part, a portion ; a bull ; name of a town.

tS *^?j#i chirchang, A dildo.

J J jtf$ chir-dil, Strong-hearted, of a va-
liant disposition.

chiragi, Victory, triumph ; valour,
fearlessness, fortitude; anger; severity of
language ; a fault ; — chlragl kardan, To be
petulant, violent.

chira, Brave ; strong, powerful ; vic-
torious; high; pointed; eloquent; impu-
dent, unpolite, rude, uncivil ; spiteful ;
wise ; victory, superiority ; a part, portion ;
end, extremity; a turban; — chira thudan,
To wax valiant ; to win, beat ; to prevail, I
conquer j to prepare for.

V 4 ^ chira-band, A servant who makes
op the turban (see **» j^-^).

V» $wra-dast, Ready -handed, skil-
ful, succeeding in whatever one takes in
band ; Btrong, brave ; arrogant ; boldness.

<_j*- J chira-datti, Victory; supe-

riority.

oV) chira-zdbdn, Eloquent ; free-

spoken.

0*^3 ^o»- chirah-eabdni, Eloquence.

>«t chits, A thing, anything ; existing j
precious ; food ; — chi chiz aet, What is it ?
what is the matter? (m.c).

««W chimb, A little thing ; a hedgehog.

>t* y<?t chiz-liz, Small capital, trifling con-
cern.

$<f$ chim, A porcupine.
ytf $4* chizu-gir, Irritable, hot-brained.
yt% chim, Tweezers used chiefly by the
women for pulling oat hairs.
•Sj> chiza-buz, Cause, motive, reason,
tyef chiza-buzgar, The agent in any

cause.

<jpt chize, One thing; something; a little,
few, somewhat ; (with negation) not at all,
by no means, nothing or none whatever, as
rafiq-ha, chine na-ddram, I have no accom-
plices whatever (m.c).

Ls*. ^if chist (for chi asf), What is it?
who is? — hal chiet, What's the matter?
what now ?

<yU~^ chietdn (what is that P), An
enigma ; quality, essence, state.
chieti, What art thou ?
<Mgk, A projecting roof, a screen
before a door.

(jjj chiga-zan, A warrior.

(3s^ chiq, — £ef q.v.

pt?t chiqu, A clasp-knife (see fa).

tjSCj- cheldn, A foreBt haunted by wolves ;
iron rings, bridle-bits, &o: ; the jujube-
Iree.

cheldna, The jujube-tree.

H Ml» chela, A slave.

i-fifi- chin, A fold, plait, wrinkle ; China ;
(in comp. from chidan) collecting, as «tt-
jthun-chm, Collecting words, i.e. an in-
former; — chvni ahru (peshdni, jabin), A

frown ; a wrinkle ; — chin afqandan, To con-
tract into wrinkles ; — chin bar ahru afgan-
dan, To grow old; to frown ; — chin shudan,
To become wrinkled ; to frown j — chin
kardan, To gather, collect, pull, pluck,
choose ; to join, unite ; to reconcile, make
peace ; to knit the brows ; — jabini pur
chin, A frowning or wrinkled brow; — zulfi
pur chin, Curling locks.

cftind (participle of chidan), Gather-
ing.

CJ'VA'e*- china' idan, To bring together.
&*U«>. tyiJ* chin-hamdrna, Cinnamon.

chin-khdna, A cupboard for

china.

*> Ai s^ p chindara, A fabulous fountain,
where instruments are said to be constantly
playing.

chindan, Gleaning corn-fields.

sah?}- chinda, A collection.

j^} 1 *? chinwdr, Right, straight.

*y*<»- chinawad, The bridge over the
eternal fire which the Muhammadans be-
lieve they shall be forced to cross on the
day of judgment.

to** china, A gin, grain, or any snare by
which birds are caught ; a course of bricks
or stone in a wall ; grain in general ; —
cMna'i diwar, Layers of large stones, bricks,
or turfs, in building walls.

dj-a. chinaddn, The crop of a bird.
chini, Chinese ; white sugar-candy ;
cbinaware, porcelain; called also chini
guruf.

a^s. chini-Mt&na, A place where

china is kept; apartments adorned with
china.

^AjAj (jji*^ chini rashidi, A particular
kind of china-ware.

^jL. chinisdzi, A porcelain manu-

factory (m.c.).

c

C h (called ha' or he, ha'i hutti or hd'i
muhmala), the eighth letter of the Arabic-
Persian alphabet, is a strong aspirate gene-
rated deep in the throat; it is the cha-
racter to represent eight in arithmetic, and
Sagittarius in astronomical books.

a oU ha', hd, The Arabic name of the
letter h ; a good man ; a shrill-voiced
woman (these two meanings doubtful).

a hdtim, in P. hdtam, Who or what
renders necessary ; one who decrees, ordains
or pronounces judgment ; a judge ; a black
crow, "the raven of separation"; name of
a man of the Arabian tribe Taiy, celebrated
for his liberality ; hence liberal, generous,
bountiful.

( 407 )

a hatiml, Boundless liberality.
a 6^- hdj, Name of a thorny plant; — hdjj,
fraj, A pilgrim to Mecca.

hdjat (pi. of hdjat), Necessities,

wants.

a s-?-W hdjib, A door-keeper, a porter ;
a chamberlain ; a minister of state ; a cur-
tain; the eye-brow ; — hdjibu'd-daula. Grand
usher (m.c.) ;~kdjibi bar, The archangel
Gabriel,

a urt-lo- hdjibi, Post of door-keeper;
chain berlainship .

a hdjat, Necessity, need, want, lack;
a requirement, a needful or requisite thing,
affair or business ; a call of nature; hope,
wish; [hdjat dmadan (bar- dmadan, tardnn-
dan), It becomes necessary ; a want arises ;
something needful is obtained hdjat bar-
divardan (burdan), To obtain one's waut,
Ac. ; to supply another's want ; — kajati
tajvnz, Anything which requires investiga-
tion, as an account ; — hdjat khipdstan, To
pray, state one's wauts ; — hdjat ddshfan,
To have need, to be in want of ;] — hdjjat, A
female pilgrim to Mecca.

a j^jt us-^L. hajat-barddr, Providing
what is wanted or desired.

a \j) e^le* hajat-rawd, Supplying or ob-
taining what is needed ; obtaining one's
want.

a <J\)) uMs-U- hdjat-rawa'i, Supply, provi-
sion, succour.

o >jj^U. hajat-jdy, iVfi-^W hdjat-gah,
A place of need ; a necessary.

a auj^-U. hdjatmand. Indigent, needy ;
hoping.

a (j-uaJ^Ae. hqjatmandi, Indigence.
a .u»j? > ) W hdjatumand, Needy, necessi-
tous.

a hdjix, Intervenient, intervening (as
a curtain) ; a hinderer, preventer; an op-
pressor; an obstruction, barrier.

a (j^-^o. hdji, One who haa performed the
pilgrimage to Mecca ; a pilgrim ; — hdji
ahmaq, hdji bi-wuquf, The names of two
mock pilgrims in the Muharram play; —
hdjiu l-haramain, Who has visited the two
sacred places (Mecca and Medina) ; — hdji
hdji-rd dar maJcka mi-Mnad, The pilgrim
Bees the pilgrim at Mecca, (met.) two people
meet after a long separation.

o, t!^-j» (jt-W haji-tarJchan, Astrakhan
(m.c).

a uiU^J hdji-laklak, A stork.

had, A raven ; name of a son of
Jacob by another mother than Joseph's
(doubtful word).

A «>W hddd, Sharp, bitter, sour, acrid ;
ardent, fiery, poignant; — hdddu 'z-zdwiya,
Acute-angled.

a limU hddis, New, just appearing ;
casual; — hddis shudan, To appear, happen.

A &<i\**hddisat,A novelty, event ; an occur-
rence, adventure, casualty ; an accident

rendering a person ceremonially unclean ; a,
misfortune, disaster, calamity,

a haz, Back ; name of a plant and a
tree ; — Adzit 'l-matn, The part of a horse's
back where the saddle or a load, is placed ;
— Miaflfu 'l-hdz, One who has little property
and a small family.

a j^^o. hdziq, Sharp, acute, penetrating ;
ingenious, skilful, clever, excelling ; pro-
ficient, an adept ; tart, sour.

AjU hdrr, Warm, hot, sultry; difficult,
laborious, painful (work) ; distressing, se-
vere ; (met.) lion; tart wine.

a »&>jV*. hdris, A farmer, ploughman ; one
who gathers, collects, hoards up ; the lion ;
name of a man.

A hdrij. A criminal, an offender ; an
obstructer, hinderer ; obstacle, hindrance.

a y-j^e- hdris, A keeper ; a governor, de-
fender, watchman; a sentinel, guard.

a [j>y^ hdris, Qreedy, covetous, avari-
cious.

a ftdrisa, A blow on the head pene-
trating through the skin.

a (.jta. hdrim, A small fortified town in
Syria.

a hdtim, Wise, provident, wary, pru-
dent.

a hdzamiyat, Name of a sect.

A a-U hdsid, Envious ; an enemy.

Aj-U hdsir, Naked, unarmed, not having
helmet, mail, or shield.

a i~>\*- hdssa, One of the five senBes ; —
hdasa'i i dmma, Common sense.

a j!>W hash, i*W hdshd, Besides, except ;
God forbid ! let it not be ! iu no shape ! —
hdshd zadan (hardan). To utter the prece-
ding exclamation ; — hdshd ki, Heaven forbid
that !

A oU.U hdshd 1 , Thyme,

a hashir, A collector ; one of the
names given to Muhammad.

A AaiU. hdshiyat, hdshiya, A margin,
edge, border; selvage, hem; facings (of a
uniform) ; a marginal note, scholia ; post-
script (m.c.) ; men of inferior rank, atten-
dants; young camels; — hdshiya'i bagb-
bandi, A flower-bed, a parterre (m.c).

a ^yt hdshiya-bos, Kissing the

skirt.

<5-)AU. hdshiya-ddr, Having a margin,
<fec. ; having marginal notes.

a &-aAt- hdshiya-gaivah, An attesting
witness (by writing his name on the mar-
gin)- _

a y-s^J i~*>\*» hdshiya-nishin, Sitting on
the outskirts (of an assembly) ; — hdehiya-
nishindiii mahkama, Assessors of court of
justice (m.c).

a s-~°^ hdsib, (Wind) scattering gravel
or flakes of snow; (a cloud) discharging
snow or hail.

a a*V hdsid, A reaper, mower.

a Adsir, Who or what blocks up ; a

( 408 )

restrainer ; an astringent ; a calculator,
numberer; a mat; a mat-maker.

a J->W hdsil, The outcome, produce,
result ; harvest ; profit, gain ; tax, duty,
revenue ; inference, corollary ; substance,
purport, object ; [hdsilu 'l-amr, In short, to
sum up ; — hdsili bazar, Market-dues, toll ; —
hdsili tafriq, The remainder (in subtraction) ;
■ — hdsili taqsim (qismai), The quotient ; —
hdsili jam 1 , The sum or total; — hdsiii zarb,
The product (of multiplication) ; — hdsili
kaldm, In short, briefly, in fine ;] — hdsil
uftddan (dmadan, bildan), To be produced ;
— Mail dddan, To produce ; — hdsil ddsMan,
To have in store, to be supplied with ; —
hdsil (ba-hdsil) shudati, To be gained ; to
accrue ; to happen, to come to pass (m.c.) ;
— hdsil (ba-hdsil) kardan (sdkhtan), To
acquire, gain, collect; to indulge; — hdsil
kdshtan, To cultivate ; — hdsili masdar, An
abstract noun ; — az m chi hdsil, What will
it profit us ? (m.c.) ; — tahsili hdsil, Carrying
coal to Newcastle, a superfluity.

a. mX>W (idsildt (pi. of the preceding),
proceeds, results.

y}^- hdsil-khiz, Fertile, productive

(m.c).

ajW J-«^ hdsil-ddr, A collector.

a. hdzir, Present, at hand, ready,
prepared ; at the service of, willing, con-
tent ; (in gram.) the present tense ; the
second person ; a large tribe ;— hdzir shu-
dan, To appear before, to be present ; to be
prepared, ready, in order ; — hdzir kardan,
To prepare, make present, or ready.

a ct^U. hdzir at, Invocations of spirits ;
exorcisms.

a vJ'V 4 ^" hdzirdti, Conjuring or exorci-
eing evil spirits, an exerciser, a conjurer.

a hdzirdn (P. pi. of hdzir), The

people present, the audience.

a \J>^t _r*^ hdzir-bdsh, A constant or re-
gular attendant, a follower, retainer.

a ^iU- hdzir-bdshl, Constant atten-
dance.

a lyt\&- huzirat, A city, a fixed residence.

a s*\j> hdzir-jawdb, Ready at an

answer, pert; echo,

a ij)\f>- j-*U. hdzir-jaw&bi, A repartee,
ready wit.

a i^sb- f*\*- hdzir-sukhun, A ready talker.

a (^*^> hazir-zamin, A surety for
personal appearance, bail.

a ^y**^* hdzir-zdmini, A bond for

personal appearance, a bail-bond.

a tgr 4 ^- hdzirl, Presence, readiness, atten-
dance ; audience ; muster-roll ; breakfast ;
dessert ; an offering made to a saint.

a tj^W Mzirin (obi. case of the Ar. pi.
of hdzir used as nom.), The persons pre-
sent, the company, assembly ; — hdzirlni
majlis, The present company, this meeting
(m.c).

A iiU hdfat, A coast, shore, brink, bank ;

adversity, affliction ; — hafatanu 'l-ieddi, The
two banks of a river.

a jiU. hdflr, A digger, excavator ; a hoof,
nail, claw.

A tji\*~ hdfirat, Beginning of anything;
original form.

a Ui=> hdfiz, A keeper, preserver, guar-
dian ; a commander, governor ; the Pre-
server of all things (God) ; gifted with a
good memory ; one who has by heart the
whole Qur'fm ; a blind man (because such
fall frequently under the preceding cate-
gory); name of the greatest lyric poet of
Persia, Muhammad Shamsu 'd-din ; (hence
met.) a poet ; — hufizi haqiqi, The true pre-
server (God) ; — hdfizani qiW (P. pi. of
hdfiz), Governors of fortresses.

a At>i^ hdfiza (for quwati hdfiza), The re-
tentive faculty, a good memory ; — hdfiza'i
luglidt, Memory of words.

a ^JU. hafi, Barefoot ; a judge ; a proper
name.

A JS^- hdqq, Middle of anything ;—hdqqu
'l-fakhiz, The cavity in which the hip-bone
is set.

a hdqqat, Sure, impending, descend-
ing (calamity) ; day of judgment ; middle
of anything.

a hdqin, Troubled with diabetes;

one suffering under a retention of urine.

a hakat (pi. of hd'ik), Weavers; —
hdkkat, A tooth.

a hakim, A governor ; commander ;
a judge, magistrate ; a name of God ; —
hdkimi bd-ikhliydr, A competent autho-
rity ; — hdkimi bald, A superior officer ; —
hdkimi bahri, Marine prefect (m.c.) ; — hd-
kimi dlwdnl, An officer of the civil court ;
— hdkimi zi iJMiydr (majdz), A judge, Ac,
with full powers ; — hdkimi ahar'. Presiding
judge (m.c.) ; — hdkimi zer-dant, A subordi-
nate officer; — hdkimi 'addlat, Judge ; — hd-
kimi faujddrf, A judge presiding over a cri-
minal court; — hdkimi qalami, Civil gover-
nor (m.c.) ; — hdkimi waqt, The present
ruler or rulers, the government of the day
(the above terms not marked as modern
colloquialisms are especially used in
India).

a AiU£W hdkimdna, Judicially, with autho-
rity.

a t f&e- hdkim-bdehii, Principal phy-
sician in waiting.

a hdkim-nishln, Seat of a ruler

or governor, &c. (m.c).

i <_5*^=- hdkimi, Governmental ; rule,
sway, government, dominion ; authority,
power ; magistracy.

a hd.ki, A relator, narrator, author,
historian.

A J^=- hdl, State, situation, condition,
mode, manner ; an affair, thing ; time pre-
sent, present tense ; prosperous circum-
stances ; ecstasy ; [hdl (ba-hdl) dmadan, To

( 409 )

come round, to come to one's senseB (m,c.) ;
— hal an hi, The fact is that; whereas,
now that, though, notwithstanding ; —
%ali peshln (sabiq), The former or past
state ; — hdl kardan, To be in an ecstasy ; —
akU hdl, The people of ecstasy, i.e. Sufis
(opp. to ahli qal, people of talk, i.e. the
learned) ; — dar In hdl, Meanwhile, at this
moment (m.c.) ;] — hall, Descending (some
commentators derive the meaning " ecstasy "
from this word, as that which descends
upon the ascetic") ; due (debt).

a "SU. halan, hala, Now, at present; — az
hala, From this day forward, henceforth
(m.c).

a uuSU. halat (pi. of hal and halat).
States, conditions; changes, vicissitudes;
facts, particulars; — halati kkds, Special
circumstances.

a s-J^ hdlib, A milker; the ureter.

a hdl-bdql, Current balance.

JW hdl-banjin, An anticipation
of the revenue by bringing part of the
next year's rents to the account of the pre-
sent.

a JU- hal.pursi, Inquiry after a per-
son's health (m.c.)

a halat, hala, State, quality, condi-
tion ; posture of affairs ; one of the stages
of the mystical progress of the Sufis,
ecstasy; (in gram.) case; — halati izdfi,
The genitive case; — ltdlati baina 't-tulu'ain,
The state (of the atmosphere) between the
two risings (of dawn and the sun, m.c.) ; —
halati fa'ill, The nominative ; — halati
mafall, The objective case ; — halati naz',
Agony, pangs of death ; — halati nauba,
Intermission, intermittent type (med.) ; —
yak hdla'i bar, One half of a load, as much
as a beast carries on one side.

o halati (halate), A state, i.e. a nice
state of things, a deuce of an affair (m.c).

a J«UJU. hdl-hdsil, Present produce.

a JU. JU. hdl-sdl, The present year, this
year.

a ix— hal-shikasta, In broken-down
circumstances.

UjJW htilu.md, Name of a plant otherwise
called surkh-mard (see *y cr*).

a halt, Adorned with jewels of gold
or silver; belonging to the present time ;
new, modern ; current (coin) ; descriptive
of a state ; [hdli shudan, To be clear ; to
perceive (m.c.) ; — hdli kardan, To explain,
to demonstrate (m.c.) ;] — hale, Now, at
this instant, at this time ; — hale ki, In the
moment that, the instant that.

a 'IJU. hdliyan, At present.

a iJU* hdllyat, hdliya, The present parti-
ciple; present, reigning at the present day
(m.c.) ; — iemi hdliya, The Persian participle
terminating in an.

a ham, Ham, son of Noah, alleged
father of the negroes ; [jaithi ham (the

host of Ham), Darkness;] — hdm-in (with
Ta nwin for k _y*^), A he-camel having pro-
duced ten young, hence exempt from labour
and not to be slaughtered.

a a^U. hdmid, One who praises, a praiser.

a yA-Vs. hdmiz, Sour, acid, sharp, pun-
gent.

a J-U. hdm.il, A porter, carrier ; preg-
nant; — hdmili asfdr, An ass; an ignorant
workman or reader ; — hdmili main, A com-
mentary with test ; — hdmili maktijb (khat,
ruq'a), A letter-carrier ; — hdmili wahy, The
bearer of revelation, Gabriel ; — zikri hdmil,
Mental prayer,

a hdmilat (pi. of hdmilat), Clouds

heavy with rain,

a AL.U hdmila, Pregnant ; laden with
fruit (a tree) ; heavy with rain (cloud) ;—
hdmila shudan, To become pregnant, to
conceive ; — hdmila kardan, To render preg-
nant, to impregnate.

A o^"^ hdmi, A protector, defender ; sup-
porter, patron ; a person pledging himself
to the fulfilment of another's promise or en-
gagement ; a he-camel emancipated from
labour.

a ls^°- hdmi, A son of Ham ; an Ethiop,
negro.

a hdmiyat, hdmiya, A protectress ;

a protective body ; defenders, protectors ; a
she-camel exempted from labour; a trivet;
stones filling a well; — 'aini hdmiya, Name
of a fountain in which the sun is said to set.

a Mnis, A false-swearer, perjurer.

A i=>ylo. hdnut, A tavern ; a shop ; a vint-
ner, a wine-seller.

a hdni, Name of a city in Diyarbakr
celebrated for its iron mines.

a (^jts- hdwi, One who collects, contains,
or comprehends ; a collector.

a 4jjC=- hdwiya, Mesentery ; entrails.

AjfCw hd'ir, Astonished, stupefied; ema-
ciated, lean ; a conflux of water, a whirl-
pool ; the burial-place of Husain, son of
AH.

A hd'it, Wall, inclosure, fence ; a
garden.

a uitfU hd'ih, A weaver.

a Jfte. hd'il, Who or what intervenes, in-
terrupts, prevents ; preventer, hinderer ;
obstacle, impediment ; a screen.

A s-o. habb, A grain, berry, seed ; a pill
(habb xadan, To take a pill) ; [habbu 'l-
asl, Tamarisk-seed (used against diseases
of the spleen and against the mange) ;
— habbu 'l-tis, Myrtle- berries (used against
the bite, of scorpions and tarantula, and
to abate intoxication) ; — habbu 'l-bana,
Persian turpentine seeds; — habbu 'e-saldtjn
('l-muluk), Croton tiglium, a purgative
seed ; — habbu 's-mddn, Egyptian wiisia
seed (used against ophthalmia and leucor-
rhcea) ; — habbu 'l-ghdr, Laurel-berries (con-
sidered to be a diuretic and antidote) ; —

( 410 )

habbu 'l-qar', Tapeworm ; — habbu 'J-qn^an-
ful, Alpine thyme ; — habbu 'l-qilqil {qulqul),
Seeds of the oval-leaved cassia (a calming
application against bruises and rheumatic
pains ; — habbu 'l-niushk, Abelmosk (the
European corruption of the Arabic- Persian
term) ; — habbu 'n-nil, Seed of the blue
water-lily (used to evacuate phlegm and
bile) ; woad for dyeing ;~habbi balsdn, The
fruit of the tree balm of Gilead ; — hnbbi
'arm (kaknaj), Zedoary ; — fyabbi 'ambar, A
pill or grain of ambergris habbi qdqula
(sijittunl), A cardamum grain ;] — hubb,
Love, affection, friendship ; wish, desire ; a
wine-jar ; — hubbu 'l-wafan, Love of one's
country, patriotism ; — hubbi shahwdnl, The
generative instinct ; — hubbi ivalad, Love for
one's children ; — hubb u widdd, Love and
friendship ; — 'amali hubb, A love-charm.

a *V- hit ba (v.n 3 of A gift.

A <-r*W=- habdb, A bubble; — hibdb (v.n. 3
of s-o-), Loving, cultivating friendship ; —
hubab, Love, friendship ; beloved ; the
object of one's affections or efforts.

a us>W=- habub'i, Of or resembling a
bubble ; full of bubbles ; bubbling.

A uuLa- habbat (pi. of habbat), Corns,
grains ; pulse.

A H-a-W"* hubdhib. Name of a very avari-
cious man, who was afraid to light a fire,
lest it should invite guests to visit him ; —
abii hubdhib, or simply hubdhib, A glow-
worm.

a JjjW 0 - hubdrd, A bustard.

st \*Ws- habdqd, The lote-tree.

a JW». hibdl (pi. of habl), Ropes ;—habbdl,
A rope-maker.

a ilLj* Jfibdlat, A net, gin ; — habmllat, A
fit time, a proper opportunity.

a J»°W=- habd'il (pi. of hibdlat), Nets,
snares, gins.

a s-<-s- habab, A bubble ; freshness and
brilliancy of teeth.

A i— hababat (pi. of hibb), Lovers,
friends ; — hibabat (pi. of hubb), Jars.

a habbat, One berry, grain, or seed ; a
grain (a weight, the eighth part of a dd-
nik); particle, part; a mite, an obolus ;
[al-habbatu 'l-khazrd', The fruit of the ban-
tree ; — habbatu 'l-qalb, The heart's core;
(met.) original sin ;] — hibbat, A wild berry;
— hubbat, Love, friendship ; (also hubat) a
grape-stone.

A habbatd, 0 excellent ! brave ! how
charming !

Aj*»- habr (v.n.), Beautifying, adorning ;
putting ink into an inkstand ; making
glad; joy, gladness, cheerfulness ; yellow-
ness of teeth ; — hibr, Ink ; beauty ; a sign ;
signs of joy ; yellowness of (eeth ; — hibr,
habr, A learned man, Jewish doctor ; a man
of probity aDd honour ;—habar (v.n.),
Making glad ; being raw (a, wound) ; —

stuffs of

hibar, Striped stuffs of Yaman ; — habir,
Soft and new.

a (jlJ^ hibr-dan,, An ink-stand.

a habs (v.u.), Retaining ; detaining,
imprisoning ; restriction, restraint ; confine-
ment; a place of confinement, prison, jail;
courage, bravery ; (also hibs) a mound,
dike, dam ; a reservoir, tank, pond ; —
habsu 't-tams, Suppression of the menses;
— habsu 'n-nafas, Suffocation ; — habsi haul,
Strangury ; — habsi dam, Retention of the
breath, which some faqirs practise for a very
long time, believing thereby to prolong
life, on the theory that every man has a
predestined number of inspirations to make,
which thus would extend over a longer
period ; asthma ; — habsi dawdm ba-'ubiiri
daryd'i shor, Transportation for life beyond
the sea ; — habs hardan, To arrest, put in
prison.

a i_r-~=* hohash, An Abyssinian ; also —
a habashat, Abyssinia, Ethiopia;

natives of Southern Arabia, Abyssinians,
Ethiopians.

a habasht, Of or belonging to Abvs-

sitiia or Ethiopia ; Abyssinian, Ethiopian ;
negro, black slave.

A habaz (v.n.), Pulsating, beating
(as an artery) ; vibrating and twanging (a
bowstring) ; falling short (an arrow) ;
l.eing exhausted (water in a well) ; in-
fringement of a right.

a Jiabt (v n.), Being shed with im-
punity (blood) ; being done in vain or with-
out reward (work), being lost; — habat
(v.n.), Being cicatrized (a wound) ; swell-
ing, becoming constipated from too much
or unwholesome food (cattle) ; the cica-
trized sear of a wound or scourge.

a habq (v.n.), Farting ; a blow with
a stick, rope, or scourge; — habaq, Mint;—
habaqi qaranfull (karmdni), Sweet basil ; —
habaqi ■nabtl, Basil.

A habh (v,n.), Weaving well (a gar-
ment) ; doing anything firmly and well;
cutting; decapitating.

a J~=» habl, A rope, cord, halter; a ten-
don ; a vein (hablu 'z-zird', A tendon in
the arm ; — hablu 'l-warid, The jugular
vein) ; a bond, cause of union; a covenant,
compact, league, alliance; union, connec-
tion; hardship, heavy work; a calamity;
— habal (v.n.), Being pregnant, being full;
anger ; a date-tree ; a vine.

a JjLe- habld, A pregnant woman,
a habn, hibn, Oleander, rose-laurel.
a y>*- habw (v.n.), Shuffling along the
ground on his backside (a boy) ; creeping
on his hands and belly (a man) ; hitting
the mark by rebound (an arrow) ; meeting,
being or coming near; refusing, withhold-
ing; guarding, defending; being high,
raised up.

a -r 1 ^ htihub (pi. of habl), Grains, berries.

( 411 )

A huhubdt (pi. of the preceding),

Cereals, edible grains ; — hububdt wa-buqu-
lat, Vegetables, pot-herbs.

a if**- kubwat, A mode of sitting with the
legs and thighs contracted, and the hands
folded round the knees.

d-s- habba, see A.

tt;i <s-=> habba-bar, A petty thief ; a pick-
pocket; mean j greedy.

a s-<rt=- kablb, Beloved; a lover, sweet-
heart, mistress ; a friend ; — habibxi Jckudd
(hablbu 'llak), Abraham ; Muhammad.

a habibat, An object of desire ; Ma-
din a.

a l~te- hibyal, A mode of silting with
the legs and thighs drawn together and
tied with a sash.

a habir, A dappled cloud ; a kind of
striped, embroidered stuff ; a new gar-
ment.

A hablhat, A path. ; a curl on water,
or in a lock of hair ; a ring in a coat of
mail.

a hait (v.n.), Scraping dry dirt from
a garment ; falling (as leaves or fruit from
the trees) ; hastening, urging to haste ;
fleet, swift (horse, camel, bird) ; good,
noble, generous (man) ; a dead locust ;
name of a sword ; — hutt, Pried barley
bruised small ; name of a tribe ; name of a
mountain.

a hittir, The foreskin; the sphincter
of the anus; the perinseum; the seam be-
tween the testicles.

a |»Ub. hattdma, How long ? till when ?

A hatad (v.n.), Abiding, staying at a
place ; — haiid, Of pure origin ; — liutnd, The
essence or root of a thing ; eyes affected by
a hard substance which corrodes the lashes
and edges,

a /»■ hah- (v.n.), Giving little; tying
tight, making fast; looking sharply; tas-
ting; feeding; eating voraciously; giving
an entertainment on account of a new
house ; sowing a border on the skirt of a
tent ; — hatr, hitr, ETigh ground ; a small
matter ; — hitr, A small gift ; anything
sown to the lower part of a tent to keep it
close to the ground.

a hatf, Death ; — mata hatf a anfihi,
He died a natural death.

a fj*- katm (v.n.), ^Rendering necessary ;
doing firmly and solidly ; necessary ; de-
termination ; jurisdiction.

a lain, hitn, Like, equal ; — hatan

(v.n.), Being hot (the day) ; mountain-
sides.

a y*- hatw (v.n.), Running hard.

a Jy;^ huluf (pi, of hatf), Deaths ; —
luyufi huhlf, Death-giving swords ;—quiuji
hviaf, Vintages of death; — ledsdti huluf,
Chalices of death.

a Jy^- hatld, To, until, even to, as far tis ;
in order that, so that; unless, except ; to

such a degree that ; — kattd 'l-imhdn (hattd
'l-maqddr, hattd 'l-wus'), To the utmost of
one's power, to the best of one's ability.

a e-e. kasj (v.n.), Instigating, exciting,
stimulating ; — huss, Chaff, chopped straw
scattered about ; dry, hard, glittering
sand ; dry bread or corn.

A ^ haga, Chaff ; husks and refuse of
dates.

Aji^ (<asar (v.n.), Having a piuaple or
sty (the eye-lid) ; being covered with
blotches (the skin) ; candying, granulating
(honey); being thick and strong; being
ample ; dregs, sediment, mother of oil, lees
of wine.

Ujio. kasarmd, A kind of mint.

A hasm (v.n.), Giving ; rendering

soft and pliable.

A E =- hajj (v.n.), Setting out, tending to-
wards; going on pilgrimage to Mecca, and
performing the ceremonies there ; over-
coming in argument ; probing a wound ; —
kajji asghar, The lesser pilgrimage ; — hajji
akbar, The greater pilgrimage ; — hajju 'l-
far?, The obligatory pilgrimage to be per-
formed by every Muslim once in his life-
time ; — hajj kkaridan, To buy an outfit for
the pilgrimage ; — amlri hajj, The chief com-
mander of the pilgrims.

a s^W 1 - hijdh (v.n. of w-**-), Veiling,
concealing; a partition; a veil, curtain; a
membrane ; modesty, bashfulness ; night ;
[hijdh bar-ddsMan, To unmask ; — hijabi
hdjin, Diaphragm; — hijabi huhll, Heaven;
a black cloud ; dust ; — hijdh kardan, To
veil, draw a curtain, cover, hide ;] — hujjdb
(pi. of hdjib), Porters ; chamberlains of the
king's apartments.

a to'iA**- hijt'tbdna, Concealment, secrecy ;
modestly, bashfully.

a <j*-*^- s-^^ hijab-chashmi, Sheep's-
eyed.

« v^^* hijabi, Veiled ; modest ; conceal-
ment, secrecy.

a hajdj, hijdj, The bone surround-
ing the eye ; the eye-brow ; a side ; — hijdj
(v.n. 3 of £=-), Pleading a cause, bringing
proofs ; — hajjdj, A litigious man, a squab-
bler ; name of the celebrated governor of
Arabia and Iraq, lbn Yusiif as-Saqafi, held
in great abhorrence by the Persians as a
tyrant and oppressor; — hujjiij (pi. of hajj),
Pilgrims to Mecca.

a j^.'- hajjdr, A lapidary; a stone-
mason.

A ^j^*- l.iijdrat (pi. of hajar), Stones; —
hijdrat u midarat, Stones and clods.

a tS;W=* hajjari, Sculpture ; stone-
masonry ; — hajjari Itardan, To sculpture, to
carve in stone (mtn.ee).

A )^*^ hijilz (v.n. 3 of )*=*), Prohibit-
ing, keeping asunder ; a barrier, or any-
thing similar, by which two things are se-
parated ; Mecca, Madica, and the adjacent

( 412 )

territory, Arabia Petreoa ; a rope ; one of
the principal musical modes or styles of
the Persians.

a <j3^>^ hajdzl, Of or belonging to Hijiz ;
a native of Hijiiz.

a hijdm, A rein, bridle, bit, muzzle ;
— hajjdm, A barber; a bleeder, cupper,
scarifier, phlebotoraist.

a 4-^>- hajdmat (v.n. of The pro-

fession of a barber or cupper ; shaving,
cupping, scarifying, &c. ; a cupping-glass ;
— kajamat Jcardan, To cup, to bleed.

a ^y^- hajjdmi, Profession of cupper or
barber.

a s-**. hajb (v.n.). Veiling, intervening,
precluding; cutting oS (an heir) from his
portion, barring; — hujub (pi. of hijdb),
Veils, curtains.

a ias=^ hajjat, hijjat, A pilgrimage to
Mecca ; \_zii hhijjai, The last month of the
Arabian year (because upon the tenth day
a solemn feast is celebrated in Mecca) ;] —
hujjat, Argument, proof, reason, demonstra-
tion ; plea, allegation; sentence, decision;
pretence, excuse ; altercation, disputation ;
— hujjati usluwdr, TbeQur'an; — hujjat kar-
dan, To decide, pass sentence ; to make use
of argument or excuse ; — hujjati la-td'il, A
useless objection, frivolous pretext, cavil ;
— hujjati muhkam, An instrument for re-
moving scab; — bila hujjat, Undisputed,
unchallenged.

a iil^s. hujjatdna, A voucher.

a ^U.) sr-^^ hujjat-nnmdy, An arguer.

a ij^es- hujjati, A sound reasoner ; a dis-
putatious person, a sophist, wrangler ; a
caviller.

A;^=- hajar, A stone; the philosopher's
stone ; [hajari armant, The Armenian stone,
of which there are two kinds, blue and red ;
— hajari asyus, Nitre ; — hajaru 'l-aswad,
The black stone (at Mecca) ; — hajaru 7-
barq, Avanturine ; — hajaru 't-tais, Animal
bezoar, bozoar-stone (held by the Persians
to be a most powerful antidote, see ;*j«>Vj
Ac.) ; — hajaru 'd-dam, Blood-atone, num-
molite (considered a specific against the
piles) ; — hajaru 'r-rahmdn, Lapis divinus ;
— hajaru 'l-kazak, A very white stone found
on the shores of the Indian sea ; — hajaru 'l-
■i/a'uld, Lapis judaicus (considered a diu-
retic and dissolvent of calculus) ; — hajari
andcfhdtus, A stone which produces a
blood-red colour when rubbed with water,
and serves us an eve-medicine when mixed
with human milk ; — hajari babiiq&rt, Onyx
(used for amulets) \— hajari safrawl, Gall-
stone ; — Ijajari kulya,Rena\ calculus, gravel;
— hajari luhdght (us, A black stone smelling
like pitt;h, which is found in Syria; — hajari
masdna, Bladder-stone ;] — hajr, The socket
of the eye ; a town in Yaniamah ; (pi. of
hajrat) courts, sides of houses ; — hajr, hujr
(v.n.), Prohibiting, barring, preventing ; the

bosom ; — -hijr, Intel lect ; the northern wall
of the Ka'bah ; the country of Samud; a
mare; — hujr (in P.), The waist-band of the
drawers.

a hujardt (pi- of hujrat), Chambers,

&c. ; — hujardti talaba, Students' cells.

a uVv- h a 3^rdn (dual of hajar), Gold and
silver.

a fi^o. hajrat, A courtyard, the side of a
house ; — hujrat, hujra, A chamber, closet,
cell ; a box in a theatre, circus, &c. (m.c.) ;
— hujra'i-khds, A secret apartment \~huj-
ra'i khtudb, The corners of the eye ; — hujra'i
makhsiis, A private box (m.c.).

a (f\5j+*. hajaratan (dual of hajarat, n.u.
of hajar), Gold and silver.

a (jy^ hajari, Made of stone, stony, pe-
trous.

a k.y**- hajariyat, Stoniness.

Aj<*«v hajz (v.n.), Prohibiting, prevent-
ing; interposing, intervening; making (a
camel) lie down, and tying his fore-legs (in
order to dress his sore back) ; — hijz, hujt,
Root, origin; kindred, near relations; side,
margin, quarter ; — hajaz (v.n ), Being dis-
eased in the intestines from thirst ; thirst
caused by a pain in the bowels.

a i_Aq,=- hajaf, Leathern shields ; breasts
(sing, hajafat).

hajak, A rose.

a <sl^=- hajala, A partridge ; — hajla (*!»*■
(_jjL*1j hajla 'i ddmddi), A curtain drawn
before the bride's chamber ; a kind of cur-
tained canopy, alcove, or ornamented pavi-
lion for a bride ; the bridal chamber ; the
marriage bed ; — hajla drdetan (bastan), To
deck out the bridal chamber, &c.

a aiU hajla-kh&na, The place where
the hajla is prepared.

a jl~ &l<^=. hajla-sdz, <^r& sit^ hajla-kaeh,
Who adorns or prepares a bridal chamber,
&c.

a itf ilqs±» liajla-gdh, = <U^- il^a- q.v.

a Js^**"" hijld (pi. of hajalat), Partridges.

a f*^. hajm (v.n.), Cupping, bleeding,
sucking (the teat) ; swelling (the breast) ;
keeping (one) back (from anything) ; a
prominence ; thickness, bigness, magni-
tude ; bulk, size.

a (;><^ hajn (v.n.), Bending (a stick) ;
drawing anything towards oneself with a
stick curved at the extremity ; hindering,
turning away ; — hajan. Crookedness, cur-
vature ; decay, old age.

a y**. hajw (v.n.), Stopping, standing,
remaining; keeping a secret; conjectu-
ring, opining ; driving (as the wind a ship).

a yj*e- hajun, Remote, distant, a long
way off ; lazy, slothful ; name of a mountain
at Mecca with houses and a cemetery
upon it.

a s-*%»- haj'ib (by Iinalah for hajdb), A
veil.

a j-^c- hajlj (pi. of hdjj), Pilgrims.

( 413 )

a j***- kajlr, Stony (gi-ound).
a » * j»r. Aa/»/, Wind in the bowels.
A J***" hajll, (A horse) white on three
feet.

a ab. hadd, had (v.n.), Setting hounds ;
defining ; boundary, term, limit, extremity,
extent ; a goal for racers, a starting-post ;
bar, obstruction, impediment, separation ;
point of a thing, edge (of wit or of steel),
sharpness ; cause of urgency ; anger, rage,
fury ; a restrictive ordinance of the divine
law ; legal punishment (especially by the
lash) for certain crimes ; — haddi bulugh.
Puberty; — kaddifdsil, A partition; — haddi
fdsil bildan, To keep separate ; — an had birun,
Beyond bounds, without the limits ; enor-
mous, excessive, exorbitant ; — az had gmmh-
ian. To exceed just limits, to be exorbitant ;
— id hade hi (td az had hi), So that, until
that;' — chi had daram, What business have
I? how can I? (m.c).

a »\*>. huda' (v.n.), Making camels to
travel with alacrity by singing to them.

S*W hida'at, A kite, a sparrow-hawk.

a !S\j*. haddsat (v.n. of <±>**-), Being new,
fresh and young ; youth, tender age ; be-
ginning, novelty, freshness of anything.

a jU hidad (v.n. of **■), Wearing
mourning ; mourning habits ; (pi. of hadid)
sharp, cutting (as swords, &c.) ; — kadddd,
A smith, a worker in iron ; a farrier.

a (jJl^t- haddadl, Trade of a blacksmith.

a 4>W haddqa (for**^ q. v.), Ingenuity,
skill.

a kadd'iq (pL of kadiqat), Gardens ;

— hadd'iqu 'Lbaldg&a (the gardens of elo-
quence), A treatise on literary composition.

A s->-*°- hadab (v.n.), Being favourably in-
clined, benevolence ; gibbosity, a roundness
of back with a corresponding concavity in
the breast; a heaping up of waters; high
ground, hilliness ; a declivity ; a mark on
the skin ; a kind of white thistle.

a o^J*- hadbd', Hump-backed (woman).

a <j--Mi. v o. had-bast, ^s-**} had-bandl, Fix-
ing the boundaries.

A Sjo. hidat, hida (v.n. of ^j), Being
alone, sole, unique (see ,J*) ; — hiddat
(v.n. of !»■), Taking an edge, becoming
sharp ; the edge (of a sword) ; sharpness ;
passion, vehemence, impetuosity, fury.

A *±>J»- hadas, hods (v.n.), A beginning,
commencement, innovation ; a novelty ; any-
thing contingent or accidental, event,
casualty, accident ; anything which comes
out of the body and causes defilement,
thereby necessitating ablution before en-
tering on prayer, excrement ; — hids, One
who converses with kings, an entertaining
story-teller and royal favourite.

a wytfjo- hadas at, Accidents.

A hidsan. Beginning, novelty, first

and fresh appearance ; accidents, events ; —
hudsan (pi. of kadis), Young men.

a kadasiyat, Name of a sect.

A hadj (v.n.), Loading a camel (par-
ticularly with the litter kidj) ; charging a
man with fraud, &c, accusing; shooting at
(with an arrow, <fcc.) ; — hid], A burden ; a
camel's litter in which women ride ; — hadaj,
The wild gourd ; a fresh melon.

A;^- hadr (v.n.), Being fat, robust, of a
firm, compact habit of body ; making haste;
swelling from a blow (the skin) ; causing a
swelling ; descending ; throwing down ;
hemming or lacing the edge of a garment,
&c. ; relaxing the bowels; enclosing, em-
bracing, enfolding; — hadar (v.n. of J"***),
Shedding tears (the eye) ; a declivity, de-
scent.

a sjj As* had-nada, Punished, chastised (by
having eighty lashes inflicted).

a hads (v.n.), Thinking, conjectur-
ing, suspecting, imagining ; finding soon
something that had been lost ; wandering
without a guide ; going fast, making haste ;
trampling upon, treading down ; stabbing in
the breast (a camel) ; throwing down ; — ■
hadas, Name of a people in the time of
Solomon.

a had-shikan, A trespasser (en-

croacher on his neighbour's boundaries).

a imS &> had-shilcani, A trespass.

a *3-*=. hadq (v.n.), Surrounding ; behold-
ing ; — hadaq, The brinjal or egg-plant ;
pupils of the eyes (pi. of the following).

a &>a=. hadaqat, The pupil of the eye.

a p-is- hadm, hadam, Fierce heat of fire.

a ->jAfcrf Jk* Ziad-makdfid, Within defined
limits (a term in leases or farming con-
tracts).

a jAb. hadw (v.n.), Making (camels) travel
with alacrity by singing to them ; following
(as night follows day).

A ti»jAo. hudus (v.n. of ^Ao.), Appearing ;
being new, fresh, young; novelty, origi-
nality, invention ; — hudiisi eaiigi masdna,
Formation of stone or gravel (med.).

a hudud (pi. of hadd), Boundaries,
confines, metes, limits ; rules, definitions ; —
hududi arba'a, The four boundaries ; —
hududi shar'lya, Penal laws.

a hadur, A declivity, descent ; — hudur
(v.n. of j**-), Descending.

a hudaibiyat, Name of a place near

Mecca where Muhammad made treaty with
the Quraish.

a ki-jJui. hadfe, New, newly made ; history,
tradition (particularly with regard to the
sayings and actions of Muhammad).

a -ij-io- hadid, Keen, sharp ; iron ; an in-
strument or implement of iron ; a helmet.

a 6JoJu>- hadida, A machine for drawing
wire ; a strong stick with an iron point,
with which importunate beggars strike the
head, breast, or any other limb, while
uttering imprecations until they receive a
gift.

( 414 )

A &tJf- hadiqat, An inclosed garden ; an j
orebard, a palm-plantation ; name of a Til-
lage near Madina; — liadiqatu 'r-rahmdn, A
garden of the false prophet Musailamah,
who was killed near it, whence the name
was changed into hadlqatu 'l-maut.

a ^ hazz (v.n.), Cutting up by the
roots, a breaking off ; walking fast, hurry-
ing.

a i>^j& Mza' (v.n. 3 of j-*=-), Being over
againBt, facing ; one thing opposite an-
other ; a shoe ; the hoof of a horse or camel;
opposite, over against.

a yfije* hazdfir (pi. of huzfur), Head,
sides, parts, extremities ; all of it, entirely.

a Sflia. hazdqat (v.n. of JS^), Being
clever at work ; quickness, sharpness ; in-
genuity.

a f>\$*» hazami, Name of a woman cele-
brated for the truthfulness and aptness of
her speech.

A ^»\^«- hazdmir, All, the whole.

A jio. hazaz, Shortness of tail ; a metrical
licence by which mutafa'ilun (w^_/— ^— )
of the Kamil becomes fa'ilun (^w— ).

a ^io. hazar, hizr, Avoiding, shunning ;
caution, prudence ; fear ; (in P. sometimes
erroneously for hazar) being ready, pre-
pared ; [hazar ddshtan (kardan, giriftan),
To beware;] — hazir, hazur, Cautious, wake-
ful, wary.

a i-iit- kazf (v.n.), Taking away part of
anything ; cutting off (a syllable of a word) ;
the grammatical figure apocope ; throwing;
striking (with a stick) ; conferring a fa-
vour, making a present ; making a brief
salutation ; — hazaf, Small black sheep
(without tail or ears) ; a small species of
duck.

a jjiy* hvzfur, Noble, illustrious ; all,
the whole of it (see ^*1J^).

a jia- hazq (v.n.), Cutting (a rope) ;
biting (as anything acid or astringent) ;
being pungent, sour ; — hizq, Excelling in
any art ; reading the Qur'iin well ; quick-
ness, cleverness, sharpness.

a kazm (v.n.), Cutting ; doing any-
hing quickly (as reading, travelling, etc.) ;
— hazim, Keen, sharp.

a jia. hazw (v.n.), Pitting one thing to
another ; placing or being placed opposite
each other; biting the tongue (wine);
cutting the hand (a knife).

A fii*- hazim, Cutting, sharp (sword).

£hir, Fog ; a cry by which the shepherd
j his Bheep together (see yfc, of which it
is another reading).

a harr (v.n.), Being hot; boiling;
heat, warmth, ardour ; (pi. of harrai) stony
places; — hir, hirr, Pudenda mulieiis; —
hurr, Free, a freed man ; liberal, well-born,
noble; the choicest of anything; a good
action ; a young pigeon ; a fawn ; the foetus
of a serpent ; a generous horse ; a hawk,

falcon ; — hurru 'r-raml, Pine sand, the
middle of a sand-beap ;—hurru 'l-wajh, The
most prominent part of the cheek.

a hir a', Name of a mountain near
Mecca, where Muhammed secluded him-
self to prepare for his prophetic mission.

a hards, A notch at the extremity
of a bow to receive the string ; — hirds, An
unfinished arrow; — harrds, A farmer,
ploughman; — hurras (pi. of haris),
Farmers, ploughmen, agriculturists,

a &>\f- hirdsat, Agriculture, tillage.

A hirdj (pi. of harajat), Troops of
camels ; thickets, brakes.

a tyy* hardrat, hardra (v.n. of f-),
Being hot; warmth, heat; feverishness,
anger, passion, vehemence ; ardour, zeal,
enthusiasm ; frenzy ; cozening j — hardrati
dmi, Panaticism; — hardrati z«ti \tab'\ya,
gharizi), Natural heat ; — hardrati ndriya, The
action of fire, caloric ; — hardrat mshtnad,
The heat abates.

a )\f* hirdz (v.n. R of jf), To exceed in
anything; vexation.

a &—\f* hirdsat (v.n. of u»f-), Guarding;
custody, guardianship; care; charge; es-
cort, guard hirdsat Ttardan, To guard,
preserve, govern.

a kardshd, Wild mustard.

A hurras (pi. of harts), Covetous,

greedy, eager.

a Jilf harraz, One who prepares ashea
of alkali ; a maker or burner of lime,
plaster or cement.

a u\f- harrdf, Ingenious, clever ; sharp,
astute, tricky ; pleasant, facetious ; talka-
tive, chatty ; communicative (m.c).

a &*ljE- hardfat, Sharpness of taste.

A hurdq, (Water) extremely salt ; (a
horse) full of fire, running at full speed ; —
hurdq, hirdq, Burnt.

a harrdqat, hurrdqat(V), Burnt; a

five-ship loaded with naphtha or missile
brands ; an instrument to project naphtha
or other inflammatory matter, a torpedo.

a tilths- hardk, Motion.

a f>\y>- hardm (v.n. of pf»), Being un-
lawful ; unlawful, forbidden, prohibited :
illegitimate ; an unlawful act, wrong-doing,
iniquity ; fornication, adultery ; holy, ve-
nerable, sacred (i.e. the violation of which
would be criminal) ; — hardm hudan, To be
unlawful, hence unprofitable, useless (m.c);
— hardm kardan, To make unlawful, to in-
terdict, hence to render impossible, unattain-
able (m.c.) ; — ibni hardm, An illegitimate
son, a bastard; — ba hardm raftan, To go
astray, to commit adultery ; — baitu (mas-
jidu) 'I- hardm, The temple of Mecca.

a yU^a. kardtnun, Mecca and Madina, the
two sacred cities.

a <W.y (t\f*- hardm-toshd, One who passes
his time in unlawful occupations (a term of
abuse).

( 415 )

u 4 ^

Who lives on the wages of iniquity, a venal
or corrupt person.

a (^Sy*) c&Aj^" fif* hardm-ihuidri
{ptwuri), Venality, corruption ; malversa-
tion, peculation.

a f»V- haram-zddagi, Illegitimacy ;

villainy.

a M) |»\^. hardm-zdda, Illegitimate, spu-
rious ; a bastard ; a villain, thief, robber.

a r - - -

terer,
o

act (especially adultery and fornication).

a sjjJ hardm-guda, Sluggish, sloth-
ful, good for nothing (see giida, ba-hardm
under *J>^).

a JL* <»f- kardm-mdl, Ill-gotten wealth.

a y** f\f~ haram-maghz, The spinal mar-
row.

fif- hardm-maut, Suicide.

haram-namah, Idle ; un-

)£ {Af. hardm-Mr, A fornicator, adul-
isft rV- hardm-kdri, Any forbidden

a

grateful.

Aaramt, Unlawful, illegal; spu-
rious ; a wicked person, robber, assassin ;
a rascal, cheat ; a bastard; illegality, vio-
lation of the law ; — namak ba-hardml /car-
dan, To violate the laws of hospitality
(m.c).

a tj**\f* hard-main, Mecca and Madina.

a harrdn, Harran in Mesopotamia
(the birthplace of Zardusht).

a o'^V* harrdntini (for harrdni), Of or
belonging to Harran.

a /V>- hard'iz, Choice camels not to be
sold.

a harb, War, warfare, battle, con-
flict ; an enemy ; a proper name ; [harb -it
qitdl, Battle and slaughter;] — harab (v.n.),
Spoiling, plundering, reducing to poverty ;
being very angry ; (in P. hirab) the buds
and flowers of the palm-tree.

A o^if- hirbd', A chameleon ; the rings,
buttons, pins, or joints of armour, bridles,
and the like; the back or heads of the
vertebra ; — shdhidi hirbd, The sun.

a usl^^jo. hirbundk, Full of chameleons
(spot).

a hf* harbai, harba, A hunting-spear,
javelin, dart, dagger, arms, implements of
war ; — hurbat, A sack, wallet, provision -
bag.

a sWyjo. harb-gdh, A battle-field.

a harbi, Warlike, hostile ; a warrior ;
— qild'i harbiya, Garrisons on the enemy's
frontiers.

a if harrat (v.n. of Being thirsty ;
a stony country ; — hirrat, Thirst ; — hurrat,
Free-born, noble (woman) ; a fine mileh
camel ; the back of the ear where the ear-
ring playB ; the night a bride preserves her
virginity.

A fairs (v.n.), Tilling, sowing;

ploughing ; gaining (money) ; marrying
four wives; becoming learned ; making
lean (a beast) with over-work.

a sy- hirj. The shell called Concha ve-
nerea, of the small white species, hung
round the neck to avert the effect of malig-
nant eyes ; part of the deer (given to the
hounds) ;— haraj, Narrowness ; a narrow
place ; a limited or finite part (opp. to to-
tality) ; a bier; sin, fault, crime; Jong (she-
camel) ; being dazzled (the eye) ; — haraj,
harij, A place impenetrable from the close-
ness of trees ; a thicket, grove.

a ^W-^ harajdt (pi. of ffarajat), Shrub-
beries.

a Q\f*-y>- harjawdn, A kind of wingless
locust which they cook and eat with salt.

a harajat, haraja, A thicket, shrub-
bery.

a harjala, A breeding stud (m.c).

a hard (v.n.), Intending, proposing;
being angry; hindering, keeping back; —
hird, A piece of a camel's bunch ; — harad
(v.n.), Having a contraction of the muscles
of the fore-leg caused by the tether ; op-
pressing, cramping, shackling (a coat of
mail).

Aj^ hars (v.n.), Guarding, preserving,
taking care of jealously ; — hirz, A fortifica-
tion ; garrison town, castle ; an amulet or
charm against fascination or enchantment ;
— harass. Polished nuts, used by children at
play.

a <j»j»- hars (v.n.), Guarding ; stealing ; —
haras (pi. of haris). Guards ; king's guards ;
a keeper.

a jSyo- harah (v.n.), Hunting the Lybian
lizard ; scratching ; rousing, stirring up
against; — harash (v.n.), Being rough (a
skiu), skiuued; — harish, Unable to sleep
from hunger.

a <-4*.^ harshaf, Scales of fish ; small
birds ; anything small ; studs and the like
to ornament an armour ; old people; weak
persons ; an artichoke ; — hurshvj', Rough and
bard ground.

a hurshufa, Rough and hard

ground.

a \ff* hars (v.n.), Splitting, cleaving ; a
fissure ; — hirs (v.n.) Desiring eagerly ;
avidity, avarice, cupidity, greediness, cove-
tousness.

a ,_^ys.Lsje- hirs-a-hirs, ^yf^f - hirs-d- hirst,
Greedily, avariciously, covetously.

a hirsi, Greedy, covetous, avari-

cious ; ambitious.

a <J>f~ haraz (v.n.), Being at the point of
death (from love or sickness) ; being worn
down by incessant anxiety ; unsoundness
(of mind, body, or creed); heingunarmed,
fearing to fight ; edge of a garment ; name
of a place in Yaman ; — haraz, hariz, At the
point of death; unarmed, afraid to fight
unsound, vitiated, depraved in body, mind

(

or principles ; sick ; unable to rise ; — huruz,
The herb alkali.

A tJ/s. harf (v.n.), Changing, altering, in-
verting; extremity, side, edge, margin,
border; ridge, ledge, summit ; nib of a
reed pen ; a camel large, lean, and raw-
boned; a letter of the alphabet [harfi
dkhiri abjad, The letter £, deuoting 1000,
hence the nightingale (the bird of a thou-
sand songs) ; — harf-ba-karf, Letter by
letter ; — harfi 'illaf, A weak letter (\ ; <J) ;
— harfi mutaliarrak, A consonant marked
with a short vowel ; — harfi majhvl, The
sounds e and o ; — harfi maeruq, A letter
written though not pronounced ; — harfi
■ma'ruf, The sounds I and u (for the last
four Bee grammar) j — harfi waraq-gir, A
letter lengthened out to fill the line] ;
an indeclinable particle of speech [harfu
'Uistisnd, Particle of exception ; — harfu 'l-
ittidrdk, Adversative particle ; — harfu 7-
ittiftdh, Inchoative particle ; — harfu 'l-istif-
h&m (m'al), Particle of interrogation ; —
harfu 'Uisti'ndf (ibtidd'), Inchoative par-
ticle ; — harfu 'l-iftirdk, Particle of disjunc-
tion ; — harfu 'l-ijdb. Particle of affirmation
or assent; — harfu 't-ta' kid, Particle of in-
junction or emphasis ;— - harfu 't-tab'id, Par-
ticle of removal \— harfu 'i-iahziz, Particle
for exciting the attention ; — harfu 't-tahqlq,
Particle of affirmation ; — harfu 't-takhsis.
Particle of identity or specification ; —
harfu 't-tarajji, Optative particle ; — harfu 't-
tardid, Particle of disjunction; — harfu 't-
taakbih, Particle of similitude ; — harfu 't-
tathMk, Particle of doubt ; — harfu 't-ta'rlf
(rna'rifat), The definite article; — harfu 't-
ta'lll, Particle of cause or reason; — harfu 't
lafrlq, Particle of separation ;— harfu' t-tafzil.
Particle of comparison harfu 't-taqrib,
Particle of drawing nigh unto; — harfu 't-
tamannt, An optative particle; — harfu 't-
tamyiz, Particle of discrimination ; —
harfu 't-tanfie, Particle of breathing-time;
— harfu 't-tauMr, The indeterminate article ;
— harfu 'Utawaqqu', Particle of expecta-
tion ; — harfu 'l-jivd' , Particle of conse-
quence;— harfu 'I- hdl, Particle of the pre-
sent ; — harfu 'l-hasr, Particle of restriction ;
harfu 'l-khitab, Particle of address; —
harfu 'd-du'd, Particle of invocation ; —
harfu 'r-rad', Particle of reproach or indig-
nation ; — harfi nd'id, Expletive particle; —
harfu 'z-zajr. Particle of reprimand ; — harfi
tdkin, A quiescent consonant ; — harfu V
tabab, Causative particle ; — harfu 'eh-shart,
Conditional particle ; — harfi. sahih, A conso-
nant ; — frarfu 's-silat, Particle of conjunc-
tion ; — harfu 'i-tarh, Particle of method ; —
harfu 'l-'atf, Copulative particle harfu 'l-
gkdyai, Particle of extremity ; — harfu 'l-
mubhamat, Demonstrative particle ;— harfi,
mu'nawi, A postposition; — harfi ma'iya,
Particle of society; — harfu 'n-nidd, Voea-

416 )

tive particle ; — harfu 'n-nudbat, Particle of
lamentation ; — harfu 'n-nafy, Particle of
negation] ; a dialect of Arabia ; speech,
blame, reproach, objection [harfi db-ddr
(jauhar-ddr), A brilliant speech; — harf az
zabani hose sdkhtan, To father a Bpeeeh
upon ; — harfi ustuJchwdn-ddr (tah-ddr,
mayfiz - ddr), A well - founded, sensible
speech ; — harfi bdr-gir, A slip of the tongue ;
— harfi bi-rabt (parlshdn, pilch), Silly talk;
a contemptuous speech ; — harfi pd-darhawd.
Idle or futile talk; — harfi pahlu-ddr, A
disparaging hint thrown out in conversa-
tion ; — harfi taza, A neologism ; — harfi
chakushl, A heavy, uncouth speech ; — harfi,
Jchdlir-ranj (eumukht, guluglr), Offensive
speech ; — harfi khuehk (sard), Insipid talk ;

— harf dar qafd mdan, To slander one
behind his back ; — harf du4d shawad, A
speech becomes altered or perverted; the
deeds of a person do not agree with his
words; — h>arfi sabuk (sahil, ton), Silly
talk ; — harf mdan, To talk, converse, know
how to speak a language ; — harf kashidan,
To write; to expatiate in speech; — harfi
gulu-soz, A bitter speech ; — harfi muft eadan,
To talk nonsense ;— harfi nd-shinud, An
impertinent speech (not fit to be heard) ;
— harf hamun (for ha man) ast ki guftam,
My intention is as already stated (m.c.) ;

— harfe dar muqdbil na-ddrad, There is
nothing against it ; — bd man ki harf na-
ddrad, It has nothing to do with me; —
ba-harfi lease budan, To obey one, to fol-
low one's advice (m.c.) ; — ba-harfi man,
On my advice ; — ba-harfi man na-ml-
bdshad, He does not listen or attend to
my -words (m.c.) ;] — hiraf (pi. of hirfat),
Trades, crafts, trades; — hurf, Cresses;—
hurfi babill, Babylonian cresses.

a *uy. harf an, Literally ; — harf an harf an,
harfan 'an harf, Letter by letter, word for
word.

A uuU^ harf at (pi. of harf), Letters.
a Ua^ ijjs- harf-dshnd, Acquainted with
one's letters, just able to read.

a (^y^ t_*j& harf-dfirin, The creator of
speech.

a )\aM t-*y harf-anddz, Cunning, artful.
a <-if* harf-anddz't, Cunning, arti-

fice.

a hirfat, hirfa, A trade, craft, art,
business, profession; skill, ingenuity ; cun-
ning ; a corporation, company, or body of
artificers, a guild ; [ahli hirfa, An artisan,
trader, craftsman ; — nishdni hirfa, A trade-
mark;] — hirfat, hurfat, Misfortune, ill-luck.

a ut-i^ hirfat-bdz, Crafty, cunning, in-
triguing ; a sorcerer.

a hirfat-bdzi, Witchcraft.

a harf-chm, An adversary, an

opponent ; a caviller.

a >-if* harf-zan, Talkative.
a (jUij<=. karfqdn, Eatsbane.

t->JO ( i

a <-Jjb. harf-kash, A scribe ; a prosy
talker.

as ^ <-ij*. Aarf.gir, Censurer, caviller,
critic.

* iST^^f- harf-glrl, Cavil; criticism.

a iarfl, Relating to, possessing the
nature or property of a particle.

a harflyat, The quality of particle.

a J/>- harq (v.n.), Burning ; grinding the
teeth (in a rage) ; rubbing one against
another ; the pollen by which the female
palm-tree is impregnated; — harak (v.n.),
Having a burnt appearance from too much
beating of the fuller (cloth) ; fire, flame ;
— hariq, A man whose hands and feet are
cracked ; (a cloud) sending out vivid light-
ning.

a iZf- hurqat, hirqat, Ardour, heat, burn-
ing ; — hirqatu 'l-baul, Blennorrhea.

a hark (v.n.), Moving ; — harik,
Nimble, quick ; ingenious, industrious.

a harakdt (pi, of the following), Mo-
tions, movements, actions, proceedings; the
vowel-points; — harakdt u sakanat, Move-
ment and rest in alternation, gestures, pos-
tures ; proceedings ; vowels and conso-
nants.

<^r* haraJcat (v.n. of ^f-), Moving; mo-
tion, movement, act, action, conduct, be-
haviour, procedure ; misbehaviour, impro-
priety of conduct ; fornication, adultery ;
agitation ; disturbance ; prevention ; loss,
damage ; a short vowel ; — harakaii irddT,
Voluntary movement ; — harakaii imbiedtl'i
qdlb, Diastole, dilatation of the heart; —
harakati inqibdzl'i qalb, Systole, contraction
of the heart; — harakati paeandida kardan,
To act well ; — harakati dudl'i ma'da, Peri-
staltic motion; — harakaii daurl, Circular
motion ; — harakati rozana, Diurnal motion
(of the planets) ; — harakaii galdna, Annual
motion ; — harakati qhairi irtidi, Involuntary
movement ; — harakat kardan (farmudan),
To move, proceed, behave ; to commit an
improper action ; — dar harakat dmadan, To
become moved ; to move away.

a harakati, Interrupting, obstruc-
tive ; an interrupter.

a />)=■ haram (v.n.), Being forbidden, un-
lawful ; sacred ; the territory and temple
of Mecca ; the precincts of.Medinah; the
temple of Jerusalem ; a sanctuary ; the
women's apartments, seraglio, harem; a
wife ; a daughter, a ward ; — harami humd-
yun, The seraglio of a monarch.

a haramdn, The two sacred cities

of Mecca and Mad in ah ; — hirnwn (v.n. of
Prohibiting, making unlawful ; de-
priving of hope ; repulse, disappointment,
mortification; — ghabn u hirmdn kardan, To
deceive and disappoint.

a &*f± hinnat (v.n. of |»j»-), Depriving of
hope, disappointing; — hirmat, haramat,
Desire of copulation ( in cloven-footed

beasts) ; — hurmat, Reverence, respect, ve-
neration ; dignity commanding respect ;
honour, reputation ; character ; chastity; —
hurmat ddshtan, To be reverenced ; to stand
in high repute.

a ^ <A~»y>. harmat-baha, Damages for de-
famation or libel.

a u\a. (ij*. hardm-h&dna, "Women's apart-
ments.

a y!*> py*. Airm-d&n, A chest, portmanteau.

a \j~ haram-tara, t\S f,\f har&m-gdh,
Women s apartments.

a harmal, Seed of wild rue.

a (j*"/* - haramain, Mecca and Madina.

a Qf- ham (v.n.), Asking a fair, just
price ; dividing (cotton) ; — haran (v.n.),
Restiveness.

A Sr>j/>- hurub (pi. of harb), Battles,
wars.

a hurud (v.n. of Jy), Living alone ;
being far.

A jjj*- harur, A warm nocturnal wind ;
solar heat; fire; lasting heat; — hurur,
Heat, warmth.

A t-Ji^a- huruf (pi. of harf), Letters ; cha-
racters ; particles ; — hurufu 'l-iatiqbdl, Fu-
ture particles ; — hurufu 'l-aaliyat, Sibilant
letters ; — hurufu 'l-aftiyat, Radical letters ;
— hurufu 'l-izdfat, Particles of annexion ; —
hurufu 't-tasdiq, Particles of affirmation ; —
hurufu 't-taz'if, Letters of reduplication; —
hurufu 't-tambih, Particles for awakening
the attention ; — hurufu 'l-jarr, Particles of
the genitive ; — hurufi chashma-ddr, Letters
with final curve; — jhvrufu 'l-halqiyat, Gut-
tural letters ; — hurufu 'z-tawd'id, Servile or
redundant letters ; — hurufu ' sh-ahajrlyat,
Palatal letters ; — hurufu 'shshafahiyat,
Labial letters ; — hurufu 'f-sahib, Sound
letters ; — hurufu 'l-'illat, Infirm letters ; —
hurufu 'l-'ilal, Accidental letters ; — hurufi.
qdlibl, Words of another quoted without
understanding their meaning ; — hurufu 'l-
tiswiyat, Gingival letters ; — hurufu 'l-lisdni-
yat. Lingual letters ; — hurufu 'l-lahwiyat,
Letters pronounced from the uvula; — huriifu
'l-lainiyat, Soft letters ; — hurufu 'l-madd,
Letters of prolongation ; — hurufu 'l-mas-
dar, Particles serving for the infinitive ; —
hurufu 'l-mu2dra'at, Letters forming the
aorist ; — hurufu 'l-mu'jam, The alphabet
arranged in order contrary to the abjad ; —
hurufi ma'nd, Particles which influence the
sense ; — hurufu 'J-mttgjfa'a^Detachedletters,
such as occur in certain chapters of the
Kur'iin ;- hurufi munfasil, Detached letters
given to pupils for reading exercise ; —
hurufu 'l-mauqufat, Quiescent letters; —
hurufi muhandati, The numbers 1 to 9 ; —
huriifu 'l-hijd (tahajji), The letters of the
alphabet.

a oV*" hurufi, A relator of traditions, a
traditionist.

a tyf haritn, Refractory, restive (horse);

( 4L8 )

game which does not come down from the
summit of a mountain ; — hurun (v.n. of
Vf~)> Being stubborn, restive, refractory (a
horse).

a ^))°- Martini, Refractoriness, stubborn-
ness.

tf- hira, Nightshade.

a tf- hurra, A free woman.

a fjsf- hart, Worthy, fit,

a hf» hurrtyat (v.n. of y), Freedom,
liberty, frankness.

a ■Hjo. hand, Solitary, single; living
alone, at a distance from a friend ; fish cut
in slices.

a harir, Silk; dressed silk, silken
cloth, a silken garment; warm, choleric;
flour mixed with milk and. oil (see *;*/*).

a jtf- harlr-sina, Soft, tender-

hearted.

a harira, One silken garment ; a kind
of pap made from milk or fat and flour ;
— harira'i drd, Paste ; — harira'i gib, Apple
marmalade ; — harira'i nishdstci, Starch
jelly.

a ^jtf. karlrt, A silk-merchant ; silken;
hariri kaahaz (or simply hdrirv), A thin
kind of paper.

a y.f hariz, Guarded, strongly fortified.

A harish, A rhinoceros ; a scolo-

pendra, milliped, earwig; a tribe of the
Banu 'Amir.

a j*tf- harts, Cwretous, greedy ; an imi-
tator of others.

a harisi, Gtaftdiness.

a «-Atje- harif, A fed low-worker, an asso-
ciate, partner, matej a mess-mate, compa-
nion ; a rival, oppoltent, adversary in a law-
suit or in a match ; an enemy ; clever, cun-
ning; pleasant, facetious; impudent, auda-
cious ; — harifi badi, A bad fellow, a Bcamp
(m.c).

« ^s^il harif-afyani, The overthrow-
ing of adversaries.

a harifi, Rivalship, opposition, en-
mity, strafagem, fraud.

a (3iy>- hariq, Flame, fire ; burnt, fired; —
'azdbi hariq, The torments of hell.

a usijjo- harik, Who totters in walking
from weakness in the waist or hips ; impo-
tent.

a harim, Sacred, inviolable, unlawful
to touch ; a Banetuary ; a sacred place, the
Bacred enclosure at Mecca ; women's apart-
ments ; surroundings and belongings (as
of a house, Ac.) ; a right, privilege ; the
course garb of a pilgrim ; a quarter in Bag-
dad ; a village in Yainama.

a jttf. harim-khana, A woman's

apartment.

Ay hazts (v.n), Cutting, making an in-
cision, notching; excelling, exceeding (in
nobility and generosity) ; time, season ;
severe in language.

a \y- hatti, haul' (hwza), Wild anise.

«.)!)** huzaz, Dry scab, ringworm.

a fyf- hazazat, Indisposition of mind
from anger.

a p\y* hizam, A belt, girth, surcingle ;
swaddling bands,

a l—\y>. hazdmat (v.n. of (•>-), Being pro-
vident, firm in mind, intent on a busi-
ness.

a huzanat, The commencement of
the invasion of Persia by the Arabs and
of their laying claim to the houseB and
fields.

a hisib, A troop, crew, gang 1 ; asso-
ciates, auxiliaries, confederates ; arms,
armour ; a part (particularly a sixtieth of
the Kur'an) ; — hizbi mushrihiu, Crowds,
bodies, gangs of infidels.

a *)c- huzmt, An oblong slice of meat,
a Jy- haeq (v.n.), Fastening with a rope ;
pulling tight (a cord) ; compressing,
squeezing; — hizq, A multitude, a flock, a
swarm.

A J*)»- hizqil, hizqil, The prophet

Ezekiel.

a ksi)=- hazic (v.n.), Girding (with a rope) ;
pressing, squeezing ; twisting hard.

a ftf* hazm, (v.n.), Binding, fastening (a
load) ; girthing (a beast) ; adjusting ;
being provident, vigilant, steady; a firm
resolve ; strength of mind or judgment ; —
hazam (v.n.), Oppression of the heart ; —
huzam (pi. of the following), Bundles, arm-
fuls.

A ^y- huzmat, An armful (of wood, <fec);
a bundle, a truss.

a huzn (v.n.), Grieving, making sad;
being sad ; — huzn, hazan, Grief, sadness,
affliction, sorrow ; — 'dmu 'l-huzn, The year
of grief, i.e. of Muhammad's death, or that
in which Rhadija or Abu Talib died ; —
hazin, Sad,

A huzand' (pi. of hazin), Sad,

grieved.

A J^H* hazambal, hazar\ibul, A root grow-
ing in Syria and round Jerusalem used as
a remedy against the bite of scorpions or
snakes.

a b*f~ huzwa, Name of a place.
a <J*j>:f~ hazirdn, The Syriac month of
June.

a hazin, Sad, afflicted, melancholy,
grieved, doleful ; plaintive.

a u-o. Aass (v.n), Nipping plants, killing
locusts (cold) ; currying (a horse) ; broil-
ing (meat) on the coals ; laying (fire upon
dough) ; eradicating ; cunning, shrewdness,
skilful management; — Mat (v.n.), Perceiv-
ing, comprehending, receiving certain in-
telligence ; a low murmuring sound ; pains
following the birth ; motion ; a nipping
cold ; sense, feeling ; sensibility, sympathy ;
imagination; sentiment; — hisai bdlin. Inter-
nal sense; — histi zdhir, External sense; —
hissi muthtarik. Common sense ; the smso-

L*» ( 419 )

rium ; — hissi namli, Formication, pins and
needles.

A hasd, Soup, broth, pottage.

A sjL-b- hisab (v.n. of s— Beckoning;
computation, calculation ; number ; proper
number, sufficiency ; arithmetic ; account,
bill ; rate, price, charge ; measure ; propor-
tion ; rule, standard; estimation, judg-
ment ; condition, category ; business, trade,
traffic ; — hisab az khpud dashtan, To boast,
to be vainglorious ; — hisab az kase burdan
(bar-giriftan dashtan), To fear, be afraid of ;
to take an example from ; — hisab bar-
andakktan, To take counsel together, to
deliberate ; to judge soundly ; — hisab pdk
(rushan tar ba-gar) kardan, To adjust on
account; — hisab pale mi-gardad, The ac-
count is settled or cleared ; — hisdbi jwmmal,
The reckoning by abjad ; — hisdbi rami, Geo-
mancy ; — hisab kardan, To keep accounts,
calculate ; — hisab kardan chize ba-ehixe, To
consider two things equal ; — hisab gvriftan,
To take into account, to make much of ; —
hisdbi mandsik, The ceremonies of the pil-
grimage according to the rite of Abraham ;
■ — amini hisab, Auditor of accounts ; — ba-
fyiBtib wwardan, To take into account ; to pay
attention to.

a hisdb-ddn. An arithmetician.

a »j y^U*. hisdb-dih, Accountable, answer-
able, responsible.

a hisdb-Mtdb, Accounts.

a i\S s^*— =- hisdb-gdh, A court of j ustice,
a tribunal.

o u*^y his&b-nawls, An accoun-

tant.

a (_5jL~>a- hisdbi, Accountable, accurate,
just; valuable, precious ; to be relied on;
all very well (m.c.).

a hussdd (pi. of hdsid), Envious,

haters.

a hassds, Endued with the five

senses; acute, shrewd ; an animal.

«£i£\— 1=- hasdkik, The small of anything.

a husdm, A sharp sword ; also its
edge ; — hu&dmi kkun-dsham, A blood-
drinking scimitar.

a £}U^ hisan (pi. of hasan or hasanat),
Good, excellent ; beautiful, elegant ; — hus-
sin, Very good, beautiful, elegant.

a hash (v.n.), Computing, calcula-
ting, counting ; considering, reflecting
upon ; a sufficiency ; enough ; quantity ;
agreeably to, in conformity with, accord-
ing to ; [hasbi ittifdq, By chance ; — hasbi
it.mvn.dn, To the eatisfaction of, in a satis-
factory manner ; — hasbu 'l-irskdd, hasbu '1-
amr, hasbu 'l-hukm, Agreeably to orders, aB
commanded ; — hasbi hdl, According to cir-
cumstances ; — hasbi dastur, According to
custom, as usual ; — hasbi dil-khwdh, Agree-
ably to one's desire ; — hasbi zail, As fol-
lows ; — hasbi sar-rishta, As provided or re-
gulated, as intended or purposed ; — hasbi

zdbita (qd'ida), According to rule or prac-
tice, duly, formally ; — hasbi qdnun, Accord-
ing to law, legally ; — hasbi qadrat (hasbu 'l-
qadrat), To the best of one's abilities ; —
hasbi murdd, According to wish ; — hasbi
ma'miil [hasbu 'Lma'mul), According to
custom ; — hasbi manshd. Agreeably to the
purport or intent of; in the sense of; —
hasbi mauqa' (wdqi', wdqi'a), According to
fact, according to circumstances, as the
case may require ; — ba-hasbi (bar hasbi),
According to ; — ba-hasbi irs, By way of in-
heritance (m.c); — ba-fyasbi a£dlib, Mostly ;]
— hasab, A number counted ; number, com-
putation ; amount, quantity, measure, pro-
portion, value; slate, condition; way, mode,
manner; pedigree, lineage, nobility ; — hasab
u nasab, Pedigree, lineage.

a pW«^ hueaba' (pi. of hasib), Esteemed,
valued ; conspicuous for worth, dignity, or
merit.

a hisbdn (v.n. of s- ~» ), Suppo-

sing, esteeming, thinking; thought, ima-
gination, supposition, notion ; — husbdn
(v.n. of s~-«>-), Calculation ; severe punish-
ment ; a short arrow ; — daftari husbdn, A
register.

a l _ 3 x~s- hissatl, A touch, a trifle (m.c).

a A_e- hasad (v.n.), Envying, wishing
ill ; envy, malevolence ; malice ; emulation ;
ambition ; — Uusad burdan (dashtan, kardan),
To envy.

a j— a- hasad'drd, Malevolent.

a Ju» hasad-pesha, Envious by na-
ture or habit.

a a. hasr (v.n.), Removing (a veil) ;
sweeping (a house) ; baring (a limb) ; peel-
ing (a branch) ; wearyiug, tiring, vexing.

a uulj—o- hasardt (pi. of the following),
Sighs.

a Sf-B- hasrat (v.n. of Sighing for

grief j grief, regret ; impatience, passion ;
strong desire, emulation, ambition ; envy ;
— hasrat khwurdan. To sigh for; — hasrat
dashtan, To sigh after, to regret (the ab-
sence of anyone), to wish anxiously to see
a person ; (also construed with ba-dar
rekhtan, birun rekhtan, burdan, firo thwur-
dan, kashidan).

a hasratd, Oh, the pity !

a ksjj^c hasraUdluda, Overwhelmed
with grief.

a a- hasrat-angez, Perplexing.

a sj) uuy— hasrat-zada, Woebegone, sad.

a <-A— hasf (v.n.), Cleaning (dates),
throwing away the bad ones ; — hasaf, Any-
thing cleaned with the hand (?).

a usU-a. hasak (for P. q.v.), A prickly
plant which clings to the wool of sheep ;
caltrops for keeping off cavalry, being made
in the shape of this prickly plant.

A J— hasl (v.n.), Driving violently ;
green fruit of the sidra tree ; — hisl, A young
Lybian lizard recently hatched.

( 420 )

A kaam (v.n.), Cutting; searing (a
limb or rein) to prevent it from bleeding ;
checking the progress of a disease ; for-
bidding, hindering, keeping back ; mark-
ing; — husum, Name of a place.

a husn (v.n.), Being comely, fair,
and handsome ; beauty, goodness, elegance;
pleasingness [in this sense applied to
pleasing colours, as husni birishta (tah-
birishta), Green upon a pink ground-work;
— husni shusta, An exceedingly bright
colour; — husni thakari (sandali-rang, mah-
tdbl), White inclining to yellow ; — husni
farang, White, as the complexion of Eu-
ropeans ; — husni gulndri, A rich crimson ;
— husni qundam-gun (gundamin, gundamin-
rany), Red inclining to black ; — husni llmu,
Yellow inclining to red ; — husni nlm-rang,
Yellowish white (similar to husni sandall-
rang)] ; [husni abddli. Wit, pleasantry ;
good nature; — husni ittifdq, A lucky chance,
a favourable opportunity; — husni ikhiiydr
(irddat), Free-will husni dddb (akhjdq),
Good manners ; affability, courtesy, polite-
ness ;-~husni intizdm. Good management or
administration ; good discipline ; — husni
insirdm, A favourable or happy termina-
tion ; — husni bi-nazir, Incomparable beauty ;
— husni tadbir, Good management, prudence ;
— husni tunuk, Slight beautj ; — husni
hhudd-ddd, God-given, i.e. natural beauty ;
— frusni hhitab, Eloquence ; — husni khulq,
A good disposition ; — husni ray, Prudent
counsel; — husni sdkhta, Artificial or made-
up beauty ;~husni suluk, Upright conduct ;
- — husni gann, A good opinion, favourable
judgment ; — husni 'driyaii, Borrowed
beauty, i.e. such as is supplied by paint or
ornament ; — husni 'driyati bar rukhi qamar,
The brightness of the moon borrowed from
the sun ; — husni 'aqidat, Loyalty, fidelity ;
— husni 'ahd, Good faith ; — (qartni) husni
qabul, Agreeable, acceptable ; — husni mu'd-
mala, Good correspondence ; — husni yusuf,
A sponge ;] — hasan, Anything good and
fair; beautiful, comely, pleasing; fre-
quently used as proper name, as in the case
of the son of Ali;— hasan maimundi, Name
of the wazir of Mahmud Sabaktagin.

A. L^>U — s>. hasandt (pi. of hasanat), Beauti-
ful, good; good actions, benefits; public
foundations ; — hasandt Jeardan, To perform
good works, build mosques, colleges, inns,
hospitals.

a, \S\ hasan-add, Just pronunciation
or expression ; who pronounces or performs
well.

a \j\ husn-drd, What adorns beauty.

a f>W-\ tf~=- hasan anjdm, What termi-
nates in good.

<j«>y\ (J.-*, husn-beg-urdi, The blue
corn-flower (Cyanus segetum).

a tu~i> hasanat, A good work, benefit ;
goodness, kindness.

yt&. y-^. husn-Jchet, A nursery of beauty
(applied to the countries of Turkistan).

hasan4aba (labba), Benzoin ;
gum-benjamiu.

a husnd (fern, of ahsan), More or

most beautiful, excellent; fairer, fairest,
better, best ; Paradise.

a j—o- hasti, Pap, gruel, hasty pudding ;
broth.

a Jj-a- hasud, Envious, spiteful, malig-
nant ; — husud (v.n.), Envying.

a ts*>j— =- hasudi, Envy (m.c).

a jj— husur (v.n.), Becoming dim from
gazing a long while (the sight) ; being in-
disposed, pained, tired, fatigued ; being dis-
covered, revealed, disclosed.

A |«j~o. husum, Continual ill-luck.

a hiesl, Belonging to the senses;

sensual ; sensible.

a s haslb (abbreviation of s- d "" >
*a!yUN hasibu 'l-muluk), Koast meat; —
hastbi bui-ghdla, A gut-pudding of rice
and minced meat; — hiseb (by Imalah for
hisdb), An account.

a i ! ' m . 1 ^ haeib, A revenger or resenter of
an injury; a reckoner (a name of God).

a ix. 1 t~ "~r . hasibak, Sheeps' chitterlings
soaked in sour milk.

a =- hasw, Tired ; grieved, sorrowful.

A (j-i — hasis, = hassds, q.v.

a haain, Beautiful, elegant.;—

husain (dim. of hasan), Beautiful; name
of the martyrized son of the Caliph Ali.

a ty--*- husaini, Relating to Husain;
any vessel made of leather ; name of a
note in music ; name of a spring at Taft
in Yazd.

hashsh (v.n.), Lighting (a fire) ; be-
coming dry (a young palm-shoot) ; drying
up in the womb (a foetus) ; withering (the
hand) ; cutting or mowing (hay) ; feeding
with hay or dry grass ; a dwarf palm-tree
neither watered nor tended; — hashth,
hishsh, hushsh, A place of convenience out-
side a town ;— hushsh, A foetus drying up
in the womb ; the breast, nipple.

a tie. hasha', Bowels, viscera, intestines,
a jhU^ hushdsh, 4A>^Ae- hushdsha, The
remains of life ; the last breathings (of the
dying).

a^a*. hashr (v.n.), Assembling, meeting,
congregation, concourse ; the resurrection ;
commotion, tumult, confused noise; wail-
ing, lamentation ; delicately formed ; a
light feather put on an arrow; — yaumu'l-
hashr, The day of resurrection.

■a hashar, A congregation, concourse
(see the preceding) ; light troops for scout-
ing service.

a uu>\j£*. hashar at (pi. of the following),
Creeping things, reptiles, animalculsB, little
beasts ; a fearful or dangerous crowd ;
hubbub, hum, din (as of a crowd) ; —
hashardtu H-arz, Reptiles of the earth.

ytu* ( 421 ) J-ac

A ly**>- hasharat, A reptile, a stinging or
biting insect.

a fV" hashr-khirdm, Making a stir,
exciting a commotion by the eleg-ince of
her gait (a woman).

a »tf ji-o- hashr-gdh, The place of resur-
rection.

a fj^)*** hashar-gdy, A woman of many
lovers.

a. (jj-*-* hashri, Ghastly, fearful ; violent
and impetuous (a stallion) ; — hashari, A
soldier of the militia, a soldier lightly
equipped.

a Ull*. hash/ (v.n.), Bearing fruit (of a
date-tree) ; dry bread ; — hashaf, A bad sort
of date ; a dried-up udder.

a Ih . i . n hashafat, Glans penis.

jAjti* hashflful, The wild carrot (see

a ueU-. haehk (v.n.), Being full of milk
(an udder); being loaded' with fruit (a
palm-tree) ; assembling, coming together
(people).

a J-s-». hashl (v.n.), Despising, discard-
ing ; whatever is vile and worthless of any-
thing.

a frit, kathwi (v.n.), Using offensive lan-
guage in the hearing of another, firing him
with rage ; putting to the blush ; — hasham
(v.n.), Being angry, enraged ; train, equip-
age, suite ; family, relations ; domestics ;
tented tribes.

a a * A " haehamat, Servants, attendants,
clients, retainers, persons ready to avenge
a quarrel ; pomp, equipage, magnificence ;
— hiehmat, Shame, bashfulness ; anger ;
frowning ; — hushmat, A woman ; relation-
ship, affinity.

i.yU.kashw (v.n.), Quilting, stuffing (a
pillow, cushion, or bed) ; also whatever they
are stuffed with ; padding; trash, rubbish,
refuse ; people of the meanest condition ;
small camels.

« Gj'W**') hashw-minhd (minhd'i),

Subtraction, deduction; the quantity de-
ducted; rent-free.

a urt-i** hashish, Dry herbage, hay, or
grass ; the powder of the leaves of hemp,
from which they prepare an inebriating
electuary ; — haskishu 'l-adwiya, hashinhu 't-
f.ihal, Spleenwort (specific against calculus
and gravel); — hashlshu 'l-baras, Bucks-
horn plantain (considered a specific against
leprosy).

a >-A-t». hashif, Old, worn-out clothes.

a i/as- hass (v.n.), Shaving the head; rub-
bing off the hair (a helmet) ;—huss, Saf-
fron ; the plant y^y q.v.

a SL». hasdt, Stone in the bladder ; —
hasati kunya, Renal gravel.

a hasad, hisdd, Reaping ; harvest ;
— (Jar waqti hasad, In time of harvest.

a hassdd, A reaper ; — hussdd fpl. of
hatid). Reapers.

a ;ta». hisdr (v.n. 3 of /»-), Besieging ;
encompassing ; a fortified town, a fort,
castle ; a fence, enclosure ; name of a musi-
cal tone ; name of a place ; — hisdri ustuwdr,
A strong fortification ; — hisdri dhanin-
dlwdr, A castle having walls like iron ; —
hisdri bavin, The highest heaven; — hisdri
piildd, A fort hard to take ; a thimble ; a
chafiug-disb ; the lower heaven ; — hisdri
plroza (mu'allaq), The sky ; — hisdri tarleash,
A quiver; name of a fortress in the island
of Maliikha; — hisdri shddmdn, Name of a
town near Kandahar ; — hisdr kardan, To
lay siege to; — hisdri hazdr mekJlh Heaven;
the zodiac; the eighth heaven, that of the
fixed stars.

,j;jL». hisdri, A soldier in garrison ; be-
sieged ; siege, blockade ; belonging to the
towu of Hisar, (a horse) brought from
that place ; name of a note in music ;
strongly fortified.

a <y^>j=- hasdn, A chaste woman, a matron ;
— hisdn, A beautiful, strong, entire horse.

a i»Uo. fyasdnat (v.n. of y**-), Being
strong and impregnable; being chaste (a
woman), keeping close at home; firmness,
stability, durability ; steadiness ; chastity,

A elf-so. hasbd', Gravel, pebbles.

a hasbai, hasba, Measles ; spotted
fever ; — hasba'i 'dmm, Purpura (disease).

a iU=* hissat, A lot, portion, share, part ;
division.

a hashasat (v.u. of (jA*,***.), Walk-

ing fast; appearing, becoming manifest
(truth from falsehood) ; moving one thing
against another so as to fit ; fixing the
knee firmly on the ground when about to
rise (a loaded camel).

A Jwa=. hasd (v.n.), Reaping ; — hasad
(v.n.), Being twisted tight (a rope) ; being
closely woven (a coat of mail) ; corn cut
down ; a dried plant.

a ixtB. hasadat, hasada (pi, of hdsid),
Reapers.

A yae* hasr (v.n.), Closely besieging,
blockading, straitening ; restricting ; re-
striction ; limit ; siege, blockade ; reckon-
ing, counting; number; dependence, re-
liance ; [hasr kardan, To surround, be-
siege ;] — hasar (v.n.), Being avaricious;
being narrow-minded ; faltering, stammer-
ing, hesitating (when reading) ; — husur (pi.
of hastr), Mats.

a fty^ hisrim, Sour and green grapes or
other fruit ; a date which has not yet
fallen ; close, covetous ; cross ; ill-natured.

a u&oi- hisas (pi. of hissat), Lots, shares,
portions.

a i-i^ hasf (v.n.), Removing far off,
placing at a distance ; — hasaf (v.n.), Having
the dry scab ; ringworm, dry scab.

a J-«=- hasl, hasal, Unformed, immature
dates ; darnel and whatever is driven
away by the winnowing fan.

(

A hasm, To break ; to break wind.
A bU->». hasmd', A she-ass that farts
often.

a hasn, hisn, husn (v.n.), Beiug

cha*te (a -woman) ; female chastity ; — hisn,
A castle, fortification, fort; custody ; arms,
armour ; perdition, destruction ; name of
many places ; [hisn bastan, To fortify ; —
hisni hasin, An impregnable fortress ; —
hisni firota, The sky ; name of a city and
fort; — hisni mu'allaq, The sky; — hisni
hazdr mek]kh The eighth sphere ; — aZ>«
'Uhitn (father of the fortress), A fox ;]—
husn, Chastity, modesty ; — husun (pi. of
hasdn), Chaste (women) ; (pi. of hisdn)
stallions.

A hasur, Close, avaricious ; a camel
the orifices of whose teats are narrow ;
abstaining from all commerce with women.

a Jj-f husill (v.n. of J"**), Remain-
ing over ; getting ; acquisition, attain-
ment; produce; profit, gain; — husiili ma-
rdm. The obtaining of one's wish.

yjA jii^ husvX-pazlr sliudan, To

appear.

a hissa (see A. Part, share, lot,
Ac. ; — hissa'i ausat, Average share ; —
hissa'i hakimi. The share of produce to
which the kiDg or ruler is entitled ; — Aissct'i
iidh>a, Grown dues ; — hissa'i ihurd, The
lesser part or portion ; — hissa'i halan, The
greater part ; — hissa'i musdwl, An equal
Bhare ; — hissa'i mu'dyan, A fixed or speci-
fied portion or share ; — hissa'i waslyai, A
legacy, bequest.

a hissa-bakhsh, Distributor of

lots.

a i«. hissah-ddr, A participator, par-
taker, sharer; — hissa-dar kardin, To im-
part, communicate, distribute.

a (4>t»> hissa- ddri, A title to a
share.

a x*j A**- hissah-rasad, An equal share.

a *-*>- hissa-mahsiil, Portion or

proportion of tax.

a jif hissa-gir, One who takeB his
share.

hasir, A mat ; a case for a musical
instrument; narrow-minded; close, avari-
cious.

a hasif, Firmly-woven (garment) ;

firm, sound in judgment.

A hasin, Fortified, guarded ; strong;

impregnable, inaccessible ; — husain, A little
fortress ; — abu 'l-husain, The fox.

A hazz, huzz (v.n.), Instigating, ex-
citing.

A/t-U»- hazdjir, A hyena ; (pi. of hizajr)
large-bellied.

A bazar, Name of a star; — hazdr,
hizdr, Excellent camels, white or red ; —
hizdr (v.n, 3 of ^), Appearing against
another; pleading against, or arraigning
one (before a judge) ; — huzdr, A disease

422 ) yoo-

j incident to camels; — huzzdr (pi. of hdzir),
| Those present ; spectators, auditors, assist-
ants.

a yU=. hizdn (v.n.), Having one teat
longer than the other (a ewe, camel, or
woman) .

a hizdnat (v.n. of Fondling
in the bosom, embracing, caressing; sitting
on egga ; educating, bringing up.

i ^~a«- hazb (v.n.), Raising a fire and
throwing fuel upon it; a serpent; — hazab,
Fue] \~-hizb, The foot or side of a moun-
tain ; — hizb, huzb, The twang of a bow.
a hizajr, Large- bellied.
a hazar, Town residence, a settled
abode, home; presence; remaining in a
place (opp. to travel) ; — dar hazar-ash, In
his presence.

a vtAj^- bazdrdt, Presences ; majesties ;
sirs, gentlemen (m.c).

kazrat, Presence; dignity; ma-
jesty ; dominion, power; an epithet often
joined with the names of the Deity ; also
a title by which kings and great men are
addressed, similar to majesty, bighnesa,
lordship, worship, &c. ; a royal court; a
town residence ; a settled abode ; [hazratu
'lldh, The Lord God ; — hazrati pddshdh,
His majesty ; — hazrati tang-bar (khudd'i
U zawdi), God Almighty, God without end ;
— hazrati 'isd, The Lord Jesus ; — hazrati
maryam, The Virgin Mary;] — hazarat.
Presence; those present (pi. of hdzir).

a ti>y*j-is* hazramaut, Name of a pro-
vince, tribe, and city in Arabia. (Gen. x.
26.)

a (j^j-A"- hazrami, A native of Hazramaut
in Taman.

a ts^*=- hazari, Belonging to a town ; a
townsman ; city-bred.

a (jA-Se^ huzuz, hazaz, A certain plant ; —
huzuzi hindi, Extract of the Berberis Lycium.

a ifJe- hazn (v.n.), Fondling (an infant)
in the arms ; sitting (on eggs) ; — hizn, A
side ; the breast, the body from the arm-
pits to the short ribs ; the den of a hyena j
— hazan, Ivory ; name of a mountain in
Najd ; name of a tribe.

a jr&c huzur (v.n. of j-a=-), Being present;
presence, appearance ; attendance ; court,
government; rest, quiet, ease; (adverbially)
in presence of (used respectfully, as
huzuri shaikh, In presence of the Shaikh,
in.c.) ; — huzuri bdla (wdld), The exalted
presence ; — ba huzur dmadan, To be received
in audience (m.c).

a J^" jfte* huziir-tahsil, The collection
of revenue by the chief fiscal officer of the
government without the intervention of a
third person.

a ^yio. huzur-shdn, A state or place
of security.

a s~lk huzilr-talab, Being called to

the presence, summoning attendance.

(

a Jl»* j^^o- kuzur-mahaX, Estates paying
revenue direct to the government,

a u*sty huzur-nawis, A. secretary at
court who keeps copies of all firmiins,
orders, and letters.

* (Jjy*"- huzun, An attendant ; privilege
of paying the revenues direct to govern-
ment; presence.

A Ifi** hazlrat, A small body of soldiers
from four to nine (employed in excur-
sions) ; the van of an army ; water and
matter which accompany the birth ; a
store-room for dates.

a (jA-^ hazlz, The lower extremity of
anything ; the foot of a mountain ; (in as-
tronomy) the lower apsis in an eccentric
orbit, Nadir (opposed to auj) ; — hazizi
qa'ri zamin, The centre of the earth.

a. W hatt (v.n.), Descending from an
eminence; putting or laying down, depo-
siting ; removing a burden ; polishing lea-
ther and drawing figures thereon with the
instrument called mihatt ; abatement of
price ; — hatt hardan, To throw down, de-
pose, depress, precipitate ; to beat down a
price.

A "Usp. hat,a' (v.n.), Striking (especially on
the hack with the open hand) ; throwing
prostrate ; breaking wind; casting up scum
(a boiling pot); lying with (a, woman).

A pUao. hutdm, Anything dry, brittle, and
reduced to bits ; rubbish, trash ; — hutdmu
'd-dunyd, Worldly consideration ; cove-
tousness.

a s-J=- hath (v.n.), Collecting wood ;
fetching wood for another ; — hatab, Fire-
wood ; — hatib, Very lean, thin, and lank
(like a stick).

a hittat, Remission of sins, taxes, or
burdens ; a prayer for a remission (of
sins) ; the month of Ramazan.

AjU. hatr (v.n.), Lying with; stringing
(a bow) ; to throw to the ground.

A JW. hitl, A wolf.

a hatm (v.n.), Breaking (anything
dry) ; being broken (a horse) through age.

a hat mat, hut-mat, A barren year j

— hitrnat, Anything broken ; — hutamat, hu-
tama (vulg. katma), Intense fire; the first
or (according to others) the fourth stage
of hell ; a troop of robust camels ; aged
(camel or sheep) ; a glutton ; name of a
man.

a ftjoo. hatim, The wall surrounding the
temple at Mecca on the west ; last year's
herbage.

a hittln, hitin, Name of a place in
Syria, the burial-place of Shu'aib (Jethro).

a iijk.. kutai'at, Short of stature, con-
temptible ; name of a celebrated poet.

a U. hazz (v.n.), Being blessed with
prosperity, enjoying abundance, favours,
or privileges ; good fortune, happiness ;
pleasure, delight; flavour, taste; a part,

423 )

portion, chance, lot ; — fyazzi fdnl, The
fading pleasures (of the world) ; — hazz,
hardan, To enjoy ; — hazzi nafadni, Sensual
pleasures.

a s-^ hazab (v.n.), Being fat ; being
full;— hazib. Short and big- bellied.

hazr (v.n.), Prohibiting, interdic-
ting, secluding ; harshness, rudeness ; col-
lecting, bringing together.

a Jka. hazl (v.n.), Restraining, hinder-
ing in the use of liberty, in moving or
walking ; — hazil. Jealous ; exacting to-
wards one's people.

A wfia- hvzicb, Being fat ; being full.

a kjW huzitz (pi. of hazz), Good fortunes ;
successes; pleasures; portions.

A ipk*- kazirat, A hovel constructed of
boughs to protect camels from the cold ; a
fence, enclosure; a place for drying dates
in.

a M==* haziz. Favoured by fortune, happy.

a i_4=- haff (v.n.), Going, turning or car-
rying routnJ, surrounding; serving, giving
attendance, exercise, kindness ; being at-
tached to, bound up with ; dressing the
hair and beard ; smoothing the face by pull-
ing out haiis ; being dry (the hair for want
of oil) ; the noise made by a bird's wing
in flying.

a hifdz (v.n. 3 of U^), Persevering
in; repelling, warding off; shame, nice
sense of honour,

a itlio- hifdzat, Custody, care ; guardian-
ship ; security, safety; memory; — hifdzati
k&wud (zdti, na/si), Self-defence,

a <-J'ut. hifdf, The side (of anything) ; a
vestige, track ; a fringe of hair round a
bald head.

a haffdn, (A vessel) filled to the
brim; the young of ostriches; a house-
hold, domestics.

a SjUa. fiafdwat, hafdwa, AjUt. hifdyat,
Inquiring minutely into another's condi-
tion ; receiving with kindness ; exulting,
rejoicing ; — hifdyat, Walking bare-foot.

a jj^ hafd (v.n.), Making haste (in any
work) ; serving with alacrity ; — hafad (pi.
of hafid), Servants, friends, domestics, re-
tinue, assistants.

a iJiA^ hqfadat, Companions ; attendants,
servants; children; sons-in-law; nephews;
daughters ; grandchildren ; progeny.

a j*** hafr (v.n.), Digging, cleaning out
(a well) ; hollowing out ; making lean ;
lying with ; losing the milk teeth (a
child); rottenness of teeth or gums;
[hafri bi'ri ikhtildl hardan, To dig a pit in
another's way, to injure him;] — hafar,
Earth thrown out of an excavation ; rot-
tenness of the teeth about the roots; yel-
lowness of the teeth.

i.i^hufrat, hufra, A ditch, pit, excavation ;
a grave; — hufratu 'l-halb, Canine fossa
(med.) ; — hufratu 'Uwirk, Cup-shaped cavity

(

of the hip-boue; — hufra'i dand&n, The
socket of a tooth,

a f hvfra-gar, A grave-digger.

a via- hafa (v.n.), Pushing, shoving for-
ward, driving up behind ; driving on (as
night does the day) ; piercing (with a
spear) ; lying with (a woman) ; — hafa*,
End, extremity, boundary, limit, term.

a (jida. hafsk (v.n.), Flowing or running
from all quarters ; running, going at full
speed (a horse) ; collecting, assembling ;
banishing, driving away ; flowing to one
reservoir (streams); — hifsh, A small house
or closet ; the case for a spindle ; worn-out
furniture or goods

a yoft=- hafs (v.n.), Collecting, gathering ;
throwing from the hand ; a leathern sack
with which they draw earth out of wells ;
a lion's whelp ; a name given to Omar by
Muhammad; — hafas, The si ne or kernel of
the medlar.

A y6*a- hafz (v.n.), Twisting, bending;
throwing away ; — hafaz, Household furni-
ture when prepared for remoral ; or a
camel carrying it.

a Iwu* hifz (v.n.), Preserving, guarding ;
care, guardianship, protection ; memory ; —
hifzu 'l-jfhaib, hifzi s&rat, Bemembrance of
(the face) of the absent; — hifzi sihhat,
Prophylaxis (med.) ; — hifz kardan, To pro-
tect (m.c.) ; — hifzi ma taqaddam, Attention
to what is before one, foresight, precaution ;
— kifai mardtib, Observance of etiquette,
attention to the rank of persons addressed.

a Ja*- hafl (v.n.), Being assembled (people);
collecting or flowing together (milk or
water); an assembly, synod, council, con-
gregation.

a yk* hafn (v.n.), Taking up with the
bauds (meal or sand) ; a small gift ; —
hafan (v.n.), Turning the feet in walking
so as to kick up the dust.

a &u=- hufnai, hafnat, A mouthful, hand-
ful; a ditch, pit, well.

a hufuf (v.n.), Being dry (a wo-

man's hair neglected) ; having withered ve-
getables (ground) ; shaving and trimming
(the head and moustachios); being entirely
lost (one's hearing).

a (jie- haft, Knowing, intelligent ; one
who inquire* carefully into other people's
affairs; benevolent, kind.

a j*iD- kafir, A grare, a tomb.

a It^Ao- hafiz, A guardian, keeper ; one of
the names of Q-od.

a i-A-A"- haflf (v.n. of <-*»-), Making a
noise (a horse) when travelling, (a bird)
when flying, (a tree) when shaken by the
wind ; (a serpent) when crawling forth
out of its slough.

A haqq, haq (v.n.), Acting justly, up-
rightly ; just, right ; correct, true ; justness,
truth ; reality, fact ; justice, rectitude, equity ;
law, reason; right, title, privilege, claim, due ;

424 ) J-

| lot, portion, proprietorship ; death (as the
common lot of all) ; duty, obligation ;
behalf, benefit, interest; the Truth, the true
God ; name of a bird said to suspend
itself by the claws by night and continu-
ally to cry haq haq ; — haqqi dehndi, The
rights of friendship ; — haqqu 's-ea'i, The
wages of labour, recompense for trouble; —
haqqu 'l-'abd, " The right of the slave," the
right, of an injured individual to redress or
justice ; — haqqu 'l-qadam, The reward of a
messenger; — haqqu 'l-lah, "The right of
God " ; punishment for religious offences ;
— haqqu 'n-nds, The rights of man, punish-
ment for crimes against society ; — haqqu
ndzirin, What is left after a banquet for
the servants and spectators haqqu 'n-
nafs, Right acquired, earnings, honoraria,
remunerations (m.c.) ; — haqqu 'l-wdqi'a, A
statement or record of facts ; — haqq bar
kandr guzdshtan, To neglect a duty ; — haqqi
tahi-ir, The due or fee of a letter-writer; —
haqqi tahsll, The right of collection ; the rate
or fee of the officer employed to collect
rents ; — haqqi tarbiyat, Gratitude for educa-
tion ; — haqqi tasnif, Copyright ; — haqq
ta'dld, God Almighty ; — haqqi tawaqqu',
The right of expecting (au office or employ-
ment, m.c.) ; — haqq jalla jaldln-hu, God in
all his glory ; — haqqi juwdr, Right of
pre-emption ; — haqqi chahdrum, A fourth
share; — haqqi Mn-hayat, A life-interest; —
haqqi khidmat, Reward of service, right
acquired by service ; --hiaqqi khizdna, A
duty of two per cent, claimed by the infe-
rior treasurer upon all moneys paid into
the royal treasury ; — haqq khwwrdan (dash-
tan), To have a share in, to partake ; — haqqi
ddkhil-ddri, Right of occupancy ; — haqq
dashtan, To have a right to ; to have a
share in ; to have one's rights ; to be
right (m.c.) ; — haqqi ri'dyd, Right of the
subject; tenant-right; — haqqi ri'di/a, Duty
o£ respect; — haqqizddagi, Birthright; — haqqi
zaminddri, Tlie rights and interests of land-
owners, proprietary right of a z&miudar ; —
haqqi »ar ba-rdh, The right of management ;
— haqqi sarkdr, The right of Government to
a share of crops or a money commutation ;
— haqqi ehufd, Right of pre-emption; — haqq
fardmaek kardan, To forget or neglect one's
duty ; — haqqi qd'im-maqdmi, The right of
beingpresented by another ; — haqqi qadd-
mat, The right of long-established or im-
memorial custom; a prescriptive right;—
haqq kardan, To give one a share, to make
to. participate ; — haqq guzdrdan, To perform
a duty, to discharge an obligation ; — haqqi
mdl, Right to property ; — haqqi mdl-?dmin,
Interest, usury; — haqqi mdlikdna, Proprie-
tary right; —haqqi murajja, Preferential
right ; — haqqi murawwaja, Customary due ;
— haqqi milkjyai, Right to property ; — haqqi
nd-lamidm, An imperfect title ; — haqqi

( 425 ) dftb

namak, Fidelity ; — haqqi warisi, Rights
of heirship ; reversion ; — haqqi wiza.rat,
The Waztr's fee ; — haqq u murafiq, Eights
and interests ; — al-haqq, It is true ; very
true ; — hi 'l-haqq, Of a. truth ; — batariqi haqq,
In equity ; for the love of God ; — dar haqq,
In regard to, in respect of, in right of.

a Us. ha-qqan. Really, truly ; — haqqd, haqa
(P. voc.), 0 God!

a hiqab, A girdle ornamented with
jewels (worn by ladies) ; name of a,
mountain.

a SjUb. haqdrai (v.n. of Despising;
being despicable ; scorn, contempt, affront,
disgrace ; — haqdrat kardan, To despise,
affront, disgrace.

a ^J^\ ^ haqq-dshina'i, Acknowledg-
ment of rights ; thankfulness.

a haqqam, True, pure, disin-

terested ; — mahabbati haqqanlya (or simply
haqqdniyat) , The love of God, perfect
charity.

ijfli*. haqa'iq (pi. of haqiqai), Truths; —
'ulumi haqd'iq, Theology.

a haqab (v.n.), Having his sheath
so squeezed by the hind girth as to be
unable to stale (a camel) -haqb,huqub, A
period of eighty years and upwards ; —
huqub, Time, season, age ; ornamented
girdles.

a M» hiqbai, A space of eighty years.
a j-jt (3" haq-barmr, A debt, claim, obli-
gation.

a l^t> t3*- haq-btn, Having a regard to
justice.

» )>M (3=" haq-pazir, Who approves of jus-
tice.

a v>~j> i3=> haq-parast, Devoted to truth ;
a, worshipper of God (a name which the
old Persians assumed to themselves).

a is^fi i3=- haq-parasti, Devotion to
truth.

a i3=- haq-pasand, Approving truth ;
just. _

a ia*. haqqat (v.n.), Being necessary ;
happening indubitably ; truth ; sure ; de-
scending, impending (judgment) ; — hiqqat,
A she-camel rising four years old ; — huq-
qat, A round box in which pearls, jewels,
or electuaries or pastils are kept ; a vase,
cup, bowl (see <U=>).

a / i3*- haq-tar. More worthy ; more le-
gitimate ; truer.

a <Jte ^ haq-talafi, Violation of a right ;
perversion of justice; wrong, injury.

a f>- haq-jo (ju), Truth-seeking.

a (jyis- i3=- haq-huquq, Rights and dues,
&c.

a J^e. (3^- haq-haldl, Lawful ; right, due.

A hiqd, haqad, haqd (v.n.), Wishing
ill, hating; — haqad (v.n.), Being withheld
(rain) ; yielding no ore (a mine) ; — hiqd,
Hatred, rancour; — arbdbi hiqd, The male-
volent.

a jIaJo. kaq-ddr, Rightful owner, pro-
prietor.

a ^sjlo i3=- haq-ddr?, The right of claim,
privilege or property ; ownership.

a UK haq-dar, Who tears truth to
pieces, who violates justice.

a haqr (v.n.), Despising, treating with
contempt.

a <3=- haq-rasl, Justice, redress, re-
lief; the ends of justice.

haqn (v.n.), Kicking, spurning with
her foot (a woman) .

a y»U^&- haq-shinas, Knowing and per-
forming one's duty ; rendering to everyone
his due ; able to appreciate ; grateful.

a lJ m\ iA l r. haq-shinasi, Gratitude ; — haq-
skindsi kardan, To appreciate.

a (3°- haq-tirds, Observing truth.

a i-Afc^ hiqf, Wavy heap of sand.

a hiqafat (pi. of the preceding),
Waving sand-hills.

a )}) i &~ haq-faroz, Who makes truth to
eh ine forth.

a )\iS h.aq-guzdr, Administering jus-
tice.

a (jj^ <3=- haq-guzdH, Discharge of obli-
gation, fulfilment of duty, acknowledg-
ment or requital of favours.

a <3=- liaq-guzin, Approving justice.

a ^fi^ haq-goy, Speaking truth ; the
essence of a thing ; name of a bird that
hangs by a tree and vociferates all night.

A. Jfc. fyiql (v.n.), Tilling, sowing (land) ;
rich arable land.

A j^fe- fiaqn (v.n.), Putting milk in a
bottle in order to make butter ; retaining,
confining ; keeping blood or urine from
being spilled; preserving from being
slain.

a, <3». U ,3=. haq nd-haq, Right or wrong ;
by fair means or foul; nolens volens ;
without cause or reason, unjustly, wrong-
fully.

a ^UaU ,3^ haq-ndshinds, Ungrateful.

a iia^ huqnat, A clyster; — huqna kardan,
To exhibit an enema; — hukna giriftan, To
take an injection.

a j\y i3=- haq-nawdz, Who cherishes
truth or justice.

a jKfij ^ haqq-niyoth, Hearing (and
hence knowing) what is right.

a yie. haqw (v.n.), Striking on the side,
waist, or hypochondria; a waist-band; the
waist, side, hypochondria ; a rugged place
overhanging a stream.

a if*- haqwat, The waist-band j the place
where the drawers are tied.

a haqud, Malevolent.

a JjSo- huquq (pi. of haqq), Rights, dues ;
just claims ; privileges, fees, duties ; laws,
statutes.

a huqqa (see &>*•), A round box for
holding jewels or drugs; a casket; a gal-
lipot ; the glass, metal, or earthen water-

( 426 )

vessels through, which the fumes
when smoking tobacco ; a hookah ; — huqqa'i
dtish, A kind of rocket used in war; —
htuqqa'i bi-maghz, A brainless, senselesB,
heartless man ; — huqqa'i sabz, The firma-
ment; — huqqa'i kdwue (kdlm), Name of a
note in music ; — huqqa'i mind, The sky ; —
huqqahai mind-fdm, The celestial orbs.

a M*. huqqa-bda, A player at cups and
balls ; a juggler ; a cut-purse, a pick-pocket ;
a plotter ; an impostor ; a, grenadier ; a
great smoker of the huqqa,

a U*. huqqa-bazl, Jugglery, etc. (see
the preceding).

a 44^ huqqa-barddr, The man who
prepares the hookah.

a i^ji huqqa-parddaa, A sky-rocket.

a $$ huqqagdr, j£&ie- huqqagar, A turner
of cups and balls.

i haqqiyat, Reality, right; claim,
title ; proprietorship ; property ; a hold-
ing, tenure; a share; — haqqlyaii shihml, An
under-tenure ; — haqqiyati Jcdeht, A title
arising from cultivation ; — haqqlyati ndqis,
A defective title.

a LSjW^ haqqlyat-izharl, The mani-

festation or proof of a right.

a rtP 0 * haqir, Base, contemptible; little,
small ; thin, lean ; — haqir ddshtan, To de-
spise.

a ^$jt^- haqfn, Contemptibleness, insig-
nificance, meanness.

a haqiqai, Truth, reality ; (in a

mystical sense) the spiritual doctrine,
spirituality ; sincerity ; the real state, cir-
cumstance, or statement of a thing ; gist,
pith ; account, narration, relation, story ; ex-
planation ; — liaqiqati jam' , A general state-
ment of the public revenues; — haqiqati hdl,
The true or real circumstances of a case,
statement; — ba-haqiqat, dar haqiqai, fl 'l-
haqiqa, In truth ; verily, certainly (m.c.).

a = 4As&> haqlqatan (in P. frequently
"lxa*a=.) ( Truly, certainly.

a cuaJU haqiqat-bin, Who sees what
is true or right.

a (jAaa <j^SL t Ss~ haqiqai- shinde, Intelligent.

a <uU us-J-ae* haqiqat-ndma, A written
statement of facts or particulars.

a i J^- haqiqi, True, unfeigned, real ; ac-
curate ; radical, essential ; — birddari haqiqi,
One's own (uterine) brother.

a usAs- hakk (v.n.), Scratching, nibbing;
Bcraping, erasing ; rubbing one substance
against another ; piercing, stinging (the
heart) ; [hakkshudan, To be scratched, &c. ;
— hakk sakMan (kardan), To scratch, erase,
&c. ;]— hikk, Doubt, suspicion.

a <tf!l£a- hakkdk, A jeweller ; a polisher of
precious stones; a borer of pearls ; a lapi-
dary.

a hukdkat, Whatever falls off in

polishing, filing, rasping, sawing, planing,
shaving, &c.

a hikam (v.n. 3 of ?**■), Citing before
a judge.

A hukkdm (pi. of hakim), Princes,
lords, nobles, governors, judges, magis-
trates hukkdmi bald-dast, Superior autho-
rise s or officers ; — hukkdmi tdbi', Subordinate
officers ; — hukkdmi ?il\ District officers ; —
hukkdmi faujddri, Criminal judges or ma-
gistrates ; — hukkdmi md-taht, Subordinate
officers ; — hukkdmi mdl, Revenue officers.

a hukkdmi, Of, referring to, done

by, princes, magistrates, etc.

a v>Ua. hukdyd, hikdyat (pi. of the

following), Stories, tales, &c.

a QS*- hikdyat (v.n. of Telling, re-

lating; resembling; history, heroic, romance,
fable, tradition, relation, narrative ; — hikd-
yat baslan (ddshtan, firo-guzdshtait, kardan,
guftan), To relate, narrate; — hikdyat kar-
dan, To imitate, to mimic exactly ; to argue.

a hikkat, Itch, scab ; an itching sen-
sation that induces scratching.

a j£c hakr (v.n.), Keeping back (grain) till
a time of scarcity ; a mixture of butter and
honey ; — hakr, hukr, A small cup or bowl ;
a small matter, a trifle ; — hakar, Grain laid
up in store against a season of scarcity ; a
dispute, quarrel, litigation; water collected
together.

a Sj<=- hukrat, Whatever is hid or laid up
against a time of scarcity.

a hukm (v.n.), Exercising authority,
commanding ; command, dominion, go-
vernment ; judgment, sentence, decree ;
verdict, doom, award; judicial authority,
jurisdiction; rule, control, direction, ma-
nagement ; a statute, law, enactment ; any-
thing exacted, as a tribute, Ac. ; order, pre-
cept ; sanction, permission ; effect, influence,
efficiency ; an article of faith ; wisdom,
knowledge ; proportion, relation ; (adverbi-
ally) like ; [hukmi biydzi, A royal mandate
issued with secrecy and despatch ; — hukm
dddan, To govern (m.c.) ; — hukmi dar-
miydna, An intermediate or interlocutory
order ;— hukmi shar 1 (shar'i), A judicial
decree ; — hukmi zabtj, Or Jer of resumption ;
— hukmi talabi, Summons ; application for
a decree or judgment, ; — hukmi zahrl. An
order written on the back (of a writing) ;
— hukm, farmudati, To command ; to judge,
to decide ; — hukmi qidrn, A divine decree ; —
hukmi qazd, The decree of fate ; — hukmi
qati', A decisive, or final order ; an explicit
command or injunction ; —hukm kardan, To
judge, decide, sentence, decree, determine,
order, command, rule over, regulate ; — hukm
kaskidan, To obey a command ; — hukmi
gashii, A circular order ; — hukmi mutlaq, Ab-
solute authority or power ; — hukmi mauqUfi,
Order of dismissal ; arrest of judgment ;—
hukmi ndtiq, A peremptory order ; — ba-
jtutmi, By way of ; for the sake or purpose
of ; — ba~hukmi dn ki, Forasmuch as, seeing

( 427 )

that, by reason that, because •, to the de-
gree that ; — ba-hukmi zarilrat, Through ne-
cessity ;] — hakam, An umpire, arbitrator,
mediator ; — hikam- (pi. of hikmat), Wise
sayings ; sciences.

Immediately, without

hakim. Learned, wise,

A hukman,
further orders (m.c
A »U£=- hukamd'
men, philosophers;

(pi. of hakim), Wise
doctors, physicians ; —
hukamd'i dfdq. The wise men of the age; —
hukamd'i yundn, The Greek philosophers
(m.c).

a ft£*. hukm-anddz, A skilful archer.
a hukrh-anddzl. Skill in bow-

manship.

l*^ hukm-barddr, Executing com-
mands ; obedient to orders.

a j\ p£c hukm-barddrl, Obedience.

a Ci=. hikmat, Wisdom, science, know-
ledge; a wise saying; philosophy, physic,
medicine ; mystery, occult sciences (m.c.) ; —
hikmati bdligka, Mature wisdom ; — hikmati
khudd (ildhi, rabbdni), Divine mystery ; by
the permission of God ; — hikmati riydzi, Ma-
thematics ; — hikmati 'amali, Practical know-
ledge; — hikmati tab'i, Natural reason or
instinct (in contradistinction to intellectual
or spiritual wisdom) ; — dar tin chi hikmat-
ad, What's the wit of that ?

hikmaUarn, Wisdom-adorning;
adorned with wisdom.

a. hikmat-dmez, Mingled with

wisdom or wise sayings.

a hikmat-ti'ln, Guided by, or

adorned with wisdom.

a <j**£^ hikmati, Clever.

a ylj hukm-rdn, Euling, commanding;
a governor (m.c).

a ,J\j hukm-rdni, Sway, dominion ; —
hukm-rdni kardan, To govern, to rule (m.c).

a r*^ hukm-rawd. Who rules, com-
mands, issues an order.

a yii pi*, hukm-kash, Obedient to orders.

a ^gfljS hukm-guzdri, Empire, sove-

reignty.

a hukm-ndma, A written order ;

writ, warrant; injunction; prescript.

o ,j*£e- hukmi. Obedient to directions
(applied to medicine).

a hukumat, Dominion, sovereignty,

absolute power; jurisdiction; a princi-
pality ; the sentence of a judge ; — hukumati
Bha&hsi, Personal government ; monarchy ;
autocracy, despotism.

a is~»jS»- hukumat-jamhuri, Re-

publican government ; a republic, demo-
cracy.

a (j^, hukumat-rdn, Reigning

power.

a is^LxnjS*. kukumat-gdh, Seat of govern-
ment, metropolis, royal residence ; a pro-
vince, principality ; control.

a hikka, Itch.

a hakki, An erasing-knife.

prudent,

judicious ; a doctor, philosopher ; a physi-
cian ; a name of God ; — hakimi danddn,
A dentist (m.c.) ; — hakimi mutlaq, Omni-
scient.

a ttU**^ haklmdna, Sage-like ; sagely,
wisely.

a t hakim-bdshi, A head physi-

cian, a physician in waiting (m.c).

a <U^=. hakima (provincially for hakim
aet), He is a, doctor, a leavned man (m.c).

a (_s*~£=. hakimi, The practice of medi-
cine; referring to wise men, doctors, phy-
sicians, &c.

a J=- hall, hal (v.n.), Untying, unloosing;
diluting, dissolving, melting; solution; ana-
lysis ; grinding, trituration ; alighting ;
having passed the days of probation (a
widow, see sac) ; [hall shudan, To be untied,
Ac. ; — halli 'uqda, The untying of a knot ; —
hall kardan, To untie, &c. ; — hall u raht,
hall u 'aqd, Loosing and tying ; — gdh hall
gdh ehadd kardan, To tie and unloose.'uu-
loose and tie;] — hill (v.n.), Being lawful;
a lawful thing ; the dissolution of an oath ;
doffing the pilgrim's garb; a butt or mark
for archers.

a v!U hiltib (v,n. 3 of s-U), Milking; a
milking- pail.

a s^=- hallcib, A milker.

a gX=- kalldj, A dresser of cotton, one
who separates it from the seed ; surname
of a Sufic martyr.

a halldji, The art of dressing cot-

ton ; — halldji kardan, To card or tease
(cotton or wool) ; (met.) to abuse, revile.

a ,J&X=- lialahil, The wild onion ; — huldhil,
A prince, a chief of a tribe.

A haldl (v.n. of J=-), Being legal, le-
gitimate ; a lawful thing ; legal, sanctioned
by religion (opp. to hardm), suitable for
food, lawful to eat, killed as prescribed by
law ; lawfully earned ; & widow having
completed her days of probation and hence
laying aside mourning ; a lawful wife ;
mastic ; [haldl shudan, To be legal, legiti-
mate ; — haldl kardan, To make pure or law-
ful ; to slaughter cattle ; to give ; to marry ;
— haldl-am^Mj lawful (wife or husband) ;]
— halldl, A looser, solver, dissolver, or re-
solver ; — kashshdfi mushkildt u halldli mu'zi-
Idt, Resolver of doubts and solver of diffi-
culties.

a J? i J^s. haldl-kliwur , Au epithet applied
to the lowest and vilest classes of the
people, particularly such as are employed
in the meanest offices, the removing of car-
rion and the like; so called because every-
thing is lawful food to them.

a JSU haldl-khwuri, Business of

sweeper.

a haldl-rozi, Who earns an ho-

nest living ; — haldl-rozi shudan,
one's bread in an honest way.

To earn

1=

( 428 )

a u^ J \> haldl-zddagi, Legitimacy of
birth ; nobility, uprightness.

a Jie- haldl-zdda, A legitimate son ;
noble, ingenuous, upright.

a uA+i haldl-namak, Faithful, true.

a aJ5U. halitla, A woman married again
with her first divorcer, after she had been
divorced from her second husband.

a ^J%=- haltilz, Fresh ; legitimate ; lawful-
ness j freedom ; — halall Mwastan, To claim
one's lawful share.

a f$e. halam, hulldm, <^ hulhin, A kid
taken from the mother's womb ; a lamb.

a 6;Sk=- halawat (v.n. of Being sweet ;
sweetness ; delight, pleasure, enjoyment ;
taste, relish.

a (ji^. kaldwat-baMsh, Sweetening,

imparting sweetness.

a Jfi~ hald'il (pi. of halllat), Wives.

a halb (v.n.), Milking; — halab (v.n.),
Milking; milk; Aleppo in Syria.

a halhat, Horses assembled from

different stables for running races; a race-
course ; — halabat, halaba (pi. of hdlib),
Milkers ; — hulbat, hulba, Fenugreek.

a s->!M«=- halibldb, hiliblab, Ivy.

a halahl, Belonging to a milch cow ;
native of Aleppo; white iron, tin-plate (m.c.) .

A s- halblb. Dog's bane.

a <£J^~" <s<^~ halabl sdii, Fabrication of
while iron (m.c.).

a hallat, A large reed-basket ; a street,
a quarter; name of a place in Syria; —
hallat, hillat, Intent, design, aim ; — hillat.
Those who alight at a place, guests ; the
mode of alighting ; a number of dwellings,
a hundred houses ; an assembly, congrega-
tion, place of meeting; — fyullat, A cloak or
covering for the body ; a wrapper ; a striped
Arabian garment.

a u:-' ^ hiltit, t£~j^l=. kiltis, Assafcetida ;
— hiliuu 't-tjhb, Asadulcis.

a haij (v.n.), Carding wool or cotton,
separating cotton from the seed ; travel-
ling during the night ; rolling paste in an
orbicular form ; running towards the hen
with extended wings (a cock).

J*A=- hilhil, The wild onion.

a hal-ddri, A collection for mar-

riage licences ; licences.

a t)i>^" hahun, kalamn, A snail ; a sea-
shell ; — halzunu'l-uzn, The cochlea of the
ear.

A ^r-lus. hah (v.n.), A covenant, a treaty ;
— hils, A great man ; name of the fourth
gaming arrow; dorsers put under saddles
to save the camels' backs; — hils, kalas,
Carpets laid under rich tapestry and fur-
niture ; — kalis, Brave, bold; covetous,
greedy.

a halt (v.n.), Contending obstinately ;
being angry ; being quick, hasty (in any
business).

a wAU half, hilf, halif (v.n.), Swearing;

— halaf, .Name of a plant; — hilf, A com-
pact, confederacy ; faith iu keeping agree-
ments ; — ba-half, On oath.

A "^U. halfan, On oath.

a oUU half d', A certain water-plant, a
reed ; — hulafd' (pi. of halif), Associates,
confederates.

a Sale, half at, Au oath.

a half-ndma, A declaration on

oath, an affidavit.

a ,jle* halq (v.n.), Shaving (the head) ;
hurting one in the throat; the throat, the
gullet ; the windpipe ; [halqi dztid, The
throat (of an animal) that cannot be law-
fully cut ; — halq uftddan, To stop short for
a loss of words, to break down in a speech ;]
— hilq, A numerous flock ; great wealth ; a
royal signet j — halaq (pi. of halqat), Rings,
circles.

a halq-afshari, Pressure of the

throat, strangulation.

A Xsl=- halqat, halqa, A ring, hoop, circle;
the ring or knocker of a door'; a wheel ;
a loop, link, button- hole ; an assembly,
circle of friends, fraternity ; a circuit ; a
boundary line ; a kind of fireworks ; [halqa'i
db-gun, The sky ; — halqa' i iqbdli nd mumhin
jurnbdnidan, To strive for anything impos-
sible to attain ; — halqa bar dar rekJjtan
Qsadan, koftan), halqa bar sinddn tsadan, To
knock at the door ; — halqa bar nam kashi-
dan, To disgrace ; — halqa bastan, To form a
circle ; — halqa ba-gosh (dar -gosh), Having
a ring (of servitude) in the ear, a servant,
a slave ; — halqa'i blni, A nose-ring (worn by
women) ; — halqa juiribdnidan, To knock at
the door ; — halqa'i dam, A horse-hair snare ;
a kind of veil ; — halqa dar goshi kase hathi-
dan, To render one obedient or submissive,
to enslave ; — lialqa'i dast-band, The hori-
zon ; the earth ; — halqa zadan, To knock at
the door ; to form rings or circles, to circle ;
— halqa'i sufra, Kings sown round a
leathern table-cover ; — halqa'i saudd, An
assembly or syndicate of merchants, a com-
mercial ring ; — halqa'i eimin, The full moon;
ice formed on a circular cistern ; — halqa
ahudan, To be or become bent (as a bow) ;
— halqa kardan, To bend, curve, form into a
ring, loop, or link ; — halqa kardani nam, To
disgrace ; — halqa haiMdan, To draw circles
(as a conjuror) ; — halqa'i nosh, The lip ; the
mouth ; — chun halqa bar dar, Standing out-
side the door, unable to enter ; firm, steady,
solid ;] — halagat, hdlaqa (pi. of hdliq),
Shavers.

. a o^ 21 " halqacM, A kind of sweetmeat or
pastry in form of a ring.

a f^ala- hulqilm, The throat, gullet, wind-
pipe.

a y^AS pfL*- hulqiim-nashkan, Hard in
the mouth (horse).

a ^f^- halqu'i bats, A silk string round
the neck of a falcon.

^ { 429 ) J~

a Mia- halqa, see above under A.

a jWl dilo. Aaiga anddz, Who emits to-
bacco smoke in ringlets (m.c).

a \J>j&t halqa ba-gosh, A slave (see
&ila.).

a ls*J^* hcdqa-ba-goshl, Servitude.

a ^Aij iaLs. kalqa-bandi, A concentric divi-
sion of villages ; pertaining to such.

a &siL halqa-pu&ht, Obedient, sub-
missive ; a slave.

a if** «U halqa-ehin, A kind of sweet-
meat.

»jW kalqa-ddr, (An ear) having a
ring, i.e. attentive and obedient,

a J*^ <i«l& halqah dar-gosh, A slave
(see

a ^jSy, halqa-ruba'i, Running at a

ring (with the iance).

a W j aak. halqa-zan, One who raps at
the door ; a schoolmaster, preceptor.

a jfS WU halqa-gir, Who circles (as a.
combatant round his adversary).

a halqawdr. Like a ring,

a ^5*1=- AaZgi, Guttural ; — hwrfi halql, A
guttural letter.

a halqiyat, Gutturality.

a tfXU. Aafofc (v.n.), Being very black ;
intense blackness.

a tsj^U hal-kdri, Gilding ; gold or silver
leaves painted or imprinted on a stuff (see
**— ») ; — jdma'i halkari, A garment of such
stuff.

a JU. halal (v.n. of J<^), Weakness in
the hough or pastern ; — hulal (pi. of hul-
lat), Cloaks ; striped Arabian garments.

a hilm (v.n.), Being mild, gentle,
clement ; mildness, meekness, clemency,
long-suffering ; affability, sedateness, calm-
ness, gravity ; wisdom ; — hulm, hidum,
(v.n.), Dreaming in sleep, seeing in sleep ;
dream ; nocturnal pollution ; — halam, Being
corroded, fretted by worms (a hide).

a »Ui>. kulamd (pi. of halvm), Mild,
gentle, meek, clement,

a Us- halamat, A tike ; a worm which
infests abide; the nipple ; the prickly plant
m'ddn.

A hilmiyat, Mildness, gentleness.

AjU halw (v.n.), Being sweet, pleasant (to
the eye, mind, or taste) ; — hulw, hold,
Sweet; pleasant, agreeable.

a o^^lo. halwd', Any kind of sweet cake or
paste made with flour ; sweetmeat ; an
electuary ; anything soft and sweet ; sweet
fruit, fruit; — halwd'i dehti (sulh), Sweet-
meats sent to one another on making peace ;
— halwa'i Urinj, A sweetmeat made of rice-
flower; — halwd'i bi-dud (bl-dukhdn), An
esteemed kind of confection ; a kiss ; —
halwd'i tar, Sweet and j uicy fruit ; = halwd'i
U-dud above ; (met.) the lips of a mistress ;
— halwd'i rishta, A kind of vermicelli; —
halwd'i shakar, A confection of sugar ; —
halwa'i 'id, A sweetmeat eaten 021 feast-

days ; — halwd ma-kliwur, Do not talk at
random, or rubbish; — halwd'i ntm-skakarl
(nimshakarl), A noted sweetmeat.

a halwd' suhan, Name of a

sweetmeat.

a halwd-gar, A confectioner.

A y^-' hvlwdn (v.n. of j^), Being
sweet, pleasing, agreeable ; a bribe, dou-
ceur, sweetener ; the fee of a broker ; a
present to a soothsayer ; a woman's dowry.

a JV*" halwdnl, halwd'i, A con-

fectioner.

a halub, One who milks ; (an ani-
mal) milked.

a jy^ hulul (v.n. of J-), Descending,
alighting, remaining, resting in a place ;
entering, penetrating ; transmigration ; ar-
riving at the place of sacrifice (a victim) ;
putting off her weeds (a widow) ; being
due (a debt) ; (pi. of hall) those who alight
and stay.

a haltlliyat, Name of a sect.

a hulum (pi. of hilm), Clemencies.

A Jsjlo- halwd = ^jie- q.v.

a <*>k£*- halwlydt (pi. of the preceding),
Sweetmeats.

a aU hulla, A dress, consisting of a waist-
wrapper and a cloak for the whole body ; a
robe, garment (see &=-) ; — hidki'i Adam,
Adam's garment, (met.) verdure ; — ttuUa
bdftan, To weave a garment ; — liwlla bar-
kitf giriftan (pfishidan), To put on a dress.

a eJU jSiU* hullagari khdk, Who makes a
dress for the earth, i.e. who produces ver-
dure (applied to God).

a haly (v.n.), Decorating (herself)
with jewels and ornaments ; an ornament
of a sword, especially on the hilt or sheath ;
\_halyi db, The rippling of water;] — hUd,
hula (pi. -of hilyat; hulyat), Female orna-
ments, gems, jewels.

a halib, New milk ; date-wine.

a, Jj!^ hnla-bandi db, Who adorns

the earth with green herbs, and produces
pearls from water-drops.

a M=- hilyat, hulyat, A jewel or a wo-
man's metallic ornament ; name of a place
in Yaman abounding in lions ; — hilyat, The
external form, bearing or quality of a per-
son.

a £->U- hill'tyat, Lawfulness ; leave, per-
mission ; — hill'tyat khwdetan, To take leave,
to say good-bye (m.c).

a g-le- halij, Carded or dressed (cotton).

a <-LJL- halif, A confederate, associate ;
one bound to another by an oath ; a con-
spirator ; — halifi iflde, Poor.

a <tt-l=- hulaifa, Name of a medicinal
seed.

a J*L- halU, A husband ; a neighbour
alighted at a place.

a SLjU. halllat, A wife; alighted at a
place (fern.).

a haltm, Mild, week, gentle, affable,

clement; a title of God ; a fat animal ; a
kind of food dressed in the Muhanam.

a hallmat, Name of Muhammad's

nurse.

A halaimu, Garden -sorrel.

a hilya, hulya, The external appear-
ance (of a man) ; a description of the face
or countenance ; a description-roll.

a iuU d^U. hilya-ndma, A description-
roll.

a ham, A husband or wife's father or
relation; — hamm {v.n.), Making hot; heat-
ing ; kindling ; exciting, encouraging, has-
tening (a departure) ; tending towards, de-
signing, purposing ; — hamm, hamm, The
best part of anything,

a Ue. hama', A husband's father or bro-
ther ; black, thin mud.

a iUa- hamdt, A wife's or husband's
mother; Hamath in Syria; — hwrftdt (pi. of
hdmij, Protectors.

a ^U»- hamdhim, A kind of mint; ac-
cording to others = gjU— t q.v.

a jUo. himar, A male ass, a donkey ;
name of an apostate from the faith (Himar
ibn Malik) ; — zu 'Uhimari 'l-asivad. Name of
'Ansa, a pseudo prophet in the time of Mu-
hammad.

a jW- hammar, An ass-driver.

a ,4^*^ himdri, Asinine.

a SjU=» hamdzat (v.n. of )+*■), Being
strong, stout, firm ; strength.

a £-Uo- hamdsat, Valour, bravery ; the
celebrated anthology of the ancient Arabian
poets compiled by Abu Tatnam.

a u*Uf. hummdz, Wild sorrel; the juice
of an orange ; — hummdzi bustdni, Garden-
sorrel.

a t>U*- himmat, A kind of fig.

a jUi- hwmdq, Small-pox, measles.

a i>Us- hamdqat (v.n. of t3*^) 5 Being
silly, foolish, stupid ; folly, stupidity ;
being dull (a, market).

a JUi. hammed, A porter, carrier of bur-
dens ; a palJci bearer.

a £JW=- himdlat, A sword-belt; the voca-
tion of a porter ; — hammdla, A female car-
rier of burdens.

a (jJUc- hamaliq (pi. of himldq), Inter-
nal parts of the eye-lashes which they anoint
with antimony.

a pUr*. hamdm, A pigeon ; a dove ; —
himdm, Death ; — humam, The camel fever ;
a camel seized with fever ;—hammdm,
vulg. hamdm, A hot bath ; a Turkish bath ;
a bagnio ; — hamdmi mdriya (maryam), A
water-bath (Fr. bain-marie).

a UU=>- hamdmd, Stone-parsley, amo-
mum.

A vsjUUs- hamdmat (pi. of hamdm), King-
doves ; — hammdmdt (pi. of fra»i»ia»i),Warm
baths.

A <uUfi- hamdmat, One dove.

a jj^-Ub- hammdmchi, (j - ^**- hammdmi, A

( 430 ) ^

bagnio-keeper, a keeper of a warm bath ;
an attendant at a bath.

A hS**~ himdyat (v.n. of (j**-) > Protecting,
defending ; guardianship ; patronage,
countenance, support, defence, protection ;
— himdyat dddan, To give protection, to
defend ; to patronize.

a jS^i U.=- himdyatgar, Protective ; a pro-
tector.

a a?W=- hamd'id (pi. of hamldat), Laud-
able actions or qualities.

a JSW hamd'il (pi. of himdlat), Shoulder
sword-belts ; riband or grand cordon of
an order of knighthood (m.c.) ; a small
Kur'in suspended from the neck as a pre-
servative ; a necklace of flowers or small
coins ; — hamd'ili shamsshir, A sword-belt ; —
hamd'ili falak, The inclination of the sphere;
— hamd'il nishastan, To sit with bent body,
i.e. in a nonchalant or fastidious manner.

a 0 lfU=- hamd'ili, A planet's elliptical
motion.

a ,*>W=- hamd'im (pi. of hamdmat), Pi-
geons, doves.

a (jfUe. humd'l, Feverish, febrile.
a J**- humat, huma, The venom of a
scorpion ; — himmat, Death ; — hummed, In-
tense heat ; blackness.

a p^+ r - humhum, Plantain ; according to
others a bramble of which camels are parti-
cularly fond.

a A**- hamd (v.n.), Praising ; returning
thanks to God, thankfully acknowledging
his benefits.

a ha/mdan, himddn, hamdun,

Penis (see <^-uJ).

a fyamdalat (v.n. of J** 0 -), Pro-

nouncing the formula al-hamdu li 'lltih,
Praise be to God !

a hamdunat, Hiirunu 'r-rashid's

daughter ; — ham.duna, An ape, baboon.

a j*=> humr (pi. of ahmar), Red; — humar,
Tamarinds ; Jew's pitch, asphaltum, bitu-
men.

A hamrd' (fern, of ahmar), Bed.
a ij*.*- humrat, Redness ; — humra, Erysi-
pelas ; — ft/umra'i jafn, Erysipelatous inflam-
mation of the eyelids.

huma, The tamarind.
A^*£> hamz (v,n.), Sharpening; biting
the tongue (anything bitter or sour);
acritude, bitterness of taste.

a S)*e- hamzat, The herb rocket ; a lion ;
name of an uncle of Muhammad.

hamat (v.n.), Being ste.dfast, im-

movable (in the faith and in battle) ;
— hamis, Strong, bold, hard, firm, un-
blenching (in the faith and in battle).

a (jA-*=- hamsh (v.n.), Inflaming with
rage ; being angry ; — hamash (v.n.), Having
slender legs.

a <j>+*- hams (v.n.), Subsiding (a swell-
ing) ; ceasing to vibrate (a swing) ; easily
extracting a mote from the eye ; — /iamy,

( 431 ) U»

Aim*, Name of a favnous town in Syria
(Emessa).

a (ji+o- ham? (v.il.), Being acid ; feeding
on a salt, bitter plant (a camel) ; a salt,
acrid, bitter plant ; sorrel.

A tj**- humq, humuq (v.n.). Being foolish ;
foolishness, want of understanding ; wine ;
— hwmiq, Thin-bearded.

a oU*s. humaqd', (jiw- hamaqa' (plurals of
hamiq), Fools.

a hamak, Pismires ; lice, nits ; any-
thing small, minute.

a J**- haml (v.n.), Carrying ; being preg-
nant (a woman) ; bearing fruit (a tree) ;
fruit borne in the womb, or on a tree ;
(also himl) a burden, a load ; the baggage
of an army ; [haml bar-ddshtan, To conceive ;
conception, fecundation ; — haml ru'i haml,
Superfetation ; — haml kardan, To impose a
burden, to load ; to bring, to transport ; to
charge, impute, ascribe, accuse; — haml
giriftan, To conceive, to become pregnant ;]
— himl, haml, A camel which bears the
women's litter ; a litter; — hamal, A lamb ;
the sign Aries.

a himldq, humldq, = JjU=- q.v.

a &U=- hamlat, hamla (v.n.), Making an
assault; an attack, charge, assault ; aggres-
sion, invasion ; (met.) concubitus ; — hamla' i
dam, Congestion ; — hamla angekhtan {dicar-
dan, bur dan, sdkhtan, kardan), To charge.

a 4l*a- hamla-ddr, JjS' hamla-
girdy, Who makes an attack or charge.

a <sl*a- hamlah-giri, An attack, in-
road, invasion.

a JjU*. hwmluq, The inner part of the
eye-lash, which they anoint with surma ;
white of the eye.

a hamam (v.n. of f>*~), Becoming
heated (water) ; coals ; ashes ; anything
burnt.

a 3*0. hamw, hamu, A husband's or wife's
father or brother ; a wife's relation.

a himwat (v.n. of 4^+=-), Enjoining
to abstain from ; anything guarded, kept,
preserved.

a u*j+=- humuz (v.n. of tj>**-). Feeding
011 salt and bitter plants (a camel).

a humuzat (v.n. of ij>**-), Being

acid ; acidity, acridity, bitterness.

a Jj**. hamul, A carrier ; one who bears
injuries with patience ; — humul (pi. of
haml or himl), Camels which carry women
in litters ; the litters themselves ; a sup-
pository (med.).

a &j*o- hamulat, A beast of burthen
(especially a horse or camel) ; — humulat, A
horse or camel-load.

a Jy*=- hamd (pi. of hamdma). Doves ; —
hima, A place of herbage or pasture prohi-
bited to the public ; a thing prohibited or
interdicted ; the abode of one's beloved ; —
hummd, Fever, ague ; hummd'i istiqbdli,
Anticipatory fover ; — hiummd'i bd rd'iha'i

aull, Urinous fever ; — hummd'i balgjiaim,
Mucous (gastric) fever ; — hummd'i khablsa,
Syncopal fever; — hummd'i dd'ira, Inter-
mittent fever ; — hummd'i da'im, Continuous
fever ; — hummd'i dd'vmi gkalat, Eemittent
fever ; — hummd'i diqql, Hectic fever ; —
hummd'i zdti. Essential fever ; — hummd'i
ratyi, Sympathetic fever; — hummd'i rib'i,
A quartan ague ; — hummd' i eard, Yellow
fever ; — hummd'i safrawi, Bilious fever ; —
hummd'i 'araq-gazl, Miliary fever ; — hum-
md'i Idzim, Hectic fever ; — hummd'i mutta-
sil, Continuous fever ; — hummd'i muttasili
kdzib, Remittent fever; — hummd'i majhuli,
Sympathetic fever ; — hummd'i nafasiya,
Puerperal fever ; — hummd'i warami, In-
flammatory fever ; — hummd'i yauml, Ephe-
mera ; feverish lassitude. (See s-* and <4y.)

a i^Wa. hummaydt (pi. of hummd),
Fevers.

a (JjUL^o. himydtd, A name of Muham-
mad.

a <L*e* himyat (v.n. of ,_;*=-), Prohibiting,
forbidding, interdicting ; enjoining to ab-
stain from ; guarded, inaccessible thing ; — ■
hamiyat (v.n. of jj*^), Indignation ; scorn ;
ardour, impetuosity ; a nice sense of ho-
nour.

A j->*i=* hamtd (fern, hamidat, hamida).
Praised ; laudable ; glorious ; — akhldqi
hamida, Praiseworthy manners ; — ausdfi
hamida, Laudable qualities.

a hamir (pi. of himdr), Asses ; —
himyar, Name of a place and tribe.

A J-t-vf hamil, Carried, carried away;
rubbish, leaves, sticks, k, carried down by
the stream ; a foundling reared by stran-
gers ; a bastard; a slave brought young
from abroad ; a surety.

A f» » ' =- hamtm, Hot water.

A hinn, A certain tribe of demons ; —
hunn, Name of the founder of a tribe.

H Us. hannd (for ^), The pommel of a
saddle ; a saddle.

A hinnd' (vulg. hind), The shrub
henna (Lawsonia inermis), used for dyeing
the hands, feet, and hair; — hind bar kafi
kase nihddan, (met.) To make one unfit for
work ; — hind baetan, To dye with henna
(applied to women) ; — hind'i pari zdi^,
Henna which turns black after use ; — hind'i
du-bdra-band, Henna repeatedly applied to
produce a deeper tint ; — hind'i qadah, Ked
wine; — hind'i quraish (qarish), Moss growing
upon stones, lichen ; — hind'i qirya, Tears of
blood ; — hind mdlidan, To dye with henna
(applied to men) ; — hind'i majnitn, Woad ;
— hind ■ nau kardan, To dye afresh with
henna ; — pd'i kase dar hind baa tan, (met.)
To prevent one from walking.

A il>U=- handhilat (pi. of hambali), Ham-
balites, followers of Ibn Hambal.

« «! Us. hind-band, Dyed with henna
(paper).

( 432 )

a t)^Ju> Uo. hind-banddn, ^JUi hind-
bandi, The ceremony of sending henna for
a bride on the eve of the wedding-day j a
marriage- feast.

h jMy hanna-tardsh, jU. Uo. hannd-
s&z, A saddle-maker.

a j\j ^ kintl-zar, Abounding in henna.

a hannat, A seller of wheat {hintat) ;
or of sweet herbs for the dead (hanut).

a Mnatat, The art of embalming.

A hanan (v.n. of y.^), Pitying ; pa-
rental or filial affection ; pity, compassion ;
sustenance ; daily bread ; blessing, pros-
perity ; sedateness, gravity ; — hanndn, Most
compassionate or affectionate (one of the
epithets of God) ; tenderly affected ; open,
clear (way).

a hanndnat, hanndna, A woman

who, with grief and lameutation, recalls to
mind a deceased husband (see and
<wU/») ; a twanging bow ; a tree, leaning
against which Muhammad used to preach.

a hind'i. Of the colour of henna ;
a seller of henna.

A J**"- hambal, A short, dwarfish man ; a
worn-out boot ; the sea ; (for ibn hambal)
name of an eminent Muhammadau lawyer,
and head of one of the four chief sects in
Mubammadanism.

a 1 _ s W- s -=- hairibali, A follower of (Ibn)
Hambal (one of the four chief Muhamma-
dau lawyers).

a hannat, A wife ; a woman's name
(Hanna), in particular of the mother of the
Virgin Mary ; the affectionate call of a
came' for her colt ; — kinnat, Madness.

a <±~4»- kins (v.n.) , A sin, crime ; swear-
ing falsely ; a bias (true or false).

A hanj (v.n.), Incliniug, giving a

bias; twisting a rope; necessity, necessary
business ; — hinj. Boot, origin, stock ; heart ;
the middle of anything.

a hanjar, ift^- hanjarat, hanjara,

The gullet.

a (yUali a^,^. hanjara-ghaltan, A warbler.

a Jjiji-w^ handqilqd, The lote-tree.

a Jub. hanz (v.n.), Boasting (a sheep) in
a hollow place, laying hot stones over it ;
scorching (the sun a traveller) ; spurring
(a horse), making him sweat by exercising
him a heat or two, and exposing him with
housing on to the sun.

a u-.^ hanas (v.n.), Pushing courage-
ously into the hottest of the battle -,—hunug,
Pious, chaste (people).

a ^ hunt (v.n.), Being read (lealher) ;
colouring red.

A hintat, Wheat.

A Jk^. hanzal, The wild gourd, colocynth
(Cucumis eolocynthis).

A Utn*. hanaf (v.n.), Being upright in re-
ligion, orthodoxy ; being bow-legged ;
walking on the outer edges of the feet.

a hunafd' (pi. of hanlf), Orthodox
believers.

a hanaff, Orthodox ; — mazhabi ha-

nafi, The true religion ; (for hanifi) the
sect of Hanifah.

A hanajlyat, True religion, ortho-

doxy.

a hanaq (v.n.), Being angry, indig-
nant ; indignation, anger.

a cAis^ hank (v.n.), Putting a curb or
check-rein under a horse's chin ; confirm-
ing, doing firmly and well ; rendering ex-
pert (age) ; rubbing the palate of an in-
fant with chewed date or honey (in order
to iuduce it to suck) ; — hanak, The palate
and the under part of the mouth ; a beak ;
a foraging party.

a hanw (v.n.), Bending, twisting ;
making crooked and curved ; — hinw, hanw,
The crooked timber of a saddle ; the side
of anything; — hunuw (v.n. of y**-), Being
affectionate, loving (as a mother who for her
children's sake rejects a second marriage);
being desirous.

a fey*- hanut, Sweet herbs which they are
wont to sprinkle or strew over dead bodies.

a J*))* l<yo hanut-farosh, A vendor of
sweet herbs for the dead.

a fyani (pi. of the following), Bows.

a haniyat, A bow.

a i-j^ hamz, Hot roast meat whose drip-
ping falls ; roasted thoroughly under
heated stones (mutton) ; thrown into a
sweat by being exercised in the sun (a
horse) ; scalding (water) ; a kind of oint-
ment; a perfumed lotion for the head.

a <-fiftj*- hanlf, One professing the reli-
gion of Abraham ; an orthodox Musul-
man ; firm, unshaken in his religious pro-
fession.

A &~*=- abii) ham fat {hanlf a), Name
of twenty learned doctors ; the most cele-
brated of whom was nu'mdn bin sdbit,
One of the four chiefs of the principal Mu-
hammadan sects.

A iM*^ hanifiyat, Sect of (Abu) Hanifa;
orthodoxy.

a hanin (v.n. of &-), Experiencing
and exhibiting strong emotions (whether of
pleasure or of pain) ; love, affectionate
yearning ; the affectionate cry of a camel
for her colt ; — hunain, A certain boot-maker
whose name has passed into a proverb ;
name of a translator of Greek works into
Arabic ; name of a place celebrated for one
of Muhammad's victorious battles.

a p\)»- hauwoJ (fern, of ahwd), Black or
dusky-lipped ; Eve the mother of man-
kind.

a <-r» t ^ hau'ab, A wide valley ; name of
a place near Basra.

a -i-^^f hawdjib (pi. of hdjib), Eye-
brows; — hawajibu 'gh-shams, The margin
of the sun.

a 4±jj^=» hawddis (pi. of h'idisa), uwW^j*.
hawadisdt (pi. of the preceding plural),
Accidents, events ; calamities, misfortunes ;
—hawddis afynn Jchwurd, Calamities have
ceased ; — hawddis kjiuft, Calamities have
passed away.

a Wj i±>jtji hawtidig-zada, Unfortunate.

a j^=- hiwdz, Distance.

a i£)\f~ hawdri, A washer of garments ;
a fuller ; one who acts sincerely or faith-
fully ; a friend, assistant, companion ; a
companion or disciple of Muhammad ; an
apostle of Christ ; — for A. hawdra, The
finest and whitest flour ; white bread.

a yfl^f*- hawdrlyUn, Apostles, particu-
larly those of Jesus Christ ; companions ol
Muhammad.

a y>\j=* hawdse, vulg. hawds (pi. of has-
sai), The senses ; — hawdssi andarunt, In-
ternal senses; — hawdssi barrdnl (zdhiri),
.External senses ; feeling ; — hawdssi Jchamsa,
The, five senses.

a isi.^ <j*\j^ hawdg-bdkhta, Out of one's
senses.

a hawdshl (pi. of hashiyat), Mar-

gins, borders, hems, marginal notes or ob-
servations ; followers, attendants, domes-
tics; — hawdshl mufida,, Useful explanatory
notes (m.c.) ; — umard' u hawashi, Princes
and people, grandees and plebeians.

A J">\j^ hawilsil (pi. of liausala), (Birds')
crops, stomachs; a pelican; (— J-*=- q.v.)
the egg-plant.

a «*>3\j». hawaldt (pi. of the following),
Transfers, &c. ; — arbiibi hawaldt, Holders of
commissions or trusts.

a hawdlat, hawdla, Transfer ; com-
mitment; charge, trust, care, custody; de-
posit, consignment (of property) ; assign-
ment (for payment); (adverbially) in the
charge or care of ;— hawdla chlze ba-kase
kanlan, To impute hawdla shudan, To be
entrusted, to be transferred ; -hawdla har-
dan (Jarmudan), To transmit, transfer one's
power to another, to empower one to de-
mand a debt; to give in charge, recommend ;
to impute; to brandish; to aim, strike.

a slf o.5\j=- Jtawdlat-gCih, = itf &S\j<=. q.v.

a uiAs^Mj*. hawdlajdt (pi. of A ^y)> Trusts,
Ac.

a J^j=» hawal-ddr, (in India) A native
military officer of inferior rank, a havil-
dfir.

a W &S\f hawala-gdh, A public walk in
the environs of a city, an esplanade ; a
resting-place.

a i^f* hawdla, in P. hawdli, Environs,
outskirts, parts adjacent; — hawdl" thahr,
Suburbs.

a \i\f hawdyd (pi. of havnyat), Intes-
tines; fatty parts adhering to them.

a vj=> haub (v.n.), Calling out to camels ;
sinning, offending ; father and mother,
parents ; a sister ; a daughter ; grief, sad-

( 433 ) ^

ness ; solitariness ; poverty, humility ; —
haub, hub, Crime, sin ; — hub, Affliction,
grief; calamity; destruction, death; dis-
ease.

a &t)c haubat (v.n. of v^-), Sinning; —
hubat, A sin, crime ; a man incapable of
good or evil ; a poor man.

a uuj*. haul (v.n.), Plying round any-
thing (a bird) ; — Mt, A large fish ; the
sign Pisces ; — huti garddn, The sign Pisces ;
— sdhibu 'l-Mt, The prophet Jonah.

A zf* hauj (v.n.), Being in want of;
peace, safety ; — huj, Poverty ; — hiwaj (pi.
of hdjat), Necessaries.

a hattjam (pi, of the following),

Red roses of which rose-water is made.
a &»>jc* haujamat, A red rose.
a hauz (v.n.), Driving fast ; keeping,
preserving with care.

Ajf-haur (v.n), Returning; being as-
tonished, bewildered ; unloosing, opening
the folds of a turban-sash; depth, profun-
dity ; that which is under the turban-
sash ; apparently = Ar, hauwar in [hauri
rUmi, The black poplar ; — hauri hindl, A
grain similar totiieseed duqu (see ; —

hur (v.n.), Ruin, destruction; diminution,
decrease; (pi. of ah/war and haurd'), Beauti-
ful-eyed (see the following) ; — hawar (v.n.),
Being extremely bright (the white and
black of the eye) ; extreme whiteness of
the eye with inteuse blackness ; total
blackness of the eye (as that of a doe).

a hur, ^y^V ))*• fori hihishtl (origi-
ginally pi., in P. also used as sing.), Vir-
gins or a virgin of Paradise, houri ; — hur
az dast (jasin) raft, Life has departed (Mr
by the grammatical artifice maqlub mus-
t&wl, or palindrome, standing for ruh\ see
sjjl^) ; — hum 'n-nisd', The most enchant-
ing of women ; — huri zabdni-sdx, (met.)
Sword ; — hiir u ghj,lmdn, Maidens aud youths
of Paradise.

A haurd' (fern, of ahwar), Black-

eyed ; a houri.

a haur-isfand, The anemone.

a y\y=- hurdn (P. pi. of hur), Virgins of
Paradise, houris ; — haurdn, The southern
regions of Damascus ; the herb tarragon.

a J>\y haurd-nizhdd, Of the race of the
black-eyed beauties of Paradise.
a fat hilr-paikar, Houri-faced.
a hur-zdd, if hur-tidda, Born of

a celestial nymph.

a hure, One virgin of Paradise, one
black-eyed nymph, or houri.

a )f hauz (v.n.), Collecting, accumula-
ting, acquiring; urging vehemently for-
ward ; driving (camels) slowly; a gentle pace.

a hauzat, ha una, Tract, side, part ;
middle (of a kingdom) ; nature (of a man);
vulva; name of a valley in Hijaz.

a ^f- haus (v.n.), Searching anxiously
for anything.

UV* ( 434 )

a J*;*- hau-sh (v. n.), Beating up (game)
on all sides, and driving (it) into the net;
collecting and driving to the water (camels,
&c).

a s-*-j»- haushab, Full-sided, blown out
(camel) ; the pastern ; a hare ; a fox ; a
calf ; name of a man.

a 4**>je- hughiyai, Savageness, misan-
thropy.

a ^f- haus (v.n.), Sewing up ; joining
two things closely ; — has (pi. of ahwas),
Those whose eyes are narrow at the
corners.

a ilej*- hau$alat, hausala, The stomach,
maw, or crop ; capacity ; spirit, ambition ;
desire ; courage, patience ; — hausala Jcar-
dan, To exercise patience, to contain one-
self (m.c).

&Ly hausala-ddr, Capacious; am-
bitious, aspiring.

a tSj^ J hausala-ddri, Capacity ; am-

bition.

a iLoys. hausalannand, Ambitious, as-
piring ; enterprising, bold, daring.

a hatcz, A large reservoir of water,
bason of a fountain, pond, tank, vat, cis-
tern ; (also hauzi mdhi) the sign Pisces ; —
hauzi db, The sky ; — hauzi tarsd, A vessel in
which the juice of grapes is pressed out; —
hauzi kurei, A place that can be heated, with
a seat raised over it to sit upon in winter ;
— hauzi kausar, A reservoir of nectar in
Paradise; — hauzi lab-garddn, A reservoir
or cistern with a low border ; — hauzi nu'-
man, Name of a pond whose water, which
was very salt, became sweet at the advent
of the Prophet.

a ^^j 8 - hauzcha, A small reservoir, cis-
tern.

a 4>Vaij.jR. hauz-Mtana, A building con-
taining basins of water (m.c).

a v&ty* hauzah, Small reservoir ; big dish.

a hauza, A basin-shaped litter to
ride in upon an elephant, &c. (comp. e*>jA
and ^j*).

a haul (v.n.), Keeping, preserving,
taking care of; surrounding.

a >-if* hauf, A leathern girdle worn by
menstruous women or by children under age ;
a kind of camel-litter.

t>Vj" haufardii, Tarragon.

a hauq (v. 11.), Sweeping; rubbing,
smoothing; surrounding, encompassing; a
great multitude ; — huq, Mar go glandis.

A eslje> hauk (v.n.), Weaving; basil
royal ; name of a mountain.

a Jj«- haul (v.n.), Changing ; revolving ;
returning, passing by or over; detaining ; a
year ; strength, power, might ; deceit ; [la
haul, There is no power, a deprecatory
phrase, contracted from Id haula wa Id
qilwaia ilia bi 'llahi 'l-'aliyi 'l-'azim, There
is no power nor strength but in God, the
High, the Great;] — hid (v.n.), Conceiving

(a camel) ; camels not conceiving in the
first year ; — hiwal, Transportation, passage,
change of place; — haujal (v.n.), Squinting;
diplopia.

a fidf. hawal-ddr, = jWUo- q.v.

a haulak, Pain in the throat ; mis-
fortune.

a is! jo- hwu-laqat (v.n. of <3ij**), Saying la
haula wa Id qilwata Hid bi 'llah, Neither
power nor strength except in God (see
under Jj=> haul).

a d>>f j Jjo- haul u hauth, Surroundings,
environs (m.c).

a tif* haula, Name of two tracts in Syria
dependent on Emessa and Damascus re-
spectively.

a ff. hawm (v.n.), Going round ; skim-
ming in circles (as a bird) ; a large herd of
camels.

a (jU^c- hawamdn (v.n. of j«j»-), Skim-
ming in circles (a bird).

*it»je. haumdna, Name of a shrub.

A haumat, The greatest quantity or
power of anything ; a great battle ; a
battle-field.

a y^- haumar, The tamarind (see
andj*=-).

a J»y h,aumat, A current of pure water ;
the first of anything ; a cloud black with
rain ; name of a place ; name of a penu-
rious woman, who starved a bitch that
kept watch at night until it bit off its own
tail ; hence, ajwa' min kalbati haumal, More
famished than Haumal's bitch.

Ls-iy^ hawet, A coarse cloth to cover the
hump of a camel.

gi}*- hawij, ^f.jb* hawtji, Pot-herbs, sea-
soilings ; sweets, dainties.

a <j^if>- hawlli, A house, dwelling, habi-
tation ; the districts attached to, and in
the vicinity of, the capital of a province ;
government lands.

a haiy, Alive ; a family, part of a
tribe, a tribe ; pudendum muliebre ; [haiyu 'I-
'dlam, A perennial plant, house-leek; — haiyi
qaiyum (haiy u qaiyum), haiyi la-yamut,
Eternal ; immortal, imperishable ;] — haiya,
Come hither; approach; — haiya s'-satdt,
Hasten to prayer (call of the Mu'azzin).

a ^haya', Kain; a plentiful year.

a elifi- haya' (v.n. of ^^s*-), Blushing;
shame, penitence ; modesty, bashf tilness ; —
hayd balidan, To blush ; to be ashamed.

a haydt, Life ; life-time ; — haydti

abadi, Eternal life, salvation ; — haydti tdza,
New life (used to express recovery from
severe illness, or the pleasure derived from
meeting a friend) ; — tiaydt dddan, To give
life; — haydt sipurdan, To sacrifice life; —
haydti mueta'dr, A contingent life (depend-
ing on the will of God) ; — haydt ydftan, To
find life ; — ma da-ma 'l-haydt. As long ae
life lasts, till your life's end.

a uiA-=- hiaiydt (pi. of haiyat), Serpents.

^ ( 435 ) Ui^

a y**. "^W hayr/.t-bakhsh. Life-giving.

a, haydtl, Of or pertaining to a life-
time, for life.

Uo- hayd-ddr, Modest.

A Jy^- hayara (pi. of hairtin), Asto-
nished, startled, amazed, dazzled.

a Wj hayd-zada, Abashed, ashamed.

a &°U=- hiyasat (v.n. of ij>)^), Sewing to-
gether, joining ; a girdle.

a. hiydz (pi. of hauz), Reservoirs,

&c.

a t»W hiydt (pi. of Aaif), Walls, inner
court, yard, vestibule (m.c.).

A hiydtat (v.n. of k)=~), Keeping,

preserving ; watching.

A hiydkat, Art of weaving.

a <u.&i Ls=. hayd-kushta, Overwhelmed with
shame.

a hiydl (v.n. of J*=*), Not con-

ceiving (camels) though covered, or a palm-
tree though fecundated ; opposite, contrary.

a liaiyat, A serpent (said never to
die except from accident) ; a long scorpion.

a h'ddn (pi. of hut?), Large fishes.

a Lt-~»s- hais, Where ; wheresoever, to
whatever place ; — min hais, Seeing that, be-
cause.

A ik-i^ fyaislyat, Position, locality ; ubi-
quity ; universality (in science) ; quality ;
capacity, ability, merit ; means, resources ;
status ; nature, character ; — haislyati 'urfi,
Repute, reputation, character \~arbahi hai-
nyat, Contemplative, scientific (persons) ;
— -«z haidyat, With regard to, as to (m.c).

a ^ haid (v.n.), Turning aside from,
swerving; a transverse knot upon the
horn of an ibex or mountain-goat ; a pro-
jection from a mountain's side ; any pro-
tuberance ; — hayad, Food.

a jJ>-=* haidar, A lion ; a proper name ;
(also haidaru 'Udh, The lion of the Lord,
or haidari karrdr, The lion of repeated at-
tack) name of 'Ali, son-in-law of Muham-
mad; — haidar 'all, First sultan of Mysore ;
— haidar.quli, Servant of 'Ali (as proper
name).

a >>Vf haidar-abdd, Name of two cities
in India.

a s-~i^* haidar-mandqib, Like 'Ali in
virtues.

a &*\> haidar-ndma, Title of a book
written by Faridu 'd-diu 'Attar.

a haidan, Of or belonging to Hai-

dar; one of the sect of 'Ali ; an adherent
of Qutbu 'd-din 'Ali, the founder of a
mystic sect.

a hair (v.n.), Being astonished, con-
founded, disturbed; being dazzled (the
sight) .

a i^p" hair an, Astonished, confounded,
confused, bewildered, dazzled, amazed, as-
tounded; perplexed, distracted, worried,
harassed ; [hairdn u sar-garddn, Wander-
ing about in a distracted or bewildered

state of mind ;] — hayardn (v.n. of je*-), in
P. also hairdn.. Being astonished, <fcc.

a 5 J) y^^ec hairdn-eada, = t<ij s>s»- q.v.

a hairanl, Astonishment, perturba-

tion ; astonished, perturbed.

a Zy~z- hairat (v.n. of Being as-

tounded, confounded ; amazement, conster-
nation, perturbation, stupor ; — hlrat, A city
in Mesopotamia ; a reply.

a, ^jjjit hairat- dfirin, What creates

astonishment, &c.

a uwjjb. hairat-afod, Astonishing,

amazing.

a viJ^a- hairat-angez, Exciting wonder.
a 5Jj 4*>^ hairat-stada, Struck with
amazement, thunder-struck.

a s->^» uiyuB- hairat-Tna'db, Astonished,
amazed.

a l _s'^s»' hairatl, Astonished, amazed, be-
wildered.

a hairamd, Sometimes, often.

a Jsj*^ haira, Astonished, amazed
(woman).

a <jjs=. hlri, Native of Hirat in Mesopo-
tamia.

A haiz, A place, portion, quarter,
tract, region ; a courtyard, area.

j*"- Mm, A vessel used in baths, either for
drinking or pouring water upon the body ;
a catamite.

a fty^ haimm, The breast, or the middle
of it ; the steed on which the angel Gabriel
is said to ride.

^sjue- hliti, Sodomy ; — hlzl kardan, To com-
mit sodomy.

A y-sjfc hais (v.n.), Mixing or preparing a
kind of dish made from dates, butter, and
coagulated milk ; food thus prepared.

haymh (v.n.), Quaking from fear ;
inspiring with terror ; making haste.

a (ja*** hais (v.n.), Turning away from,
swerving ; — hais-bais, hJs-bis, A perplexed
business, a misfortune ; perplexity, hesita-
tion, suspense.

A J*-*- haisal, The egg-plant.

a (jA-fc hai? (v.n.), Having the courses,
and on that account abstaining from
prayer ; the menstrual discharge ; — haiz
awardan, To be menstruous ; — haiz i dukh-
iari ('ariisi) rat, Red wine ; — haizi safed,
Semen genitale ; — haizi gul, The redness or
brightness of the rose.

a (jAts- haizi, A wicked brat, imp ; illegi-
timate, bastard.

a gUi*". hltdn (pi. of hd'if.), Walls.

a iLjc Mtat, httd, An enclosure ; a court ;
— ba~kTta'i tasarruf awardan, To appro-
priate.

a hai'alat (v.n. of J**=*), Pronoun-
cing the formula haiya 'aid 's-salat, Gome
to prayer ! — haiya 'aid 'l-faldh, Come to
safety or happiness.

iuU haif (v.n.), Practising injustice;

( 436 )

injustice, violence, oppression ; revenge ; a
pity ; alas ! what a pity ; — haif ast, What a
shame ! — haif bur dan, To afflict, to grieve
one ; — haif khwurdan, To be grieved, sor-
rowful, afflicted ; — haif Icardan, To oppress,
practise injustice ; — haif kashidan (giriftan),
To take revenge ; — haif na-bdshad, Is it not
a pity, a shame ? (mm.ce.) ; — haif u mail
harden, To appropriate unjustly ; — sad haif,
A thousand (lit. a hundred) pities (m.c.).

A ijk^ haiq (v.n.), Surrounding, girding;
lighting upon, overtaking (as affliction or
a saare) ; whatever befalls a man as the re-
sult of his own misconduct.

A Jtaik (v.n.), Strutting ; walking

leisurely ; sinking into the mind (a word) ;
cutting, penetrating (a sword or large
knife) ; weaving.

A J**- hail, Power ; craft, wile, sagacity ;
— hiyal (pi. of hllal), Frauds, tricks, stra-
tagems.

A hllat, Mia, Machination, stratagem,
finesse, knavery; pretence; trick, plot;
fraud, deceit, deception ; — Jfda andakhtan
(kardan, namudan), To use art, to deceive ;
to lay snares.

a 'UL^ (for °&**~) hilatan, Artfully, de-
ceitfully, by fraud.

a jW hUa-baz, A knave, cheat.

a tsjW hila-bdzl, Villainy, deceit.

a aa} tit*, hlla-band, A cheat.

a *1*> il-^ h7la-bila, All kinds of tricks or
stratagems (m.c).

a hila-pizhah, A trickster.

a jC t&t?*. hila-sdz, A cheat, deceiver.

a (jjL. iiffi. Mla-sdzj, Deceit, fraud ; play-
ing tricks ; immoralities ; false weight, &c.

a d")^ l.ula-faronlt, A dealer in deceit ;
a crafty fellow ; sly, malicious, crafty.

a hlla-kdr, f hllagar, A cheat ;

subtle, crafty.

a ^ jj-a*- Mla-garl, Deceit, fraud,
roguery.

a <>ls- hilawar, A cheat, a deceiver.

a hilawarl, Deceit, roguery.

A hain (v.n.), Arriving (time) ; being
near to ; destruction ; death ; — hin, Time,
an age, forty years, seven years, half a
year, eve and morn ; the day of judgment;
— hlni haydt, Life-time ; — hini raftan, At
the moment of departure.

A haiwdn (v.n.), Living ; life; an

animal ; a brute ; a stupid fellow, a block-
head; — haiwdni tambal, The sloth (quadru-
ped) haiwdni khaki wa Ctbl, An amphi-
bious animal ; — haiwdni ghairi ndtiq, An
irrational animal, a brute ; — haiwdni mdshl
bi-shikam, A reptile ; — haiwdni mutlaq, An
absolute animal, i.e. a beast or brute ; — •
haiwdni ndtiq, A talking animal, i.e. a ra-
tional being ; — haiwdni ndhiq, A braying
animal, an ass.

a haiwdndt (pi. of the preceding),

Cattle, brutes ; — haiwandti ahairi widiid,

Oviparous animals ; — haiwandti wulud,
Viviparous animals.

a t)^j#°- haiwdn - khwurdn (life-

devourer), Death.

a J^J* 0- haiwdni, Brutal ; sensual ; —
'aqli haiwdni, Animal instinct.

a i*»\y«=>- haiwdnlyat, Animality ; auimal
life and nature ; bestiality, brutality (opp.
to insdniyat, humanity).

a i)&> haydt, Life.

a haydt-afzd, Prolonging life.

a ^yts- huyiid (v.n. of •>«=■), Declining,
turning from, swerving ; (pi. of haid) pro-
jections from the sides of mountains ; knots
in the horns of mountain goats.

a haiya, The thread-worm, Lutubricus
teres (see also A. **=-).

t

t kh (called khd'i sakhiz (see J*rA), khd'i
manquta, khd'i mu'jama, dotted kha), The
ninth letter of the Arabic- Persian alphabet,
expressing in arithmetic 600, and repre-
senting Tuesday in almanacks. Its sound
corresponds with that of the Scotch or
G-erman ch in loch (" lake " in Scotch,
"hole" in German). It is interchangeable
with £ and s, as siteglk for sitekh, hijir for
khijlr.

U- khd, The shoulder ; a sewer, sink ;
(imp. of khdyldan, used in comp.) chew-
ing.

a s>W kha', The letter khd ; crines ani.

s^*- khdb, Cast back, rejected ; sleep.

a j}>^ khabur, A sort of plant j name of
a fountain or river in Mesopotamia ; name
of a place.

a khdbi'at, A jar for vinegar, wine,
Ac.

qj^W khdbldan, To trample on, tread
down ; to make equal, adjust ; (for kkwdbi-
dan) to sleep.

khdt, A kite.

a j»lfU. khdtdm, khdtam, kh.dtim, A
seal, a seal-ring, a signet ; inlaid work,
mosaic (m.c.) ; the last; — khdtimu 'l-ani-
biyd ('n-nabiyln), The seal of tbe prophets
(i.e. the last of the prophets, Muhammad) ;
— khdtami jam, The seal of Solomon (to
which many wonderful qualities have been
attributed by the Muhammadaus) ; a caba-
listic charm so called (see and yU^l-) ;
the liver ; — khdtami suhail-niahdn, khdtami
goyd (gdyO), The mouth of a mistress.

j»vU. khdtam-band, An iulayer ; a seal-
engraver.

^juj jti'li kJtdtam-bandi, Inlaid work ;
seal-engraving.

,W ( 437 ) ;W

a &*JU. kjidtimat, The end of anything;
the epilogue of a book.

khdtmar, kh&tmir, khdtman,
khdtmin, (in Zand) A sister.

a )L- ^tVi. k^dtam-sdz, Worker in mosaic
(in.c).

a ^jL. ftS\i. kh_dtam-edzi, Inlaid or mosaic
work; adorned with such (m.c ).

a f**^- khdtam-kdri, Inlaid work

(m.c.) ; — khatani kdri'i gang, Mosaic.

^jAij khdtima-bandl, A kind of

workmanship of which they make bows ;
ceiling of a roof.

a kJidtami, kjidtimi, A ring or seal-
maker.

khdtmin, A sister.

a j^U- khdtin, fera. kj&dtinat, kJidtina, A
circumciser.

AJyU. khdtida, Fraud, deceit, seduction ;
vileness, meanness of condition.

fcjjiU. Jchdtiin, A lady, matron ; a female
proper name ; — khdtuni jannat, Queen of
Paradise (a title given to Fatima, daughter
of Muhammad) ; — khdtuni jahdn, The suu ;
— kh&tuni kharyahi sinjdb, The sun ; the
moon ; — khdtuni khnm, A jar of wine ; pure
wine ; — khatani shabietdni falak, The sun ;
the moon ; the placet Venus ; — khdtuni
taiydb, Mecca; — khdtuni 'arab (kd'mat),
The Kaaba, or fane at Mecca ; Fatima ; — •
khdtuni Hnab, Wine ; — khdtuni falak, The
sun ; the moon ; "Venus ; — khatani yaghmd,
The sun; according to others also the
moon and the planet Venus.

>>W oy^- khdtun-dbdd, A quarter in Ispa-
han.

S^- kjidj, The cross ; the soft part of the
ear.

usJj— khdjsug, A sickle (see «£y ^W).

g^iAi khdkhldan. To trample, to tread
under foot (doubtful word).
kAdd, A kite ; a falcon.

A khddir, Weak, foolish, stupid ; a
lion in his den or in the woods.

a £Su* khddi 1 , Deceitful, treacherous.

a |»jU. khddim, A domestic servant (male
or female) ; a slave ; a eunuch ; — khddi-
mu 't-tulabd', A public teacher, professor
(of a college); — khddimi plr (sipihr), The
planet Sitnrn ; — khddimi khdnaqdh bd o,
The sun; the planet Jupiter ; — khddimi
dargdh, A servant who has charge of a
tomb or mosque.

a koU. kkddimat, A female servaut.

a i^jU- khddimiyat, Service, servitude ;
condition of a Bervant.

kkdda, A straight branch ; a broom-
stick ; an oar ; a coa.l-rake ; a gibbet.

jU- khdr, What scratches (imp. of khan-
dan, with the sense of a participle in com-
position) ; a thorn, thistle, bramble ; pile,
awn, or beard of barley ; the quills of a
porcupine; a cock's spur; a sting; an
enemy; an amorous gesture or blandish-

ment ; full moon ; (for khdrd) a very hard
stone ; name of a town in Persia ; (for
Jfi. q.v.) vile, &c. ; — khdri dhani, An
iron spike ; — khdri pirdhan, What afflicts,
pains, is hurtful ; — khdri tardzu, The
tongue of goldsmith's scales; — khdr chl-
dan, To gather thorns ; (met.) to pro-
tect; — khdr dar pirdhan rekhtan (dar jaib
afgandan), To afflict; — liar dar jigar shi-
kastan. To render restless or unsteady ; —
kh,dr dar rah shikastan, To collect thorns ;
to protect; — khdri dalv-kash, A hook for
drawing up a bucket; — khdri rdh, Thorns
iu the way ; — khdri sipihr, A misfortune; —
khdri saped, White-thorn ; a thorny plant ;
— khdri sih-pahlu, A triangular thorn ; a
triaugular spear or arrow-head ; — khdri
shutur (shuturl, ueMur), A plant of which
camels are fond ; a thistle, teasel ; — khdr
shudan, To be despised ; — khdri zamdna,
bd khurmdst, Evil and good are intermixed ;
— khdri 'aqrab, The sting of a scorpion ;
(met.) the planet Mars, as presiding over
the sign Scorpion (see guli mizdn under
Jf) ; — khdr kardan, To villif v ; — khdri
mdhi, A fish-bone ; — Mtd.ri mugAaildn, The
thorn of the plant mughjiildn ; — khdri wdzh-
g-ilna, The inverted thorn; — khdr mhddan,
To disobey ; to oppress ; — khdr u turunj
(khurmd), Trouble and repose; indigence
and affluence; — khdr u jamdl, A species of
date ; — az (bar) naqshi g~>r khdr riiyad,
(met.) Ignominy and contempt ensue
from it.

1;^*- khdrd, A very hard stone, flint, rock j
waved silk ; a tone in music.

Jij> jchdrd-posh, Dressed in waved
silk.

jhtyf khdrd-tarash, A stone-cutter.
tjU. khdrd-sitez, Firm as a rock in
combat.

<z£.~~ khdrd- sang, Marble.
^\£t* ljU. khdrd-shikdf, Stone-splitting.
^Sa khdrd-shikan, Stone-breaking.
Ijli khdrd-kan, Piercing rocks.
jU. khdr-anddz, A porcupine.
yiJ^U. kh,drdnidan, To cause to scratch.
$ kjidr-dwar, Thorny ; a thorny-
brake.

(jsStyi khdrd'l, Extreme hardness.
— > khdr-bast, A hedge of thorns ;
thorns fixed on a wall.

jIjs. khur-btindn, Roots of brambles.
±H jW- khdr-hand, = is— } q.v.

khdr-pusht (thorn-back), A por-
cupine, a hedgehog; name of a fruit; —
khdr-pushti bueurg (tir-anddx, kalan), A
porcupine.

a khdrij, External ; outside ; one
who rebels or comes forth in a hostile
manner; a heretic; out of tune; discor-
dant ; — khdrij az ieti'mal, Out of use ; —
khdrij az bahs, Out of the question ; —
khdrij az hita'i ehumdr, Innumerable;

( 438 )

—khdrij az 'aql, Senseless, foolish ;—khdrij
ait qiemat, Indivisible ; — khdrij az markaz,
Eccentric.

W J** khdr-jd, A thorny place.

a "Vj^- kharijan. Out of doors.

a <sSL>*>\ gjlt kjiarij-dhang, Who plays out
of tune ; discordant, dissonant.

a u>*— i Sj\& khdrij -qismat, The quotient
(in arith.).

usW;^ khdrjang, t^jXt- khdrcha, Name of
a thorny plant, preserved in vinegar like
caperB.

a io-J^ khdrija, The word at the bottom
of the page, which is repeated at the begin-
ning of the next, a catch-word ; exterior ;
what is excluded or excepted.

a o*"J^" hkariji, Extrinsic, extraneous ;
a pretender, outlaw ; belonging to the sect
called Khiirijiyat.

a hf-y*- Midrijiyai, khdrijiya. Name of a
sect who do not count 'Ali among the legal
successors of Muhammad.

nSj^jVi ihdr-chang, A crab ; cancer.

**e* y** khdr-china, Small forceps, twee-
zers ; the nails of the thumb and finger
with which a pinch is inflicted.

j^s- khdr-chxnl, A hard substance,
whence the Chinese make mirrors ; also
arrow-heidB, u wound from which is mor-
tal.

khdr-khdr, Scratching j scrubbing ;
disquietude, anxiety ; affliction ; anguish ;
love, desire; the impulse of the heart; a
wound, fissure; heat; itch.

khdr-khasta, Wounded by a

thorn.

<sl—£. _>U. khdr-khaiaJe, A triangular thorn.

>**• y** kkdr-khez, Thorns fixed on a wall
(see e~~t,U.).

_>W j^s- khdr-ddr, Thorny ; barbed ; trou-
blesome, arduous.

i±i j ^U. khdr-dida, Wounded by a thorn ;
experienced in and inured to suffering.
khdrzar, A thorny place.

«*j y*~ hhdr-ead, Name of a thorny shrub.

yUyU. khdrsdn (shortened from the fol-
lowing), A thorny place or field.

(jjU^U. khdristdn, A thorny place, a
brake.

y~ )W khdr-sar, Anything pointed.

khdr-sar-bur, A thorn-cutter; an
instrument for cutting thorns, a bill.

Jt'ju- khdrish, u^U. khdrisht, A sore,
Bcratch ; scab, itch, mange; itching;
scratching ; — khdrish kardan, To itch.

(j 4 *)^* kha.rish.ii, Scabby.

«s)U ^jLi kharishndk, Itchy, scabby.

a kharif, The keeper of a palni-
p'antation.

a ,_jjU- khdriq, A tearer, splitter ; — khdriqi
'ddat, Contrary to custom, uncommon ; —
afrdsi khdriqatu's-sufftf, Cavalry piercing
the ranks.

klidrak, A little thorn ; name of an

island situated in the Persian Gulf; also of
a species of dates which grow there ; dry
or unripe dates.

khdr-kash, A wood-cutter ; a poor
man who for want of an ass is obliged to
carry thorns himself ; name of a note in
music, and of its inventor ; — khdr-kush, A
kind of leathern hose worn over boots.

V^y*- khdr-kan, A digger- up of thorns ; a
basket for carrying them in ; a bush full
of thorns ; a nursery-m.au ; name of a note
in music.

,_5*>U khdr-mahi, A sword-fish ; a stur-
geon.

«£V , ^ lS - khdr-mahk (kj^dri mahk), A cer-
tain mountain herb.

isJbjU. khdrndk, Thorny.
j)U khdrii, A fish-bone ; a beard of com.
yjy^- khdrwdr, Thorny ; pointed as a,

thorn.

<j^- } y^- khar-u-khas,
ings.

Rubbish, sweep-

Qir*- khdrun, Eestive ; what is scratched.
SjAi khdrwa, A sailor (doubtful word),
ijti khdra, A hard stone ; a kind of rich
waved silk; a broom-stick; a broom fixed
on the end of a long pole ; a woman.

SjS' ijU. kiara-koh, A mountain of stone;
a rocky mountaiu.

iSy*- khdri (for khwari), Meanness ; igno-
miny.

y-ijj^- kharidan. To scratch, itch; to
curry (a horse) ; to provoke, irritate ; —
fchdrldani kos, The beating of the drum.

(^.jjU. /charm, Restive ; what is scratched.
khdz, Dirt of the body, garments, and
the like; a kind of linen garment; a
pumice-stone for rubbing the heels in the
bath.

ylfcjW- khdzghan, Brass (see and
a VijU).

A Jj^- khdziq, Hitting the mark (arrow
or spear).

a yjW- khdzin, A treasurer ; a keeper,
guardian, custodian.

^jijW. khdzin-ddr (ivr. pi. khdzin-ddrat),
A treasurer.

aijW. khdzana, A wife's sister.

ijy*- khdzant, Name of a famous philo-
sopher or physician.

iyi- khdza, Mixed, kneaded ; stucco.
khdzhghdn, A kettle, a pipkin.

^-v-U khdsip, Au app'e.

khdst, Rising ; rise.

l _ s &t~^ khdttagt, Rising or swelling of
dough.

(^-.W. khustan. To rise, arise, get up ; to
excite an insurrection; to set out; (for
khwdstan) to ask, petition; — ba-pd (bar
pay) khastan, To spring to one's feet;— chi
khdsl, What then ?

khdsta, Risen ; raised up ; leavened ;
a riser; — uau-khdsta, Newly risen ; a youth
whose beard begins to appear.

^ ( 439 )

a j-te- khdsir, A loser.

khdsidan, To wax old (doubtful

word).

J^- khash, Rubbish, chips, parings ; a.
bent of hay or straw ; war, battle, strife ;
vehemence, impetuosity ; immoderate in
love or in friendship ; quarrelsome, squab-
bling; avaricious; doting, silly; weak,
cowardly; abject, vile; a mother-in-law;
name of a place.

vsllfcW khdshak, Chips, leaves, sprigs,
shoots, suckers, young grass, small bits of
wood, shavings, parings, or refuse of any
kind ; also dust, motes, straws, or any-
thing similar which gets into the eye or
liquors ; rubbish, sittings.

j**^ khdsh-jo (/«), Warlike, pugna-
cious.

a £*>^ khdshi 1 , Humbling oneself ; a
devastated place where no dwelling is left.

isIaU khdshak, Sticks and straws ; sitt-
ings ; — khdshk, Name of a village near
Bakran,

y^j^AiU khdshakddn, A shop-till ; a bread-
basket ; a little box or basket wherein
women keep any little odds and ends.

lt*- ) \J>\*- khash u khash, Sticks and
straws ; chips, filings ; scraps, bits of lea-
ther.

\J*^>\±- khdshush, A reaping-hook.

Ichdsha, Sticks, straws, bits of dung,
&c. mixed together ; envy, jealousy.

a (jAli khdshi, One who fears ; timid,
fearful.

a yoU. Mass, khOs, Particular, peculiar,
special, distinct ; private, for private use,
personal, own, proper ; choice, select, ex-
cellent, noble ; — M«f? « 'dm, Noble and
plebeian, high and low; the public in
general,

a yloli khdfsdn (pi. of Mass), Men of
rank.

a ff. yoW. khds-bahr, The royal fleet of
vessels sent every year to the king.

aj\j j? khds-bar-ddr, A soldier whose
arms are furnished by bis employer ; the
bearer of the betel-box ; a servant who in
a great man's retinue carries a firelock.

kkds-pwra, Apartment for ser-
vants.

a £*W khdssat, Special, private ; noble,
&c. (See and a-U.)

a "i^U. khdssatan, in P. khdssa, khdsa,
'\~o\i. khassat-an, In particular, particularly,
especially, &c.

a yMy^U. khds-tardsii, Chief barber
(m.c).

J*- 1 * 5 y"^- khOs-taltsil, Government col-
lections without the intervention of a
zamln-ddr.

a <3l*» yoVi kjids-ta'alluq, Lands exclu-
sively belonging to government, the ori-
ginal owners having died out without heirs.

a W yoW, khds-jd, A sanctuary.

a (jeU khds-ddm, A tax for providing
the king's wardrobe.

a lyeV. khdsirat, The hypochondria, waist,
abdomen.

a jj ycU. khds-zar, Fine gold.
a kJids-xamrn, Quit-rent estates.

a <-~& (joW. khds-talab, Retinue, suite.
a ye^a- khds-kattdn, Tine linen, mus-
lin.

a q*SL*>\~. khdsagdn, Nobles,
a ^^eli khdsagi, Peculiarity, speciality ;
excellence, nobility; anything choice and
preciouB ; a king's favourite ; a royal page ;
a treasurer.

a J*" yoW. khds-mahal, A private apart-
ment ; the apartments of married women ;
first- married wife.

a <j~*.f y«^- khds-navM, The office where
the king's accounts are recorded.

a (j-jy ^p^- khd.s-nawisl, A cess for pre-
sents made to the king.

a A«U- khdsa, Pine cotton cloth of a close
texture, called cossas ; an intimate, confi-
dential friend ; a private secretary ; the
king's victuals ; especially, chiefly (see A.

a £V> &.S.U. khdsa-bdah. A private, i.e. royal
garden ; — khdsa-bdghi safed, The royal
white garden in Barda'.

a Mas?, A castrator, a gelder.
a khdsstyat, Quality, property, attri-
bute ; peculiar nature, natural disposition.

yi.-sW. khdsidan, To suppress (doubtful
word).

A khdzi', Humble, obsequious.
a s-^- khdtib, A public speaker, an ora-
tor, a preacher; one who asks in znarriage;
the second person,

a jtU. khatir, Whatever occurs to or
passes in the mind ; cogitation, thought,
suggestion; memory, remembrance ; mind,
soul, heart; inclination, propensity ; affec-
tion, favour; pleasure, will, choice ; sake,
account, behalf ; — khatir ds fidan, To satisfy,
appease ; — khatir divekhtan, To be in love ;
— khatir ddshtan,To like, have a mind for;
— khdtiri daryd-maqdtir, A comprehensive
mind ; — khdtiri 'dtir, Gracious mind ; —
khatir kardan, To reconcile, satisfy.

a khdtir-an, In or by the mind or

memory; by heart; willingly; for the
sake of ; as a favour,

a cSj^ j^U. khd.tir-dmri, Displeasure.
a 6^ _>tU- khdtir-dmrda, Melancholy,
sad.

a 6^i&\ .UU. k]i_dtir-dshufta, Discomposed.
a jjA, khdtir-pazlr. Pleasing to the

mind, agreeable to wish.

a (ji-jjj jUU. khdtir-paresh, Disturbing the
mind (Satan).

a Ai_> khdtir-pasand, Agreeable,

liked. '

a g+s- jk^- khdtir-jam', Collected, com-
posed, comforted, contented, assured, tran-

( 440 )

quil, at one's ease ; satisfactory ; content,
assurance, encouragement ; (as an exclama-
tion) be easy ! cheer up ! (m.c).

a <j^m- ;Ui khdtir.jam'l, Comfort, ease.

a ita. jtU. kliatir.khdh, A beloved object.

a i^^tU hhatir~Jchw(ih, Agreeable to
wish.

a J»^~ p*. khdtir-khwush, Contented.
a i5ji>* khatir-.da.r~i, Confidence, com-
fort.

a ci~M.j ^tVi khdtir-di'sht, Complaisance ;
recollections (m.c).

a jtU khdtir-xdda, Offspring of the
mind.

a '~t } i khatir-finb, Stealing the

heart.

a U^^ili khatir kushd, Heart- breaking'.

a p*. khdtir-girifta, Displeased.

a yt£ jtVi- khdtir-gir, Heart-captivating,
mind-possessing; enchaining the affections.

a ijZ^^" jtli. kh&tir-mandagi, Sadness,
heart-sickness.

a khatir-mdnda, Offended ;

heart-sick ; — •khatir-mdnda Jcardan, To dis-
gust.

a JjU jUi. khd.tir-malul, Heart-sick, sad.
a yoiU khdtir-ndqis, Defective in in-
1 ellecfc.

a yVjiJ jtU. khdtir-niehdn, By heart ; any
mark of remembrance ; an instance of me-
mory ; a memorandum-book.

a {$#44 khdtir-niehln, Fixed in the
memory ; chosen, beloved ; constant pre-
occupation (m.c.) ; — khdtir-nishin sdkhtan,
To reconcile to, incline towards, impress
favourably, conciliate, dispose.

a jtU. khdtir-nigaran, Anxious.

a /j>6& jkU- khjitir-niqahdar, Who takes
care of another's soul.

a j\y jt^s- khdtir-nawdz, Affable, gra-
cious.

a LsjV/^ £J~dttr-nawdz~, Politeness.

a 5jUi. khatira, Mind, thought, design,
intention, will, resolution, purpose.

A uitU. k hat if Seizing, snatching, carry-
ing away ; a dazzling flash of lightning ; —
khdtifu zillihi, Name of a bird, that snatches
at its image in the water, also called iiw-
la'ibu zillihi (see s-^).

A '(ji^ khati', An offender, sinner ; de-
viating.

a u^iU- khdfiz, A depressor ; one of the
attributes of God (as depressing the
proud) ; a particle requiring the oblique
case.

a <UiU. k]j,djizat, A female cireumciser of
girls.

a y-s**^- khdflqain (obi. du. of khdfiq
" horizon," used as nom.), The two hori-
zons, East and West.

a ,J!n- kftafl, Occult, concealed, secret.

a khdfiyat, A secret, concealment,

secrecy ; a branch of a palm-tree near the
trunk.

qUU. jchaqan, Emperor of China or
Chinese Tartary ; an emperor, a king.

sK ^liU. khdqan-knldk, Owner of an im-
perial crown.

<jA>U. khaqdnl, Imperial; name of a
poet.

yLilSli. khaqdniydn, Emperors.
<iW J^- khdq-bdq, A slang name for the
vulva.

csJW. khak, Earth, dust, soil, mould, dirt,
ground ; country; district (in.c.) ; the earth
as element; the grave; anythiug of little
value, or useless; quiet, mild, peaceable,
obedient, submissive, humble; humility,
lowliness ; — klidk anddkhtan, To bury a
stolen object in order to avoid detection ;—
khak bd khtiti sirishtan, To make a general
massacre ; — khak bar-dwardan, To destroy ;
— khak bar lab mdlidan, To deny, to con-
ceal (proverbial phrase) ; — khak hada.n, To
be lowly and submissive ; —khdhi bimdr,
Pure gold ; — khaki hi-namus', Freedom,
immodesty, indecency; — khaki pay, The
dirt or dust of the feet; ground beat by
the feet ; (met.) poverty, indigence ; — kh<ik
•paimudan, To prostrate oneself ; — khaki
tdrik (tlra), The human body ; — khaki tang,
A grave ; — khak dar tard.zu'i base o.fgandan
(dar kdsa'i kase kardan), To abase, to revile,
to scoff at ; — kjiaki jilau-qTr, A captivating
or enchanting place ; — khaki hdsil-parwar,
Fertile ground ; — khaki khdmiish {klmshk\,
Barren ground ; — khak khwiirdani tir, The
arrow falls to the ground without hitting
the mark ; — khaki ddman-gir, Mire, adhesive
clay; a place where one tarries without a
particular motive ; — khak dar budan, To
remain in one place ; — khaki dlwdr khwur-
dan, To practise content ; — khaki zalildn,
The bod es of infidels ; — khdhi rangin,
Gold ; silver ; a bed of flowers ; man ; —
Mi.dk zadan, To sweep the ground ; — khdk-
ash ba-dahan, Be there dust in his mouth,
i.e. may he perish; — khak-ash az khuni
fvlwn bihtar ast. His little finger (lit. dust)
is worth more than such a one's whole body
(lit. blood) ; — kh.dk shuda.n,To turn to earth;
to die ; to be despised ; to be lowly and sub-
missive ; — khdhi shafd, Earth from the grave
of Ali given to sick persons as a supposed
means of recovery ; — khaki za'if, Man ; —
khaki Unat, The human body; — kjidki 'ali,
Name of a village nearKazwiu ; — khd.kifard-
moshdn, The grave ; — khaki qabr dar khtina
rekhtan, To scatter the dust from a (slain
man's) grave into the bouse (of the mar-
.derer, by way of a curse) ; — kjhdk kardan, To
bury ; — kh.dk qil kardan, To knead, to mix ; —
k/idki murdd (mvrdd-bakhi>h), A place of pil-
grimage where a wish is obtained; — khaki
murda, The ashes of a dead person ; sterile
ground ; — khaki mutabbaq (mu'allaq), The
terrestrial globe ; —khak u db. The human
body ; — khak u bad, Earth and air ; a foot-

•JU* ( 441 ) *JW>

boy ; a courier ; a slave ; obedient ;—ba-
khdk afgandan, To offend, oppress, despise ;
—ba-khdk burdan, To bear through life,
carry to one's grave ; — ba-khdk chaspdnl-
dan, To subdue, abase, degrade.

k£dkd, A plan, sketch, draft, outline.

i/^Wt khak-dludagi, Defilement with
dirt, dirtiness.

i*f\ isJLt khdk-dluda, Soiled, dirtied.
,js)U khdk-anduz, A shovel ; loop-hole ;
a sling; fringe or skirt of a tent ; a magi-
cian.

>W^s. khdk-bdz, A player at the following
game.

tjfit viJU. kjid.k-bazi, A children's game
(some object being hidden in one of many
sand-pies which is to be guessed at).

j-ij os!U. Jthak ba-dar (dirt at the door),
Grieved ; dead ; distress, poverty.

ffk^i cs!U. khdk ba-dahan, May you perish !
may you have dirt (or earth) in your
mouth ! (see khdk-ash ba-dahan under >i^).

iaiUy cs!U. khdk-bar-ddsMa, Lifted from
the mire.

j~ f. khdk bar sar (earth upon the
head), Distress, poverty ; grieved; dead.
)i isSU. khdk bar lab, Silence.
>5*i^s- khdk-bets, One who sweeps the
streets and sifts the dirt ; a large sieve for
screening gravel or lime ; one who braves
difficulties to gain his point ; quick-sighted,
discerning, intelligent.

iJF^^ khdh-bezi, Condition of a stranger ;
travel, peregrination ; street-sweeping.

khdk-pd, lsV^*- khdk-pdy,=kJidki
pa under ^\^.

isjy kfj,dk'tiida (toda), A heap of

earth ; a butt to shoot at.

usJU- khak-khueba, Name of a bird.
khdk-kkuft, Anything mal-
odorous buried in the ground ; kissing the
ground.

a ^/=SU- uslii- khdk-khalds, Metal reduced
to powder.

y^j csJW khakddn, A place where rubbish
is deposited ; also a sack in which it is
carried; the world; — khdkddni dev (gku-
riir, kuhan), The world.

J-^^- khdk-dil (earth-hearted), An unbe-
liever; ignorant; adulterous; criminal.

si } iiiU. khdk-rand, Dust.

v>; khdk-rob, A sweeper ; a broom.
khdk-roba, Sweepings ; a dunghill.

j> khdk-roba-bar, A Bweeper.

yii As^U. khdk-roba-kash, A sweeper.

jij khak-rez, The foot of a wall;
glacis, parapet, earthwork (m.c.) ; — kh.dk-
rez kardan, To throw up an earthwork, make
a glacis or parapet.

o^U- khdk-sdd, Earth-born.

^SU. khdkzhi, Name of a certain seed
used as an eye-salve.

jV_£U. khdksdr, Earth-like ; mixed with
earth, covered with dust ; base, mean, low-

born, abject ; one who sits in the shoe-
hole.

^L-^U Jchdksdri, Vile, abject ; dirtied,
overspread with dust ; humility ; meanness.

yU-^lt khdksdn, Contemptible, wretched.
SU. khdkistar, Ashes ; — k&dkietar rekh-
tan (fishdndan), To scatter ashes; — kjidkis-
tar ahudan, To be reduced to ashes ; to be
calcined.

Ojfy^te- khdkistar-giln, Ash-coloured.
^jf yS^Sy. frhakistar-guni, An ashy co-
lour.

(^A! y^U. khdkistar-nishin, Sitting in
ashes ; — khdkistar-nishin shudan, To sit in
ashes.

^^^iwiV khdkistari, Ash-coloured.

/ehdkash (Jchdk-asK), His dust (see
also khdk-aeh ba-dahan under «*!U.) ; (for
kjidk-kash) a rake, harrow.

<siA cilVi- khdk-shak, The game described
uuder v,sjVj csJU. q.y,

*s3U. khdk-shu, A person in the mint
who washes the ashes to recover any par-
ticles of bullion that may have fallen ; the
man who prepares earth for brick-making
or pottery ; a certain black grain from
which an eye-salve is prepared (see (j^*-
and j-aAs.).

khdk'Shor, One who prepares earth
or clay for building ; one who washes the
earth in which gold and silver have been
fused, to discover if any particles remain.

(j-ii^ kAdkshi, A weight for gold ; a red
bramble ; a small seed used as an eye-
salve.

a utJU vsJU khdk-sifat (earth-like),
Humble.

yii'dU. khdk-kaeh, A rake, harrow.

ij^S uslU k£dk-gina, A white mineral earth
used in smelting, refining, or casting gold
or silver,

JU csJW- khdk-mdl, Humbled ; — khdk-mdl
dddan {kardan), To humble, to humiliate.

f&dkmdti, Earthly house, the world.
csJU. khdk-nishin, Sitting on the
ground ; humble.

iiW khdk-namak, Salt soil; a salt-
mine ; the boy's game described under
csjlj q.v. _

j^i csSU. khdk-nihad, Of humble disposi-
tion; earth-born.

aSU. khdka, A plan, a sketch (see tfLi) ;
anything small or minute ; — k_h_aka'i firoza,
A valuable mineral fit for a seal-ring.

kkdkl, Earthen, terrestrial ; shame-
less, base, contemptible ; name of a tribe ;
the constellations Taurus, Virgo, and Capri-
corn (see -iiU-) ; — k£dki kardan, To surren-
der, submit ; to be unsteady.

gL^U khakiydn, Mortals, terrestrials ;
abject, destitute of all spirit or honour.

y^SU. kjidkln, Earthen.

ola> khdkl-nihdd, Of humble dispo-
sition ; earth-born.

( 442 )

c&t- khdg, An egg,

ij^lU. khdglna, A fried egg, omelet.

a M«J, A maternal uncle, mother's
brother ; a mole, freckle ; a sign, a mark ;
a standard ; a black camel ; an eatable bird
resembling a crow ; irksomeness, wearisome
importunity; a pair, couple; black; a cloud;
lightning ; a liberal man ; a man free from
the ties of lore, &c. ; free from suspicion;
weak of heart or body; soft cloth; a striped
Arabian garment ; a winding-sheet ; pride,
haughtiness ; — Mali 'asi, Sin, transgres-
sion ; punishment; — Mali nan, Seels
sprinkled upon bread ; blisters raised on a
loaf by the fire ;— khdl-hd'i shangarfi, Tears
of blood trickling down the cheek.

a jchdld, An aunt.

yjSli kfttdldwun, Name of a medicinal
seed.

a J^- J^s- Mdl-khdl, Spotted very much.

x aJU- khdlid, Eternal, perpetual.

a Mdl-ddr, Marked with moles,

spotted, speckled (m.c.).

(j^JU. khdlari, y alt- works.

a u«!Vi khdlis, Pure, unsullied ; unadul-
terated ; white ; name of a stream in the
east of Bagdad on the banka of which a
castle of the same name is situated.

a 'LiSU. khalisan, P. «iU\js- khdlisdna,
Purely, sincerely.

a ciA^U. k^ulieajdt (pi. of the follow-
ing), Domains, &c.

a kjidlisa, Pure, &c. (fern, of

khdlis) ; an office of government in which
the business of the revenue department is
transacted ; lands under government ma-
nagement.

a g5U. Mali 1 , A man or woman obtaining
a divorce by paying or renouncing the
dowry ; a very ripe date ; a camel unable
to rise, or restive when being mounted.

a <— i!V<4- khdlif, A water-drawer; lagging
behind ; wicked, perverse.

a &J^- khalifat, Avery refractory or per-
verse man ; a tent-pole.

a vJpli- khaliq, The Creator.

a <SsfiSVt i]idlioiyat, Creative power.

f$u- tc&dlum, A serpent.

khdlndk, Covered with moles;

freckled .

a y^s- Ich&lu, A maternal uncle; a trum-
pet.

yl^-J^U. khalulinjWn, Galangale.

V»j)U. khdlumd, Melilot; bugloss (see

a iJ^- Mala, A maternal aunt.

a *^ Mdla-bibi, Barley-broth.

a JU. Mall, A large carpet ; a maternal
uncle ; a garment ; arched eye-brows ; a
banner, streamer ; — Male, One mole (on
the face).

a J^s- khall, Free, vacant, void ; idle,
unemployed ; — khd.ll 'ssodr, Travelling
alone ; — khall shudan, To be free, exempt

from; to be empty, void; — khdli kardan
To evacuate ; to abandon, reject, throw
away.

£W JU. khdli-da.mdgh., Void of brain,
empty-headed.

t)^^^^- Mdlldumiyun, o^j-Vsl^- khall-
duniyun, Swallow- wort.

uXsJU. khdllg, A servant who has care of a
nobleman's table.

(M- khdm, Raw, undressed, crude ; un-
ripe, immature ; unburnt (brick) ; a badly-
executed business ; inexperienced ; a head-
stall ; a leathern garment ; wine ; the
silken cord of a musical instrument; a long
rope, a lasso ; a bungler ; a voluntary cuck-
old; a horse that has been long in the
stable ; (for M,dma) a pen ; a white reed ; —
khdm Jeardan, To cancel ; to throw aside; —
khdm giriftan, ba-tchdm giriftan {kashldan),
To sew up a person alive in the skin of an
ox or an ass ; — khdm giriftan kdr, To take
up an unfinished work.
a f^- khdmm, Putrid flesh.

khdmd'i aqti (G. xa/wuaKnj),
khamddaryue (G. \aixmZpvi),
(Or. ^ajj.atSd<f>vrj),

Dane-wort.

Germander.

(jSUUU- M^dmdzdgl
Dwarf laurel.

ybyUU. Mftmdrwdn, The Egyptian wil-
low.

SUW M\dmdld (G. x<ty*«A<ua), Mezereon.

yjSUU. khdmdldwun (G. x a /* atA « u,/ )> Me-
zereon ; chameleon.

t)^^ Mtamaliyun (G. xa^Aaia),
Daphne oleaefolia.

ij^"] [As- fchdm-dmadani, Gross receipts.

khdn-.dmilin (G. x a f- a ^M^- 0V )'

Camomile.

(j^uiUW khwmdnifis (G. x a f M " ,rl ' njs )>
The herb grouud-pine (see ^jWUS').

y^UU. khdmdwun, Mezereon.

jW**^- khdmbdz, A wide-mouthed kettle.

Sjl) j»W- khdm-pdra, A term of abuse
applied to a woman who has been cohabited
with before the age of maturity.

j,^. khdm-khoy, Unsteady, change-
able of disposition.

a JW*. khdm-Maydl, Stupid,
fli khdm-dardy, Idle talk.

cl_j khdm-dast, Raw-handed, unac-
customed to labour ; lazy, idle, barbarous,
unskilful.

i _ J i-j fU. khdm-dast'i, Dissatisfaction,

a fU. khdm-rdy, Wanting in intellect.

tj^.j fU. Mdm-rlsh, A buffoon

drum.

A cr-"'

p*± khdm-ro'ma, Parchment of a

W. khdmis, The fifth.
a "t—Ai. Mdmisan, Fifthly,
place.

in the fifth

r

(.U Mam- sar, Hare-brained.

jj— Mam-soz, A raw hide ; the leather
covering a saddle ; a pancake, or any-

tiling similar roasted on the coals, or on
an iron plate ; meat roasted black ; half-
roasted.

us)j— *V^. hhamsuh, cs^_-»U- khdmsug, Un-
leavened bread.

<j^»U- khammh, Silent ; discreet ; tame ;
dead ; extinguished.

yj* 1 /*^" khdm-shob, Half -washed, rinsed.

t±M\±. khjimieha, Fumitory.

^•r"^ Jehdmushi, Silence, taciturnity.

a £»W ,.U khdm-tab', Foolish, dull.

a ^f^e fU. kha-m-tab'i, Ignorance, raw-
ness.

o g*t khdm-tama' , Of vain desires.
a L3 **!s pli khdm-tam'i, Vain desires,
a j^ac ^If. khdm-'aqU, Folly, imbecility.
;^U. khdm-kdr, Unskilful, inexperienced.
^ylWt. khdm-kdrl, Awkwardness, raw-
ness.

Jshdmagak, A little pen.
fchdwi-go, <_s^SL«W khdm-goy, Eude of

speech.

a J<Ai Jchdmil, Mean, obscure, unknown.
t£y khum-nosh, A drinker of new
wine.

J*f\±. kkdmosh, Silent, dumb ; discreet ;
silence ; extinguished ; dead ; a disease in
horses ; hush ! — khdmosh budan (shudan,
gashtan) , To be silent, to keep silence; to
be extinguished ; — kjtdmosh kardan, To
silence; to keep silence; to extinguish; —
kh&tnoshdnidan, To cause to keep silence,
&c. (caus. of khamoshidari).

^jl&.j-W. khdmosh-kart, Keeping silent,
silence.

^^•U. JchamosM, Taciturnity, silence.

yXAyli khamoshidan, To keep silence ;
to be modest ; to pacify ; to be wrinkled ;
to be wearied ; to wind about.

Jyij f\& khdm-wusiil, Gross produce.

k*^- khdma, A pen ; writing-reed ; a
heap of sand ; a heap ; a flagon with a long
neck; a tent made of goat's hair; any-
thing of one colour ; — khdma'i azal, The pen
of the divine decrees ; — khdma'i taswir
{moy), A painter's brush; — khdma, mdan,
To cut or mend a pen ; — khdma'i zarin, A
golden pen ; letters illuminated with gold ;
— kjtdma'i sihr-saz, An enchanting pen ; —
itama'i gauhar-nisdr, A pearl-scattering
pen, i.e. an elegant writer.

CjUit <<uU. khdma-afshdn. A gilt pen.

yL^j. 4*»U- khama-jumb&n, A writer, a
scribe.

(jjta <uU. khdrnaddn, A pen-case.
^Jlj <u\&. khama-rani, Quill-driving, wri-
ting.

0) khdma-mn, A bit of wood or horn
for nibbing pens on.

tjii' (UU- khdma-kash, Pen-drawing ; obli-
terating.

iuU. khdma-guzdr, Anything written
or painted.

fshdmi, Rawness, immaturity ; loss ;

443 ) ^U.

I a noose; a toil for ensnaring game ; aheap
| of sand.

_)W"^s- khdmydz, £jW*U- kh&mydza, Gaping,
j**^- ihdmiz, Broth strained and left to
become jelly.

O^- khan, The title of the kings of Khata
and Tartary ; a prince, nobleman, lord ; a
Persian satrap ; at present a title given to
almost every officer, and no longer of much
value; [khdni khdndn. Lord of Lords,
khdqdn ; title of the grand wizir j — khdni
dih, A judge of a village or small town ;] —
(for ]chdna) a house ; a hive ; a family,
domestics, furniture, anything belonging
to a house ; an inn, a caravanserai ; a shop ;
an exchange, market, or other meeting-
place of merchants ; a station ; [Jdiani
barah, The sign Aries ; — khdni kharak, A
halting-place for a caravan ; — khdni dil,
The Ka'ba ;] — (for khwdri) a sort of tray
or table.

sj\iU kjidndda, (in Giiau) An officer who
communicates the orders of the general to
the army.

5*^- fchdnj, A hole into which boys throw
nuts.

khdncha, A small house or palace ;
a small inn ; a painted tray.

khwn-ddv, Rifled (ui.c).
m^U. khdn-ddri, = <4}\j <u^- q.v.
y\^iW khdnaddn, A family ; house j
household ; the court, king's household ;
of noble blood ; the master of a family ; —
khdnaddni nuhuwat, The depository of the
prophetical office.

ij^iHV, khdndes, A province in the
Dakhan.

sotyU khdn-zada, A prince, a princess.
jSLJU khdn-sdldr, A taster of provisions,
,yUL»>U. khdn-sdman, A house-steward,
whose business is to furnish and regulate
the table of the great ; rich, wealthy.

^Uli khan-sdmdni, The department
which generally includes every household
expense.

a fita- khdni', Suspected; suspicious ;
wicked, perverse.

jjAfls. khdn-gkard, 3^ 0^ khan-gkarda,
A summer-house.

a khdnaqdh, M5^- khdnaqah, for P.
S\&U. khdnaqah,, khdnaqah, q.v. ; —

khdnaqdhi bald, Heaven.

khdnqu, The city of Canton.
khdnagdh (JchangdK), a&U- khdna-
qah (khdn-gah), A monastery for Sofia or
Darwishes; a convent, chapel; a hospice ;
— Jchnna-gdhi kamdn, The curved parts of
the bow. '

^£>U- khdnagi, Belonging to the house,
domestic; ho me- baked bread; a kind of
cake ; a hen ; a sparrow ; a prostitute.
J*!* khanagl-mahal, A brothel.

khdnani, khdnum, A lady (placed
after the proper name).

( 444 )

yUlU. khdnmdn, Jchanumdn, y^* ) o^*"
khan % man, A house and its belongings,
household furniture; a domestic animal;
riches, and especially hereditary posses-
sions, movable and real ; family, domes-
tics ; — khan u man bar sari chize nihddan,
To squander one's possessions; — az khdn-
man bar-kandan, To eradicate, to tear up
from house and home.

khdnwdda, khdnuwdda, A family,
house; a great tribe, an illustrious family;
noble, of an ancient family ; the mistress
of a family,

khdnwdr, A family ; a house.
khdna, A house, dwelling, habita-
tion ; a tent, pavilion ; a receptacle ; a
drawer, partition, compartment ; depart-
ment ; the arm from the shoulder to the
elbow ; a field ; a woman ; a page of letter-
paper ; a heap of corn ; a hillock of sand
verse, poetry ; — khana' 'i dfat-ree, The world

— Jchdna'i du>ang-angur, A place for sus>
pending grapes ; (met.) appearance of a
thing where it is not expected ; — khana' i
ayina, A house or apartment adorned with
mirrors ; — khdna'i bad (bdd-glr), An airy
house ; the signs Gemini, Libra, and Aqua-
rius (see iiU*) ; — khdna'i bd zamin yaki
shudan, The house is razed to the ground ;- -
khdna'i bar khuros bar-kardan (bd khuros
kar dan), khana bar~anddkhtan (pdk Jcardan),
To devastate the house ; — khdna bar-dash-
iani (burdani) kamdn, The bow is being
bent ; — khdna burdan (buridan), To plunder
the house; — khdna'i past, Nether world; —
khdna'i tardzit, The sign Libra ; — khdna'i
t.hashm, The socket of the eye; — khdna'i
knilddy. The house of God, i.e. the Ka'ba
or temple at Mecca ; — khdna'i kjiirs, A
bear-house ; (met.) appearance of a thing
where it is not expected; — khdna'i dar-
gashta, A ruined house ; — khdna-rd ruft u
rob kardan, To devastate the house ; — khd-
na'i rdstdn, The Ka'ba; — khdna roshan
kardan, To come to a conclusion ; — khdna
rekhtan, To cause a house to sink ; — khd-
na'i zakhm, The seat of a wound ; — khdna'i
zar, The sun ; the fourth heaven ; the sign
Leo ; — khdna'i zartn, The sun ; the stars ;
the eighth heaven ; — khdna'i zamin-kand, A
subterraneous excavation wherein men shel-
ter themselves ; — khdna'i zumbur, A bee-
hive ; — khdna'i zinjir, The place where a
chain or fetter is put ; — khdna'i zin, The
seat of a saddle ; — khdna'i zin tahl (khdli)
kardan, To unhorse, to unseat; — khdna'i
siijdh shudan, The house becomes black ;
(met.) there is mourning ; — khdna'i siydh
kardan, To devastate or desolate a house ;

— khdna'i sail-rez, A tavern ; wine ; —
khdna'i sha&h-dar (six-doored house), the
world ; — khdna'i shatranj, The square of a
chess-board; — khdna'i shir, The breast;
the udder — khdna'i sher, The sign Leo ; —

khdna'i tumbur. The body of a guitar; —
khdna'i 'anqd, Name of a note in music;
— khdna'i 'ankabut, A spider's web ; —
khdna'i gfaul, The world; — khdna'i tarda.
The future world; — khdna'i qalam (kilk),
The nib of a pen ; — khdna kardan (sdkh-
tan, To build a house, to fit it out ; to settle
in a place; — khana kardani kamdn, The
bow is being bent; — khdna'i kamdn, The
curved parts of the bow between the handle
and the ends (the upper being called
khdna'i bald, and the lower khdna'i shibin) ;
— khdna gardidan, The house is being
restored, renovated ; — khdna nishastan, The
house sinks, gets fissures, falls in ; — khdna'i
nard, A point of the table in the game of
nard ; — khdna'i murgh, A bird's nest ; —
khdna'i nuh-dar (nine-doored house), The
world; the human body; — khdna'i nai-
shakar, A joint of the sugar-cane ; — afar
khdna. In the house, at home.

W^- khdna-hd (pi. of khdna), Houses ;
the squares of a chess-board.

uW khdna-dbdd, Flourish your house!
the Ka'ba.

^\J\ uU. khdna-drdy, House-adorning.
&>\± khdna-bdz, One who stakes his

all.

kjiana-bdf, Home-woven.
4iU khdna ba-dosh, A traveller, pil-
grim, gipsy (whose house is on his shoul-
der) ; a snail ; perplexed, ignorant.

jj iiU kjidna-bar-anddz, A traveller;
a wandering monk ; a prodigal, spendthrift ;
a beloved object,

f**J* 43 ^ Midna-bar-ham-xan, A prodi-
gal, a spendthrift.

Jiji* khana-bizdr, Who does not care
for home.

u\± khdna-parddx, Attending to
household matters, a servant ; a spend-
thrift.

<^ J ji a ^ khdna-parddzl. Domestic eco-
nomy, attention to household matters.

}))% <u ^ 5 " khdna-parwar, Brought up at
home.

Ojyj liU. khdna-parward, Brought up in
the house; cade, cosset.

k^U iiU. kh_dna-tdb, Lighting up the
house (candle).

is&X). aW khdna-jang, Quarrelsome, ready
to wrangle and fight about any trifle.

^ti^ &>U. khdna-jangi, Civil war ; bicker-
ing.

iOU, wU. khdna-khdna, Cellular.

Ua- khdna-khudd. Master of the
house ; an oratory.

^j\y!- iSiVi. khdna-khardb, Vain, empty,
lying; a scamp, good-for-nothing fellow
(m.c).

s^ji- diU. Mdna-khwdh, A man with whom
or a house in which one expects a hospit-
able reception.

>:*• Ich&na-hhet, What comes
from a house.

l&ana-dar, Frugal, economical ; a
house-keeper ; the lady of the house ; a
possessor of wealth; rifled (gun, m.c).
uii. khdna-ddrl, Housekeeping.
•jUW iili k&dna-d&mdd, A domesticated
son-in-law.

khdnadan, A great tribe, family.
y**o a*U. khana-dnshman, Averse to
home.

«~ .}•> AiU. kficina-dogt, Fond of home (a
term of abuse).

i£-Jji> ajU. khana-daulat, A mount (beast
for riding).

ij*) iiU. khdna-ras, Unripe fruit falling
from the branch, and coming to maturity
in-doorB.

tjyy^ khdna-ramida, Homeless.

4JU. kkana-roba, Sweepings of a

house.

•ty khdna-zdd, Born in the family ;
the child of a slave.

■ ir . wU. khdna-soz, Disgracing one's
family.

&sU. khana-eiydh. = Sr^/- q.v.

(jyU* uU. khdna-shumdri, House-count-
ing ; a house-tax.

,_£yJ ajU. khdna-farosh, Renouncing the
world, solitary ; — kh dna- faroehdn, (pi.)
Pure, devout ; hermits ; loose, abandoned
fellows who frequent taverns and stews.

^jji u\i. Jchdna-faroshi. Showing off
oue'B house and belongings, ostentation,
pomp.

**U. khana-Jcan. Spendthrift ; pru-
dent; a beardless and grasping youth who
trades on his beauty.

u\± ihdna-tfir, Possessing a house ;
the fourth of the seven rounds of the game
of nard(the first being fdrd ; second, ziydd ;
third, ntdra ; fourth, Jchdna-gir ; fifth, ta-
wil; sixth, hazdrdn ; seventh, mansUba).

^Aqfi «U- khdna-nigahddr,=^ Wli q.y.
<uU- khana-wdda, Race, dynasty ; —
kh&na-wdda'i saltanat. The reigning house ;
princes of the blood (Bee sjtyU.).

j\j *>U. khdna-wdr, A family ; a house.

ts^?. <uu. khdna-yaki, A dweller in the same
house, a companion.

(j 1 ^- khani, A fountain, pure water ; a
vessel wherein they cool water ; a bath ;
gold ; imperial rank, khanship ; name of
Humay, daughter of Dara ; name of a coin
current in Turkistan,

khaniyat, The rank of a khan,

*^«tiV*. khdnicha, A small fountain or cis-
tern.

khdv, Pile of velvet ; down, soft hair,
j}^- hhawar, The west, but often used by
the poets for the east ; the sun ; a thorn.

hhdwardn, East and west ; a dis-
trict in Khuriisan, birth-place of the poet
Anwar.

( 445 ) ^

forth khdrwar-khuda, _,.\<s. k£dwwr-

khuddy, Lord of the East (a title of Salm,
son of Faridun).

pa. )} \&. khdwar-khidev, Lord of the West
(applied to Sikandar).

khdwarr, Wes
surname of the poet Anwari.

the

khdwmh, A cucumber kept for
seed.

JjU- khdwul, A biting ant.

yl^Jj^t khdwalinjdn, Galangale.

JjjVi khdwand, A master; superior; the
west ; definite ; the ninth sphere.
jvfjjjU hhawandaqdr, A lord, a master.

^oijVi khdwandi, Taste ; western ; mas-
tery, dominion ; protection ; favour, kind-
ness.

khawl, Flavour; delight.

a iS^~ khdvn 'Ubatn, Empty-bellied.

a hjU- khdwiyat, Empty, fallen down
(house); deserted (country).

yfcU. khdhar (for khyidhar) , A sister.

Jchdy (imp. of Mid'idan), Chew, bite,
taste thou ; (in compos.) chewing, gnaw-
ing, biting ; pleasure, anything grateful
to the sense ; ground dug up, or trenched ;
low-lying land ; (for hh&ya) an egg, &c.
(see *?>-).

a s-ft*- Md'ib, Unsuccessful ; impove-
rished ; disappointed, frustrated.

&s~»^ khdyista, Masticated ; divulged ;
absurdity.

isX~jli khdyish, A smith's hammer ; mal-
leable ; (in Zand and Pazand) a prison.

a y4f^- khd'iz, One who enters, fords,
wades ; diving into.

a t-ifU. Mid'if, Timid, pusillanimous ;
fearful.

khdyak, *iXjU khdyag, A locust.

<u,(£>li khdygma, A fried egg.

a (^jU. khd'in, A deceiver, traitor, rebel ;
faithless ; — khd'ini nan u namak, A bread
and salt traitor, a domestic villain who
betrays his master.

ajuiU. khdyanda, A masticator.

a kha'inl, Treachery.

<*jU. khdya, An egg ; a testicle ; a eunuch ;
— khdya'i iblis, Name of a certain stone ; a
rogue; — khdya'i ear, The sun; — khdya'i
sag, Testicles of the beaver ; castor ; —
khdya'i ghuldmdn, A sort of grape ; — khd-
ya kardan, To lay eggs ; — khdya guzdshtan
(nihddan), To lay eggs ; (met.) to blush,
to be ashamed or repentant ; to fear ; to
commit a shameful act ; — khdya'i murgjt,
An egg.

iite. khdya-bardar, A cringer.

ij^jj ajU. khaya-des, A mushroom.

■fo &Ai. kjidya-rez, A fried egg, omelet.

i^iS iiU khdya-kasMda, Castrated.

khdya-kun, (A hen) laying eggs.

sjo£ &>U. khdya-kanda, A eunuch.

csJjJ'AjU. khdya-gazalc, A spider-like in-
sect said to kill by its saliva; an insect

^ ( 446 )

adhering to the testicles of animals and
sucking the blood from them.

2$ Jchaya-gir. Venomous sort of
spider.

*a*S" kJs,dya-gina, Fried egg, omelet,
gjl^ &>U. khdya-nihddan, Shameful
crime.

^jjAuJU- khd'idagi, A chewing, a masti-
cating.

<a*4i^ khaldan, khayldan, To chew,
gnaw ; to eat ; — ligam kha'idan, To be res-
tive, to resist, to disobey.

s^.^ kjid'ida, Chewed, gnawed.

s-^- khab, Cold, frost, an icicle ; (for
Map) silent ; hush ! (for khapa) strangu-
lation, suffocation; — khub (for Mum), A
jar, &c. (unsupported by examples).

A v*s- kjtdbb (v.n.), " Ambling; flight,
absconding ; a low hillock of sand ; — khabb,
kjiibb, A deceiver, a fraudulent man.

a "Vs. Idiibd', khab', Concealment ; con-
cealed ; rain ; a plant ; — khiba, A tent.

A ^L<s- yd) kjiabdsi, O infamous (wo-
man) i

A kjiabdsat, Wickedness, depravity.

khubad* A broom-stick.
A jW*- khabdr, Soft ground full of (mice-)
holes.

a «A*s- khabdr a, Quick, active, intelligent.
a }W- khabbdz, A baker ; — khubbdz, Mal-
lows.

A SjW*- khibdzat, Trade of a baker,
baking.

a (4)W^- khubdzl, Mallows j — kjiabbdzl,
Baking, business of a baker.

a Ul<s- khibat, A mark branded on the
thigh of a camel ; — khvbdt, Madness.

cii^*. khahdk (khibak, Mmbdh), JW*- Mi-
&d£, Four roofless walls used as a stable or
fold for cattle ; the precincts of a mosque ;
strangulation, suffocation.

a jWi khabdl, Destruction, going astray ;
fatigue, trouble; deadly poison; putrid
matter flowing from the damned ; name
of a horse.

yjuilfi. khab&nidan, To make trample on.

a ctJl-i khabd'is (pi. of kJiabisat), Im-
purities, wicked things, vices, depravities.

(jjAjflfi. khabd'idan, To chew, gnaw, bite.

a s-^s- khabab (v.n.), Ambling ; standing
with one foot alternately up; lifting up
hiB right legs and left legs together (a
horse) .

a khabas (v.n.), Being impure ;

nastiness, impurity ; dross ; — khubs, Im-
purity ; malice, malevolence ; — Jchubas,
Impure ; — Jc^ubus (pi. of khabis), Impure.

a <±~^- khubs-chashm, A»Ju»- ti-ji.

kkubs-hadaqa. Cursing or inveighing
against by a wink of the eye or eye-brow.

A*?**- khabja, Tamarind ; Indian date.

a >*a khabar (v,n.), News, information,
advices, intelligence ; notification, an-
nouncement ; report, rumour, fame ; story,

account ; [khabar az zabdni kase sdkhtan,
To father a speech, news, <fcc. upon ; — kha-
bari khizari, Report, sudden news, guess-
ing what is to happen (as prompted or
set afloat by the prophet KhAzr or Khizav,
a skilful diviner) ; — khabar giriftan, To
get information ; to inquire after one's
health {az) ; (in the language of the
Sodomites) to commit pederasty ; — khabar
garm shud, The news or report has been
spread. The word is also construed with
uftadan, dmadan, b&khtan, burdan, dildan,
ddshtan, shudan, firistddan, kardan, guftan,
&c.~\ — khabr, kklbr, A large bag or wallet ;
a camel yielding much milk ; — khubr,
Knowing ; trying.

a 8j}> khabar-pizhuh, "Who searches
for information, an explorer, investigator,

a khibrat, Experience, experiment,
trial, proof ; — khubrat, The knowledge of
a thing; a portion or ration of meat, &c.

a f*j**- khabar-jo, = q.v.

a fij khabar-ddr, Informed, apprised,
certified; aware; careful, cautious ; an in-
foimer, scout, spy ; take care 1 beware I—
khabar-ddr shudan, To be conscious, to
have intelligence ; to be aware of ; — khabar-
ddr kardan, To inform, give intelligence,
assure ; to caution.

a (jjWj*^ khabar-ddrl, Care; information.

a y«U*< j+s- khabar-ahinda. Aware of ; in-
formed; cautious, circumspect ; a spy.

a^j^- khabar-glr, Taking cognizance,
attentive ; a spy, informer ; a protector,
patron.

a (j^jf p± khabar-glrl, Spying, informing ;
attention ; aiding, protecting ; allowance,
maintenance, establishment.

a (j-?.)* r*** khabar-nawia, A news-writer.

a Hp*- khabra, Solid, firm, twisted ; — kha-
bra, khibra, Reckoning ; weighing.

a khibra-ndma, A mariner's

compass ; a sun-dial.

a (jj-i- kjyxbarl, An historian •, predica-
tory,

A^i khflbz (v.n.), Baking; giving bread
to eat ; pawing the earth (a camel) ; urging,
driving vehemently ; — khubz, Bread,

jj^fi khabazdo, khabazdok,
khabazda. A beetle ; a seolopendra ; accord-
ing to others, = yti&i^- q.v.

a (ja*<s- khabs, Mixing ; preparing the
dish khabis.

W>- khabt, The head of the ostrich ; a
flock of ostriches (doubtful word).

a^ kjiabt (v.n.), Pawing the ground
with the fore-foot (a camel) ; striking the
leaves off (a tree) with a stick ; conferring
a favour without claim or previous acquain-
tance ; marking a camel on the thigh ; lay-
ing hand on anybody ; hurtiug, inflicting
madness (Satan) ; — kjmbat, A leaf, shaken
from a tree.

U^s, ( 447

a (Jt*- khabtl, Mad, insane, crazy.
a 5^- (v.n.), Concealing, abiding,

entering.

•^t*- kJtabak, Strangulation, suffocation.
khabkdl, khibkdl, J^a. khabgdl,
khibgdl. Butt for archers ; hole.

i J* 4 - Ma&£ (v.n.), Mutilating (the
body) ; amputation of the hands or feet ; an
affection of the limbs ; preventing, hinder-
ing ; lending ; borrowing ; anything given
(to a porter) over and above the sum stipu-
lated ; suppression of the second and fourth
letters of a foot when both are quiescent ;
—hAubl, khabal, Demoniacal madness; a
disease in the legs of quadrupeds ; a cer-
tain bird which seems to vociferate all
night the words matat kAabal, " Khabal is
dead "; musk.

a U* 4 - khabn, Doubling up and sowing
part (of a garment) to shorten it ; laying up
a store of provisions against scarce times ;
suppression of the second letter of a foot if
it is quiescent.

i&abura, and —

dy?!~ k/iabvk, kjiabuh, khabwa, kjiub-
wa, Firm.

kjiaba, Strangulation, suffocation ; a
difficulty in breathing ; a sob ; strangled,
suffocated ; — khaba kardan, To strangle,
suffocate.

a "(j+i khabi', Hidden, concealed.

a s-j.- a khubaib, Name of a companion
of Muhammad.

a khabis. Impure, wicked, perverse.

a uaVle-i. khabisat (pi. fein. of the pre-
ceding), Impure things, impurities.

a (ji*^ khablsi, Impurity ; a malignant
woman.

0-^**- khabidan, To chew ; to trample
upon, beat or wear with the feet; to be
crooked ; to grow old or inveterate ; to
Beize, snatch ; to roast, boil, fry ; to break ;
to abscond ; to retire ; to strangle (seve-
ral of these meanings are doubtful).

'•V^ kjiabida, Crooked ; strangled ; lying
down, sleeping (unsupported) ; — khubida,
Name of a thorny plant.

khttblr, khibyar, Weighed ; counted ;
prepared ; twisted.

a^** 5 - ihabir, Knowing, acquainted with,
informed ; a farmer, a tiller of the ground ;
a plant, grass, herbage ; the foam of a
camel's mouth.

kjiabera, Sum total ; arranged ;
twisted; a sand-hill; — khabera shudan, To
arm oneself ; to muster.

ytr**- kkubbah, Mallows.

hhfl biza, Ivy; a winding, twisting;
coiled together ; — khablza shudan, To arm
oneself.

a (js***- khabis, Dates cooked with flour
and butter.

kJiubin, A wooden dish (see o*^).

) ^

^J**** khabyura, and —

khablwa, A sum total ; a sand-hill.
V s - khap, Silent ; hush !
"j^*- khapdra, Active, nimble, dexterous.

khapak, A fold for cattle.
^j^- kjiapcha, khipoha, A straight
branch.

"E^y*- khapak, A large loaf; strangulation j
vexation.

khapa, Strangulation, suffocation ; —
khapa kardan, To strangle, to suffocate.
0)**$^ k&a-pidan, To be crooked,
is^^i khapida, Bent,
ca-i- Jchit, Eunning, a run; splendour.
a V kfiat', A hindering, keeping back.
V^i khatd. Name of a city in China.
; b<s- khatdr, khutar, Weeding (a garden).
Ajbs- khattar, A great deceiver, arrant
knave.

A p\z± khatam-, Wax or clay with which
anything is sealed.

a yVai- khitdn, A convivial meeting on
account of a circumcision ; circumcision; the
place where the circumcision is effected ;
— khattan, A circumciser.

a &Ui kMtanat, Circumcision.
a ^Vsi. khattdni, Business of a circum-
ciser.

a y*- khatr, Deceit, fraud, perfidy.
a jjja- kjiutraq, Wormwood of Pontus.
a that', Travelling in company ;
making haste ; fleeing,
^jixi. khatafraj, Purslain.
uiIjb. khatak (?), A daily allowance, sup-
plied by the people to the governor's table.

Jat khatl, Name of a district in Badakh-
shan whence excellent horses are procured ;
seed of fleawort. (See the following.)

A Jja- khatl, <y2U"- khataldn (v.n. of J-**-),
Deceiving, circumventing ; seizing by stra-
tagem (as the wolf his prey) ; — khitl, A
covering ; the form or lurking-place of a
hare ; — khuttal, A city in Transoxania.
ylba. khatlan, A district in Badakhshan.
^jku. khatldnl, Belonging to Khatlfin ;
an excellent horse bred there.

a kjtatli, A horse bred in Khatl; de-
ceiving, fraudulent.

a fbyt- ^jlas- khatli-khdrdm, Prancing like
a KhatH horse.

a ^ khattn (v.n.), Sealing ; concluding,
finishing; reading the entire Qur'an.

a uaL^si khatamat (pi. of khatam), Ter-
minations, ends ; — khatamati qur'an, Reci-
tations of the whole Qur'an (for the souls
of the dead, or in any other act of devo-
tion).

a j\i khatm-kdr. Issue, termination,
final result.
a tuns* khatmat, An epilogue.
a ^**t- kjiatme, A recitation of the whole
Qur'an.

a khatn (v.n.), Circumcising (a

male child).

( 448 )

C)*s- khutan, Tartary ; also a certain dis-
trict of that country celebrated for its
mask ; the capital of Tartary.

khaiambar, A miser who complains
of poverty ; a trifling vain fellow, who
boasts of wealth and affects distinctions
which he has not,

a i«i khvinai, khutna, Circumcision ;
circumcision fees ; — kh.utna kardan, To cir-
cumcise ; — kkutna na-karda, Uncircu in-
cised.

yfc- khuta. The horn of a Chinese bovine
animal ; the horn of a rhinoceros ; the
tooth or bone of a viper; a Chinese bird,
of whose bones they make handles to
knives, which, being dipped into any vic-
tuals suspected to be poisoned, are said
to have the virtue of immediately discover-
ing it; (for khatur) a reed (doubtful).

khatwana, Garb of a religious

beggar.

khatur. A reed, a cane (unsupported
by examples).

A or*" kkuiun, iijsi. fehutunat, Relation-
ship on the wife's side.

*j«*s- khatlra, A shepherd's double scrip.

a ,*&s- khasam. Thickness of the nose.

a ijjit- khusurat, Thickening (of water) ;
curdling (of milk) ; remaining with one's
tribe.

a t^A*- khasy, Dunging (an ox or ele-
phant) ; — kMsy, Dung.

E 4 - khaj (imp. of a****- q.v.), Try, strive,
make an effort; assemble, meet; endea-
vour, effort (Doubtful word).
A *tif~ hhaf, Striking; lying with.
*jl<*-5- khajdra, iehujdra, A little ; weak ;
buffoonery.

a flt^s. kjiijdlat (v,n. of J*-*-), Being
ashamed, confounded ; shame, bashf ulness,
modesty ; — kjiijdlat kashtdan, To bo
ashamed (m.c).
6)>»tfH*i khijalidan, To embrace, encircle.
jW-*- khujav, A voice, a sound.
•-=-~<*4- khajt, khujt, Concupiscence,

khajaj, A bird's crop.
B*^- khajch, kjvwjch,, A swelling in the
throat (see (_£**-).

E<s- kkaj Jchaj, = gA- q.v., but more em-
pbatical (doubtful).

a ^jAjj^i. khujd&sh, A fellow-servant
(from P. js>\s A».\ji q.v.).

«~~^<s- khujast, Name of a musical
note ; = — ^a- q,v.

k&wja&tagi, Auspiciousness.

khujaeta, Happy, fortunate, au-
spicious, blessed ; a flower yellow without
and black within ; a woman's name.

jX&.\ &s.~e;4. kJiujasta-akMar, Happy-
starred.

^ Ax—^i. k£ujasta-pai, Happy arrival ;
fortunate.

a ^ to khujasta-ray, Name of a

vazir.

a tji~4~ khujusia^tali' , Happy-starred

a kkujagta-farjdm, Having a

happy conclusion ; happily-terminating,
ending well.

khajsh, A swelling in the throat.
kjiajak, A hole made with the point
of the finger or a stick ; a pearl in the eye ;
a dot, speck, or spot ; a flea-bite.

khajak-ddr, Spotted, speckled.

a J^s- khajal (v.n ), Being modest, bash-
ful, ashamed; being confounded, silent;
rejoicing; getting into the mud (a camel) ;
being over-loaded ; growing long and luxu-
riantly (a plant) ; being intricate and per-
plexing (an affair) ; being insolent, purae-
proud, or avaricious ; languor, torpor,
laziness ; corruption, perversion ; a number
of slits in the lower part of a shirt ; — kfia-
jil, Modest, bashful; (a valley) luxuriant
with herbage; worn out (garment) when
long and wide ; long (grass).
khajlat, Bashfulness.

a JSjj ut-lis&- khajlat-zada, Shame-stricken.

a u" d-l^jj. kjtajlat-kash, Very bashful.

a ^ vs-i^ khajlat-gari, Shame, bash-
fulness.

a *is)Lf ctJ^s. khajlat-ndk, Bashful.

a khajli, khajiliyat, Shame,

shamefacedness.

-w^hs- khujand, Mallows ; fortunate ;
name of a town in Turkistiin, birthplace of
the poet Kanial Khujandi.

yips- khuju, A lark.

j*~ khajur-mghd, Name of a place
difficult to pass ; name of the ruler of a
province of Azirbaijiin ; the penis.

ihijaula, A blister on hand or

foot.

0.1*3}!^ khijulidan, To embrace.

yjL,^ khajidan. To try, strive, make an
effort; to assemble, to meet.

j-^s- khijir, khujir, Handsome, comely.

Jj£^5- kbaehkfil, A beggar.

ir~ kjuikh-khakh, Study, labour, or
endeavour thou ; well done ! bravo ! a
pulsation (see £■*-).

a ^ hAadd (v.n.), Cutting furrows,
trenching; the cheek; a road; a furrow
in the ground.

khuda (from kAy>ud=sel£, and dy=
coming; according to others related to S.
8va-datta= self-given, i.e. self-created) , God ;
master, owner ; — khvdd bar-ddrad, God
takes away, i.e. causes to die ; — khuda.
jawab dihad, God will give an answer, a
formula of imprecation, if objectionable
questions are raised ; — khuda khuda ddeh-
tan (kardan), To take refuge with God; —
Jchudd-rd dost middrt, May God befriend
you ! (a form of administering an oath) ;
—khuda na-kunad, God forbid ! (m.c.) ;—
ba-khudd, By God ! for God's sake (m.c.) ;
— ba-khudd ki, God is my witness that
(m.c.) ;-~tu-rd ba-kjiuda, I implore you for

( 449 )

God's sake (m.c.) ;— tu u Mudd, Thou and
God (i.e. may be face to face, form of ad-
ministering an oath) ;~huzrat khudd'i bi-
»awdl, The Almighty God without end.

^V 1 ^ ii^Ad-afrld, God-created.

^ khudd-dfrm, The Lord Creator.

i\£S, khuda-dgdh, Knowing God.

•ijt ^ khwdd-bwrd, Whither bound ?

saaj lji khvdd-banda, Name of the Per-
sian king Muhammad Sikandar Shah,
father of 'Abbas the Great.

I**- Jehuda.~Mn, One who always keeps
God in view, pious.

( _ s ^ \m. khudd-blni, Piety.

(j* - ^?. khudd-jiaraiiif, Divine worship.
Ias. khudd-pagand, Pleasing to God ;
a good action.

u-y \as- khuda-tars, God-fearing, godly.

a khaddj, Miscarrying; imperfect
(work or prayer).

ft- khudd-jo, khudd-joy, Seeking God.

wU. \as- khudd-hdfiz, God preserve yo\i !
adieu, good-bye ; — khudd-hdfiz leardan, To
take leave, to eay good-bye (m.c).

kftudd-khwdn, The fore-finger
(because tbey hold it up when confessing'
their faith).

a Midad, A mark burnt on the
cheek; (pi. of kjiadd) furrows, trenches.

->ta \«va. kkudd-ddd (Deodatus), granted by
God ; a proper name ; name of the state
governed by Tippoo Sultan, the notorious
sovereign of Mysore ; name of the founder
of a sect.

^iU \ khudd-ddnl, Knowledge of God.
ylj^j (as. Jchvdd-dur&ri, Those remote from
God, the impious.

kjtuddra, For God's sake; by God!
jL,^ jus. Jehudd-gds:, Created or made by God.
(j«U«i Us. khudd-shinds, God -knowing.
a Jchidd.' (v.n, 3 of £^), Deceiving ;
— hhaddd', A great impostor ; changeable ;
defective ; uncurrent (coin).

yUyi jckudd-faroshan. Hypocrites ;
those who arrogated divine power, as Pha-
raoh, Shaddad, Ac.

^-S \ khudd-glr, Overtaken by the wrath
of God ; afflicted with a sudden calamity .

a khudddm (pi. of kk&diin). Ser-
vants, domestics, ministers.

• khudd-tnashrab. Pious, godly.

u*j> Is \ jus- k^udd-na-tars, Who has no fear
of God, impious.

a-J^ kjiudd no-khwdita. God for-
bid !

^■a- khuddwdn. The fore-finger.

jjW khuddwar, Lord, possessor, prince.
khuddwand, A king, prince; a
lord, master; a possessor, man of great
authority ; — khuddvxindi jihdn, Lord of the
world ; — khudawandi khana, The master of
the house ; — khudawandi rozgar, A power-
ful man, a prince ; — khudawandi tang,
Who acts with deliberation, prudent ; —

khudawandi 'dlam, The Lord of the world ;
khudawandi mdl, Possessor of riches ; —
khudawandi ni'mat (lit. Beneficent master),
A form of address to superiors ; rich,

j)j M^a. khuddwand- tad, A prince.

i^£S Jij\J-s- khuddwand-kueh. Who slays
his master.

j\S ju-jus. Jihuddwand-gdr, Creator of the
world ; the Lord, author and perfecter of
everything; a king, a great man,

jj^A£. kjiuddwand-gan, A sove-
reignty, principality ; royal, regal, impe-
rial, princely.

^a>^j«s. kJiitddwandi, Ownership, lord-
ship.

a khu&d-himTriaii, Religious zeal.

^jii- khud-dy (self-existent), God.

Vj\jus- khuddyd, O God !

f jt khuddy bar iu, A form of admi-
nistering an oath.

a jtjlU^lAs. jthuddy ta'dld. Most high
God.

t&uddy-rd, =s q.v.
a kkadd'i' (pi. of khadi'at). Frauds,
deceitB.

(j\Sii\ jui. Jchud&y-giin. A great lord ;
happy.

^iS^W kjiuddy-gam, Great, lordly.

^J\m- k&udd'i, Godship, divinity; divine;
an object of worship ; the honour due to
God.

khudd'iydn, Followers of Khuda-

dad.

a ft*) J^-^ khudd'i rahm, A kind of food
given to the poor in fulfilment of a vow.

yUjjji (jfl-ii khudd't-faroskdn, Hypocrites;
arrogarors of divine power.

a kfcadb (v.n.), Striking (with a

sword), cutting through the skin and flesh ;
biting; lying, deceiving; — l&adab, Tall.
ness and stupidity ; — khiddab, Tall, large
(ostrich).

a J^i- khudad (pi. of khuddat), Furrows,
trenches.

AjJ^s- khadar (v.n.), Being benumbed
(the limbs), torpor ; a weakness or heavi-
ness in the eye caused by a mote ; sluggish-
ness; darkness of night; raiu ; — Midr, A
veil ; a lion's den.

a tj*± kkudrat, Thick darkness ; a black
cloud ; an eagle ; name of a tribe.

>iljjus. khadrak, A burning coal or billet.

a ijijJ*- kjiadarnaq, A large spider ; the
penis.

ijjus. khadra, khudra, A spark ; bit, scrap.
khadsh (v.n.), Scratching, exco-
riating ; — kfiadieh, Alarm.

a kjiadsha, A scratch, hurt ; doubt,
solicitude, anxiety ; fear, alarm, danger.

a gAi- Mad', khid" (v.n.), Deceiving ; en-
tering into a hole or den ; withholding,
being parsimonious ; being flat (market) ;
drying in the mouth (spittle) ; being
scanty.

( 450 )

A Xcw- kjmd'at, khud'a, Deception, fraud.

a^ftkeAd. khud'agar, An impostor.

a khadf (v.n.), Cutting out (a gar-
ment) ; walking fast, with short quick
steps ; enjoying the luxuries of life ; snow-
ing ; a rudder, a helm ; — khidaf (pi. of
khidfat), Rents hi shifts.

khadak, A bridge ; (in the dialect
of Karraiii) anxiety, solicitude ; — khudak,
a magistrate, a judge.

a J»w- khadl, khadal, Plumpness in the
arms and legs.

a p.**- kliadam (pi, of khddim), Servants,
attendants, retinue.

a oUji khidmat (pi. of the following),
Services ; situations, appointments.

a Jchadmat, khidmat, Service, em-
ployment, office, ministry ; — khadamat, A
strap which ties a leathern shoe on a
camel's foot.

a )\£z**s- khidmatgar, A serving-man.

a ^ej&J^AA- khidmatgdri. Service, ministry.

ajU£~..i±. khidmat-guzar, A servant; for-
ward, obliging, ready to serve.

a jSZz+4&. khidmatgar, A servant.

a <*-/»*s- khidmat-gumri, Ministry.

a Us i*-j»ju5- khidmat-numa, A servant,

a ^y***- khidmati, A magnificent present,
such as is presented to great men ; — khid-
mati dwardan (kaehidan), To offer such a
present.

a y-Ai kjudn, A friend ; a beloved, a mis-
tress.

kjiadang. The white poplar, a tree
from which they make arrows and saddle-
trees ; a bow or arrow made of it ; a hedge-
hog ; a crab.

jj*L. khudu, Spittle ; — khudu anddkhtan,
To spit, to spawl.

A khudud (pi. of khadd), Cheeks.

id)**- kjtuduk, khadak, Weariness, irk-
someness, vexation, plague; anger, indig-
nation ; envy ; shame, contempt.

a 5-?.^ khadij, An abortion (of a camel or
any other animal).

a Jchadijat, khadija, Name of Mu-
hammad's first wife.

yj^. khadir, Beauty, goodness, amiable-
ness.

yijjui. khadesh, Ichudesh, A king; a mighty
man ; a householder ; the mistress of a
family.

a S*i^- k£adi'at (v.n. of g^a.), Deceiving ;
fraud, deceit, trick ; a kind of food.

j>jj. khidev, jji^s- kjiidewar, A king, great
prince, sovereign; a benevolent, excellent
man ; master, possessor, rich man ; a friend ;
— khidevi hind, The king of India.

khidya, Annexed, added, joined.

a *Ai khaz' (v.n.), Being humble and
submissive.

\i<s- khuzd, God; master.

klyizarriuh,, = q.v.

A khuzruf, Anything fastened to

the end of a string, which boys whirl
round with velocity, and cause to make a
hissing or whizzing noise; swift, alert; a
troop of camels ; a camel separated from
the herd ; flashing lightning ; kneaded
clay with which children play ; mud-pies.
khizra, = Sj^s- q.v.
a khaz' (v.n.), Cutting, mincing,
hashing.

a khazf (v.n.), Throwing (a pebble
or date-stone taken up between the thumb
and fore-finger).

a M,azq (v.n.), Egging, spurring,
goading forward (a beast) ; muting (a
bird) ; dunging, dung.

a J.**- khazl, ySii kjiizlan (v.n. of J-"-),
Deserting, disappointing, withholding as-
sistance.

a iSii- Ichuzalat, A deserter of friends.

a khazm (v.n.), Striking with his
talons (a hawk) ; being cut off ; being
drunk ; — khazam, Going fast ; — khazim, A
liberal man, generous ; sharp (a sword).

a khizmat. = q.v,

>£>j j"^ khazuk. khuzuk, Auger ; a threat ;
terror inspired from threats ; passionate.

khizev, A great prince ; name of

God.

khar (S. Jchara), An ass; a stupid
fool; black viscous clay; sediment; the
bridge of a violin ; the commonest, ugliest,
largest, or coarsest of its kind, as khar-
amrud, "an ill-flavoured pear," &c. ; [khari
bd tashdid, A " double-first " donkey;--
khar bar bam burdan, To put in the wrong
place; — khar-at ba-chand, For how much do
you sell your ass f 1 (said if an inferior per-
son speaks without being asked) ; — khari
tambur, The peg of a guitar ; — khar khari-
dam wa az khar astar shud, I bought a
donkey and it turned out a nag (said on
deriving an unexpected advantage from any-
thing) ; — khari khwud-rd dirdz bastan, To
live at ease ; — khari khweshtan-ra ydftan,
To obtain one's wish or purpose-; — khari
daehti, The wild ass ; — khar raft u rasan
btird, A person has gone and carried off
something; — khari suwdri, A saddle-don-
key (ui.c.) ; — khari 'uttdbi, The ass on which
'TJttab, the inventor of the silk stuff 'ut-
tdbi carried about his goods (see sj^*) ; —
khari 'isd, The ass of Jesus ; (met.) a soli-
tary hermit ; — az kliar uftddan, (met.) To
die ; — bar khari khwud suwdr shudan (ni-
ehastan), To meet with retribution, to get
one's deserts ; — bar khar suwdr Tear dan
(nishdndan), To divulge one's disgrace;] —
khar, khir (imp. of kharidan, khiridan), Buy
thou; — khir (probably for ^- q.v.), Fog
(unsupported by examples) ; — khur, The
sun ; — kharr, Black mud.

khir (in Zand and Pazaud), Happi-
ness, cheerfulness ; a pleasant condition.
a f - kharr (v.n.), Falling; a fall from a

J*. (

height; a fissure, crack; death; — khurr,
The hole in the mill through which the
corn drops ; a round serpent ; tbe root of
the ear.

A V" hhw'i Dung, excrement.

V- khird (part, of khirldan), Buying.

a ^Af- khardb (v.n. of v/-)> Being
ruined and desolate; ruin, desolation ; de-
stroyed, deserted, depopulated, spoiled ;
debauched ; overcome by wine, drunk, in-
toxicated ; reprobate ; noxious, vicious ;
indecent ; miserable ; — khardb shudan
(ddshtan), To be spoilt, ruined, or deso-
late ; — khardb kardan, To spoil, ruin, mar,
corrupt, blight, taint; — khdna-ash khardb
thawad, Perdition on him (m.c.) ; — khdna-
am khardb ehud, I am lost, it is all over
with me (m ,c.) ■, — kdri man khardb ad, My
affairs are in a bad way.

a s->\>*- khardb-dbdd, Abode of de-
struction (the world).

khurdbaba, Water strained, or
oozing through any dike, bank, or mound
(doubtful, but see a^ji below).

a kjiardbdt, A tavern ; a gaming-

house ; a brothel.

« u^lr*- kjiarabatl, A haunter of taverns,
&c.

a s^/ 5 - kharab-bdtin, Evil disposi-
tion.

* J^* s-^/- ihardb-hdl, Ruined state ; in
broken-down circumstances.

a <Si— a. khardb-khasta. Ruined.

*>V- khurdba. (for q-v.), Water to

drink ; a small stream drawn from a larger
one for purposes of irrigation ; water leak-
ing from a cistern or oozing through an
embankment ; a farmer furnished with all
the appliances of cultivation.

a khardba, Desolate, waste, iu ruins
(m.c.) ;— duzdi kkardba-niahln, A robber
skulking among ruins.

a ^\/- khardbahd (pi. of the preceding),
Ruins,

a u*V" khardbl, Ruin, desolation ; depra-
vity, corruption, mischief; debased.

ft 6 >*j (_5*V" khardbi-zada, Poor, ruined,
miserable.

khardtagin, A kind of armour.
kjiardtin, Earth-worms.

a. 5^ khardj, khurdj, Tribute, tax, reve-
nue ; capitation-tax ; [khardji sar, Poll-
tax ; — kharaji w«i,Tax upon effects ; — kha-
rdji misr, Sugar ; sugar-candy ; a kiss ;] —
ihwaj, An eruption, pimple, sore, blotch.

a jjl ^V" khardj-dwar, khardj-
guzdr, Tributary.

a bV- khardj-awari, and —

a tSj'^sV" khardj -guzdri, Tributariness.

a khardja, Leading word in a sen-
tence.

a ^Af- kliardji, (Land) subjeci to taxa-
tion.

khardkhar, Snoring ; the noise of

451 ) \yt*

one being throttled ; — khardkhar zadan,
To snore.

^V - i&wod, A kite ; — khjxrdd, k&arrdd,
Name of a king celebrated for wisdom;
name of a champion of Iran.
a o\><s- khardd, A lathe (see Mj*-).

J^/s- Jcharrdd-mihr, Name of a fire-
temple.

a <jj\}<4- kharddi, A turner.
d*)J/- khardrush, = yStjiJi- q.v.
a «j\js. khardra, A sob ; noise of a water-
fall.

a. kharrdts, A cobbler.
a ifo khirdzat (v.n. of Stitching
with an awl.

*)V" thardm, Membrum virile (see
(j-^ti- khar-ds, An ass-mill; — khardei
khardb {kh^eisdn), The firmament; — haft-
chashma-kharde, The mill of seven foun-
tains (the sky, the world).

a u-ty 8 " kharrds, A maker or seller of
jars.

(jYJ^ khv.^asan, The East ; an extensive
and noble country, the ancient Bactriana,
lying to the north of the river Jaihun ;
name of a note in music.

(jiUfys- khurdsdni, Of Khurasan; the
sun.

kharde-bdn. The owner of an

ass-mill-

khardetar, Noxious reptilos.
khurd&i, A native of Khurasan.
khar-dsiyd, An ass-mill.
•J>*\js- khardsh, Anything torn, destroyed,
and useless ; rotten fruit; excoriated, torn;
fallen, abject, rejected ; (in compos.) pier-
cing, scratching, tearing (with the nails or
thorns).

yj^sli.^ khardshdnidan (eaus. of kha-
rdshidan), To make scratch, &c.

a A&lji- khurdsha, vulg. khardsha, A scale
or filing (of iron) ; a small debt.
khardshish, A scratch.
u^V" khardahi. Scratching, clawing,
lacerating (used in composition).

{ ^x t ^\f~ k&arasMdagi, A scratching, tear-
ing, or grazing; a scratch or slight wound.

yji,*^ khardshidan. To scratch, lacerate,
irritate ; to shave, smooth ; to graze, touch
slightly, brush ; — ba-tesha khardshidan, To
smooth or shave with the hatchet.

A u»V" kharrds, A liar ; — kburrds, Who
measures by estimation.
a kharrdt, A turner.
a £Mj<s- khirdtat, Art of turning, turnery.
a tj^f* khardti. A turner; turned iu a
lathe; — kharrdti, Business of a turner;
turning.

a ( *J s V £ ' khardtlm (pi. of khurtiim), Chiefs
of a people ; trunks of elephants ; noses,
snouts.

a u*^/- khardtin (for P. khardtin) .
Earth-worms.

a k&nrd', Madness of a camel.

( 452 )

a cjljt kkaraf, khiraf, Harvest-time, sea-
son of fruit-gathering.

a ua^ji khurdfdt (pi. of the following),
Fables, stories, romances, ludicrous sayings,
farrago, nonsense, mythological Btuff .

a ii^s. khur&fat, Name of a man sup-
posed to have been possessed of an evil
Bpirit, and accustomed to tell or strange
things he had seen ; a fable, an entertain-
ing tale.

cjjji ktarah (kharrdk) kardan, To

snore ; to rattle in the throat when stran-
gling.

t gi) ^ khar-uldji&, An ass.

jA^khir dm, (imp. of kMr&mldan, in comp.
with the meaning of a participle) Waiting
gracefully, proudly, or pompously ; a wa-
ving, walking, easy air ; handsome, comely ;
a beautiful woman ; (probably related to
(y- q.v.) good news, joyful tidings; joy,
gladness ; hospitality.

khirdmdn, Walking pompously,

strutting.

y^ilv^ kh,irdmdnidan, To cause to
strut.

°Jr*' kkar-amrud. An ill-flavouredpear.

^Va*^. khardmaqdn, A fragrant plant.

khirdntanda, A pompous or stately
walker; a graceful walker; airy, jaunty.

^a-A,^ khirdmldagi, A stately or grace-
ful carriage ; airiness, jauntiness.

yA+Af. khiramldan, To walk gracefully ;
to strut, to go with a jaunty air.

khirdmln, A kind of provender.

y^ys- khardn (pi. of khar), Asses ; [kha-
rdni gur (gor), Wild asses ;] — khirdn, tjhir-
ran, Obedient,

khar-ambdr, A meeting on busi-
ness ; a number of men assembled at the
house of one ; a crowd ; intercourse of
several men with one woman ; tumult, con-
tention, discord ; a culprit who is made to
ride on an ass through the city.

u^W 5 ^- khardnjdsh, Name of a Turanian
hero.

0-***^*- khirdnidan, To cause to buy.

khardhin, khardham, A kind of
provender.

fc)**V- khardhin, Earth-worm; maw-
worm.

A Af\f, khard'id (pi. of kharidat), Pure
virgins, modest women ; unpierced pearls.

a u-4ftj& khard'if (pi. of kharifat), Palm,
trees whose fruit is given in rent on esti-
mation.

<s£i\ji!* khardyag, Uncultivated ground ; a
field, an acre ; ice; a root (doubtful word).

A v 4 - kharab, A male bustard.

jW^- khar-bar, An ass-load (see

gtyi/- khar-bdzdn, A game in which two
players, standing in a bent position, head
to head and hand on knee, represent an
ass, held in bridle by a third player, called
i&ar-banda, who prevents the other play-

mates from getting on his charge's back.
Any two whom he hits with his foot must
take the place of the first couple, and if
one succeeds in mounting the donkey, he
remains sitting on him until such an ex-
change has been effected.

a jtyt khirbdq, Name of one of Muham-
mad's Companions.

O^/- kharbdn, An ass-driver or owner.

A khirbdn (pi. of kjiarab), Male

bustards.

<^*)j± khar-bat, tetye* khar-bata, A goose j
stupid, an idiot; facetious, a buffoon; de-
praved ; rot to be trusted.

kjiar-buz, A water-melon ; a plant re-
sembling the herb alkali.

kharbum. A water-melon ; — khar-
buza'i abujahl, The colocynth ; — kharbvua'i
rubah, The bitter purging-apple ; — khar-
busa'i Hindi, The squash.

Jityl Sjiji. kharbuza-faroah, A melon-
seller.

kharbusta, The prominent part of
a roof, the eaves.

«eX~?j*. kharbaehh, A blacksmith, a farrier
(doubtful word).

a la) yt. k£ar-bat, A fat goose ; an idiot ;
stupid; a wild man, a hairy demon re-
sembling the human form ; dishonest.

a 4k»}4. Jsh_ar-bata, A goose ; facetious, one
who promotes laughter.

A v>>jis- kharbaq, P. kharbuq, Hellebore
(which is of two kinds, white and black) ; —
khatbuqi gaped, White hellebore; — khar-
buqi aiydh, The black poplar.

a ifs&tj*- kharbaqain, The two hellebores
(see preceding article).

kharbala, A water-wheel ; a chest,

closet.

tAiiyL. khar-banda, An ass-owner, mule-
teer ; a principal player in the game y^J^j*-
q.v

>')*}*■ iharbiwax, jljsf/ 4 - kharbewdz. A large
bat.

iff- kharbur, khurbur, A large bat ; an
owl.

kkarbuza, A water-melon.

y'i kharbuza-xdr, A cucumber- or

melon-ground.

a kharaba, Desolate, laid waste.

A J^*- khirbil, Name of a certain believ-
ing man of the family of Pharaoh.

iAJiift. khar-puskta (ass's back), A sharp
roof ; a tomb (from its shape) ; anything
elevated in the centre and sloping down-
wards at each end ; a tent ; the ninth hea-
ven; a breast -plate.

<s-*>>^- khar-paeha, A fly, a gad-fly.

jji}*- kharptir, A large bat.

/s- khar-pay, The tendon Achilles.

**te^s- khartiik, khartuk, Glass beads for
amulets.

4iSi?yt- khartang, A village near Samar-
kand,

4*>j&. ( 453 )

khar-tut, A large, insipid mul-
berry,

a i&arj, kkurj. Revenue, tribute, tax,
duty ; outgo, charge ; expense, cost ; a
cloud just appearing ; an unfordable river ;
name of a place in Yamama ; \Jcharji Hydl,
Family expenses ; — kjiarji kalil, Parsimony,
frugality ; — kharj kardan, To expend ; to
go or rush out ; — kjiarji yardgh, Horse-
apparatus ;] — bkurj, A cloak-bag, portman-
teau, wallet, saddle-bags ; — kharaj, A mix-
ture of black and white.

kharjasta. War, strife ; a number
of men who hare usurped dominion, a
republic.

J*-/- kkarjal, A sort of bird; a locust
without wings.

« ts*-/- tharjl, Travelling expenses.

gA^ji. fcharjidan, To have watering eyes ;
to shed tears.

k&urjin, khurjlna, A portmanteau,
saddle-bags.

a jy*. kharch, = sj*- q.v. and where verbal
and nominal combinations will be found.

k&archdra, An ass's head placed
upon a pole in a garden, to guard it, as
they suppose, from malignant eyes ; a
scare-crow.

JV/- k&archdl, A blue-coloured water-
fowl ; a bustard.

^fef* kharchahuk, ^y*-^ kharchaluk.
Name of a herb (the use of which increases
women's milk).

khar-chang, A crab, a craw-fish ;
the sign Cancer ; a kind of herb.

a kharcha, A marginal note ; the
costs of a law-suit.

a kharchl, Travelling expenses ;

wages of stupration or harlotry ; lavish,
prodigal.

O^f- kharchidan, To have watering
eyes; to shed tears.

^Vfr 4 " kJturehina, The comb of a bird.

<u^jd. khw-khana, A stable (especially
forasses) ; a stye, a coop.

^Lty£- khar-khdwind, Master, owner,
possessor (spoken contemptuously).

Qp.tpt.ji. k&urkhujewan, The nightmare.
kharkhar, A doubling ; doubled ; a
cupola ; an upper parlour.

a ys-ys. kjiar-khar, khur-khur, Snoriug ; a
noise in the throat caused by strangulation ;
purring of a cat or a leopard ; growling of
a bear (tn.c.) ; — khar-khar namudan, To
snore.

a ify*- kharkharat O^r* - hharkjiard),
Snoring ; rattling in the throat ; purring
(see the preceding).

V-j* - iharkhara, A curry-comb; — khar-
khara Icardan, To curry (a horse).

A—A-jt- kharkkasa, A bird tied as a lure.

ks.wAi.jd. kharkhusht. A wine-press.

u^ys. kharkhieha, kAarkhasha, A tumult,
a crowd ; a boxing-match ; a dispute, quar-

rel, wrangling without cause ; a dispute
regarding boundaries ; anxiety, agitation,
mental distress ; a decoy.

^■f- khar-khiydr, Cucumber; ass-radish.
kharkhir, j-^f - kharkhw, Name of a
city in Khatay celebrated for its musks and
silk-stuffs.

Jf- khard, kharrad, Black viscous clay ;
a muddy place ; — kharad, Solder ; name of
a place entirely inhabited by Jews (this
word unsupported by examples) ; — khurd,
Minute, little, small ; young ; — khirad, Un-
derstanding, judgment, intellect, wisdom;
— khiradi kfeurda-bin, A quick genius, a
mind seeing minute objects ; — khirad dar
kkat biidan, The intellect becomes deficient ;
— khiradi nukhustin, The first or supreme
intellect ; — khiradi Kama, The universal
soul or intellect ; — dand&nhd'i khirad,
Wisdom-teeth.

j\jy. khur-dad (Z. haurva-td(, S. sarva-
tdti), Name of the third Persian month ;
also of the sixth day of the month ; name
of the patron angel of rivers and trees ;
name of a fire-temple.

si khirad-parart, Worshipping

wisdom.

jjj> khirad-parwar, Fostering wisdom.
aa— > nyL. khirad-pasand, Commendable.
J*fi jji. khirad-posh, Clad in wisdom,
i^-j .y- kj^irad-pesha, Practising wis-
dom.

y^y- khurd-tar. Smaller.

flu. jji. khurd-kham. Being ground small ;
trituration.

yU. Aji. khurd-khdn, Dispersed, scat-
tered.

jjt khurd-daet. The wrist ; fraud ;
a cut- purse ; a kind of game in which the
players form a circle by joining hands, and
pull each other rapidly round until they
are exhausted.

j>y- khardar, A kite.

A»jO j*. khar-dar-gala, An independent
tribe; a republic (see is—i-y-).

JL, jyt khtird-sdl, A youth of tender
years ; — khurd-sdl u buzurg-manish, In
years a youth, in judgment an old man.

kys. khirad-soz. Consuming the under-
standing or reason (grief, study, love, or
beauty) ; name of a fire-temple in Tabriz.

tmS ^>i f- khar-dashti, The wild ass.

a ijJji khardaq. Broth, soup.

<dsyi. khurdak, Well-bred ; clever.

-y- khirad-keshl, Practice of wis-
dom.

i^-ijs- khurd-gu,h, A small tent enclosed
within a larger one ; that part of a camel's
breast, which touches the ground when he
lies down ; the pastern of a quadruped.

J~S" Oji. khirad-gusil, What weakens or
destroys the intellect.

o**y- k&urdagT, Diminution by wear.

( 454 )

J J /- kAar-dil (ass-hearted), Cowardly,
base.

a Jo^- khardal, Mustard; mustard-seed.
Uj^a. khnrdama, A bird -with a sweet
voice.

f~ khar-damdgkl, Stupidity, obsti-
nacy, perverseness.

J /* kkurd-murd, Trifle3, minutiae,
piece-meal, scattered to atoms.

a J/- jchirad-mashrab, Practising

wisdom.

«u*jj£. khiradmand, Wise, sensible.

kMradmanddn, The wise.
khiradmandana, Wisely.
Ja^jji kldradmand-hhoy, Of the
nature or habits of the wise.

a £<A ^i-o^i khiradmand- tab', Of a sen-
sible disposition.

^Ai-jjt khiradmandt, Wisdom, prudence,
ts^* J /- khirad-manishi, Prudence.

khurd-nigarish, J>>^> Jj/-
kkurdak-nigarish, Who looks closely into
a matter ; narrow-minded ; spiritless.
a uuljo^s. khurdawdt, Small wares, trifles.
jj**/- khiradwar, Wise, sensible.
tSy*/- khiradwari, Wisdom, sense, sen-
sibleness.

•iy ) khurd u murd, The under side
of a catpet or covering; anything small,
trifling, insignificant, or easy.

khiradumand, Wise.

s^y. khurda. Small, fine, minute ; any-
thing small, a trifle ; crumbs ; a chip ; the
teeth; that part of a horse's leg round
which the fetter passes ; quickness, smart-
ness of wit ; criticism ; fault, blemish ; a
thorn ; the rainbow ; a spark of fire ; one
of the 21 chapters of the Zand; according
to others the interpretation called Pazand ;
— kjiurda'i almas, Diamond-filings ; — khur-
da'i dast, The wrist; a cut- purse ; — khurda'i
suma£, Crumbs fallen from the table; —
khurda'i kdfur (crumbs of camphor), The
stars ; — khurda'i kundur, Particles of frank-
incense; — khurda'i mind, Brayed glass;
wine.

UiOji. khwrdaha, Fractions; small
things.

S^y*" khurda-bin, Acute ; critical.

v-5 ioJ khurda-bini, Subtilty of genius ;
close criticism ; cavil.

sjji khurda-ddn, Sagacious ; a critic.

y^Ui. sjji khurda-ghinds. Possessed of
miiyute knowledge ; subtle, sagacious.

<J*)^ khtirda-farosh, A vendor of

small wares, a piece-broker.

lS>^ khurda-k.dri. Finish, elegant

execution ; tesselated work.

t\i jjji khurda-gdh, The part round
which the fetter passes, the pastern (of a
horse) ; that part of a camel's breast that
touches the ground when he lies down: —
kh.urda-gdhi sdq, The thinnest part of the
leg ; Bhank, or cannon-bone.

ytS sj^ kfrurda-gir, Fault-seeking; ca-
viller.

5>y» sjji. kkurda-murda, In pieces ; topsy-
turvy.

(jAJji- khurdahl, A kind of bird.

^Jj** khurdl, Small ness ; infancy.

A^ib sf. khirad-ydfta, Intelligent, wise.

usAXjjji khurdikak, Less, smaller.

khurdin, The smallest, most mi-
nute ; — angushti khurdin, The little finger.

•u-jji khirazmand, Wise, learned.

a. ^ji- khan (v.n.), Sewing (leather),
stitching; — kfiaraz, Small shells, pearls,
glass beads, &c. (such as are hung rouiid
the neck to avert the evil eye.

kharzdn, The first day of the Per-
sian year, i.e. the vernal equinox.

Syi kharmat. A single shell ; a gem, a
jewel ; a pearl, a glass bead, or anything
that is strung; [kharazdtu 'l-mulk, A jewel
yearly added to the royal crown to mark
the number of years of a king's reign ;] —
khurmt, A stitch, a hole made with an awl.

^jj^ kfrarazdan, kJiarizddn, Name of a
wrestler of Turkistan.

aoj/s- khar-zada, A beetle ; name of a
flying insect whicb bites the nostrils of
cattle.

fflkwrzawil, Name of a village in the
province of Tarim.

a ir*- kharza, A yard long and stout.

syfcjji khar-zahm, A poisonous shrub or
fruit; the colocynth (as being poisonous
to asses, dogs, and other animals) ; rhodo-
daphne ; a veuomous earth-worm about the
size of the finger, and of a blackish red
colour.

a jjjji kharazl, A seller of beads or small-
wares.

b>ij j 4 - khar-zin (ass-saddle), A shelf ; a
sort of wooden horse for hanging saddles
and bridles upon ; a bench for reclining
upon ; a pack-saddle.

a tj*f- kharB, A wine-jar ; — kh,urs, Meat
prepared on the birth of a child ; (pi. of
akhraa) dunib people ; — kharcts (v.n.), Being
dumb ; dumbness.

o-/ 5 - khvrs, A bear ; a rough fellow ; —
khirs dar koh bit 'nil stnast, The bear in
the mountains is an Avicenna, i.e. where
wisdom is scarce a fool is considered a wise
man.

adjU. ; i kharsdwala, A kind of poisonous
liz&vd (unsupported by examples).

^! (j-/- khirs-bdzi, Romp, bear's play.

yCj tj*j*, khirs-bdn, A bear-leader.

kjtarast, Filled with drink, drunk.

yli-ji. khuristun, A grove of palm-
trees.

khirista, A leech,
(si-i^. khirsak, A little bear ; a game in
which a boy on all fours plays the part of
a bear kicking at the others who run round
him, and throw pebbles at him, until he

hits one of them, who then has to take
his place ; a quilted coverlet.

u 4 ^ u*/" khvnt-kush, A bear-tiller (m.c).

t>f <j*jt- khirs-kan, A bear's cave.

khire-giyah, Name of a herb.

isllL. khar-Baldk, A muleteer ; one who
lets out asses on hire.

hharsala, A kind of medicine.

lijU ^ji. khirg-mada, A she-bear.

«^u»r&- thirmidk, (A place) full of bears.
khurtwnd, t-Xi^t- khurmnda, Con-
tent, satisfied, pleased.

ts^^-j* khurmndl, Content, pleasure,
mirth, contentment, satisfaction ; tranquil-
lity.

a'Zu, f. kharsang, A large rough stone ;
heaps of gravel (rendering a road disagree-
able to travel on) ; obstacle, stumb Ling-
block ; a rival.

CjA*-^*- khursidan, To rot, to putrefy
(unsupported by examples).

kharask, A -wild ass ; — kharish, A
butt for ridicule ; — khurush, Cry, uproar ;
(for khurush) rubbish of sticks or thorns.

a Jiy. khareh (v.n.), Scratching, tearing ;
earning a sustenance for one's family ;
seeking a livelihood.

Lfcji khurshd, khurshad (in Zand

and Pazand), The sun.

iJ&fL. kharashta, An airy kind of walking
with a vacillating gait; — kharishtu, An
arched roof ; a kind of armour.

<tf»/- kharasha, Enmities ; tumults ; a
cauBeless quarrel ; anxiety ; scratched.

•Miji khurshed, The sun ; sunshine ; —
nishani sher (u) kkurshed, The Order of the
Lion and the Sun.

kharshin, An airy, swinging mode
of walking ; oscillation, vibration ; name
of a tribe of Afghans, who claim descent
from Muhammad.

a ye^i- khars (v.n.), Guessing by the eye
the produce of palm-trees or the crops of a
field; guess, conjecture; a lie; — khirs,
The estimated or guessed produce of a
field ; a slender spear ; a basket; a wallet;
— khirs, khurs, A gold or silver ring ; a
branch of a palm without leaves ; a bit of
wood used as plug to a leathern bottle.

a. lyi. khart (v.n.), Unbarking ; smooth-
ing, especially in a turner's lathe ; strip-
ping a branch of its leaves, or a cluster of
the grapes, by drawing the hand from one
end to the other ; making anything long
and taper ; purging (a medicine) ; — kharat,
A disease in cattle in which the milk comes
away in a clotted state, or mixed with
yellow water.

JU>ji khirtdl, A kind of purse made of an
ox's skin, or the skin of a camel's neck, and
filled with gold or silver ; — ihartdl, Oats.

a £«1> f~ khar-tab', Stupid ; stubborn.

A |*y>j*- Khartum. The proboscis (of an
elephant) ; a snout ; the nose ; wine that

455 )

speedily intoxicates or which runs before
the grapes have been trodden ; the penis.

a <-&->^ ft. khar-zarif, A fop, dandy,
masher.

a Mar' (v.n.), Cleaving, splitting ; —
khara' (v.n.), Being weak; languor, flabbi-
ness; being broken (a palm-branch).

Jj 4 khar-ghfd, The plantain-tree ; a
plant called ass's ear; seed of fleawort,

^A*- kharghrda. The plautain-tree.

CJ*/ 5 - kkarghfm, Name of a city.

A kharf (v.n.), Gathering fruit ; —
khara/ (v.n.), Doting from old age; — kha-
rif, An old dotard.

khir/, Purslain ;—khiri/, Languid,
weak (neither seeing, hearing, nor knowing
what he does).

a ily- khur/at, Autumnal fruit ; pur-
slain ; — khura/at, A fable, an agreeable,
merry tale (see &$/»)■

j^siji khariftan, khara/tan, To emit the
death-rattle.

A kjfcir/a', khur/u', The fruit of the
'ushar tree (seey^).

a kjmr/aq, Seed of wild rue ; a kind
of cress.

a <^;is- kJtur/a, Purslain.

* oV" kjytri/i, Dotage,

a j,^ kharq (v.n.), Tearing (a garment) ;
framing a lie, lying ; crossing a desert ; a
fissure, round hole ; a widely-extended
plain swept by the wind, a desert ; a shrub
resembling the costus ; name of a place
near Nishsipur ; [kharqi 'ddat, Contrary to
nature; a miracle;] — khirq, Liberal ; hand-
some, elegant; — khurq, Folly, stupidity,
ignorance; — kharaq (v.n.), Being ashamed,
confused, frightened; asperity, roughness,
disagreeableness ; stupidity, folly, igno-
rance ; stupid, foolish.

a o^y- kharqdn, A village near Bistam j
— kharraqdn, A village near Hamadan.

a iij<s- khirqat, khirqa, A patch, rag ; a
garment made of shreds and patches ; a
religious habit (of which there are two
kinds : khirqatu l-iradat, The garment of a
novice, and kMrqatu 't-tabarrak, The gar-
ment of a lay brother) ; a watted cloak
(m.c.) ; — khirqa ax dasti kase posthidan, To
become one's pupil ; — khirqa anddkhtan,
(met.) To confess a fault ; to surrender ;
to be lost in ecstasy ; — khirqa ia-dasti
kase taza kardan, (met.) To renew a com-
pact ; — khirqa sakhtan (kardan), To rend
in pieces; — khirqa soidit, (met.) He has put
aside hatred and enmity ; — khirqa shudan,
To become torn.

yUjij*- -kharqatdn, Dodder.
a t}\*j> khirqa po/ihdn (clad in shreds
and patches), Religious mendicants, der-
vishes.

a j)J khirqa-do«, A botcher ; poor.
a Jif- kharqi, A grain of which bread is
made ; — khirqi, Name of several Imams

Jjji ( 456

traditions or sayings of

and reporters of
Muhammad.

df. kharak, A little ass ; a reptile which
has the fore-legs long and the hinder ones
short ; the septum of the nose, that which
divides the nostrils ; the bridge of a musi-
cal instrument ; a child's go-cart ; a three-
legged stool ; a plank whereon culprits
are made to lie to receive castigation ; the
rack ; an instrument for separating the
seed from the cotton ; a chopping or saw-
in g-block ; a kind of date ; an unripe date ;
an instrument for stocking or pecking a
wall ; hot coals ; embers ; name of a village
near Shiraz ; a breast, nipple.

a Miark (v.n.), Quarrelling, wrang-
ling, litigating,
J 5 *** ilLW-kabutar, A wood- pigeon.

Bjfj*- khar-htrra, An ass's colt.

(j^-j lijA. kharak eamln (kharaki tannin),
Reptiles.

w$ f~ khar-km, Idle babbler, silly fel-
low.

<J-£f- kjiarkush (for u^)^- q.v.), A shoe,
slipper, galoshe, patten, or clog, worn above
boots, to keep them clean when walking ;
(ass-killing) a multiped insect resembling
a beetle, met with in cemeteries ; — M»-
hush, A kind of fly; drunk, intoxicated,

ejUi'jis- khar-kaman, A large bow ; a ma-
chine for stringing bows ; a spring gun set
in gardens; an arduous and unprofitable
concern ; durance, detention in any painful,
toilsome, or ruinous business; — dar kjtar-
kamdn awardan (kaghldan) t To involve one
in calamity.

<-*fZ f- ihar-kuf, A kind of large owl.

t\Sj£. khar-gah, A tent, pavilion, taber-
nacle ; a wide, spaciouB place of residence ;
a cottage or moveable Turkoman hut or
tent, formed by flexible poles, and covered
with felt-cloth ; [khar-adM azraq (kh/izr,
eabz, mind). The sky ; — kharga,h zadan
(kaehldan), To pitch a tent ; — khargdhi
falak-ishiibah, A pavilion high as heaven ;
— khar-gahi gdv-puM (Idjaward), The sky ;
— khargdhi mah (qamar), A halo round the
moon ; the down on the cheek ;J — khir-gah,
A pleasant place.

khar-gada, An importunate beggar.

^J\j£ys- khar-gada' i, Importunity of a
beggar.

jSjA- khargar, A halo round the moon.

■f yt- khar-gass, A large wasp, hornet ; the
parading of a culprit mounted on an ass.

j^/- khar-gawds (gnwdz), A goad.

iff- khar-gur (gor), «y£ f- khar-gUra
(gora), The onager or wild ass.

J*f f~ khar-goeh (ass-ear), A hare ;
lamb's tongue (a plant) ; — man hdfiza'i
kAar-goehe dararn, I have a hare's (i.e. a
wretchedly bad) memory.

} \j> <J*£ ji. kjiar-gosh-ddr, Donkey-eared
(applied to the hare).

^yfr 4 - Margoshak, A

leveret ; the plant

lamb's tongue.

khar-gah, A large tent ; a spacious
place ; khar-gahi azraq (the azure tent),
The sky ; — khar-gahi mah, A halo round
the moon,

4 ff kharm (v.n.), Bursting (anything
sewn); piercing the septum of the nose;
cutting off; diminishing; withdrawing;
the brow of a mountain ; in poetry sup-
pression of a short syllable in the begin-
ning of a verse.

Cf. kfeurm, Vapours, exhalations; name
of a certain plain, where there is a moun-
tain that answers any question put to it ;
— khurram, khuram, Fresh, full of juice,
blooming ; cheerful, smiling, glad ; a plea-
sant, delightful place ; name of the tenth
solar month ; also of the eighth day of
every solar month.

khwrmd, A date ; — khurnvl'i alii
jahl, A sort of date ; — Miurma'i bi-kkaeta
(in the language of the sodomites), The
penis ; — Ichurm&'i Mr, A date without
sweetness, or ill-tasting; — khurmd'i-hindi,
A tamarind; — ham khurmd wa ham sawdb
ast, It is both a duty and a pleasure (al-
luding to the practice of breaking one's
fast with a date only, which is considered
meritorious).

tv 4, khurram-dbdd, A cultivated and
pleasant place.

(ji Uj*. khurmd-bun, A palm-tree ; the
pith or marrow of the palm-tree.

yljUjt kjkurmddan, A store-room for
dates.

fi-khar-mdf, A muleteer, one who lets

asses.

yU-Uj*- khurnidetdn, A grove of palms.
ff khurram-bahdr, Name of a place.

q\ /cMuramddn, A leather bag carried
at the side by beggars or travellers.

Jo fty^. fchurram-dil,Oi a joyous heart.

jj; ff- khurram-roz, The eighth day of
every solar month ; a celebrated festival
formerly held on the eighth day of the
month dai.

rtr 4- Murram-ruy, With cheerful or
smiling face.

*** — - f khobt-mast. Stupid, obstinate ;
athletic.

nU)^ khurram-fazd, The sky.

aLiji. Marmak, khurmak. — vAif- q.v. ; —
khur-ramak (dim. of khurram) , Pleasance
(name of a palace at Jfishapur).

t\&mjt. kJiurramgdh, A grass-plot; (=M<w-
gdh) a large tent,

y± khar-magas, A gad-, ass-, or
meat-fly.

iS^i! khurramgah, A gras^-plot ; a large
tent.

kharmul, A large, tasteless pear,
L vy- khirman, kharman, The harvest;
reaped corn, but unthreshed, and piled up

in a large circular stack; a heap; a halo
round the moon ; a parhelion or mock sun ;
— kkirman zadan (nihddan), To stack corn ;
— khirman kardan, To reap; — khirmani
kuhna ba-bdd dddan, (met.) To boast of
former good fortune ; — khirmani gadd, A
heap of corn gleaned ; — khirman giriftan,
To thrash ; — khirmani gul, The cheeks of a
mistress ; also her thighs ; the beloved ; —
khirmani mdh (qamar), A halo round the
moon ; the down on the cheek ; — khirmani
mdh khosha'i parwin shuda, (met.) Drops of
perspiration have settled on the cheek-
down.

^•f- hhar-munj, A gad-fly ; a paralytic ;
a certain colour in a horse.

]&irman-aokhta, A bankrupt,
v/ &*f- Mirmcm-Jcob, A com-tbresher.
o>/ iff- khirman-kobi, Corn- threshing ;
— gdwdni kkirman-kobl, Oxen for treading
out the corn.
i\S (^ji kkirman-gdh, A threshing-floor.

y^jd. kkirman-gadd, Harvest-beggar.
<j\^y*;*- khirman*girdy, Avaricious.
6)^ ft* thurram-nihan, = J«> pf- q.v.
yl-xw. } pji* khurram u khanddn, Cheerful
and laughing.

f- khar-moeh, A large mouse or rat.
5jy» ji. kkar-muhra, Any little stone
marked with points by Dature or art, small
shells, coq-de-perle, or glass beads, fastened
round the neck or arms of children, as
fancied protection against the malignant
eye ; also beads of glass, with which they
ornament bridles and harness; a trumpet;
a pearl in the eye.

^f- khttrrami, Freshness ; g'ladness,
cheerfulness, pleasantness ; a set of volup-
tuaries, the sect of Bobak.

&ff- khurramiyat. Name of a sect which
maintains the doctrine of metempsychosis.

kharnds, Snoring ; — Jtharn&s kaekt-
dan, To snore (m.c).

(jUji. kjiar-ndy (throat of an ass), A
brazen trumpet ; name of a note in music.

j^f. khararnbar, kharambdx, The

ceremony of leading a criminal through
the street, mounted upon an ass ; a meet-
ing, concourse, crowd.

ijXtif kharambdsh, kJiurambash, The me-
dicinal plant marv.

kkirnajda, isJW/- kfriranjdk, Name
of a wrestler.

■tif- kharand, A herb used in washing ; a
low garden-wall ; the parapet of a gallery,
sj^i. kkaranda,, A purchaser.
a (Uja^i. kj^ar-nafsa, Magnum penem
habena.

a (3>/- khirniq, A leveret ; name of a
poetess.

v.) 3 /- kkarnub, khurnub, Bean-pods, ca- j
robs ; the locust tree, bread of St, John or
of the prodigal son ; — kharniibi nabatj,
Capers ; — kharnubi hindl, Cassia nstularis. [

»7 )

if- khiru,, khuril, Garden mallows ; —
khuru (for khuros), A cock.

a *if- JshuriC (pi. of khur'). Excrements.

jl)f- kharwdr, An ass-load; the measure
of a hundred Tabriz maunds.

a Gif- kharuj, One who departs from,
who goes out of ; .a camel lying apart from
the others; — khurilj (v.n. of sf-)> Going
out, issuing ; sallying forth in. a hostile
manner ; disobedience, rebellion ; projec-
tion; the day of resurrection; in poetry
the following the wasl (see J*j).

Zif- khuroj (for kjturoeh), A loud cry.

Sjf- khuroch (for kjfurot), A cock.

))\<i )f- kharu-ddru, A species of herb.

*-)if- khurur (v.n.). Falling; falling
down (in adoration) ; purring ; snoring (see

(^)if- khurozdn, Name of a wrestler.

Vif- khuroe, A dung-hill cock ; a slave
to his passions ; the Greek chorus ; a ball,
a dance ; — khurosdni tdwus-dum, Goblets of
wine; — khuroei bl-mahal (bi-hangdm), Who
talks inopportunely; — khurosi 'arsh, A
bird who first breaks out in song at dawn,
and is followed by others ; — khuroei kingi-
ra'i 'aql, The breath ; weighed, measured
words ; — khurosi hindl, A turkey.

<j*)f- kburos-bdzi, A cock-fight ;
(met.) stratagem; astuteness, slyness.

khuroscha, The bones of the
throat ; the larynx.

vA-if- ihurosak, A cockerel ; a red ani-
malcule found in baths; lingula vulvea ;
the foreskin.

t—if- khurosa, Lingula vulv» ; the fore-
skin.

J*)f- Murosh, A loud cry; a lamenta-
tion, crying Oh ! making an exclamation,
sighing (construed with the verbs bar-
khastan, tarawidan, zadan, kardan, kashi-
dan, nishdndan) ; — khariwash, The wild ass
(unsupported by examples; is it a corrup-
tion of khari wahshf).

yj^if- kjtanvash, Like an ass.

Q&)f- khuroshdn, Shouting, cryingaloud,
lamenting.

yAjsi^Ayi. khurosh&nidan, To raise a tu-
mult.

yj^ys. khuroshldan, To cry aloud, shout ;
— bar-kkurosklda-n, To cry out, to raise a
shout.

^XtAjf- khuroshldane, A loud cry, lamen-
tation ; — khurosMdane kashldan, To break
into lamentation.

x gyi- kharu', An adultress; soft-bodied
(woman); — khirwa', The shrub Palma
Christi; Ricinus; any withered plant.

a >-i } f- kharuj, A. lamb ; a colt six months
old, or till a year old.

csljji khariik, Name of a herb which in-
creases women's milk ; — khurwak, A beetle.

A Jjf- kharuq, A violent cold wind ; —
khuriiq (pi. of kharq), Fissures, cracks, holes.

J> ( 458 )

5«<s- khuroh, A bird's comb ; a cock.
khurohdk, Coral.

khuroha, The comb of a bird; a
lure, call, or decoy used in catching birds j
lingula vulvae.

i *t)f s ' kharwela, A about, loud cry.

t}± khara, A heap; lees of wine, sedi-
ment; mud sticking to the bottom of a
cistern; assault, attack, throng, medley;
[khara'i chob, Scaffolding ; a wooden frame
for turning an arch upon ; beams for sup-
porting the roof of a house ; — khara'i khisht,
A pile of bricks ; — khara'i sang, A heap of
stones, a cairn;] — also k^arra, Grains of
sesame remaining in the hair-cloth after
the oil has been expressed, which they
give to the poor; residuum, caput mor-
tuum; — kharuh, khura, khurra, Divine illu-
mination, the light of reason ; light ; a dis-
trict or division of the Persian empire, of
which there were the following five : [khu-
ra'i ardsher, khura'i ietakhr, khura'i ddrdb,
khura'i shdpur, and khura'i qubdd (comp.
also »/- p. 35) ;] — khira, Fog ; —

kjiura, The white ant ; a disease which
causes the hair to fall off, or which de-
stroys the nose and lips ; — khurih, Divine
illumination, light of reason ; — khuruh, A
cock, wild beasts ; the kernel of a fruit ; —
khurra, The noise of one being suffocated ;
a snore.

V" khara-chob, = khara'i- chob, q.v.
under if- khara.

uiyjui. Sji kJiara-khiM) = khara' i-khisht.
q.v. under V- .

Sji khara-eang, = Mtara'i-sang, q.v.
under if- .

«&eys- khuruhak, Coral.
ksJ^s^a. kharuhnak, Enlightened, illumi-
nated.

tsys- khari, Stupidity, the property of an
ass ; — khiri, Name of a yellow flower ; un-
lucky, inauspicious ; a gallery, portico,
verandah.

a kharij, A game where they cry
kJiardji kJiardji, i.e. Tell what is in my
hand.

j\jL>ji k£aridar, A buyer.
y** ^ khariddr-gir, A marketable ar-
ticle.

^j^ji khariddri. Purchase.

a Sj</- kharldat, A pearl not perforated.

(jjjjja. kharldagl, A purchase.

yAjji kharidan, khindan. To buy; [bd»
kkaridan, To re-purchase ; to buy off;] —
kharridan, kJturridan, To suffer from fever
(children).

sajjis- kharida, Purchased, bought; the
child of a purchased slave ; an immature
virgin ; a modest matron.

a fif- kharir, The murmuring of running
water; the sound of wind; also of an eagle
when flying; snoring; a beaten track
between two hills.

k&arish (contracted from kJianda
Hsh), A butt for ridicule; a laughing-
stock ; a laugh ; — kharegh, Scratch thou ; a
scratch ; thin parings that fall from lea-
ther in the currying; the dressing of
leather ; (in compos.) scratching ;— kj&rish,
a lady, matron; — k&urish, A king; the
master or mistress of a family.
kharishak, A ferrier,
kharethidan. To scratch, tear,
bite, pull, crop, or break with the teeth.

a !=!/■ kharit, iWji kjtarita, A purge ; a
small bag ; a letter-bag, mail ; a wallet ; a
reticule ; a letter ; a pod ; a volume.

a kharlf, The first crop in the year
(in India), consisting chiefly of rice ; au-
tumn ; harvest ; the autumnal rains.

a kharifi, The autumnal harvest;
grown in harvest.

y- kjiaz, A bump outside the thigh ;
crawling on the hams like boys ; (imp. of
Miazidan) crawl thou.

A j*- kjiaxt (v.n..), Stabbing, transfixing
with a dart ; fencing a wall with thorns ;
silk ; silken stuff ; the fine hair of the
beaver.

yty- kJiazdkhaz, Creeping, crawling.

£V- thuzd', Name of a great man at the
time of Iskandar.

a Sctys. kjmzd'at, A section, segment ; an
offset from the tribe of Azd.

a. i_»V)i khazzdf. A seller of earthenware,
or coarse crockery a potter.

Wyi. kJiaxdmd, A plant promoting preg-
nancy.

e>V" khazdn, Creeping, slow walk; rep-
tiles ; autumn ; the sear and yellow leaf ;
the tenth day of every month ; name of
the eighth month of the sBra of Jalalu'd-
din ; — kh azdn 'alam ihudan, To approach
(autumn) ; — bddi khazdn (kjiizdn), The
autumnal wind, which blows during the
fall of the leaves.

i^i j ytyj. khazdn-dida, kiaxdii
rasida, What has reached autumn.

a ii\yL. khizdnat, kJiizdna, A treasury,
treasure, magazine, granary, repository;
public revenue ; office of treasurer ; the
chamber of a gun; the heart ; — khizdnalu
'tsildh, An armoury ; — kkizdna'i tufang, A
priming- pan, chamber of a gun ; — kkizdna'i
hammdm, The reservoir of a bath ; — M»-
zdna'i 'dmira, The imperial treasury.

t jy'^y- hhaxdnehi, Treasurer, cash-
keeper.

a a\y6- kkindna-khdna, A treasure-
house, a treasury.

. a^j es\yi. khizdna-ddr, A treasurer; a
gun with a chamber.

o'V" khiz&ni, Autumnal, fading.

a <j5\y~ khazd'in (pi. of khizdnai), Trea-
suries ; treasures ; divine secrets ; — M«-
zd'ini bl-girdn. Immense treasures.

kjiaxduk, An insect like a beetle.

( 459 ) v—*>

I&jl. Mazda, Sin, crime (probably mis-
reading for q.v.) ,

ff- khazar, t^j) 4 - khazran, Name of a dis-
trict in Turkistan ; name of a province in
Gilan ; the inhabitants of the shores of
the Caspian.

khazrale, Cowardice.

y\jj)i khazarwdn, The Caspian Sea ; name
of a champion of Afrdsiydb in his war with
Nauzar; also of a demon; — khazarwdni
iAusran, Name of a warrior of Bah ram
Chubin.

8jj4- khazra, The palm of the hand, the
sole of the foot (doubtful word).

x J+fcji. khuza'bal. New and strange
stories.

A. ^tr>^- i&uxa'bll, False, vain, trifling
thing.

a khuza'bilat, A jeBt, laughable

tale.

a it)*- khaz'at, Lameness in one foot ; —
ikiz'at, A piece of meat ; — k&um'at, One
who restrains another (from anything
good) ; one who desists from a work.

a khazf (v.n.), Swinging the arms
in walking ; — Jchazaf, Earthenware, crock-
ery.

a fy) t-J)«- khazaf-reza, A potsherd,
a J^/- khflxafi, A potter ; a seller of
pottery.

a jy- ikazq (v.n.), Reaching the mark
(an arrow) ; piercing with a spear.

A f j*- bhazm (v.n.), Perforating the
bridge of the (camel's) nose, and passing
a ring through it ; spitting locustB ; a
redundant, word of from one to four letters
at the beginning of a verse, not taken
account of in scanning ; — Jckazam, A tree
of whose bark ropes are made.

khazmiydn. Beaver's testicles.

a yji khazn (v.n.), Laying up in a store-
house or treasury ; keeping a secret ; —
khuzan (v.n.), Being rotten (meat).

a &ys- khmanat (pi. of khdzin). Trea-
surers.

•tfj*- khazand, A herb used in washing
(see ■*!/-).

s-^j*- Jchazinda, Creeping ; a reptile ; rep-
tiles.

Ajjji kjtazw (v.n.), Subduing, reducing
to order or discipline (men), breaking or
exercising (horses), rendering obedient.
>*!j>ji khazuk, A beetle.

khazuhak, (in the dialect of
Shiraz) A kind of manna.

khaza, Rudder of a ship ; a paddle,

oar.

*r*y* khazahra (for khar-zakra), Asses'
bane (an herb),

a ^j*- khizy (v.n.), Being base, abject,
afflicted, disgraced ; ignominy, shameful
notoriety.

ftj'My- khatidan, To creep ; to slide along
the ground on one's hams (like a child).

tJiyi- khazida, Concealing, lying hid.
fip- khazir, Ashes beneath which are
latent sparks ; fire.

a kjiazlz, Brambles set as -wall-fences.

a iJ*yi- khazina, A treasury ; magazine ;
tribute.

a of*^)*- kjiazlna-chi, khazina-
ddr, Treasurer ; robe-keeper.

khazhand, 8->Jy- kiiashania, =■ q.v.
khan (S. khasa), An inhabitant of a
mountainous country ; a rustic, moun-
taineer; name of a tribe of mountaineers
dwelling between India and Tartary ; (for
A. Mass) a miser ; mean ; vile, bad ; a
■weed ; rubbish of sticks or thorns ; a
chip of wood; (perhaps S. k-dsa) the root
of a sweet-scented grass ; a kind of large
white crane ; an animalcule that runs on
the surface of water; [Ma* ba dahan (ba-
danddn, dar dahan) giriftan, khas ba-dahan
guidehtan, To be weak ; to sue for protec-
tion ; — khas u khdshah Rubbish, sticks
and straws; — khat u khdahdk shudan, To
clean by removing rubbish ; — khat ham u
jahdnpdk, A proverbial saying, to indicate
that it makes no difference whether a
thing is in a certain place or not ;] — khits.
A mother-in-law.

A khass (v.n.). Rendering mean and
vile ; lettuce j — khassu 'l-himdr, Melilot ;
bugloss.

A \r«5- khas' (v.n. of Driving away

(a dog) ; being driven away (a dog) ; being
dim and weak (the sight).

^— t- khasdr, Ice (see y*- , * and .

Ajt~i khasdr, SjL-a- khatdrat (v.n. of
j— a-), Sustaining a loss; perishing; stray-
ing from the road ; fraud, perfidy ; sor-
didness, baseness ; — k&asdrat u gharat kar-
dan, To ravage and plunder.

khisdra, The clearing of a gardeu
or vineyard of weeds ; — khiadra, khasdra.
The act of lopping superfluous branches.

A i-U-i khasdsat (v.n. of cr^), Being
close-fisted, covetous, mean, ignoble, low-
born.

£)L«*. khaasdn, khatan (pi. of khasa, khas).
Mean persons.

<l) j>i\Zu. Ichaedndan, To grind, to tritu-
rate.

8jiL>d. kjiisdnda, An infusion (in medi-
cine).

yA^jl^s. khatanldan, To wound with the
teeth.

yjL,?L_ji. khasd'idan, To chew ; to eat.

V 1 "**" khusp (imp. of khuspidan), (in
comp.) sleeping, as bisyar-khuap, One who
sleeps 'much (see ^-■■■■ ^ , p. 188, the
transliteration of which should be corrected
accordingly).

^jl-iU— i khaspdnidan, To cause to kick
or trample upon ; to cause to extinguish ;
— khuspdnldan, To cause to lie down ; to
cause to rest or sleep.

( 460 )

a JJ^(^***- khass-parwar, Who cherishes
or fosters the mean.

khuspish, A lying down ; rest,

Wv* 4 khuspan-jd, A bed, a couch.

u™*- khas-posh, Covered over with
thorns or weeds ; varnishing over, giving a
false colouring to; — ■ khas-posh sakhtan
(kardm), To try to conceal what is evi-
dent.

t^f—^ Mms'pi, The "planet Jupiter.

(jA^w—i khaspldan. To beat with the feet,
trample, kick ; to extinguish; — Jchugpldan,
To lie down, to sleep.

a khiseat (v.n. of o^s-), Being mean,
base, and despicable ; vileness, meanness ;
avarice.

khast. He wounded ; colour ; uti-
lity ; desire, violent itching (of a sick
person) ; a reptile, an insect ; — klmst, Rest,
repose ; a sleeve.

khaetana, The patched garment of
a religious mendicant.

f-~*~ kh&star, Reptiles, noxious insects.

^Sj^i khastagi. Wound ; sickness ; fa-
tigue ; — Miastagi kashldan, To labour, to
toil.

khastan, To wound, pierce; to
prick; to be indisposed, sick, ail; to be
wounded, broken, split ; to make an attack ;
to cut in pieces ; to fear.

khastu, The stone of fruit; — khustii,
Confessing; a noxious animal (perhaps
misreading for yu- &■ q.v.) ; name of a Chi-
nese grandee.

Muduwdn, Those wbo confess.
Jehastuicdna, khustuwdna, <Wjx~4-
khustuna, A patched woollen or camelot
garment, worn by faqirs, dervishes, and
other religious mendicants (especially
ragged) ; Strips of striped or linen stuffs.

khasta. Wounded ; sick, infirm ;
fruit-stone (khasta'i kkurmd, A date-
stone) ; ground prepared for sowing ; ex-
cited, roused ; — khusla, The foundation of
a wall.

ah is-^<. khasta-band, A bandage, roller
for fractured limbs; a plaster; one who
Dinds up broken fcoues.

ds^j, khasta-jigar, Heart-sore.

a J^=- khasia-hal, In a bad state,

afflicted.

J.3 ia^i khasta-dil, Sick at heart.

a gfy* As—i- kkasta-mizdj, Weak, sickly.

y^s-s. khaslldan . = q.v. (unsup-

ported by examples).

y*.*. khas-khdna, A house or hut
made of the odoriferous grass Has, to
serve as a summer habitation in India.

lt- 4 - khan-Mis, A sweet- scented root
of a sort of grass, of which tatties are
inado ; — khisMis (khiskjvim stna), Death-
rattle i—khiskhisi ibtidai qasabatu 'r-riya,
Tracheal rattle ; — kjiitkhiei dkhiri qasabatu

'r-rlya, Bronchial rattle; — khiskhisi ma-
ghdri, Cavernous rattle ; — khiskhisi namahi
Crepitous rattle.

a ^—s- khasr, Loss, damage ; — hhasr, k£a-
sar, khusr, Losing, sustaining a loss.

y~ =s- khasar, Ice ; — khusur. A father-in-
law ; a mother-in-law.

a g\y- khueran (v.n. of Suffering
loss, losing ; damage, detriment.

a j£>V~*. khusrdngar, A son-in-law.

«tjlr**V"*" khusrdngarl. Relationship by
marriage ; asking in marriage ; contracting
affinity by marriage.

brtr~*- khusarpilra. A wife's brother.

jr~ «■ k&usrav , kh-usrau, A great king ; a
celebrated Persian king ; a royal surname
in Persia; [kjmsrawi akjita-ran, khusrawi
iqllmi chaJidrum, khusrawi anjum, khusrawi
chahdrum garlr, khusrawi khdwar, The
sun ; — khusrawi hashtum bihisht, Title of
Mohammad ;] — khusurii, A father or
mother-in-law.

yl^i khusrawdn (Z. husravauh), = the
preceding, of which it is a fuller and older
form.

khusrawdna, Kingly ; like Khus-

rau.

(>J s\j r ~i khusrawdnl, Anything grand,
elegant, or regal; a kind of song of rhyth-
mical prose in honour of king Khusrau ; a
species of old money (coined by king
Khusrau) ; a sort of wine ; a kind of cloth.

ct~»j» jj—i. khusrau'pctrast, Rendering
homage to the king, liege, vassal.

(ji-j* )r ~&. khusrau-parastl, Homage,
fealty.

)T ~±. l&usuru-khwaja, Father-in-
law.

4. khusrau-ddru, Galangale.
j$ khusrau-gahar. Of kingly race.
yUj j^-i. khusrau-nishdn, A maker of
kings; possessed of the marks of royalty ;
imperial signet.

iS}y*- khusrawi, Belonging to a king;
royal ; imperial ; monarchy ; a sort of
brandy.

<Si ' 1 jr~ i khuerawlna, A father-in-law.

if*, kjiaera, Moving, movable (unsup-
ported by examples) ; tremulous ; — khusra.
A mother-in-law ; a father-in-law,

<S-4j— ' s- khusrirw,, A father-in-law.

khas-sh lsha, A flask enclosed in
wicker-work, a demi-john.

a i-A— *. khasf (v.n.), Causing the ground
to eugulf one (God) ; digging a well which
runs perpetually ; hiding ; recovering from
sickness ; being lessened, diminished, get-
ting thin ; sinking inwards (the eye).

«. * ■■■ a kfiasaf, A walnut.

i3— khasaq, Saffron in the flower.

khisk, Bastard saffron ; — khush.
Time ; delay, repose ; — khasak (comp. A,
A triangular prickly herb ; a caltrop
against cavalry ; (dim. of jchas) chips.

( 461 )

y^ili-A. khaskdndn, Strict investigation,
diligent search.

4i1iC«i khasak-ddna, Seed of safflower.
<j&£ t^-*- jchas-kashi, Removal of rubbish ;
— khas-kashi kardan, To clean by removing
rubbish.

khism, A wound, a sore.
k£a»anda, Insects (as flies, gnats,
4c).

)~&- Jshasii, kjiusu, A father-in-law.

a khusu' (v.n.), Being dull and weak
(the sight).

i^>U. j y-i khtas-u-lthaeh, Bits of cloth ;
twigs.

QAy^A. khusudan, To reap; to praise.

khusur, A father-in-law ; a mother-
in-law ; harvest.

,_5jW > ^y-i. khu.iwr-dd.madi, Affinity ; —
iAusur-ddmddi kardan, To contract affinity
by marriage.

kjiusurdan, To reap ; to enter ; to

salute.

tjf~*- khmira, Husband's or wife's
father.

a. iJy~i- khasuf, A well dug in a rock,
which springs perpetually ; — khusuf, Un-
dergoing an eclipse (the moon) ; being
sunk (or lying concealed) underground.
khasug, Sordid, mean, filthy.

* (j— *• khasl, Baseness, vileness,

meanness.

y Af ~ * ihasidan, To chew ; to grow old.

Aj«~*4. khaslr, Suffering damage.

a khasrs, Low, base, ignoble ;

trifling, paltry ; avaricious, sordid, penu-
rious ; — nafei khasls, A mean soul.

a khasif, A well dug in a rock and

running perpetually (see Oy~i).

(j**. khash, The arm-pit j running fast ;
— hhath, Jchush, Husband's or wife's mo-
ther ; — kjtush (for khushk), Dry.

a s,>Uu- khajhsh&b, A seller of wood.

HjUus. khushdda, A prepared sown field.

jUus. khnthdr, An unbaked brick.

tjUu. khishdra, Clearing of land for cul-
tivation; pruning (see ij\Aa.).

A ^Uj- khashdsh. khi»hd$h, khushdsh,
Insects flying or creeping ; a wooden ring
on a camel's nose to which the reins are
fastened; a sack, a wallet; the edge or
side of anything; a sharp bold fellow; a
man of authority.

a pUi kkufhdm (v.n. of Failing,
giving way, losing their powers (the olfac-
tory nerves) ; large-nosed; a Hon; — khash-
sham, A man with a very large nose.

^*U*i. khashdman, hhuehaman, A mother-
in-law.

(jj^liu. Jc&ashdnldan, To bite, to wound
with the teeth.

>^«- k&iehtiv, SjliA kMehdwa, A clearing
of land of the stones and weeds, and a pre-
paring of it for cultivation; pruning and
lopping of trees.

jkS^Uut khishawand. Name of a province.

^U-s- khushdy (for ^ <J>f»), Welcome.

yA-fLfci. khaxhd'idan, To scratch, lacerate,
&c. (see ftj^/-).

a s-aj. khashb (v.n.), Mixing (one thing
with another) ; polishing, cleaning ; hew-
ing out roughly (a bow or arrow) ; writing
off-hand (a poem) ; — khashab, Wood, tim-
ber.

<Uat-Ai khish-pukhta (for khishti pukMa),
A burnt brick.

^-i*. khisht, A javelin, dart, spear, hal-
berd, pole-axe (construed with the verbs
anddkhtan, bar-ddehtan, bar-giriftan, khwur-
dan, rekhtan, shikastan, kandan, mdlidan,
<fcc.) ; a brick ; a kind of sweetmeat ; a loaf
baked for the soul of a dead person ; the
twelfth chapter of the Zand ; — khishti
pukhta, A burnt brick; — khithti pirusa,
Turquoise-coloured bricks ; — khisht xadan
(sdkhtan), To make brick; — khishti zar
(zarm), An ingot of gold; the sun; — khishti
sari khum, The brick with which a wine-
jar is covered ; — khishti qimdr, The board
of the game but, which is played with dice ;
— bar khisht zddan, To be on the point of
confinement (pregnant woman).

khashtaman, khushtdman, A mo-
ther-in-law.

ut~&i khisht-bad, A large ventilator.
u^ju. khisht-paz, A brick-maker.

^sjj u^jus. khisM-paxl, Brick-making.

i)\S Jchight-ldba, A brick-kiln.

4^£<s- khishtcha, A square piece of cloth
put under the arm-pit of a shirt ; the knee-
pan.

ct^ju. uv-A*- khisht- hMtht, The rattling of
paper; the rustling of new clothes.

tjz^s. khisMara, khishtra, A gusset ; a
brick-maker.

o^<&4- Jchisht-zan, A lancer ; a brick-
maker.

lytA*. khishtzha, A sort of cloth (so called
from its texture).

u>AsAi. khishtak, A small brick ; a gusset ;
the knee-pan ; — khishtoJci zar, The sun.

^AiUAi khiM-kdrt. Brick-work.

j&At* khishtgar, A brick-maker.
JL* ii.Ai khisht-mdl, A brick-maker.
jU^ixJLi. khashtanehar, A water-bird.
.aJjX^s. kjtashtuk,khu8htuk, Bastard, thief,
rogue.

khashta, Poor, moneyless.

^jSAi- khishtt, Made of bricks ; — khishte,
One brick ; — khishte ba-khair guzdshtan,
(met.) To have a cistern, &e. built for
pious purposes.

yV^Ai khashjdn, The four elements.

a jiAi-i-i- khashkhash, Poppy ; a troop
of men in armour ; — kjiashkhdshi abyaz
(zubdi), White poppy ; — khashkhdshi aswad
(misri), Black poppy ; — khashkhashi mu-
qarran (?), A poppy growing at the sea-
shore; — khashkhash kardan, To break in

khaishkhdgh,

( 462

Poppy-juice,

)

pieces ; — shlri
opium.

a yi<5- <J-± hkash-kjiagh, Clang (m.c.).

a jjAi ijti khash-ihashl, What produces
a clang (m.c).

^■tA. yti hitieh'Mdsht, The rattling of
paper, the rustling of new garments (see

a ^aii Ichuihaash, fern. 44>\xs^ khush-
d&ehat, A fellow-servant (see

a i^&Uii khushdaskiyat (pi. of the pre-
ceding), Fellow-servauts.

k£a$hram, The knocker of a door.
a khash', Humility.
a fiufci khish'at, A child cut out of its
mother's womb ; — khnsh'at, A low hill.

a UU^ khashf (v.n.), Moving gently ;
also the noise caused by such motion ; a
low voice, a sound (as that of the feet
ou half-frozen snow, or the crawling of
serpents) ; breaking the head with a stone ;
sounding, finding out ; travelling qnickly ;
leaping, jumping.

«XAi. kjiushk (S. sushka), Dry, withered;
useless, barren ; pure, mere, genuine ; ava-
ricious, tenacious; surname of the Tradi-
tionist Ishaq bin 'Abdu'llah Nishapuri ;
\khuthk dwardan, To keep silence from bad
temper, dislike, or aversion, to aulk; —
j£hu$hk bdihtan, To play for nothing ; to
play away all one's property ; — fchushk
bd khuihlc na-glrad, Dry and dry will not
stick together; — khuehk jumbdnidan, To
move about without motive or advantage ; —
kJiuthk thndani dast updy, To lose sensation
and movement-, — khushk guzatMan, To
pass by without bestowing an expected
"benefit ; — khushk u ab, khushk u tar, Dry
and moist ; day and night ; bad and good ;]
— jsKaehak, A mountain.

s^l&iJ- khashkab, Hindering ; a hinderer.
f,y,\ csiiui- khuthk-abzdr, Dry sweet herbs.
^ csUjs- khushk-dfchwur, also spelt
^liii (dry or empty stall), A barren
year ; penury ; a miser.

_,l&4* khushkdr (for khushk-drd), Coarse,
unsifted flour, full of bran ; a fried egg.

} \^\ < A »u, khushk-afmr, Condiments;
pulse, lentils, beans, and the like.

MsXii Jchughh-dmar, jU^Ai. jckvskh-
dmdr, Diligent inquiry; estimate, calcula-
tion ; dropsy ; a receiving of the whole of
what is due.

khushkdnij, khushkdnj, Dry in

body.

isUos. khuelik-andam, Lean, meagre,

dry - i

j^^SJi uUAs. khushk-angubin, Dry honey.

QXniXZL*. kjiushkanidan, To cause to

dry.

jVjjl «*U»s- khushk- auzar, Dry condiments.
(ilAi kjinshk-bdza, Tree- loppings ;

bark.

aai usXAi. iJtuehk-band, Healing of a

wound without the use of a salve or plas-
ter -, a wound.

ut^j idi4 kjiushk-pusht, A tortoise,
y^j uilAi khushk-pahlu, A useless person.
^ etU*=- khushk-pai, Unlucky, ill-omened,
y eiViii. khushk-tar, Melancholy ; fool,
idiot.

yl^iAi khushk-jdn (dry soul), Igno-
rant, unskilful ; lukewarm, indifferent to
the claims of love or friendship ; the soul
stripped of the body.

(^^t- u-Ujs. khushk-jitmldn, Idly busy.

yV^iii. Mushk-jahdn, An age barren in
distinguished men.

ulVAjs. kliushk-chashm, Tearless, dry-
eyed.

s->^ khushk-chub, Dry wood.
ciW- khushk-khdr, A caltrop.

«£i^i- fcA.Msfi.fc-da.man., Pure, chaste,
virtuous (the contrary of tar-daman).
viiii kjiushk-dast, Avaricious.
£Uo<A&i khughk-damdgh, Crack-brained,
mad ; grievous.

khushk- damdgM> Grief,
y^o c£\Ai kjiushk-dahdn (dry-mouthed),
Fasting, abstemious.

a.i5j<Ai khuahk-randa, The dry scab.

khushk-rude, A dried-up

stream.

yijj <a\^s- kjhitshk-rtsh, A dry scab or
wound; subtilty, fraud, stratagem, deceit
falsehood ; a vain excuse.

&a> s lA&i- khushk-resha, Crust of a
an excuse.

wound ;

khushk-zdr, jV^Xfct khushk-sdr.

Arid land far from water.

JL, khushk-sdl, A year of drought,

a general dearth ; scarcity ; — khushk-sdli
dfat, The present evil world.

^SL.&iA. khushk- sdli. Drought; dry sea-
son.

y~, <Aaa. khushk-sar, Addle-pated ; a bab-
bler ; inseible ; melancholy.

<sjU *aV&<5- khushk- shdna, Proud, haughty ;
pride, haughtiness.

a mlii- khushfc-tinat, A useless

person.

a k=jjV+c talAit khushk-'ib&rat, Whose
speech is unprofitable.

a ^ifiusX^i- khushk-' man, Unmanageable.

uZa*. khuehk-fd, Unfermented bread.

ijjy? ut\Ai- khushk- gar dan. Stiff-necked.

a ylX&i khushkldn, = u&&4- q.v.

j\*SJti khuehknidz, Diligent inquiry ; —
khu&hk-mdz kardan, To inquire diligently
into.

jjU£Ai khushk-mdzu, SjU.^^s- khushk-
■mdza, Withered or broken branch ; bark of
a tree.

\>U£Ai khushk-mdna, Anything cold
eaten after meat, to moderate the beat of
the stomach.

yu uA-iiS. khushk-niaqhz. Testy ; a fool.
isLi*s- khushk-nnaghzl, Eage ; folly.

khushlc-ndn, &>\i

( 463 )

kJiushk-

ndna, Dry bread, biscuit; a kind of sweet-
meat.

^Ui-tt khushk-ndy, The throat ; the
wind-pipe; the gullet.

usXAi khushk-nihdd, A useless person.

^jiJLi. khwhk-wd, Unleavened bread.

khushka, Boiled rice without but-
ter ; flour not sifted ; cast steel.

u^" 5 - khushhl, Dryness ; scarcity occa-
sioned by drought; d'ry land ; by land (in
opposition to tarl, by water) ; horse-dung
dried, used instead of straw as litter ; dry,
arid ;— khushki'i bakM (tali 1 ), Adverse for-
tune ; — MmshM'i charkji, Bad timea ; —
fchuBkki'i mafsil, Stiffness of a joint.

"^ji khushki parast, Addicted to

the dry land.

y-u&ijj. khuBhMdan, To dry up.

txS.bi. khuehhlda, Dried up, thirsty
(m.c).

J-^ hhaehal, Bdellium, an Arabian gum.
khishm, kkashm. Anger, passion,
rage, indignation, fury ; — khishm dmadan
(awardan, shudan, kardan), To become
angry ; — khishm kjiwurdan (firo-kjiwur-
dan), To swallow, i.e. subdue one's anger
or passion ; — khishmi yahudana, A Jew's
rage, i.e. a silly, unprofitable dispute ; — ba-
khishm awardan, To provoke, mate angry ;
—dar khishm shudan, To be angry.

A fr**- kjiashm (v.n.), Striking, hurting,
or breaking the bridgo of the nose ; \_khash-
mu 'l-anf, Ozena (see the following) ;] —
jehasham (v.n.), Having a large nose ; bad
smell of meat ; offensive smell of the nos'.'
from polypus, ozena.

J^U^-i. khishmdghll, Angry glance ;
squint (probably misreading for ji^
q.v.).

a jjjTj khuhm-aliid, *<ifi\ khishm-
dluda, Angry, exasperated.

a pi**- khishm-idb, Writhing (or
burning) with rage.

a khishm-rafta, Angry.

a j£ khishm-gar, ^S*^- khisfam-gin,
Full of rage, angry.

a ^jinSitAA. Ithishnigini, Angriness, anger.

yjjJ jLkAi. khishmlu (for khishm -aliid ?)
kardan, To tickle.

y*A*> khishmin, Angry.

aiiiU^Aa. khiskrnnak, Passionate, furious,
enraged.

a ,jSU*-i.i khiehmnaki, Anger, angriness.
khashma, Travelling utenBils.

a y-ti khashn (v.n.), Being rough, rough-
ness ; — khashin, Hard, rough ; coarse ;
rude.

ly^s- khashan, A kind of grass from
which coarse garments are made ; [khashan
poshidan, To wear a rough garment; to
play the hypocrite ;] — kjiishan, khishn (for
iAishin), A kind of falcon.

yUAA khjishndn, Happy, prosperous.

0 >1jVi y&i. khashan-bdrdm, A rain-cloak
of coarse cloth worn by shepherds, <fec. ;
(met.) the sky ; a cloud.

ia^i khashanja, A gusset, gore of a
shift (doubtful; probably misreading for
&«.i-S-sS- q.v.).

4>U. y-iui. khashan-khdna, A house con-
structed of reeds ; also a house, the doors
and windows of which are lined with the
roots of a certain grass (Andropogon
muricatum), which being kept continually
sprinkled, a circulation of cool air is there-
by maintained within; tatties,

•v-ii khushnud, Content.

SAi^i. khashanda, Insects (see 8 Au i).

} \ — uus. khashansdr, khushansdr, jtijJU.
khaehanshdr, A kind of white-headed aqua-
tic bird.

<£&-**5- khashang,A scar ; bald ; baldness.
khushnu, khashnu, Content, pleased.

jji-ti kkushitud. Content, pleased, happy.

^jyjuu khushn&dl, Contentment, satis-
faction, resignation, acquiescence ; recon.
ciliation.

^j-iut kjmshni, An unchaste woman,
harlot.

jAs. khushu, A mother-in-law.

khushwdna. Wool, spun and
wound ; a garment made of such and worn
by dervishes and beggars.

} yfei khash-u-fthdsh, Trifles ; chips,
scraps, rubbish.

jyui khashud, A pruning knife ; the
pruning of young shoots,

yjyii khushudan, kjiashudan, To prune
a tree.

jyi^ khashur, A prophet, an apostle.

A khushu' (v.n. of £-*>■*-), Being

humble; casting down the eyes; being
near setting (a star).

t*)^*- khashdk, khushuk, A bastard, mis-
creant; — khushuk, A drinking-vessel in
form of a bull's horn.

k di^ii- khushunai (v.n. of y-*<s-), Being
rough ; roughness, ruggedness ; asperity,
severity ; disdain.

yii khashl, Very white j ash-coloured ;
according to others, = & ^!^~ q.v. ; — khashe,
A dried herb.

A ^s^i khashy, khishy (v.n.), Fearing,
dreading; — khashl, Timid.

a s->~^ khashlb, Eough-hewn ; rusty (a
sword) ; furbished ; bad, vile ; select.

A khashy at (v.n. of ^Ai), Fearing ;
fear.

j-*^. khashij, Opposed, opposite ; an ele-
ment.

yUp,-^ khaahljdn, Contraries ; elements,
khashish, Noise, tumult ; victory,
superiority.

J^t^*. khashlshdr, Name of an aquatic
bird.

khishlsha, A bird that frequents
gardens in spring.

^aa ( 464 )

(^*"*ms- ihashlshi, A kind of garment.
(jsAi- khashln, Of the colour of ashes, of
a darkish white ; of a black and blue ; blue ;
a falcon with a black back ; name of a pro-
vince in Transoxania.

A t>*-*-i khushain, Na.me of a tribe, from
which the patronymic khusharit is derived.

khashlndd, khashindr, —

q.v.

*H y*- 4 - 5 - hhashin-pand, A kite.

jL-Aj-ii khashinsdr, Name of an aquatic
bird with a black back and white spot on
the head.

4A »^*- khashina, Of a black colour in-
clining to blue; a species of falcon ; a kind
of water-fowl ; ash-coloured.

a y»t khass (v.u.), Marking especially,
distinguishing peculiarly ; -M«?, Deficient,
defective, shortcoming; — Jehu??, A house
of reeds ; a tavern ; good wine.

A •+>\*4~ khisdb, A loaded date-tree.

a JUUi k&nsdsat, Poverty, want, need ; a
hole, g.ip, eliink ; the space between the
feet ol a trivet ; — kJiusdsat, The gleanings
of a vine.

A i-iUs- khassdf, A liar ; a shoe-maker ;
surname of doctor of the Hanafi school.

a jUi khisdl (v.n. of J-=*-), Conquering
at darting; cutting away (apiece) of meat ;
(pi. of khaslat) good manners, habits, pro-
perties, or qualities ; — kjiisdli hamida,
Praiseworthy virtues.

a khisdm (v.n. 3 of f*°*-), Litigating.

a khissdn, kJiussdn, Grandees,

nobleB, patrician orders ; royal favourites.

A yai^s- kJiasd'is (pi. of k&dsiyat), Pro-
perties.

A J?^»±- kjiasd'il (pi. of kkasilat), Man-
ners, customs, usages ; morals.

a vv»i khasb, A palm-branch ; a fruitful
date-tree ; — khisb, Rich vegetation ; abun-
dance of life ; — khmb, A side.

A^otf. khasr. The middle, the waist ; the
middle part of the sole of the foot, which
does not touch the ground ; the space be-
tween the notch of an arrow and the fea-
ther; a road between the upper and lower
part of a hill ; sand ; — kj^asar, Cold, chilli-
ness; — khasir, Cold (water).

a '-A«s- Mas/ (v. a.), Doubling and sew-
ing together (a sole) ; a shoe or slipper
made of several layers, each of which is
called kjtasfa.

a J«t kkcsl. Conquering at shooting ; a
stipulation or condition at archery ; a stake
at play ; a stake upon seven at the game
of nard ; the dice with which the game is
played ; cutting off ; [MasZ kardan, To
grant, to bestow;] — kjiusul, Entangled
branches.

A &a±. khaslat (v.n. of J"*-), Hitting the
mark (an arrow), or falling by the side
of it ; quality, property ; — khuslat, En-
tangled hair.

a khasm (v.n. of /****), Overcoming at
law ; an enemy, antagonist, adversary at
law or game ; (also kjiasam) a husband ;
{Jchasmi yah ckashm, The devil ; antichrist;
the heart; the sky;] — khusm, Side, mar-
gin ; the corner of a sack or portman-
teau.

t khism, A friend, relation ; an

owner.

a 'U-ai. khusamd' (pi. of khaslm), Antago-
nists.

a ,_y^ khasm-af(jan%. Overthrow of
an adversary.

a yU^s- kjiusmdn (pi. of khasm or Ma-
sim), The opposite parties in a law-suit;
antagonists, adversaries ; — khufmdni sufll,
The elements.

a &A*»ai- kha»mdna, Inimioally ; house-
wifery.

a iHi kjiasa-m-kjidna. Master of the
house ; an heir.

a (jSX^Mai Masm-ku8h, The slayer of a
foe.

a (jXSU-oi. khasm-ku«hl, Slaughter of a
foe.

a khasam-wdli, A woman whose

husbaud is living.

a <j*~ M«»i Enmity ; — khasmi'i jdni,
mortal enmity.

a (j*j*«4- kjiusus (v.n. of u^), Marking
especially, distinguishing peculiarly ; par-
ticularity, speciality ; a thing, business,
particular ; — bd-khusus. Especially ; — dar
kjiusus, Concerning; — 'ald'l-khusus, Chiefly,
especially.

a kjmsuaan, P. AiU^^t. kJiusuadTM,

Particularly, especially, chiefly.

A «aL*>^a4- khvsusiydt (pi. of the follow-
ing), Peculiarities, particularities.

a a*-y*s- kJtususiyat, Particularity, spe-
ciality, singularity ; attachment, intimate
friendship ; — ba-khasusiyat. With special
reference to.

a r»j-i khusum. (pi. of Miasm), Enemies,
rivals.

a uwUj-ai. khtimmdt (pi. of the follow-
ing), Law-suits ; disputes.

A Ltpai. k£ustimat (v.n. 3 of ^), Trying
to overcome at law; litigatiom, a law-suit;
altercation; — khasumati shadtd, Violent
animosity; — izhari khusumat kardan, To
declare war, to denounce hostilities.

a khasumat-gah, kkdsu-

mat-gah, A place of contention ; a battle-
field.

jSj^ty^. kjiasumaigar, A quarreller, a liti-
gant ; an adversary.

■ a Ma?', A eunuch; a gelded

animal ; poetry destitute of erotic senti-
ments, castrated.

a £~ai- khusyat, kliusya, A testicle ; — khus-
yatu 'n-nisd', The ovary ; — khusya bar hulk
jaelan, (met.) To be greatly terrified.
a oVxi-i khusyatdni (dual), The testicles.

( 465 ) fa*

a 1 ~y« s - khasif, Well-made (shoe) ; asheB ;
anything of two colours ; new milk mixed
with old.

a ^a. kfrasi-karda, Gelded, castrated.

A khasim, Litigating, opposing ; an
opponent.

a th«s- khasln, A small axe.

A vUt khizdb (v.n. of s—^), Tiuging
(the nails or hair with privet, saffron, or
indigo) ; tincture, colouring matter ; a dye
for the hair (construed with the verbs bas-
tan, dadan, rat&ndan, zadan, sdkhtan, har-
dan, nihddan, &c).

a J ^ hhazdd, A soft tree without
prickles.

A;Ui khazdr, Milk thinned with water ;
herbs sprouting.
a khuz&rat, Greenness.
a ^r-a. khazb (v.n.), Tinging (the nails
or hair with cypress or saffron).

a JU^is. kkazMazat (v.n. of ji&it.),
Ploughing; polluting oneself.

a «i khazd (v.n.), Bending (the branch
of a tree) ; trimming (a tree) ; eating
much, or something moist (as a cucumber) ;
— khazad, Branches recently broken, or
new cuttings of a tree.

A / M - k&azr ( F -n-)> Cutting (a palm-
tree) ; — khizr, Jchizar, The prophet Khizr,
who discovered and drank of the water of
life, whereby he became immortal, figures
in Oriental tradition as a wazir of Iskan-
der, and also at Elias and St. George of
England, on the supposition that the same
soul animated them by transmigration ;
[khizr bahdr dar qadam ddrad, Khizr has
spring in his wake, said because the ground
on which he places his foot is supposed to
be at once covered with green ; — khizri rah
gardidan, To guide, to lead the way ;] —
khazir, A green branch; green, verdant,
fresh; — khazar. Greenness, freshness.

A "V 4 *- khazrd' (fem. of akJizar), Green ;
heaven ; troop clad in iron, a squadron of
armoured men ; name of a castle in Syria ;
— kkazrd'u 'd-dimn, Verdure grown out of
a dunghill ; (met.) a comely woman, but
of alow family.

a. \jid- khazrd-kjtirdm, Moving ma-
jestically like the sky ; producing verdure
in moving along (applied to Khizr).

a lj*s- khuzrat, Greenness, verdure.

a yrflfJ _ r «4- kJiizr-libds, Clad in green (like
Khizr, applied to the sky).

a fAiu jAs. k&izr-maqdam, Whose coming
is (auspicious, like 1 ! Khizr's.

aV* 4 " khazarwdn. The Caspian sea (see

a (jA-ii khazaz, Small beads and other
ornaments, with which girls in Arabia
adorn their wrists ; different kinds of food.

a i-Aii. khazf (v.n.), Breaking wind ; eat-
ing ; — -kAa?af, Large and small melons.

A J**- khazl, khazal, A pure pearl.

A pa- khazm (v.n.), Eating with the
mouth full, chewing, cutting with the
grinders, especially anything soft, as
cucumbers ; — khizzam, k&uzzam, A lord, a
great and generous man ; a large horse or
camel.

A khuzu' (v.n. of £-4*-), Being hum-
ble, submissive; submission, humility,
respect, veneration.

a v-*4s- k£azib, Stained, dyed, imbued.

a khazir. Green, flourishing.

a <J>*&- khazlz, Ground abounding id
loose earth moistened by the rain.

A ks- kh_att, in P. kjiat (v.n. of U), Wri-
ting ; delineating ; anything written or de-
lineated ; a letter, note ; handwriting ; a
character ; a figure drawn on the sand by
conjurers; a line; a limit, mar giu, edge;
a bank, coast ; a line of conduct or argu-
ment ; an order ; a marriage contract ; the
down on the cheek of a youth; a lance
(unsupported, but see j^U.) ; [khati db, An
image appearing and disappearing in the
water ; — khati ijrd, A diploma conferring a
stipend or pension, &c. ; — khati dtddl, A
deed of manumission; — kha£ az kAun na-
wishtan, To implore help in a great emer-
gency ; — khati auraq, A black line ; the
fourth line on the cup of Jam shed ; — hhaf.
as qalam rekhtan, To be written ; — khafi
istiwd (i'tiddlu 'l-lail wa 'n-nahdr), The
equator; — khati ashk (khatar). The fifth
line on the cup of Jamshed ; — khati atlati,
Lines forming a cross ; — khati dftdbi, A
form of Persian writing in which the curved
tails of the letters are portions of a circle ;
— khafi ufq, A meridional line; the equator ;
— khati Uhdq, A connecting line ; — khafi
amdn, A letter of security, safe-conduct ; —
khati auwdl, The letter \ alif ; the throne of
God ; Mecca ; — khati bdtil, Sin, wickedness ;
— khat ba-jahdn kashidan, To renounce the
world ; — that ba-khuni tease dwardan (da-
dan, kashidan, nawishtan), To command the
death of a person or approve of his being
killed ; — khat bar-dwardan (birim dwav
dan), To prove by argument, to argue ; to
sprout (a young beard) ; — khat bar-khak
(zamiri) kashidan, To show one's impotence,
to be put to shame; — k&af burdan, To
sprout (the down on the cheek), to grow a
beard ; — khat bar sari kase kashldan, To
impute an error, sin or crime to, to dis-
grace ; — khat bar 'dlam kashldan, To re-
nounce the world ; — khati burlda (bi-
burida), Interrupted letters, continued on
the next page ; — khat bar gardan kashidan,
To command obedience ; — khat bastan, To
grow a beard ; — khat. ba-sari khwud dadan,
To give one's signature ; to write a bond ;
to sign a deed ; — khati basra, The third
line on the cup of Jamshed ; — khati buf.ldn
(kjiatd, naskh), khafi blmri, Cancelling,
scoring out; — khati bagfefldd, The second

( 466 ) Ik*

line on the cup of Jamshed ; — Maf ba-qdbr
(ba-mamr) kashidan, To draw, after inter-
ment, seven lines on a tomb, believed to
secure forgiveness to the dead ; — khati
bandagi, A contract for servitude; — khati
baizawl, A form of writing in which the
curves are segments of an oval; — khati
jpakl, Letters of manumission; — khati pdyi
kuldgh {pancha'i gurba), Scrawls, illegible
letters; — hhafi tdziydna, A wale after whip-
ping; — khati tarsa, Writing from left to
right ;■ — khati tawdm, A kind of transparent
writing which appears when two sheets of
paper, on which various figures are traced,
are placed one over the other ; — khati teyh,
A gash with a aabre ; — khati jam, A line ou
the cup of Jamshed, of which there are seven
(see khati jaur, baghddd, basra, siyah, aehk,
kdsagar, and farodlna) ; a line on or the edge
of any cup (in which sense also the syno-
nyms aydgh, piyala, paimdna, and sag£,ir
instead of jam are used) ; — khati jady, The
tropic of Capricorn ; — khati jail, A stout,
plain written character ; — £hati jawds, A
passport ; — khati jaw, The first line on the
cup of Jamshed ; — khati chap, Printed cha-
racter ; — khati chalipa (almdsi), Two lines
cutting each other in a right angle and
forming a cross ; — khati hisdr (mandal),
A circle drawn by a conjurer around him-
Belf or others for protection ; — khati hawd-
dis, Absence of calamities ; — khati khafi. A
thin character ; — khati khipdnd, A writing
readable without hesitation ; — khati khun,
A death-warrant; — khat dddan. To admit
the soundness of a thing ; — khat dar-dwar-
dan (damidan), To sprout (an incipient
beard) ; to grow a beard ; — khati dasti,
Written character ; — khafi durust, A
straight line ; — khafi diwdn (diwdni), A
kind of official scrawl ; — khafi rah, A pass-
port; — khati radd, Cancelling, scoring out;
— khati rawdn, An easy-flowing, legible
writing ; — khati zabarjad-rang (safes), First
appearance of a beard ; an anonymous
epistle ; a black line j — khafi sarafan, The
tropic of Cancer ; — khati surma, A line
drawn with eollyrium on the eyebrow; —
khafi sarv, A kind of writing ; — Ma.fi sau-
dd'i, An interest-bond ; — Ma.fi siyah (azraq,
thab), A black line ; the fourth line on the
cup of Jamshed ; — hhati sharif, Royal let-
ters, diplomas, mandates, signed or super-
scribed by the sovereign's own hand; —
khati shu'd (qku'&'t), A solar ray ; — khati
thikaeta, A broken and tortuous writing; —
hhati shamshir-band, An appalling letter ; —
khati sarrdf, A bank-bill, a cheque ; — Ma.fi
zdmini, A security-bond ; — khafi 'asall,
A wine-coloured line ; — khati 'amud, A
perpendicular line ; — khafi ghubar, The
smallest Arabic or Persian writing; — khati
ghuldmi, A contract for servitude, inden-
tures ; — khafi fdsil, A line of demarcation ;

— k£ati farodina (muzauwar), The Beveuth
line on the cup of Jamshed ; — Ma.fi qati',
A secant ; — khati qassdrdn, A mark put
by fullers on clothes to recognise the
owners ; — khati kdsagar, The sixth line
on the cup of Jamshed; — khati kabg,
The lines on a partridge's plumage ; — khafi
kirddr, The register of the divine decrees ;
— khat kashldan, To draw a line or lines ;
to draw a line through a word; to erase,
obliterate ; — khati gul-zdr, A flourished
kind of hand- writing ; — khafi mutawdzi, A
parallel line ; — Ma.fi mihwar, A longitudi-
nal line ; — khafi Id-da'wd, An unclaimed
letter ; a written acquittance ; a writing
relinquishing all claim to ; — hhati mustadlr,
A circular line ; — khati mustaqvm, A right
or straight line ; — khafi mashriq u maghrib,
A longitudinal line ; — khati mushkin, A
mole upon the cheek ; — khati mu'ammd,
Enigmatical writing, difficult to decipher
(opp. to khafi hhwdna, q.v.) ; — khati mu'au-
waj, A curved line ; — khafi miqyds, A gra-
duated line ; — khati muldqi, A tangent ; —
hhati munhani, A curved line ; — khati mu-
nassifi zafn, The raphe of the scrotum
(med.) ; — hhafi mekh (mekhi), Cuneiform
writing; — Ma.fi nashk, The straight Arabic
writing; cancelling; scoring out; — Ma.fi
nisfu 'n-nahdr, A meridional line; the
equatorial line ; — ihat nihddan, To oblite-
rate, to cross out ; — khafi nil, The letter \
(as symbol of the one God) painted with
indigo on the forehead of a child to avert
the evil eye ; — khafi watar, A diagonal
line ; — khat u kitdbat, Bpistolatory corre-
spondence ; — fchafi humdyun, The Shah's
autograph ;] — khaft, khitf, Name of a
port in Bahrayn celebrated for its lances ;
— khitt. Land not moistened by raiu ; —
khuft, A mountain at Mecca ; a highway.

U*s> Jchafd, Name of Scythian province;
name of Northern China.

a "Ua*. hhafa', "U*s- hhatd', A fault, error,
miss, inadvertency, trespass, blunder, crime
unintentionally committed; — khitd (pi. of
khatwai), Steps.

a v^ 5 - khitab, A discourse, address, con-
versation, correspondence by letter ; [Mi-
tdb kardan, To speak, to say, to talk ; —
faslu 'l-khifdb, A judicial sentence founded
on conclusive testimony and oath ; the
transitional phrase awmd ba'd (see under
•**») 0 — khuftab (pi. of khdtib), Public
speakers, preachers ; those who ask in
marriage, suitors.

A £}U>*- khatdbat, The act of preaching
a. sermon; eloquence, rhetoric.

a (J^. U=*- khatd-bakhsh, Sin- forgiving.

a khitdbl, Verbal, by speech.

a iLjUai khatfdbiyat, A heretical sect, ori-
ginating with Abu '2-Khattab.

a <J>}> U>i lehatd-jiosh, Sin-covering, mer-
ciful.

( 467 )

A W=a. ihatt&t, A fine 'writer, penman,
calligraphist ; — khattafu 'l-bildd, A geogra-
pher; — khattdtu 'l-bilddl, Geography.

a i_jU=i khattdf, A ravisher ; Satan ; name
of a celebrated horse ; — khuttaf, A swal-
low ; a hook ; a hooked iron (particularly
on each side of a pulley through which
goes the axis), a grapple ; name of another
celebrated horse.

a j£ Vol. khatd-Mr, y> kjiatdgar, A sin-
ner, criminal.

a fUaA- khitdm, A halter, string, a bridle.

a )fi^*- khat-dwar, lot- khat-dwarda.
A beard beginning to appear; a youth
whose beard and mustachios begin to
sprout.

a (jU=4- khatay, Khatay, a large country
in Scythia or Tartary beyond mount Imaus ;
northern China.

a V^- khatay a, (pi. of khati'at or khatl-
yat), Sins ; faults, errors.

^J&*~ kh.ata% Of or belonging to Khata.

A s-J«i- khatb (v.n.), Asking in marriage,
betrothing ; a thing, work, affair, matter ;
— khitb, Betrothed (man or woman) ; —
hhilb, khutb, The word used in asking in
marriage, the assent to which is expressed
by the word nikh ; — ikJtutab (pi. of khutbat),
Sermons.

A *M=<s- l&ufaba* (pi. of khdtib or khatlV),
Preachers.

a IM- khitbat (v.n. of s-^*-), Asking (a
woman) in marriage (for a son), betroth-
ing; (a woman) asked in marriage ; — khut-
bat, khutba, A speech, harangue, address ;
a sermon, especially that preached in the
mosques on a Friday.

yfys. &-Jai. khutba-khwdn, A preacher,
(especially of the Friday sermon).

a kh.ittat, khitta, A boundary or
foundation-line of a bouse ; [hhitta'i pur
bahjat, A place full of delight ; — khuttat,
An affair, matter, state of things ; a story,
narrative, history ; design, aim ; want ; a
line ; name of an ill-shaped she-goat, of
which the Arabs make sport.

a Wjisi- U. Mat-khwtut, Correspondence.

a jU khat-ddr, Having stripes, striped.

K^khatr (v.n.), Vibrating, brandish-
ing (a sword or spear), striking (with
them) ; lashing his sides with his tail (a
hot stallion) ; — khitr, A species of dyeing
herb, woad, indigo ; watery milk ; many
camels ; — khatar, Danger, peril, imminent
rain ; a bet, wager, stake ; risk ; power,
dignity.

a jki. khatar, Woad, indigo (see khttr in
preceding article).

a khat.rdya, A kind of dervish's

mantle.

a q\ khataristdn, A place abounding
in dangers.

a stf jU- k)iatar-qdh, A place of dan-
ger.

a aj-jU. khatarmand, <*>^jW. kj^atarndkt
Dangerous, perilous.

a ^ftjjks- khatarndkl, Danger, jeopardy,
peril.

a s^s- khatra, Danger, fear, risk,

a (ji^UiS- khat-kash, A ruler (to draw

lines) ; a scribe ; one who prescribes, a

law-giver.

a (j-s-Si*- khat-kashl, Lines drawn for the
sake of architectural ornamentation.

a, khat-gvridr, ^fl*- hhat-guxar, A

scribe ; a javelin-man, a lancer.

a JS«s- ihatal, Levity of conversation,
obscenity ; lightness, quickness ; talking
much nonsense ; length and limbemess (in
a horse, lance, <fcc.) ; walking with a swing ;
— kh,atil, A fool, a stupid fellow ; a liberal
man who gives readily and freely ; (an
arrow) hitting the mark; (a garment)
sweeping the ground ; the edge of a tent ;
a gin, a snare ; name of a place ; — khutl
(pi. of akhtal), Bangle-eared (aheep or
dogs).

a ^ fthatm (v.n.), Smiting on the nose
(a camel in order to halter it) ; sewing the
edges of leather ; stringing a bow ; bring-
ing under by words; beak; snout; a
weighty matter; name of a place.

a u+ki khatmi, khitmi, Marsh-mallows.

a kjiatw, A stepping, a proceeding.

a khutwdt, khuf,uwat (pi. of k&ut-

■mat) , Steps, paces.

a *j1=a- khatwat (v.n. of j^), Stepping ; —
%hutwat, The space between the feet in
stepping ; a step, a pace.

Ajjlas- Jchutfir (v.n. of jS«s-), Entering,
occurring, or recurring to the mind ; pos-
sessing great power ; — fchutiir kardan, To
befall ; — hargiz ax ihdtir-am ihutur hard,
Should it ever have occurred to me ? (m.c).

a !»jS=&. Mttt.it t (pi. of hhatt), Lines,
streaks ; letters ; handwritings, manu-
scripts ; — hhututi slmd, Lineaments ; fea-
tures ; — khututi shi'd'lya, Radial lines,
sun's rays.

a jjtjCi. khututi, Linear (demonstration).

a tiet- Mitta, see khittat.

a J^a- khutd (pi. of khutwat), Steps ;
spaces between the feet, when stepping
out.

a fj^- khatti, (A spear grown at, or
brought from, Kh&tt.

a ' i ■t ^* kh,atib, A preacher ; a reader of
prayers at a mosque ; an able orator ; —
kjiatibi ilahi, A revealer of secrets ; one en-
gaged in rehearsing the praises of God ; a
reader of the Qur'an ; a professor of belief
in the unity of God ; — khatibi falak, Ju-
piter.

a ct**^ khafibi, Preaching ; — kJtaftbi
kardan, To preach.

a iiU- khati'at, S-^- khatiyat, A sin, fault,
crime ; a little of anything.
I a jal*s- ihfltlr (v.n. of Lashing the

sides with the tail (a stallion) ; great,
honorable, dignified (a man) ; dangerous,
hazardous ; — amri khatlr, An important,
doubtful or dangerous affair ; — khdtiri
khatlr, A penetrating, comprehensive
mind.

a khatlf, Swift (dromedary) ; a

martin,

a Zs^bs. Itha&at, A sin, fault, crime pur-
posely committed.

a fe» khuzuw, Firmness, compactness (of
flesh).

khaf, khuf, Tinder ; the fire-emitting
tree markji ; a wrapper for clothes.

a <_ii ijtaff (v.n.), Crying, barking (a
hyena) ; — khiff (v.n.), Being light ; light
(of weight or morals) ; a small number of
people; — khuff, A boot; the sole of the
human foot ; also of a camel or ostrich.

Us. khaf a (for Ate. q.v.), Strangulation; —
khafd kardan, To strangle.

a khaf a' (v.n. of "o^.), Being con-
cealed.

a uiAas- Mufat, khafdt (v.n. of ut~te-),
Dying suddenly.

a J^-Us. khufdjil, Tongue-tied.

&»-Us. khafdja, &&Aaa. khafdeha, A certain
banditti of plundering Arabs.

a jl&t khufdr, khuffdr, kkufarat, Pro-
tection, safeguard •, a compact; price of
patronage or protection.

A Ji>^- khuffdsh, A bat.

a .-JUs. Jchifaf (pi. of khuff), Boots ;—
ihufaf, Light; name of a man; — lehaffaf.
A boot-maker or vendor.

a yi^iUi. kAaffdflsh (pi. of kjiuffash),
Bats.

aJUs. khafdla, A flight of birds (see alU* ,
of which it is probably a misreading).

qa^Us. khafdnidan, To make (a needle)
prick.

a V.Us- khaf ay a, (pi. of hhafi), Secrets.

a khiffat, khaffat (v.n. of <-Ai), Being
light (in weight or in dignity) ; lightness,
levity ; agility, nimbleneBS ; slighting, in-
sult.

A «*te. iJiaft (v.n.), Speaking in a whis-
per.

(jUAi. kjiaftdn, A veBt worn under ar-
mour; according to others also helm,
armour, weapons.

>_i\i4. t$\s&4- khaftdn-shikdf, Khaftan-
piercing.

yji-iUii- Jehuftdnidan, To cause to roll ;
to cause to sleep ; to render (the limbs)
torpid.

«slxte. kjkuftak, The nightmare ; a heron.

^fc&s. khuftagi, A lying down, bending ;
— khuftagi giriftan, To bend or lie down.

(^i^- khuf tan (S. svap), To sleep ; to lie
down ; to sleep (as the limbs) from a stop-
page of the circulation of the blood, to be
benumbed ; to be blunt (the edge of a
sword) ; to become thick ; to congeal, clot ;

( 468 ) jfe

to kiss ; — chu saw dar gil hhyftan, To wal-
low, to roll ; to die ; — namdzi khvftan. The
prayer before going to sleep.

V<*^xai kh,uftan-jd, A bed; a bed-cham-
ber.

^yjit. khuftani, Fit to be lain upon.
y&&- khnftu, The nightmare.
^ } «^te. k&uft-u-k&ez, Slowness ; a deli-
berate progress ; agitation, commotion ;
restlessness, inconstancy ; coition ; — thwft-
u-khex kardan, To object, to offer opposi-
tion.

hhafta, Cough ; — ihufia, Sleeping,
asleep ; extended on the ground ; curved,
bent ; buried ; thick (milk) ; the game of
tip-cat ; — kjhufta dawldan, To run swiftly.

(jiks. khufti, An evening meal, supper
(opposed to chashti).

yAjiii kh,uflidan, To roll, wallow ; to be
asleep; to kneel; to kiss each other; to
become thick and clotted (milk).

jAs- khaf], khafaj, The nightmare; — kha-
faj, Wild mustard ; — khufj, A tomb, sepul-
chre ; an owl (see g*- 4 *-).

kk&fj (v.n.), Copulating; — khafaj.
Having a tremor in the fore-legs before
rising np from the ground (a camel) j
trembling (of anything) ; being crooked
(a leg).

khafajd, The nightmare.
khafja, A tree bearing a red fruit,
(j^&s. khafchdq, Noble ; name of a desert
in Turkistan ; nomad Tartars. (See

a^te- khafcha,An ingot of gold or silver;
flowing ringlets ; a straight branch shoot-
ing up ; the stick with which legal flogging
is administered ; hawthorn ; — khufcha, A
goad ; according to some = <s^ste. q.v.

a AAa- k&afd, khaf ad, yl^M. kh.afaddti
(v.n. of •***-), Going fast (an ostrich).

^.ite. khaf dan, A garment worn in battle
(see <j^-).

i-ite. khafda, Bent, curved, crooked.
Aj&s. khafr (v.n.), Protecting, patron-
izing; escorting; giving pardon or secu-
rity (to a vanquished enemy) ; — khafar,
Being very bashful ; excessive modesty.
Ey 1 *- khafraj, Jchafarj, Purslain.
jji*. khafraq, A word used in reviling,
gsyus. khaf van], The nightmare,
jjis. khafazd. j-^ 4 *- kRafazdu, usljoyid. kha-
fazduk, •>)Ad. khafazhd, A beetle.

a (j«A5. khafs (v.n.), Deriding, ridiculing.
A (jiii- kJtafsh (v.n.), Throwing; — kha-
fash, Being weak, feeble ; smallness of the
eye ; weakness of sight (so as to see in the
night but not in the day, and in a dull but
not in a clear medium).

a (j***- khafz (v.n.), Abasing (the proud) ;
lowering (the voice) ; easy life ; doing with
ease; eireumcisiag a girl; abiding in a
place ; putting a noun in the oblique case.
a khafq (v.n.), Palpitating (the

heart) ; trembling, waving (a flag) ; float-
ing, undulating (vapours) ; vibrating (a
flash of lightning) ; nodding the head (from
drowsiness); beating with the lash; tap-
ping with anything broad; flapping the
wings in flying (a bird).

A yUfcs. kkafaqan, kfaafqan (v.n, of
Palpitating, trembling, waving, floating
(flag or the heart) ; palpitation of the
heart.

a ^Ua*. JsJ^afaqant, Subject to palpita-
tion.

khafak, Strangulation, suffocation
(unsupported by examples ; see uei*i).

o^**- iAofagi, Displeasure, anger.

i&afanj, Profit, advantage ; plea-
sure, delight, blandishment, coquetry ; —
ihufunj, Monuments, especially of martyrs ;
an owl (unsupported by examples).

(jjAAit khafandan, To sprinkle ; to cough,
breathe hard.

yjjiUA*. khafandidan, To be suffocated.

a. ivy*- khufut (v.n. of ts-ia-), Ceasing
to speak, becoming mute or silent.

A_y*<- khufur (v.n. of Failing to

afford protection, breaking a promise, be-
traying.

x uya. Mtufuf (v.n. of Ju.), Being little
and few ; walking fast, being light.

a jjii kkufuq (v,n. of (3*^), Setting
(of a star) ; nodding the head from drow-
siness ; being almost past (the night) ; the
flight of a bird.

&U. kjtafa, A cough ; suffocation, stran-
gling ; sneezing ; [khafa budan, To be suf.
focating, to choke ; — khafa kardan, To
strangle;] — kkufa, A cough.

khafa-kun, Sultry, suffocating.

^SM. kJiafa-gi, Suffocation.

a ^ta. khaji, Clandestine, concealed.

Ao^i ihafiyat (pi. of khafiyat), Se-
crets.

A hte- khifyat, Jchufyat, khufya (v.n. of
u**-), Concealing oneself; concealment; a
Becret tdar khufya, Secretly, clandestinely) ;
—khafiyat, Anything hidden, latent, se-
cret.

a "UjAt khufyatan (for A. %&-), Secretly,
privately.

•M 4 - khufid, Agreeable, acceptable ;
known, renowned, celebrated (see teste-
khufida below).

t)J*4s- khajidan,, To breathe, breathe
hard, pant ; to cough ; to sneeze ; — khuji-
dan, To cough.

i^M- k&afida. Strangled, suffocated ;
sneezing; — khufida, Troubled with a
cough; known, published, blazoned abroad,
celebrated.

a khafir, A protector, guardian,
keeper.

a khatif. Light (of weight) ; un-

dignified, immoral, weak in understanding ;
nimble, agile, dexterous ; lightly sounded ;

( 469 ) A*.

a metre (fd'ildtun mustaf'ilun fd'ildiun, =

six times repeated).

a i-A*fci. khafif-dwdz, Babbling, a bab-
bler.

a *Mi khafifa, Light (fern.) ; a small-
cause court (in India).

a <J^~ khafifi da'ira, Centre of a
circle.

a (JM±- khafiq, Murmuring of the wind.

a &tJn- khvfya-mahdl, Lands hid

from government.

a j*& khvfya-nigdr, <j~ij khufya-
nawis, A writer of secret intelligence, em-
ployed by government.

khakdv, Name of a country.

u^-aXs. khahushlc, A painted earthen jar,
in which the Persians put sweetmeats, &c,
and present them to their friends at the
festival of nau-roz, or new-year's day ; in the
city of Ehallukh they formed part of a
bride's trousseau, and girls used to fill
them with coloured fluids with which they
besprinkled each other in fun,

khakidan, To trample under foot.
kkagav, Name of a country.

J<*- kjial (imp. of khalidan). Prick thou j
(also with imperative meaning) come thou ;
arrival ; — khil, khul, Snot ; — khul, Bent,
curved, crooked ; mad ; ashes ; the funda-
ment.

t J*- khil, A tribe.

A J*- hhall (v.n.), Being diminished,
extenuated, lean ; becoming poor ; slitting
the tongue of a young camel to prevent its
sucking ; vinegar ; anything sour or bitter ;
a track through sand ; lean, and, by oppo-
sition, fat ; weak (man) ; an old garment ;
a rent in a garment ; a vein in the neck
and back ; thinly plumaged (bird) ; evil,
wickedness, and, by opposition, good, ex-
cellence, honour ; — khill, khull, A friend,
particularly a sincere and intimate one.

^ khild (probably for khilab). Mud.

A khald' (v.n. of /^), Being vacant,
deserted (a place) ; vacancy ; an empty,
solitary place ; a privy.

s^ks- khaldb, khilab, Mud ; water mixed
with mud ; a miry, slippery place ; soft
earth or mire into which the feet sink.

a ki-L khildbat (v.n. of s-k-), Deceiving
with words, disappointing ; tongs, forceps.

t>^ khalabar, J^.^ khaldhaeh, A boarded
servant (in the dialect of Giliin).

a (jWSi- khald-jdy, A privy.

khaldsh, khildsh, Tumult, strife ; —
kAildsh, Muddy water ; a miry place.

khildshma, khaldshima, A disease
from indigestion ; a sore throat.

<5a^ khaldsha, A rudder; a stick used
as a dentifrice ; rubbish of sticks or
thorns.

^Sus. khaldshl, A mariner, a sailor.

a {j***- ihalds, Liberation, release de-

( 470 )

liverance ; redemption ; liberty ; health ;
[khald? khwastan. To seek or wish for re-
lease ; — khalas dddan (kardan), To set at
liberty ; to leave alone, to leave tranquil
(m.c.) ;— khalas shndan (gashtan, yafian).
To be rescued ;] — khilas (v.n. 3 of u 4 ^ 4 -), Act-
ing sincerely or candidly (towards another) ;
anything select or exquisite ; gold or silver
refined in the fire ; genuine money ; the
best and purest of anything ; — khallds, A
saviour, deliverer.

a khuldsat, khulasa, The purest and
best part or substance of anything ; ab-
stract, conclusion, inference, moral ; the
essence of a thing ; (adverbially) in fine, in
Bhort ; to sum up, finally (in. a).

a ylS^ii khuldsagdn (pi. of khulasa).
Choice, pure, most select.

a khalasi, Freedom, liberation, es-
cape, redemption, discharge ; sailor; native
artilleryman.

a L%±. khalat, The capital of lesser Arme-
nia, proverbial for the coldness of its cli-
mate, and said to be ten months without
game or fish, which during the other two
months are so plentiful, that the inhabi-
tants not only lay in large provisions, but
export great quantities as well ; — khiltit
(v.n. 3 of Isli), Intermixing, intermingling;
a miscellaneous herding of men, camels, or
sheep ; coition ; being perplexed in mind,
losing one's wits.

a gii- khuW, Epilepsy ; — khila' (for
khila'), Dresses of honour.

A tete. khald'at (v.n. of jli.), Casting
off all regard for one's parents ; being dis-
carded by parents and relations ; unruli-
ness, disorderliness ; depravity.

khaldf (for A. khildf), A willow, an

osier.

a <-i^- hMlaf (v.n. 3 of <*&*-), Opposing,
contradicting, rebelling against, a kind of
willow or osier.

a iiJi- khildf at (v.n. of Ui)^), Following,
coming behind ; succeeding, supplying an-
other's place ; calif ate, vicegerency, lieu-
tenancy ; imperial dignity ; monarchy.

a ))) «-*^ khildf-warz, Contradictions.

a (jjjy <-J^*- khildf-warei, Opposition, con-
tradiction, contradictiousness.

a (j 4 ^ khilufi, fem. khildjiyat, Contra-
dictory; controversial, polemic; — mas'ala'i
khildfl, A matter of dispute, a question of
controversy.

a uwlsi&t khildf at (pi. of khildfiyat).
Debated points, controversial matters.

A xpt- khaldq, A plenteous portion of
good fortune or happiness ; — khildq, A
species of aromatic or perfume ; — khalldq,
The Creator, God Almighty.

a khalal, Sour dates ; [Jthaldli na-
rinj, Orange-peel ;] — khilal, khalal. Show-
ing affection, cultivating friendship ; —
Ifhildl, A space or interval between two

things ; a toothpick ; (pi. of ihillaf) friend-
ships ; friends ; (pi. of khallat) qualities ;
properties ; [khildl kardan, To leave oft
eating ; — khildli mdmiini, Sweet rush, from
which toothpicks are made ;] — khalldl, A
vinegar-merchant.

a khalalat, khildlat, khuldlat, Sin-
cere friendship, candour, sincerity ; — khu-
Idlat, Bits of meat picked from between
the teeth ; ripe dates sought amongst un-
ripe ones.

a &^W<s- khildlcha, A small toothpick.

a khildldan. A toothpick-case.

Jhji%t. khaldlush, i^^ls. khaldhitsh, Mul-
titude, tumult ; hubbub, uproar, riot, sedi-
tion.

a khald-mald, Unfeigned friend-

ship.

khaldn, Mud at the bottom of a cis-
tern.

a ySki khulldn (pi. of khcdil), Intimate
friends.

J*fU- khaldnush. Tumult, contention;
the clamour of a mob ; the water-lily ; a
medicine.

yd-j^ khaldnidan, To insert, to thrust
or stick in, to fix, infix.

a SjJa- khaldwat, Free, quit, clear.

iJijSus- khaldwueh, Busy hum, noise, tu-
mult.

s^U. khaldwa, khildwa. Astonished ; cla-
mour.

a US%u khald'if (pi. of khalifat), Vice-
gerents, caliphs.

a ijfSw- khala'iq (pi. of khahqat), Natures,
tempers, dispositions ; creatures, men,
peoples.

a *Uj <jfV- khala'iq- fanah, Asylum of
men.

s-As- khalab, A reed not yet made into
a pen ; — k&ilb, Snot ; — hhulb, A powder for
the eyes.

a s-k- khalb (v.n.), Seizing with the
talons ; wounding with the nails, clawing,
scratching, tearing; biting; beguiling, de-
ceiving; — kkilb, A nail, claw, talon; the
pericardium ; a vine-leaf ; — Jchulb, khulub,
Fibres of the palm-tree ; a rope made
thereof; heart or pith of the palm-tree;
black mud or clay ; — kkullab. Clouds with-
out rain ; — barqi khullab, A lightning not
followed by rain ; (met.) a maker of vain
promises.

r <^hs, khlab, Bread (m.c).

t^A*. khalbtiy (Or. x a ^P<^ v v)> Galbanum,
benzoin.

a £1*. khallat, Nature, property, quality
(good or bad) ; poverty ; sour wine ; a
chink, gap, interval ; a camel-foal ; — khillat,
A rich sword-sheath of leather adorned
with jewels and gold ; a bow-case ; remain-
ders of food between the teeth ; — khullal,
Sincere friendship ; a friend; green food;

( 471 )

— khullati makhsusa. Most intimate friend-
ship.

a e*^ khalj (v.n.), Drawing away, carry-
ing off ; making a signal by a wink of the
eye or eye-brows ; engrossing, occupying
(care) ; weaning; brandishing a spear" and
piercing with it to the right and left ; —
ihalaj, The aching of the bones from ex.
cessive labour ; — khuluj, Name of a people
in Arabia ; (pi. of khalij), Small ships.
_ a om*- k&alajdn, Throbbing, beating (a
limb); agitation, commotion, anxiety;
love, desire ; inclination, propensity ; name
of a village adjacent to Shiraz ; — khalajdn
ihudan, To tremble, to be agitated.

fck- Jchalach, A horde of Turkomans.

^J*- khulcha, A stick with a curved
head.

t^- khallukh, A large city in Khatay re-
markable for the comeliness of its inhabi-
tants ; fragrant.

a JUAs- khalkhdl, Name of a large city
between Gilan and Kaswin ; an ankle-ring ;
fine thin cloth (construed with the verb
poshidan) ; — khalkhdli ear, The buu ; —
khalkjtdli falak, The sun; the moon.

a yW<<- khalkhdn, Name of a herb from
which potash is made, found near Balkh.

a ilatU- khalkhala, Worn out, thin (gar-
ment) ; loose.

a aLs. khalad, Heart, mind, soul; — khuld
(v.n.), Abiding ; lasting for ever ; eternity,
perpetuity ; paradise (also khuldi barln) ;
an ear-ring ; a bracelet ; — khuld, khald, A
mole (in the dialect of Shiraz) ; a kind of
lark.

a 5^4. khiladat (pi. of khuld), Bar-rings ;
bracelets.

a ^yLC* aU. khuld-rnakani, Exalted to
heaven (title given to deceased princes,
&c).

y^s- Jchular, khullar, khalar. Peas ; beans.

a (jJU. khah (v.n,), Seizing, drawing
away, carrying off.

a khafoat, One seizing, drawing
away, carrying off ; — khulsat, Eapine, plun-
der ; mixture of herbage, partly dry, partly
green ; white hair intermingled with black.

yS-la- khalish, A wounding; the sinking
(of a thorn) into the flesh ; stop, interrup-
tion ; solicitude, suspicion.

•aUJus. khalushk, The feet of long drawers,
= utUJ^. q.v. ; — khulnsKk, Spittle.

a yoli. khalas (v.n.), Being broken or
loose (the bones within the flesh) ; a kind
of sweet-smelling, berry-bearing parasite ;
— khils, A sincere friend.

a "loU- khulasd' (pi. of khils), Sincere
friends.

a (jUU. khulsdn (pi. of khils), Sincere
friends.

A Uus. khalt (v.n.), Mixing ; — khilt, A fool,
an ignoramus ; a mixture, miscellany ; per-
fumes mixed together ; one of the (four)

humours of the human body ; chyme ; a
bow or arrow which, from the curved
nature of the wood, cannot be made
straight ; plexus (of blood-vessels or
nerves) ; — khilti riya, Pulmonary plexus ; —
khilti shamsl. Solar plexus ; — khilti 'ajws,
Sacral plexus; — khilti 'azad, Brachial
plexus; — khilti 'unq ( l unuq), Cervical
plexus ; — jkhilti qatan, Lumbal plexus.

a «U=U- khulatd (pi. of khaUt), Partners,
companions.

a khiltat, A woman who mixes with
men ; society, intercourse ; — khultat, Part-
nership.

a £ll Jcftal' (v.n.), Drawing out (slowly) ;
pulling off (clothes, &c.) ; deposing, remov-
ing from office ; setting a wife free on her
resigning the marriage-settlements j waxing
strong, showing signs of puberty (a youth) j
putting forth the beard (an ear of corn) j
investing with a robe of honour ; luxation ;
\_khalH zati'i mafsili fakhiz, Spontaneous
luxation ; — khal'i mafsil, Dislocation of a
joint;] — khul', Divorcement.

a khil'at, A robe of honour ; a hono-
rific dress with which princes confer dig-
nity upon subjects, consisting at the least
of turban, robe, and girdle ; — khul'at, A
divorce granted at the request of the wife ;
the best part of one's property.

a <jV&j> khil'at-poshdn, Name of a

place near Tabriz.

a u\a. khil'at-khdna, The place

where robes of honour are prepared.

yW, £lt khul gh shudan, To suffer from
the disease called Cholera ablactatcrum
(an expression used by the Jews of Hama-
dan).

a Uili khalf (v.n.), Coming, after or
behind, succeeding (as day to day, or as
people to people) ; generation after genera-
tion ; obscene talk ; sin, crime ; a short
rib ; the head of a razor ; the edge of an
axe ; a large hatchet ; a vicious son ; a
worthless fellow ; absent (tribe) ; or after
being absent now present; a drawing of
water ; vomiting ; behind, after ; — khilf, A
camel's dug, or the tip of it; litigious,
quarrelsome ; summer herbage ; — lehalaf,
A successor ; a favourite son ; — ■ khalif,
Pregnant camels.

a "Valus. kjkulafd' (pi. of khalifat), Vicars,
substitutes, lieutenants, khalifs ; — khula-
fai 'usmdniya, The Turkish Emperors.

a ids. kAilfaf (v-n. of oili), Succeeding,
a succession; plants growing up after
others are withered ; autumn or summer
herbs or fruits succeeding those of the
spring ; — khulfat, Vice, fault, blemish ;
folly, stupidity.

<wiii khulfa, Pur slain.
a (jAU Isfecdafi, Successive.
a <j.li£- khalq (v.n.), Measuring accu-
rately, defining the dimensions (of lea-

<$U ( 472 ) ^

tber before it is cut) ; producing, creating ;
feigning, deceiving ; smoothing, level-
ling ; created things, creatures ; [khalqi
dtishin, Devils; — khalqi chahdr yar, An
appellation which the Turks give them-
selves ; — khalqi 'dlam, Mortals, man,
people; — khalqi 'adalat, An appellation
which the Persians give themselves ; —
khalq kardan, To create ;] — khulq, khuluq,
Nature, disposition, temper ; quality ; cus-
tom, manner ; religion, humanity ; [khulqi
atishln, Anger, rage, fury; a person of
violent temper;] — k&alaq (v.n.), Being
threadbare ; worn-out clothes.

a jtjf kJialq-dzdr , Man-oppressing.

a <yVaU. Afeulqdn (pi. of khalaq), Thread-
bare garments ; threadbare, worn out ; —
jama'i kjiulqdn, Ragged clothes.

a jS<^ y^la- khulqan-farosh, A seller of
old wares.

a. &&s. khttqat, Creation ; natural form or
property ; make.

a Jk. khalqi, Natural.
a *«il<s- khalqlyat, Creation.

a JU. khalal (v.n. of Ji), Being marred,
thrown into confusion (business), by fault
or negligence ; rupture, breach ; flow ; de-
fect ; change for the worse ; — khalal rasa-
ividan, To damage.

aj\Ji\ Jia. kjialal-anddz, Introducing con-
fusion.

a^i> Jl*- kjialal-jpanr, What admits of
or is subject to confusion ; disordered.

a JUj JU. hhakd-damagk, Hare-brained,
crazy; hot-headed.

a jli. tthalali, Interrupter ; disturber,
mischief-maker.

pU- kAilm, Anger, indignation ; adhe-
sive mud ; — khilm, kJiulm, Snot {khikn,
dadan, To run with snot) ; — khulum, Name
of one of the dependencies of Balkh, on
the confines of Badakhshfin, and called
dihi fir'aun, Pharaoh's village.

a ,4*. khilm, A friend, a companion ; the
covert of a deer ; the tallow upon a sheep's
entrails.

8JU.U. khilm-dih, Snotty (nose).

*-«JLs. khulma. Head of a mace or club.

(jjJlj^U. khilmidan, To blow the nose ; to
be angry.

fcjiulin, A snotty-nosed fellow.

gjJus. kjialanj, khilanj, Bi-coloured ; pie-
bald ; — khilanj, A black pigeon with mot-
tled wings ; — khilinj, Torpor of the limbs ;
a pinching with the nails.

a giitf- khalanj. A tree from which they
make beams or wooden bowls.

a khalanj an, The root galangale.

jjuli khalandar, Origan, a root.

tjuit khalanda, Penetrating, wounding.

*iSLdi khalang, Bi-coloured, piebald ; —
khil&ng, Pinching the skin with the nails.

jli khfltlu, A large, well-formed dama-
scene plum ; name of a mountain.

A jU* khilw, Empty, vacant ; — kkulaw
(v.n.), Being empty, vacant, deserted (a
place); retiring to consult in private;
granting a private interview.

bV 15 " k&alwdj, A carnivorous bird; a
kite.

A BjU- khalwat (v.n. of jJa), Granting a
private interview, retiring to consult in
private ; retirement, solitude, privacy ; a
closet, private apartment ; a private audi-
ence ; — kjialwati saMh, Complete retire-
ment, where ia no legal or natural impedi-
ment to the commission of the carnal act
of marriage ; — kjialwat kardan. To retire j
to evacuate (a place) ; to dismiss ; — dar
khalwat didan, To see privately.

a iiWjU. khalwat-khdna, khalwat-
sard, The women's apartment, or any
other private apartmont ; an oratory, place
for private prayer.

a itA-jj vsjjU- kjialwat dost, Pond of pri-
vacy.

a sISTjU- khalwat-gdh, 4&jU- khahvat-gah,
A solitary place, one of retirement and
seclusion.

a BJtyf uwjli. khalwat-guzida, tf.jf uyjl*-
kjmlviat-guzin, Solitary, a X'ecluse.

a, (^AiSfii. khalwat-nishin, Sitting in soli-
tude.

a u'^k- khalwati. Solitary ; a recluse ;
name of the poet Ismail Jainalu'd-din ; —
khalwati guftan, To talk in secret (m.c.).

a gjJu. khaluj. Scattered clouds full of
rain ; — khuluj (v.n. of gl<s-), Throbbing,
quivering, flying about (the eye).

A JjLs- %hulud (v.n. of aU.), Being per-
petual, enduring.

a yfjis- khuliis (v.n. of i>>ks-), Being good,
choice, excellent, pure, unmixed ; purity,
sincerity ; reaching to, arriving at ; sedi-
ment at the bottom of a vessel, &c

a <_*La\ ufjks- kjiulu$-ittisdf, Characterized
by sincerity.

a £*»jU- khulusiyat. Purity, candour,
honesty.

a i^ijU- khuluf (v.n. of <-il**), Remaining
behind ; becoming offensive (breath from
fasting) ; turning, becoming deteriorated
(food or drink) ; drawing or drinking
water; discarding an old garment and
taking a new one; present after having
been absent, and vice versa ; a tribe having
departed from their dwelling-place, not one
remaining behind.

a jjl*. khuluq, A kind of aromatic.

khulii-gurda, A kind of large
plum (see <^-).

• L5^1i khulollyd, Common to all ; melan-
choly, gloom; shameless, barefaced ; mad.

3j1a khuliva, Disgraced, infamous.

^ khala, A helm or rudder; an oar;
any sharp, piercing thing (as a needle or
awl) ; a wound (construed with the verbs
kjipurdan, dadan, ddshtan, kardan, g%ia»h'

did. (

tan, ydftan, &c.) ; void, empty ; lost; trifles,
silly discourse, senseless talk; anything
that goes off by degrees ; wind in the
bowels causing acute pain ; a writing
signed by a judge, confirming any mercan-
tile transaction ; — khula, A helm, an oar ;
—hhulla, Snot ; — kjiulla'i chashm, Dirt in
the eyes.

vy*- khala-chdb, A rudder ; an oar.

a <J** khali, Empty, void ; free, at leisure ;
owing nothing, clear of ; void of care.

a khallyat, A large ship (as being
free from the impulse of oars) ; a camel
allowed to go free for milking ; a camel
taking a liking for another's colt ; a di-
vorced woman ; a bee-hive.

khatita, A purse, a linen bag (see

a khalij, Bay, frith, gulf ; a bason,
or dock ; a river or its banks ; a large
bowl ; a rope.

khalldagl, Puncture (of a needle).

yA^lis- khaUdan, To prick ; to pierce into
the flesh (a needle or thorn), causing pain
thereby ; to sting (as a scorpion) ; to sew.

khalida, Punctured, pricked ; stung;
a puncture,

Jj iXsU. khallda-dil, With an impatient
heart, in eagerness of heart.

(^yBA^li khalida-rawdn, The sou! stung
with grief, broken-hearted.

au~*l*- khalls, A mixture of two things,
as of dry and fresh grass, rabies and
pearls ; a beard of two colours ; half-gray ;
a white man whose white is mired with
black; ripe hay, at the roots of which
herbage is sprouting; a withered plant.

i_r«k khalifih, khillsh, A tumult, a crowd ;
yielding ; adhesive mud; a thermal spring,
tepid water ; a place whose air is very hot.

A khallt, Mixed ; any mixture, as
clay and straw, hay and grass ; date-wine
and raisin-wine mingled together; a mixed
crowd ; a number of persons having a com-
mon right; partner, co-partner; a hus-
band ; a first cousin.

a tSaJ*. 'khallta, A bag, a purse ; — kha-
lita'i tvfdn, An exciter of disturbance, ca-
lumniator, mischief-maker.

a g»U khali', Wicked (youth, and there-
fore deserted by his friends) ; a hunter ;
one who draws a blank in the game of
arrows ; a demon or ghul ; a wolf ; un-
manageable, shameless; — khali'u 'l-'izdr,
Simple, free from every kind of encum-
brance, unconcerned, listless.

A «-A*ls. khalif, A road or valley between
two mountains.

a Aislii- Jchalifat, khalifa, A successor, a
lieutenant, vicegerent ; a Caliph, title given
to the Muhammadan sovereigns as succes-
sors of their prophet with absolute autho-
rity in worldly and spiritual matters ; —
khalifatu 'l-ldh, The vicegerent of God, i.e.

473 ) ^

Adam ; — kAalifa'i xaman (xamin), The em-
peror of the age (woildj, i.e. the reigniug
ruler; — khalifa'i kuttab, The monitor of a
school.

a ij^i*- kkaliq, Worthy, fit, suitable ; well-
proportioned ; habituated, accustomed ;
humane, polite.

a khaUgat, Nature, disposition ; a

created thing, a creature.

a J«li- khaki, A sincere and intimate
friend ; poor, indigent ; — khalUu 'l-lah,
The friend of God, i.e. Abraham.

Q Ai .t . - U khilimidan, To blow the nose.

S^jJt k^aliwaj, A kite.

f**- kham, Crooked, bent, twisted, curled,
curved ; a curl, knot, ringlet ; crookedness,
curvature, convexity ; a ply, fold ; a row,
rank ; flight ; that part of a noose which
encircles the neck ; also the eye or ring
through which the rope runs to form or
draw tight the noose ; a convex or sharp
roof (en dos d'ane) ; an arch, a dome, a
vaulted roof (also kjj.wnt) ; a house for the
winter season; a summer-house; [kham
andar kham. Twist within twist ; curling
locks; — kJnam dwardan (Jchwurdan) , To be
bent ; — Icham. bash, Be submissive, obey ; —
kham ba-chixe ddshlan, To have absolute
power over anything ; — kham ba-kAam (dar
kham). Much twisted (a lasso, curls); —
kham dddan, To bend ; to give an inclina-
tion ; to be bent ; to repel ; to resist ; —
kham dar khami kase ddshtan, To have
absolute sway over a person ; — kham zadan,
i To flee, to run away ; to lean to orje side
(the scale of a balance) ; — kham shudan,
To be bent, to bow ; — kjiam kardan, To
bend, crook ; to twist, curl ; — khami kase
khwurdan, To be deceived, cheated, taken
in, by a person; — kham hashidan (giriftan),
To be bent ; — kham nishdnldan dar, To
twist round ; — pas iham zadan, To flee,
to ruu away;] — khirn, A painful wound;
pus, matter; nature, disposition; snot
(see ,»!*-) ; [kjiimi chashm, Dirt in the eye ;]
— Mum, khumm, A jar, large vessel ; an
alembic, still; a trumpet; a cymbal; a
drum ; an arch, drum, vaulted roof ; si-
lence ; silent; — khumi db, A water-jar; —
khumi (khami) dhan.giin (liisu-ward), The
firmament; — khwm bar tariki aar hashidan,
To drink wine immoderately ; — torn bat-
tan bar chize, To fasten the drum upon; —
khum labdlab zadan, To indulge in wine-
j drinking to excess ; — khumi nil ba-ziydn
raft, The indigo-jar has come to grief (a
proverbial expression of wonderment, said
to originate from a notion entertained by
dyers that when their dye through any
accident has been spoiled, it may be re-
stored by telling some miraculous story) ;
— khumi haft-josh, A drum made of a com-
pound of seven metals (see <^~4») ; the
club of an athlete; — ba-hhum (ba-&ham)

dar ehudan, To watch, contemplate, ob-
serve.

i Ui khamd-khwgraw, A note in music.
a jU. khimar (v.n. 3 of Hiding
oneself, lurking ; a woman's veil or head-
dress; a veil or covering in general; —
khumar, Crop-sickness after drinking ;
languishing appearance of the eye, the
effect of love, of drowsiness, of drinking,
&c. (construed with the verbs burdan,
birun kashidan, dddan, ddshtan, rekhtan,
shikastan, hashidan, nishdndan, &c.) ; name
of a city in Khata •, — khainmar, A vintner,
a wine-merchant ; (met.) the eye of the be-
loved.

a Jift jUi khwmar-dlMd, Intoxicating
(eyes).

a 4sU- ,Ui5- khumdr-khdna, A tavern.

a osSlijW khumdrndk. Dim (eye).

a *)Ui khammdra, A tavern.

a lsj!-**- kkumari, Given to drinking
wine, drunken; languishing; drunken-
ness ; crop-sickness after drinking.

a ^Uii. khurndsi, A word of five letters ;
a kind of magic pentagon.

khamdsh. a^Ui khamdslia, Sha-
vings, parings, rubbish.

a gW- kh.uma\ A limping, halting pace.

yjj t^U& khummak zadan, To clap hands
(see <jilj-<i).

A JU^s. khumdl, A limping gait, or a dis-
ease which causes it; a sincere friend.

g yj-JUis. khamdliyvM, A kind of meze-
reon ; hellebore.

yUi. khamdn (= kaman), A bow ; bend-
ing; bent, curved.

a yUi kjiammdw, A spear; worthless
people, base men.

^U^. khamdnd, A rival ; emulous.

^UUa- khamdnn'i, Similitude.

y^JUi khamamdan, To bend ; to be
bent, curved, twisted ; to distort the
mouth, make mouths at, ridicule ; to mimic
another's words or motions.

khumdhdn, y^Ujs- kJtumdhan, A
kind of hard stone, which when brayed
dissolved in water makes a reddle used
for sealing ; (according to others) agate.

s~*^ khumb (S. khumbha), A large jar;
a trumpet.

^ khar,% ba-kham. Coiled up together.

8^*4. khum-bara, A small jar; a rocket;
name of a bird.

t ^bj^ki khwmbarachi, A thrower of
rockets, a grenadier.

t jjMf ij**;** 6 - kkumbarachi bdshl, Head-
man of grenadiers.

Sjb ^ khum-pdra, A bomb-shell (m.c,
see the preceding).

cl~ws- khumt, A large jar (unsupported
by examples).

B 1 **^ khamjdj, A large painted globular
glass vessel ; a purse ; a travelling bag for
combs and tinder-boxes.

( 474 ) -j***.

khamchdkh, = sV** 5 - q-v.
khumcha, A small wine-jar.
■^Wks- kftum-khdna, A wine-vault, tavern,
^ao**- khumkhum, A red bramble.
a &*atr*J- khamkhama, Speaking through
the nose, nasal twang ; speaking in a
haughty manner; drawling; eating with a
smack.

jlj ^ kham-dar, Twisted, curled, bent.
Q\x*i- khumddn, A repository for jars; a
wine-vault ; a potter's or brick-maker's
kiln.

khamda. Curved, bent ; asleep,
i/i khamr (v.n.), Covering, hiding,
suppressing (evidence); fermenting; lea-
vening ; feeling ashamed, blushing ; gvape-
wine ; any intoxicating drink ; — khamar,
Anything which obstructs the view; a
great crowd ; being concealed ; — khumr,
khumur (pi. of khimdr), Women's veils or
coifs.

a ii;-** khamrat, Wine ; a great multi-
tude ; — khumrat, Wine-dregs or lees ; lea-
ven; a small prayer-mat of palm-leaves;
a small wine-jar, a vessel in which leaven,
oil, perfumes, <fcc. are kept.

a j*<s- khamr-kJtdna, Wine-house,
tavern.

a J*rf j*s. kjiamr-farosh, A vintner.
a JW* y+n± khamr-mahdl. Places at which
arrack and spirituous liquors are sold ; also
a branch of revenue arising from the sale
of arrack and other spirituous liquors.

khumra (contraction of khwm-baraf),
A small wine-jar ; a bomb (see also A.

a ^g^- Jchamri, Eed, porphyry-hued ;
vinous.

a <j-+4- Ma»8 (v.n.), Taking (from the
people) a fifth of their property by way of
tax ; the number five; five (fern.); making
five (as by going into a company of four
people) ; being the fifth ; — items, A water-
ing of camels every fifth day ; a camel thus
watered; a striped stuff; name of a king
of Yaman ; — kfeums, A fifth.

a khamsat, khamsa, Five (masc) ;
the five fingers, the hand ; an aggregate of
five poetical pieces, as the "khamsa of Ui-
zami and of Khosru Dahlawi ; a stanza of
five lines ; — khamsa'i mubdrika {muba-
rakal), The five prospering (blessed?)
ones, the fingers ; — khamsa'i vmtahaiyira,
The planets with exception of sun and
moon (see u~w-) ; — khamta'i mustariqa,
Five supplementary days added to the
Persian year.

ii \^~ t j!- khumistdn* A cellar in which
wine-jars are stowed; a potter's or brick-
maker's kiln.

a Qf. ~ > f< khamsun, khamsin, Fifty ;

— 'Idu 'l-kharnsin, Feast of Pentecost.

a khamsh (v.n.), Scratching (the

face) with the nails ; giving a box on the
ear; mutilating or cutting off a limb.

( 475 )

is***- khamush, Silent ; broken in.
a uP*^ kharns (v.n.), Emaciating (hun-
ger).

a W- khamt (v.n.), Roasting (meat, but
not thoroughly) ; putting milk into a lea-
thern bottle to turn it sour ; sour milk ;
anything bitter or sour (especially the fruit
of the Arak tree) ; any poisonous tree.

a £*i fchim', A wolf ; a thief, a robber.

usUa Jchumak, hhuramah (dim. of khum or
khumm), A small jar; a small dram ; the
noise made in clapping the hands; beating
time in music.

f*t~ kham-karda, Bent, crooked (m.c).
khuin-kada, A wine-house, tavern.

kham-hamand. A noose.
khum gar. A maker or seller of
wine-jars.

4xA.S»t kham-gaMa, Crooked.

J*fi*£- kham-gosh, kham-gosha,
The horns or extremes of a bow.

J**- Miami, Wild saffron, dogsbane.

a J**- khaml, Pile, plush (of velvet and
the like) ; the fringe of a garment ;— khi ml,
Tthuml, A sincere friend.

a aUa khamla, A fringe (unsupported
by examples).

iff* pt. khum-rmihra, A musical shell,
conch.

a khamn (v.n.), Conjecturing, guess-
sing.

<s)U»a khimndk, Sick, diseased.

l*t ) r* 4 - kham-u- chain, Coquetry.

a klmmud (v.n. of -W-), Abating,
going out (flame or fire).

a jj*s- khumur, Wines.

ji>j*i khamosh. Silent, taciturn ; dumb ;
tame, broken in ; the extinguishing of a
candle.

a i_r>j*i- khamush, Gnats ; — khum Ct eh (v.n.
of i_A*£-), Scratching with the nails.

y.\«*>j*i. khamosMdan, To keep silence.

a khumus, The subsiding (of a

swelling).

a khumul (v.n. of J*^), Being, or
rendering oneself mean, despicable, or of
little note ; obscurity, contempt ; — nishasta
ba-ku7iji khumul, Seated in the nook of
obscurity.

a yU*jj+£. khumfdistdn, The land of obli-
vion, the grave.

u**- kkami, Crookedness, curvature ; —
khamVi mind, The inner bend of the knee.

j^a**. Jchamyrlz, SjW**- khamydza, Yawning,
stretching ; — k&amyaza'i pa, Walking with
short steps from languidness ; — khamydza
htthidan, To yawn, to stretch oneself (in
this sense also construed with damulan,
rekhtan, kardan) ; to long for, to wish for,
to desire.

■V* 5 - khamt d, A woman (unsupported by
examples).

^j**^ khamtdagl, Curvature, crooked-
ness ; a limping, halting pace.

t)-****- Jchamldan, To be crooked ; to
limp, halt; — khimidan, To blow r the nose.

sj«*s- Miamida, Crooked, curved, bent.

A j-**- khamir, Dough, leaven, or any-
thing put into a mass of paste to fer-
ment it ; — khamiri tursh, Ferment, leaven ;
— khamlr sakhiani aghziya ba-himuyati bu-
zdq, Insalivation.

a &>\" kfiamif-mdya, Leaven; ori-

gin, cause, nature.

a, bp*-, khamlra, Dough; conserve of
roses or violets.

a Jj-^> Sj**i- khamira'i-sandal, Name of a
conserve.

a kit-amis, A fifth ; the fifth day of

the week (Thursday) ; a garment or piece
of cloth of five cubits; anything consisting
of five parts (especially an army composed
of van, centre, rear, and two wings).

a. ya***- khamls, Extenuated in the belly ;
famished.

a L=~*i- Miami t, Sour milk ; roasted meat,
especially when skinned (opp. to mmif,
when the hair only is singed off it).

a Jn-*s- khanitl, Soft meat ; thick clouds;
pily, plushy or fringed garments or cloths.

fc->!+£- khamina, Heavy, continued, and
unseasonable rain.

t3±- than (for khdna), A house ; the hold
of a ship ( see and ^js^).

a khann (v.n.), Lopping (branches) ;
seining (property).

a U<5- khanu (for ^> q.v.), Obscene or
foolish talk.

a td>Ui khinds (pi. of khunm), Herma-
phrodites.

A Mtandjir (pi. of khanjar) , Daggers,
hangers, swords.

A jjVii khanddiq (pi. of khandnq).
Fosses, moats, ditches.

sjUi, k/tanuda, (in Gil fin) An officer who
communicates the general's orders to the
army.

AjjjUs. MatuUvr (pi. of khinzir), Pigs,
hogs, swine ; glandular swellings in the
neck ; scrofula khandziri batant, Mesen-
terial tuberculosis.

a y-^- khannds, The devil ; a wicked
person ; a fleet horse.

a Mannas', Diabolical, devilish ;

devilisbness.

a ^iLi khindf (v.n. of <-»-^-), Striking
her breast with her hand (a woman) ; weak-
ness and tenderness of the fore-feet (in a
camel) ; twisting the nose (a camel) when
finding the reins painful.

a jUi- khindq, A halter with which any
living thing is strangled ; — khnnu-q, Quin-
sey, inflammation of the throat; diphtheria,
croup ; the place of the throat where they
strangle; strangulation; palpitation of the
heart; [khundqi kdzib, False croup;] —
khanndq, A hangman.

i±!U£. khundk, The quinsey.

( 476 ) JguS*

f^ u - khnndm, khunndm, A disease to
which horses, asses, and mules are subject.

khindmuk, khindmak, Name oE a

herb.

s*t khanab, khamb. An arched building,
cupola, or portico ; — khumb, An earthen
Teasel for holding wiue or water (see ,•*-).

fc>V*a- khumbdn, Moving, shaking, wag-
ging.

(jja^jLas. khambanidan. To mock, mimic.
*/t-«- khum-bara, A small eartheu pot ; —
kjiumbara'i dudn.dk, The sky ; — khumbura,
A water-pot having a small mouth.

«sl*is. khumbak, A small jar or other
vessel ; the noise made by a horse when
drinking ; mocking, ridiculing ; the rim of
a drum ; striking one hand against the
other in beating time in music ; the dress
of a dervish ; — khumbuk, Name of a village
in Badakshan.

khamba, A vine-arbour, trellis ; a
gallery ; — khumba, A large vessel (in which
they lay up corn) of earth or wood hol-
lowed, and crusted over with clay ; a dome.

fcj^s-s-w- khambidan. To be celebrated ; to
be bent ; — khumbidan., To leap, spring ; to
beat time.

khambida, Celebrated, notorious.
>yr i - khampur, khnmpur, The bridge
across the eternal fire ; — khumpur, The re-
surrection ; a sower.

khant. khanai, Lightning, gleam,
coruscation ; the celestial orb ; a brazen
pot ; — khunt (for khumb), A jar.

A ti-uis, khans (v.n.), Bending outwards
(a leathern bottle) at the orifice, in order
to drink therefrom commodiously ; — Ha-
ws (V.n.), Being flexible, pliant; being
doubled up, folded; — khanis, Flexible,
flaccid, pliant.

a Jjiii. khunsa, Asphodel ; a hermaphro-
dite ; neutral.

g^*- khanj, Lost ; vain, unprofitable ; in-
terest, profit, gain, advantage ; the plea-
sures and comforts of life, delight, festi-
vity, song, dance, mirth; a Jeer, amorous
glance ; — khunj. An owl ; name of a coun-
try in Persia.

g«. gAit khanj-khanj. Breathing hard
through the nose.

SA^ii. khanjda, Flesh-glue; — khunjada,
Reddle ; venery ; — fchunjida, A butterfly.

Ajfyit- khanjar, kjianjir, A dagger, po-
niard, hanger; a sword; [khanjar i almas,
The edge of melting snow ; the point of a
sprouting plant piercing the ground; a
steel dagger ; the hardness of the dia-
mond ; — khanjari imam, (met.) An irre-
pressible talker; — khanjar bar tang kashi-
dan (bar fasan zadan), To sharpen a
dagger, Ac. ; — khanjar khwiirdan, To be
hit with a dagger, &c. ; — ■ khanjar xadan
(mdlidan), To strike with a dagger, &c. ;
— khanjari zar (tar-afshdn), Sunrise; a

morning-beam ; — khanjari sim, A morning-
beam ; — khanjari subh, Sunrise ; the morn-
ing-breeze ; — khanjari falak, A morning,
ray ; sunrise ; — khanjari muhannid (hindu-
wan), A sword of Indian steel, an Indian
sword ;] — khanjar, A milch-camel.

a «-AS.> )^±s* khanjar -ba-kaf (ba-kaf an),
Who holds a dagger in his hand.

a ^ J j***- fchanjar-ddr, Armed with a
dagger.

a j\AS } ^us. khanjar-guzar, Skilled in the
use of the dagger.

khanjirud, Irrision ; illusion.
khanjari, A mode of printing or
staining silk (gulbadan) ; striped silks;
stripes ; a small tambourine.

)V <jf**' j! - ihanjari-nawdz, A player on
the tambourine.

— khanjant, Name of the place
where Afrasiyab escaped from Hum (see
**— , of which it seems a corruption).

csX^i. khanjak, A triangular thorn; a
coriander-seed ; a kind of grain ; — khinjak,
An esculent berry from the tree wan ; —
khunjak, Wormwood of Pontus.

ty***- khanjukh, Enoch (see t*&\ and
*>"■>.

a**^ khunja, khanja, Breathing hard
through the nose.

4 khanjida, A balsam ; — k\hunjida, A
butterfly.

}ti*r>4- khanjir, khinjir. Any smell, the
exhalation of fried bones, boiling oil,
melted fat, or an. extinguished lamp ; the
point of a spear; sharp, rough, acrid.

J*^*- khanjll, A swing, a see-saw (in the
dialect of Isfahan).

•ni khand (imp. of khandidan, in comp.
with the meaning of a pres. part, or inf.),
Laughing, smiling ; laughter.

iw-Uii- khand- d-khand, A continual and
hearty laughter,

^Aii khanddn, Laughing; blooming,
blossoming ; bloom, blossom ; name of a
town in China; — khanddn budan (shudan),
To smile, to laugh ; to shine, to flash (a
sword).

JOi khanddn- khand,

khanddn khanddn, Laughing aloud.

(jAitA^s. khanddndan, a-Ml*^ khanddni-
dan, To cause to laugh ; to laugh.

lt-?./- ■»■»«■ khand-khansh, Derision, mock-
ery.

■^.■^ khandakhand (for mj£.\a>^), A
continual and hearty laugher,

0}\±>&. Aii. khand-khanddn, Laughing
aloud.

o*A>" u,s " khandariis (Or. x^&pos) , Fru-
menty.

a u-jjAii khandarle, Old wine ; old
wheat.

^jAii khandarili (Or. xovSptX^), A kind
of succory.

yU-iJoi. khandastdn, A place for laugh-

( 477 )

ter, a play-house ; ludicrous entertainment;
jeer, taunt, raillery; vexation; the Hps of
a mistress.

(jSU-M^i khandastdne, A lip of a mis-
tress.

a j^-s- khandaq (from P. SAt£), A ditch,
foase, moat ; — khandaq zadan, To dig a
moat.

(J'^- khand-agi, Laughter.
lilliAijt khandndlt, A laugher ; merry,
) khand-u-tand, Ruined, topsy-
turvy.

'•us. kjianda, Laaghing ; a laugh ; laugh-
ter ; — khanda'i ikhfilaji, Sardonic smile ;
— khanda'i dftdb (subh), The rise of the
Bun (of dawn); — khanda'i barq, A flash
of lightning; — khanda'i jam (edgAir, shisha,
Burahi, mind), The smile of the bowl ;
— khanda'i khanjar {shamshir), Blood
shed by a dagger or sword ; — khamdn dar
gulu shikastan, To break out in laughter;
— ihanda dar lab bastan, To be continually
BmiliDg; — khanda'i raz, Divulgation of a
secret ; — khanda'i aahm, The gape of a
wound; — khanda'i zainin, Verdure and
flowers; — khanda'i shardb (sahba, mai),
The sparkling of wins ; — khanda'i sham',
The brightness of a candle ; — khanda'i
g&nncha (gul), The opening of a bud, the
blossoming of a flower; — khanda kardan
(xadan), To laugh, to smile. (Also con-
strued with the verbs amadan, bar-ama~
dan, iawdridan, juft kardan, chakidan, dus-
didan, rekklan, jiro khpurdan,, girifta,n, &e.
in phrases easily understood from the con-
text.)

)<ft SiJas. kjianda-awar, Who promotes
laughter.

u~jji khanda-kharish. A laughing-

stock, jeer; laughter; a jeerer ; a flat-
terer.

a (jity khanda-rieh, Laughter ; a

laughing-stock ; — khanda-rish kardan, To
flatter, cajole ; to ridicule.

atfa-L*. khanda-gah (*S gah), The lips of
a mistress.

LS&'" i khanda-gl, ~ ^S^uf- q.y.

«£>U 6,ui kjiandanak, Laughterful.

y^Aii. khandidan, To laugh.

\J*A>*- khandish (contraction of khanda-
rish), Laughter ; a laughing-stock.

a jiy*- khinttir, A boar, hog, pig ; — khin-
ziri khagta-hdl, A wounded boar.

.iS/j"*' khinzlrl, Hoggish; a hog-stye,
piggery.

a (j~si khanat (v,n.), Having a tumed-
up nose ; a snub-nose ; — khunnas, Stars,
planets ; according to others, five of the
seven planets (sun and moon being ex-
cepted).

kjiansdr, Name of an aquatic ani-
mal.

q\ khunistdn. Fortunate, happy.
lA**- kj&nish, An itching, itch.

khunsha, yUrf. fchjinshan, thinshdn,
Happy, fortunate.

A. y^ii. khinsir, khinsar, The little (or
middle) finger ; the little toe.

g^s- khinfij, khanfaj, A black grain
mixed up into an eye-salve.

yto- khanfar, Household furniture (see

a i^i^i khunfas, khinfis, »V-~4a<. kJiunfusa',
khunfasd, A beetle ( = P. } & r**- q- v -)-

)\jju£. khanfashdr, A large species of
duck.

ii^M""?, (vn.), Strangling; [khanqi
atfdli jadidu 'l-wilddai, Asphyxia of new-
born children;] — khaniq, Strangled (see
t3<^4- and J^a^).

cdUi. khunuk, Good, excellent, well ;
happy; cold; frigid, bad (poetry); cool,
temperate ; happiness ; ease, facility ; self ;
a kinsman ; — khunuk sdkhtan, To cool, to
refresh ; — khunuk kardan, To render happy ;
to cool ; — dbi khunuk, Cold wuter ; — hawd'i
khunuk. Fresh or temperate air.

W^s- khunvkd, O how happy ! how good !

jI&js. khvnkdr (for khun-kdr) , An em-
peror.

ueW. khunuk-jdn, Of a cold soul or
temperament; chaste; vindictive.

ijCio^ usU*. khunuk-kunanda, A refrige-
rant (tried.).

Jui khunuk-hawd. Salubrious, fresh.

^SLw- khu/tukt, Temperature, coldness ;
prosperity; a refrigerant; — khunukl'i
chashm, Coolness of the eye, enjoyment
(=A. if) ; — khunuki'i dahan, Cold-

ness or sweetness of the mouth ; — khunuki'i
ha-wti, Temperature of the air, somewhat
cooled.

khwng, Depravity ; — kjdng, White,
gray ; white raiment ; a bow-string ; a
gray horse ; [kjiingi rdhwdr, An ambling
nag ; — khingi mr. The sun ; — khingi shab-
dhang, The moon; break of day; a pie-
bald horse ; the quadruped on which Mu-
hammad is said to have gone to heaven on
the night of mi'rdj ;] — ihung, An angle,
corner; deeply in love; intense love.

k-Sii khingd, An athletic clown ; able-
bodied.

JlSii kjiingal, A perforated mark to
Bhoot at.

4«.<U<5- khing-but (grey image), Name
of one of two huge idols in Bamiiin ; the
other is called aurkji-but, Red image (de-
signated as the " lover " of the former, or
"beloved ").

Ae> <<£.u, khing-bid, A thorn ; white-
thorn.

jjjj khing-ziwar, A piebald horse.

kjiing-sdr, Grey-headed ; salt-
petre.

khangal, A kind of armour.
uSjJ khing-luk, ^£ > <a£.u- khing-u-

luk, Weak, incapable, unskilful.

( 478 )

kjiingu, A sort of dodder.

khunlachak, Name of a herb ; a
sore on the back of a horse or beast of
burden.

a khanw (v.n.), Being obscene in
speech, ribaldry.

A fcjJi khanukh, The prophet Enoch.

Jy*. Jchunud, A small burden placed on
ft beast so as to be able to ride on it as
■well.

khanur, A sower, cultivator ; — kha-
nur, khunur, khunnur, Household utensils,
as pots, pans, knives, or hatchets ; an
earthen vessel for keeping money in ; two
packs thrown across a horse, between which
the rider is seated ; tillage.

a u-yA- khunus (v.n. of Staying
behind ; keeping back.

a £y<s- M»»' (v.n. of Submission,
humility.

khunyd, Modulation, melody, song.

■^\ v id. khunydgar, A musician, singer,
bard, minstrel; playing a tune; — khunyd-
gari faldk, Venus.

<j/V^- khunydgart, Minstrelsy.

khanld, The ringing noise made by a
goblet; fame, celebrity ;—khinid, Sucked;
— khunid, Approbation ; approved, accept-
able.

kkanidan, khunldan (S. svan), To
echo ; to obtain celebrity ; — khinidan, To
suck.

s^sji. kjianlda, Sound, echo ; celebrated ;
a skilful musician ; agreeable, chosen ; ap-
proved ; — khinida, Sucked; — khunida, Cele-
brated, praised by everyone.

a U^tJA. kh.anif, The worst flax ; coarse
hempen cloth,

a kjianlq, Strangled.

uil*^- khuniq, A grey dervish's garment.

jyniA- khanewar, khunewar, A narrow
bridge across the infernal fire ; a cultiva-
tor, sower ; the general resurrection.

kjtav , Ivy ; tares, darnel ; the palm of
the hand ; the sole of a beast's foot ; any
parasitical plant ; a plank upon which
masons, plasterers, or painters stand when
at work; a framework for turning an arch
upon ; a plucking up ; a lopping away of
branches ; the fundament of a horse ; a
handful ; — khu, khu, kjio, Habit, nature,
custom ; — khu dadan (ddshtan, kardan,
giriftan), To accustom, to become accus-
tomed.

V" khawd, Flesh, meat ; — khiwd, Taste,
flavour, relish, delight; — khuwa, Food
enough for a day.

■+r>\f- khwdb, Sleep; giddiness ; a dream ;
nocturnal pollution ; pile, plush ; — khwdbi
ajal, Terminal sleep, death ; — khwdbi
dshufta, Disturbed sleep, restless night ; —
khwab a/mad fcase-ra, One falls asleep; —
khwab dwardan, Cause to sleep, lull ; —
khwdb ba-chirdph guftan, To tell one's

dream to the candle (a superstitious prac-
tice believed to avert the evil consequences
of a dream) ; — khwab burdan, To fall asleep,
to sleep ; (followed by az) to deprive of
sleep ;— khwab buridan, To interrupt sleep ;
— khwab basian, To prevent from sleeping;
— khwdbi pd, Numbness of the foot; —
khwdbi pareshdn, Disturbed or troubled
sleep ; terrible dreams ; — khwdbi tegh, A
stroke with the sword; — khwdbi chdr pahlu,
A long and comfortable sleep ; — khwdbi
jdwid, Eternal sleep, death ; — khwdbi khar-
gosh, A hare's sleep, (met.) negligence, in-
advertency ; feigned negligence ; — khwab
dar dlda (chashrn) sokhtan, To drive away
sleep ; to be banished (sleep) ; to sleep
soundly ; — khwab dar dlda (chashm) shikas-
ian, To banish sleep ; to be banished
(sleep) ; — khwab dokhtan, To disturb one's
sleep, not allow one to sleep ; — khwab
didan, To see in sleep, i.e. to dream ; to be
polluted ; — khwdb rubudan, To snatch a
sleep ; to take or drive away sleep ; — khwdb
raftani 'uzw, Numbness of a limb ; — khwdb
rekhtan bar, To drown in sleep ; — khwdb
zadaii, To take a nap, to sleep ; — khwdbi
sabnk, A light slumber ; — k]iwdb shudan,
To sleep, to be asleep ; — khwdbi saiydd, A
feigned sleep ; any contrivance for deceiv-
ing game ; — khwdbi 'adm, Sleep of annihi-
lation, death ; — khwdb firo mdlidan, Toward
off sleep ; — khwdb kardan, To sleep, to
take a nap ; to make sleep ; — khwdb girif-
tan, To take a nap ; — khwdbi margi, Deathly
sleep, death ; — khwdbi noshln, Sweet, sound
sleep ; — khwdb-u-khwur, Bed and board ; —
fchwdb-u-khiydl, Illusion, fancy ; — ba-khwab
dmadan, To go to sleep, to fall asleep ; to
lie asleep ; — ba-khwab dddan (kardan), To
make one sleep; — ba-khwdb dar-dmadan,
ba-khwab raftan, To fall asleep ; — ba-khwdb
didan, To dream; to see (one) in a dream ;
— ha- khwab sviud nwhdndan, To renouuce
all but God ; — dar khwdb didan, To dream ;
— dar khwdb raftan, To fall asleep ; to go
to sleep ; — dar khwab shudan, To sleep ; to
benumb; — dar shudan ba-khwdb andarun,
(poetically) To fall asleep.

a£% v*V- khwdb-dlud, i-ijtt khwdb-
dluda, Stained or drowned in sleep,
sleepy.

vV- khwdb- dludagl, Drowsiness.
khwdbdndan, yA^^y*- khwdbdni-
dan, To cause or put one to sleep ; to cause
to kneel ; to tump or cover with earth (un-
ripe fruits) in order to mellow them ; to
oppress, beat down ; to thicken (milk).
t'V" khwdb-dwar, A soporific.
tjj» s->V" kh,wdb-burda, Carried off by
sleep, asleep, sleepy.

ju? s-»^ khpdb-band, A spell that pre-
vents from sleeping.

U^j v'V- khwdb-bind, Dreaming ; a
dreamer.

( 479 )

bMiji s-^j*- khpdb-pareshdn, Horrid
dream.

-+>\jt. hhwah-jama, A sleeping-dress,
a night-gown.

khwdb-khdna, A bed, conch ; a
chamber, dormitory.

JW 4 - s-^y 5 - hhwab-hhiydl, A spectre, phan-
tom.

jlj s->^ hhwdb-ddr, Pily, plushy (velvet,
&c).

khwdb-dlda, Breaming ; pol-
luted ; of age,

o^j ^V" khwab-raftagi, Torpor, numb-
ness.

H-^j 4 - khwdb-rafta, Torpid, asleep

(limb J.

5Jj <v»^ khwdb-eada, Drowned in sleep ;
Bleepy, drowsy,
(jjlx^fyi. khwabistdn, A dormitory.
ti&t\y&. khwdb-gdh, a£>^ khwdb-gah, ~
n.v. ;^khwdb-gdhi-gltul, The world,
sj'y- khwdb-gitzdr, Somnolent; dream-
ing ; an interpreter of dreams.

fc)*)*' s^j 4 - khwdb-guzln, "Who chooses
sleep.

Mjj U khwdb-nd-dlda, "Under pu-

berty.

is!u>^y- khwdb-ndk, Sleepy, drowsy ; pily,
plushy (velvet or silk).

^/U^ji khwabndM, Drowsiness ; sloth.

J^f^yL khwdb-nosh, Sleeping.

(ja^fjis. khpdb-noeM, A doze, a nap.

^.x^ji khwdbanidan, To put one to
sleep.

khwaba, (in comp.) Sleeping, as
kam-kfiivaba, Sleeping together with, a bed-
fellow.

A ij^ft- kJiawdbi (pi. of khdbi'at), Jars (for
wine).

^J^jA. khwdbidagi, Negligence.

yArf^ khwdbidan. To lie down ; to sleep,
to knee) ; to remain, to stay ; — ba-piisht
[bar pueht) khwdbidan, To lie on the back ;
to sleep comfortably.

a^ys. khysdbtda, Asleep ; dormant ;
stopped (as a watch).

a khawdtim, (•-s'ly- khawdtim, (pi. of
kjidtam), Seals ; conclusions, endings ; —
khawcUimu '1-m.uluk, Name of a flower.
kkwdtin, Sister (see ^j^JW).

a khawdtln (pi. of kjidtiin), Ladies.

y&^jtf- khwajagdn, Masters.

^jSct-lyi. khwdjagi, A wealthy merchant;
chiefship, mastership.

khtDdja, A man of distinction ; a
rich merchant; a doctor, professor, teacher,
preceptor, school-master ; a pedant ; a vene-
rable old man ; lord, master, owner ; hono-
rific title of a wazir or other great digni-
tary ; a eunuch ; the master of a family ;
a bird's comb ; heart, soul ; — khwdja'i akh-
taran (lord of the stars), The planet Jupi-
ter; the sun ; — kJiwdja'i ba's-n-nashr, Lord
of the Eesurrection, i.e. Muhammad; —

ihwdja'i baqdl, A greengrocer ; — khwdja'i
charkhi azraq, The sun ; — khwdja'i sipihr,
The sun ; — khwdja'i sih ydrdn, Name of a
place of recreation close to Kabul ; — khwd-
ja'i falak, The sun ; Jupiter ; — khwdja kar-
dan, To castrate.

ieAjt. khwaja-bdr, Enough to support

life.

<Mys- khwdja-tdsh, A fellow-servant;
the master of a family ; a scholar ; a school-
fellow.

6j!j &*.\yt>. khpdja-zdda, Master.

itf.\fi. kjiwdja-sara, A domestic; a
eunuch.

khwdja-giydh, Name of a shrub.

"HW* ^V*" khwtlja-marwarid, Name of
an Armenian who lived at Isfahan in great
affluence.

&t).\y&. k^wdja-massdh, Muhammad.

O-^^ khwcijidan. khuwdjidan, To see
badly from an infirmity in the eyes ; to
water, to be hot (the eye).

jV- khwdr, Contemptible, abject ; poor,
distressed, abandoned, friendless, wretched ;
few, small, little ; easy, without effort ;
soft, tender ; erect, straight ; name of a
place near Ray; (in comp.) eating or
drinking ; [khwdr ddshtan (shumurdan,
kardan, giriftan), To hold in contempt,
despise;] — khuwdr, Victuals.

A;lji khuwdr, The lowing of oxen, bleat-
ing of sheep, goats, or fallow deer ; the
whiz of an arrow.

jV) j\j±~ khwdr-bdr. Food ; provisions car-
ried from town to town ; a small compe-
tency ; taste, relish ; a place near Ray ; a
district belonging to Bokhara.

iAij^ j^ys- khymrbdr-dranda, A purveyor.

u*"^J^A)*" khwdrbdr-kash, A transporter
of provisions.

a khawdrij (pi. of kJtdriji), Here-

tics, schismatics (esp. those who rebelled
against 'Ali).

khwdr- khwuri. Base treatment.

Cjj.lyi. khwdrdan, To eat ; to drink.

fjvj*- khuwdrazm, khwdr azm, Khorasinia,
the ancient Chorasmu, lying along the
banks of the great river Oxus or Jaihun,
and extending to the Caspian Sea, part of
it belonging to Iran (Persia), and part to
Turan (Parthia).

sU khwdrazm-sMh, Title of several

kings, especially of Ala'u-d-din Muham-
mad, who ruled in Khwiirazm from 1200 to
1220 a.d.

khwdrazmi, A Khorusmian ; thin
slices of paste.

a JjV" khawdriq (pi. of khdriq), Pene-
trating, tearing (spears) ; miracles, unusual
things.

jlj*. khwdr-kdr, An oppressor;
scorner, reviler.

6jtf Tchwdr-kdra, A reviler.

( 480 )

t&^jV*" khwdr-hd.rl, Reproach ; — khwdr-
leare, A reviler.

t^Ai^fyz. khwdrmandl, Humility ; abject-
ness.

(vjAjJj^ khwdranldan, To give to eat and
drink.

<£)>$f~ khwdruri, Name of a place.
ASjjV" khwdr-u-zdr, Abject and dis-
tressed.

khwdra. Stipend ; every-day allow-
ance ; victuals ; (in eoinp ) eating, drinking - ,
enjoying; — khuwdra, Established order;
mode, manner ; strengthening food ; a
frame for turning an arch upon ; a scaf-
fold.

tj\ys- khwara-lear, A reviler.

isyf- khwdri. Baseness, meanness; dis-
tress ; — khwdri kardan (nihddan), To re-
vile ; to injure ; — khwdri kaihidan, To suffer
abasement from another ; — khwdri namu-
dan, To abase oneself.

;\j=s- tsj^j 6, khwdrl-khwdr, Reviled, abused.

jV 5 - khaw&z, A goad; a scaffold or ele-
vated platform for spectators on festive
occasions (comp. tyyt. khawdza, q.v.).

SJijtji. khwdzanda, A bride.

khwdza, Praise, applause ; benedic-
tion ; desire, wish; — also khawdza, A tri-
umphal arch ; a vine-arbour ; a plank on
which masons or plasterers stand wheu at
work, a scaffold ; the inner apartment,
alcove, or bower, surrounded with tapestry,
where the bride awaits the arrival of her
husband.

lt'V" khwds. A petitioner; — khawds,
Pear.

\f- khwdst, Petition, request, begging,
solicitation, desire, wish ; will ; he desired
or asked ; a beaten road ; an island ; gold ;
riches ; furniture ; — ba-khwdsti khudd. By
the will of God (m.c, corresponding to the
A. in ska 'lldh).

jbjji- khwdsidr. A petitioner, asker, in-
vestigator ; those whose son and daughter
have married together; — khwdstdr kardan,
To demand, ask for, request.

(^b^js- khpdstdrl, Wedlock.

yl^u.^ khwantardn, Small worms.

khwdstgdr, Petitioner, candidate;
a messenger charged to convey a request
(m.c).

^j&z^yi. khpdstgdri, Request, wish; a
matrimonial suit ; — khwdstgdri kardan (na-
mudan), To betroth ; to ask in marriage.

khwddan, To desire, wish, de-
mand, require, need, petition, beg, or pray ;
to will, to want ; to wed; to mean, intend ;
— a% dida khwdstan, To beg instantly, to
implore ;— bdz khwasian, To request ; to
require ; — dar-khwdetan, To desire, wish,
demand; — 'uzr-khwadan, To beg pardon.

^f-^f- khwdstwar, khwdstur, Who in-
tends, who purposes.

<uJj<s- khwdsta, Desired, wished, willed,

| wanted ; meant, intended ; wedded ; mean-
! ing, signification ; ricbes, possessions; the
needful for travelling, requisites for carry-
ing on war.

ij*"^ khwdsti, Voluntary ; — harakati
khwdsti, A voluntary movement.

khawdsa, A scarecrow (in a field).

A u=\j*- khauvjds, A vendor of palm-
leaves (Jehus) ; one who covers baskets with
them ; — khawdss (pi. of khdssat), Proper-
ties, qualities.

a khawusir (pi. of khdsirat), Waists,

a ls*^)** khavidsi, The place where one
sits behind a great man upon an elephant.

a y*\<f~ khawdtir (pi. of ^U.), Thoughts,
minds.

A <_4Uji khawdtif (pi. of khdtif), Light-
nings.

a <_i^ khawdf, Tumult, murmur, noise;
name of a place near Nishapiir.

a khawdfig, The four cardinal

points.

A tjtfji khawdfi (pi. of khdfi) , Demons;
(pi. of khdfiyat) secrets ; the shortest
feathers of the wing ; the branches of a
palm-tree nearest to the pith ; of or rela-
ting to Khawiif (see >-'\) £ -).

A (fi-ftyi- khavjdqln (pi. of khdqdn), Em-
perors, kings.

khwdg, A hen ; an egg ; a fried

egg-

JV 5 - khwdl, fchuwal. Lamp-black ; food.

yVi-J^ khwdlistdn, An inkstand.

<s-2— Ny- khwdlista, An inkstand ; silk put
into an inkstand,

khwdlgar. A cook ; a sewer, a table-
decker.

yl^-U\y- khwalinjdn, ($^\)&- khivdlinjo.n,
Gralangale.

khwdli, khiwdll, Pood; a river's
bed ; beautiful, adorned ; congratulated.

yA-l^i khwdlidan, To spread, expand,
strew ; to taste ; — khawdlldan, To come ;
to eat ; to sleep.

a khwdllgar, khawdligar, A cook;

a sewer, a table-decker.

&y khwd-mam, A competency.

khwdn, A table, covered table, and
the meat upon it ; a spacious tray ; house-
hold furniture ; rubbish of sticks and
straws ; weeds, tares ; (imp. of khwandan,
in comp.) reading; a reader; asking,
begging ; a chanter ; a crier, invoker, in-
viter ; — khwdn drdstan (afgandan, anddkh-
tan, chidan, dar-har-i chidan), To spread
the table ; — khwdni dil, The temple at
Mecca ; — khwdn sdkhtan (kashidaii, gustar-
■ d.an), To spread the table ; — khwdni yaghs
ma (tdrdj), A public feast to which all are
invited, an open table ; — angushti alldh-
khpdn. The finger that appeals to God,
namely, the fore-finger ; — bar khwdn rd-
shc.dan, To sit at table ; — bar khwdn nihd
dan, To place on the table (food).

a (jtji khiwdn, khuwdn (from the pre-
ceding), A dinner-table ;-Mmw«, A de-
ceiver, traitor ; a lion; — khauwdni mazlct-
ma-kdr, A villain, cruel betrayer.

Wy- khtpdnd, Legible.

y-i^Utji. khwdndnldan. To read, &c.
(= o^)*- q.v,).

8 ^ fc^j* - M*eart-&ftra, The sign of the
Ram.

yV - hkwdn-pdya, A table-cloth.

vAj^V* khijuan-posh, Coverlid of a tray.

<Vljs- khwdncha, A tray, a salver ; —
khwdncha' i zar [zarln, sipihr, falak), The
sun.

yU'.wJys. khwdndagdn (pi. of khwdnda).
Learned people, readers.

,_jJa3^ khwdndagl, Beading, recital ; in-
vocation ; calling ; adoption.

0-i>\yi- khwdndan, To read, to recite ; to
invite, invoke, convoke, call ; to sing, to
cnaunt ; to decipher, to explain ; to study ;
— bdz khwiindan, To call back, to recall ; to
charge, to accuse openly ; — pesh khwdndan,
To call up, to summon; — tu'i gosh-ash
khwdudain, I whispered to him (m.c).

khpdndam, What ought to be
read ; a portion (a thirtieth) of the Kur'an
appointed for daily reading.

khwdnda, Bead, sung; called, in-
vited; knowing how to read and write ; a
lecture or lesson; (in comp.) adopted.

jL-rt^is. khw&nsdr, and —

jSL»i^ khwdn-gdldr, A table-decker ; a
cook.

u UU«j^ khwdn'Sdmdn, A house- steward.
a (Jptji kjiawdniq (pi. of khdnaqdh). Mo-
nasteries.

a kjitedn-karam, Open house, or

table.

j^'V* khwdngar, A cook ; a table-decker.
kjitvdnandagi, Singing.
khwanaiida, A reader ; a crier or
convoker ; a caller, a singer, a student.

yx.>lji khujdnldan. To read ; to make
rend; to call, convene ; to sing.

a i^Jtji khawdmn (pi. of khan), Lords.
kjuvdv ( = khwdb), Sleep.
khwdh, Wishing, desiring, needing,
wanting, requiring, calling for ; desire,
petition ; either, or, whether ; — khwdh ma-
khwdh (khwdh na-khwdh), Willing or no ;
certainly, positively, at all events; — khwdh
u nd-kkwdh, Nolens volens, against the in-
clination ; — bdj-khwdh, Demanding tribute;
— taraqqi-tchwdh, Wishing increase ; — hdjal.
khpdh, Who asks for his wants ;-~~khdtir-
khtodh, The desire of one's heart; — dil
ba-khwdh, To the heart's desire ; — dwulat-
khwdh, Wishing prosperity, benevolent,
kind ; — marammat-khwdh, Needing repair
(a house).

khwahdn ("sing, and plnr.), Will-
ing, desiring ; petitioners ; amateurs
(m.c).

( 481 ) ^

o^V*" ikipdhdnl, Wish, desire, longing
for.

yj^iUIji khweihanidan, To wish; to ask;
to cause to petition ; to cause to wish, will,
want.

.^V 5 " bhwdhar (S. evasri), A sister ; —
khwahari pidar, Aunt, father's sister ; —
khwahari shauhar (skUy), Husband's sister ;
— khwahari mddar, Maternal aunt.

y\ja>\fL. kh-wdhardn, Sisters ; — kkwaha-
rdni suhail, Two stars (Syrius and Por-
cyon).

j.u\^j<fc khwdhar-andar, A half-sister.
iM\y&. khwdhar -khwdnda, y*> y*\y-

khwdhar-gir. An adopted sister.

6o\j khwdhar-mda, Sister's son.
jzjb\j£- khwdhish, Will, wish, inclination ;
petition, suit; riches; intercession, advo-
cacy; — khwdhishi ildhl, The divine will;
—kJtwahish kardan, To wish, to desire
(m.c).

ij^^y*- khwdhishgar. Intercessor, advo-
cate; desirous.

^ t^Mft. khwdhishgari. Intercession ;
asking in marriage.

±i4*L&\yL. khwdhiehmand. Desirous. .
jAlji- khwdhil, khnwdh.il, Crooked,
curved, a shoemaker's strap, with which
he binds the last to his knee; also the
piecu of wood upon which it is bound.

s^Aftlji khwahanda. One who asks, wills,
wants, or wishes ; who asks in marriage ;
a beggar, petitioner.

khwdha, A petition ; desire, intent.
aJ^felji khwdhldan, To petition, inter-
cede ; to will, want.

^ty** i^t^*- Mkwdhi na-TchwdM, Whether
you like or not, willy nilly.

13V* khwdy, Taste, flavour; pleasure,
delight.

khub (S. subha), Good; beautiful,
elegant, pleasant, graceful, lovely, amiable,
charming, excellent, gracious; beautifully,
excellently ; firm, strong ;—khilb ad, All
right (m.c.) ; — kjh. fib ast ki, It would be
well to (m.c.) ;— khaili khub, Very well, all
right (m.c).

jljji khub-dr. Convenient and inconve-
nient ; carrying anything to be eaten ; pro-
visions transported from place to place.

yjjfjl) Mo bdz kardan, To quit a
habit.

0^y!- khiibdn, (pi.), The fair ; the good,
^•Viji- khftbdnt, Apricots stuffed with
almonds.

yXjibji- khubdmdan, To oppress, to tread
upon, to trample under foot.
3^jT s-»j*- khitb-dwdt, Charming-voiced,
ysi? s^j*- khuh-dyln, Religious, law-
abiding ; well-bred.

j^i. kh/ibtar, Better; more beautiful.
t£>)X)y*' khubtarin, Best, fairest.
a J*A=* vy- kh/uh-hdsil, Fertile, yielding
a good produce (m.c).

( 482 ;

,i . J i Vj i kkub-dida, Pleasant to loot at,
charming.

a t>*,f\j Ahub-rd'Ma., Pleasant-scented.
jl«~is. ; khvb-rxikhsdr , Of lovely com-
plexion.

Jshuh-rang, Of beautiful colour
or complexion.

i> Vj*- kJ};Ub-ru, kkub-ruy, Lovely -

faced.

O^; khub-rtlyan (pi.). The fair.
<-s'A) ^J 4 " &&ub-rii'i, Comeliness of face,
a s->y- khub-siyar, Of excellent quali-
ties.

a s>^s- fchub-siirat, Beautiful in

form.

&<>ji khubhald, pfc&jji khtibkaldn, Name
of a seed of a cooling quality.

(•W/ khilb-farjam, What ends well.

a vsi,ys. Mjifcafc (dim. of khvb), Goodish ;
pretty ; a little beauty.

khub-kirddr, Of good conduct.

a _,fc>A* i^j*. khub-mansar, Handsome, fair.

^>ji- kkub'i, Goodness, excellence; beauty;
— kjiubi kardan, To do good, to render a
service (in.c.) ; — ba-khubl, Fortunately
(m.c).

tj-^,^ kftUpkhln, The substance called
inuminy, whether human or mineral.

^- khu-pazir, kho-pazlr, Accustomed

to.

Ah)*- khwapla, Foolish, ignorant.

a ^a*-^- khojddsh, A fellow-servant
(see <My-).

a i.^^.yi. kkojddshiyat (pi. of the pre-
ceding), Fellow-servants.

&<5-}i- Mo/a (for khwdja), A eunuch.

lys- khoch, The comb or the crest of a
bird ; cock's-comb (a flower) ; tuft of a
helmet; peak of a house; red silk tied to
the top of a lance ; a fighting ram.

y^jjU^i. khuchandan, To keep, to pre-
serve ; to grieve, to be in anxiety.

khocha, The comb of a cock, crest
of a bird ; the flower called cock's-comb.

y^ji kjiochidan, To see badly from
weakness in the eyes ; to water, to he hard,
dry. and hot (the eyes).

A khaukh. A peach.

a ttf- khokh aqra', Indian leaf.

khaukhtiii (in Zand and Pazand),
Rite, custom ; a svvord ; power, strength ;
a branch ; a bricklayer's scaffold.

a Jji Maud, A beautiful young girl.

khud. A helmet; [khtldi khuroch
(Jthuroh), A cock's comb; the anemone;]
— kjvwud, khwad, Self (for emphasis
sake frequently preceded by the personal
pronouns); himself, herself, itself; but;
\_khpud-ikhtiydr'i, Self-control, self-govern-
ment, self-possession; — khwud-ard, Adorn-
ing oneself ; pluming oneself ; — khwnd-
ard'i, Pride, arrogance, conceit; display
of one's own merits; — Jihwud-dehnd, Who
has no other friend but himself; — khwud- :

dhangi, Intention ; greed ; — k_hwud ba-
khwud, Of himself, spontaneously ; — khwud
ba-daidat, You, your worship ; sir; — khwud
bar-pd, Self-willed, obstinate ; — khtoud ba-
soz, Name of a fire-temple in Azarbaijan ;
— kkwud-baha'l, Vanity ; — kkwud-bigana,
Who befriends everybody but himself
(opp. to khwud-dshnd) ; — Mjwud-bln, See-
ing oneself, i.e. proud, self-conceited; —
khwiid-binl, Arrogance, presumption ; —
khwud-parast, A worshipper or admirer of
himself; — kjiwud-paraati, Self-conceit;
selfishness ; — khwud-pasand, Self-approved,
vain, conceited, opiniated ; — khwud-pa-
eaudi, Self-complacency; — ■ khwud-perd'i,
Ostentation ; — khwud-sand, A boaster, an
egotist; — khwud-hisdb, Who takes himeslf
to account for all his actions ; — khwud-
hukm, Obstinate ; — khwud-kho, Uneducated,
undisciplined ; capricious ; — khivud-khwah.
Selfish ;- - khjvnd-ddr, Content ; patient ;
master of oneself ; — khwud-ddrl, Self-pos-
session ; composure (m.c.) ; — kJtwud-rd
ba-jd guzdshtan, (met.) To die ; to become
senseless ; — kh,wud-rd baland kashidan, To
boast ; — iftwud-rd jam' kardan, To restrain
oneself ; — khwnd-rd rasan kardan, To
give oneself OFer to captivity ; — k£,wud-ra
giriftan, To restrain oneself ; — khwud-
ray, Self-opiniated ; a fantastical, capri-
cious humourist; — fchwud-rd'i, Self-eon-
ceiteduess ; — khwud-rukhsatt, Leaving a
service of one's own accord, in which case
it is customary to deduct something from
the wages;-- khivud-rusta, Self-grown, wild,
spontaneous ; — khwud-rang, Preserving the
natural colour, unchanged; also yellowish
colour ; — khwud-ru. With her own face, i.e.
unpainted, adorned with native beauty ; —
khwud-ro. Spontaneous, self-growing, un-
plantttd ; ill-disciplined, self-willed ; —
khwud-ro' I, Spontaneous growth; — khwud-
adzi, Self-culture ; — kjiwud-aitd'i, Self-ap-
plause, vain-hoasting ; — khwud-sar. Bold,
fearless ; self-opiniated, obstinate, whim-
sical ; head-strong ; — khwiid-aarl, Self-con-
ceit, obstinacy ; — khwad-mwdr, Head-
strong; — khwud-sois, Name of a fire-temple
in Azarbaijan ; — khwud-shihan, Who
cringes with or shrinks from humility; —
khwud- ehinds, Knowing self, given to con-
templation ; — khimd- gh araz. Self-inte-
rested ; — khwud- aharazi. Self-seeking, self-
ishness; — kJiynd-g&alat, Wrong-headed ; —
khwud-farosh, Selling himself, i.e. boast-
ing, vauziting; — khwtid-figan, Biding by
oneself ; — khwud-kdra. Acting for oneself,
trusting to none ; — khwud-kdsht. Cultiva-
tion of one's own soil : — khwud-kdshta,
Self-cultivated (i.e. by the farmer himself) ;
— khwud-kdm, Self-will ; living like a liber-
tine, following bis own fancy; arrogant; —
khwud-hlma. Self-willed, opiniated ; gain-
ing the object of one's desires ; growing

( 483 )

spontaneously ; — jcftwud-kdmt, Self-interest-
ednesB ; wilfulness ; — khwud-karda. Done
of himself; — khwud karda-rd darmdn nist,
For a self-inflicted evil there is no remedy ;
— khwtid-kushdn, (met.) Ruining oneself
by hospitality ; — khwud-kughdni, Suicidal,
i.e. exaggerated and ruinous hospitality ; —
hhwud-kushl, Self-destruction, suicide ; —
k&ymd-namd, Vain, arrogant; growing
spontaneously ; — hhwud-guzaBhta, Out of
one's mind ; weary of life ; — khwud-murdd
(murdda), = khwud-kdm, q.v. ; — khwud-
mukhtdr, Independent, unrestrained, un-
controlled; a, free agent khwud-mnkh'
tan, Independence, freedom of action ; —
khwud-matlab (matlabiya), Self-interested,
selfish ; — khwud-nama, Ostentatious, self-
conceited, vain, proud; — khwud-namai*
Ostentation \—-ba-kJiwud amadan, To come
to oneself; — ba-khpude khwud, Of one's own
accord. (See also' J/^.)

y^jji- khwuditd.n, Yourselves (m.c).

jL. j^s. khud-saz, A maker of helmets.

(jjL. jji khad-sdzl, Helmet-making.

yU_jjis. khwadisttln, khwadustdn, Vine-
shoots which are eaten young.

Jij^i. khwud-ash, Himself, herself (m.c).

kAwud-skumd-hd, Yourselves

(m.c).

yU^ys. khwudimdn, We ourselves.

8 J j±- khiida, An arch, a vault ; trutb.

Ufcjji. khivud-itd. Selves.

y^kjji kjiwudkdn, Ours, our own people
(ra,c, apparently a plural of the preceding,
unless it be a misprint for fcjWy.).

tS" 3 ^ khpudi, Selfishness, conceit, ego-
tism.

j£~>jji khumdi-soz, A fire-temple in Azar-
bavjfm.

a khaur (v.n.), Striking or piercing
(an animal, especially about the hind
parts).

khivur, Despicable, contemptible,
abject, mean, vile, base, infamous ; worthy,
proper, agreeable to ; a partner, consort ;
(S. svar) light, radiance ; the sun ; the
east ; name of an angel ; the eleventh day
of every solar month ; food sufficient for
the support of life; meat; flavour, relish,
taste; a chameleon; a palace, villa; the
famous palace of Khawarnak ; (in coinp.)
eating, devouring, consuming; — khunir-u-
haqlr ddshtan, To render despicable and
hapless.

^i 4 - khwurd, khward, Worthy, suitable ;
few provisions ; eating, voracious ; a gan-
grene, cancer.

"r^jy 4 - khwur-db, Impure water ; a cata-
ract ; the dam of a sluice ; an itch for
drinking.

^JJ 4 " kh.'pur-dba, A little stream brought
from a larger river for the purposes of
cultivation; water to drink ; a farmer fur-
nished with all the means and appliaiu.es

of cultivation ; a little water oozing through
an embankment.

<s>\y*- khwurdk, Food, victuals, provi-
sions; daily bread, eatables ; one meal; one
dose of medicine; (in India) a kind of
batta given by villagers to peons sent to
collect the circar-duties.

o^ly*" khtcurdkl, Daily allowance of food,
or money to purchase it, subsistence-
money.

(S^y 4 - khtvuran, Name of one of the cham-
pions of Kay Kusrau, son of Siyawush;
eating, devouring ; voracious, gluttonous.

fc>" Ji V)' £ " kh>pwr&ndan, To eat or drink.

khurdlia, kJtwardha, A cock's comb.

^5^j*. khwurdy, A few provisions ; ar-
ranged ; elegant.

khwur-bdr, Serving up a repast ; a
hamper of provisions; suitable and un-
suitable.

S J^ )f~ khwur-pdra, Bits, fragments, orts.

«=- v -^jj i ' khwur-parast, A sun- worshipper;
the sunflower.

l^-;**- khwur-chan, A portmanteau, wal-
let; — khwur-chln kardan, To glean, lease.

(^..as&.jji khpurkhajiwan, Nightmare.

(jl^i khwur-k&wdn, A food-tray.

<iy±- khwurd, Little, small, minute, petty,
tiny; short; suitable, proper; a meeting ;
a public address ; meat, victuals ; eating ;
he did eat ; he met ; he brake in pieces ; —
khwurd kardan. To bruise small ; — fchwurd-
u-khpdb, One who does nothing but eat,
drink, and sleep; — khwurd -u-kaldn
(khwurd-u-buzurg), Small and great, all; —
ha~khwurd. In detail, minutely (m.c.) ; —
pasha'i khwurd, A little gnat ; — ehiri
khwurd, Skim-milk.

.j\jijj£, khuywr-dad, Name of the third
month.

- kjiwur-dtlr, A boarded domestic.
J** jjft. khwurd-bdr, A hamper of provi-
sions.

khwurdtar. Smaller, younger.

y\^i jjy. khwurd-khwdn, A table covered
with eatables (see t^y- jy^).

JL, jjji khwurd-sdl, Of tender years.

ySL. jjyi. khwurd-sdldn (pi. of the prece-
ding), Young ones.

^i-jyi. khwardttstdn, t )U-.^«Jy<s. khwar'
dustdn, Young vine-shoots which are eaten
for their freshness ; any young shoot.

y^Sjyi. jchwurdagdn, Juniors, inferiors.

iJZ^f- khwurdagi, Ooriosian-, a draught;
an eating or drinking.

aj*» Jjj*- khwurd-mahal, The apartments
of the concubines of great men.

jy» jyi. khtvurd murd, MinutiaB of any
kind.

yjiyi. kjiwurdan, To eat ; to gnaw ; to
drink ; to hit ; to nip ; to strike; to devour,
destroy ; to take > to grate ; to mince ; to
break ; to suffer ; — a/tun khwurdan, To be
under a spell, under the influence of an

( 484 )

incantation ; — bag khwurdan. To go to
ttnvt ; to be conquered ; to grieve ; — haze
khwurdan, To be gulled, cheated, hoaxed ;
— bar-khviurdan, To touch ; to knock or
dash against (rn.c, see also o^jj*-;)) ; — bar-
ham khwurdan, To clash, collide, dash
against each other; — ba-kdr khwurdan, To
be of use ; to serve (a purpose) ; — ba-ham
khwurdan, To break up (a company, m.c.) ;
— tawancha khwurdan, To receive a slap in
the face, to have one's ears boxed ; — tlnxar
khwurdan, To be sorrowful ; — khishm
khwurdan, To feel anger (see also under
i>r^) ; — 'azab khwurdan, To suffer tor-
ment.

u^j*- khwiirdani, Fit to be eaten, edible,
esculent ; provisions, victuals, food ; a re-
past ; a beverage ; — sabzi'i khwurdani, An
esculent vegetable ; greens.

*«>y*- khwurda, Eaten ; devoured, cor-
roded ; eating ; a spark ; quickness, acute-
uess ; a bit, scrap ; a crumb ; a speck ; a
fault ; that part of a (horse's) leg which
is enclosed in the fetter ; minute, slender ;
— khwurda'i anibiin, Crumbs in a wallet; —
khwurda kardan. To change money.

a p>j\ hltwurda-adlm, An acorn for

tanning leather.

tf*? khwurda-bin, Caviller ; micro-

scopic.

^■'nt khwurda-biui, Criticism ; cavil ;
microscopy .

y> t khwurda-jjaz, A cook.

ylji. 5-\jji khwurda- khpart, A small
table.

y\j i^jf- Miwur da-dan, Critical.
■J*)? ^jf- khwurda-farosh. A huckster.
*<J>;ys. khwurda-kciri, Liable to criti-
cism.

js? s-JyA- khwurda-gir, A criticiser, critic.
i^y* bjjys- khwurda- murda, Minute ob-
jects.

khwurd'i, Broth, juicy meats; eat-
ables ; sniallness, littleness.

■ji khwurdi-paz, A cook, broth-

maker.

L5°JJ i " khwurdl-farosh, A broth-
seller.

a khuraz. Greek dance or chorus ;
— khiirazi ramiyiln, A dance in which
bands are joined.

i^ly 6, khwarzi, ^j^y 5 - khwurzlaa. Barn,
granary.

jt-jji khwursdr, khwurisidr, A re-

fectory.

yl^-jjs. khtettristan, A pantry, larder,
buttery ; (probably misreading for khuz-
istan) namu of a country in Persia.

• >J ~'))' k khipttrsand, Contented, happy.

^j-u-.jji. khtpurmndl, Gladness ; con-
tent.

\J*i)*" khwurish. Kating and drinking;
food; a father-in-law; — khwurishi dast-ds,
A handful of whe.it which the miller throws

into the hopper ; — khwurish-u-poshieh, Food
and raiment.

<uW- k^yi khwurish-kh&na. A kitchen.

jS u 5 "^ khwurish- gar, A cook.

oUyi khwur-shdd, khwur-shed, The

sun; the animal spirit ; name of the mis-
tress of Jamshed; — khwur-shed ba-gil an-
diidan, To try to conceal what is evident;
to disguise oneself ; — kjipur-shedi jahdn-
lab, The sun illuminating the world; —
Miwur-ghedi chair, A sun-shade in the
shape of the sun; the image of the sun
painted on a sun-shade ; — khteur-shedi sari
dlwdn (labi bam), Sun-set; the termina-
tion of life; — khwur-shedi surdhl, (met.)
Wine.

a j>\ •iftAj^s- khwurshed asar, Resplendent
like the sun.

(^-fi ■ i **y> li - khwurshed-paristdn, Wor-
shippers of the sun.

-M^y*- khwurshed-paikar, Handsome.
<Myy s - khyourshed-chihra, tj •M'jy 4 -
khwurshed-rukh, y khwurehed-nl,
Sun-facod.

^-Ajyi khwurshed-suwdrdn, Early-
risers; Christian monks ; those who ride in
the heat of the day ; the favourites of a
king; angels.

s-**i ■V*yy*- khwurahed-gfaabg&ab, With a,
resplendent chin.

a &£Xi ■x-a^ khwurshed falka, Ornamented
with a sun-like stud or knob.

O x n i ')) £ ' khwurshldan, To collect ; to suit ;
to happen agreeably ; to carry one's vic-
tuals ; to crack (lips with heat).

^° if- khwur-sald, A store, barn, cellar.

tfjyi khurikd, A hedgehog (in the dialect
of Gilan),

fif 5 - khymrram, Joyful, pleasant.

«U jyt khwur-mdh. Name of a summer
month.

khwur-mui, Name of the twelfth
day of any month.

is\»»y*- khwarmak, khwarramak, Shells
worn as amulets.

jV khwar-mihr, Name of Solomon's
sword.

(j^ 4- khwurraml, Gladness, Joyf ulness.

■Hu*- khwarand, Worthy, suitable, pro-
per; the twelfth day of every solar month.

fSJjjfS- khwuranda,, An eater ; one who
obtains the property of another by fair or
foul means; a family, domestics, house-
hold.

a khawarnaq (for P. ^j^), The

palace built by Nu'man bin Munzir for
King Bahrain in Babylonia, and alluded
to often to imply any magnificent edifice.

a^&yi- kkwararujdh, *£>y4- khwarangah,
Bahrain's palace ; a portico.

^jj*- khawarna (contraction of the pre-
ceding), The palace of Bahratn.

vAji ) jj 4- khwur-u-posh, Food and rai-
ment.

(

*)>*■ iipara, khwura, Anything that eats
or corrodes (as rust, tnoth, leprosy, or gan-
grene) ; chancre ; divine illumination, the
light of reason ; a division of the Persian
empire, of which there formerly were five
(see iji-), nainely, khwara'i drdehir, khwa-
ra'i istakhr, khwara'i ddrdb, khwara'i shd-
pur, and khwara'i qubdd ; — khaura. The
plant called khar-zahra ; trodden ; — khura,
A com -sack.

f&*)f - khwurhag, Shells suspended from
children's necks.

vJiy*" ihwuri, Baseness ; a kiud of cloth.
&&V>itrydd, A peasant, clown, lout.

^Aijyi. khwuryddi, Rusticity, rudeness.

CjViy*- khuriydn, Name of a place near
Bistam, where the poet Rustani Khiiriyani
was born.

khwurldan, To invite to nuptials.

a. )<fi- khauz, Enmity, ho&tility.

k&Hz, Sugar-cane; the country called
KLuziatan (anciently Susiana), the capital
of which is Shustar; inhabitants of this
country.

khuadn, Name ol a celebrated Per-
sian hero ; name of a city.

khawazduk, An insect resembling
a blackbeetle ; the scolopendra.
< " i ')1 ! ~ hhuzda, A beetle, a chafer,
cs^jj*- khuzadi (ior khwud-zddi) , Un-
dressed, unadorned (woman).
X>^- khinar, Name of a tree.
cA*-^ khuzistdn, Susiana; a sugar-
plantation ; sugar-growing country ; sugar-
manufactory.

khwazam, khwazm, A fog, mist, va-
pour.

^if- khwazmak, — utUyt q.v.

*>)*■ Mawsa, Trampled upon, ruined ; —
kkuza, khwuza, A triumphal arch; the
inner apartment where the royal bride
awaits the arrival of her husband.

a khauzahraj (for P. hhar-zahra),

AsBei' bane.

tsj/- bjiuzi, Pounded, beaten (meat) ; a
native of Khfizistan.

_>V" <sjf s - khuxi-khwdr, An eater of
pounded meat ; a contented cuckold.

a^jy*- khuzidan, To call to a marriage.
ihuzha, A cock'B comb ; chitterlings.

a. u*^- khaue (v.n.), Deceiving.

u*f- kjiwue, A brother-in-law.

yiiiU^i. khusdnidan, To desire, wish ; to
excite desire ; — khosdnidan, To cause to
inoiBten.

<^—f- khott, kkwast, An island; a beaten
road; rubbed; a melon (this meaning
doubtful and probably originating in the
misreading *y»jA. for «jjy».).

j^-j 4 - khwastdr, A petitioner, candidate.

tj^-j*- Ithwastan, khustan. To ask.

*x-j>4- khwasta, Dug up, extirpated ; fetid.

l r"S tm kkosra, A husband's or wife's bro-
ther.

485 )

kkosa, A scarecrow in fields or
gardens ; — khosa shudan, To be in heat (a
bitch).

U-V-ji khueidan, To dry up, shrivel; to
be wrinkled ; to be moist ; to flow from
the eyes (humour) ; to collect.

khpusk, khwaek, Good, sweet, ex-
cellent, beautiful, fair, charming, pleasant,
delightful, agreeable, cheerful, amiable,
lovely, delicate, tender, kind, gentle, hu-
mane, mild, meek, elegant ; healthy, whole-
some, temperate j happy, well, pleased ;
willingly; [khwush-db, see s->1 J^f 1 - below;
— kjiwuth akhtari, Good fortune ; — khwush-
add, A prompt payer ; oue who performs
pleasantly, melodious ; — khwush itparam,
The shrub basil royal ; — khwush-asliha ;
Well-armed (m.c.) ; — khwusk-aelub, Well-
formed ; — kJiymsh-atwdr, Welt-bred ; —
khwugh-alhtdn, With a sweet voice ; — khwutk
arnma, Very well, be it so; but; — khwueh-
dmad, Mattery ; welcome ; gratification ;—
khpush-dmad-kari, Content, satisfaction ;

— k^wush'dmad-go (gu), A flatterer ; —
khwush-dmadan, To please, become agree-
able ; to succeed well; to agree with (aa
meat or drink) ; to be welcome ; — kjiwush-
dmadi, flattery ; assenting ; you are wel-
come; — khwush-anddm, Of lovely form ; —
khwush-angutht (good-fingered), A skilful
player on an instrument ; — khwush-divdz
(dhang), Having a melodious voice; —
khwush- dyand, Flattering (endearments) ;
grateful, wholesome, amiable, agreeable,
pleasing, charming ; — kjiwush-dyandagl,
Spruceness, neatness, elegance, ornament ;
pleasingness, agreeableness ; — khwueh-
dyanda, Amiable, agreeable to all ; elegant,
neat, spruce ; grateful ; agreeable ; whole-
some ; — khwnsh-bdsh, Free to stay or to
depart; lands granted to favourites at low
rents on condition of serving the govern-
ment when called upon ; independent ; —
khwush-bdshad (used imperatively), Come
and be welcome ; — khwush-bdsh zadan, To
iuvite; to congratulate; — khwieh-bakkt.
Lucky, fortunate, happy (m.c.) ; — khwush-
ba-hjkti, Good luck, happiness (m.c); —
khwush bar-d, Be of good cheer, be happy ;
— kjtwueh-bandgosh, With delicate ear-laps ;
khwush-bu (bo), Sweet- smelling ; perfume ;

— khwush-bo-ddr. Fragrant, aromatic; —
khwush-bosa, Whose kisses are sweet ; —
kkwush-boy, Fragrant, odoriferous ; —
khpush-buyndk (boyndJc), Well-flavoured,
savoury (boiling pot) ; — khwush-pargdr,
Well-formed, well-composed ; having well-
formed thighs or hips ; — khwush-pozl, A
kiss ; — kAwush-poshdk, Well-dressed ; —
khwush-pech, Intelligent, wise ; a distin-
guished gentleman ; — khwush-pechmdli,
Good manners, gentlemnnliness ; — khwush-
tdman, A mother-in-law ; — kjiwusk'tardsh,
Of a good shape, graceful; — khwuth-tardna,

( 486 )

Melodious ; — Mwueh-faqrir, Eloquent ; —
k.hwu»h-jilau, Obedient to the bridle; —
kitpugh-chaghm, With beautiful eyes ; —
Itjiwuth-kal, Happy, fortunate, in pleasant
circumstances; — khwush- hall, A pleasant
condition ; — khwiish-harf, Sweet- spoken,
melodious ; — khwush-harakat, One who acts
with propriety, or who does good actions ; —
khwush-higdb, Profitable, advantageous ; —
khymsh-khdtir, A cheerful mind, a gladsome
heart; — khwush-khal. A mistress, sweet-
heart (as having becoming moles) ; —
khwush-khabar, A bringer of good news;
— khwush-khabari, Exhilarating news ; —
khwv.sh-M.irdm, One who walks elegantly ;
— khwugh-kharid, Paying in ready money,
buying in a private sale ; — l&wnsh-kkisal,
Of an excellent disposition ; well-bred ;
affable ; — khwmh-khat. Elegant writing ; a
handsome youth ; — Mwush-khat-u-khdl,
Beautifully striped and speckled (m.c.) ; —
kjiwush-khalq, Affable ; — khwush- khalqi.
Affability ; — khwush- kho (khoy), Good-
natured, of an excellent disposition ; —
khwush-khwdt, A good liver, one who lives
well ; — Mwiish-khpast, Vehement desire ; —
khipush-khwdn, Singing delightfully, melo-
dious; — khwush-khwdhish, Vehement de-
sire ; — ]chwush.-khwur, A fortunate petition j
sub-acid ; — khwush- khwurdk, One who lives
well ; — Jchwush-kho'i, Goodness of temper ;
— kjiwugh-khiydl, Who has fine thoughts,
happy conceits (a poet) ; — khwush ddshtan,
To be agreeable to, to please (m.c.) ; —
k£w-uah- daman, Mother-in-law ; — khwush-
duehndm, Whose abuse (even) is pleasant
(a mistress) ; — khwush-dil, Cheerful, con-
tented, gay ; — khwush-diU, Cheerfulness,
gaiety ; — khwush-dUl ddshtan, To be cheer-
ful, pleased, satisfied (m.c.) ; — khwush-dam,
A sweet breath ; fine air; — khwush-dimagk,
Pleasant, mirthful ;~khwmh-danddn, With
lovely teeth ; — kjiwush-zd'iqa, Well-fla-
voured, savoury; — khwush-rdh, A good
roadster ; — khwush-raftar, Graceful in
walking ; sweetly-waving (cypress) ; mov-
ing easily (pen) ; proceeding properly, of
good conduct; — khwueh-rang, Of a lively
colour ; — khwush-rav, Pleasant-paced ; —
kAwueh-ru, Beautiful ; — khwush-roz, A holi-
day ; — khwush-eabdn, Speaking well, having
a sweet or clear voice ; plausible ; — khwush-
gay, The box-tree ; — khwush-sakhra, A
pleasant, humorous fellow ; — khwush- su-
khun, Of pleasant speech ; — khwugh-saudd,
Yielding a good profit, advantageous ; —
khwush-siyar. Of excellent qualities, vir-
tuous ; — khwush shudan, To be well ; to be
in good health ; to be cured ;—khwu8h-
ehakl, Well-shaped, of a fine figure; —
kjiwush-shinau, Pleasant to be listened to ;
— khwush-mjlr, Warbling sweetly (birds) ;
■ — khwush-suhbat, Of agreeable conversa-
tion, a pleasant companion (m.c.) ; —

khwush-sHrat. Handsome-faced ; — khwush-
tub', Jooular, good-natured ; of an enter-
taining nature; — kjtwush-tab'i (tinat),
Pleasantry, mirth; — khwush-' alaf, A good
eater, voracious ; eating indiscriminately
what is lawful or not ; — khwush-'indn, Of
an agreeable pace, gentle ; — kApush-'iydr,
Pure, of standard value; — jjtwush-ghil&f,
What comes easily from its sheath (a
sword, &c.) ; — khwush-qad, Of handsome
figure ; — khwush-qaf, Well-shaped, nicely
cut out ; — khwush-qalam, A good pen-man,
an elegant writer; paper easy to be written
upon ; — khwush-qimdr, A good or fair
player;- — khwush-kdmi, Joy, cheerfulness;

— khwush kardan, To cure ; to benefit ; to
do good; to rejoice; — khwmh-karda, Plea-
sant, agreeable; — khpush-karda'i ehd'ir,
Praised by tbe poets \~khwush-kaldm, Elo-
quent; — khwash-kandr, A beloved object ;
— khwush-gdm, Well-paced ; — khwush-gdh,
Pudenda ; — khwush-gardan. With a grace-
ful neck ; — khwush giristan, To weep abun-
dantly ; — khwush-gnftdri, Eloquence ; —
khwush-gil, Pretty, pleasing, elegant (m.c.) ;

— khwush-go, Eloquent ; melodious ; —
khwush-guuidr, Easy of digestion ; — khwush-
lab, Sweet of lip ; — khwush-lahn, Melo-
dious ; — khwush-ligdm, Obedient to the
bridle, gentle; — khwnsh-lahja, Having a
tuneful voice; — khwnsh-mdya. Taste, fla-
vour, relish, delight ; — khwush-mizdj,
Good-natured, of a pleasant disposition; —
khwush-mazagt, Pleasantness of flavour ;

— khwush-mam, Agreeable to the palate,
well-flavoured, delicious ; — khwush-mutha
(muzhgdn), With delicate eye-lashes; —
khwush - mu'dmala, An upright dealer ;
— kkwush-manish, Having a good heart
(ethically), or excellent spirits (physi-
cally); satiety, glut, languor; — khwush-
manishi, Joke, pleasantry, sprightliness,
cheerfulness, joyousness ; — khwush-manzar,
Of a goodly aspect ; — khwush - nishin,
Sitting easily, having room enough ; a
new comer ; a stranger ; — khwush-nishi-
ndni chaman, Flowers ; sprouts, shoots ;
pleasure-seekers visiting the gardens ; —
khwush-nishim, A royal guard for which
lands are assigned ; — khwush~na2ar, Soci-
able, familiar ; a species of red, yellow, and
white rose ; making friends ; — khwush-nayh.-
ma, Melodious; — khwxish-nafas, Breathing
forth soft words, sweet melodies ; — khwush-
■naqsh, Name of a celebrated courtezan in
Isfahan ; — khwush-nigdh, Good-looking ; —
khwush-namd, Pleasant, agreeable; ele-
gant ; neat, pretty ; — khwush-namak, Well-
salted ; pleasant of taste ; witty ; a beloved
object ; — khwush-namd, Melodious (a
singer, birds, &c.) ; — khwush-nawdx, A mu-
sician ; name of the governor of the city
of Haifa! ; — khwush-nawls, A calligraphist;
— khwush- mwisi, Calligraphy ; — khwush-

J>y ( 487 ) *^

nihdd, Good-natured, of pleasant disposi-
tion ; — khwush-waz', Nicely situated (ra.o.) ;
— khwu#h-u-/chwurram, Happy and cheer-
ful ; — kh_wush-waqt, In happy circum-
stances ; happy, pleased ; having a good
time of it ; — khwush-hawd, A pleasant air ;]
— khwaeh, A husband's or a wife's mother ;
a kiss ; (for khpesh) self ; — kjiosh (for
khushk), Dry; (for &hosha) a bunch of
grapes.

s-A ^Aj*- khosh-db, khy>vsh~db. khwash-ab,
Fresh, juicy, full of water; water in which
grapes, figs, prunes, or dried apricots are
boiled together; fresh, tender pot-herbs;
moist ; waving ; clear, pellucid ; a pearl, a
jewel.

s-<^)*- khymshdb-dandan, One who
has clean and brilliant teeth.

L^y- khwush-abi, Freshness.
Uji l&ji j&wushd-khwiishd, khwashd-
khfashd, Very well ! happy he (who, &c),
hail to him ! (opp. to \*> q.v,).

J^ys- khivushdd, A clearing of a garden,
fcfkj*- khwashdman, Husband's or wife's
mother.

y-ViU^s. khoshdnidan, To cause to dry up.
ikoehdy, Cluster of grapes ; ear of

com.

ui-Ays. khwushi, Stark naked.

^UAji. khwashtdman, — q.v.
khrvushtar, Sweeter, pleasanter.
khwushlarak (dim. of the prece-
ding), Somewhat pleasanter.

i ^ i, y ! - khwushcha, Good (girl) ; prettily.

n khoshddsh. A fellow-servant

(see ^jt).

a i^jkfcji khoshddshiyat, Fellow- service ;
(p). of the preceding) fellow-servants.

^AzbyL. khwashddman, = q.v.

Jft ctUijit khwashk - drd, khushk • drd,
tf&iAjt. khwushka-drd, Flour not bolted.

yAji khushnu. khwushnu, oyA^s- khwush-
nud, Content ; pleased.

(jjyAjA. khwmhnudi, Mirth ; content-
ment.

a-^ji khosha, A cluster or bunch of grapes
or dates; an ear of corn ; the constellation
Virgo ; name of a bird ; gleaning ; the rain-
bow ; separately ; [khosha'i augur, A cluster
of grapes ; — khosha ba-gulu dawdndan, To
be coming into ear ; — khosha'i pesha-kdrdn,
ABcarecrow; — khosha'i charkh (eipihr), The
constellation Virgo ; — khosha dar gulu dwar-
dan, To be coming into ear ;] — khwasha,
Husband's or wife's father.

sa^ dAy. khosha-basta. Forming clusters,
cluster- (roses, &e.).

i ^ ifcjis. khosha- chin, Gathering grapes,
reaping or gleaning corn ; a plagiary.

khwushi, khwashi, Happiness, cheer-
fulness, gaiety, pleasure, enjoyment, de-
light ; consolation, comfort, diversion;
voluntariness ; goodness, excellence, be-
nignity ; [Jchyiuelu namudan, To display

excellence or benignity ; — dar khwushi, In
pleasantry ;] — khoshi, Name of a bird.

ij^. (js 4 *^ khwushi-bakhsh. Affording de-
light.

t)^**^ khoshidan, To grow dry ; to col-
lect, contract ; to wrinkle, shrivel, chap (as
the lips) ; to burn, fry, parch ; to bring in
or lay up provisions ; to be busy ; to love ;
to congratulate a stran ger ; to happen well,
to succeed ; to jest, play, to represent in
the manner of theatrical entertainments or
public spectacles.

s-vAji khoshida, Dried; dry.

a ,j«>ji khawas (v.n.), Being sunk in the
socket (eye) ; — khas. Leaves of palm-trees,
of cocoa-nuts, and the like (whether woven,
or not).

A ui^i- khauz (v.n.), Entering, wading,
fording, or crossing a river; making (a
horse, &c. ) ford a river ; plunging (into
business, discussion, &c.) ; deep thought,
mature consideration ; piercing with a
sword and turning it in the wound ; —
khauz kardan, To agitate, to conspire, to
intrigue ; — khauz namudan, To engage in,
embark, plunge into.

a 1=}^ khut. A limber twig; a corpulent
man, yet handsome and active ; name of a
village near Balkh.

a <-iyL khauf (v.n.), Fearing ; fear,
dread, terror ; murder; knowing for cer-
tain ; red leather ; — khaufi as db, Hydro-
phobia; — khauf khwurdan (giriftan), To be
afraid, to take fright ; — khaiif dddan, To
terrify, to frighten ; — khaufi roshant, Photo-
phobia.

Uiys- khufd, Strength, power (unsupported
by examples).

a <s!lJys. khaufndk, Terrified, timid, timo-
rous ; frightful, terrifying.

A iift- khauq (v.n.), Putting on ear-rings
(a girl) ; — khaviaq, Spaciousness, roomi-
ness.

^ti- khuk. khok, A pig; scrofula; (for
tsijt q.v.) a frog; — khuki pdy-gdh, A pig
buried alive in the stable, believed to secure
the preservation of the contents of the
stable ; — khuki daryd, khuki mdhl (sea-hog
or fish-hog), A porpoise.

8jtf kho-kdra, Accustomed to, habitu-
ated ; familiar.

ylj khukbdn. A swineherd.

4=n khuk-baeha, A young pig, a pork-
ling.

csJji. khuk-chardn, Leading pigs to
pasture, a swineherd (m.c).

^JS^jZ kho-kardagi, Habitude, practice.
ji>. kho-karda, Habituated, accus-
tomed to.

s^s- khukiza, A large duck, a goose.

khug, A hog; — khawag, A servant.
j^fi- khogar. Accustomed to, habituated ;
sociable, familiar; — khogar shudan. To be
used to, to become tame.

( 488 )

u^Vy* kho-giriftagl, Familiarity, habi-
tude.

y- iio-girifta, Accustomed, habi-
tuated.

jtf j*- kho-gvr. The stuffing of a saddle ; a
pad ; a pack-saddle j accustomed to ; fami-
liar.

Jj J )if y 1 - kho-gir-doz, A saddle-maker.

Jj*- MoJ. A lark ; a kite ; a white wood-
cock ; a shad fish ; [khole ba-kaf-am bih zi
hulcmlee ba-hawd, A bird in the hand is
worth two in the bush (lit. a bird thol in
my hand is better than a crane in the air ;)]
— khawal, Lean ; a white woodcock.

a. Jj^- khaul (v.ti.), Keeping, preserving;
— kjvu'ul, hhuwal (pi. of kidl), Maternal
uncles .

0 s }*- khawaldn, Buckthorn.

a. Siyt- khu'ulat, Relationship by the
mother's side ; (pi. of khdl) maternal
uncles.

jUji. khvJalu. kkyalalu, Wild fennel ;
cummin-seed.

(j^Ji^. khylanjan, The herb galangale.
khaula, A quiver; a lamp;— jchola,
Empty.

WV- khuliyd, Common to the use of all.
khulxz, khullza, = q.v.

a tyf khavn (v.n.), Being perfidious,
deceitful, breaking a promise, betraying a
trust.

t>y khun, Blood ; bloody ; killing ; re-
venge; a shedder of blood; life, soul;
selfishness; pride ; a table ; readii^g; sing-
ing ; [kJiHn ax buni nakjmn bar-dwardan,
To take revenge ; — khun az buni ndkhun
dawidan, To be sorely afflicted ; — khun az
pesh burdan, To shed blood with impunity ;
— khan dshdmldan, To drink blood, i.e. to
be afflicted ; to shed blood ; — khun uftadan
bar, Blood falls upon, i.e. one is liable to
revenge ; — khun ba-josh dmadan, The blood
boils ; — khun ba-hil kardan, To condone a
murder, to forego revenge for it; — khun
bar-dwardan, To let blood ; — khun bar
jabin mdlidan, To rub one's forehead with
the blood (of the slain), when accusing
the murderer before a judge — khun bas-
tan, To coagulate (blood) ; — khuni bat
{tdlt, jam), Red wine; the dawn of morn-
ing;— khuni hawdsiri, Bleeding piles; —
khuni bini, Blood from the nose ; — khuni
jibdl, Rubies, cornelians ; — khun justan, To
seek or take revenge ; — khuni jigar, Deep
affliction ; — khuni jigar khwurdan, To be
Borely grieved ; deep anxiety or study ;
— khuni jahdn, A ruddiness in the sky ;
— khuni haldl, Blood that may be lawfully
shed ; — khuni haiz, The flux of the menses ;
— khuni haiwdn, Milk, butter, or honey ;
— khuni khdm, Pure blood ; blood that
is not yet matured ; — khun kharidati, To
pay blood-money, to expiate murder by
a fine ; — khun khufta (kjiwdbida), Un-

avenged blood ; — khun khwdbidan, To re-
main unavenged (bloodshed) ; — khunkhw as-
tan, To seek revenge; — khuni khwud ba-
gardani khwesh kardan, To become respon-
sible for bloodshed ;— -khuni khwud ronhan
kardan, To burn for revenge and prepare
to take it ; — khun khyiurdan, To be afflic-
ted ; to shed blood ; — khuni khuros, Red
wine; — khuni khum (qarbdn). Wine; —
khun dddan, To remit blood-guilt, to con-
done a murder ; — khun dar-anddkhtan, To
shed or pour out blood (a rare, perhaps
unique, example of the verb anddkMan
being applied to fluids) ; — khun dar badan
na-ddrad, (met.) He has not a spark of
jealousy or spirit in him ; — khun dar
chaehm-ash rii&t, He has no power or
energy ; — khun dar miydn ast, There is
bloodshed to be revenged; a deadly war
is waged ; — khuni dil r Affliction ; concise
speech ; — khuni dil ba-ndkhun (dar nakhun,
dar buni nakhun) dwardan (ba-ndkhun
rasidan), To tear the breast, to cry bitterly ;
— khuni dili khak, Flowers; rubies; —
khuni dili maryam, khuni rax {razun), Red
wine ; the dawn of moruing ; — khun rekh-
ian, To shed blood; blood is flowing; —
khun zadan, To be afflicted; to shed blood;
— khuni sdda, Pure blood ; — khuni eabil,
Blood that may be lawfully shed ; — khun
sitardan, To wipe off blood ; — khuni &iyd-
wush (siydumshdn), Dragon's blood; Bra-
zilian wood; the fruit of a tree growing in
Hazramaut; a sort of gum produced in
Abyssinia; grape-wine; a ruddiness in the
sky ; — khun shudan.,To perish ; to be being
waged (war) ; — khun skustan, To wipe or
wash off blood ; — khuni fuldne eurkh-tar az
khuni Juldn ast, This one is nobler than
that one ; — khuni kabutar, Wine ; — khun
kardan, To kilt, murder ; — khun kathldan
(kam kardan, guahddari), To bleed one ; —
khun giriftan, To be blood-stained (ni.c.) ;
— khuni murda, Blood curdling in the body
after death ; — khuni murda dar tahti jild,
Enebymosis; — khuni ndmm; Red wine;
dawn of morning; — khun na-ddrad, His
blood remains unavenged ;—-khun niehdn-
dan. To be afflicted ; to shed blood ; — khun
nisha-stan, To bleed from piles ; — khun ?<a-
mdnad, All power is gone ; — Jchun noshidatt,
To be afflicted ; to shed blood ; — khun
hadr kardan, To condone a murder; to re-
nounce revenge for it; — ba-khun giriftan,
To seek vengeance ; — dar khun ehudan, To
be bent on murder, to seek revenge;] —
khwun, khwan, A table; food; [khmani
gosht, The slab on which butchers cut
meat ;] — khon, A house, hotel, palace,
mansion.

sjUji. khun-db, kjiundba, Bloody

water; blood, a torrent of blood ; tears of
blood ; vermilion ; breathing hard ; — khun-
db ehaehldan, To die.

( 489 )

pU^ kkun-dshdm, Who drinks blood,
sanguinary.

yyt khun-alud, yji khun-aluda,
Blood-stained;— k]iun-dlud kardan, To stain
with blood.

&->)*>\ tyi khun-anduda, = Jj5\ yj*- q.v.

jWSji iMn-&ar, Shedding (or raining)
blood (generally said of the eyes of a
lover).

^-f yj*- M««-6ff*&t, Clotted together
with blood.

kh tin-band, Styptic.
khtm-baha, A fine for blood-shed-
ding; — khun-bahd ddshtan (bar-ddshtan),
To receive blood-money.

SA»=ji khunjada, khunjuda, Gum for clo-
sing wounds.

khwanjak, Coriander seed ; a kind

of corn.

'•Vf j*- khunjlda, A kind of eye-salve.
^Vji k&unchak, Fruit of mastic ; tre-
foil.

yl&^ji. khun-chakdn, Blood-dropping ;
blood-shedding.

<wy- Jehwuncha, A small table, like a tea-
board ; a tray ; meats seat from a mar-
riage feast to an absent friend.

ye~y- khiin-cMn (blood-gathering), A
bituminous liquor of the consistence of
wax, found iu tombs wherein embalmed
bodies have lain.

^V 4, Qf" khun-kkaraba. Bloody work.

jlr^V" kkun-khwdr, t^^yL khun-khysdra,
Devouring blood, cruel, blood-thirsty,
murderous, destructive.

Mji khun-khwdh, Blood-elaimer,

avenger.

0> i khun-khwdhl, Thirst for re-
venge, blood-thirstiness.

(jS^l*- yj4- khun-khwdragi, Murder, de-
struction; ferocity, blood-thirstiness.

tftAr*'.?*' khun-khwdri. Blood-shedding,
blood-thirstiness ; sorrow.

khwand, Lord, prince ; sharp, brisk.

j^ji khun-ddr, The slayer; the heir of
the slain (bound to revenge him).

u>—>> yji. khpun-dast, A sort of table.

j^Aiji khwand-kdr, j^ys. khwand-gdr,
The Turkish emperor; a king, lord.

Qjjji. MioandaH, khundan, To read.

yyyi- M"M-re2, Blood-shedding, blood-
thirsty ; an executioner ; an amorous
glance ; — kkun-ree kardan, To commit
bloodshed.

iStff- khun-rezi, Blood-shedding.

jUJji. khun-sdz, A murderer.

lA 1 /- khwanish, khunish. Reading ; inter-
cession.

J*rf yyi- Jchiin-farosh,~Who pays a small
amount of blood-money.

yLtii^i khun-fishdn, Blood-shedding,
cruel.

jl&ji khwan-kdr (for ^ iif*- q-v.)> A
title of the Gr.md Turk.

5o~ii yji. kj^iin-kaghida, One who has
been bled.

j&j*- khwungar, A tanner, currier ; a
cook.

jUijSiji. kjmn-giriftar, Dull, stupid.
"W^y^s- kjiun-girifta, Whose blood is
taken, condemned to die, at the point of
death; charged with murder; bled.

o";* cy* - iJtHn-garmi, Hot-bloodednesB ;
violeut commotion of the mind.

fc!J*" khiin-girya , Bloody tears.
N~>^ yj<s- khun-nab, *}U y^t &ft«n-naia,
Pure blood.

khwananda (for Myajiamda), A
reader; a singer, musician ; a crier.
Mjt- khuna, A rolling-pin, a roller,
(jij*- Bloody ; a murderer ; — Iskuni

kardan, To stain with blood ; to make
bleed (m.c).

khunyd, f^y 1 - khUnydgar, = W->*- ,
qq-v.

oVy 4 - khUnydn, An assassin, cut-throat.

ye*/- khunin, Bloody, bloody-coloured.

a jpf. khii'ur, kkuwurat, Debility.

a dJjji- khuvmlat. The relation of a ma-
ternal uncle ; (pi. of Midi) maternal
uncles.

tfi- khauh, Sweat ; — k&oh, Tares, darnel ;
a sister; — kJiawa, Strangulation, suffoca-
tion ; strangled ; a servant ; a narrow pass
between two hills.

^ys- kkwakd (for kjiwdkd), Wishing.

CjjLjiljay. khwahdnldan, To cause to beg.

•AAji khwahad (for khwahad), He wills.
khwahar ffor khwdhar), A sister.

(jiAji khwahish. Petition, entreaty.

Jay- khohal, khtvahl, Crooked, bent ; a
crooked-legged animal ; a shoe-stretcher.

l _ J £lAji- khwahlagi, Crookedness, curva-
ture,

AlAji khwahla, Crooked, bent.

khjihan, Oil- vendor or presser ; a

funnel.

a kkawy (v.n.), Being reduced,

fallen in, or collapsed (a woman who has
recently brought forth).

^yi. khwai, Sweat ; filth, rubbish ; a sown
field, a meadow, herbage just sprouting
above the ground ; a saddle-cloth, or dor-
sers below the saddle ; a helmet ; rust ;
mildew ; \_khwaiaz baghal rawdn ehudan, To
be ashamed ; to be afflicted ; — khwai dwar-
dan (bar-dwardan), To sweat ; to make
sweat ; to make blush, to put to shame ;
(also construed with the verbs afehandan,
ehakldan, dawidan, rawdn thudan, kardan,
giriftan ;)] — khoy, Manner, custom, mode,
humour, habit, nature, disposition, temper,
principles; [kAoyi dtishndk, A fiery tem-
per ; — khoy kardan (giriftan), To contract a
habit ; — khoy &i bd shir dar shawad bd jdn
bar-dyad, (met.) Nature does not change
until death ; — dhatta-klioy, Of gentle dispo-
sition -,—duriiM-khoy, Of a harsh disposi-

^y* ( 490 )

tion ; — . dlwdna - khoy, Crazy ;] — khawi,
Spittle ; — khawe, A helmet.

i)\ tSj 4 - khwai-dwar, Producing perspira-
tion, sudorific (m.c.).

u*ij*- kh.oy-at, khuy-at, khUy-at, Thy
temper.

cSJ 4 - khwai-chin, ^f- tS^ 8 - khwai-
k&wurd, A shirt, sock, or under waistcoat
(as imbibing the sweat).

^JJ 4 * vS)*" Mwi-Sprrf, <£?~ khwai-
k&wura, A saddle-cloth, and the flaps of a
saddle between the horse's sides and the
legs of a rider.

t^y*- Mwaukhoy, Funk ; shame.

•^J 4 - khawed, fchiwed, kjiwaid, A sown
field ; green corn, wheat or barley not yet
in ear.

>>j<i tfji khiwe-dard, A whitlow.
*>»4j<5- k&awedak-, jchwaidak, A kind of
melon.

U-V./- khawedan, khawidan, To chew the
cud ; to sell corn in the ear,

* J j (jj 4 - khwai-zada, Bathed in perspira-
tion.

*— i)*- khawesa, Disputing, contention.

u^^s- khwesh, Self, himself ; body; exis-
tence, presence ; a plough ; a species of
linen cloth ; a Kinsman ; a son-in-law ;
(for thwush) good, weli, pleasant ; —
fc&wesh-ra sdkhtan, To adorn oneself ; to
show oneself off ; to boast ;■— kjiwesh-rd ham
kardan, To make oneself scarce, i.e. to be
proud ; to be troubled ; — bar -khwesh chidan,
To undertake what is beyond one's power ;
to accept, to approve of.

yUsiyL khwesh&n (pi. of khwesh), Rela-
tions.

JijUjji khweshgwand, A kinsman.
^A^vijji. Jchipeshawandi, Consanguinity.
Lrij^- kJiwenh-bdx, Tain, frail, perish-
able.

fc>e* LMf- khwesh-bln, Arrogant, proud.

khweshtan, Oneself ; self ; —
khweshtan-rd drdstan, To adorn oneself ; —
khweshtan-rd jam' kardan, (gird giriftan),
To restrain oneself ; — khweshtan-rd tsadan,
To throw oneself upon, to dash against.

yaAiys- khweshtan-bizdr, Tired of, or
disgusted with, oneself.

i^z&i.}*- kAweshtan-bln, Self-important,
(jj^} (^xAjys- kjiweshtan-bini , Self-impor-
tance.

(j^sAjji. kAweshtan-ddr, Abstinent,
keeping clear of evil ; feeding well, loving
ease, and taking care of oneself ; cautious,
circumspect.

^sjU (j^-^.ji khweahtan-ddrl, Self-preser-
vation.

^U*. ys^yi. Ichweshtan-sitd'i, Self-com-
mendation.

^y-U^t ^jjiAjyt. khweshtan-shindsi, Conceit.

a ^>^ji i^ri)*- khwesh- qurdbdt, Relations.

jLSI&jja. kJiwesh-kdr, A farmer, husband-
man.

khwesh-kdm, Self-willed, obsti-
nate.

i_t.Ua \i (jioji khwesh-nd-shinds (y-^i* na-
shinds), Not knowing oneself, presump-
tuous.

ySo^i. khwesh-numdy, Vain, arrogant.
ij^J} 4 - khwesM, Relationship, consan-
guinity.

foj*- ihoygar, Habits, customs, manners.
(.5^ khwai-gir, A aaddle-cloth which
imbibes the sweat; — khoy-gir, Familiar,
sociable.

a Jiji jcjiuwail (dim. of kjtdl), A little
mole.

^iy^ kbwaila, Foolish, ignorant (em-
ployed chiefly in abuse).

J ^iSJ t khyiaindd, ^^j*- hkwaindh, An
earth -worm.

J^y- ikuywz, A bat.

khoya, A shovel ; an oar.

t)^.^ kjiwayidan, To sweat ; to be col-
lected; to live; — khowedan, To collect, to
assemble (intr.) ; to live.

khah, Ridicule, derision ; — hhah khah,
khahi Mkahi, Well done !

jys- khuhr, Native soil, residence, abode.

J* 4 - ihihl, khuhl, "SA^s. kjiahla, Crooked ;
a last for stretching shoes.

jjs- khi, A bottle, skin, bag (see *aiei).

(jWW*- kjiiydban, A parterre, flower-bed ;
an avenue (m.c).

yWWA khiydbdn-bandi, Trees form-
ing an avenue ; — khiydbdn-bandi kardan.
To plant an avenue (m.c).

a jchaydbal, Desperation, hopeless-
ness.

(jjisflsi khaydbidan, To chew (probably
misreading for yJ^W 4 - q.v.).

a khiydr, The eitrul ; a oueumber;
the resemblance of a cucumber ; — khiyari
riza, Gherkins.

a/i-^-jW- khiydr-chambar, Cassia fistu-
laris.

a jW- khiyar-ddn, A cucumber-bed;
an avenue of trees.

a j\j j^s- khiydr-xdr. A cucumber-bed.

a kMydrta, A small cucumber; —
kMydna'i sipand, Wild cucumber.

a jW*- khiydr-shambar, Cassia fistu-
laris.

<js)jW- khiydrah, A bubo (med.).

a j\) lijts*- khiydra-wdr. Multilateral.

a ^ khaydri, A kind of violet,

a (j>.^- khiydrain (dual), The two kinds
of cucumber, i.e. the cucumber and the
musk-melon ; their seeds (used medici-
nally).

khayazana, A wife's sister.

A (hA^iA- khayashim (pi. of kAaishiim),
Roots of noses.

a Ul*«s. khiydt, A needle ; — khaiydt, A
tailor.

a itUt kjiiydtat, Art of sewing ; tailor-
ing.

U ( 491 )

A JV*- khayal, khiy&l, A phantom, ghost,
spectre, apparition, vision ; a day-dream ;
imagination, fancy, idea ; thought, medita-
tion, reflection ; a malkin or scarecrow ;
name of a plant; — khayali batil, A. foolish
imagination ; — kkayal bastan, To imagine,
fancy, dream of ; — khayali bang., Imagina-
tions or visions produced by inebriation
with bang; — khayal pukhtan. To desire,
hanker after ; — khayali kham, A vain
imagination, ridiculous idea; — khayal kar-
dan (giriftan), To imagine ; to think ; —
kjiaydli mahdl, Conception of something
that cannot be realized; — m khayal ufta-
dan, To abandon a thought, to renounce
a chimera; (the word is also construed
with the verbs afshnrdan, bar-angekktan,
tardwidan, khdetan, didan, raftan, sanjidan,
kashldan, yajtan, &c).

khayalat (pi. of khayalat), Phan-
toms, imaginations ; — kkayaldti bl-ma'nd,
Absurd ideas ; — khaydldti Id-td'il, Ill-
grounded expectations.

a \] S 1 **- khaydl-ard, Thought-adorning.

a JUi Miaydl-andud, Mingled with
fancy.

a khaydl-bdz, Playing with

fancies.

a JV> hjiaydl-b&f, ^ JW*- khayal-

band, Who buildB castles in the air, a day-
dreamer.

a (jiij J Li. khayal -bnndi, Dreaming,
castle-building.

a $ JLi khaydl-parast, A bard ; a
viBionary ; a lover.

a khayalat, A phantom, spectre ;
imagination, fancy.

a }^» JWa khaydl-Buz, — ±*4 JWa q.v.

a ylt-JLi khaydlistdn, and —

a i-ii JUi khaydl-kada, A place haunted
by phantoms ; abounding in fancies or
imaginations.

a khayali, Imaginary, ideal, capri-
cious.

A khiydm (pi. of khairnat), Tents ; —
khaiydm, A tent-maker ; a surname of the
celebrated poet and mathematician 'Umar.

t o 4 *^ p^**- khiydm-bdsM, Inspector-gene-
ral of tents.

a khiyanat (v.n. of y/-), Deceiving ;
fraud, perfidy, treachery ; — khiydnat kar-
dan, To betray.

a u!-iLj£. khiyanaUpesha, Perfidious.

OjS-iLi khiydnatgar, A traitor.

khiydwdr, jjW*- khiydwar, Labour.

6)^}W*- khiydwan, = y^**- q.v.

B^W*- khaydyidan, To chew.

a khaibat (v.n. of s-*&), Being dis-
appointed, baulked, frustrated ; disappoint-
ment, hopelessness, despair.

A khaibar, A fort near Madina.

a i^— khaibar-saidn, AH (the con-
queror of Khaibar).

a iSjfa 4 - khaibari, A native of Khaibar.

JU**. kjittdl, A lie ; a joke, jest, pleasan-
try ; temperament, habit, natural consti-
tution.

A («W S - khait&m, A seal-ring; a seal,
signet.

g-A kjtech, A ploughshare.

^-<s- khid, Wheat or barley in the blade.

y^ei khi&wn, To be bent or curved ; to
tease, to card (wool or cotton).

kMda,, Curved, crooked ; carded.

A;-**- khair (v.n.), Being kind, favourable
to ; good ; better, best ; goods, riches ; —
khir. Liberality, nobility ; — khaiyir, A very
good or religious man.

j**- khir, A darkness in the eye, a mote
or dust playing before it ; the herb ox-eye ;
astonished, bewildered ; bare-faced, impu-
dent, dissolute, insolent; brave; vain,
useless, trifling, absurd ; causeless.

a uu\j*i- khairdt (pi. of khair at), Good
things; good works, charities; charitable
foundations.

a <J'\]* i >- khairdli, Intended for charitable
purposes, given (or to be given) or received
in charity.

a ?\ } t£- khaAr-a?ar, Excellent, edifying.

a j^-i^ khair-andesh, A well-wisher.

a i^t^ khair -andesM, Well-wishing.

o iV» khair bad, Farewell; may be
prosper '.

V J** khir buwd, Lesser cardamoms.

a khairat, A good thing, anything
excellent of whatever species ; good nature ;
a good woman ; — khirat, Election, choice.

a khair-khwah, Well-wisher ;

kind.

a p*- khair-khwahi, Benevolence,

kindness.

j**- j**- khir-khlr, Idle, futile words ;
dark ; groundless ; sprightly, saucy (see

y } e&- khir- sar, Vain ; shameless ; a
trifler.

a y>£- khair-gah, The interior (of a
house).

^ys± jthiragi, Malevolence, malignity ;
obscurity, dimness ; — khiragi'i chashm,
Dimness of sight.

a khair-ma'dl, Of a happy issue,

prosperous.

a ye*- khair ■•maqdam, Welcome to
you ! (opp. to khair-bdd, which is a for-
mula of leave-taking).

khjru, Ox-eye ; mallow-flower.

O^jr* 8 - khirwdn, The old name of Shir-
wan, the birthplace of the poet Khaqani.

tjei. khtra, Malevolent, malignant, quar-
relsome, moody, contumacious, froward,
perverse, obstinate, headstrong, unwilling
to listen; impudent, shameless, dissolute ;
brave, daring; astonished, confounded;
broken down, helpless ; dazzled, fatigued;
dark, cloudy ; causeless, groundless ; clear,
manifest ; torpid, sleeping (limb) ; vacaDt,

( 492 )

indolent, idle ; much, many ; stupor, as-
tonishment ; a mote or dust playing before
the eye ; the herb ox-eye ;—khira kardan,
To dazzle ; — ba-khira (bar-khira), In be-
wilderment, confusedly.

■*■**■ ktera-khaiid, Who laughs with-
out reason.

S _^ A khira-khir, = js*- q.v. ; — bar
hhlra-hkir, In utter bewilderment.

khira-chashm, Dim-eyed ; impu-
dent ; — khira-chashm raftan, To walk with
half -shut eyes, careless and inattentive to
surrounding objects.

Sjsd. khira-dardy, Simple, silly.

ts— >i> ftj^t thira-dast, Refractory, stub-
born, headstrong; awkward, slow, unskil-
ful; unlucky.

\j Sj-* khira-rd, In bewilderment, confu-
sion, disorder; confusedly, disorderly;
foolishly (see ba-khiia and bar khira under
»,«*.).

a ol) 8 js i khira-rdy, Of mean intelli-
gence, grovelling.

i£» "j**" kkira-ruy, Shameless.

r* */= i Mira-sar, Stupid, blundering;
Billy.

isy* *ys*- khira-sari, Obstinacy ; impu-
dence.

j** *yt** iMrasher, Enraged.

V 4 " khira-kush, Fearless ; tyrannical ;
an oppressor of the weak ; one who puts to
death without a cause, or relentlessly ; a
beloved object.

t»Aj* kktra-kosk, Crazy; a lover

(doubtful).

khira-nigdli. = q.v.

ts*;**- kjiiragl, Treachery.

^sr 6 ^ kjiirl, A portico, a balcony ; an
apartment on the top of a house from
whence any object is viewed ; red colour ;
mallows; name of a certain flower of which
there are several species : — khiri'i khazdmi,
Red and white species, growing wild ; —
khiri'i khutd'i, Black species ; — khiri'i shi-
rdzi (hamesha-bahtir), Yellow species ; —
khiri'i mirdlni (haft-rang), Violet or seven-
coloured species.

a hjs^- khairiyat, Welfare, safety ; inte-
rest, advantage ; goodness.

yti- khez, Impatient, pettish ; the wanton-
ness of the female pigeon ; a spring, leap ;
assault, shock, brunt ; a wave ; (in comp.)
awaking, exciting; producing; rising, grow-
ing; a riser; leaping, bounding, capering.
khez-ab, A wave, surge, billow.

L)^" 5 - kfiezdn, Rising, leaping ; a wave ;
a root running far and wide ; — khezdn-u-
uftdn, Rising aud falling, stumbling along
(see a^).

ti^y**- khezdnidan, To cause to rise, to
rouse, &c. (caus. of y-s-U. or <jA>j^).

^5 khez-bi-gir, A children's game (see

a (^.ye*- khaizurdn, A reed, cane, rattan ;

the root of the cypress ; the myrtle ;—
khaimrdni baladi, Wild myrtle.

a «t~»o y\j)s<s- khaizurdn dasl, With cane-
like (i.e. slender) fore-legs (horse).

a ,»o Q^jy*)*- khaizur&n-dum, With a reed-
like tail (horse).

T^'f^- khet-gir, Rise and catch (children's
game, somewhat like blind-man's buff) ; a
pigeon intoxicated with love.

»^>>*«5- khemnda, Rising, leaping ; sliding;
a boy's game of sliding from high ground j
a sledge.

t^;/*" 4 - khixwdn. Name of a country.

} ^ Sy^i kheza-gir, tyfi *ja4- kheza-gira, A
children's game (see j«S >>*-).

^jc** khize, A leap into the air (m.c).

O-Vjs* khezidan, To rise, leap ; to totter,
slide ; to go softly ; to creep on all fours ;
— bar- khezidan. The same meaning ; — chi
fchair khesad. What good will come of it
(m.c).

a u^iA khais (v.n.), Exhaling a disagree-
able smell, stinking, corrupting, being
putrid (carcase).

<_r*a^- M«s, A coarse linen counterpane;
imp. of q.v.

<v)AiL~)i. khisdndan, To macerate.

s-iit—jii. khisdnda, A cold infusion.

yXjiL-ai khistinidan, <y>*?,l~ tt* khisdyidan,
To cause to moisten ; to mix ; to creep for-
ward (as a child).

khista, Wounded ; sick, infirm
( — q.v.).

<yl^~ji khes-khdna, = q.v.

sju^a. khieinda, Moistening ; a cold in-
fusion.

<>— khisa, A coarse coverlet or garment.

yj^^ khisidan, To moisten, dissolve, or
mix (an electuary) ; to knead a mass of
paste with hands or feet; to chew; to
start back (as a horse) ; to dread; to be
terrified.

a o 4 *-^ khaish, Coarse linen cloth of an
open textuve, canvas.

lA**- khesh, A sort of linen cloth ; wadded,
lined (garment) ; a yoke; a plough-share;
a plough-beam ; good, handsome ; — kkeshi
misr, Egyptian linen ; — huni khesh, The
plough-tail or handle.

s^U-i khishdwa, Larrd prepared for sow-
ing.

<sjW-ii.ii khesh-khdna, A kind of tent con-
structed of reeds or linen cloth ; a tent
with tatties to exclude the heat ; a linen
shirt or shift; pure gold.

ejA-*~s<s- khaishafuj, Cotton-seed.

a f y - i^ khaishiim, The nose.

A khais (v.n.), Being few ; a little, a
trifle (given or received).

a k„<s. khait (v.n.), Sewing ; a thread,
string, twine; the spinal cord; [khaiti
aswad, 'The blackness of night; — khaiti
abyaz, The brightness of dawn ; — khaiti
bdtil, Gossamer ; rays of light resembling

( 493 )

threads, passing through crevices in win-
dow-shutters, &c. ;] — khlt, A herd of os-
triches ; a swarm of locusts.

a khaitat, kkaita (v.n.), Passing

quickly, and at once ; sewing ; thread.

A <-4*i- khaif (v.n.), FeariDg ; terror, fear ;
higher ground whence water flows ; the
declivity, the low^r part of a mountain;
tho skin of a camel's udder ; a temple on
the declivity of Mount Mina near Mecca;
— khayaf (v,n.), A variety in the colour of
the eyes (one being blue, the other black).

A AAji kMfat, Terror, fear.

khaifar, Household utensils.

nXts. khik, A leathern bottle, bag ; a hide ;
spoils of animals (as their skins).

i+>"\ aU*. khik-ab, A leathern water-bottle.

A^Xei khikcha (dim, of khik), A small
bag of Russia leather, holding about 20
English pints of water, which the Persian
cavalry tie under the horse's belly or hang
at his side.

jjj isi^a. khtk-doz, A stitcher of bottles.

<>i£*4- khaikala, Name of a herb.

vA£ 4 i. khig-ab, A leathern water-bottle.

<V^£*s- khlgcha, A small water-bag.

J«i khll, Snot.

a J«i- khail (v.n.), Imagining, thinking ;
horses ; horsemen, cavalry ; a tribe (esp. of
horsemen).

a 1M- khayuld, Arrogance, pride.

yS-s- khildn (pi. of khdl), Moles on the
body ; — khayaldn (v.n. of J**-), Thinking,
fancying; entertaining a vain or false
notion ; pride.

U^iLi. khaildnidan, = yJ^Stt q.v. (un-
supported by examples).

a t j^VsL,*. khailtdsh, A fellow-soldier,
comrade ; a general.

a "U^ilei- khail-khdna, An illustrious fa-
mily.

jiA- khilu, Mallows.

a khailulat (v.n. of J**-), Imagi-

ning, fancying.

(jl**- khaili, Many, very much ; very
long; — khaili ddam ad, Is he such a great
man ? — khaili-khub. Very good, all right
(ro.c) khaili vmqt ast. It is a long time
since (tn.c).

ytfi; ijt** khaili-chiz, Important (m.c).

A pat* khaim (v.n.), Lifting (the feet) ;
fearing, acting the coward ; having recourse
to fraud ; the recoiling of fraud on its con-
ceiver; — khaim, khayam, khiyam (pi. of
khaimat), Tents ; — khim. Nature, disposi-
tion; (in P.) a bad disposition; excrement
of the eye, snot, spittle, vomit, scrapings
of the intestines ; pus ; a wound ; a large
sack, woven from cotton thread ; a fool, a
madman.

sLJU-i- khimshdh (?), Sorrow, grief
(doubtful word).
lilU*^ khirnndk, Wounded.

kJiaima, A tent, tabernacle, circu-

lar pavilion ; — khaima'i azraq, The sky ; —
khaima afgandan, To strike a tent ; to
pitch a tent (incorrectly in imitation of
Indian idioms) ; — khaima bar- (bar pd) kar-
dan, To pitch a tent ; — khaima bar sar
anddkhtan (bar-kandan) , To strike a tent;
— khaima ba-mhrd burdan, To be absent or
invisible ; to be public or exposed to view ;
— khaima birun zadan, (met.) To go abroad ;
— khaima dar khardbi zadan, To be fearless
or shameless ; to travel ; — khaima'i dimd-
<jh i »aghir, Tent of cerebellum (med.) ; —
khaima'i dahr (ruhdniydn, zangari, kabiid),
The sky ; — khaima zadan, To pitch one's
tent, to alight ; to lead an army ; to stand
erect ; to be vain and proud ; — khaima
fi.ro hishtan, To strike a tent ; — khaima
gustardan (kashidan), To pitch a tent; —
khaima kandan, To strike a tent; — khaima'i
nau-rd tandbi nau mubdyad, A new tent
requires new ropes, (met.) a new king
should have new servants.

a j^J <U-i khaima-doz, A tent-maker.

a <U-i khavnui-zan, A pitcher of tents,
an officer who has the direction of encamp-
ments.

a \y khaima-sard, The sky.

a ^ khaima-gdh, A camp.

a ^S+eis. khaimagi. An officer who directs
the pitching of tents, a chamberlain ; a
large needle for sewing tents.

a t^** 5 - khaimi, A tent-maker.

khmd, Sweet voice, song, modula-
tion.

^U*^ khindgar, A musician, minstrel,
j^ji. khinawar. The bridge across hell-
fire.

yj-isi khinidan, To adorn, to decorate
(doubtful word).

khayii, khiv, Spittle, saliva; — khayu
afgandan (zadan, kardan). To spit.
khayuz, = )<j>.f- q.v.
A (^y^- khayoshdn, Name of a city in
Khurasan,

a lefzi. khuyut, khuyutat (pi. of

it), Threads, twines, string

Mifcaj, A country in Persia.
^}-tr- khiwak (dim. of jt^), A little
spittle.

a Jj**- khuyul (pi, of khail), Horses ;
troops ; tribes.

ejA*i*- khayldan, To chew, to gnaw (see

o (J (pronounced as in English, and called
ddli abjad, ddli ghair manquta, or ddli
muhmala, undotted ddl), The tenth letter of
the Arabic-Persian alphabet, denoting 4 in
arithmetic, and the fourth day in the week,

k> (4

or Wednesday ; also the planet Mercury in
the Ephemerides, and the sign Leo in the
Zodiac. It is sometimes interchangeable
■with <*> , <i , or j , as Mat for Mad, adar
for amr, dizdr for didar.

U da, The groundwork of a building.

a. «Aj da' (v.n. of Being sick ; dis-

ease, sickness ;— dd'u 's-sa'lab, The fox's
disease, i.e. scald, loss of hair; — da'u'l-
haiya, Fish-skin disease, ichthyosis ; —
dd'u 's-eubdt, Catalepsy ; — dd'u 'l-fil, Ele-
phantiasis ;—da'u 'l-kalb, Hydrophobia.

A da'b, da'ab (v.n.), Striving, exert-
ing oneself; habit, manner; driving vio-
lently forward.

ddb, Magnificence, pomp, ostenta-
tion •, manifestation; abbreviation of sj\)^
q.v.

M* 1 ddba (in Zand and Pazand), Gold.
(jjj^^J ddbdhdnitan (in Zand), To
laugh.

Sjlu/VaIjIj ddbdhdnida, Laughing.

a £}W ddbbat, Whatever creeps upon the
earth, a reptile; a beast of burden; a
saddle-horse, nag, cob ; — ddbbatu 'l-arz,
The beast coming forth as the first sign of
the coming Judgment Day, touching the
believers with the staff of Moses and
marking the face of the infidels with the
seal of Solomon.

aj>^ ddbir, A follower ; an arrow passing
through the mark ; the end or last of any-
thing; root, origin.

ddbieha, A kite ; a chaffinch.

t+ i^ ddbishlim, Name of a dynasty
that reigned in Sonianat (said to signify
Great King in the language of India) ;
name of a king.

y^j*^ ddbunitan (in Zand and Pazand),
To give.

ddparaa, A swallow.

jt ddiu-bar, Administering justice,
just.

bf^ J datura, The thorn-apple.

a da's (v.n.), Eating.

a f\t dasir, Dirty (garment) ; perishing ;
inattentive, negligent.

ddj, Darkness, obscurity ; a dark
night (probably from Ar. „e)«>).

A ddjj, Those who go softly ; compa-
nions, associates, helpers; those who let
out asses, camels, Ac. for hire ; traders
following the pilgrims.

a d&jin (pi, dawdjin), Tame, do-

mestic, cade (animal).

a ddjinat, A tame sheep or pigeon ;
an incessant gentle rain overspreading a
whole country.

ctUAj ddchak, An ear-ring.

a £=^>> ddhat, A picture drawn to amuse
children.

a y-tt-^J ddfris, A whitlow.

a ddMfat, A false or futile argu-
ment.

4 ) Jb

(j&sA^ dakhtan, To know.

ddkhis, (jS-t\j ddkhish, A weaken-
ing and wasting illness.

A J*-^ J dtiJchil, Who or what enters, pene-
trates, or arrives ; accruing (profit) ; inner,
internal ; the interior ; an entry ; — ddJcJtHi
uzn, The ear-drum ; — ddkhil »hudan, To
belong, to be referred to ; to enter (ra.c).

a gjU- J^j ddMil-iharij, Transfer or
erasure of an entry.

J«s-1j ddlchul, A king's court.

djld JiU ddJehil-ddr, An occupant.

a J*W ddJchU-daftar, Placed on re-
cord ; filed with the record ; laid aside,
postponed ; struck off the file.

a, <i*U ddkhil-nama,, A warrant or

deed of possession ; a. conveyance.

a <sX*-W dtikhila, Receipt for goods or
money.

a Mkhiti, Contained, belonging to.

^UTo dd]ehim., Sustenance, daily bread.

J^\j ddkhol, A kind of seat or bench at
the entrance of a palace ; figures set up at
the corners of fields to frighten wild beasts
into the toils ; a scarecrow ; a king's court.

(jj^U ddMldan, To open the eyes, to
stare ; to separate, divide one thing from
another.

•>lo dad, He gave ; a gift ; justice, equity ;
redress of grievances ; complaint, lamenta-
tion (under oppression) ; measure ; a part,
portion ; revenge ; a ringworm ; life ; age ;
a year ;— dddi bdld, Symmetry of figure ;—
dadi Mudd, Gift of God ; — ddd khwddan,
To demand redress ; — dad dddan, To ad-
minister justice, to decide a cause ; to
lament, to complain ; — dddi dil, Heart's
desire -dad zadan, To shout, to raise the
voice (m.c.) ; — dad satdndan, To take ven-
geance ; — dad Itardan, To do justice, decide
a law-suit, adjudge ; — ddd u jirydd Jcardan,
To implore justice, to call aloud for ven-
geance ; — 'adl u ddd. Equity and justice.

dtuld, A female servant, particularly
an old one who has attended upon a.nyone
from her youth ; a handmaid.

ddddr (for ddd-dwar), Distributor
of justice ; one of the epithets of God.

ola-\ ddd-istdd, Giving and taking,
buying and selling ; commerce.

juy^ S\j ddd-dfarid, ytfi »>ta ddd-dfarin,
Name of God ; name of a note in music.

duddla, The handle of. the bat at
the game of hockey.

dddan, A title of the kings of
Persia, from Kayumars to Guah.ta.sp.

ddd-bdzi, A game played with

dice.

J^. <i\-i ddd-baMjsh, Justice-dispensing.

( _ s a*>. o\j ddd-baMshi, Dispensation of
justice -y—ddd-baMshi Jcardan, To dispense
justice.

jIj ddd-beg, An administrator of

i justice.

(

(j*/, j dad -pure, Demanding justice,
o-^ ^>> dad-pwm, A demand for juB-
tice.

t\p. dM-hhwah, A petitioner for
justice.

ij^V" ^ J ddd-khwdhl, Requisition of
justice.

*>> >»W ddd-dih, Distributing justice
(name of God) ; the fourteenth day of the
month, according to the sera of Yazdagird.

ytftj lsIj ddd-dihish, Munificence ; & pre-
sent.

otj dad-dihi, Administration of jus-
tice.

;^*> dddar, dddir, Brother, dear friend ;
God.

«>\>*>W dadrdd, God ; a builder, carpenter
(doubtful word).
<js~J) l>\j ddd-rdst, Just, upright.
jA>\ (Zadar-cmaJar, A brother uterine.
dad-ras, Administering justice ;

jo sit.

u~j ddd-rasi, Redress, retributive
justice.

•ily&J dddarand, An elder brother.
4>U~ ddd-sitad, ax-, *>W dud'Sitad, =
j\j q.v.

dddistdn. Being a partner ; being
contented and satisfied ; — ddd-dtdn, An
avenger ; a king ; a judicial decree.

^^at- ddd-sukkun, Appreciaiion of a
apoech.

a srJt •jU ddd-talab, Seeking justice.

J\j dad -far may, God ; a just king.

i!>>ta dddak, A lord chief justice ; —
daduk, An old servant ; an officer of jus-
tice.

t\$ j\j ddd-gdh, A judgment-seat; a
sepulchral monument.

dddgar, An administrator of justice ;
a superintendent of the markets, who puts
a price upon provisions ; name of a certain
feast ; God Omnipotent ; a just king.

dddgari, Administration of jus-
tice.

t>W ddd-guetar, Just; God; the

heart.

^f^S >>\j ddd-gustari, Dispensation of
justice.

ddd-gtr, Just; an avenger; cus-
tom.

Cjota dddan, To give ; to command ; to
play the whore; — irshdd dddan, To guide,
to direct;— -instil dddan, To receive hospi-
tably ; — tasmlm dddan, To establish firmly ;
—jamal dddan, To show one's beauty ; —
Miata dddan, To commit a fault or an
error; — bd% dadan, To give back, to remit ;
ba-'adam bdz dddan, To annihilate ; — ba-
qalam bdz dddan, To efface, to erase ; —
jawdb baz dddan, To give a reply ; — bar-
dddan, To give, &c. (see also jj).

a>j1j dddand. An elder brother.

dddandar, A uterine brother.

495 ) ;b

dadani, Worthy to be given ; a
present ; place of gifts, i.e. where presents
must be offered ; advance of money for
work or goods.

)±\<s dddu, An aged servant; one who
has served from his youth ; a tutor ; a
youth.

j ddd-u-bisitad, — ybu. ^ q.v.

dddwar, A name of God.

} ddd-u-sitdn, J>x- job ddd-u-
sitad, Giving and taking, lending or bor-
rowing.

aJj^j dddwand, Equal, even, just.

ddda, Given, delivered; giving; —
ddda dmadan, To be given ; — tdb-ddda, In-
flamed; — jazd'ddda, Rewarded, requited,
chastised according to desert.

dddi, Name of a small bitter grain ;
name of the twenty-fifth day of the month
according to the era of Yazdagird.

tS^M dddi-faryddi, A plaintiff, a

complainant.

i£j«>W dddlg, — os!o\j q.v.

;j\«> ddzar, A brother ; a friend ; God.

}&>\ ddzar-andar, A uterine brother.

jto ddr (S. ddru), Wood ; a gallows, gib-
bet ; a beam ; the roofing of a house ; a
tree, stake ; rope-dancing ; also the rope
on which they perform ; a die for coining
money ; long pepper ; name of a city in
Malwa, or Central India; name of God;
(imp. of ddshtan, in comp.) holding, pos-
sessing, keeping; a keeper, possessor, lord,
master, as peshdnl-ddr, Having a (bold)
forehead, impudent, obstinate, Ac. (see
also (ji^n) I — ddr dddan, To impale ; —
ddri razdn, Vine-trellis ; — dari ritrni, A
medicinal plant; — ba-ddr bar-dwardan
(bastan, kardari), bar ddr zadan (kardan,
Jeashidan), To crucify, to hang, to impale.

Ajb ddr, A house, dwelling, mansion,
habitation, inhabited place ; seat ; coun-
try, district ; — ddru ibtild, House of proba-
tion, the world ;■ — ddru '1-dMiirat, The next
world ; — ddru Uadab, A seat of learning,
university ; — ddru 'l-irshdd, Abode of
I right guidance ; Ardebil ; — ddru 'l-imd-
rat, Eoyal residence, capital; — ddru 'l-
amdn, House of safety ; a country with
which there is peace ; — ddru 'Lbaqd,
The everlasting abode, Paradise ; — ddru 'I-
bawdr, The abode of perditiou, hell ; — ddru
'l-hads, A privy ; — ddru, 'l-harb, An enemy's
country ; — ddru 'l-hukumat (khildfat), Royal
residence, capital ; — ddru 'l-Jckildfati ddam
(pidar), The world ; — ddru 's-saldm, The
mansion of peace ; Paradise ; Baghdad ; the
Ottoman Porte ; — ddru ' s-saltdnat, Royal
residence (Tahariin, Tabriz, Kazwin, Isfa-
han) ; — ddru 'shshar', A court of law, a
spiritual court ; — ddru 'sli-shifd, A hospital,
infirmary ; — ddru 'shshu'ard, Council-
house ; — ddru 'sh-ehu'ard millatl, National
assembly, house of commons (m.c.) ; — ddru

( 496 )

'z-zarb, The mint; — ddru'z-zaif, A hospice;
— ddru 'l-'ibddat, Abode of worship ; Yazd ;
— ddru 'l-'addlat, Court or hall of justice;
— ddru 'l-'ilm, College, school, university ;
— ddru 'l-'iwaz, Abode of retribution ; —
ddru , l-'iydr, Assay office ; — ddru 'l-fand,
The perishable abode, the world ; — ddru 'l-
junun. College of science, university ; —
ddru 'l-qarar, House of permanency, man-
sion of rest ; a burial-ground ; the grave ;
— ddru 'l-qazd, Judgment-seat, tribunal of
justice; — ddru 'l-kutub, A library; — ddru
'l-qimdr, A gambling-hell ; — ddru 'l-maraz,
A hospital ; — ddru 'l-mukdfai, The abode
of retaliation, the world ; — ddru 'l-mulk, A
capital ; — ddru 'n-nishdt, Ourmia ; — ddri
ripunj (sipanji), The vile world; — ddri
surur. Abode of joy, paradise; Tiflis; —
ddri ghash-dar, The house with six doors,
the world; — ddri ahurur. House of delu-
sion ; the world ; — ddri fand, The perish-
able world ; — ddr u dasta, House and
family ; — ad-dtirdn (ddrain), The present
and future life.

ddrd, Holding fast; a possessor;
God ; Darius, son of Darab ; the Darii,
kings of Persia; a sovereign; lees, sedi-
ment ; — ddrd'i kkirman, The owner of the
crops (opp. to the gleaner) ; — ddrd'i rum,
Alexander the Great ; — ddrd'i shu'nn, A
holder of honours and dignities ; — ddrd'i
fffma, Lord of the species.

s-»\^ J ddrdb, Pomp, pride; the noise of
combatants ; a supporter, protector, pre-
server ; name of the eldest daughter of
Bahman ; name of the eighth king of the
Kayanian dynasty ; in the dialect of Gilan
= q.v.

•y s-^J ddrdb-gird, Name of a city
founded by Darab.

>*>yj ddrat, Magnificence, pomp, state.
ddr ad, May he keep or maintain ; a
name of God.

yjjS^j^o ddr~d-ddr kardan, To abide,
be firm, fixed, permanent ; — ddr-d-ddr na-
mudan, To delay, defer, put off.

\^i> dard-shikan, Overthrower of
Dara. (applied to Sikandar).

djX*^j ddrdshkana, A sublimate for the
refiuing of gold made in Isfahan ; — ddrdsh-
kana'ifarangi, Sublimate manufactured in
Europe.

Bj£a ddrd'shukoh, Powerful or ma-
jestic as Dara.

^ji^ ddr-dfrin, ^ay} ddr-afain,
Anything upon which one leans ; a screen,
lattice ; name of a drug ; a person in whom
one reposes confidence; an epithet of God ;
a raised bench, a sofa.

yA^tjlo ddrdnidan. To cause to hold.

oV J ddrdy, A keeper, a supporter ;
God ; lord of the species ; a king.

ddrd'i, Belonging to Darius ; sove-
reignty ; a red silken stuff (when waved.

fchdrd) ; — ddrd'i shah andar roz, A delicate
kind of material.

W ^ diir-bd, Necessary, needful,
jta ddr-baz, A rope-dancer.

I»W dar-bdm, The principal beam for
the support of a roof.

f. dar-bur, A woodpecker.

y*>* jta ddr-bazin, A screen or lattice-
work in front of a door ; a thing on which
one leans.

-*_>1o ddr-bast, A vine-trellis; a scaf-
fold, platform, stage.

<_st? ^ J ddr-buij, Odoriferous wood, aloes.

Jmi? y»> ddr-bahdl, Logwood (see JV ^ ,
of which it is probably a misreading).

flWrt j\j ddr-parniydn, Brazil-wood.
j' J ddr-para, &3> ddr-pazha, A lin-
net, a goldfinch.

J^i ddr-pilpil, Long pepper.

a. y<> ddrat, A house ; a halo round the
moon.

y^-i d&riu, Tartar (the acid).

s^.- ddr-chob, ddr-chub, A three-
legged piece of wood on which they hang
clothes, a clothes-horse.

(.yc? ddr-chlm, Cinnamon.

JU- ddr-Midl, A branch, sucker, sap-
ling ; a tree not grafted.

<ij\ J ddrd, ddrad, A name of God ; —
ddrad, He holds, has, is possessed of;—
ddrad adimi bi-kardn, He is infinitely
merciful.

yjjS ddr-ddr kardan, To remain

firm.

ddr dan, A nursery- ground.

ls-^o^o ddr-dast, Nightshade.

->jj jto ddr-zard, Turmeric.

v*-^ J (Jiir-sw)(&, A wimble, gimlet; a,
woodpecker.

gj— ddr-sanj, The world.

ddrish, Retention, custody, guar-
dianship, protection.

a J 11 ^ ddrish, A black hide or leather.

^jUi^A^o ddr-shisha'dn, gUj. ddr-
shvdn, The aromatic bark of a prickly tree ;
spikenard.

y2j*j^ dar-farin, A platform on which
they place cushions to sit on, particularly
at shop-doors.

J*^ ddr-filfil, Long pepper.

jjiS^U ddr-kadu, A post from which they
suspend gourds of gold or silver as marks
and prizes for archers, who shoot riding at
full speed.

v^;^ dar-kob, A woodpecker.

* — s*^ J ddr-kisa, A follicle, a pod.

JSj^ ddr-gul, A kind of embroidery.

J^f ^ ddr gosh, Preserve, take care of.

j£ ^ ddr-gir, Hold (and) take ; tumult,
bustle, conflict; dint of battle; pomp,
pride; dominion.

a ddrim, One who goes with short
steps ; name of the father of a tribe ; name
of a tree.

( 497 )

ddr-maddr, Adjustment of a dis-
pute ; reconciliation ; agreement, compact ;
protection, safeguard.

darmak, A kind of fragrant grass.

J*y ddr-miish, Arsenic.

u^ji^ ddrandagi, Possession, tenure,
holding ; firmness.

«A>;to ddranda, Having, holding; keeper,
possessor ; a bearer, carrier, messenger ; —
d&randa'i farmdni 'ali-shan, Bearer or
messenger of the king's orders ;— ddranda-
g&ni maMub, Letter-carriers.

isX^j daring, A butcher's tray.

«si*> jIj ddr-namah, A woodpecker (in
the dialect of Shiriiz).

JW ddr-nihdl, Logwood.

(j*)^ darinl, Name of a place in India
abounding in idol-temples.

ddru, A medicine, drug ; remedy ;
oxyinel, a preparation of vinegar and
honey; spirituous liquors ; gunpowder; an
inferior order of priests (amongst the fire-
worshippers) ; — ddru zadun, To make up a
medicine; — ddru Icardan, To apply a re-
medy ; to cure ; — ddruyi bunduq, Gunpow-
der ddruyi bihoeh, A maddening draught;
— daruyi jam'i amrdz, A panacea \— ddruyi
chashm, An eye-salve, collyrium ;— daruyi
reihtani, An injection, clyster;— ddruyi degi
ihikasta, A composition of sand and blood
for mending broken pots and pans ; —
— daruyi garm, Hot spices, cloves, cinna-
mon ; — ddruyi masii, An inebriant ; — daruyi
kosh-bar, Any drug that acts upon the
mind, especially that brings on madness.

y j )\* dur-u-bard, Power, strength, do-
minion ; pomp, pride, strut ; battle, con-
flict.

u*^» } y«> ddr-u-bikush, Dint of battle.

u\i- ddrd-kj^dna, A chemist's shop, a
dispensary.

jWj^o ddru-ddr, A foolish talker; one
who doubles his stakes at play.

yU^j ddruddn, A medicine-chest.

ddrushindsi, Pharmacy.

^jSt^j ddrogAagt, A superintendency.

ddmg&a, Head man of an office,
prefect of a town or village, overseer, or
superintendent of any department.

\J>^ ddru-farosh, A vendor of medi-
cines, apothecary, pharmacopolist.

vjAir* daru-faroahl, Trade of an apo-
thecary.

SjJ^j ddru-kada, A chemist's shop, a
dispensary.
lAiii^W ddru-Jeunanda., A medical man.
vji" duru-hob, One who brays medi-
cines in a mortar ; a mortar in which
drugs are pounded ; — ddr-u-hob (hold and
beat), Pomp and pride.

*lf ddru-galla, Kamala (Mallotus
philippensis) .
pZ j jld ddr-u-glr, = j-S jl J q. v.

)\*» j } \<i ddr-u-maddr.

ddr-u-maddr kardan, To make a compact,
<fcc.

ejy^ darwan, The common elm-tree.
ddra, A scythe, sickle; a circle; a
halo round the moon ; a stipend, salary.

tAsjyta ddrwuh, A flag, a standard (un-
supported by examples).

dd,ri, Thou hast or boldest ; super*
intendent of the public granaries ; a court,
palace; a bell in the Christian churches in
the East, for summoning the people to
worship ; a certain measure of wheat.

a <j^»> ddrly, One who keeps close at
home; one who knows; belonging to the
town of Darin, whither musk is brought
from India; hence musk brought from
Darin ; a seller of such musk, and of per-
fumes in general.

*■ t>.i^J ddrain (obi. case of the dual of
ddr), The present and future life; — ddrln,
Name of a sea-port in Bahrain (see the
preceding article).

a^ji )\>> ddr-ytindn, Name of a medicine.
jlJ ddss, Beards (of corn) ; bones (of
fish) ; a plasterer ; plaster ; a plastered
wall ; a building.

j\ jta ddx-ar, j)W ddxar, A builder ; an
epithet of God.
jj^j ddzdrv, An epithet of God.

dam, A perch, hen-roost; a word.
jf*> ddzh, Sweepings, especially those of a
barn.

y*\j dde, A sickle, reaping-hook ; a long-
handled bill, used as a weapon of war;
destruction ; potter's earth ; a beard of
corn; a fish-bone; a noose, toil, snare;
me ; a pot, pau; — ddsi raz, A vine-dresser's
hook; — ddsi sarin, The new moon; — ddt-u-
dalut, Broken in pieces, destroyed; foolish,
base ; pruninga, trifles, rubbish.

jUj ddsdr, jts-.^ ddstdr, A crior, broker.

yU-U ddstdn, History; a theme, fable,
romance, tale, story, news ; notoriety ;
snares, ambush ; — ddstdn afyandan (par-
ddkhlan, zadan), To narrate, to commemo-
rate ; to tell a story ; to talk of; — ddstdn,
zadan, (also) To count upon ; — ddstdn kar-
dan, To make (one) renowned, to sing
one's praises.

45^ati~\j ddstkhdla, *JULu.t«j ddttfiidla,
&J\-Cx-.U ddstkdla, ddskhdla, A small

sickle, pruning, or weeding-hook ; a lop-
ping instrument; a hooked stick for pulling
down branches ; a mistress.

j^j dds-dirav, A sickle ; harvest.

aJU-U dde-ghdla, <sJ^-.tJ dde-kdla, 4ltX^J
dds-gdla, das-gala, = ddst-

khdla, ,&c. q.v.

&— \>i ddsa, A sickle; a beard of corn.

jMj dash, A potter's furnace ; a reposi-
tory for asbes ; a present ; (added to a
noun) a companion, as kh,wdja-ddih, A fel-
low-servant; — sabaq-ddsh, A school-fellow
(see o^)-

( 498 )

vWj ddshdb, A present, free gift.

«>U^ ddskad, A donative ; remuneration,
amends ; a kiln ; cheerfulness, glee ; an
apothecary, perfumer.

ddnht, He had, he held; a bring-
ing up, breeding, taking care of, patron-
age ; the grooming of a horse ; service ; a
potter's furnace; a present; — ddehti nehu
ydfta, Well-groomed (horse).

(^sMo ddshtan, To have ; to hold ; to
possess; to profess, maintain ; to consider
(with two accusatives) ; — bardbar ddshtan,
To hold equal to ; — bar an ddshtan, To lead
one (to do a thing, to act in a certain man-
ner), to instigate ; — bar pay ddshtan, To
erect, to place upright ; — ba-ranj ddshtan,
To find troublesome, to consider a nuisance.

ddshta, Had, holden; old, worn
out ; — dushmane ddshta shudan, To be held
in abhorrence.

jW*>^ ddsh-khdr, Jlat*^J dash-Jchdl,
j^stA^j ddsh-lchwdr, Dross of iron.

(^M»> ddshan, A present, free gift ; wages,
recompence; a largess in money or cloth-
ing distributed amongst the poor by the
ancient kings of Persia on certain days of
public rejoicing.

A^^da'z (v.n.), Suffocating, strangling;
filling (a bottle).

a dd'l, Who or what invites or

stimulates (others) to anything; who prays
for, invokes a blessing upon ; the Muezzin
who calls to prayers ; Muhammad (as caller
to the faith).

a lns\<i dd'iyat, The neighing of a war-
horse ; petition, desire ; milk remaining in
the udder and drawing forth a fresh flow
of milk.

£\ j ddgh, A mark ; scar, spot, freckle ; a
blemish ; cautery ; a spot upon a garment,
iron-mould ; a conceit repeatedly impressed
by a poet ; the name of a poet mentioned
at the end of a ghazal or qaslda ; (for T.
£Uc) a mountain ; — ddghi db, A water- mark
in a book ; — ddgh, bar-chidan (bar-ham chi-
dari), To mark by branding; — ddgh bar
dast sokMan, To tattoo the hand (as a love-
token, see ddgM hdghH below) ; — ddgh
biirdan. To efface or obliterate a mark ; —
ddgh. bar ru'i yakh niliddan (mdndan), To
try to annoy or injure without producing
an effect ; — ddghi balanddn, A mark made
upon the forehead by frequent prostra-
tions ; — ddghi panja, A mark branded
upon the royal horses (particularly of the
Saiawi dynasty), bo called in aAluaiou to
the five saintly persons, Muhammad, Ali,
Fatimah, Hasan, and Husain ; — ddgh ddsh-
tan. To bear a mark ; to afflict sorely (fol-
lowed by the accusative); — ddgh raftan,
The mark disappears, is obliterated ; —
ddgh reJchtan, To mark or brand; — ddghi
zinda, A wound still bleeding (said if a
person has just died, and a near relative

of his is at death's door) ; a fontanel; —
ddgh sdiktan, To mark or brand ; — ddgh
sdlchtan db, To dip heated iron, gold or a
stone repeatedly into water, which thereby
is supposed to become a tonic for the
stomach ; — dd gh shudan, To be scarred ; to
acquire celebrity ; to be old and worn ; —
ddgh shudam a&,The undergoing of the de-
scribed process by water ; — ddgh shustan,
To remove or obliterate a mark, Ac. ; —
ddghi ghul&ml, A mark branded on a run-
away slave after his re-capture; — ddghi
fatila'i, Moxa (med.) ; — ddghi f-sq, A stigma
of wickedness; depravity, ignominy; —
ddgM qassdr (qassdfdn, gdzurdn), A mark
made on linen seut to be bleached, that it
may not be changed ; an indelible mark ; —
ddghi hdghh, A tattoo burned with blue
paper into the hand of a lover ; —ddgh liar-
dan, To cauterise ; — dd gh i giriftan, To
efface a mark ; — ddgM nukhud, A fontanel
(med.). (The word is, moreover, construed
with the verbs afgandan, bastan, chaspidan,
chidan, dddan, dokhtan, sokhtan, kashidan,
gugdshtan, in the sense of " imposing a
mark," "branding," the passive of which
is formed with uftddan and nishastan.)

* J lS J* ddgh-bar-rukh-tsdda, Born
with the stigma of servility.

j) f ddgh bar ril, Mark of servitude.

ddgh-ddr, Spotted, marked,
branded; a slave; blemished, vitiated,
perverse ; — ddgh-ddr kardan. To vitiate.

Jj ddgh-dil, Heart-sore, broken-
hearted.

ja>j £\j ddgh-dida, Marked, spotted,
spoiled.

^U^i^j ddghistdn, A country thug
named on account of its being very moun-
tainous.

ddgh-sar, Bald ; name of a sweetly-
singing bird ; a cock-sparrow.

ailMij ddgh-gdh, A patent-office ; a ter-
race or mound to sit and converse on ; a
custom-house ; a tribunal.

jSJ^j ddgh-gar, Who marks or brands.

a £^ ddgh-nih, Shaming, disgracing,
branding.

J*isW ddghol, A cheat, knave, impostor.

Jjfc^ ddgholi, Knavery, fraud, impos-
ture ; bastardy ; name of a spy.

l5 '\j ddgtii, Spotted, staiued; — ddghi
shudan, To bear a mark ; to acquire noto-
riety ; to wax old, wear out.

ddgMna, Old, used, worn out; the
hot iron with which they perform the cau-
tery.

a ilU ddfat, An army gradually ap-
proaching the enemy.

a gita ddfi'i One who drives back, averts,
or hinders ; a protector.

a ildfi'a (fem. of the preceding),

Repelling; — quwati ddfi'a, Repelling power ;
power of expulsion.

( 499 )

a ij^J ddfiq, (Water) poured out.

ddl, A large "black eagle ; a huge fish
(doubtful) ; thick and fat ; (for ddr) wood
(in some compounds, as ddl-parniydn, <fcc.) ;
(for dar, imp. of dashtan) hold; — ddli
miniifar, One of the twenty-one chapters
composing the Zand.

a JW da'l (v n.), Going slow; a wolf ; a
weasel; — ddll, Who or what indicates,
points out, directs, shows, signifies, de-
notes, or implies ; significant, indicatory,
expressive.

ddldba, (Pickets) on guard.

t)3U dalan, <uSlo ddldna, A hall, vesti-
bule; a covered way ; a corridor (m.c).

*/fJW ddlbura, and —

8>>l\j ddlbuxa, ddlbusha, A yellow-

hammer (a small bird).

J^>> ddl-buz, 6jjj JU dal-biiza, A kind
of swallow.

ddl parniydn, Brazilian wood.
J* J ddl-para, A chaffinch.

Art ddl-puz, J\j ddl-puea, &fe
ddl-puzha, = jj> q.v.

J^s- Jto A shrub transplanted.

a J' J ddl-daum, A dwarf palm-tree
(see A. ,»jj).

a t-A)W da?t/, Heavy-laden, going slow.

y* JIj ddl-man, A black eagle.

s j»3ta ddluzha, = ft q.v.

«ta idfo, An eagle (unsupported by
examples).

h daii, A basket; a basket of fruit ;
a present of fruit, sweetmeatB, &c.

«j«JW ddliza, ddlizh, The grey par-
tridge ; a sparrow.

8)»>J\j ddl-yoza, = )fj\<i q.v.

dam (8. ddmd, daman), A snare, trap,
gin, or net ; (met.) vanities and deceptions
of the world, worldly illusions; (opp. to
dad, and related to S. dam " to tame ")
every kind of quadruped that is not rapa-
cious, a deer, roe, gazelle ; anything creep-
ing or winged, an insect ; — dam anddkhtan
{ehidan, dashtan, tadan,kashidan,nihddan),
To spread a net ; — dam bdftan, To make a
net;— dam bar-ham chidan, To gather up the
net ; — ddmi ddhul, A complete hunting
apparatus, with nets, &c. ; — ddmi 'ankabut,
The spider's web ; — dam gashtan, To spread
a net ; to cheat, gull ; to escape from a
Bnare ; — dam gusistan, To break (through)
a net ; — ddmi muehkin. The locks of a mis-
tress ; — la-dam dmadan (shudan), To fall
into a net, to be ensnared.

h fta dam, A small coin ; the fortieth
part of a rupee.

ddma, (in prayer) May it endure
for ever t in such phrases as ddma dau-
latu-hu, May his fortune or empire con-
tinue ; — ddma $illu-hu (hum). May his
(their) shadow, i.e. prosperity, never va-
nish ; — ddma mulku-hu, May his kingdom
be everlasting.

a »Wj da'md', ddmmd', The hole of a
shrew ; earth scraped out of it ; the sea.

oUW ddmdd, A son-in-law ; a father-in-
law ; husband of the king's sister; a near
ally ; a wooer, a lover ; — ddmdd shudan, To
marry.

^jdWd ddmddl, Affinity, the relation of a
son-in-law ; a wedding feast; — ddmadi
kardan, To contract an alliance, to marry.

JWj ddmdl, Household furniture.

CjUW daman, Skirt, hem; foot of a moun-
tain.

a yWo daman, Name of a place in 'Iraq
noted for its apples.

yAjUU ddmdnidan. To cause to venti-
late.

iaJlf*W ddmbdk, Name of a king, who,
according to Eastern belief, reigned over
the ante- Adamites, beings supposed to
have had flat heads, for which reason they
are called by the Persians ,4-J q.v.

a (f\>i damikh, Temperate (night).

j*U d&i.i-dar, Who spreads a net, sets
up a snare, &c. ; a fisherman, a fowler, &c.

^AoU ddm-ddri, The laying of nets ; a
branch of revenue arising from bird-
catchers, players, and musicians.

jyj fSt dam dunor, Lady-in-waiting
(m.c. from Fr. dame d'honneur).

jVw«\j dam-sdz, Setting up nets or
snares.

a ddm-tirdzdn, Hunters, fowlers;

contrivers, schemers ; cheats, knaves, im-
postors.

a ddmi', Shedding tears, tearful.

a t*Aii ddmi'at, (A wound or fracture in
the skull) letting blood flow (if the blood
only appear or drop, the wound is then
called ddmvyat) .

q\aAj ddmaghdn, Name of the metro-
polis of a province of Persia called Qims.

a ddmighat, A wound in the head
penetrating the brain.

Jyu\j ddm-gkol, Scrofulous humour ;
swelling in the glands, wen ; a sylvan
demon.

<iUU ddmak (dim. of dam), A rabbit,
hare, or any small animal not carnivorous ;
a sort of veil for the head.

{m f*J |»W ddm-kashi, The spreading of a
net ; cheating, gulling ; escape from a
snare.

1x6 ddm-kanda, (Having broken, and
hence) escaped from the net.

dam-gdh, A place where nets are
laid ; (met.) the world, also called ddmgdhi
khirad (dev, suttlr, gurg).

daman, A skirt, tail, hem, border ;
the sheet (of a sail on ship-board) ; the
foot or skirt of a mountain ; — daman az
badi nigdh dashtan, To abstain from evil ;
— daman afshdndan, To be far from ; to
abandon, to forsake \~ddman afshurdan,
To fasten or tighten the skirt; — ddmani

r 1J (

aluda, (met.) Sin, crime ; — ddmani bdg&e
giriftan, (met.) To court retirement; —
daman bald zadan, To tuck up the skirt
(preparatory to riding or working) ; —
daman ba-danddn kardan (giriftan), To
humble oneself ; to be weak ; to flee ; —
daman bar dtish (akkgar) zadan, To fan up
a fire with the skirt ; — daman bar-afshdn-
dan, To travel, to migrate; to abandon,
turn away from ; — daman bar chiragh aj-
thdndan (zadan), To extinguish the candle ;
— daman bar chiragh, poshldan, To protect
the candle from the wind by holding one's
skirt before it;— daman bar-cMdan, To
gather up the skirt ; (met.) to oppose ; to
shun ; — daman bar-zadan, To prepare for
work; — daman bar zamin hashidan, To trail
the skirt, to walk pompously ; — daman bar
kamar pechTdan (zadan, sakht kardan),
daman bar miydn zadan (muhkam kardan,
girih kardan), To tuck up the skirt; —
daman bastan, To fasten or tighten the
skirt ; — ddmani pak, Blameless conduct ;
purity of manners ;— ddmani pusht, The
train of a garment or robe (m.c.) ; — ddmani
pahliiddr, An ample skirt ; — ddmani tar,
(met.) Sin, crime ;~ddman jam' kardan,
To gather the skirt;— daman chdk budani
dukhtar, The marriage of a daughter ; —
ddmani khuehk, Purity of manners, chas-
tity, piety (— ddmani pdk, and opp. to
ddmani tar, q.v. ; this is the interpreta-
tion of the Bahari 'ajam, whilst Burhiini
qati' has " want of probity and piety,"
probably a misreading of f" 5 for

e^«j A**e) ; — ddmani khwud ba-ddmani
kasi bastan (girih bastan), To join in a
work, to help each other ; — daman khwur-
dani shu'la, The fire blazes up by being
fanned with the skirt ; — ddmani khwur shed,
The fourth heaven ; the light of the sun ;
— ddmani khaima bald zadan, To lift the
tent-flap ; — daman dar pay uftddan, To be
disturbed and ran away ; — daman dar-
chidan, To draw in the skirt, (met.) to
relinquish ; — daman dar-rekhtan, To dis-
grace ;— ddmani dir' ehdk kardan, To pre-
pare for a ride ; — daman dar-kashidan, To
draw in the skirt, to turn away from, shun,
quit, avoid; — daman dar kamar kunjidan,
To tuck up the skirt; — daman dar miydn
kardan, To tuck up the garments, to pre-
pare to do anything ; — daman tiri pd IcasM-
dan, To spread one's skirt under another's
feet ; — ddmani shah, The second half of the
night; — daman ghikastan, To prepare for
work; — ddmani fuldn firdkfc (kushdda) ast,
(met.) Such a one excels by liberality ; —
ddmani kase giriftan, To prevent one from
going (by taking hold of his skirt) ;— dd-
mani koh, The skirt of a mountain; —daman
guehddan, To loosen the skirt; — daman
namdzl kardan, To clean the skirt from any
defilement ; — ddmani himmat bar miydn

500 )

Jo

bar-zadan, To undertake something difficult
or important ; — ba-daman refehtan (firo-
rekhtan, kardan), To place in the skirt.

^a>A} y^.lj ddman-ba-danddn, Humble;
a fugitive.

y-^o daman-bos, Kissing the skirt.

} y y*.U ddman-ddr, Wide (cloth) ;
skirted.

)V ddman-dirdss, Silly ; who acts

foolishly.

^ fi'))^ daman- dar -tiri pa, Troubled,
perplexed.

ddman-suwdr, A child playing
at riding on horseback.

ylsj y.^U ddman-fiohdn, Shunning, for-
saking (unsupported by examples).

y-U ddman-kashdn, Sweeping the
ground proudly ; withdrawing the skirt.

y~\o ddman-gir, Seizing the skirt,
i.e. attaching oneself to a patron ; suppli-
cating justice; silencing, quieting; a re-
fuser, denier.

,_s;e* y\o ddman-giri, Attachment,
friendship ; an applying for justice, arraign-
ment,

yUJ y»W ddman-nishdn, (met.) A der-
vish ; a poor man.

<*J--^ ddmana, A skirt, &c. (= y^J
q.v.) ; — ddmana'i zin, A saddle-flap, a stir*
rup-leather.

^y-*^ ddmani, As much as a skirt can
hold, a skirtful ; a woman's -veil or mantle ;
a scrap of the shroud kept by the relations
of the deceased ; a saddle-cloth, furniture,
housings ; an ornament worn ou the fore-
head.

ddmud, The forgiveness of a fault.
ddmwaz, A mattock or snow-shovel;
a kind of basket carried on the Bhouldevs
by a pole passed through two handles, for
removing dung.

tj-\-i ddmugh, Complaint, cry for help.
(j-^J ddmi, A. sportsman, hunter, fowter.
j^Ij ddm-ydr, A huntsman ; a fisher's
net.

a ddmiyat, A contusion or wound
on the head, in which the blood appears,
but does not flow.

yo*-U ddmidan, To fan, ventilate, win-
now (grain) ; to carry away (as wind the
dust) ; to mix boiling liquor that it may
not overflow ; to appear, become known ;
to be equal to a thing; to mount; to tear
up, to uproot.

yW dan, (for ddna) Grain ; (an affix
denoting) what holds or contains anything ;
(inipcr. of ddnistan) know thou; (in
comp.) knowing, intelligent.

Wo ddnd, Learned; a learned man; a
name of God ; — ddnd'i Iran, The wise man.
of Iran, i.e. Janiasb, the astrologei' ; —
ddnd'i rum. The wise man of Greece, i.e.
Plato ; — ddnd'i tus. An epithet of Firdauai
and of Kbwaja Nasir.

<j$^ J ddndtari, Superior wisdom.
JjUU dana-dil, Wise-hearted.
k J^o ddndq, The sixth part of a dram,
or two carats; also a small silver coin ; —
ddniq, Lean (a camel) ; abject, contemptible ;
foolish ; thievish, a thief.
yxJU^ ddndnidan, To inform.

dandy Sn (pi. of ddna), Men of

( 501 )

-jAUo ddnishumand, Wise, learned.

wisdom ;

sages.

wUUW ddndydna, Learnedly ; learned.
ijW»> ddna'i, Learning, knowledge, wis-
dom ; — ddnd'iyi zaid. The wisdom of Zaid,
i.e. of any wise-acre ; a commonplace, a
truism.

a danaj (for P. dana), Grain ; —
ddnaji abruwaj, Seeds of marsh-mallow ; —
danaji ivabj.r. Name of a bitter yellow Beed.

krU ddnja, ayW ddnzha, A lentil.

Jib diinad, It is possible; he is able.
ddnist, Knowledge ; opinion.

u^*— *W ddnistagi, Knowledge.

y 5 — ddnidan, To know; to be able to ;
to acknowledge ; to consider, to regard ; to
command, govern, fill a place.

te—^J ddnista, known ; having known ;
wittingly ; — ddnista shudan, To become
known.

yiJW ddnish, Science, knowledge, learn-
ing ; excellence ; — danishi dshkdr-blnishl,
Divine omniscience ; — ahli ddnish, A man
of letters, a learned man ; learned.

V ir*^ ddnish-drd. Knowledge-embel-
lishing ; adorned with knowledge.

(j4JU ddnish-afta, Knowledge-increas-
ing.

jp\ ddnisk-dmoz, Who teaches (or
learns) wisdom.

danish-bisech, Bent on acquir-
ing wisdom.

ft <JA\& danisk-bahr, Endowed with wis-
dom.

f.h (jiib danish-pazir, Fond of know-
ledge.

^—A o iJ ^ J ddnish -parast, yi»\>> ddnish-
parwar, Fostering science.

l >)> ddtiish-pizhuh, Seeking know-

ledge.

sL> yJJta ddnish-panah, Asylum of wis-
dom.

)f- <_M-> danith-iktvar. Fed on wisdom,
learned, wise.

ijij^j danish-sdr, Name of a book
written by the Pishdadian king Minuchihr ;
also —

iii yiiU ddnish-kada, A place where
wisdom abounds.

yWU ddnish-kotdh, Short-witted.

jVilta ddnishgar, ddnishmand.
Learned, skilful, scientific, wise, intelli-
gent.

^jAikii^j ddnishmandi, Wisdom, sense.
i»U yti\j ddnish-nama, Book of wisdom.
jfU)o ddniskwar, A learned man.
^jyiita ddnishwari, Wisdom, learning.

ddnishe, A learned or wise man ;
the wise, the learned,
sj*^ ddnaq, = J^o q.v.
»at>ta ddnak, A small grain ; — dank, *aS>?«s
ddnug, ddng, The fourth part of a dram ; a
sixth of anything ; — ddnuk, J dawug, A
particular kind of food sent by the parents
of an infant, upon the first appearance of
its teeth, round to the houses of their
friends and relations ; (in the dialect of
Deccan) the owner of large quadrupeds.

ii\Zi\>s ddngdna, A contribution made by
travellers or others for their common ex-
penses; necessaries, implements, house-
hold furniture ; ingredients.

dangu, A kind of grain; a kind of
pottage made of seven Borts of grain or
pulse (see ash 'dskiira [or ash 'ashur, as
should be added] under

^Sluilj ddnindagi, Knowledge,
a^if^j daninda, Knowing, wise ; he who
knows ; — ddninda'i ma'qiil, An original or
natural genius ; — ddninda'i manqid, A
copyist.

vj 5 ^" 4 danub. The river Danube (m.c.
from Fr. or E.).

J*f}-i ddnush, Name of the person who
sold 'Azra, the mistress of Wanu'k ; a kid-
napper,

dana, Grain ; a berry ; stone of fruit,
seed of grain or fruit; a pimple; grain or
bait scattered for catching birds ; a can-
non-ball ; knowledge, science, learning ;
learned ; — dana afshdndan (afgandan,
pdshidan, rekhtan), To scatter grain ; — dd-
na'i augur, A grape, grape-atone ; — dana
dwardan, To bring forth grain, to go to
seed ; — dana bar-chldan, To pick up grain ;
— dana bastan, To form the stone (as a
grape) ; — ddna bastan (dar) khoeha, To go
to seed ; — ddna'i dur, A single pearl ; —
ddna dar khdk kardan (nishastan), To
plant, to sow ; — ddna'i dil, The heart's
core ; original sin ; — ddna'i tabu, Seed of
the pine ; — ddna'i sir, A clove of garlic ; —
ddna'i 'amall, Artificial pearls ; — ddna kar-
dan, To scatter ; — ddna kashidan, To scatter
grain (for catching birds) ; — ddna'i wa-
bar, = ddnaj-wabar, q.v. under ; —
ddna'i Ml, A cardamum seed ; — sih ddna,
Three grains, three pieces.

j!j <uUi ddna-ddr, Granulated ; of a gra-
nulated appearance ; containing grain.

yU&ita ddnaddn, A garner ; sown land ;
a nursery-ground ; also —

&>\j u\a ddna-ddna, Scattered, dispersed ;
by grains ;~-ddna ddna shudan, To be scat-
tered piecemeal.

03 ddna-zan, A sort of juggler.

ddna-samur, u~«i u\ J ddna-kesh,
A kind of embroidered neck-cloth, worn in
cold weather over the cloak.

yUJ m\j ddna-fishdn, A sower of grains.

0 b ( 602 ) »jo

U\S u\<> ddna-gdna, Necessaries, furni-
ture, worldly goods.

A ddni, Approaching ; near, within
reach ; low, vile.

A JW^ ddniydl, Daniel.

ddnidan, To know ; to roll round,
to revolve (doubtful word).

Mj ddnim, svAj ddnixha, A lentil.

?>i ddv, A wheel ; a reel ; expense, dis-
bursement ; a stroke or move at play ; the
prize in archery ; a stratum of a wall ; a
mud wall; a claim ; pretention, arrogance ;
abuse ; increasing a stake at play, which
being restricted to eight times at two at a
time after the first, limits the ninth or
highest stake to seventeen ; — dav zadan
(kardan), To make a move (at play) ; —
dav ydftan, To come out nicely (a picture) ;
— ddv na-yaftan, To sit ill, to be motionless
(as a painting or embroidery).

a uyo ddwud, David.

a t^jta ddwudi, Name of a shrub which
bears a flower like a camomile ; a kind of
armour.

jp\<> ddwar (for dadwar), God ; a just
pnnce, governor, regent, ruler, judge, ad-
ministrator, or arbiter; remedy, medi-
cine ; an opponent, adversary ; name of a
country ; — dawari demdn, Lord of heaven,
God ; — dawari a'zatn, God, the Supreme
Judge ; — dawari daurdn, Monarch of the
world ; — sultdni ddwar, The reigning
prince.

gVpti* ddwar dan, A village near Wasit.
gU^j dawaristdn, A judgment-hall, a
tribunal.

.cu^** dawari, Empire, sovereignty, do-
minion ; administration of justice ; sen-
tence of a judge ; litigation ; quarrel, dis-
pute ; a complaint made before a judge ; —
dawari anddhhtan (ddthtan, kardan), To
judge, to exercise jurisdiction ; — dawari
kjiyrurdan, To submit to judgment, to
suffer punishment ; ■ — dawari giriftan., To
assume a jurisdiction.

ddwarl-Jchdna. A tribunal,
court of justice, judgment-hall-

tjyW ddwarl-gdh, A battle-field ; a
tribunal.

a ddwud, David.

a jjJjjW dawudi, David-like ; — duru'i
ddwudiya, Coats of mail such as were
manufactured by David.

^j^J ddvzdr, A constructor, builder (un-
supported by examples and doubtful).

ttyftjti* ddv-haxdr, = »o q.v. and of
which it appears to be a misreading.

a AijU ddwiya, Knights Templars.

a rtJ ddh, Ten ; base, ignoble, cowardly,
worthless, degenerate; a maid-servant;
any servant ; a depraved boy ; a forward,
immodest woman ; an old man; a beggar ;
service, attendance; — dahi hhdrdbdt, A
tavern beggar; — ddM 'arab, Living in

abject condition (proverbial) ; — ddhi fira-
thi, A kept mistress.

ddhd, Caverns, mountain hollows.

J*^ J ddhil, ddhul, A buck-Btall ; figures
set up at tho corners of fields to frighten
beasts into toils ; a scare-crow.

ddhim, A crown or diadem set with
gems ; a throne ; a royal pavilion.

Jj*U ddhul, ty*^ dahun, A diadem set
with gems ; = J*^ q.v.

a ddhi, Ingenious, penetrating ; sly,
cunning, shrewd; calamitous.

a AjaU ddhiyat, Danger ; accident, mis-
fortune, calamity.

(*«t>\>* ddhim, Plumaged diadem ; domi-
nion.

day, A stratum of a mud wall; the

foundation of a building.
t day. Maternal uncle.
< ja 4 J^\j ddydnidan, To cause to know,
a jfl>> da'ir, Who or what revolves ; who

or what forms a circle, or encircles ; round ;

— da'ir shudan, To depend upon, belong or

relate to ; — da'ir kardan, To transfer

(m.c).

A ijS\* dd'irat, A circle, circumference,
circuit, periphery, compass, orbit, cycle ; a
camp ; a tambourine ; a monastery ; — dd'i-
ra'i daur (daurdn, dir-pdy), The firma-
ment ; — dd'ira zadan, To draw a circle ; —
dd'ira sdihtan (kashidan), To draw a circle ;
to raise a subscription ; to make an assess-
ment; — dd'ira' i gird, The sun; — dd'ira' i
hindi, A sun-dial.

^jrtd da'ir achi, A player on the tam-
bourine.

ajU «jJ\j dd'ira-tdz, Circular; circula-
ting, revolving.

Jtt dd'ira-kath, A pair of com-

passes.

(jj^iU ddyagdn (pi, of ddya), Nurses.

l _ J SiW ddyagi, The office of nurse, nur-
sing ; — ddyagi kardan, To nurse ; to prac-
tice midwifery.

A dd'im, Permanent, perpetual, eter-
nal, perennial ; at rest ; stagnant (water).

a *UiU d&'iman, Continually, for ever.

a dd'imat (fern, of dd'im), Eternal.

a dd'imi, Perpetuity ; eternal.

a dd'imiyat, Eternity, perpetuity.

ddya, A nurse, foster-mother; a
midwife ; — daya'i shauhar-pisar, The earth.

(jjf a>\j ddyagari, Nursing; midwifery.

<r»»> dab, Charge, custody.

a dabb (v.n.), Creeping, crawling (as
a serpent) ; stealing upon (as wine), catch-
ing (as a disease), spreading (as rottenness
• in cloth) ; — dubb, A bear ; — dubbi asa&ar.
The Lesser Bear; — ■ dubbi akbar, The
Greater Bear.

A daba', A small locust ; an ant ; —
dabbd (dabd), dubbd (dubd), A gourd.

>rA»>> dahdb, dubdb, Name of a fragrant
plant.

( 503 )

a j^o dabdr, Destruction ; — dibdr, Part
of a sown field (see fy>>) ; — dubdr (dibdr),
Wednesday.

A dibdgh (v.n. of £o), Tanning ;
anything with which hides are tanned ; —
dabbdgk, A tanner, a currier.

a ifcW dibaghat (v.n. of Tanning.

a A^ilj ui^ilfj dibdg&at-yafta, Tanned; —
dibdif&at nd-ydfta, TJntanned.

a dabbdgh-Jchdna, A tannery,

barkery.

a j^j dibdq, Shoemakers' paste.

JW>> ddbdl, aIW-J dabdla, An orange.

a dubdl, Dung, manure.

a SjJ dabbat, A vessel made of raw skins
in the form of a jar or large bottle, in
which merchants carry butter and oil; a
sand-hill or heap ; level ground ; a gourd ;
— dubbat, A road, a way ; a way of conduct,
creed, faith ; state, condition.

s»W«> dabddb, Pomp, pride, state, dig-
nity ; fame, renown,

a A)A)j dabdaba, A great noise ; the noise
of a drum ; a drum ; pomp, state, magni-
ficence.

a j j dabr (v.n,), Passing through the
mark (an arrow) ; death ; — dabr, dibr, A
swarm of bees or hornets ; eggs of locusts ;
great riches; a rock or piece of ground in
the sea covered with water, but sometimes
dry ; [hamiyu 'd-dabr (dibr), Surname of
the Ansari 'Asim bin Sabit (whose dead
body hornets are said to have protected
from the idolaters until the Believers found
and buried him)] ;— dubr, The back, back-
side ; close, latter part of anything ; — dubru
'gh-shahr, End of the month ; — dubru 'l-lail,
Imt part of the night.

A oV 1 * dabardn, Name of the fourth
mansion of the moon, i.e. the Hyades or
five stars in Taurus, particularly the
brightest, commonly called Aldebaran, or
the Bull's Eye.

A £jj>> dabrat, One part of a sown field;
the end, latter part, close of anything j
flight, defeat, rout ; misfortune ; — dibrat,
The opposite to qiblat (see il*i) ; — dabarai,
A sore on a horse's back,

aijt-i dabara, Unripe corn cut for cattle.

^ dabz, Thick, coarse (as cloth).

a dabt, Anything black ; — dibs, A
multitude of men ; — dibi, dibit, Honey
made by bees or flowing from dates ; date-
Byrup seethed over the fire.

ylx~f j dab istdn (either contraction of
dabirisidn or abbreviation of adabistdn), A
school ;—ba-dabtitdn dadan. To send to
school.

^jXx^ti dabistdni, A pupil, a school- boy.
a iabsk (v.n.), ITnbarking, peeling.
a dabgh (v.n ), Tanning (a hide).
A (JH»> dibq, Bird-lime.
a JfJ dabl (v.n. of J».i), Dunging (land) ;
a brook, rill, small pond.

AljJ dubla, Sugared almonds.

(^}<> dibin, Bird-lime (probably misread*
ing for q-v.).

<^Si>J dabang, A pustulous, ill-shaped
man ; a healthy youth (doubtful meaning).

a dabub, A stab which causes the
blood to flow.

jl >>}»•> dubuddr, A kind of juniper-tree.

a ddbur, The west wind (which blows
generally towards night) ; — dubur (v.n. of
ji>±), Passing through the mark (an arrow) ;
coming behind ; commemorating a deed or
saying of a person after his death ; being
exposed to a westerly wind ; carrying off,
taking away.

a, <j*y J dabus, A club or iron-headed
mace used by cavalry ; a sceptre ; a place
in a boat or ship ; the cuddy ; name of a
fortress between Samarkand and Bokhara ;
name of the builder of this fortress; the
rabble, people of lowest extraction.

a dabus, Fine dates preserved in

butter.

ay" dabus-tir, An iron arrow with a
large round head.

«^-<ff J dabusah, Mallows.

4~j>J dabusa, A part of a ship, the cuddy.
dabuqa, A bagpipe.

,j3*j?J dabuM, The herb turnsole ; mal-
lows.

a JyJ dabill, (A woman) bereaved of
her son; calamity; — dubul (v.n. of J»>»),
Dunging (land) ; dressing, trimming; (pi.
of dabl) brooks ; small ponds.

<i daba, Rupture ; — dabba, dubba, A
leathern vessel (for wine) ; a phial ; —
dabba'i birinjin, A copper vessel ; an hour-
glass ; — dabba. dar p&'i fil and&khtan (dar
fori pa'i thutur afgandan), (met.) To flee
from the face of the foe without fighting ;
to stir up sedition ; — dabba'i 'uriya, A cer-
tain plant from whose root au electuary
is prepared; — dabba u zambil, (met.) Be-
hind and in front.

sAs. *}j ddba-khdya. Ruptured ; rupture
(doubtful) ; a man with large testicles.

s-yrf^ dabib, Anything made soft by beat-
ing.

a s-*}J dabib (v.n. of 4» J ). Crawling (as
a serpent) ; going slow ; stealing upon (as
a foe).

juij dabid, An electuary, medicine.

yj ddbir, dibir, A writer, secretary,
notary ; a writing-master; — dabiri sd'ibu 't-
tadbir, An excellent writer ; — dabiri falak
(anjum), The planet Mercury ; — dabiru 'l-
mulk, Secretary of State (m.c).

a yu dablr, A thread drawn out in spin-
ning.

^jU-^j dablristan, dibiristdn, A school
(for writing) ; a record office.

<j£*}j dabuh, Name of the governor of
Madayin ; an eruption from disease (doubt-
ful meaning).

4*

( 504 )

a o"** 0 dabiqi, dihiqi, Made at Dabiq
(staff).

J-)J dabil, Name of a city in Armenia.
dabila, dubila, dvbaila, A swelling
in the human body proceeding from some
other disease ;—dabila'i kabad, Abscess of
the liver.

dap, A drum with one skin,
dapdya, A school.
*4<a>J dapang, A firm-fleshed boy (see

dapucha, A leech, Wood- sucker.

A ciass, Slight rain j a contortion of
the body; a side; an opinion, a conjec-
tural report.

Xj^J disdr, An upper garment (opposed
to ghi'ar, which means an under garment).

a/J dasr, Copious, abundant ;—damr,
Filth, dirtiness.

A Jf ** dasur, Slothful, somnolent, slow,
obscure, nameless; — dusiir (v.n. of yj),
Being obliterated, effaced, worn out ; obli-
vion, forgetfulness.

duj, Anything in which syrup, new
wine, or dates is mixed, and which adheres
to the hands.

a daj, A wild bird (= A. dujj.
Quail P).

ifltJ dajdj, Fowl; a hen; a cock.

a i^W^ dajdjat, A hen.

a JWj dajjal, A large company of tra-
vellers; gold; false, lying; an impostor;
Antichrist.

a oW<> dijan (pi. of dajn), Clouded skies.

A dajd'ij (pi. of daj&jat), Hens.

a g>>> dujuj, Intense darkness.

jLf>-i dajar (v.n.), Being astonished;
astonishment, confusion ; — dajir, A kind
of pulse, or French bean.

A dajl (v.n.), Besmearing (a camel)
with pitch (against the scab); deceiving;
deception, fraud,

a dajla, dijla, The river Tigris,

a dajn (v.n.), Being dark, cloudy
(day) ; much rain.

Aj«- J dujuw (v.n. of yj-o), Being dark
(night).

a dujun (v.n. of Bcmaining
on the same place, staying.

a Jj»<J dujd, Darkness.

A ga^J dajlj (v.n. of g^), Walking slowly.
duchar, A sudden meeting of two
persons (seej^J).

A C J danh (v.n.), Concealing, burying.

x c^ Juk ' J dahdah, JUUs-o dahddhat, Short-
bodied; — abit 'd-dnhdah, Surname of a
Companion of Muhammad.

a /-J dahr (v.n.), Driving off; keeping
back; putting to a distance.

a dahs (v.n.), Promoting discord ;
introducing the hand between the skin and
the peritoneum of a sheep in order to get
the hide off ; tilling a vessel ; concealing ;
kicking.

A dak? (v.n.), Kicking (slaughtered
beeves) ; slipping, sliding ; setting of the
sun.

a iJ=-J dahq (v.n.), Driviug to a distance;
bringing forth ; casting forth, not holding
seed (the womb) ; the falling of the womb
after birth, causing- the death of the
mother.

_ a (*>*<} dahm (v.n.), Pushing away with
violence ; lying with.

a dahan (v.n.), Being big-bellied
and dwarfish ;—dahin, A dwarf with a pro-
minent belly ; a bad cucumber.

a y=s dahw (v.n.), Spreading abroad the
earth (God); having a large bally; throw-
ing the legs about in running (a horse).

a u*j=^ duhuz (v.n. of tA->>), Being
faulty or groundless (an argument).

a dthyat, A head, general leader;
name of a Companion of Muhammad, re-
nowned for beauty, whose form the angel
Gabriel is said to have assumed when ap-
pearing to the Prophet.

A (3*=-> dahiq, Driven to a distance; far,
remote.

£J dajch,, Good, well ; the choicest and
purest part of anything; a throng, troop,
order; — dukh (for dukhtar), A daughter;
a reed of which mR,ts are woven, or on
which melons are hung; a falling star; a
rocket.

a dakhkh, dukJM, Smoke.

a JUj dikhdl. Mind, intention; bringiug
a camel which has just drunk back to the
well between the others to make him drink
again.

a J^o dakMMtl, One who enters, inter-
feres, or meddles much in business, a
meddler, busybody.

a <3^J dukhdn, dukhkhdn, Smoke ; to-
bacco or its fumes ; — dukhdn az khdk bar-
dwardan, To set fire to the land ; to strike
fire from the ground (as the hoofs of
horses) ; — dukhdn shikastan az db, To pro-
duce steam from the water.

a yUy (jUj dukhdn, - noehdn, Tobacco-
smokers.

a ^s^-J dukhdni, Smoky, smoke-coloured.
dukht, A daughter ; a virgin ; abi-
lity, strength; contempt and hatred; —
dukkt kardan, To detest ; — dukjit-andar, A
sister uterine.

yw-J dukhtar (S. duMtri), A daughter ; a
girl ; a virgin ; power, strength ; — diikhtari
dftdb (Mum), Eed wine ; — dukMari pah-
akhtar (psMza-jauhar), Daughter of a
happy planet, i.e. a lady of family, a noble-
man's daughter ; — dukhtaritdk (raz),Wine ;
a grape ; a grape- stone; — diikhtari rozgdr,
Worldly vicissitudes ; — duhMari silfi, A
finch ; a wag- tail (in the dialect of Trans-
oxiana; elsewhere the bird is called taran-
dak; hence under «*!■»>/ the rendering
should be "small bird" for " beast "; =

icf- 0

( 505

bo

A. ip.* q.v.) ; — dukhtari 'imrdn, Name of
the mother of Jesus (a confounding of
Miriam, the daughter of Amram and sister
of Moses, with, the Virgin Mary) ; — dukh-
tari (dukjitardni) na'sh, The constellation
of the Bear ; — dukhtari na'sh-rd kunad
parwln, (met.) He collects what is dispersed
(the stars of the Bear being scattered
about, while the Pleiades form a cluster) ;
— dukhtari ham-sdya mi-tarsam, hi a.z rdh-am
barad, I apprehend injury from a neigh-
bour (proverb).

8jl»j«Lj dukjitar-bdra, A daughter's lover.

n^f^j dukhtarcha, A little girl ; a girl
under age, not yet marriageable.

iiU-ya-o dukhtar-khdria, A brothel.

dukhtar-my, A woman that only
bears daughters.

yuii-j dukhtar-zan, A daughter-in-law.

lilya-j dukhtaralc, A little girl ; an orphan,
or girl educated by others than her parents ;
a lathe for turning boxes.

0 S^ia.j dukhtaragl, Virginity.

jjjpSij dukhtarandar, A step- daughter
(daughter of a husband from another wife,
or of a wife from a previous husband),

dukhtaru, dukhtarv (dim.), A little
girl (comp ;r ~»).

Sjalo dukhtara. Virginity ; a seal.

dukhtari, Maidenhead, virginity ;
a seal ; a grandson by the mother, the son
of a daughter ; — dukhtari burdan (sitadan),
To deflower.

4A^si.o dukhiarlna, A young girl of mar-
riageable age.

dukht-zdy, Bearing only girls.

yja-j dukhtan, To sew ; to gain ; to
milk.

dukhtandar, A step-daughter (see

jiSjAij),

di^xi-j dukhtina, A young girl of a mar-
riageable age.

jU^ao dukh-chakdd. Bald-headed ; up-
right, honest (see

^.li-j dukhddr, Soiled (a white garment).

a slAto dakjidar (from P. takht-ddr), A

with which they
the old kings of

cloth (white or black)
covered the throne of
Persia.

£o c J dakh-dakh, In crowds, in troops
(see t^)-

a ^tJ dukhr (dakhr?), Littleness, vileneas,
pitifulness.

u-s-j dukhs, = q.v., and of which it
is a shortening.

a <_r<s.J dakhas (v.n.), Having a swelling
about the root of the hoof; — dv.kh.as, A
porpoise ; a dolphin (said to carry people
in danger of being drowned to the shore).

,wi.j dukhsar, A bald head ; bald-
headed.

ytij dakhsh. The commencement (of any
business) ; commerce ; gloomy, dark.
a J*-J dakhl (v.n.), Entering; intrusion,

interference ; return, profit, advantage j in-
come ; [dakhl hardan, To take possession of ;
— dakhl-u-dast-dirazl kardan, To enter and
seize by violence ; — dakM-u-kharch, Receipt
and disbursement ; — dakhl-u-qab^a, Entry
and possession ;] — dakhal (v.n.), Labouring
under any intrinsic defect (mind, body, or
estate) ; fraud, trick ; clustering trees ;
people who claim relationship with those
to whom they do not belong.

° J 4 "* dakhl-ddr, One who has admis-
sion to ; a partner ; an accomplice.

a JiJ dakhl-ddn, A money-till.

a i»U Jtj dakhl-nama, A document
giving the right of occupancy ; a writ or
warrant of entrance or possession.

a ^jli-J dakMi, Admission, entrance ; —
dakhll ddshtan, To interfere or be inter-
fered with ; to have connection with
(mui.cc).

a o*^ J*-** dakhl-ydbi. Obtaining entrance
or admission ; taking possession.

dakhm, A tomb, &c. (see i»*-o).

(j-Uio dakhmds, Name of a weight.

4*4. j dakhma. A circular stone building
in the form of a cylinder, on the flat sur-
face of which the fire-worshippers lay the
bodies of their dead ; a tomb ; a coffin ;
a mausoleum (m.c.) ; a substance resem-
bling lights, which protrudes from the
mouth of a male camel when stung with
desire ; — dakhma' 'i zinddniydn (firona), The
sky, heaven.

a (j^j-j dakhn (v.n.), Smoking, sending
forth smoke ; — dukhn, Millet ; — dakhan
(v.n.), Being smoky, smoke ; hatred,
grudge ; malignity of temper ; the glitter-
ing of a sword ; deterioration of mind, faith
or repute.

a dukhnat, dukjina (v.n. of y^**),
Being smoky, tending to black ; perfume,
incense ; — dukh.ua kardan, To fumigate.

a W iia-a dukhna-ja, A censer.

Ajy»> dukhur (v.n. of j*-«>) r Littleness,
vileness, pitifulness.

a Jy 5 " 1 dakhul, Name of a place ; — dukjiul
(v.n. of J^-->), Entering.

a dakhil, Interior, inner ; intimate,
familiar, confident ; an intermeddler ; an
intruder ; a proselyte ; a foreign word
adopted into Arabic ; the letter following
the alif of ta'sis in a rhyme (see <_r~~.^).

a J*"S-»> daktel-kdr, In possession, an
occupant; admitted; having a right to
interfere.

a dakhU-kdri, Possession, occu-

pancy.

dad, A rapacious animal, a beast of
prey; a forest abounding in game ; — dad-
u-ddm, Wild and tame beasts, animals of
all kinds (see f\j).

a dadd, A portion of time.

ta-i dadd, Play.

a yUj daddn, Poor ; useless, unprofit-

( 506 )

able ; blunt, and by opposition, sharp (a
sword).

a qoj dadan, Play; a ludicrous thing;
dice.

tslUjj dadndk, Full of wild beasts.

jjjJjj dadambur, Balm-mint (Melissa).

«oj dada, A beast of prey (see >>>>).

t aoo dada, A grandfather ; a title given
to dervishes, especially qalandars ; a nurse
who brings up children (see \j>\S).

_)J dar (preposition), In, into, within,
among ; on, upon, above ; of, concerning,
about; by, for; because of; near, hard by,
at ; to, as far as, according to ; before, in
presence of ; against ; with ; under ; at
length ; after ; so much ; out, out of doors ;
[dar dn-jd, There, in that place ; — dar an
chi, In that which ; — dar-dmadan, To come
in, enter (for phraBes see j»>) ; — dar
awardan, To bring in (see )S) ; — dar
an roz, Upon that day ; — dar In miydn, In
the meantime, during this interval; — dar
band-ash mstam, I do not care (m.c.) ; —
dar taraqqX, On the increase, in the ascen-
dant ; — dar duyum, In the second place ; —
chahar farsaJch dar chahar farsakh, Pour
leagues by fourleagues; four leaguessquare;
— hafi dar haft, Seven by seven; forty-
nine;] — dar (noun, Z. dvara, S. dvara), A
door, gate, passage, door-way or gate-way ;
a chapter (of the Zand) ; a subject, topic ;
way, manner, method ; genus, sort, kind ;
turn, step, degree ; a kind of wild bird ; a
gnat ; a blackberry ; a valley ; a mountain -
pass ; the foot, also summit, of a mountain ;
[dari daman, The milky way ; — dari dsman
ban kardan, To open the door of heaven
(said of the angels, and implying that the
time has come when prayers are heard or
granted) ;— dar bdz kardan, To open tbe
door; — dar ba-dar, From door to door; —
dar bar (ba-ru'i) kase bastan, To deny ad-
mittance, to exclude ; — dar ba-zanjir kar-
dan, To close the door with a chain ; — dar
bastan (basta kardan) , To shut the door;
— dar ba-gil (ba-khisht, &c.) andd'idan
(bar-dwardan, bar-basian, zadan, giriftan),
To obstruct the door with clay, &e. ;—dar
poshldan, To close the door (especially
by a curtain) ; — dari rdhat bar khwud
bastan, (met.) To renounce all rest and
comfort; — dar zadan, To knock at the
door, either to have it opened for one-
self, or that the master of the house may
come out ; — dar safed hard, He chalked
his door, i.e. he was honoured by a noble
visitor (according to a Persian custom ob-
served by a poor man when he is visited by
a grandee) ; — dar-ash girifta ast, His door
is closed ; — dar shikastan, To break the
door open; — dar fir dz kardan (firo burdan,
flro kardan) , To close the door ; — dar
kwshddan (gushddan), To open the door; —
dar koftan, To knock at the door ; — dar wd

kardan, To open the door ; — ax dar, Of the
degree or rank, i.e. worthy of; for instance,
az dari t&ji zar, Worthy of the golden
crown (Firdausi) ;] — dar (imperative of
daridan), Tear thou; (in composition)
tearing, as parda-dar, Veil-tearing, dis-
honouring ; — dur, A pearl, pearls (see the
following article).

a j«j darr (v.n.), Emitting milk copiously
(a camel), or lain (the sky) ; a rich flow of
milk, rain, &c. ; plenty, abundance; gain;
excellence, whence the phrase it 'l-ldhi
darru-hu, How richly has God endowed
him ! Praise to God for bestowing upon
him such gifts ; — durr (in P. mostly dur),
A pearl ; (pi. of durrat) pearls.

a "j J dar' (v.n.), Driving away; repel-
ling.

dard, A bell ; a smith's hammer ;
pendent ; necessary ; (for dara) the high-
way ; — dar-d, Enter (imp. of dar-dmadan) ;
— darrd, A blackberry (unsupported).

yjU»\ ^ dar db nftddan, To sink in
the water ; to be annihilated.

^ dar db anddkhtan, *A y>
yJ*lj dar db rekhtan, To immerse ; to anni-
hilate.

yjj (jijy jM. ^ jj dar dbi kMzr dtish
zadan, To destroy or quit the water of life
(the latter taken in various meanings given
for dbi hay at under s^).

y^A jlji ^ dar db furo shudan, To sink
in the water ; to be annihilated, lost.

yjuSj) (jii'Tj j j J dar db u dtish afgan-
dan. To overwhelm with afflictions of all
kinds (the passive being expressed bj
budan for afgandan).

a darabinat (pi. of P. darbdn),

Porters, doorkeepers.

a uutjJ durrat (pi. of durrat), Pearls.

A eV darrdj, A whisperer, who nialig.
nantly reports what he hears ; — durrdj,
The francolin, a kind of partridge ; uatue
of a place.

a <V\>-i darrdjat, A three-legged machine
moving on wheels, by which children are
taught to walk, a child's go-cart; — durrd-
jat, One partridge.

a lilUg^j durrdjndk, A country abounding
in pheasants or red-legaed partridges.

a durrdja, A long upper garment or
cloak, worn in Persia when they go abroad
(doubtful, perhaps misreading for u^Wy or

*+V qq- v 0-

ij^j \)j darrd-dozd, Tearing and sowing,
shutting and opening, undoing and repair-
ing, &c. ; (met.) taught by experience,
able to make good an error, which one may
have committed ; skilful, clever, inge-
nious.

dardra, A contented cuckold, a

pimp.

dardz, dirdz (Z. daregha, S. dlrgha),
Long ; stupid, stolid ; — dardz bad, May it

bo

( 507 )

1,0

long continue ! — dar at kardan, To lengthen ;
to extend, prolong ; to delay ; — dardx kashi-
dan, To extend, prolong.
dardza, Length.

^^jV dardz-dhang, Preparing for a
long spring (a lion) ; tedious (winding-up
of a business).

iiU. jljj dariz - khdna, Long-bodied
(horse).

ytji. dardz-khwdn, A table-cloth,
napkin.

*a~»J j^J dardz-dast, With long hands or
arms ; rapacious, oppressive ; — ardshiri
dardz-dast, Artaxerxes Longimanus.

J*-"* j\)>* dardz-dastti, Oppression, extor-
tion ; — dardz-dasll kardan, To exercise vio-
lence ; to plunder, rob.

j»>> j\>>> dardz-dum, A dog ; ape ; scorpion ;
(in the dialect of Khorasan) an ox.

JW>>> dardz-dunibdl, Ox ; cow ; buffalo.

d J> jV* dardz-rud, A river in Turkis-
tan.

Lrij jV dardz-rlsh, Long-bearded.
U^j j\j<J dardz-zaban (long-tongued),
Fluent; clamorous, brawling.

■J^') )V dardz-zabdni, Length of tongue,
fluency ; clamour, brawl.

jV dardz-sufra, A table-cloth.
jUj dardz-shudagl, Prolongation,
j*^*** daraz-sAamsMr, Able swords-
man.

a r fcC 3^° dardz-'mnr, Long-lived,
a jijj dardz-qad, Tall, of a high sta-
ture.

j\j«> daraai-kar, One who attempts
things too great for him ; an empty
boaster, braggart.

t) J /;V dardz-gardan, Long-necked (a
horse).

vAyfjV dardz-gosh, An ass; a hare.

darcu-jjesu, With long fore-locks

(a ho/se).

^j^k> dardz-nd, Length ; oblong.

a J~AJ dardz-na/as, Long-winded,

prolix.

a iS ~a dardz-nafaei, Being long-

winded, prolixity.

*;\>>> dardza, Long ; a long thread.

J darazi, Length; — dardii'i bazu
(datt), Superiority, upper hand ; — darazi'i
daman, Length of skirt or trail ; — darazi'i
'umr, Length of life.

iiij^J dardzina, Lengthwise.

a dirdsat, Studying, reading ; in-

struction, lecture, lesson.

(jjjbiJ dar-istddan, To begin, to attack.

yjjj ifs*-^ ^ dar dstin budan, To be
ready or prepared.

^iiiU t^-^ j-i dar dstin ddshian, To
have in readiness or prepared.

yjjf dar dstin kardan, To use

one's own discretion, to feel one's own
power.

pA^darataj, Ivy, bindweed.

cy-^ dardcun, A somewhat bitter beve-
rage prepared from rice (see uj-V°)'

a ic\j>> durrd'at, An upper garment for
men or women, of cotton or coarse wool ; a
soldier's cloak ; a cuirass, corslet.

\J>^\ jJ dar-dgjiosh, Embrace ; — dar
dgipsh kardan, To embrace.

(fcJ^y) ft)* 1 **^ U^j^ j J <J<M" dpiosh kathi-
dan (giriftan), To embrace.

v* 1 ** 1 ! j«> dar a/fai> kardan, To expose
to the sun (as a torture or punishment) .

yoUi\ jj dar-ufiddan, To fall on ;
quarrel.

a ^0 <2wr-a/«A-dn, Pearl-scattering ;
eloquent.

(^»\j>j durrdqin, A delicious white peach,
o (jJo^i^j dardqitut, The plant elephant's
ear.

A ^\>-> dirafe (v.n. 3 of ^j^), Following
one another.

a «s!\)J darrdk, Intelligent, penetrating.

a jj dar alasi, On the day of alast
(see from eternity.

^ jj dar-dmad, entrance ; income ; —
dar-dmad bar-dmad, Ingress and egress;
receipt and disbursement, incomings and
outgoings.

j>> dar-dmadagi, A turning in-
wards.

j>i dar-dmadan aiidar-
dmadan), To come in, enter ; to happen, to
arrive ; to fall on the face ; — az pay (pay)
dar dmadan, To trip, to fall; (met.) to
become weak or powerless, to die ; — az jay
dar-dmadan, To be put out, to be moved
(with fear, &c.) ; — az khwdb dar-dmadan,
To awake ; — az dar dar-dmadan. To enter
the door ; — az dasht andar-dmadan, To
come from the desert, the plain, the fields ;
— az zabdn dar-dmadan, To commit a slip
of the tongue ; — ba-pdy andar-dmadan, To
trip, to fall ; — ba ear dar-dmadan, To fall
on the head, to fall prostrate.

0 *-*i£rt* , 't j J dar-dmekjiiagi, Mixture, con-
fusion.

A dar-dme%htan. To associate.
O'j/jWiijJ dar ambdr kardan, To store
up.

Wm y* dar an jd, In that place.

a^f dar dnchi, In that which.

(jfXiU^ dar-anddkhtan, To throw in.
dar-anddzi, Malice, enmity.

<j^~^ t>sfc~> j>> dar an sukhun att, This
must be looked into, this requires conside-
ration.

ueii\^ daranak, taXJ^J dardnag, Name of
a sea said to be the abode of angels.

^^jjTj <jt«A£rt dar angusht dviardan, To
reckon, count, calculate.

t^jSi\ dar anguiht budan, To be
in the grip of the fingers.

j ^ aj^jO (fcm-ajta-w-dozawi, By tearing
and sowing, &c. (see ^^j J , of which it is
the adverbial form, sometimes used sub-

1>J ( 508 ) ^

stantively, as the adverb in the English
" gently does it ").

^ljJ durrdni, Name of a tribe of
Pathans, said to have got this name by
wearing pearls in the ear, and also called
Abdalis.

yj^j^j dardnidan, To tear, or cause to
tear.

t)>>yf }•* dar-dwardan, To introduce, bring
in ; — barg dar dward-an. To put forth leaf ;
— ba band (ba-band.) dar-dwardan, To
fetter ; — sarba-gurz dar-dwardan, To bran-
dish the battle-axe over one's head.

fc>*=""^ j J dar-dwekhtan, To suspend, hang ;
to provoke, or be provoked ; to contend
(in words or blows).

\y>> )\j>* darrd-u-dozd, = q.v.).

a yiJ^J dardwish (pi. of darwesh), Der-
vishes.

a da.rdhim (pi. of dirham),

dirwhim (pi. of dirham), Dirhems.

<J\j>± dardy (for dar-dy, imp. of dar-dvia-
dan), Come in ; coming in ; entering ; (imp.
of dard'idan) speak thou ; commencing a
discourse ; the beginning or exordium of
an oration ; conversation ; (for dard) a
blacksmith's hammer; a be!!.

a Lr-i^J dirdyat (v.n. of <j,j>>), Knowing;
knowledge, science.

dardyish, An impression.

tAii\ dar-dyanda (pres. part, of dar-
dmadan), Entering; who enters ;~dardy-
anda (pres. part, of dard'idan), A speaker,
talker.

yXsfljj dard'idan, To speak, call aloud;
utter ; — harza (hazaydn) dard'idan, To
prate, rave, dote, talk nonsense.

C).w>> !jj> i~o.t jJ dar dylna naqshi

pari dldan, To look at wine in a crystal
goblet; to view the face of the cupbearer
in a mirror.

A sjj- 5 darb, A difficult pass through
mountains ; a street, lane, alley ; way, cus-
tom, manner ; a large gate.

darbd, Need, necessity ,- necessary ;
suspended head downwards.

y^-W dar-bdkhtan, To play ; to buy
and sell ; to give away ; to lend.

jU^j darbdr, A house, dwelling; a court,
area ; the court or levee of a prince ; an
audience chamber.

ey-j^jj darbdr-kharch, A kind of extra
tax levied by Zamindars in some parts of
the Northern Circars of India.

i^sS) yUij^ dar buri kamdn raftan, To
draw a bow.

dar bdra, In behalf, respecting.

^j^! dar bare, Once, at one time, or
turn; — darbdri, A courtier, an attendant
at a darbdr.

qj& dar bdqi shudan, To be com-

plete, to leave no residue.

yj.^ ,_5>^ ;J dar bdql kardan, To complete,
to quit.

darbdn, A porter, warder ; — darbdni
falak. Porter of the firmament, i.e. the sun
the moon.

darbdni, The office of porter ; —
darbdni namudan. To act as porter or
warder.

ts^ jo dar-bay, Necessity ; necessary ;
suitableness, propriety.

■*>S\ dar-bdyad, Requisite.

<-=-—- ;>j dar-bdyist, It behoveth, it is
meet; meet, suitable, becoming; necessity;
necessary ; mode, manner ; suspended
head downwards (unsupported by exam-
ples).

y-^-i^ dar-bdyistan, To be meet, right,
requisite.

a <S>jv> durbat (v.n. of sj^), Being accus-
tomed, used to ; intrepidity (in war or
action).

*=-. j>> dar-bacha, A small door within
a larger one.

j-**. j-* dar ba-dar, From door to door ;
door by door ; — dar-ba-dar, A beggar, va,-
grant, with no fixed residence ; adjacent.

(jj^o ^m. dar bada.n ddshtan. To be
clad in.

jt j J dar bar, Above ; on or in the breast;
— dar bar afgandan (anddkhtan) , To put ou
(a garment, &c.) ; — dar bar kardan (kashi-
dan, giriftan), To don, to put on ; to em-
brace.

j?V j>> dar bar-d-bar, Breast to breast,
even.

cjjy jo dar-burdan, To bring, carry in,
insert.

i^);^ darbazin, A parapet ; a lattice
screen.

a ^L^jj darbasdk, A fort near Antioch.
ij J darbast, = q.v.
jo dar-bastan, To tie, to bind; —
nmid dar-bastan ba, To put one's hope in;
— nutq dar-bastan, To become silent.

*^~> _)-> dar-basta, Bound, tied, fastened;
mute, dumb, silent ; a bar, bolt ; full, com-
plete ; a stutterer, stammerer ; — jannati
dar-basta, The whole of Paradise.

dar-band, The bar of a door ; a
barrier ; a narrow and difficult pass through
mountains ; a road dangerous on account
of banditti ; name of a fortress on the Cas-
pian Sea at the foot of Mount Caucasus ;
an arm of the sea ; a place where there is
good wine ; a ferryman ; bound, fettered ;
a captive ; — dar band kardan, To bind,
make prisoner ; to shut the door.

^ ..v^j darband-pdy, The gout {uDsup-
ported by examples).

a t>trf ;J dar bain, During, meanwhile
(m.c).

darba, and —
^3>jJ darbi, A bit, fragment, rag (see <fy.J
and (j?.) -1 )-

y-^&l ^ j-i dar pay afgandan, To let
alone, to leave free or vacant.

( 509 )

J*j iar pa'i pll anddkhtan,

To throw before the elephants (a form of
capital punishment) ; to inflict pain or
injury.

y**»» yti ,_5»Vj jj dar pa'i charagh ka-
mar bastan, To gird oneself at the foot of
the lamp (a form, amongst the Kalandars,
of admitting a member into their frater-
nity, which is done at the tomb of one of
their chiefs).
_ (i'M j J <j\> j J dar pay dar amadan, To
sink (under afflictions).

4J X J J dor parda, Behind the curtain,
within the veil ; uurevealed, hidden ; [dar
parda dashtan. To conceal; to deny ;] — dar-
parda, A curtain.

}•> dar-paresh, A beggar, vagrant ; a
long-necked vessel ; gugglet ; a cup, gob-
let; a burnt brick.

}^ dar pas, Behind, after ; — dar pasi
*anu nishastan, To watch ; to think.

t! J y ( j' 4i W ) _>•> dar pagt u balandi

budan, To be up-hill and down-dale (m.c).
dirapsh (for dirafsh), An awl, bod.

kin.

dar pashm leashldan, To

yA~i£

hide.

duce.
0*$ U*

"fi dor P 0l <t ufhldan, To tra-

fc>o^~^j dar postln uftadan, ^
•ft dar postln budan, To traduce.
yi*£i\ y-y-~j> darpostin afgandan, and —
O^j y**"ji j J dar postlni hase raftan,
= the preceding.

darpa, A patch, fragment, bit; —
darpih, Forgiveness, connivance ; invisible,
vanished.

oJj* 5 dar pay, Behind, in the rear; ne-
cesaarv ; — darpi, A patch on a garment ; —
darpi paziruftan, To be patched, to admit a
patch ; — darpi nihddan, To put on a patch.

&>} j-i dar pech, A screen or partition
within the outer door of a house (to pre-
vent further entrance).

fcA<5*{ j J dar-pechdn, Intricate, perplexed.

t) -S *«*i,) J dar-pechldan, To fold, involve.

yj^>» y^s^^o dar pirdhan nct-biidan, ) J
yj^iKi y^^i dar pirdhan na-gunjldan, To
have no room in a place, not to be held
by it.

u~>> j-J dar pesh, Before, in front, near ;
dar pesh amadan, To come before, oppose,
obstruct, confront ; — dar pesh budan, To be
ready or prepared; — dar pesh giriftan, To
take before ; to admit, suffer (see also

lAh).

tx>J Z oij J dar pay hunanda, A follower.
tVsjjJ darpen, A patch on a garment ; bit,
rag.

'■'W 5 darpi -nihdda, Patched (gar-

ment).

y^-jH dar-paiwatttan, To join, to
unite.

a darral, A flow of milk j a flood of

rain ; a scourge or whip of thongs ; — durrat,
A large pearl.

E^) J dartdj, The herb turnsole.

a ut-^' ;J dar faAi, Under, beneath.

t^xi/" j>, A* ;0 cfar fla/n,' jjar giriftan, To warm
or keep warm (as a bird its chicks under
the wing).

(yji-iS) y^ dilr lira budan (gash-

tan ), To be sorrowful, to grieve.

Sj^ darj, A manuscript illuminated with
figures; a closet, a place for writing- _

A darj (v.n.), Enveloping a thing in
another; a volume, a roll; [darji dihqan,
Historical records ; history : words re-
garded, or otherwise; — darj hardan, To
fold; to pass by; to collect, comprehend,
contain, preserve ;] — durj, A casket in
which they deposit gems or trinkets; an
open case for a woman's spindle ; [durji
tang (dur), The mouth of a mistress ; —
durji guhar kuskitdan ((jushudan). To speak
well, to relate something pleasing ;] — daraj,
a mediator; a liook in which they write ; a
way, a path ; (pi. of darajat) steps, stairs ;
rounds of ladders; — duraj (pi. of durj at),
Clouts.

X ea^jj darajat (pi. of darajat), Steps,
ladders, stairs for ascending.

yj* jjis ^Ij. dar jay band shudan, To
settle in a place, to fix one's domicile in it.

A A*-j*> durjat, darajat, durajal, The step
of a stair, round of a ladder.

•AS^o durjltad, A jewel-casket (doubt-
ful).

ydj? dar jigar budan, To be

afflicted.

a <^«^- j<> dar jambain, On both sides
(m.c).

(<^j) t3 J ^ JV*- J J dar jnwdl budan (raf-
tan), To be deceived (see also Jtj»).

y^ jy^ ; j darjutoal hardan, To cheat.

yjj.SCi\ sU y rfar eftdfr afgandan, To sup-
press the knowledge or remembrance of a
thing.

q&iM j j dar chashmi khwud na-

didan, To Vie unable to do a thing.

;J durchlcdr, = j^^j q.v. (doubtful) .

^j-J *&. dar chi tiri, What is your rank
or office ?

a JVs- <2ar A<?Z, On the spot, at the in-
stant.

a (yJuAT) y-J-y^ &1U=* jj rfar hibtila avuardan
(kashidan), To marry.

a yJi-«i ^.L-a-jj darhikah amadan, To be-
come wealthy.

<rjt yjy _)J rfa^ Awrti budan a!!, To

be solicitous for, to take care of.

a v > ^— »■ _)•> dar Ai'sai) giriftan, To
sum up, calculate ; to call to account,
blame, reprove.

ayyte- jo dar kiuilr,Ii\ the presence, ready.

a, )\ ,30- _)-s (Zar Aaogri o, With regard to, in
respect of him, her, or it.

a u-a*S*.jJ (Zar haqlqat, In truth, in reality.

( 510 )

Jjj

a £)>Jy y6e»- dar hai? biidan, (met.) To
be impure, to abstain from prayer (like a
rnenstruous woman).

t)^ dirakh (for dirakhf), A tree ; a beam.

^jjwU. jj dar-kjidstan, To erect ; to put ;
to place.

(yiiUJ) gjjS' jj dar khdk hardan (ni-
shdndan), To bury; to make little or
naught of.

^aa&I yyt j cs)U. jj dar khak-u-lthmi
afgandan, To slay.

JLi;J darkhdl, A sucker, a young tree.

<wU- dar-khdna, A royal palace, a
court.

dirakht, A tree, plant, bush, or
shrub ; a beam ; a column ; a mast ; a gib-
bet ; — dirakhti dzdd, The Siberian elm ; — •
dirakhti abrisham, Silk-tree ; — dirakhti
izkll (izgil), Medlar-tree; — dirakjiti anar,
Pomegranate-tree; — dirakhti anjir, The
fig-tree; — dirakhti amqur, A vine; — dirakhti
b&ddm, An almoncl-tree ; — dirakhti bah an,
The balm-tree ;— dirakhti bih (bihi), The
quince-tree ; — dirakhti pista, The pistachio-
tree ; — dirakhti tdbrizi, White poplar ; —
dirakhti tuti safid, White mulberry-tree ; —
dirakhti chandr, Plane-tree ; — dirakhti cha-
hdr bekh, The world ; — dirakhti khdna, A
joist, beam, rafter ; — dirakhti khurmti, A
palm-tree; — dirakhti kharnub, The carob-
tree ; — dirakhti khitmi, Hibiscus Syriacus ;
dirakhti zard-dlu, The apricot-tree ; — di-
rakhti zaitun, Tlie olive-tree ; — dirakhti
sidr, The lote-tree; — dirakhti surkh-ddr,
The yew-tree ; — dirakhti sib, An apple-tree ;

— dirakhti shafkihl, The peach-tree ; —
dirakhti samat (samad ?), TJIraua peduncn-
lata ; — dirakhti 'unndb, The jujube tree ; —
dirakhti gAdr, The bay -tree, laurel-tree ; —
dirakhti funduq (finduq), The hazel-nut-
tree ; — dirakhti qahwa, The coffee-tree ; —
dirakhti kdj, The pine-tree ; — dirakhti
kundr, The Iote-tree ; — dirakhti girdu, A
walnut-tree ; — dirakhti gazi 'alafi, The Ba-
lonia or priokly-cupped oak-tree ; — dirakhti
guldU, The pear-tree; — dirakhti mar-yam,
A palm-tree ; — dirakhti meva (mtwa), A
fruit-tree (ra.c.) ;— dirakhti narjil, The
cocoanut-tree ; — dirakhti ndrwan (nar-
wand), The common elm-tree ; — dirakhti
waqwaq, A certain tree whose fruit is said
to resemble the human head ; — dirakhti
hulu, The peach-tree.

y^-jJ dirakhtdn, Trees; abounding in
trees.

^_ oa-jj dirakjtt-sabz, A green kind of
teredo (unsupported by examples).

(jjLt^i-jj dirakhtiddn, Planted with trees.

<— dirakht-sumb , ei^i^j <£{-

rakht-suviba, An auger, wimble; a wood-
worm; a woodpecker; a bird's beak.

dirakhtak, A dwarf tree, a shrub ;

— dirakMaki ddnd (the knowing tree),
Name of a tree which turns with the sun ;

according to others the tree waqwaq (q.v.
under ^^-)^).
} \i d-i-jo dirakh.t-klv, Tree-uprooting.

dirakhtwlk, Full of trees, woody.
dirakhtna-sumba, A wood-
pecker, &c. (= s~a~"»«a-}.» q.v.).
(U^jis dirakhtina-sabz, =

q.v.

dar-kkastan, To impress, mars,
or stamp; to pierce, transfix.

<J^-)A (larakhsh, Lightning ; — darukhsh,
Worthy, suitable ; desire ; — durukhdi,
Lightning ; flash, glitter ; flashing ; name
of a fire-temple in Kurdistan, and of a
town in KohistAn ; — durukhsh, durakhth,
Splendour, light, gleam.

yliijo durukhshdn, Shining, flashing.

yA <1 i l iAi._ ) j durukhshdnldan, To make to
gleam, glitter, or flash.

durakhshish, Shining; bright-
ness, splendour.

^Xt?. yi.-ii.jj durakfeshish-jdy, The East.

^jiii-jj durukjishandagl, Lustre.

BAj-ii.jj durukhshanda, Shiniug, resplen-
dent.

^■Ai-jj durakhthl. Sun-rise.

o durukh,shidan, To shine, to flash,

a (jJA 1.4. dar khat shudan, To alter; to
be afflicted ; to become restless and lose
one's senses.

dwrkkuf, A black bee or fly.

d—lj^jJ darkhyidst, Petition, request,
application, appeal ; a proposal, tender; —
dar-khwast kardan (namudan), To demand,
request, exact.

(jjx-l^j darkjiicdstan, To desire, request.

a^jj darkhwdh, Deprecation, petition,
proposal; a beggar; — dar-khwdh hardan,
To make answerable for; — dar-khwdh kar-
dan gwnah, To intercede on one's behalf, to
implore pardon for another's fault.

jyi-jj darkhwar, Suitable, proper, becom-
ing ; in food or opulence ; — darkhuiari tan,
According or agreeable to his powers, qua-
lity, or rank.

Oj^s-jj dar khward, Proper, suitable.
J} <s. _>j dar khwar-ddr, Anyone in the
enjoyment of a long and happy life.

yoya. ^ dar-kh,wardan {khwurdan), To be
suitable or proper ; to agree ; to foil upon,
to encounter (m.c).

i^ji. ^ dur-kjiwash, Love, desire.

dard, Pain, ache, smart, trouble, dis-
ease, grief, affliction, pang, torment ; pity,
sympathy, compassion; a trumpet; [dard
lar-chidan, To remove pain or grief, to take
another's sorrow upon oneself ; — dardi
■ bandi angusM, Gout in the hand ;— dardi
bandi shitalang (pay), Gout in the foot ; —
dard chldan, = dard bar-chlda.n, q.v. above;
— dardi hand, The pangs of labour ; — dard
khwurdan, To be pained ; — dardi dil,
Heart's grief; — dardi din, A religious cala-
mity ; — dard rasdnidan, To inflict pain; —

J>i ( 511 ) »j

dardi zih (»), The pangs of labour ; — dardi
subdt,^ Lethargy;— dardi ear, Head-ache,
megrim ; trouble, vexation (construed with
dwardan,burdan, blrun burdan, dadan, liar-
dan, kashidan, giriftan) ; — dardi sar girifta,
Troubled with a bead- ache ; — dardi shadid,
Agony ;— -dardi shikam, Pain in the belly,
cbolic, gripes ; — dardi farzandi, Parental
affection; — dard leardan, To give pain; —
dard kashidan, To suffer, to grieve ; — dardi
Icamar, Lumbago; pain in the back ;—
dardi gurda, Colic of the kidneys ;—dard
giriftan, To ache ; — dardi mafdsil, Rheuma-
tism ; — dardi nakhun, A whitlow; — dard
yaftan, To suffer pain;— a&Zi dard, Pained
with love or grief ; — ha dard dmadan, To
be in pain; — ba dard dwardan, To inflict
pain, to grieve ;] — durd, Dregs, lees, sedi-
ment, tartar of wine, mother of oil (con-
strued with khwurdan, burdan, zadan, maki-
dan) ; (met.) the end, the last part [durdi
sal, The end of the year -—durdi shab, The
last watch of the night ; — durdi mdh, The
closing days of the month ;]— dirad, Ring-
worm.

a >y darad, A shedding of the teeth.

darda, Alas ! Oh ! What a pity !
v^j>> darddb, A small odoriferous
melon,

darddkJt, Recovery from illness (see

tV)-

tj\j)j darddda, = Mjjj q.v. (doubtful).
darddr, A large and shady kind of
tree; the elm-tree ; — dar-ddr, A porter;—
dard-dr, Pain-producing.
M J > J dard-ded, Grief-soothing.
fU^ jjj durd-dshdm, A drinker of dregs,
who empties the cup to the dregs.
(jLibA^ >>jj dard-dshndydn, Inured to pain.
0 y~»tJ)j darddqis, The upper joint which
joins the head to the neck.

*>;J dard-dgin, Full of pain, aching.
J ^ J ; J dard-dlud, Painful.

durddm, An anchoret, a beadsman.
trlJj-i dar-ddman. The ornamental bor-
der of a gown or robe.

j>y* dard-angnz, Pitiable, exciting

pity.

u\J ^ dur-ddna, A single pearl ; [dur-
ddm' i ndr, A drop of blood;] — durddna,
Like dregs.

J J J dard-parwar, Grieved, afflicted.

y*t JjO dard-chin, Who plucks out, i.e.
removes, p:iin.

^U. Ojj dard-khdy, Grieved, afflicted.

jlji jjj durd-kkwdr, Poor, humble; earth,
jjj durd-khu-ar, — pW\ JjJ q.v.

jyi Jjj dard-khwurd, t^fi- j,<i dard-
ikmrda, Affected with pain.

jjjj dar dar, In the door, at the door.

CjjjJ jj dar darun, In, within.

5jj jjj dard-zada, Pained, sick.

is— >i jJ dar dast, In hand, in readiness ;
—dar dast dadan, To give up, betray.

us- 4 *** dari dasht, dar-dasht, A quarter
in Ispahan.

"V (ZartZ-sAariA;, Sympathetical.

u 5 -* ^ durd-kash, A toper, tippler, sot
who drains the very dregs.

J j J dard-kun, Painful, causing pain.

jir 1 ^ dard-gir, Pained, receiving pain.

y..? jjj dard- gin, Painful ; sprained.

yj-JUo jo dar-damdnidan, To cause to
blow.

y-*^ dardman, dardmand, In

pain ; sick in body or mind ; poor, miser-
able, afflicted ; compassionate, sympathi-
zing; — dar-damand, They blow or breathe.

^jj-^jjj dardmandi, Pain, affliction ; pity.
dardma, The seven planets sup-
posed to turn round the earth.

dar-damidan, To blow, to inflate.

cilUjjj dardndk, Sick, afflicted ; in pain,
painful; sprained.

ijSiy jjj durd-nosh, Who drains the cup
to the dregs.

o-ijjjj dar-dokht, Accusation ; rumour.

ifXi.) j jj dar-dokhtan, To sew ; to accuse.

A_yJ)J durdar, A whirlpool.

sjjj durda, Sediment, lees, dregs.

(jjjj dardi. Pain ; a trumpet ; — durdi,
Dregs.

durdi-kash, — fl*? JjJ <£«r<Z-

dehdm, q.v,

ctlUjjjj^ dwrcfrjidfc, Full of sediment,
dreggy.

^JjtJ durdi-nosh, == ,ji>y JjJ q.v.
a jjJ durar (pi. of dttrrai), Pearls ; white
teeth.

afc jj<i durar -bar, Raining pearls ; grace-
ful, elegant.

y^jj jj dar-rubudan, To seize ; to ravish.

yjj-j jj dar-rasldan, To arrive ; to hap-
pen ; to overtake.

i^i) dar-raftan, To go in, enter, pene-
trate.

^ dar iaftam raftan, To twist
together, to weave like the meshes of a net.

a ;J dur rekhtan (to scatter pearls),
To shed tears; to speak eloquently.

a dur-rez, Eloquent.

a ^s>i; j J dur-rezi, Eloquence.

jjJ darz, A joint, the joining of the skull,
a suture, a seam; a rent in a garment
which has been sewed up ; young girls ;
[darzi ikllli, Fronto-parietal suture (an at.) ;
— darzi sinina, Dove-tailed margin of the
sutures of the skull ; — darzi eahmi, Parietal
suture ; — darzi qishri, Teniporo-parietal
suture ; — darzi Idini, Occipital suture ; —
darz kardan, To split, to be rent ; (met.) to
become public, to be divulged ;]—daraz,
Mustachios.

a jj" darz (v.n.), Enjoying the pleasures
of life.

5j\3 dar-zdda, A mill-dam ; a sluice by
which they bring water to the mill ; the
chest into which the flour falls.

>jvi ( 512

dar zaban ddshtan. To de-

)

fame,

t)>>j dar-zadan, To strike ; — chang dar-
stadan, To fix the nails, claws, or talons in
anything ;- — chang dar-zada ba lease, Having
the hands locked with another in fight.

O^jj-* darazman, darzaman, A thread
drawn through a needle ; — dar zamdn. In
the time ; instantly ; — dar zamdni jakiliyat,
In the time of paganism (before the coming
of Muhammad).

CJ) ;J dar-zan, Who knocks at the door ;
a needle.

^ dar-zand, Dipping, steeping, dyeing.
dar zanjir, In chains.
darzatid, Place of carnage ; butchery.

tjj-i darza, A heap of sand or rubbish ; a
rent in a garment which has been sewn ;
a girl, daughter.

(jij;^ darzl, A tailor.

f.) dar zer, dar zlr. Under, beneath.

^SfiSty* darzlgarl, The business oE a
tailor ; sewing, stitching ; — darzigari kar-
dan, To sew, to do the work of a tailor.

a dars (v.n.), Being worn (a gar-
ment) ; wearing out ; being menstruous ;
lying with awoman; treading orthreshing
out corn ; reading a book, studying ; a
lecture, lesson, exercise; being scabby
and pitched (a camel) ; a hidden path ;
[dars khwdndan (dddan, kardan, giriftan,
guftan), To instruct; — darsi rawdn, Ele-
mentary lectures ; — darsi 'dm dddan, To
give public lectures ; — dars-u-tadris, Learn-
ing and teaching;] — dirs, A threadbare
garment ; a camel's tail.

(^=.1— _).> dar-sdkhtan, To league, ally
with, joiu ; to do with, to be satisfied or
content.

dar-sdr, 5)^-> ^ dar-sdra, An ante-
chamber ; an outer wall ; a curtain hung
before a door.

a o^jJ dirsan (pi. of dirs), Threadbare
clothes.

yjj^jj dar-sipurdan, To surrender, give

in.

durust, Entire, complete, perfect,
whole, well, safe, sound ; straight, even ;
firm; accurate, correct; gold or silver;
coin of (he best standard; heaJth ; — durust
shudan, To be repaired or mended ; durust
kardan, To repair ; to acknowledge, to
follow ; to check.

y^U-j-J darastdrdn, yU-jJ darastdn, Any
gratuity over and above the stipulated
wages.

ut—i durust-paitndn. Promise-
keeping.

durust-tan, Healthy in body,
j^. ls— durust-chdg, Sound, in good
condition (m.c).

reader.

i>> durust - Jchmdn, A correct

-jJ durust-kdr, Upright, of integrity
durust-kirddr, Of upright con-
•_)■■> durust-gumdn, A staunch be-
•jJ durust- go (gii), Truth- speaking.

duraet-dindr, Good money.

a jV*c utwjo durust-'iydr, Of full standard
or measure ; who gives exact weight ; just,
equitable.

j\S ^
(m.c).

duct.

liever. •

durustagi, Soundness, healthiness.
darasta, Pardon, forgiveness.
jj^-jJ durusti, Entireness, soundness;
propriety, amendment, adjustment, reform;
seriousness, gravity; [ba-durustf, In truth;]
— dursati, dursiti, Name of the daughter
of Noshirwfm.

diU. dars- kh ana, A school.
(jV 5 - o'J' 5 dars-khwdn, A student; any-
one who reads to another,
s^^o dars-gdh, A school.

darsa, Forgiveness.
ijijJ darsh, A stable, a stall ; a tether for
horses; — darash, A long kind of cucumber.

u^&jj durusht, Rough, hard thick ; fierce,
wild, fell, morose, stern, oppressive; rugged,
unequal; notched (sword); dispropor-
tionate ; hairy.

•xs«> c^Ajo durusht-pasand, Dull, stupid,
rustic, boorish.

jljis- (j^&jj durusht-Uhwdr, Who fares hard.
^y!, durusht-khoy. Of a harsh dis-

position.

c^Ajj durusht- hho'i, Hai'shness of
disposition.

^Jtiji u^nSijO durusht-gosh, Dull of bearing.

4hS*»)J darashta, Forgiveness, remission of
gin.

dwruste, Roughness ; severity,
fierceness ; violence ; [durushtl kardan, To
treat with harshness;] — durshati, durshiti,
Name of the daughter of Noshirwiin (see

yjwfc da.r-shudan, To be in; to enter;
— ba-kdre dar shudan, To be engaged in
certain business.

^j^j Air shakar-bezl budan, To

weep, to be sheddiug tears; to rejoice.

^Sx—Xfc jo dar-shikastagl, Abatement,
subsidence.

f^Si, dar-shikastan, To turn in, fob),
double; to subside, abate.

u ijiijj drushka, A drosky (m.c).

yxJ^^a. dar-shordiiidan, To move, stir.
darashl, A kind of long thin cucum-
ber.

a *£jyf> y dar sftrat, In ease ; in appearance.

A £)J dir', Armour, whether of iron, lea-
ther, or mail ; a coat of mail ; a woman's
shift;— dur, dura', The loth, 17th, and
18th nights of the month, when the moon
rises with the dawn.

a dir'-bdf, A weaver of coats of

mail,

( 518 )

a yM, rfar 'araq shudan, To be in a

sweat, to funk; to blush.

a s-io ^0 (Jar 'aqab, Immediately after, be-
hind.

a tejo dir'a, A yard (measure) ; — dura'a,
A cuirass, corslet (for ic^j q.v.).

ai^Cjj iar 'uhda, Due, promised, neces-
Barj.

dar gh . A dam, weir, mound.
J^J darghal, Security, rest, tranquillity ;
quiescent, sit rest,
aJ^jJ dargJidla,, Narrow mountain-passes.
O^V J darg&dn, A city near Samarkand.
darjfh&st, Vain, foolish, absurd.
darghasht, Greens, vegetables
(doubtful).

(;>£«i£ dar-g^albkan, dar-ghulbakan,
(^S-it ^ dar-ghulbakln (also y^ltjj dar-
ghulpakan, eK^* j J dar-gAulpakin), A
door with a wicket, hatch, or lattice.

/»* .;>» dar-gham, Name of a note in music
(so called from its power of expelling grief
from the mind) ; a place remarkable for
excellent wine.

o* 4 ;- 4 darsj&ami, Wine produced at Dar-
gh am.

darghn, Remainders of sweetmeats
in a pot.

Lr**y dargMsh, Many, much, copious ; a
kind of apricot.

U^j^ dirafsh, A cobbler's awl ; a scalpel ;
a standard, ensign, colours, banner; light-
ning; light, splendour; anything glitter-
ing, shining, or flashing ; a sash wrapped
round the head-gear when going to battle ;
—dirafski kdtvan (kdmiydn), The standard
of Paridun.

ylAijO dirafshdn, darafshdn, Shining;
trembling.

(jj.iiiU.ijj dirafshanidan, To cause to
shine.

6jj (jiijj dirafsh-zada, Stitched.

5a~U)0 dirafshaiida, Resplendent.

A£J;«> dimifsha, A sword.

V.}*" tj*'*;* 5 dirafshe kardan khwud-
ra, To make oneself conspicuous, to render
oneself notorious or infamous.

0-**AJ)0 dirafehidan, To shine ; to
tremble.

>i^*V darfanjak, The nightmare.

J-^ darq, Anything hard ; — daraq (pi. of
daraqat), Buc tiers oi leather.

a daraqat, A shield or buckler of
solid leather ; a wicket.

a W jj dar qafd, Behind, close behind.

a <s>;J darqa, darqih, A shield ; a coat of
mail; (for e^i-jj q.v.) a tree.

yLuHf»jJ darqihidati, A grove, a wood
(see the preceding).

a os^o dark (v.o.), Prosecuting without
intermission ; overtaking, reaching to ; un-
derstanding, comprehending, finding out;
— darak, A rope's end tacked on to the
main rope of a bucket that it may not be

rotted by the water ; a stage or partition
of heil darak, dark, Any possible con-
tingency.

>sV davak, A napkin, a handkerchief, a
towel.

A darakdt (pi. of darakai), Steps

for descending ; lowest degrees ; the deep-
est pits of hell (opposed to darajdt, " stages
or partitions of heaven or paradise ").

j>> dar kdr, In use, in operation; ne-
cessary, useful; in requisition, required,
wanted, desired.

aJ^jJ darkala, Ice ; an icicle.
A iS^o dirkat, A loop at the horn of a bow.
dar-kardan, To place within, drive
hi to, cause to enter ; to introduce; to in-
sert ; to patch.

sjlai'jj dar-kuehdda, Open-doored.

dar-kashidagi, A drawing in,

contraction.

yj^^Sjj dar-kashidan, To draw in, inhale;
to taste ; to drink; to erase ; to restore; a
thread, string, twine.

jUi^j dar kanur, Upon the side, brink,
bank, margin, edge ; asunder, apart ; in
the arms, bosom, or embrace.

dar ka.ndcm, To dig.

<y^J darkun, A saddle- strap, by which
anything is fastened to the side of the
horse ; the higher lintel of a doorway ; a
large high raised place for sitting.

l&j'} dar-gdh, The king's court ; a port,
portal, gate, door; the lower threshold; a
court before a palace or great house ; a
large bench or place for reclining upon ;
a mosque ; — dar-gahi ilahi, The court of
heaven ; — dar-gdhi mu'alla, The sublime
court, or porte.

yjiitji^jj dar-guzaramdan, To cause to
pass; to present; to raise (a disturbance) ;
to live ; to get along.

t^yutjg ^ dar-guzashtan, To pass beyond,
outstrip; to advance; to abstain, cease; to
die ; — az had dar-guzashian, To exceed
bounds or measure, to go beyond due
limits.

y^jj durgar, A carpenter.

yjui^jjj _jj dar-garddnidan, To roll, to
toss.

yjujjSy dar-gardidan, To return, to come
back ; to fall.

(^jS dar-giriftan, To kindle ; to make
an impression, take effect; to occupy, fill,
overspread.

a %ZS^ dar-gusilan, Dragging or break-
ing off.

^xJ'L^S ^ dar-gusildnidan, To drag; to
break off ( = u-^^—^ q.v.).

i^^S ^ dar-gashtan, To decline.

^i^J dargulCila, lee ; an icicle.

<j±~ap£ j- 5 dar-gunjldan, To be contained
or heid ; t;> hold ; to be filled.

a £j> daryun, = o/j-J q.v.

JSjj dar-gah, A court.

( 514 )

t^**k> iSj'i dargah-nithln, Who lives at the
royal court, a courtier.

tiltjj dirlik, ciUJ,.* dirtlk, A short-sleeved
jerkin.

a py* daram (v.u.), Having the ankles
covered with flesh.

fit diram, A weight (drachma) ; a silver
coin, generally in value about twopence
sterling; money, specie; a fish-scale; a
white rose ; — dirami shar'i, Three mashas
and four grains of silver.

a darma, A hare.

(j^*.! _)W y$ dar vidri zahh&kl ka-
shidan, To put in fetters.

darmdn, Medicine, remedy ; weak ;
imp. of dar-mandan ; — darmdn kardan, To
doctor ; to cure.

uiUfUjj darmdn dagi, Misery, distress,
misfortune, want, penury ; impoteucy, help-
lessness; paralysis ; — dar mdndagi'i sukhan,
A stuttering, stammering.

^ajUjJ darmdndan, To be unfortunate,
destitute; to stick fast, to despair; to
boggle, stammer.

8^iU ^ dar-mdnda, Distressed ; helpless.

^ darmdn-kund, Healing; a healer.

8, Hr*- rV J diram-kharlda, Purchased with
money ; a slave.

)\**)* dimm-ddr, Moneyed; scaly (fish).
diram-ddn, A money-box, a till.

J j' > (*o J diram-duzd, ^ f>j>> diram-doz, A
beetle, tumble-dung.

tj~*)j diram-sard, A mint.

uiCi—^j diram-sang, Weighing a drachma.
;J dar musht, In hand, under con-

trol.

t£\£ diram-guzin, A money-changer,
J^-J durmul, Grain not arrived at matu-
rity, but which, when toasted, is eaten.

SAjji-U diram-nakharida, Not pur-
chased with dirams (a slave), born in the
house.

SAi^jj darmanda. Abandoned, destitute.
<u-*jO dirmana, diramna, Wormwood,
hyssop ; — dirmana' i turki, Wormseed (Se-
men contra).

dar miydn, In the middle ; in the
midst, among, between, before, in view;
pledged, staked ; final, last ; an interval.

jj dar-miydm, Midmost ; a media-
tor.

yA^jj darmldan, To bark ; to blow
(doubtful word).
OjJ dam, A leech.

A yjo damn (v.n.), Being dirty (hands
or garments) ; name of a mountain.

t durna, A crane (vn.c, see

t J^j-> dirndq, A finger-nail (see jVijt).

a> ; j cWawi, Form, fashion, mode, man-
ner, quahty ; like, resembling ; also —

SAijJ daranda, What rends or tears; a
tearer, reader ; rapacious, fierce ; wild
beasts.

0)5 dar uazd, Near, with, among.

^TaHaj jo dJar-wigfcamiagi, A grafting.
(jAitsj jv j dar-mi*fea7i(Zari, To insert, graft,
0 i!^ij dar-nishaatani, Fit for riding,
a u~4» jo (Zar nafas, In a breath, in a
moment.

e&j'i dirang, Delay, hesitation, tardiness;
clog, hindrance ; tinkling of a bell ; the
noise made in breaking glass or china ; per-
manency; the future life; eternity; time;
peace ; sadness, affliction ; destruction ; (in
comp.) slow, tedious, retarding; — dirang
kardan (giriftan), To delay, protract.

dirang~d-dirang, The twanging
of a bow-string.

uxjV&jj dirangdnidan (caus. of dirangl-
dan), To cause to delay, &c.

o &)0 dirangi, Tardy ; lateness, tardiness.

0±*&)4 dirangidan, To delay, stay ; to be
tardy; to remain constant; to rest; (for
tdrangldan) to twang.

CjOjjS jo dar-nawardan, To travel.

^oL^i jjj} jj dar naward nihddan, To fold
together ; to conceal ; to obliterate.

CJA>»^/ dar'Wiwardldan, To fold toge-
ther.

,_s&^y jo dar-naieashtagt, A folding in-
wards.

(j.;i>y jo dar-nawashtan, dar-nawishtan,
To fold up, double, turn inwards; to set
aside ; to cross out, to cancel, to efface.

a iiSpjj durnug, A sort of garment ; a sort
of carpet.

dirna, A bright sword.

j jj dar o, In him, in it;— dirav, Harvest;
[dirav kardan, To reap ; — akli dirav, Har-
vest-people ; — waqti dirav, Reaping-sea-
son ;] — dirav, durav, diru, dura, Heap
thou ; — duru, Harvest ; — duru zadan, To
reap, mow.

darwd. Head-downwards; inverted;
raised, cocked ; the angels Hiirut and Ma-
rut; necessary, needed; astonished, amazed,
dizzy ; [darwd shudan, To stand erect, to
be cocked ; — darwd kardan, To erect,
raise, toss ; — sar darwd ddshtan, To hold
the head erect ; j — durwd, True ; name of
the kings and grandees of India.

c^j J darwdkh, Recovering from illness,
convalescence; strong, firm; courageous,
brave; right, true ; sure; courage, bravery;
severity, grossness; sureness, certainty;
vice, blemish, disgrace.

darwdr, Necessary ; dizzy, bewil-
dered.

■ } \) dar-iodz, Large gates, or doors of a
city, palace, or fortress (always open) ; a
square, market-place ; mendicity,

yVjj^jo darwdzbdn, A porter; a warden,
keeper, guard of mountain-passes, gates,
and the like.

4 j'j; d darwdza, A door ; a gate ; a square,
market-place, or exchange where merchants
meet, and mendicants beg ; (hence) beg-
ging ; a pass through mountains ; a boun-

( 515 )

daiy ; name of a fortress or castle ; a town
in Papblagonia; lintel of a door; — darwa*
za'i gosh, The ear-hole; — darwdza'i nosh,
The mouth ; — darwdza'i hazar gam, A mile-
stone ; — az darwdza ba-dar raftan, To perish ,
fail.

yV) Sj\yJ darwaza-ban, A door-keeper, a
porter,

tsj^yj darwdzi. Warden, keeper of a city.

fi)^ darwazh, Inverted, with head down-
wards ; necessary ; astonished ; necessity,
suitableness,

y^jyj darwas, Name of a weight ; door-
post.

J darwd-Jcarda, Up-raised (curtain).
a^)-> darwdn (for dar. ban), A porter,
door-keeper.

ttVyO danoana, A trap-door to a roof.

dirawdnidan (eaus. of dirawldan),
duruwdnidan (caus. of durildan), To make,
reap, &c.

*ijy> darwah, Topsy-turvy ; giddy ; neces-
sary, suitable.

^))^ darwdy, .Raised, erected ; — darwdy
shvdan, To stand, to be erect, or cocked,

u^-~>\^o darwdyiai, Necessary ; becoming ;
harmony, agreement ; accord, consent; in-
verted, topsy-turvy.

a s^;>> durub (pi. of darb), Passes
through mountains ; narrow streets ; gates,
outlets.

darobast (dar-%-bast), Entirely,
totally, all.

u*;^jj° darvbitarii (G. Spvom-epii), Fern
upon oak-trees.

**»j_>»> dar-u-band, Good order; ornament,
adornment.

l e^J diiriij, Going, passing by ; dying
without issue, becoming extinct ; exceed-
ing a year and not foaling (a camel).

durod, Timber, a plank ; — durud,
Harvest ; benediction, mercy ; prayer ;
praise, thanksgiving ; name of the last of
the five intercalary days added to the Per-
sian year ; — durud dadan (rasundan, firis-
tddan), To Bend greetings; to offer up
prayers; — durud raead, Greetings come
from ;— durud kardan (guftan), To salute ;
to bless ; to bid farewell.

->^ J i) J durod-iar, j?<i))J durodgar, A car-
penter.

C?r^y J durodgari. Carpentry.

tJ->j;>J durildan, To reap, mow, cut down ;
to praise (doubtful meaning).

AjjjO dar&r, (A camel or camels) giving
much milk; — durur {v,n. of J J ), Streaming
in rays (as milk or rain) ; flowing ; — duriiri
mani, Spermatorrhoea.

y) jjJ duru-zan, A reaper.

A y-j/ duriis (v.n. of Being obli-

terated (traces of a building).

L^jy* diraveh, An awl; a banner; a sash
wrapped round the head in battle ; the
lobe of the ear; lightning, splendour (see

(j*-V) ;—darush, The wound or impression
made by a cautery or surgical instrument ;
— durosh, durosh, A lancet ; — dirawish,
Mowing, reaping.

dwrogh (3. druh, drughdha), A lie,
falsehood ; — durogh dwardan (pardakhtan,
zadari), To say or commit a falsehood ; —
durogh. bdflan (baetan bar lease), To feign a
lie and pass it upon anyone.

durogk-parddx, <yj £}j J durogh-
**», / £ }y > durog]i-gar, £ \^ durogK-go,
A liar; — durugh-go dar- dwardan, To give
one the lie, to make one out to be a liar.

<J3* tjj^ duroyk-gil'i (go'i), False-speak-
ing.

a sacj £jjs> durogh-wa'da, Who makes
false promises.

o i }) J duTogM, False ; a liar.

Or yy^ijyj daruqmun, Dragon-wort.
duruk, Planks, scantlings.

fx-* diravgar, Beaper; — durogar, Car-
penter.

<$})•> darfm, Within; interior, intimate;
heart ; bowels ; a festival ; name of a city
in Khurasan ; \_darun-u-birun, Internal and
external ; within and without ; — tira-darun,
Black-hearted;] — duriiri, A corn- measure ;
a form of prayer used by the fire-worship-
pers.

>y> fc))}^ darun~parwar, Generous, brave,
noble-heaiied ; a warrior in defence of re-
ligion ; a winner of hearts ; a prophet :
God.

a gi-yJ dariinaj (for P. <^i^ q.v.), Dro-
nicum ; — darunaji 'aqrabi, Roman leopard's
bane.

•i>jjj dar wand, A bolt ; a hook ; name of
a medicine ; name of a wrestler ; =
q.v. ; — durwand (in Zand and Pazand),
Wicked, perverse, heretical.

j\o y^yj darun-dar, Malevolent, grudging ;
a hypocrite, a dissembler.

dirawanda, A reaper, mower.

Aij) yjjj darun-ruya, Inwards, inside-
facing.

i-r^J darun-reeh, Heart-sore.
t )U™Jjj.j dartinisttin, A temple, golden
shrine.

Sr'— Ow 3 darunsanj, Wise ; a warrior for
the faith.

ciUjjj darunak, Dronicum, leopard's
bane,

yUsAJ darun-niehindn (those sitting
within), Solitary persons; hermits.

fijyJ daruna, darona, The inside, belly ;
Dronicum (a herb) ; — daruna,, duruna, du-
rona, A bow ; the rainbow ; the bow of a
cotton-dresser.

s->l> Up^ darHna-tdb, Heart-burning, soul-
consummg.

(j'jj.J darunl, Internal, interior, intrinsic ;
intimate, confidential ; the inside.

»yi dirwa, A patch to be sewn to a gar-
ment.

( 516

ij) j d dar way, In him or it.

U-ijjjJ dirawldan. To mow, reap, cut.
darawida, Reaped, mowed.

s j ? -jU J darweza, dariveiha, The prac-

tice of begging, mendicity ; — dariveza'i dil,
Visions ; the contemplation of the invisible
world.

Lrijy 1 * darwesh, Poor, indigent ; a dervish,
monk; — darweshi sultdn-dil, The poor man
with the heart of an emperor, i.e. Muham-
mad.

t/Hy 1 * darwesh-posh, Clothing the
poor ; dressed like a mendicant.

v**>.))'> darwesh-dost, Who befriends
the poor ; whom the poor hold dear.

i'^iyj darweshdna, Like a pauper or
monk ; food collected by a mendicant ; food
ready at hand, pot-luck.

darweshi, Poverty ; a religious

life.

*ijy»> daruya, A patch (see

S)J data, darra, A valley (especially be-
tween hills through which a stream flows),
a gully ; the stomach of beasts which rumi-
nate ; (met.) an insatiable stomach ; name
of a district in Badakkshan ; [dara'i umnan,
The milky way; -dara kardan, To yawn;]
— durra, A scourge made of twisted thongs
with which offenders are punished, or a
drum is beaten (see A. durrat) ; proof,
demonstration.

V*;* 1 darhd (pi. of dar), Gates, ports,
doors; ways, means; — durhd, Pearls; —
durhd'i baizd, White pearls ; stars ; light-
ning.

a (»U>;o darhdm, Current coin ; — dirham,
A farthing, a coin.

AxJUiijj darhishta, A gift ; beneficence,
liberality.

<j^£ ijs)^ SjJ durra-kdrt kardan, To inflict
the punishment of the lash, to flog.

dar-ham, Intricate, confused, en-
tangled, intermixed, intertwined, distorted,
embroiled ; afflicted ; — dar-ham budan (shu-
dan), To be (become) intricate, &c; — dar-
ham kardan, To entangle, couf use, &e.
dar-ham nishastam, To thicken, become
gross (as darkness) ; — ruy dar-ham kashi-
daii, To contract the face into wrinkles, to
frown.

A- f»*; a dirham, dirhim, Money.
u\zi\ p& dar-ham uftada, Kuined, fallen
into chaos and confusion.

darham barham, Confused.
,** ;»> dar-ham, pichida (sj««.*» pe-
hida), Twisted, curled.
i^" s ~ , j*fc darham -pahvastagl, Inter-

mixture, interlacement.

to-fti J darham-paiwasta, Intermixed,
interlaced, intertwined.

a <yj dirham-zan, A coiner.
^iz&S ^Ajj Jarham-kashidagi, A shrivel-
ling, shrinking, puckering; corrugation.
U. dar hamajd, In every phiee.

^^♦ftjo darhaml, Confusion, disorder.

y*;J darhd, A kind of wicket through
which they roll a ball.

jo dar hawd, In the air, suspended-
darl, Belon ging to a door ; belonging
to the royal court, courtly ; one of the three
surviving dialects of the seven anciently
spoken in Persia, said to prevail chiefly in
Balkh, Bukhara, and Badakhslian, and
called the language of the court and of
Paradise ; an abode ; a place for sleeping ;
a small carpec (the last three meanings
doubtful) ; dwelling upon the mountains,
mountain (adj.); hence: — kabgi darl, A
kind of graceful-stepped, musical-voiced
partridge.

a darri, dirri, or durri, A sparkling
star glittering like a gem.

VjjJ darya, A sea, ocean ; a river ; (in the
language of mysticism) pure, uncreated,
divine essence ; — darya o-rd glrad, The sea
takes hold of him, i.e. he becomeB sea-sick
(m.c.) ; — darya ba-juyi khwesh bastan, To
conduct the stream into one's water-course,
so as to make it permanent ; — darya bar ru
zadan, To dash a sea. into one's face, i.e. to
awake with a vengeance, to startle out of
sleep ; — darya khwurdan, To drink (sea-)
deep ; — darya shiitdftan, To travel by sea,
to voyage; — darya guzdshtan, To create a
sea or a river (as by bloodshed) ; — darya
kashidan, To drain a sea (or river), to drink
to excess ; — darya u-?ahrd, Sea and land; —
daryd-u-Jcdn, Sea and mine, i.e. the uni-
verse ; — daryd'i abyaz, The White Sea;—
daryd'i akhzar, The Indian Ocean ; the sky ;
— daryd'i adriydtik, The Adriatic ; — daryd'i
arumiya, The lake of Oroomiyah ; — daryd'i
aswad, The Black Sea; — daryd'i a'zam,
The ocean ;— daryd'i basra, The sea of Bas-
rah ; (met.) a large cup filled with wine;
— daryd'i baltik (pdltik), The Baltic; —
daryd'i bl-nihdyat, The boundless deep ; —
daryd'i sdlis, The clouds (the two other
seas, iu a metaphorical sense, being the
mists on the earth and the waters above
the heavens) ; — daryd'i chin, The sea of
China; — daryd'i hdmila, A sea abounding
in pearls; wine ; — daryd'i khazar, The Cas-
pian Sea ; — daryd'i khun, An ocean of
blood ; — daryd'i rum, The Mediterranean
Sea; — daryd'i zar-afehdn, Name of a river
near Sainarqand ; — daryd'i sd'ila, A sea
abounding in pearls ; wine ; — daryd'i shahi,
The lake of Oroomiya {shahi being the
name of promontory on its shore) ; — dar-
yd'i shahd, Name of the River Hirmand ;
— daryd'i 'aqli, The sea of intelligence which
surrounds the throne of God ; — daryd'i
'ummdn, The Persian Gulf daryd'i qard
danglz, The Black Sea (m.c.) ; — daryd'i
ipulzum, The Red Sea ; — daryd'i qir, A sea,
of pitch, i.e. a dark night ; an inkstand
fqll of ink; — daryd'i kdshyjiar, The Sea of

( 517 )

Kashgar (see hahri ghamam under f^.) ; —
daryd'i la'l (a sea of ruby), A cup filled
with wine ; — daryd'i mdnsh, The English
Channel (m.c. from Fr. la Manche) ; — dar-
yd'i mukit, The ocean; — daryd'i maghrib,
The Western Ocean ; — daryd'i nil, The
River Nile ;— daryd'i hind, The Indian
Ocean ; — as daryd sadma didan, To suffer
from sea-sickness (m.c.) ; — ba-daryd an-
ddijitan, To launch (a ship) ; — ba-daryd
dddan, To wash ; to remove ; to withdraw
a glance.

v^j*> darydb (imp. of dar-ydftan), Know ;
knowing; (an older form of daryd corre-
sponding with Pars, darydw) a sea.

^;*> daryd-bdr, Raining like a deluge ;
abounding in rivers; the ocean; a sea-
port ; the south coast of Laristan and
Karman.

a*ert»\i>>> darydbdnidan, To mate under-
stand.

•w»^j>> daryd-band, A port, haven ; a dock-
yard ; 3rd pi. of the aorist of dar-ydftan.
darydbanda. Intelligent.

y^Ujj darydbidan, To hang, suspend.

t u&rt daryd-begi, An admiral (m.c).

V?j>> darydcha, A lake, pool, mere.

J«J ^ daryd-dil, Bountiful as the sea.

«y kj*> daryd-rav, Travelling by sea.

A diryde, A lion.

kjJ darydskikasta, A sea-breach.

s j&» V> daryaskulcoh, Majestic as the sea.

utJ^i jj dar-ydft, Perception, understand-
ing, knowledge ; attainment, acquisition ;
discovery, inquiry, investigation; — dar-
ydft Ttardan, To discern.

^Jir-J^jJ darydftgar, A discerner.

o^ 54 ^** darydftagi, Penetration, saga-
city.

y*^i;>> dar-ydftan. To understand, know,
perceive, find out, comprehend, experience,
be acquainted with ; to accomplish, arrive
at, overtake ; to help, assist.

dirydk, Treacle ; the bezoar ; opium.
>i)>> daryd-hdr, A mariner.

<j£ ^ daryd-kash, A bottomless toper,
a deep drinker (able to drain a Bea).

a <-4f Ijjj daryd-kaf, Bounteous as the
ocean.

juS daryd-kandr, The sea-shore.
jflijJ darydgar, — j&iy} q.v.

darydgari. The trade of a mariner.
<ij«> daryd-gosh (sea-ear), A shell.
a JV ciarya-«ciwai, Bounteous as the
sea.

a jjtty ^j>> dar^d-nawaii, Excessive libe-
rality.

J jy ^J" 1 daryd-naward, A voyager.
daryd-nosh, = ytiUjj q.v.
darydwagdn, World (sea and
Sand, see daryd-u-kdn, under ^;>>).

a J—i VjjJ daryd-yasdr, (Vast) as the sea
in wealth.

daryd'i, Marine, maritime; a voy-

ager; (met.) troubled (the heart) ; in dis-
tress (as a ship).

a daryat, diryat (v.n. of «jj»>), Know-
ing.

yWrj J darejdn, darechdn, An astro-

nomical method or rule, according to which
the constellations are divided into three
classes (see o^i)^).

&=syj daricha, A small door ; a window ;
a small hole for the admission of light ; a
wicket ; a mould in which goldsmiths cast
gold and silver ; a part of the saddle ; a
mountain-peak (unsupported) ; — daricha'i
gosh, The ear-hole.

darikji, dirlkh, = £>jJ q.v.

a J>JjJ duraid (dim. of adrad), Somewhat
toothless ; a man's name ; a nickname.

^Sj^jj daridagi, Rent, tear, laceration.

daridan, To tear, rend, lacerate; to
cut out (cloth) ; to lay open ; to subtract ;
to be loosed ; to be torn ; — duridan, To
reap, mow.

SJujj d'irida, Torn ; glaring (eyes) ; [daHda
ihudan, To be torn ;] — durida, Reaped.

i^jtj sjiijj darida- dahan, Plain-spoken;
open-mouthed ; talking at random.

A jijJ darir (v.n. of Going lightly, or
galloping hard (a horse).

diris, dirieh,A. kind of play.

a jV_> dur-yasdr, Having the left hand
full of pearls.

darigh, Stupid, foolish; — diregh,
duregh, Denial ; refusal ; repugnance, dis-
inclination; sorrow, vexation, grief, an-
guish ; regret, sorrow for past offences ; a
sigh ; omission, failure ; slow, Black ; diffi-
cult, troublesome; a particle of pity and
regret) ah ! alas ! — diregh dmadan, To sigh ;
to fear ; — diregh khwiirdan, To sigh, devour
sighs, grieve; — diregh ddshtan, To with-
hold, keep back, refuse, spare; — diregh
kardan, To deny, refuse, withhold, reject ;
to lament, pity, regret; — diregh nist, There
is no denial or refusal, you are welcome to
it; — ma-rd direghmi-ciyad (miydyad),! am
sorry, I regret; I refuse, am unwilling,
deny.

Ujjj direghd, Ah ! alas ! well-a-day !
j-. utXi j ^ dar yak su, In one part.
glXijO daregdn, Certain astronomical
figures.

aa*>jO darimana, Wormwood of Pontus.
dar in (for ^ In this; — dar in
asnd, In the meantime ;— - dar in tang-
nd'i. In this world ; — dar in juinbish,
At this moment; — dar in ma bain, In this
interval ; — dar in maiddn, Here below ; —
dar in wald, Now ; — dar in hangdma, The
world.

t^fy^ darlwdkh, Refusal, denial ; defect
(unsupported by examples).

u-Vj^ darewds, The four door-posts ; the
bar of a door ; the four sides, circuit, or
circumference.

( 518 )

j)t jo dar-yoz, jo dar-yoza, Begging,
beggary, asking ; a charitable collection ; a
beggar; — daryoza kardan, To beg; to ask
humbly, to implore (also construed with
the verbs dmadan and jiristddan).

<J»fi^ daryufh (Pars, daryos), A religious
mendicant.

j>> daz, A gallery, balcony ; — die, A for-
tress, castle, or city ; — dizi safed, A fortress
mentioned in the Shah-naniab.

^j«> (for ;T j^) daz-ar, A builder.

vi\ )•> diz-aftd, A fort built by Shapfir.

Vitf jo dix-afna, A fort built by Shapur.

050 duzd,A. thief, robber, assassin ; theft ;
one of the four sides of a dice ; — duzd ufid-
dan, To make a thieving expedition ; — duzdi
tarazu, Who cheats in weight ; — duzdi hind.
White places remaining in the hand after
staiuing it with henna,;— duzdi khdna (khd-
nagi), A thief under one's own roof ; —
duzdi sham', The winding-sheet of a candle.

j^jjj diz-ddr, Governor of a castle or fort.

(i^itf) jl&tf jjo duzd-afehdr {afshara), An
abettor of thieves; a thief; a nest of
rogues.

diz-dam, A dungeon.
duzddn (pi. of dmd), Thieves.
Aibjo d-uzdana, Thief-like, stealthily ; a
thief ; a robber.

yu,J\jjj duzddnidan, To cause to rob.
*>■>;> ojo dvzd-burda, Stolen goods,
yljjjj duzdddn, A hole in a wall, into
which the bolt or bar shoots, a staple ;
Btocks, pillory.

iVJ ojj duzd-gdh, The home or hiding-
place of thieves.
j£ ojo duzd-gir, A thief-catcher.

t*0)o dazdama, A planet.

tfJUjjj duzdndk, Infested by robhera.

tS^jJ duzdi, Robbery, theft ; — duzdi
az hindwvan 'aj'a& na-bwwad, A theft com-
mitted by Indians is nothing to be won-
dered at (proverbial) ; — duzdi kardan, To
filch, steal.

^Sju^jj duzdidagi, Theft, thievery, steal-
ing, larceny; - duzdldagi'i nigdh, The steal-
ing of a glance.

(jOiOjo duzdidan, To rob, thieve, steal.

sjjjjj duzdida, Stolen, purloined, pil-
fered ; a furtive glance ; by stealth, clan-
destinely ; — duzdida budan, To be stolen ;
— panja'i duzdida, Five intercalary days
added to the Persian year.

<sJ\£ diz-glidla, A citadel ; a tower.

>*i)o dazak, A towel, napkin, handker-
chief ; — dizak, A small fortress or fort.

aWjj daz-gdh (vulg. for dast-gdh, q.v.), A
weaver's shop, &e.

j\j l\Sy dazgdh-ddr, A banker.

jUji duzmdr, Name of a place famous for
its lead or for a mine of lapis lazuli.

jj-jjjjj dizandis, Alike, resembling; ap-
parent, manifest ; as before; immediately,
forthwith.

dizfiarj, dizfturj, dizharaj, Jerusa-
lem, an idol-temple.

jo dazh, A gallery, balcony ; — dizh, dotzh,
A fortress; ugly, bad; wicked; bad-tem-
pered; anger; adhesion; a father; — dwh,
Wicked, wickedness ; number.

ljj duzhd-ahang, Bad-tempered.

oWH j J dish-dbdd, Passionate ; formidable.

jljo /for ^ jo) dazh-dr, A builder (see

r^j J dizhdgdm, Chaste, abstemious; a
eunuch.

<s*ASVjo dizhdgdma, dazhdgdma, Angry,
moody ; ill-natured ; chaste, abstemious ;
a eunuch.

i\S\'j-i dizhdgdh, ^jo dizhdgah, Passionate,
blustering, grumbling; spleenful, moody,
ill-tempered, angry, cruel ; the commander
of a fortress ; an executioner.

o^ jo dith-alud, Passionate; peevish;
wild, fierce (beast).

yfi jo dizh-dlun, Injustice, violence;
alas !

slftljo dizhdngdh, Angry, passionate.

jo dizh-ahanj, ^Jjti\ jo dizh-dhang,
Surly; formidable; bow and arrow; a
small-pointed spear; ruthless ; — dizh-dhangi
afrdsydb, A eave in which Afrilsyab took
refuge.

y4 j-> dizh-bdn, Commander of a fortress.

jlyjo dizh (dazh)-bardz,)\}t^ dizh. (dazh)-
pardz, Fierce, cruel, bloody ; wrathful, bad-
tempered ; ugly; crude, raw ; a caviller.

_y} jo dazh-burii, dizh-buru, Jy! jo dizh-
buriid, Frowning, scowling; grim.

— > jo dazh-pasand, Temperate, chaste.

ijjJ dizlipih, dazhpih, and —

£«> :j dizh-pih, 4^ jo dizh-piha, A kernel
in the flesh; a plana, bubo; scrofula.

j**. jo dizh-khim, = jo q.v.

^y- jo dizh-khay, dizh-hki, A jailer;
angry.

^a. jo dizh-khim. dazh-khjm, Malignant;
ill-tempered; an executioner ; a jailer; a
keeper ; the governor of a fort ; ugly ; ava-
ricious, close-fisted.

iUsA-jj dizhlsMma-rang, Of malignant

aspect.

>to jo dizh-ddr, The occupant or comman-
der of a fortress.

aJU; jo dixh-g&ala, A citadel ; a tower (see
&SLe jJ).

«s3jJ dizhik, dazhik, A knot on a rope ; —
— diushuk, A blister upon the hand or foot;
a knot.

>*!tf).> dizhkdk, dazhkdk, A carrion-bird.
)•> dizh-kdm, &*\S dizh-kdma, ftf^
dizh-gam, AViSjo dizh-gdma, Irascible, an-
gry ; abstemious, chaste, sober ; a eunuch ;
aged.

i\S 3^ dilli-gah, Angry ; malignant ; an
executioner.

4*f jo dizh-gwma, = &*\S jo q.v.

j\)S jo dazh-guwdr, (Meat) hard of diges-
tion ; uncongenial ; difficult to cure.

(

duzh-gir, Acid.

&p dizhla (for dijla), The Tigris.

dizham, Drunken, crop-sick ; fierce,
enraged, furious ; melancholy, dejected,
sad, downcast, disturbed, distracted, sick ;
thoughtful, anxious; black, dark.

fcA" j<J dizh-mdn, Regret, vexation ; refu-
sal ; like a fortress, high, grand (this
meaning unsupported).

>*IU«jj dizhamndk, Sad, grieved.

<J^—y> dizh-manish, Wearied, tired, dis-
pleased, sated, cloyed, loathing, averse ;
aversion, dislike.

t>j»> duzhan, dithan, dnzhn, Acid, pun-
gent.

J** duzh-ndm, Of evil omen, sinister;
pustules ; = fUfco q.v.

■tip dizhand, Acid, tart ; pnssionate, testy,
sharp, hasty.

dazhwdkh, Thickness, coarseness,
grossness ; convalescence.

t)\)}>> dazhivdn, dizhwdn, A sigh ; regret,
grief.

dizhwand, Wicked ; irreligious.
Sj>> dazha, dizha. Angry, passionate ; (t
seal (this unsupported).

ks-»**3>> dizhhukht, <j&S u^-at»j^ dizhhukht ~
gang, e^jJ dizhharj, dizhhurj, Jerusalem ;
an idol-temple.

4 j»> dazha-gir, An instrument of iron,
with which they scrape a kneeding-trough.

duzhham, Kernels behind the cars,
or under the arm-pits.

<*SjS d-A-jC^ dizhhujcht-gang,
diihhusi-gang, Jerusalem.

dazhlpa, — q.v.
ktijo dizhina, A cobbler's awl (unsup-
ported).

u*^ dai, (in compos ) Like, resem-
bling; that; (for dast) the hand; — du$,
Burnt clay.

h das, dis (S. dasan), Ten ; (S. imp,
of dans) bite thou.

a U»J da«« (v.n.), Hiding (one thing
under another) .

AjsJUj dasatlr (pi. of dustiir), Copies,
models, exemplars ; title of sacred books
attributed to ancient Persian prophets.

a diedr, A fibre of the trunk of the
palm-tree, used in the place of oakum in
caulking ships.

datdrat (?), Unlawful gain (doubt-
ful word).

a I»Uj ditdm, A spigot, plug, cork, or
anything by which orifices are stopped up
(of bottle*, pipes, wounds, or ears)

daii, The hand ; the hand including
the arm to the elbow ; a cubit, an ell ; the
fore-feet (oF any quadruped) ; a handle ;
side; a hand-shaped leaf ; a coral-branch ;
a term applied to hawks or falcons ; the
chief seat of precedency given to the most
honoured guest; a cushion upon which
they ait ; a prime minister ; power, strength ;

519 ) ul~«,o

pre-excellence, superiority, victory ; advan-
tage, emolument, profit ; a successful op-
portunity ; rule, method, manner ; time,
turn, occasion ; stool, purge, evacuation ;
end, termination, limit, boundary ; trade,
art, profession, labour; a game at dice;
equal, par ; anything complete ; (in India)
the actual collections (as opposed to sist,
the assessment) ; [dast dkhtan, To stretch
out the hand for ; — dasti dkhir, The last
time or turn ; the last throw or stake at
dice ; — dast az datin bar-awardan (birun
dwardan, birun Jeardan), To push the hand
out of the sleeve; — dast az dstin sar-te*
kardan, (met.) To abstain from violence ; —
dast az pa khatd kardan, To mistake hand
and foot (to be utterly confused) ; — dast az
jdn shustan, To wasti one's hands of life ;
to despair; — dast az ddmani kase afgandan,
To separate from ; — dast az dahdn bar-
ddshtati, To talk plainly, impudently, or
obscenely ; — dast az gar girlftan, To show
no mercy ; to pay no respect to ; to refuse
help; — dast ax mast, Wo have the upper
hand ; it is our turn ; now our opportu-
nity has come; — dast uftddan, To obtain,
learn, find ; find nut; — dasti afsos, The hand
of grief; — dast afshdndan. To dance; to
display, publish ; to abandon ; — dast dma-
dan, To be fluxed ; — dasti amr, The func-
tion of a prime minister; — datt anddkhtan.
To swim ; — dasti auwal, The first time or
turn ; the first throw or stake at dice ; —
dasti o na-mlrawad, He does not succeed
in \—dast ba-db rasdndan, To perform a
religious ablut'on ; to ease nature, to stool
(w'lich would necessitate an ablution) ; —
dast bd harif firo koftan, To prepare for
wrestling ; — dast bdkhtan, To give as a
prey ; — dasti bdd-paimd, A hand that
clutches at the air (as in lightheaded-
ness) ; — dast bdz ddshtan, To hold the hand
back from, to desist;- — dast bdlin kardan,
To rest or sleep on one's arm (in lack of a
pillow) ; — dast bd man dih, Give me your
hand (proverbial expression in moments of
great pleasure or enjoyment); — dast ba-
bdld'i yak-digar nihddan, To fold the hands
(in idleness) ; — dast ba-burd, He prevailed,
excelled, or conquered ; — dast ba-bar zadan,
(met.) To accept ; — dast ba-bai'at dddan,
To become one's disciple ; — dast ba-dd-
mani kase dddan, To become one's follower
or disciple; — datt ba-datt dmadan, To
pass from hand to hand; — dast ba-dast
bardan, To carry in haste ; to promote to
honours ; — dast ba-dasti frarif dddan, To
join hands with an adversary (preparatory
to wrestling) ; — dast ba-das' rasidan, To
come in haste ; to attain to honours ; — dast
ba-dusti kase paiwand kardan, To render
assistance to ; — dast ba-du'd bar-awardan,
To lift up the hands in prayer or suppli-
cation ; — dast ba-dallal dddan, = dast ba-ziri

( 520 )

ehal burdan, q.v. ; — dast ba-danddn kandan
(giriftan, gazldan), To be vexed, sorry; —
dast ba-diwar dadan (kashidan), To grope
one's way along the walls (as one whose
eyes are dazzled) ; — dast bar (bar bdld'i)
abru giriftan, (met.) To be dazzled, unable
to see ;~-da#t bar-afshandan, To dance ; —
daet bar-dwardan, To supplicate, entreat
for ; to come off victorious ; to pretend
to ; to bring up ; — dast bar takhta (chop)
bastan, To tie the hands to a board or
log (as a punishment) ; (met.) to render
weak, helpless, impotent ; — dast bar tar-
hash nihddan, To prepare for war ; to
adorn oneself (a mistress) ; to do some-
thing wonderful ; — dast bar chashm ni-
hddan, To accept ; — dast barddr shudan,
To refrain, desist, remit ; — dast bar~ddsht
shudan, To be dismissed ; — dast bar-ddsh-
tan, To withdraw the hand ; to leave, to let
alone ; — dast bar dar zadan, To knock at
the door; — dast bar dast zadan, To wring
the hands ; — dast bar dast nishastan. To
sit down helpless -—dast bar dil budan,
To be anxious, uneasy, pained ; — dast bar
dil shudan, To pine or consume away with
envy ; — dast bar dil gttzdshtan (nihddan), To
engross the mind ; to keep back, restrain ;
to afford consolation ; to give a flat denial
to one's inclinations ; — dast burdan, To
carry off, to excel ; — dast bar dosh afgandan
(anddkhian, guzdshtan) , To lean upon (from
weakness) ; — dast bar dosh zadan, To pat
one's shoulders, to lie kind or pitiful ; —
dast bar doshi lease ddshtan, To obey ; —
dast bar dahdn burdan, To sigh, grieve,
repent ; — dast bar dahdn hardan, To eat ; —
dast bar diwdr budan, To grope one's way ;
— dast bar rukh (ru) giriftan, To cover
one's face (with shame) ; — dast bar ru'i ' dast
nihddan, To sit idle ; — dast bar sar shudan,
To make obeisance ; — dast bar sar kashidan,
To give permission; to say good-bye; —
dast bar sar giriftan. To place the hand to
one's head (in salutation, or as a sign of
distress) ; — dast bar sari man, Tour fate or
lot be mine also; — dast bar sar nihddan, To
salute ; to accept ; — dast bar etna nihddan,
To condole, to console ; — dast bar falak
shudan, To lift the hands up in prayer ; —
dast bar hare bastan, To exert oneself in a
matter; — dast bar kafsk nihddan, To wor-
ship, do homage ; — dast bar hamar dash-
tan (zadan), (met.) To boast, to brag; —
dast bar kamar mdndan, To boast ; to stand
idle ; — dast bar-kandan az chize, To give
over, desist from ; — dast bar gulu dwardan,
To strangle ; — dast bar-malidan, To make
ready, prepare for; — dast bar na-ddshtan,
To stick to one until the wished-for object
is obtained ; — dast bar -nihddan, To indi-
cate, point out ; — dast bar-ham Sudan, To
wring the hands ; — dast ba-ziri zanakh suttln
kardan, To be pensive or melancholy ;

— dast ba-ziri (dar tahi) sang dmadan
(biidan), To be submissive, captive, afflicted,
or tormented; — dast ba-ziri shdl burdan, To
indicate to a broker under cover of a shawl,
&c, by the fingers, the price for which one
is willing to buy or sell ; — dast ba-shdkhe
(bar-shdkhs) afgandan (zadan), To be on
with a new love or friendship ; to wish for
something fresh; — dast ba kisa wa 'iihq
ba-darwdza, The hand is in the pocket
and love out of doors (said of one who
prefers wealth to love) ; — dast birun kardan,
To supplicate, &c. (= dast bar-dwardan) ; to
cut off the hand ; (met.) to withdraw the
hand; to fight; — dasti bai'at, The hand
given in a compact ; — dasti pas, The end of
any business ; stakes given to the winners
at dice ; a low seat, a throne ; — dasti pasin,
The last throw or stake at dice ;— dasti
pasin koshidan, To make a last effort ; —
dasti pirdhan, A sleeve ; — dast pesh dwar-
dan, To hold out the hand, to beg ; — dast
pesh ddshtan, To stand with the hands
crossed before another ; to supplicate, to
beg ; to hinder, to refuse ; — dast peshi da-
han giriftan, To hold the hand before the
mouth in speaking to another (a sign of
good breeding) ; — dasti peshln-rd badal
nist, Circumstances have not altered;—
dasti tu bar sari man, May all that befalls
you, befall me also ; — dast hamd'il kardan,
To embrace; — dasti jdma (kjiil'at), A com-
plete suit of (honorific clothes) ; — dasti
chap, The left hand ; — dasti ]chdna, A house
with all its belongings ; — dasti khar, The
penis of a donkey ; coarse al/use ; — dasti
khatar, A move or throw, on which heavy
stakes are depending ; a high and perilous
station ; — dasti Mun (dast khuii), The last
move at chess; a game in which the van-
quished party stakes his limbs ; a throne
for which the possessor has waded through
seas of blood ; — dast dadan. To give the
hand ; to assist ; to humour, favour one's
wishes ; to come to pass ; to strike a bar-
gain ; to rest; to happen; to succeed; —
dast ddshtan, To delay, defer; to execrate,
curse ; — dast dirdz Jcardan, To stretch oat
the hand ; to rob, to exercise violence ; —
dast dar dstin dd*htan. To be out of em-
ploy ; — dast dar dstin kardan, To hinder
from work ; to light, to quarrel ; — dast dar
baghal burdan (dadan, nihddan), To be
idle ; — daet dar hind guzdshtan. To be idle ;
— dast dar khun zadan, To fight ; — dast dar
danddn mdndan, To be astonished, amazed,
perplexed ; — dast dar dahan giriftan, To
prevent from speaking; — dast dar rikab
zadan, To run beside one's sti r rup, to fol-
low in attendance on a great man; — dast
dar rauglian ddshtan, To live in abundance;
— dast dar kdre zadan, To set to work ; —
dast dar kisa zadan, To be liberal, to be-
stow largesses ; — dast dar garibdni kase

( 521 )

budan, To quarrel, to fight; — dast dargulu
kardan, To disgrace ; — dast dasti ost, He
has power over him, overcomes him; —
dasti rdst, The right hand ; the right wing
of an army ; a gift, largess, bounty ; a
prime minister ; — dasti rakht, A complete
travelling outfit; — dast rasidan. To come to
pass, to happen ; — dast rawan liar dan, To
exercises children in writing fluently ; —
dast zadan, To make haste ; to strike with
the hand ; to clap the hands, to applaud
(m.c.) ; — dast zlri leaf mdndan, To be sub-
jugated ; to be captive ; — dasti tabu, The
handle of a pitcher ; — dasti sildh, Full
armour ; — dast shustan, To wash the
hands ; to abandon, to despair ; — dast
salib kardan, To stand with the arms
crossed upon the breast ; — dasti tambur,
The neck of a guitar ; — dast firaa burdan,
To lay hands on ; — dasti fuldn ma-rezdd,
May the hand of such a one not perish
(said in prayer for one who has done a
great thing) ; — dast fishdndan, To dance ;
to expose, divulge ; to leave ; — dast qalam
kardan, To cut off the hand ; to write ;
— dasti lease giriftan, To help one, to bring
one assistance ; — dast kashldan, To touch,
to stroke with the hand ; to stretch forth
the hand; to withhold, hinder; to leave
off working ; — dast Jeafcha kardan, To beg ;
— dast handan. To grieve, be sorry for ;
—dast kota kardan as, To abstain from, to
renounce, to shun ; — dast quzar dan (gusiakh
kardan), To give as a prey, to give over
to; — dast gazidan, To regret, sorrow for; —
dast guxidan, To choose or aspire after the
highest place ; — dast gusistan (dar-gitsistan)
az, To separate from ; — dast gashddan, To
open the hand, to exercise liberality; to
decide upon (?) ; — dasti mahan, The hand
of the fair or of the cup-bearers ; — dasti
majlis, The place of honour in an assem-
bly ; — dasti niusa, The Bun ; — dast numu-
dan, To show one's power ; to show to the
seat of honour; — dast nawardidan, To
twist, i.e. to ply, one's hands or arms ; —
dast wu-kardan, — dast gushddan above ; —
dast u bagjial budan (sliudan, raftan, gash-
tan), To be or become one's equal; — dast
u pa afshdndan, To be convulsed (as in
death-struggle) ; to sprawl ; — dast u pa
batta, Bound hand and foot; — dast « pa
bosldan (bosanldan'f), (met.) To tread
under foot, to render thoroughly submis-
sive;— dast u pa. zadan, To beg with impor-
tunity ; to give up the ghost ; — dast u pa
gum kardan, To be troubled, perplexed ;
to lose oneself; to be frightened out of
one's senses ;—dast u teghe ddrad, He has
a sword and knows how to use it, he is
brave; — dast u dile ddrad, He is liberal
and generous ; — dast u dahdn (rit) db (ba-
db) kashldan, dast u ru shustan (tdza kar-
dan), To wash hands and face ; — dast u

gardan gashtan. ba kase, To become intimate
with; — dast u garlbdn ahudan bd, To be
very near to; to fight or quarrel with;
— dasti wizdrat, :The poat of prime minis-
ter ; — dast yd/tan, To take occasion,
find an opportunity ; to get possession
of, conquer, subject; — dasti ki na-tuwdn
lurid bdyad bosid, The hand which cannot
be cut off, should be kissed; (met.) a
thing from which you cannot sever your-
self should be guarded with the utmost
care ; — dast yakl kardan ba. To consent,
to agree with ; — az dast, Off-hand, imme-
diately (see also u>-oj\) ; — az dast amadan
(bar-dmadan), To be able to ; — ax dast bar-
giriftan, To annihilate ; — az dasti dahr jas-
tan, To die; — az dast raftan (shudan), To
be lost, to perish ; to be senseless, or help-
less ; — az dast guzdshtan, To give up, to
abandon ; — ba-dast uftddan (amadan), To
obtain, to come to hand ; — ba-dast dwardan,
To bring to hand ; to seize, to occupy ; —
ba-dast budan, To be at hand ; to attend,
to be ready (see also p. 163) ; — bar du
dast giriftan, To make every effort, to exert
oneself to the utmost ; — dar dast amadan,
To come to hand, to obtain ; — dar dast
giriftan, To take in band, to undertake; —
dar dast u pa afgandan, To render submis-
sive, to subjugate ; — dar dast « pd'i kase
uftddan (pechidan), To urge ; — du dast bar-
dashtan as, To renounce entirely; — zlri
dast dwardan, To subdue, to conquer ; —
rdh-rd zlri dast dwardan, To end one's
journey;] — dist, A span; a trident, har-
poon, fishing-spear, fizgig.

A dast, A plain, desert.

U-j dastd, A towel, a napkin ; a sash
wrapped round the turban.

jl,^ us~-j dast-abra*, A tool, implement.

(j^k^j! vt~. j dast-abranjan, A bracelet.
dastdd. Many, much ; very.

dast-d-dast, From hand to
hand ; a ready-money bargain ; the two
wings of an army ; a struggle.

jU-j dastdr, The sash or fine muslin
cloth wrapped round the turban ; a hand-
kerchief, naplcin ; a towel ; an apron ; imp.
of dast dwardan, q.v. under ; — das-

tdri khwdn, A table-cloth ; — dastdri mussa-
qib, The handle of a wimble ; — chashmi
ehun dastdr, A white, i.e. blind, eye.

y^U-o dastdrdn, Drink-money ; money
paid before work is done,

jU-j dastar-buzurg, A wittol, pilnp.

is-«.)jls.o dastdr-bast,AS.j)b linen turban.

j>i3 jU~.» dastdr-band, A servant who
makes up the turban; — dastdr-banddn
(wearers of turbans), Chiefs, nobles,
learned men, doctors, judges, lawyers;
dervishes.

d^U^j dastdrcha, A small turban or
sash; a handkerchief ; a towel; a pennant,
bandrol ; — dastdrcha'i 'alam, The streamer

( 522 )

of a flag ; — dattdrcha sakhtan, To present
an offering ; to try to conciliate ; — 6a-
dastdrcha dddan, To beBtow a present.

jU, A».jV~.o dastdrcha-sdz, A present which
is sent wrapped up in linen.

ylji jU~.j dastdr-khwdn, A table-cloth ; a
long table ; victuals carried home by the
guests from an entertainment.

u* 1 ^ dastdr khwdnchi, A table-

decker.

O^" 1 _jU-ni dastdr-dastdn {dastdri das-
tdn?), A sleeve.
jr- j^~»>> dastdr-sar, A turban ; a shroud.
(2=rf> utwJ dast-aranjan, A bracelet.

dastdru, A bracelet.
«J dast-arra, A hand-saw.

5,1

^Uji dast-dzmdy, Trying one s

hand; experienced; — dast-azma'i, Practice,
experience.

.j dast-ds, A hand-mill ; a large
mortar; — dast-ds kardan, To grind.
U_j dastd-sang, A sling.

dastdsk, A faggot, a bundle.
u^-j dast-dshnd, A negotiator.

dast-afrdz, A tool, implement.
jL&M dast-afshdr, A kind of com-

pressible gold, and a ball or orange made
of it.

yUuil I**-..* dast-afshdn, Dancing ; dancer.

y,£±\ ts->-.j dast-afgan, Occupied ; weak ;
a Bervant ; a keepsake.

^jU-j dustdq, Imprisoned, fettered.

jjSU-j dastdkard, J^Sls-o dastdgard, The
handle of a saw.

a q/^sA ct— >> dast-imtihdn, Exercise of
strength.

jy^j L^^j dast-dmoz, Accustomed to the
hand, tame, gentle, tractable ; a bird
trained to hunt ; skilful, dexterous, handy.

dasian, History, romance, fable ;
song, melody, trill, shake; the key of a
musical instrument; foolish, idle talk;
fraud, imposture, stratagem ; name of a
magician ; of a place in Samarkand ; of
ZA1, father of Rustam (also called dastdni
zand, where zancl is said to mean " great ");
(pi. of dast) hands.

dad-amboy {airibuy), *>j^l
dast amboya (anibttya), Anything odori-
ferous (particularly a species of small
melon or apple which is carried in the hand
on account of its delightful perfume).

us— ,<s dast-anddz, A dancer; a swim-
mer; a cut-purse; an archer; an oppres-
sor; transgression, trespass, infringement;
rapine, plunder; one who goes side by side
with another; a balustrade (m.c).

U } yU-j dastdn-zan, A magician, impos-
tor ; a story-teller; one who touches the
key or chords of a musical instrument.

jjyli-j dastdn-zand, The father of Rus-
tam.

yli-sj dastdn-sardy, A chanticleer ;
melodious.

dastdna. An agricultural tool ; a
whip ; a glove.

<j¥j)\ va~.j datt-auranjan, A bracelet.

j\j)1 dast-avzdr, A tool.

dast awe*, A firm hold ; a small
present (such as an inferior carries to a
great man, that he may not go empty-
handed) ; a voucher, document, signature,
note of hand, or bond ; a title-deed.

tyt } } ut~,a dast-dweza, A present (see the
preceding).

dast-ahang, An agricultural

tool.

ui~.d ^ ul~><» dast bd dast, Hand in hand ;
very near; agile, quick, speedy.

«v«.j^ ^ sj^j dast bd pddshdh. Hand (i.e.
being on an equality) with the king.

jl^j dast-bdn, Active, dexterous ; one
who makes away with all he has ; clever at
chess.

dast-bdzi, Trick or sleight of
hand; toying with the hand; pleasure, joy.

Slj dast-bdld, Prevailing ; superior,
victorious ; — dast-bdld'i jama, The border
or hem of a garment.

dast-bdna, A glove ; a bracelet.
«~.Ji} dast ba-dast, Prom hand to
hand ; joined hands ; expeditious ; ready-
money purchase.

ja, c^,} fagi ba-dil, Weak, powerless,
helpless.

yj^jj ut»v.j dast-barjan, A bracelet.
j^jA-o dast-burd, Pre-excellence, supe-
riority, advantage, victory (at play, in war
or law) ; the science of warfare ; — dast-
burd numudan, To conquer, to overcome,
to be victorious.

ylfii j y ts— ,j dast bar dahdn, Eating.
ji ts^-j dast bar sar. Stupefied, per.
plexed ; grieving ; humble, dejected.
ycs=^ j dast-baranjan, A bracelet.
—J dast bar-ham, and —

> dast-basta, Close-fisted, ava-
engaged in prayer ; manacled.
dast ba-qaoza, Hand to the
hilt, sword in hand, ready for battle.

t^a} dast-buqcha, Wrapper of a

bundle.

ju^-j dast-band, Swathes for the hands;
a dance where they join hands; a brace-
let ; a group of men or animals ; — daet-
bandi hind, Remains of henna adhering to
the hands.

(jjuj is—j dast-bandi, The manner in
which dogs and similar animals sit; cap-
tivity ; lowliness.

ricious

<j»j~z~j dast-bos, tr-j?

dast-bo»i,

Kissing of hands.

&>yi o—j dast-buya (boya), A kind of
melon.

^^Us-j dast-pdchagl, Haste, precipita-
tion, hurry.

ic*\> v j dast-pdcha, With hand and
foot, in haste, precipitately.

( 523 )

us!U dant-pak, Chaste, religious ; a

towel.

l5-~.j dasi-pukht, Prepared, brought
up, or cooked by the haud ; reared with
tender care.

">*j <j~£ *=— J dast-pas-zada, Who haggles
in bargaining.
sU m~->j dast-pandh, A glove; tongs.
ftH ts^-J datt-pech, — q.v.

dast-pechi, To fight with the

fists, to box.
i_£*> u«„ ,j dast-pesh, A suppliant, beggar.
yU^i dast-paiman, An agreement

ratified by all striking hands ; furniture
which a bridegroom sends to the house of
the bride ; a dowry.

cwj dast-tang, Indigent, poor.
c^_j dast-tangi, Poverty.
dast-tihl, Empty-handed.
a uul^a-j dastajat (A/ pi. of dasta), Com-
panies, troops (m.c),

a dastajat (from P. bu<> datta),

An armful.

isJSW ls—i> dast-chdldk, Light-fingered ; a
thief.

i^/S^r u^«,j dast-chdldki, Lightness of
finger ; stealth ; a civil war, duel.

v>)tj ls— ij <ia«ii charb, ut«~. J dasf-

c&a/fa, Help, assistance; riches, wealth;
— rfagft cAari> ba-sari kase kashidan, To
bring advantage to, to promote another's
interest.

«tX*^ k-^j dast-chamak, Power, autho-
rity.

vy*- dast-chob, Walking-stick ;

club.

a utoUc* dast-hamdyat, A protecting
hand.

^> dasi-kjiar, Reproach, reviling,
a dast-khat, Hand-writing, signa-

ture.

a\jasA"..j dast-khwan, A long table-cloth,
napkin ; a pinafore.

ijyi u^-j dEasi-fcJ,^)«r(Ja, ( Used up by
wear.

yitji. l=~»l> dast-khwash (dasti khtvash),
Buffoonery ; a towel ; weak, under com-
mand ; easily procured.

jljj us— .j dast-dirdz, With long hands or
arms, &c. (= J

,jj\jw-.k> dast-dardzi, Violence, oppres-
sion.

^fcj o—o (fasi-cZi/w, Help, assistance ;
offering one's hand to another to indicate
consent or approval.

tlastar^ A hand-saw ; a small sickle.

a J, ia-~»> dast-rad, (radd), Wages.

cv— .j dast-ras, Within one's power,
whatever one is equal to ; fruit, which one
can reach with the hand ; aid, assistance ;
arriving, obtaining ; able; greatness, power,
ability ; order, arrangement ; — dast-rae
kardan, To assist; to follow, to arrive.

j^j-j ta*— i daei-rasi, Ability,

gjj dast-ranj, A hand-saw ; money,

what is gained by labour; trade, craft,
skill, handiwork ; hire, wages ; trouble,
labour, exertion.

«ji-,o dastara, A hand-saw ; a small
sickle.

(j~>j dast-res, Spun, or twisted

thread.

»jj c=~_o dast-zada, Struck with the fist ;
rubbed with the hands ; seized, conquered;
sifted,

y) ^5~-,j daat~zan, Vexed ; a dancer,
singer.

*4Sjyu,j dast-zlg, A mason's rule.

jL. <£~.j dast-s&z, Hand-made,
u-o dast'Sang, A sling.
ul-^j dast-soza, A betrothed woman.

6iU. ts^-j dast-shana, A kind of comb,
with which the threads of silk are kept
separated when twisting them into ropes.

^yU^-Ai ct—o dasi-shustanl, Whatever is
employed for washing with ; any lotion
with an infusion of marsh-mallows or
myrtle-leaves.

a Us, J dast-ehifd, An epithet of a phy-
sician who is successful in restoring his
patients to health (one who has healing in
his hand).

Sa. daet-shikasta, (broken-

handed), Unable to procure a livelihood,
and ignorant of any trade, art, or pro-
fession.

(jjiA h»j dast-shikan, Bruising the hand ;
a curling lock.

.j datt-ehuy, A wash-hand bason,
or the water in which the hands are
washed; washing the bands; potash; de-
spair, hopelessness ; imp. of dast shustun,
q.v. sub t&— .J .

(i s-lt c^->i dast-taldb, Begging, want.

a s~-;£ ta— .j dast-ghaib, Surname of a
dynasty of Persian princes (as enjoying
favour with the invisible world).

a JV* ut— dast-fal, Handsel.

•})-)» ut~-J dast-farsiid, &<*fji o^~.j dast-
fars-uda, Worn by the hand.

ci— >> dast-faranjan, A bracelet.

J± } jl c»j dast-farosh, A hawker, a re-
tailer.

^a-yi uum-i flask/arosfoi, Pedlery.

<)Ju£Lj dast-qdla, A reaping-hook (see

a J (Zast-gMdrat, Power, ability.

a, f^i ts-~"» dad-qalam, Having the hand
cut off ; a writer.

usb~.j dastak, A little hand ; a plough-
handle; a spindle; a clapping of hands;
a pass, passport, permit, licence ; a sum-
mons or order to appear ; a commission ; a
rap at the door ; — dastak zadan, To beat
time ; to clap the hands in order to call
somebody.

i \S^~.^ d(tst-kiir, Wrought; manufactured;
an artificer, handicraftsman, one who lives

( 524 ) ut~_a

by the wort of his hands ; dexterous, ex-
pert, expeditious ; a hand-bill ; a royal
order stuck on a wall, or cut on stone ; —
dast-kdri fuldn, The handiwork of such an
one.

(_5jVix-j dast-kdri, An art, trade ; handi-
craft, dexterity.

*Jl&u.j dast-kdla, A reaping-siekle.

S0U1 ctAi«.u> dastak-piydda, One sent by
an Ami! to receive rents.

jj£ ct~-j dast-Jcard, The handle of a saw
(see j^SU-j),

itU-J dastak-zan, One who beats time
in music ; a dancer, musician, singer; peni-
tent, sorry, vexed, in a pet.

utUij dastak-suwdr, = sjI«i q.v.
dast'kash, A led horse ; high-
stepping, mettled ; a guide of the blind ;
reward of labour ; a weak bow for prac-
tising ; weak, oppressed ; a captive ; a
beggar ; firm ; a falconer ; a young hound ;
a horse'B colt ; a tire-woman ; a glove
(m.c).

jU«f dast-kushdd, Liberality.

e^~.J dari-kashi, Touch, gentle fric-
tion ; begging, mendicity ; — datt-kathi fear-
daw, To beg.

t*~i£ <js*-.>j dast-kaghida, Possessed,
claimed, occupied.

u^~,4 dast-kala, Fetters for a horse ;

like.

Stoji uf~ti dasi-koidh (JSjS kotah), Weak,
unsuccessful.

^z—i dastakl, An ornament for the
hands ; a falconer's glove ; a pocket-book,
tweezer-case.

sl£x_j dast-gdh, A weaver's shop ; a work-
house of any kind ; a laboratory ; plant
(of a manufactory); a public office; any
manufacturing instrument, a loom; uten-
sils ; a merchant's counter ; understand-
ing ; wealth ; excellence ; learning ; wis-
dom ; power, strength, ability ; a buffoon ;
subdued, weak, impotent ; — dastgdh niha-
da?i, To distribute wealth ; to renounce
wealth ; — dast-gdhi wujud, The sense of
hearing, seeing, touching, taste, and smell;
imagination ; thought ; memory ; common
sense ; auspicious, august ; — zafar-dastgdh.
Victorious; — ma'dalat-dastgdh, Where jus-
tice is exercised.

j\SS te— j dast-guzdr, Assistant, helper,
ally.

dati-gardy, Subdued, weak,

impotent.

ijijS dast-girifta, A helper, an assis-
tant.

y^jj/c^J dast-garddn, A form of buy-
ing, by which part of the price is given to
the seller, then re-taken by way of loan, to
be handed back as a further instalment,
and so on until the full amount is reached,
when the purchaser is considered as owner
of the object bought, and as debtor for its I

price, which must be paid at a stated terra
(construed with dddan, kardan, giriftan).

j daat-guzin, Choosing for one-
self the chief seat ; anything which is the
object of one's choice ; a led horse.

dast-gah, = sl£i-o q.v, ;^-datt-gahi
dirpdy, The heavens ; the world ; durable
riches.

^Xs-j dastagi, The world ; time ; for-
tune ; a friend; an ally, helper; a fal-
coner's glove.

dast-gir, Taking the hand ; an
assistant, patron, protector ; a saint ; im-
prisoned ; taking prisoner.

dast-gira, O (my) protector !

^pSiz^j dast-glrl, Assistance, aid, help;
defence, patronage, protection ; imprison-
ment.

dast-ldf, Handsel (for «^->>

q.v.).

Jl*x^j dast-mdl, Rubbing the hands; a
towel; a handkerchief; a kettle-holder;
dinner-plate ; easy, smooth ; bare ; a pri-
soner ; wealth ; — dastmdl takdn dddan, To
wave a handkerchief (m.c).

i^JL* us~.j dast-mdlcha, A small towel.

fjji, JWi-.j dastmdl-ehoy , Who washes
the plate, a scullion.

i^UA-<> dasUmdya, Stock-in-trade; source.

jj* c~j dast-mard, A friend, helper,
ally.

^■iy* ui— j dast-mardi. Intercession, help.

•iy J dast-muzd, Wages ; recompence.

ajy. dast-mvza, A tool ; a present ;

a wadded garment worn by women in win-
ter.

"-j dastambad {bud), A kind of dance.
ft**—* dastamhii, dastambo, itj*>J—i dot-
tambuya, dastamboya, Perfume.

dasianjan, A glove, gauntlet.
yUi dast-nishdn, Placed upon the

hand ; appointed to a work ; obedient.

y^jui et~.,> dast-nishln, Sitting in the
place of honour.

dast-nigar, Needy, wanting.
^Sii-J daitangl, = ^J^S ut— j q.v.
jUi j dast-namdz, Ablution before
prayer.

u>^y <j-~.j dast-nuwisht, = !=*■ >•> q.v.
daslwdr, A walking-stick ; a shep-
herd's crook; anything a spaa long; an
assistant, ally ; a wound; a bracelet.

daatatodra, dastwdra, Anything a
span long; anything capable of being
taken in the hand ; a walking-staff.

ylyu^j daetuwan, dastwdn, A gauntlet, a
glove ; a bracelet ; a servant who takes
care of the clothes of bathers.

fUtyx^o dastwdna, A bracelet ; a gauntlet ;
a falconer's glove ; the chief seat of prece-
dency.

L> j ^=—0 dast-u-pd, Effort, painstaking;
— dast-u-pd nihddan chixe-rd, To take pains
in a matter, to exert oneself.

} dast-u-ddman, Refuge.
(jjUo ^ dast-u-dakdn, In closest

proximity.

t)U^ ^ ^ dast-u-dahan ob-

kaskdn, Who performs an ablution before
prayers.

_j} s ~<> dastur, lieave, permission, licence;
dismission, conge"; a prime minister, vazlr,
senator, councillor of state ; a confidential
person ; a model, exemplar, rule, basis,
foundation, canon, original of a book, re-
cord, formula, or any writing of authority
to which people have recourse ; custom,
mode, manner, fashion ; constitution, privi-
lege ; a customary fee, tax, or per-centage ;
fulfilment of a promise ; a bolt, bar ; a
large log laid across a ship as ballast;
a high priest of the fire-worshippers; a
powerful man; — dast&ru 'l-'amal, A model,
rule, regulation ;— dasturi mukarram, An
illustrious councillor.

a dustur, A note or common-place
book ; a senator, grandee ; a pillar ; a
canon, copy, exemplar, model.

a uu^yu.j dasturdt, Perquisites or per-
centage allowed to a namindar on the col-
lection of his lands.

yj».jj ii~-»> dast-warjan, A bracelet.

dastur-shdk, A royal diadem.

i<yF-)f~> dast-waranjan, A bracelet.

dast-wara, A hand-saw ; earnings.

i 3)<r— : > dasturi, Perquisites paid to
servants by one who sells to their master,
fees ; leave ; custom j anything thrown in,
or placed upon another (as if one should
buy a pound of sugar, and. an apple should
be put on the top) .

I»yt»j dastum, Recollection, memory, re-
flection.

yyuj dustiin, The dung of animals.

4*~>j dasta, A handle, helve, haft; a hand-
ful; a handful of reaped corn or flowers, a
shock, a nosegay ; a hank or skein of silk or
thread, clew ; a lock of hair ; a pestle ; the
neck of a guitar or violin ; a quire of
paper ; a friend, assistant, ally ; an assem-
blage of people ; a bundle consisting of
twenty-four arrows ; a division of an army,
brigade ; a swathe for binding a sheaf of
corn; impudent, audacious; impudence,
audacity, rudeness ; importunity ; fault,
offence; [dasta'i bel, A child's play (also
called j> 4*-J dasta pit) ; — dasta' i dast-ds,
The handle of a hand-mill ; — dasta'i rig-
man, A reel for winding thread upon ;—
dasta'i sd'at, The twelve cyphers of the dial
of a watch or clock ; — - dasta'i sitl, The
handle of a pail ; — dasta'i fa, The resem-
blance of the letter \ conspicuous in the
letter t , which is therefore called td'i
dasta-ddr;— dasta'i kdrd, A knife-handle;
— dasta'i kdg&iz, A quire of paper; a
bundle of letters ; — dasta'i kdlaska, A
train of carriages (m.c.) ; — dasta'i gul, A

525 ) <^~J

nosegay ; the »uu ; —dasta'i marwdrid, A
string of pearls; — dasta'i hdwati, A pestle;
— yak sd'at at dasta guzashta, At one
o'clock of the day ;] — dusta, A stone.

csXU Ai-j dasta-chilik, A bat for trap-
ball. '

vyj. &z~j dasta-chob, A staff; importu-
nity.

dou.o dasta-ddr, Commander of a bri-
gade. (See also td'i dasta-ddr under

<Sa~.J).

<ix-,o dasta-dasta, By handfuls.
csJ^i^-^ dasta-kuk, To lie wound up by
the handle, keyless (watch, m.c.).

dasti, A torch or link carried in the
hand ; any vessel which may be lifted by
the hand; an earthen bottle, pot, cruise,
drinking-cup with two handles ; a large
open vessel for washing clothes or dressing
skins ; assistance ; — dasti sdkhtan, To work
by hand, to produce by human labour
(m.c.) ; — pesh dasti kardan, To make haste,
finish soon.

sj^ dast-ydb, Opportunity, occa-

sion ; procurable ; — dast-ydb shudan, To
find, to have found occasion ; — dast-ydb
gardidan, To be acquired.

(jjl* ts—j dast-ydbt, Control ; prefecture,
jla^o dast-ydr, Assistant, helper, mini-
ster; pupil, disciple; subject.

tSj^-A-j dast-ydra, A gold or silver brace-
let.

^jjUs-j dast-ydri, Aid, assistance ; de-
fence ; power, strength.

taJb dast-ydft, Victory ; opportu-

nity.

ca—j dast-ydfta, Successful.
iA*g~>.i dast-ydna, A gauntlet ; a brace-
let ; a scourge ; a fiddle-stick ; a letter,
scroll ; letters patent ; a necklace.

a s*^-^ dastlj (from P. dasti), Any vessel
which can be lifted up by the hand ; a
handle (this meaning doubtful).
a csX^_k-.j dasttjak, A little vessel.
a gJ*s~.J dasttnaj, A lightning-cloud.
*~>*— J dastina, Any female ornament for
the wrists, of gems, gold, or silver; gloves;
a handle, a haft; the neck of a guitar;
anything written at the bottom of a letter
(as signature, date, or postscript) ; an
autograph; a royal diploma or charter, an
edict or decree of a judge.

!oat-j das-khat (for dast-khat), A signa-
ture ; — das-khati khds, A sign manual, a
royal signature.

a ^— i dasr (v.n.). Piercing with a spear,
thrusting; repelling; lying with; caulking
a ship.

a das' (v.n.), Giving, presenting;
throwing up (as beasts when chewing the
cud), vomiting, expelling; filling anything ;
the sinking of the veins in the flesh,
y.jlp^fi-j dasqiriitus, Dioscorides.
a ijild daskara, A town; a castle on a

^-j ( 526

hill ; a litter for transporting the sick ;
name of a town in Persian Iraq .

A ,*~>4 dasm (v.n. of ,•—*>), Corking, clo-
sing (a bottle, the ear, or a wound) ; wet-
ting the ground slightly (rah)) ; effacing a
trace ; shutting a door ; — dasam. Fatness ;
— daeim, Fat, greasy.

^*~"> dammar, A kind of fattening pulse.

k u~*—J dismisi hurt, Dismissal (of a
cause) by the court.

j*- J dasmu, A French bean.
dasma, A sort of pulse.

a y-$ dasw (v.n.), To diminish; to hide,
to be hidden.

fc^iy*..! d-aswarda, A rolling-pin.

dusuk, dasuh, A small stick, wand.

a j dusumat, G-reasiness.

*«•>> ifasa, Thread which remains on the
loom after the weaver has cut off what has
been woven ; a weaver's clue of thread ; —
dusa, A stone ball.

a us—> dasis, The concealing of a stra-
tagem; an incurable stench of the arm-
pits.

a dasi'at, A valuable gift, a dona-

tive ; nature, disposition ; a goblet ; a
dish ; a table magnificently covered ;
strength, power.

thr-o dasin, damna, A jar, large

vessel.

dash, Ostentation ; a handsome form
or picture; resembling; — dush (S. dur,
G. Svs), Evil, bad, ugly (in such words as
dvshman, dushndm, &c).

jyAJ dwhbnd, An ill-shaped and crooked
bone.

J+fcJ dmhbil, Je>*>i duehpil, A kernel
growing in the flesh, scrofula.

ut-AJ dasht, A desert, plain without
water; a burial-ground; a chess-board;
dry muBk ; name of a tract of country in
Khurasan; also of a town in Azarbaijan;
and of a village near Isfahan ; [dashti
arzhan, Name of a place three leagues
distant from Shiraz ; — dashti istabraq, A
verdant desert; — dathti dward-gdh, A
battle-field ; — dashti kipchdk, The desert
of Kipchak in Tartary ; — dashti karhald
kardan, To visit the plain of Karbalii (in
pious remembrance of Husain, the mar-
tyred son of Ali) ; — dashti gurddn (niza-
wardn), The desert of the heroes (armed
with lances), Arabia; — dashti lala, A plain
in which tulips grow wild ; — dashti yaldni
yarnan, The desert of the heroes of Yaman,
Arabia] ; — dusht. Foul, shameful, ugly,
bad.

ut^J dasht-afroz, Name of a pleasure-
ground.

(vjlsi,} dashtan, A nienstruous woman.

yLuio dashtubdn, A watch set over sown
field to drive away wild beasts.

W>, 4*-AJ dasht-paimd, Who travels over
deserts.

)

j\jai-s*o dusht-khwdr, Difficult, arduous.

ylj^ *a-*o dasht-sriwdrdn swwa-
ran, Those who lead a roving life in the
desert; the open country of Arabia;*
cemetery.

a ks-Ao daskt-gair, A journey in the
desert.

dasht-gard, A traveller in the

desert.

^jjf CL-Ao dasht-gardi, A wandering or
travelling in the desert.

pUxfc^ dusht-ndm, Abuse, reproach.

j^y dasht-naward, = W-a. c^*&.o q.v,

^*"> dashti, Wild ; — dmhti, A leech.

dnsht-yiid, Slander, secret -whis-
pering.

yL^jcsij dashtibdn, A watch set over sown
fields; name of several places in Persia;
also of a place in Turkistiin.

j^siA*) dtishkhwdr. Dangerous, difficult;
heavy, severe ; indisposed ; sorrow ; hea-
vily.

•Xi — > j^jsiAo dushJchwdr-paeand, Approving
difficulties.

dushkjiwdrgar, Mountainous,

billy.

^IjsiAj dushkhwdri, Difficulty, trouble;
danger ; — dushkhpdri namudan, To give
pain.

,**aiAJ dushkhim. Abuse, reproach, re-
viling.

dishista, Perceived, felt.
«sia>j dashk, dishk, dushk, A silken thread
drawn through a needle.

dashkara, — q.v.
(Js^Aj dushkl, Thread wound about a
spindle.

ftt-i dishorn, An awl ; — dishurn, After-
noon, evening prayer.

yUAJ dushmdn, An enemy.

dashmar, A kind of pulse for cattle.
dushman, An enemy, foe, adver-
sary; — dushmani jdni, A mortal enemy; —
d.ush'mani jahr, An open enemy; — dushman
dashtan, To hate, to hold as an enemy ;
— dn&hmmi zdii, A natviral foe ; — du&hmcmi
sirr, A secret enemy ; — dushmani qawl, A
powerful foe.

^UtAJ dushmandgi, Enmity.
^jU*4ij ditshmandyagi, Enmity.
dushman-ddr, A hater.
j dushman-ddshta, Hated.

t^t, y^Ao dushman ddsMa-sMda,

Hated, held in aversion.

4j\j dushman-mda, The son of an

enemy ; a born foe.

jliA y^Ao d.u&hman shikdr, A hunter or
seizer of enemies.

^Sa, dushman- shikani, Slaughter

of foes ; discomfiture of an enemy.

dushman-kdm, "Who is such as
the enemy wishes him to be, unhappy,
miserable, helpless ; calamity ; hostile, ini-
mical.

(

dushman-kdmi, Enmity, ha-
tred.

i\i duahman-kdh, Who abases the
enemy.

V**"* dushman-kob, Routing the

enemy,

j\aJ" dmhman-guduz, A destroyer of
enemies.

dnshman-gazdy , Who injures
(lit. bites) enemies.

dushman-gir, Taking an enemy.
Ajtshmanl, .Enmity, hatred, detes-
tation ; — dwshmanl daehtan (kardan), To
bate.

dashma, Name of a wrestler of Iriin.

j»*a>4S dashmlr, Contrary ; the elements.

yAJ danhn, Handsel (see auwali dasht
under A. , where perhaps dashn should
bo read for dasht, although Babiiri 'Ajam
takes dasht to be a corruption of dast,
adding, of course, the proverbial '' God
knows best").

jXj*^ dushntid, Many, much.

dueh-num, 111 name, abuse, re-
proach, taunt, invective ; — dush-nam dddan
{zadom, firUtildan, kardan, kashldan, guftan),
To give a bad name, vilify.

in, sjU |»Ua>j dushndm-ddda shuda, Re-
proached, reviled, cursed.

Sjoaj pUi..) dushndm-dihanda, Fore-
finger.

yS pbAJ du&hnam-glr, Who remains calm
under abuse.

4s»l» dushndnuydfta, Abused, re-

viled.

iiCaj dashang, The busk of a date; a
branch whereon dates are growing; name
of a city in Khalay ; a dam of wicker- work ;
a silken thread

<j&aj dasharujl, Time, fortune; the
world.

dashnawa (unsupported), and —
iiAj dashna, A dagger, poniard, chiefly
worn by the men of Liir ; a sword, scimitar ;
a narrow knife- blade ; (construed with
the verbs drdsian, khwurdan, aadan, shikas-
ian, nihddan) ; — dashna'i siibh, A morning
ray.

jbj. iSjaj daskna-shikdr, Who hunts with
:i cutlass.

j,^ iU4.j dashna-kdrd, A dagger, poniard.
j^jAio dushwCir, Difficult, hard, trouble-
some, arduous ; a billy, mountainous coun-
try ; — dushwar zadan (kardan), To perform
a difficult feat.

» dushwdr-pasand, Fond of

knots or difficulties.

dushwdr-kho, Bad-tempered.
jV^ dunhwdr-edy, Producing with

pain.

j^iS'j^j duBhwdr-guzar , Difficult to pass.

dushwdrgar, Hilly ; a mountain.
]- jV 10 dnahwdr-gTr, Impregnable (for-
tress).

527 ) j^J

dvsliwdri. Difficulty; — dushwdrl-
ltd'i rir/i, Difficulties of the road.

usIU^isJ dashlnluik, i3Li~AJ dashtsh-gah,
Night.

a. ifa' (imp. of Meddle not, lot

alone ; take care, mind you do not slip ; —
da" (v. 11.), Driving with vehemence;
burning.

a bIcj du'd' (v.n. of Invocation,
prayer; salutation, congratulation, bene-
diction ; imprecation ; — du'd kardan, To
offer prayers ; to say good-bye ; — du'd
guftan, To bid adieu ; — du'd'ibdrdn, Prayer
for raiu ; — du'd'i bad, Curse, imprecation ;
— du'd'i jaushan, Prayer before battle for
safety ; — du'd'i khair, Prayer for good,
blessing, benediction ; — du'd'i daulat.
Prayer for one's prosperity ; — du'd'i 'dfi.yct
kardan, To wish health, salute, bless, con-
gratulate; — du'd'i qadah, Prayer for rain;
— du'd'i gundam. Prayer spoken over wheat
in distributing it.

a s->^ CJ di'db, The act of playing with ; —
da"db, A jester.

A k^-i du'dbat (v.n. of s-o), Playing;
playfulness, jest.

a u^Vcj du'dt, Invocations, prayers.
a ^SVlj du'd-giiy (goy), A preacher;
wishing well, benevolent; a supplicant; a
public dancing-girl.

a, JjS du'd-go'i (gil'i), Invocatiou of
a blessing.

A di'dm, and —

a a*»lc.J di'dma, A tent-pole, pillar, co-
lumn.

a du'd'iya, Benedictory ; — jumla'i

du'd'iya, A benedictory sentence ; — kdfi
du'd'iya, The conjunction ki, opening a
prayer.

a s-^ da'b (v.n.), Driving, thrusting;
copulating ; playing, jesting.

a J-cj di'bil, A robust camel; an old
she-camel ; name of a poet belonging to
the sect of 'All,

A <i~£J da's, A disease; — di's, Remains
of water.

a da'aj (v.n.), Being large and very
black (eye).

a ol^ci da'jd', Black-eyed (woman).
a j«j da'd, Name of n woman celebrated
for beauty.

a da' da", &c\e.i da' da' at, da'da'a,

Shaking a measure to make it hold more ;
tilling ; calling a goat ; calling to one
fallen, to rise and be careful; going slow
and with short steps.

A du'r, A wood-worm ; name of the
father of Malik the Khuzii'itc, who drew
Joseph from the well; — da'ar (v.n.), Smo-
king (wood) ; being depraved, spoiled,
ruined.

a da'z, A pushing, thrusting, driving
away; copulating; coition.
a y-cj da's (v.n.), Cramming ; trampling

( 528 )

under feet; piercing (with a spear); (a
road) distinguished by many marks ; — dps,
Cotton.

a da'q (v.n.), Beating (a path) ; ex-
citing, stirring up ; putting to flight.

a \yCJ da'wd (for Jsj*J da'wd), Law-suit.

a uftyso da'wat (pi. of the following),
Prayers, benedictions, invitations, &o.

a ijc^ da'wat (v.n. of jcj), Inviting to
a feast; invitation, call; prayer; petition,
request, entreaty ; an assembly, a convivial
meeting ; the Ismaila sect ; an emissary of
that sect ; — [da'wat shudan, To be invited
(m.c.) ; — da'wat namudan, To invite, to
call ;] — da'wat, di'wat, Pretension, claim to
relationship (true or false).

a £ «jujCo da'wat-gar, Who summons,
calls, invites, an emissary.

a Jsj" da'wd, in P. also da'wi (v.n. of
jo), Invoking, praying (God) ; pretension,
claim, demand; plaint, action at law, law-
suit; charge, accusation; contention, asser-
tion ; — da'wdyi bwrahari hardan, To pre-
tend or claim equality.

a^ J Jy* 1 -* da'wa-ddr, A plaintiff, claim-
ant.

a tS)^ Jsy 5 " 3 da'wd-Jcdri, Pretension,
claim.

a jS Jy" da. i wA~gar, A plaintiff, claimant.

a (jSjysj da'wlgi. Supplication.

£ J da gh- (for dagh), Mark, stigma ; bald ;
one whose beard, mustachios, eye-brows,
and eye-lashes have been cut off ; ground
where nothing grows ; — hiyalbdni dagh, A
barren desert.

daghd, Imposture, deceit, treachery ;
seduction, adulation ; vicious ; false ; in-
sincere ; a bastard ; base money ; sediment,
dregs ; rubbish, sticks and straws ; — da gh a
khwurdan, To be cheated ; to meet with
deception ; — daahd Jcardan (na-mudan.), To
deceive, circumvent.

jl» Vij dagha-hdis, An impostor, cheat,
traitor ; fraudulent.

^jlf IAj dagkd-bazi, Fraud.

U^s dag&d-pedta, Sly, artful, cun-
ning.

j£j dughd, A bride.

dagh-dar, Branded ; blemished ; a
slave ; — dvgkdar, A falcon.

ylijiij dagiidagkdn, The nettle-tree
(Celtis australis).

a ct>iJLfra cUtghdaahaJc. TitiJlatioD.

a AiJtfcj dagfidagfia, dughdagha, Fear,
confusion of mind ; an inclination for any-
thing; — dighdigka, Tickling under the
arm- pits.

pAtj dughd-u, Name of a bird weighing
about fifty pounds, the dodo (now extinct) ;
— dngkd-u, i?.}-**-* ditghdvya, Name of Zar-
dusht's mother.

a jt-i dagh' (v.n.), Invading or attacking
(au enemy) ; driving back, thrusting away ;
coition.

j-^j dagh-sar, Bald-headed.

a Jto daghal, Depravity, corruption;
blemish, defect; fraud, deceit, villainy;
base coin ; thorns for heating a bath ;
lees, dregs ; an impostor, villain ; a cut-
purse ; a blockhead ; lazy, indolent ; false,
insincere ; a forest, wood, thicket ; — dag&ali
khakdan, The world; the human body ;—
khCiiia-dag&al, One who disgraces his house.

a ){-M>> daghahbaz, = j^Vio q.v.

a (jjW Jia dagkal-ddri, A slanderer ; a
hypocrite.

a ui— JiJ daghal-dost, A pretended
friend.

a fc>j JiJ daghal-zan, A fornicator, adul-
terer ; a coiner or adulterer of money ; a
perfidious villain.

a J-ai JiJ dag&al*fasal, Treachery, deceit,
depravity.

a daghli, Treacherous ; — daghali,

Fraud ; treachery, villainy ; bastardy ; —
dagjiali namudan, To cozen.

jiJ dmiim. — jtjo q.v. (unsupported by
examples).

a J^£»> daghul, A cheat, impostor, a bas-
tard.

tsj^J daghuwai, Name of a forest.

vJj daf, Name of a single drum (i.e. with
only one skin), a cymbal, tambour de
basque ; — daf zadan, To beat the tambour,
i.e. to want, ask, beg.

a sJ*> daff, The side, the surface of a
thing ; — daff, duff, A drum.

a^jUj dafdtir (pi. of da/tar), Books, re-
gisters ; volumes.

a glkJ difd' (v.n. 3 of 2*<>), Spuming,
driving away; delaying in paying a debt
or obligation ; — daffii', One who repels with
violence ; one who defends his rights ; —
duff a', A great current of water, a surge,
billow, wave.

a yiUo daf&'in (pi. of dafinat), Con-
cealed, kept close (women) ; things buried
or hidden ; treasures.

a iiJ daffat, A page ; either side of any-
thing.

a yJj daftar, A book, record, register,
journal ; a roll, list, catalogue, inventory,
account-book, index; a bundle of papers
or written documents tied together in a
cloth; — daftari abicdbu 't-tahuril, Register
of household expenses ; — daftari abicdbu 'I-
tndljctegiaterot th e public revenues; — daftari
a'miiJ, Book of life; — daftar andar-shikaa-
tan, To make a register; — daftar shikastan
To turn down the leaf of a book ; — daftari
qdzi, (met.) The tripe -—daftar kardan, To
enroll, put down in a list, make an inven-
tory ; — daftari parln-rd (dafiar-ra) gov
khw'ard, The accounts are settled ; — daftari
makJilvd, A perpetual record ; — daftari
mauqufat, Chamber of accounts ; — daftari
namadi (nemadin), (met.) Illusory work,
anything futile or inane.

Ut^iJ (

a oil' daftar-drdy, Adorning a book.

a Ai» jilj daf tar-band, A filer of records ;
an office-keeper ; a book-binder.

a i^-yiii daftarcha, A small book, a book-
let, &c.

a&U-yaj daftar-khana. A public office
where they keep the archives, with a parti-
cular register of tbe royal pensions and
donations; the record-office ; an office,
counting-house.

i EAj^lJ daftar-kharch, Office-charges.

d y<> jti'i daftar-dar, High treasurer, in-
tendant of the finances, chancellor of the
exchequer ; keeper of records ; — daftar-
ddri sultan, High treasurer of the Sultan
or king ; Custos Rotulorum of the Privy
Domain (m.c).

a daftar-nigdr, Who keeps an ac-

count. book, a book-keeper, a registrar.

« (_r*y y*J daftar-na.wis A clerk, regis-
trar.

a tsjs»J daftari, An office-keeper.

dafta, daftin, A weaver's comb.

dafti, (^iJ daftin (probably for A.
daffatain), The sides or boards (of the
binding of a book) ; pasteboard.

AjiJ dafr (v,n.), Stinking; offensive
smell from the arm-pits; — dafar, The
breeding of worms in meat from putrefac-
tion,

vs3^1-i dafzak, Thick, gross, fat.

jL, ejj dqf-saz, A drummer.

A £iJ daf (v.n.), Pushing, thrusting,
driving away, beating off, parrying, repel-
ling, averting, warding off; repulse; — daf'
andakhtan, To drive off, postpone ; — daf'i
'atash, Slaking thirst ; — dafi gham hardan,
To drive off care ; — daf hardan, To eva-
cuate.

a «uUij dafa'at (pi. of the following),
Times, instants.

a daf at, daf a, A race, a heat ; one
time, once; a moment, an instant; [daf-
'atan. Suddenly ; — daf'a ba-daf'a, From
time to time, repeatedly ;] — dufa, A rush
of water ; a rain-pour.

a )\j AniJ d-afa dar, A subaltern officer
of cavalry ; a head peon.

a <_5«iJ dafe, Then, immediately ; again.

a (3iJ dafq (v.n.), Pouring out (water).

tieUs> dafak, A butt or mark for archers.

ytiiJ daf-kash, A little window or peep-
hole in a woman's apartment.

a JlJ difl, Jjlj-J difld, A certain poisonous
plant called in Persian khar-zahra.

Ali»> dafta, A small tambourine.

a yiJ dafn (v.n.) Hiding under ground,
inferring, burying ; [dafn hiidan, To be
buried ; — dafn kardan (namiidan), To
bury ;] — difn, Name of a place.

j\y daf-nawdz, A drummer, a player
on the tambourine.

dafn-uk, dafanuk, A saddle-cloth
of eilk intermixed with gold ; an iron mace,

529 ) ^

a club (= jsU»- q.v., this meaning doubt-
ful).

pjj* iLio daf'da kardan, To march past,
to file off (m.c. from French defiler).

dajln, <u**o dafina, Hid, buried under
ground; a buried treasure; a concealed
well, fountain, or cistern ; a latent disease.

J>J daq, A coarse dervish's garment ;
begging, mendicity; a bald head; a kind
of costly stuff ; contradiction, opposition ;
— daq az dil-bar, A certain wrestling-trick;
— daq zadan (kardan), To beg ; — daq girif.
tan, To reproach, vilify.

A j J daqq, in P. mostly daq (v.n.),
Bruising, pounding small, braying (in a
mortar) ; [daqi bdb kardan, To knock at
the door or gate ; — daq u laq kardan, To
make a brawling noise;] — diqq, Subtile,
minute, slender ; a hectic fever, consump-
tion, atrophy ; teasing, trouble ; small
wood ; chips.

A jUj diqdq, Chips, laths ; — duqdq, Mi-
nute, small; — daqqdq, A mealman; a fuller.

a duqdqat, Bruised rice ; — daqqdqat,
A peatle for bruising rice.

a ^ji^iJ daqqdqi, Fulling; — daqdqi kar-
dan, To thump, pound ; to full.

A cJjUj daqd'iq (pi. of daqiqat), Subtil-
ties, smaller particulars, minutiae ; minutes,
moments ; meals, flours.

A diqqat (v.n. of J>>), Being fine,
minute (as dust or flour) ; slenderness,
delicacy, exility; a subtile or minute
thing ; abstrusity, difficulty, nicety ; punc-
tuality, accuracy ; — duqqat, Small dust
carried away by the wind ; pounded salt
or seasoning; elegance, comeliness, beauty.

a fej utJ>.i diqqat-pasand, Liking subtil-
ties or difficulties.

a )ta j>> diqq-ddr, Troublesome, teasing.
a diqq-ddri, Trouble, vexation.

a yyUMaiJ daqtamdnun (G\ Siktcluvov),
Wild mint.

a £iJ daqa' (v n. of Being contented
though indigent, bearing the trials of life
without complaining; being prostrate,
cleaving to the ground; fretting under
poverty.

a Jsj daqal, A palm-tree loaded with
fruit ; a bad kiud of dates ; the mast of a
ship.

a jlj jj daq u laq (for P. «*U } d J q.v.),
Dry; empty; an extensive uncultivated
plain ; a bald head. (See also daq u laq
kardan under A. jo).

A ijhi'i daqiq, Subtiie, minute, abstruse ;
fine, slim, slender ; trifling ; flour ; — su'dli
daqiq, A subtle question.

a ia-io daqiqat, daqiqa, Subtile; a trifle,
anything minute ; a minute, a moment ;
the sixtieth part of an astronomical de-
gree ; a sheep.

a daqiqu-yab, Discovering subtil-

ties.

^ju ( 530 ) ^

a o 5 ** 0 daqiqi, Name of a Persian poet,
a thousand of whose verses have been em-
bodied by Firdausi in his Shah-nama.

dak, A part, portion ; measure, de-
cree ; a beggar; beggary; strengthened,
firm, fortified, strong ; blow, collision,
shock, or bruise ; the head ; a bald head ;
a barren mountain ; a desert without vege-
tation ; hard ground; a leafless tree; foun-
dation of a wall ; [dak zadan, To beg;] —
dik, A word used in calling a cock ; — duk
(for duk), A spindle (unsupported by ex-
amples).

a >*)j dakk (v.n.), Bruising, braying,
grinding; levelling; level ground; — dukk,
A hill, a low mountain ; broad-backed
(horses) ; hump-less (she-camels).

a £V£>> dukd', A disease incident to the
chest of camels and horses.

a (^eSKs dakdkin (pi. of dukkdn), Shops.

a (;)tfo dukkan, in P. dukan, A shop ;
a workshop ; moss or soft excrescences
upon trees; fuel; — dukan dwdra kardan,
To demolish a (wine-) shop ; — dukan,
bat kardan, To open a shop ; — dukan
bald giriftan, To set up or fit out a
shop ; — dukan ba-duldb gashtan, To trade
with another's capital ; — dukan bar chidan
(chidan), To expose one's goods one by
one, separately; — dukan bastan (iakhta-
band kardan), To shut up ; — dukan dar ru
uftadan, The shop breaks down ; — dukan
garddndan, To drive a brisk trade ; — dukan
gird awardan, To produce one's goods one
after the other ;~-dukdn gardidan, The
trade flourishes; — dukan giriftan, To lay
out a shop ; — dukan garm sakhtan, To drive
a brisk trade ; — dukan kuskddan (gusha-
dan), To open a shop ; —dukan kashidan
(nihadan), To lay out a shop; — dukan wd-
kardan, To open a shop.

a dukan-drdy, Adorning the

shop ; a shop-keeper ; one who praises up
bis goods.

a dukoLn-drd'l, Shop-keeping ;

enticing buyers by extolling one's goods.

a &^ts»> dukdncha, A little shop ; a bench
or counter in front of a shop for exposing
goods.

a £*i\£<i dukan-dar, A shop-keeper.

a ytfj duk&n-d&ri, Shop-keeping;

assertion, persuasion, flattery.

a dahkat, A bench, counter for sitting
upon ; level sand.

jj^j dukchi, dukuchl, A ball of thread
on the spindle.

«s!.i£j dakdak, Chattering of the teeth.

e dakrt, Decree.

«jj dak-%ada, One who has shaved off
his beard, whiskers, eye-brows and eye-
lashes.

a dak', Suffering from an illness of

the chest (of camels and horses).

Jf-J dakal, One. whose beard is not yet

grown, and whose hands and feet are large
and coarse.

yifj dukldn, A cotton-spinning instru-
ment; a spindle.

*liJ dakla, A kind of garment.

A ijtj dakan (v.n.), Inclining to black
(colour).

dakan, Highest point of a mountain.

h dakan (S. dakahina), The south;
the Deccan.

1»a£>> dakniyd (in Zand and Pazand), A
palm-tree.

(jj^iij dakaniyan, The people of the Dec-
can).

dak u dim, Head and face.

utU j «±)j dak u lak, Dry ; empty ; a de-
sert ; a bald head.

*Sj duka (in Zand and Pazand), A prison.

ASj dakka, A mountain- goat.

h dakhan (S. dakshina), The south ;
the southern part of the peninsula of Hin-
dustan, the Deccan (see (j^ 1 ).

dakyd (Zand and Pazand), I may
become pure.

^Ij^o digdigl, A saddle-cloth.

jfj digar, Another, &c. (=j£jj q.v.) ;—
digar bar (bdra), At another time; ouce
more ; — digar ron, Yesterday ; — digar rah,
Another time, again, once more ; — digar
shah. The other night; yesternight; — digar
ahndan, To alter, become changed.

gjS jS^ digar-gun, digar-giina,
Changed, altered, varied; inverted; chan-
ging colour.

jUi jfj digar-namdx, Evening prayer.

JSj dagal, A youth capricious, proud,
and perverse; one whose feet are large
and coarse ; roguery, deceit ; base coin.

t dagal, A mast, yard, yard-arm
(m.c).

&*Sj dugma, A coat-button.

h if- 1 daga, A collision, a shock.

J J dil, The heart, mind, soul; marrow;
pith of a tree ; trunk of a tree ; the centre ;
the eye ; an enigma ; reversed (probably
taken in imitation of A. qalb, which baa
the meanings of " heart " and " inver-
sion ") ; [dil db dddan, To take pleasure
in, to enjoy ; — dil as jdn bar-ddshtan (bar-
giriftan), To renounce life ; to despair; —
dil an jay burdan,1o lose one's senses from
fear; to despond; — dil ax dad dddan, to
lose courage ; — dili dsmdn, Mid-heaven ; a
star; the earth; — dil anddkhtan, To be-
come disheartened j — dil ba-daryd anddkh-
tan {kardan), To undertake a dangerous feat,
to risk one's life; — dil ba-dil, Mutual love,
interchange of hearls ; — dil bar jay dash-
tan, To persevere, to persist ; — dil bar-
ddshtan, To renounce; — dil bar sari eabdn
ddshtan, To carry one's heart on one's
sleeve (lit. on the tip of the tongue), to tel!
Ml that passes through one's mind; — dil
bar-kandan (bar-giriftan), To renounce;—

( 531

dil ba-riiy dawidan, To shed bitter tears; —
dil bastan ba- (dar) chize, To bend one's
heart upon a thing ; — dil ba-sad jd raftan,
To be full of suspicion ; — dil pur biidan
(shudan), To be satiated with a thing, to
loathe; — dil tdftan, To turn the heart
from, to renounce ; — dil tahi kardan, To
pour out one's heart, to make a clean
breast of it ;— dili iegh, The middle part of
the sword ; — dil justan, To find, i.e. please,
the heart ; to be agreeable ; — dili khdk,
Heart of the earth ; the grave ; an ox ; a
fish ; prophets ; holy men of God ; — dil khdli
kardan, = dil tahl kardan, q.v. ; — dil khd'l-
dan (kjiwurdan), To consume one's heart in
grief; — dil khunuk kardan, To become
frozen, chilled; — dildddan^o inspire with
tourage, to hearten ; to fall in love with ;
to allow, permit, give leave ; — dil dar garl-
bdn afgandan, To put a (lamb's) heart into
the shirt of a child (believed to soften its
character) ; — dil daryd kardan, To be liberal
beyond one's means ; — dil dil kardan, To
be perplexed, or restless ; — dil dokhtan ba,
To beud the heart upon; — dil daundan,
The heart goes out to one, becomes ena-
moured with; — dili dawida, A wistful or
yearning heart;— dili roz, Mid-day; the
sun ; — dil zadan (zada shudan) az chize, dil
sard shudan az, To be satiated with, to
become averse to, to loathe ; — dili zamln,
The grave ; — dili sang, A mine ; a mountain
cave ; a heart like stone ; — dili shab, Mid-
night; — dil-ash dard na-kard, He Aid not
care, he had no pity or compassion ; — dil-
ash shikast bar, He was afraid of, he feared
from ; — dil ?aid shudan, The heart is caught
in the trammels of love ; — dil taq kardan,
To call oft the affections from surrounding
objects ; — dilkardan (kaehidan), To desire ;
— dili kase ba-dast dwardan. To accept
one's heart, to return one's love ; — dil
ka'ba kardan, To implore the heart; —
dil girdn gardad, The heart grows heavy ;
— dil garddnldan (gusistaii), To renounce ;
— dil giriftan, To be sick, nauseate, have
heartburn ; — dil garm kardan, To be in
love ; — dil larzidan bar, To be enamoured
with ; to grieve over ; to feel kindly for ;
— dil-am ndyad (for na-dyad), My heart
will not allow me, I do not feel inclined ; —
dil namiidan, To show humanity ; — dil ni-
hddan, To set one's heart upon ; — dil ujdn,
Heart and soul ; (met.) tooth and nail ; —
dil u jdni, Heartily ;■ — dil u damagk, Am-
bition, pride, stateliness ; — dil u din zadan.
To strike at one's heart and faith ; — dil u
zabdn yaki ast, He speaks as he thinks, he
is no hypocrite or dissembler ; — dil yaki
kardan, To make two persons to agree ; —
tiiishin-dil, Of an ardent heart ; — ba jan n
dil, With soul and heart ; — dar dil umadan,
To occur to the mind ;] — dul, An abscess
in the bowels produced by constipation.

)

A J«* dall (v.n.), Guiding, directing.
x 3^ daladil (pi. of duldul, Porcupines.
j2j dildd.A son-in-law, &c. (= oU\o q.v.,
but doubtful).

\jT J-> dil-drd, Beloved ; a sweetheart ;
name of the wife of Dara, and mother of
Keshan g (Roxana).

l*Vi J J dil-arCvm, Quieting the mind ;
heart-approving; a lovely woman, sweet-
heart ; anything admired or wished for; —
kanlzi dil- dram, A charming girl.

J dil-azdr, Heart-tormenting, cruel ;—
raglbi dil-azdr, A cruel rival.

<v*i) <i~»o j\ Jo dil az dost rafta, vJtfjl J J
»«>\j dil as leaf ddda, In love, bereft of
reason.

dil-dsd, Mind-assuaging, soothing ;
encouragement.

^USj dil~dsd'i. Consolation, encourage-
ment ; — dil-asd'i kardan, To console.

s^jA-Ij dil-dshub, Beloved, longed for ;
a tree whose seed is good for the dropsy,
the shrub Agnus castus.

SjUll J«> dil-uftdda, Low-spirited, dis-
heartened.

J j dil-afgar, Heart- sore, heart-
broken.

i jWj dalldk, A waiter at baths; a barber.

t\S"i^ dil-dgdh, Prudent ; vigilant, provi-
dent ; — shahi dil-dgdh, A wise king.

a jQ-i daildki, Relating or belonging to
a barber ; — UgKi daildki, A barber's sword,
i.e. a razor.

i J2j tW&l, in P. also &ildl, An amo-
rous glance ; coquetry, ogling ; the eye ; the
eye- brow ; — dalldl, An auctioneer, broker ;
a road-guide.

a Si j daldlat, Direction, guide, mark,
indication, expression; — daldlat, dildlat,
Brokerage ; the business of a broker or
auctioneer,

a aJSj dalldla, A female guide, a bawd ;
Delilah ; (met.) an informer, slanderer.

a dalldll, Brokerage ; — dalldli, iar-
dan, To act as a broker.

f«j*» dildm, A short spear; — duldm, A
twist, contortion (doubtful word) .

J J dil-anjdm, What fulfils the
heart' 8 wish.

yU^&y dil-angezan, A musical note.
dil-dwar, Bold, warlike, brave.

<j;)!!j dil-dwari, Valour, bravery.

dil-dwez, Heart-ravishing, suspend-
ing the soul (with delight) ; fragrant.

a JJSj dald'il (pi. of dalil), Arguments,
demonstrations, indications.

a s-S-J dulb, A plane-tree.

<wsA} Jj dil-bdkhta, Timid, cowardly ; a
sincere lover.

jWl J dil-bdz, Eloquent ; verbose ; a jug-
gler.

^iVjJj dil-bdzi, Rashness.
yA* dil-bar, Heart-ravishing ; a lovely
woman, a sweetheart.

^Jj ( 532

*Jj dil-bari, Captivation of the heart ;

)

comfort, pacification.

j_jS.s_.Jo dil-bastagl, Attachment, friend-
ship, love ; anguish.

to~«.!o dil-basta, In love, earnest ; afflic-
ted ; addicted.

.u--Jo dil-band, Attractive, lovely ; a
beloved child ; the bowels ; — dulband, A
turban, tiara, hat.

A daJbuis, dalabus, A species of

lily.

^•Vrf J<> dil-bidar, Whose heart is awake.
dil-pazir, Q-rateful to the soul ;
agreeable ; amiable ; soothing ; acceptable ;
good.

iS"A J J dil-pursi, Inquiry after one's
state or condition.

a u«Jj dil-pasand, Agreeable, pleasing,
eu gaging; esteemed.

J J dil-pesha, Silence.

»a£uJo dil-tang, Distressed, sad, mourn-
ful.

a ^Jj dalaj, The journey made during
the hrst watch of the night.

jt^Jj dil-ju (jo), Agreeable, desirable.

a i^Jo dulja, The journey made during
the first watch of the night.

<_5»y^Sj dil-ju'i (jo'i). Comfort, satisfac-
tion.

\ J>> dil-chasp, Beloved, pleasant.
4_5^ dil-chali, Bravery, resolution.
)1K J J dil-chor, Inattentive; timid.
a £-5o dalakh (v.n.), Being fat; fatness.

dil-khardsh, Horrible, heart-
rending.

*j~«sJ«> dil-khasfa, Afflicted, love-sick.

^-.^jaib dil-kJiwdtta, Heart's desire.

irtjaUo dil-khu'tlh. What one likes or longs
for, heart's desire ; a beloved object ; a
wager, stake.

jjjfcJ^ dil-khwar, Afflicted, sorrowful,
grieved.

^yaJj dil-Jchpueh, Contented, cheerful,
glad.

^SyasJo dil.-khpusM, Joy, glee, cheerful-
ness ; — dil-khwusM dadan (Jcardan), To
console, cheer.

OjaUo dil-khiin, Desirous, wistful ; de-
serted.

t o\o!o dil-ddda, Who has given his heart.

j^J dil-ddr, Heart-holding ; a mistress,
lover ; — dil-dari pari-rukksdr, A lovely
woman with the cheeks of an angel (or
fairy).

jjj^J dil-ddri, Demonstrations of love ;
comfort, consolation.

jjaSj dil-duzd, Who steals hearts.
JaSo dildil, A groan.

a JaIo duldul, Name of Ali's mule ; a
porcupine.

yluCJo Jo dil dil hundn, Sighing; irre-
solute.

j^oJo dil-doZi Heart-piercing; beloved,
longed for.

<<*lo dil-dih, Hearty, earnest, zealous,
^jfc^o dil-dihi, Heartiness, earnestness.
dil-rubd, dil-rubily, Heai't-

ravishing; a beloved object.

dil-rafta, Heartless, faint-hearted,
u-?^ dil-resk, Heart-wounded; a lover.
(__-*->^o dil-reshi, Afflictiou.
«_jj»>) Jo dil-ziddy, Agreeable ; desired,
longed for.

aoij Jo dil-zinda, Of a wakeful mind ;
wise.

a <j~So dalas, Darkness ; darkness within
darkness; vegetation, growth at the end
of summer ; deceit, fraud, fallacy.

jUJo dil-sdz, Pleasing the heart, de-
lightful.

^jLJo dil-sdzf, Ardour.

yU-Jo dil-satdn, Heart-stealing, ravish-
ing.

Oj-Jo dilsard, Cold-hearted.

i^ij-. Jo dil-sokjita, Afflicted.

3j-Jo dil-soz, Heart-burning, heart-iu-
flaming ; a sweetheart; affecting, moving;
compassionate, benevolent.

J)y Jo dilsozagi, Compassionate attach-
ment ; ardour, fervour.

J*> dil-stozi, Compassion.

oLiJo dil-shdd, Happy, contented, glad ;
gladness; a gift ; resolution.

^fjA Jo dit-shitdagi, Stupidity, insanity.

So-Jo dil-shuda, Bereft of reason ; iu
love.

uilSA Jo dil-shikdf, Cleaving the heart,
heart-tormenting, cruel ; agreeable, longed
for.

^Sx—iAJo dil-shikastagi, Broken-hearted,
ness.

<u_<Ji.!o dil-shikasta, Heart-broken.

Jo dil-shikan, Heart-breaking.
d^iS-Jo dil-shigvjta, Of expanded heart.
a dalz (v.n.), Striking on the breast;
striking ; burning.

a dal 1 (v.n.), Lolling out the tongue.
A <-a)o dalf, dalaj, = <-*Jj q.v.

dilf, A plane-tree (unsupported, but
see s-!o).

jjijAJj dil-furoz, Heart-cheering, delight-
ful.

J J dil-firo-gir, A resting-place for
the heart.

voydo dil-firlb, Heart-alluring, charming.

O *iyi3o dil-firibl, Attraction, loveliness.

jt£i!o dil-figdr, Melancholy, splenetic,
mournful, thoughtful, pensive ; an epithet
of a lover (see jVSrt J-J).

^V&llo dil-figdri, Melancholy, spleen.

w Ji)o dulfiit (G. S€A</hj'), The dolphin,
which, according to old Persian writers, is
ever attentive to the saving of men when
in danger of drowning.

iji-y dalq. Bad, naught, worthless.

a ,3io dalaq (for P. data), The hay-
weasel; a coat made of its fur ; a dervish's
habit.

^4

( 538 )

J*

a (3^° dalaq-posh. Clad in shreds and
patches ; a dervish, a hermit.

a (^y* J J dil-qawi, Confidence.

AuiiJj dalk (v.n.), Rubbing (anything);
giving a rub ; (met,) teaching experience.

ij&t diUkada, Abode of the heart.

dil-kash, Heart-attracting, amiable;
chosen, approved of, beloved; delicious;
pleasant ; — khuh u dil-kash, Beautiful and
attractive.

^ J>> dil-kushd, ^jl&i Jj dil-kuehdy, Ex-
hilarating, rejoicing; a sweetheart; — dar
bdjfM dil-kushdij, In a, pleasant garden.

(j^Jj dil-kashl, Agreeableness, pleasant-
ness.

J J dil-kob, Heart-tormenting; cruel,

(=jtyi J J q- v -)-

dil-kur, Blind-hearted.
»*SJi> dalag, An obole (probably misread-
ing for isiilo q-v.).

J*> dil-guddz, Heart-melting.
dalgar, Meat sticking to the bottom
of a pot.

0^ J 1 * dil-girdn, Heavy-hearted, dis-
pleased.

<J}/ Jj dil-gira.nl, Displeasure ; heavi-
ness.

Jo dil-girifta, Heavy-hearted, dis-
pleased .

I»^3j dil-garwi, Warm-hearted, brave, full
of desire, animated.

dil-garmi, Friendship, warmth.

J-i dil-gusil, Heart-breaking, pain-
ful; broken-hearted; changing one's mind.

^ J>> dil-gushd, J- 5 dil-gushay, Ex-
hilarating, &c. (see Jj).

dil-gir, Seizing the heart, terrifying,
tilling with horror or anguish ; abhorring ;
melancholy, sad, afflicted, low-spirited,
grieved; soothing, conciliating.

^yaSIj dil-glri, Aversion, horror, indig-
nation ; affliction; — dil-giri'i hawd, Mi-
asma,.

dulum, A pimple, a pustule.

v>U3j dilmdb, Milk thickened by boiling,
and ©aten with honey or sugar.

^•liUio dil-mandagl, Sorrow, grief, afflic-
tion,

sj^UIj dil-mdnda, Sorrowful ; indis-
posed.

ufjy* dil-murdagl, Slowness or dead-
ness of heart, dulness of comprehension.

6j r* J- 4 dilmurda, Dead-hearted, dull,
Btupid.

dil-mashghuli, Heart-ache,

anxiety.

•aUSj dalamak, New cheese; — dulmak, A
tarantula.

J*!j dulmul, Unripe grain ; vetches or
pulse in the pod.

dalama, New cheese ■,—dulma, A
tarantula.

j^-fcJj dil-nishln, Agreeable, pleasing ; a
heart, at ease.

hCJj dalang, An embankment of twigs,
earth, and stones; a short spear; a hoe,
mattock, pickaxe ; the snathe in which
dates are enveloped; — dalang, dilang, Sus-
pended.

y\£Jj dalingdn. Hung, suspended.
y^yCJj dil-nigardn, Sorrowful.

Jj dil-nigardni, Sorrow.
^Sjj^jJj dil-namudagl, Display of the
heart.

^yJo dil-nawdz, Soothing ; gracious ; a
mistress.

sj^Jj dil-nawdza, Blandishment; — dil-
nawdza kardan, To soothe, caress, flatter.

a Jj dil-nih, One who fixes his heart.
J j dil-nihdd, Attention.

^ Jj dil-nihi, Fixedness of heart.

a fl-i dalw (v.n.), Letting down (a
bucket) into a well; a bucket, urn; the
sign Aquarius ; a mark burnt upon camels ;
hardship, calamity ; the hopper of a mill.

dalwd, Pendulous, inverted ; asto-
nished (= q-v.).

(j—'^} dil-wdpasi, Horae-sir.kness.

j^jio dilwdr, jjl>> dilwar, Bold, courageous.
dil-waz, Pleasant, agreeable (rn.c,
probably misprint for j^J).

a daluh, (A cloud) big with rain.

a daluk, Anything with which the
body ia rubbed (as oil or odours) ; — ■dnlfik
(v.n. of u£VSj), Sloping westward, setting
(the sun).

&Sj data, A weasel, fitchet, or stote ; a
coarse dervish's habit ; a sly, deceitful
woman, a coquette; — dila, The heart; —
dalla, The ermine; fraud, treachery ; false,
insincere ; a whirlwind.

a i±A^o dilhds, A lion ; a strong, bold
man,

1^,1 o dilhira, dilha.ro , Name of a king of
India (corruption of for Prakr. bala-
hirda).

dill, Belonging to the heart ; hearty ;
cardiac; — dill, dilll, The city of Delhi.
sj^Jj dalida, Coarsely-ground (grain).
;s3j dilir, Brave, intrepid; audacious,
fearless, insolent, bold ; — dilir gardanidan,
To impeach, indict, arraign ; to convict.

dilir-afgan, Overthrower of the

brave.

ij^Jj dilirdna, Heroically, insolently.

^jjJj diliri, Valour, courage ; hardihood ;
— diliri kardan, To be brave, to show
valour, courage, or hardihood.

j_ <^sjji^ diliri- mr-dmad, Of accom-
plished bravery.

A dallf (v.n. of <-AJj), Going with a
slow step (an old man) ; a slow pace ; the
step of an old man; advancing (an army),
going before, marching in front.

■aillj dallk, Seed of roses.

A ,J-Jj dalil, A guide, director.

a ^jUj dalili, Argumentative ; a good
arguer.

( 584 )

dalinis (Qt. T*XXCvrf), A kind of

shell-fish.

f •> dam, Breath ; air ; life ; scent, smell,
fume ; breath of an oven ; the mouth of a
stove of a hot bath ; bellows ; goldsmith's
bellows ; the stewing over a slow fire ; hot,
fiery, fervid j pride, haughtiness ; ambi-
tion, fraud ; black blood ; cheerfulness,
pleasure, recreation ; society (as breathing
together) ; a groan, sigh, exclamation, fie !
time, season, hour, moment ; poetical
metre ; incantatory verses ; a draught of
water ; edge (of a sword) ; point (of a
spear) ; a fish-bone ; an apparition ; a crow,
raven ; the mouth ; [dami db, A little
water, a draught ; — dami dtish-fishdn, A
hot breath ; pride ; — dam ba-khwud kardan,
To keep silent ; — dam ba-dam db khwurdan,
To Bip up water ; — dam bar-dmadan, Breath
iB exhaled ; — dam bar-anddkhtan. To ha-
rass; — dam bar-dwardan, To draw breath,
to breathe ; — dam bar-zadan, To take
breath, to rest; — dam bar kdr kardan, To
deceive ; — dam bastan, — dam giriftan, q.v.
below ; — dam ba-shumdr uftddan. To be
in the agonies of death ; — dam ba-gvftar
zadan, To talk ; — dami taslim, The time of
death ; silence ; resignation, obedience ; —
dami khurram. A day of festivity ; — dami
khwud ba-kase sipurdan, To charge another
with one's last will on dying ; — dam
khwurdan, To be cheated ; to rest, repose ;
— dam dadan, To deceive ; — dam dar-kashi-
dan, To become silent ; — dam ttadan, To
breathe ; to keep silence ; to hesitate ; to
leave ; to escape ; to boast, pretend unto ;
to sprinkle ; — dami sard, A cold sigh ; a
sigh of despair; — dami ehdm, Evening-
tide ; — dam shumardan, To pass life ; —
dami snbh, The early dawn ; morning-tide ;
— dami 'isd, The breath of Jesus, whereby
he resuscitated the dead; — damftro bastan.
To retain the breath ; to be silent dam
pro raftan, Breath is inhaled ; (met.) to be
sad ; — dami qalam. The scratching of a
pen ; — dami karam bar kdr kardan, To show
generosity ; — dam kaehidan, To breathe ; to
gasp ; to be idle or unemployed ; — dam
giriftan, To retain the breath ; to confine
the air; to be suffocated, to keep silence ;
to wait, halt ; to quit ; to become putrid
from the unwholesomeness or stagnation of
the air ; to be corrupted (in mind or body) ;
— dam girifta sdkhtan (mdnda kardan), To
harass ; — dami garibdn, The upper hem of
a collar or shirt; — dami naqd^ Ready (as
dinner) ; — dam nigahddr, Do not say a
word ; — dami nim-soz (sinjdbi), The sigh of
one in pain ; — dami wd-pasin, The last
breath ; — khu>ush-dam t Happy, glad, de-
lighted ; — dar dami azkdahd, Engulfed by
the dragon ; eclipsed (as the moon) ; — har
dam, Every moment, continually ; — har
dam M, As often aa ; — har dam tdza, Ever

fresh, ever verdant ;] — dum, The tail ; end,
extremity; a rudder; dry dung used as
fuel ; a felon, sore ; — dumi hhar paimudan,
To measure the tail of an ass, i.e. to do
anything silly or ridiculous ; — dumi gdv,
An ox's tail ; a scourge, lash ; a brazen
trumpet ; — dumi gurg. Name of a constella-
tion ; twilight or false dawn ; — dumi gurg
bar pd'i mesh bastan, Said when a weak
person revenges himself on a powerful
one.

a dam, Blood ; — damm (v.n.), Plaster-
ing (a house).

damd, Breath ; — dima (in Zand and
Pazand), The channel of a river; tempera-
ment, constitution.

a "^"i dima' (pi. of fO), Streams of blood,
lives.

j»^*<> damd-bar, Asthmatic, short-breatbed
(see

^5*1 l»J dam-dbi, One draught of water.
A fc^>> dumakh, A kind of Arabian

game.

(.jUo dam-d-dam, Now and then, fre
quently, from time to time ; at any mo
ment ; — dum-d-dum, Step by step.

jl*^> damdr. The necessaries of life
breath ; smoke ; revenge ; perdition ; a
fixed residence ; — damdr dwardan (andar-
dwardan, bar-dwardan) a», To destroy,
annihilate, kill ; to take revenge.

Aj Uj damdr (v.n. of ^«j), Destroying;
ruin, destruction, perdition.

a dumd', dummd\ Water flowing
from the eye (by disease or old age) ; water
that flows from the vine in spring.

a £Uj dimdgh, in P. damdgh, The brains ;
the palate ; the nose ; pride, haughtiness,
consequential airs; drunkenness; wish,
desire ; — damdgh drayish dddan, To ine-
briate, to intoxicate ; — damdgh bald bur-
dan, To display pride ; — damdgh bald
raftan, To become proud ; — damdgh pujch-
tan, To be very sad ; — damdghi tar,
Sane brains ; — damdgh duzdidan, To be
averse ; to be peevish ; — damdgh rasdn-
dan, To intoxicate ; — damdgh rasidan, To
become drunk ; — damdgh sokhtan, To
grieve very much ;— -damdgh shusian, To
clear the brain, to drive away whims ; —
damdgh faroihtan, To display pride ; — da-
mdgh giriftan. To be averse ; to be peevish ;
— chi dar damdgh ddrad, What does he
think? — dar damdgh dmadan (ddshtan),
To display pride.

a ^s^ J dimdgh-ddri, .Madness.

ifcUj dumdgha, The crest of a falcon or
similar bird; a cape, promontory (m.c.) ;
the bow of a ship (m.c, see ££Uj).

a (jfc^J damdghi, Vain, frivolous, proud.

a JW damdl, Decaying (buds, flowers,
and incipient fruit (of dates) ; dung.

JUj dumdl, dummdl, A sore boil ; a tail.

&»W damdma, A small drum or trumpet ;

Uj ( 535 ) caUj

—damdma nawafclitan, To blow the trum-
pet.

J*"L*>> damamil (pi. of dumrnal), Boils,
pimples.

(j)**Uj damdmin, Name of a village in
Egypt.

a^J daman, Swift, making haste ; power-
ful, strong, terrible; a powerful assault;
time, season ; shouts ( of joy or anger) ;
haste ; women ; cries for help ; — plli daman,
A terror-striking elephant.

a yUj daman, Rottenness of tbe palm-
tree, with cracks and blackness; dung;
ashes.

isiiUj damanak, A blunderbuss, carbine.
<J£ <jW daman-hath, Time, season,
space.

jj^*-> dam-dwar, Asthmatic,

>**jUj damawand, Name of a mountain
near Hamadan ; also of a city near the
same.

•j&M fj> dam-dhang, Breathing violently,
casting a fiery breath.
jt^S f»J dam-akanj, Short-winded, pursy.

dumdya, The cream of milk.
s~»J dumb, The tail.

3^ (»j dam-ban, Coaxer, wheedler, de-
ceiver.

(j^W (»•> dam-bdzi, Flattery, adulation,
deceit.

JW-J dumbdl, A tail; a man's back; —
dumbdli ehaahm, The corner of the eye.

cicw» ba-dam, From moment to mo-
ment, now and then, frequently.
i^iji |»j dum-burtda, Docked.
te i^j dam-baata, BreathlesB ; amazed.
•i^J damb-band, An alembic.

dumba, A sheep's tail, &c. (= <M>>

q.r).

y*»J dump, Tbe tail.

o-** |»^> dam-pukht, A kind of pilaw.

dum-palang, An active soldier.

<Aw dumtak, A water- wagtail.

a t±~o damas (v.n.), Being soft and level
(a sandy place) ; softness ; evenness ; —
damis, A soft, sandy place.

j^yj dam-char, Exhalation of anything
odoriferous ; appearance of colour ; smoke,
and its smell.

flyo dam-ehdm, Smoke ; smell of smoke.

<W>> dumcka, A small tail (of a bird),
the "rump ; peacock's train ; the end of
anything; a fly -flap of horses' tails ; a little
stalk ; a wicker basket ; sweepings ; trefoil.

u^*>> dumcM, A crupper.

a (fii damiA (v.n.), Being high, lofty ;
breaking the head; name of a mountain.

y-j-ji* J damhlymiwas, Name of the mer-
chant who abducted 'Azra.

dam-dar, Elastic ; — durn-ddr,
Tailed, possessing a tail ; holding the tail,
coming behind ; the rear-guard, camp-
followers ; an agreement, condition ; —
iitdra'i dum-ddr, A comet.

dum-dardz, Long-tailed.
a damdama, Tumult, disturbance,

clamour ; fame, rumour, renown ; fraud,
deceit ; a drum ; a mound, eminence,
raised battery; — damdama afgandan, To
devise a stratagem ; to deceive.

damdamyd (in Zand and PSzand),

The sea.

J^A/»o damdul, A potter.

y-i damar, A lying on the face ; one who
lies on the face, prostrate.

S-V>V- ( } ) damar (w) Ukwdbiia, Pros-
trate.

yi damz, A tambourine.

BJj dum-md-a, Docked.

a dams (v.n.), Suppressing (news) ;
hiding, concealing; burying in the ground,
interring.

dam-adz, A friend, confidant, com-
panion, or consort ; agreeing, consenting ;
harmonious, singing, reciting together ; —
naghma'i dam-adz, Musical harmony.

^jjl—^j dam-adxi, Intimacy, confidence.

g\ — *6 dam-*dn, A confidant ; agreeing.

jy. dam-aard, An unimpressive talker.

a <J — <»o dimsaq, — P. <s— ««J q.v.

vsX^e-i — *j damaanjak, «,> dumtinja, A
kind of swallow or swift ; a bird, which
when once on ' the ground is said to be
unable to rise again.

4— <*•> dimsa, White silk.

dum-siydh, Black-tailed (m.c.).

4**—" »J dumslja, — * J dumeicha, A
wagtail.

u^-j damish, A breathing, blowing;
assault ; boast ; eruption, efflorescence ;
the marrow of a tree ; the middle of any-
thing ; — dumuah, Rust ; curly hair.

A damehaq, dimshaq, ditwhiq, Swift

of foot; — damshaqu 'l-yadain, Dexterous,
expeditious ; — dimashq, dimiahq, Damascus.

a dimaahql, dimiahqi, Of Damas-

cus.

ijAit, dam-ahinda, A skilful physician ;
fellow-divers.

a dam' (v.n.), Weeping; a tear; —
dumW, Traces of tears on the cheek.

a dam'at, A tear-drop.

a iJ*<*o dima'q, White silk (see y-fUo
and , of which it is probably a cor-
ruption).

a damgh. (v.n.), Wounding, piercing
to the brain.

Sjlfc dum-ffAdza, Sj* ^ dum-g]ta%a, Root
of the tail, tail, rump.

j+Sjji ,»o dam-fir ogir, What takes the
breath away.

a damaq (for P, iUj 1-v.), Snow and
wind.

a jj-a^J dimaqe, dimaqa, Silk (espe-
cially white) ; raw silk.

dam-karda, Inflated .
[»J dam-hash. Who keeps in harmony
with another; a musician, singer.

( 536 )

|«j dam-hashi, A breeze ; an oar.
l£$ dum-gdwa, A lash; brazen trum-
pet.

tV&mi dam-gak, A smith's forge ; a fur-
nace.

dam-girifta, Putrid, rotten

(hide).

dam-gali, A forge ; stove of a bath ;
a breathing-place.

^fs&o dam-gir, Suffocating, stifling,
choking.

a J»»<J durnmal, dumal (for P. J-3o q.v.),
A swelling, felon, boil;— dumali jildi, A
faruncle; — dumali damawt, A thrombus;
--dumali Icabid, Abscess of the liver.

*»S f> dum-ldba, Tail-wag ; fawning, flat-
tery ; — dum-ldba kardan, To fawn, to
flatter.

a tf<} damn (v.n.), Dunging, manuring
(land) ; — dimn, Dung ; — diman (pi. of
dimnat), Marks left by people ; traces of a
habitation.

W-i daman, A skirt ; Damayanti, bride
of Nala (whose adventures form an episode
in the great Sanskrit poem MahabhArata,
and the subject of a Persian poem by
Faizi) ; — diman, Give me.

a dimnat, A dung-hill ; a place near
a house ; traces of a dwelling.

^aa^j damanddn, Fire ; hell ; name of a
city in Karrnan, rich in mines.

6A«»j damanda, Blowing ; hissing ; cry-
ing for help.

damna, Name of the jackal that
figures conspicuously in the Anwfiri Su-
haili ; the blast-hole of an oven or furnace ;
— dimna, A fox, a jackal ; a shrewd, cun-
ning fellow.

iu^o damna-dani, Rags for closing
chinks in an oven.

ol» j pi dam-u-bdd, Pride, self-compla-
cency.

ut— ,j> p (•»> dam-u-post, J j J j p>> dam-u-dud,
What is necessary for living or for exer-
cising hospitality.

a dumuj (v.n. of g"^), Being in-
serted ; entering ; adhering firmly.

damur, A low gentle voice ; name of
a kinsman of Afrasvab.

a y-j^J dwnm.fi (v.n. of u^-*-*), Being dark
(a night).

a dumu' (pi. of dam'), Tears.

a ,3y—i dumuq (v.n. of (J^^), Entering
without leave ; creeping into bis lurking-
place (a hunter) ; breaking the teeth.

a ^jy*** damawt, Bloody ; plethoric.

4>o dama, Wind and snow; an icicle;
aneolipile; a pair of bellows; asthma; —
dama'i dhangardn, Blacksmiths' bellows; —
dama'i zargar, A goldsmith's bellows.

dami, A kind of hookah for smo-
king.

a <_j*.> dami, Bloody.

damyd (in Zand and Piizand), Blood.

going

a damydt, Damietta in Egypt.
a dimydi7,A kind of cotton cloth;

dimity.

dawn chand, A few moments.

(^•i^J damidagi, A breaking out, an
eruption on the body, efflorescence, pimple ;
the diffusion of odours.

O-Vo damidan (S. dhmd), To blow (with
the breath, or as the wind) ; to breathe; to
fill oneself with wind ; to blow, blossom
(as flowers) ; to appear (as the dawn; ; to
break out in pimples or swellings (the
body) ; to assuult; to boast ; — afsun dami-
dan, To tell lies, to romance ; — dar dami-
dan, To blow, &c. (=-^ damidan).

damida, Blowing ; blown, blos-
somed ; sprouting ; stretched out ; the
dawn,

(j 2 *"- 3 dimiqi, Silk woven as a bed -tick.

^••0 damyak, damayak, Name of a vil-
lage near Ghazniu; — damih, Land; a
boundary, land-mark.

t) J dan, Shouts and cries of joy ;
with a gay and joyous air; imp. of
q.v.

a i) J dann, A very large oblong wine-
vessel or cask, partly fixed in the ground.

a &Aij dand'at (v.n. of *Uo), Being bnd,
mean, base, abject, careless of censure.

<y^*> dandn, Walking quick with joy;
boiling with rage.

A yOj dindn (pi. of dann), Wine-jarg,

A^llij dandnir (pi. of dinar), Dinars,
ducats.

<-i~*o dumb, A tail.

JWj dambdl, A buffoon, jester ; pleasan-
try, waggery ; — dmnbdl, Tail, rump; latter
part; desire; vestige, trace; the shaft of
an arrow ; after ; —duiribdli abru, The corner
of the eye-brow; — dunibd li chashm, Outer
corner of the eye ; — dumbdli ka&htl, Stern
of a ship ; — ba-dumbdl dmadan (raftan), To
follow ; — ba-dumbdl afgandan, To place or
leave behind.

<>JWj dumbala, The tail ; a felon ; the
outer corner of the eye ; the shank of a
sword or knife; the rudder of a ship ; the
hinder part of a saddle ; after, behind ; —
dumbdla'i tdziydna, The end of a whip or
lash ; — dumbdla'i tir, The end of an arrow
where the point is inserted ; — dumbala
ddshtan, To have an end, to terminate;—
dumbdla'i kashti, The poop or stern of a
ship ; — dumbdla'i miwa, Stalk of fruits.

*5Ui^ dnmbdla-ahang, Dragging
along the tail.

j\j aJLi'J dumbdla-ddr, Tailed ; (met.)
long, lasting; — bahdna'i dumbdla-ddr, A
long-winded argument ; — chaJimi dumbdla-
ddr, An eye seemingly prolonged by colly-
rium ; — sitdra'i dumbdla-ddr, A comet ; —
nurma'i dumbdla-ddr, A lasting collyrium ;
— masti'i dumbdla-ddr, A protracted intoxi-
cation.

{ 537 ) jJj

)•> ^W*J dutribdla-dav, J>f dJlJj dumbdla-
gard, Following in the wake of another.

jjW 3 '* dumb-awar, Tailed ; rear of an
army.

*^*>J damhdwand. Name of a mountain.
dambar, Name of a city in India.

ip}<* dumbara, A guitar.

s-^J dumb-ghaza, The tail-bone.

liljjj dumbak, A bagpipe.

J*»J damba-l. Mockery ; anything ludi-
crous ; a sort of wooden drum ; — dumbal,
Imposthume, bubo.

<v)ll{Jj dumbaldn, Name of a fruit (m.c).

ti^ij duitibuqa, Flowing hair ; the end of
a turban-sash hanging down.

<M«> dumba, The tail (especially of a
sheep) ; the fat of a sheep's tail ; a kind
of sheep with a thick tail ; the buttocks ; —
dwnba dddan, To put one off his guard ;
to deceive ; — duniha nihadan, To play tricks
upon, to deceive.

dumba-bara (Lamb's tail, often
contracted into dumbara), A. guitar.

Mjjfi *M J dumba-parwarda, (met.) Who
plays tricks, who practises deceit.

jUfi-jjj dumba.-guda.ss, A pan in which a
sheep's tail is fried ; a species of sorcery
by a sheep's tail stuck with needles sus-
pended in an old tomb, and exposed to the
heat of a burning lamp; as the fat melted,
so the object of persecution was believed
to pine away.

A dinh, The Epiphany ; name of the
sixth day of January.

dand, A tooth ; a rib ; poor, in want
of food ; a race of beggars, whose practice
is to stab and wound their bodies if their
applications are not presently attended to
(see AilAiU) ; a weaver's teethed instru-
ment ; name of a purgative seed (Croton
tiglium) ; alBO of a certain herb ; anything
styptic or astringent; stupid, silly, igno-
rant ; bold, fearless, wilful ; unconscion-
able ; a thief ; — dund, A kind of bee,

danda, A girdle ; middle of a moun-
tain; according to others, stratagem, de-
ceit ; lost.

ytjjj danddn, A tooth ; the mouth ; a
kiss; desire, greediness; hope, wish, ex-
pectance ; grief, anxiety ; — danddn az bun
kardan, To disgrace, to humble to the ut-
most degree ; — danddn az tursh kardan, To
set tbe teeth on edge ; — danddn az dur
namudan, To fight another from a safe
distance ; — danddni dsyd, A grinder,
a molar tooth ; — danddn djirin kardan,
To polish the teeth ; to clean the teeth
with a tooth-pick ; — danddn ba-khun bur-
dan, To bite; — danddn ba- danddn zadan,
To be afflicted, grieved, distressed; —
danddn ba-danddn shustan (kalid shu-
dan), The teeth are locked together (in
epilepsy, insanity, Ac.) ; — danddn bar jigar
afshurdan (ddshtan, guzdehtan, nihadan),

To bear patiently ; — danddn bar (bar sari)
harfi khwud guzdshtan, To stop in one's
speech ; to act differently from one's words ;
— danddn bar dil afshurdan, To bear pa-
tiently ; — danddn bar sari danddn nihadan,
To bear up with unpleasantnesses; — dan-
ddn bar sang dmadan, The teeth meet with
Siind, &c. in eating ; — danddn bar fdrsi (ba-
fdrti) guzdshtan (mdndan, nihadan), To
understand another's speech (as we should
say "to understand plain English"); —
danddn bar-kandan, To give up hope ; not
to covet ; — danddn ba-eahar k&d'ldan, To
hate, be severe ; — danddn ba-kdri hose fire
burdan, To exert oneself on another's be-
half ; — danddn ba-kdmi khwud burdan (firo
burdan), To be gratified ; — danddni butuafa,
The wisdom-tooth ; — danddn pur kardan,
To stop a tooth (m.c.) ; — danddni ta'assuf
(hasrat), (met.) Grief ; — danddn ba-kdm
shikastan, To abase, to humble to the ut-
most degree ; — danddn band kardan, To
expect ;■ — dandun ba-ham khwurdan, The
teeth chatter with fear ; — danddni pesh
(peshin), A front tooth ; — danddni pil,
Ivory ; — danddni tar bar kate ddshtan, To
intend to kill one ; — danddn tez kardan, To
sharpen the teeth ; to covet, to long for ;
to taste ; to foster enmity ; — danddni sa~
niya, The second or permanent teeth;—
danddni hut, Gentle raiu ; a tear ; — danddni.
khar, A fool, stupid ; the buttocks of an ass ;
the penis of a donkey ; — danddni khirad,
The wisdom-tooth ; — danddni jchanda, The
laughing-tooth (namely the fore-teeth, as
they appear when one laughs) ; — danddn
kfeunin shudan, To put up with unplea-
santness ; — danddn ddshtan, To endeavour,
to strive tooth and nail ; to hope, to wait
for ; to cherish hatred ; — danddn dardz
kardan, To render greedy, to cause to long
for ; — danddn dar jigar ghauta dddan, To
bear patiently ; — danddn dar kdri kate
ddshtan (firo burdan), To exert oneself in
a matter ; — danddni rumh, The point of a
lance ; — danddni ranjish, A present made
by a bridegroom to the bride, when he
first hears her speak; — danddn zadan, To
strip ; to contend, dispute for equality ; to
adhere, stick ; to cherish enmity ; — danddn
saped (safed) kardan, To make the teeth
white; to laugh, smile; to fear; to be
weak, to submit to ;— danddn surkJl kar.
dan, To expect, to hope for ; — danddni shab,
The dawn ; — danddn shikastan, To render
helpless, to break one's power ; — danddni
sh'ir (shin), The milk-teeth; — danddni
sheran, The stars ; — danddni subh, The
dawn ; — danddni tarn', Severity, hatred ; — ■
danddni tain' bar-kandan, Not to covet,
not to long for a thing greedily -—dan-
ddni tam' zadan, To covet, to be eager or
greedy for ; — danddni 'driya, Artificial
teeth j — danddni 'aql. The wisdom-tooth ; — ■

JJ4

( 538 )

danddni tam'firo burdan, To be busy in
a matter^ to exert oneself ;— danddn faro
burdan. To dislike ; to be in a rage ; to
labour bard, persevere ; — danddn faro
guzashtan, To strive, make great exertion ;
to hope, expect, wait tor ; to bate ; — dan-
ddn fuehurdan, To bear patiently ; — dan-
ddni fil, Elepbant's tusks ; ivory ; — danddn
kardan, To forbid, probibit ; to turn away
from ; to straiten, oppress; — danddni kirm-
Jckwurda, Caries of the teetb ; — danddni
Jcalid, The wards of a key ; — danddn kandan,
To pull out tbe teetb, i.e. to suppress de-
sire ; — danddni huh, A precious stone ; —
danddn giriftan (haehidan), To take out a
tooth danddni gosdla, A bone-beaded
arrow ; — danddni gir, Tbe biting or fore-
tooth ; — danddni mdhi, Tbe bones of a cer-
tain fish, of which they make knife-handles,
&c. ; — danddni misri, A kind of sweetmeat ;
— danddni muaiqdr, A tooth-like ornament
of pipes ; — danddni nab, A canine tooth ; —
danddn namudan, To show the teeth ; to
laugh, be pleased ; to ridicule ; to terrify ;
to fear ; to cry aloud ; — danddn nihddan,
To covet ; — danddni nlshtar, A canine
tooth ; — bdra'i danddn, Tartar of the teeth ;
— ba-danddn budan, To suit, to be conve-
nient ; — ba- danddn khwush dmadan, To be
delightful, pleasant, agreeable ; — dar tahi
danddn-ash nihddand, They use impreca-
tions against him, they curBe him.

yt$ t)^^ danddn- dprlz, dprlsh,
y.f>} apriz, t^-ijA aprish, yfl dfriz, or (.AayVf
afrtsh), A tooth -pick.

da?iddn-pariz, tjrtji y^JjJ danddn
parish, A tooth-pick.

)<* danddn-tez, Sharp-toothed;

cruel iniquitous ; envious.

(jWo danddn-khdy, A dog given, to

biting,

*Jife>j y'jJJ danddn-rekhta. One who has
lost or shed his teeth, toothless, edentated.

jj yU>j danddu-zad, Desired, longed-for.
y^jJj danddn-zani, Hostility, enmity.
danddn-sd, Purslain.

jL, y^Ajj dandan-sdz, A dentist ; — danddn-
sazi maM™*! Dentist-in-waiting of the
Shilh (m.c.j. '

(jjU ytjjj Janddn-sdzi, Dentistry (ra.c).

jl*A-. ytjjj danddn-safed, Showing the
white teeth, laughing ; humility.

yijl y\jj.> danddn-fariz, cr*/ yl-i>>J dan-
dan-fari&h, A tooth-pick.

jtf y\Aio danddn-Mv, A tooth-pick.

yS' y\jJj danddn-kan, A forceps for
drawing teeth.

yLi y\A5^ danddn-kandn, Suppressing
desire; restless; ignominious, shameful;
lamenting, groaning; — danddn-kundn, Dis-
gracing, despising ; groaning.

jeJ" y\jjJ danddn-glr, Stupefying or be-
numbing the teeth (anything acid) ; biting
(horse).

JU danddn-mdl, A dentifrice.

y ylJij danddn-maz, Dessert after din-
ner.

•sy y\jjj danddn-mvzd, Money and other
things distributed to the poor at a time of
feasting.

y^Aij danddn-namay, Showing the
teeth, grinning either in anger or in weak
spite ; very conspicuous.

Si\M^ danddna, A tooth ; teeth of a saw
or comb ; wards of a lock ; a battlement,
embrasure; notched, indented.

j\a iS\*}j danddna-ddr, Teethed, notched.

yA^MASj danddmdan, To gnaw.

ij'I'WJ danddni kardan, To put to
shame, to make blush.

^•Jivi dandish, A muttering to oneself in
anger or in joy; enigmatical discourse;
prayers addressed in a low tone of voice.

a iisiJ dandana, Muttering to oneself.

ajjj danda, A rib.

yjj jij dandidan, To mutter to oneself in
anger ; to boil with rage,

a. i/JJ danas (v.n.), Being soiled; dirt,
filth.

a £iJ dana' (v.n.), Being vile, abject;
baseness, meanness ; — dani', Vile, worth-
less.

a danaf(v.n.), Severe and continued
illness ; — danaf, danif, Afflicted with such ;
suffering from chronic disease.

AjBiJ danqar, Nitre, saltpetre.

A&J danqa, Tares ; name of a black grain.

Aj*6i*i dankdea, Afflicted, unhappy; a
parasite.

dan-kas, Unmanly, worthless,

mean.

taSiJ dang, Astonished, confounded ; stu-
pid, ignorant ; half a (horse-) load ; tbe
noise made by the collision of two stones ;
the cry of the qalandar monks ; the traces
of a pair of compasses ; — ding, A wooden
instrument with iron teeth, used in sepa-
rating rice from the chaff; a machine for
making powder ; an oil-press ; — ding u
duuidl, Pomp, display of power, state.

»«JCijlSjj dang-d-dang, Equipoised, equal,
exact; knee to kuee; intimately connected ;
equally.

ii'SiJ dangdla, An icicle.

<jJIj^)j dangddla, danqaddla, An icicle.
<iSij ding-kob, Separating rice from
the chaff.

J&j dangal, Sitting knee to knee; a
crowd ; — dangil, dingil, A cuckold, privy to
a wife's infidelity ; foolish ; dispropor-
tioned, awkward.

aJll&j dangldla, An icicle; fierceness,
savageness (unsupported by examples).

dingT, A separater of rice from

chaff.

a dunuw (v.n. of yj), Approaching,
drawing near; propinquity; the lowest
degree of baseness.

( 539 )

A Soyo iunu'ai (v.n. of Being mean,
base, wicked ; being careless of censure.

t^V 1 * dinwdsh, Name of the man who
sold 'Azra.

u * dana, Cheerfulness; shouts of joy;
song; saucineBs, petulance, insolence;
pride, presumption ; worldly possessions ;
name of a woman ; — dana giriftan, To take
fire, to fall in a passion ; to be proud, take
much state ; to presume.

isijS A) j dana-girifta, Proud, insolent,
ungrateful for divine favours; exceeding
bounds in mirth ; a fast runner.

<J-> dan'i, Alacrity, mirth, cheerfulness ;
2nd sing. aor. of danidan.

a- tj^ dani, Near, neighbouring; vicious,
contemptible, vile ; trifling, paltry, base.

a Ljj dunya, The world ; worldly goods ;
people; — dunyd u dm, Secular and reli-
gious matters ; country and faith ; church
and state.

i us ~»/> dunyd-parast, ^Jus- Lsj dunyd-
kkuda, A Maminonist.

a } \t VjiJ dunya-ddr, Worldly-minded,
worldly.

i (j;^ V J dunyd-ddri, Economy ; mam-
mon.

a iS^* dunydwi, Of the world, worldly.

)>A ws > '* dani.parwar, Nurturing the vile ;
— charkhi dani-parwar, Fortune, the nurse
of villains.

y-Xeio danidan, To wall; with pomposity ;
to boil with rage ; to run with alacrity and

joy-

6 -»*>J danida, Gone or going with a pom-
pous, jaunty, or cheerful gait.

r~J'» dunaisir (?), Name of a city in
Mesopotamia,, celebrated for its excellent
climate.

a t s^>-> dunyawl, Worldly, secular ; —
dunyawi u ukhrawi, Of this and the next
world ; — mdli dunwayi, Worldly goods.

* dunyi, Worldly ; the world.

)^ dau, dav (imp, of dawidan). Running ;
— dav kardati, ba^dav raftan, To gallop
(m.c.) ; — dav na-ydbad, He will not obtain
his wish (a proverbial saying by way of
curse).

du, du, do, Two.

a jj dauw, A desert, extended plain.

a =y dawd', diwa', duwd', A medicine,
remedy ; — dawd'i musakkin, A palliative,
an alleviating medicine ; — dawd'i niu'attis,
A. sternutative ; — dawd'i maazi, A topical
or local remedy,

do-db, Name of a province in Hin-
diistan, lying between the rivers Ganges
and Jumna.

AyV dawdbb (pi. of ddbbat), Cattle,
beasts ; reptiles, creeping things.

a dawdt (for S^j), An ink-holder;
a pen- case; — dawati siydhi, An ink-
stand.

a utAj* dawdt-dr, Keeper of the seals.

a j^AlfuuljJ dawdUdshur, A stick for stir-
ring the wool in an ink-stand.

a 4>U. dawdt-khdna. Chancellery.

a J-* <j^\ } j dawdt-ddr, A Secretary of
State.

i_r*\ jo du'dtish, The lips of a mistreBS.
t~s^\ j>> du-tltisha, Double-distilled; —
8hardbi du-dtisha, Double-distilled liquor,
i.e. very strong.

a e\j<> dawdj, duwdj, A bed-quilt ; a sheet;
gladness, joy (this meaning doubtful).

Ajl^ljO dawdddr (for P. j^j q.v.),
Secretary of State.

jO^o daw-d-dav, Running incessantly, or
in every direction ; a messenger ; anyone
constantly employed in running of errands.

a dawdr, duwdr, Giddiness, vertigo,
whirl ; name of an idol ; — dauwdr, Moving
in a circle, revolving, rotary ; versatile ;
[charkhi dauwdr, The revolving heavens ;}
— dauwdr, duwdr, The temple of Mecca ;
name of an idol.

i5;\j J dawari, A gold coin of five drachms.
(U^jj^o duwdzdagdna, Twelve.
soj\j •> duwdzdah, Twelve ; — duwdzdah jau-
zak {kushk, mil). The twelve signs of the
Zodiak ; — duwdzdah rukh, (The battle of
the) Twelve knights (described in the
Shahnamah).

duwdzdahum, The twelfth.
duwdzdahe, A dozen.
a jLiljj dawd-sdz, An apothecary, a che-
mist, a druggist.

\ du-asba, j>> du-aspa, A post-
boy, messenger ; a post-master ; a soldier
who has two horses found him ; quick,
expeditious ; haste, expedition.

a v>lij!o-\ } ^du ust urlab, r S!\ie gun and moon.
AiLA'f du-dshydna, A kind of tent.
A (jC^-J dawd'i, Vicissitudes of fortune;
pretensions, claims ; clamours, importu-
nings; desires, hankerings.

jijj duwdl, A stirrup-leather ; a skin,
hide; an emerald; fraud, deceit ; a glitter-
ing sword ; — duwdl an pmMi sher kathidan,
To be exceedingly strong and powerful ; —
duwdl bar duhul zadan. To beat the drum
(with a leathern strap) ; — duwdl dar gulu
kardan, To strangle, to throttle ; — duwdli
ghamshir, A leathern sword-belt; — duwdl
kashidan, To skin, to flay ; — duwdli kamar,
A leathern belt ; — duwdli na'lain, A shoe-
latchet, or anything for fastening shoes ;
— duwdl guehddan, To fly,

a OljJ dawdlib (pi. of dauldb), Water-
wheels.

J^J duwdl-bdz, A knave, cheat ; a cut-
purse.

<j)^ duwdl-bdzi, A certain game of
chance ; deceit, fraud.

ijh Jb J duwdl-pdy (leather-leg), Slen-
der and limber-legged man; name of a
people in India, said to have legs thin and
ductile, like leathern utraps ; they pretend

t,j ( 540 )

to be lame, and importune travellers to
carry thein on their backs, when they
strangle them by a twist of their legs
(comp. the tale of the Old Man of the Sea
in the Arabian Nights); a thug; a bug-
bear.

"jV*" JV duw&l-khwara, A yoke of oxen,
a yoke.

<iU\> J duwdlak, A little strap ; a leathern
strap used in a game ; a species of fragrant
creeper ; — duwdlak bdkhian, To play tricks
upon, to cheat.

^gjW is\S\jj duwdlak-bdni, Cheating, de-
ceit.

*!\)*> duwdla, A kind of sweet-smelling
creeper ; — duwdla, daw&la,&. leathern strap
used in a game.

^IjJ dawdli, One who uses sleight of
hand, a juggler ; a cheat, deceiver ; a kind
of fragrant creeper ; name of a governor
to whom Iskandar married Queen Noshaba
of Barda' ; varicose veins ; [dawdli' ibaiza,
Varicocele ; — dawdli'i chash m, Cirsoph-
thalmia; — dawdli' i ?afn, Varicocele;] —
diwdli, An Indian feast, at which candles
were lighted.

a s-*S^J dawdlib (pi. of dfddb), Wheels
for drawing water.

|*J\>J diwdliya, A ruined spendthrift (as
if seeking his squandered wealth by the
light of a candle ; see diwtili above),

a dawam (v.n. of |»j J ), Persisting,
persevering in ; ['aid 'd-dawdm, Continu-
ally, lastingly ;] — dmvdm, Vertigo, giddi-
ness.

t>^>> dawdn, Running, walking fast ; —
dim an (pi. of y^), Two ;—har duwdn, Both
of them.

yA>\jj dawdndan, Q)\£\yi dawdnidan, To
cause to run ; to send, to despatch ; to
pursue ; to put to shame ; to prepare, to
cheat.

0**^ 0^ dawdn dawdn dmadan, To
gallop (m.c).

sjy^o duw&nmdah (duwdn ssi dah),
Twelve (unsupported, but evidently the
older form of duwd&dah, duwdn being the
pi. of yS).

\J>^> i dawdnosh, = iJiylJ q.v.

y^ do ani, A coin, the 8th of a gold
mohur.

a vjW^jJ dawanlq (pi. of ddniq), Weights
of two carats ; — abu dawdniq, Nickname of
the Caliph Mansur on account of his ava-
rice.

a t>i>\}>> dawawin (pi. of dlwdn), Muster-
rolls ; public records ; account-books ; col-
lected poems.

A ^\y> dawdhi (pi. of ddhiyat), Sore
calamities.

A uw^jJ dawdydi (pi. of dawdt), Ink-
stands.

Aj?\)J dawa'ir (pi, of dd'irat), Circles ;
vicissitudes of time ; calamities.

y> do-bdru, Name of a game.

CyW y> du-bdruh, fcjyV y* du-bdruhk,
Nightshade.

*yU y* do-bar a, du-bdra, Twice ; double-
distilled.

y> do-bdz, A kind of pigeon ; a child's

kite.

jj4 )-> do-bdzd, A rustic instrument ; name
of a game (see ys).

h <jAW yi du-bdshi, An interpreter.
y* du-bdl, A strap for fastening on a
saddle; leather; an emerald ; fraud, de-
ceit ; a glittering sword.

y du-bdld, Excessive; double, equal
to two ; — du-bdld raftan (shudan), To be-
come double ; — du-bdld kardan, To double.

a*W du-bama, A pigeon that does Dot
keep to one pigeon-house.

y* du-bakh.sha, Double.

*V )-> du-bud, A kind of cloth (see yi).

yM du ba-du, Two together, without a
third.

y* du-burd, (in Zand and Pazand) A
sword.

)>> du bardbar, Double, equal to two.

oVV } J du birddardn, Two bright stars
in the lesser bear ; name of a certain rapa-
cious bird; according to others a kite.

tjs-j* y* du-burji, A pigeon that does not
keep to one pigeon-house; vagarious; a
pederast; an adulterer or whoremonger.

<A> r**^ S" 1 du barham-ttan, Two persons
who make mischief between two others by
slanderous talk.

J}jJ dubal, Insincere, unfaithful.

-u; y du-band, A double embankment.
du-bud, A kind of cloth (= Oj>jJ
q.v., of which it is probably a misreading).

a ^jSLt-i y* du-baiti, A poem consisting of
four hemistichs, a tetrastich; — du-baiti
hhwdndan, To read.

(j-W p<> du-bini, Uncertain, unreliable; a
hypocrite.

U du-pd, A small worm found chiefly
in a certain oak-tree (Quereus coccifera or
kertnes oak), and which imparts to cloth a,
beautiful red colour.

jUf 8\ajL» yi du pddshdhi qahhdr (two
mighty kings), Night and day.
do-pdra, Halved.
yi do-pdya, Two-legged, biped ; man.

Hti ]J do-patta (two breadths), A sheet
of cloth thrown loosely over the shoul-
ders.

<**^; y* do-pahhcha, A clew of thread;
name of a bird.

j> y± du-par, Of two feathers or wings ;
adorned -with two feathers.

^ifi i J du-parwdna, Night and day.

<j s ) f )}i J J du-parwizani, What is to be
twice sifted.

yi do-palkd (having two eye-lids),
A kind of pigeon ; a kind of stone for a
ring.

V>s ( 541 ) J>J

J j{ yi du-pud, *>>)>, yi du-puda, Cloth,
woven in'streaks or stripes of two colours.

U*ji j<> du-pon, «^->j> yi du-post, Two
(leaves) pasted, any two things joined to-
gether.

.'j^r 1 du-piydxa, A rich fricassee made
with butter, turmeric, onions, garlic, and
various spices ; a dish without gravy.

fa yi du-paikar, Gemini; a two-edged
aie.

l» yi du-td, Double, doubled ; bent,
curved ; bending the body ; a two-stringed
lute ; fine cloth ; — du-ta shudan, To be
bent or doubled; to change, to alter -—du-
ta kardan, To double ; to bend ; — du-ta ka'-
batain, Night and day.

iJ'^y y* du-td-ehttdagl, An overlapping
or folding over.

5J * yi du-td-shuda, Overlapped ; folded.

415 y> du-ldh, Double, doubled; — du-tah
kardan, To fold, to double.

y* du-tdy, A two-stringed harp.
)•> dit-tukhma. A bastard ; a mon-
grel.

y> )^ du-tan, Two persons ; double.
f yi du-tav (« yi du-tah), Double; a
meeting.

ts^ j«» do-tahi (two-plied), Cloths lined.

ryi du-tegb, A double-edged sword.
iAfS jj du-tegka-bde, Wielding the
sword with the two hands ; (met.) doing
two things at the same time ; a deviser of
stratagems.

yi du-teg&a-bdzi, A stroke of the
sword with both hands.
6j J duj, Name of a herb.
W- y> du-jd (two places), Squint-eyed.
fcjWjJ do-j&n, The jugular vein,
a ^ yi Hu janibat, Night and day.
t)S(»-;J du-jahdn, This world and the
neit.

yi du-jahdni, Belonging to both
worlds, eternal.

y* du-chdr, Twice four ; two (eyes be-
coming) four, a sudden and unexpected
meeting, encounter, or interview ; — dtt char
uftidan {shudan, zadari) , To meet ; to con-
verse; to dispute, to fight, to assail, to
surprise (m.c.) ; — du char kardan, To meet
one another on the road.

qM> jW. y$ d% chashm char shudan,
The sudden, unexpected encounter of two
persons (see the preceding article) .

4 **f ^ du chashma, The sun and moon ;
night and day ; the pupils of the eyes.

& W y 3 du-ehalla, A roof sloping two ways.
yi du chand, Twice, double.

^Aio. du chanddn, Twice as much.

*ty*- yi da-choba, Two-poled (tent).

jta yi du chdhdr, A sudden, unexpected
meeting or interview ; backgammon. (See

a tyi dauh (pi. of the following), Large
trees.

a &*>o dauhat, A large tree.
a w>\>*- Ijape. yi du hujra'i k£y>db, Two
eyes.

a >-if.yi du harf, Two letters, i.e. ^ kdf
and 0 nun, signifying ^ kun, Be thou, the
creative word.

a \s) jy* yi du hur-liqd, Eeason and soul.

a tyi daukh (v.n.), Being base and ab-
ject.

tyi dukh, Bald ; a barren place ; a head
bald in front; leafless branch; a smooth
face; a rocket ; a reed, from which mats
are woven, and on which grapes and
melons are hung to dry.

yy U- yi du khdtun, i^r^ai yy^ 5 - 5 J du khd-
tuni binish, Pupils of the eyes ; sun and
moon.

^y.^ } (j-^-ta- yi du khddimi habashi
u ruml, Night and day.

ui^yi dokht, A virgin; power; sewing,
stitch; — dokht kardan, To hate, despise,
loathe.

if£-yi dokjitara, A daughter ; a virgin.

i^-yi dokhtan. To sew ; to pay, perform ;
to gain, acquire, collect ; to fix, fasten ; to
miik ; to plaster ; — bar-dokhtan, To fasten
together; — dar-dokhtan, To stitch together;
to wink, to blink; to inform against, to
accuse (see v^s>yi ^) ;— mazar dokhtan dar,
To fix one's look upon.

totjj dokhta, Stitched, sewed, closed ;
milked; payed, performed; gained; plas-
tered.

.ilS^ dukh. chaltad, A head bald in
front; bald-headed.

Ua- yi do-khammd, ^ do-khamma, A
bent hookah-pipe.

du khwdhar, Name of two stars.

(j^lu. h^i. yi du khaiti mulauwan, The
twilight or false dawn, and break of day.

A Jyi daud (v.n.), Breeding worms
(bread or meat) ; — dud, A worm ; — dudu 'I-
harlr, A silk-worm ; — dudi bi-sar, A head-
less cyst (med.).

.I5J dud, Smoke; vapour; breath; an-
guish, sadness ; — dud ax damagh bar-ama-
dan, To be afflicted ; to perish ; — dud
angekhtan (bar-dwardan), To burn, to de-
vastate ; to ruin ; to eradicate ; — dudi ah,
The heaving of a sigh ; — dud ba-su'i neku-
yan rawad, The world turns towards the
prosperous ; — dudi chirdgh, Lamp-black for
making ink and collyrium ; (met.) labo-
rious study ; — dudi chirdgh khwurdan, To
undergo hardship for the sake of study ; —
dudi dil (jigar, dam), A sigh ; — dudi dil
khdli kardan, To free the heart from care ;
— dudi damdffh. Pride, haughtiness, vanity;
— dudi kuddmin chirdgh, Under whose pro-
tection is he? on whom does he depend or
rely ?— dud kardan, To emit smoke ; to
fumigate; to turn on steam (m.c.) ; (met.)
to show, to manifest ; — dudi mash'al, Lamp-
black; pomp, state; a blackish colour; —

JjJ ( 542 ) jja

dud u gard, Smoke and duet; (met.) a
troubled mind, distressedness.
U\ dud-ded, Smoke-like.

dud-afkan, A kind of magi-
cian.

•}$\ «V dud-dlud, Smoked, peii-umed •,
name of a town and river in India.

tS\j } 4 duddla, The game of tip-cat.

^j-lo )■> do-ddml, Flowered muslin, the
flowers worked with a needle.

dud-aJtanj, viub} dud-dhang,
Chimney of a kitchen or bath ; an earthen
pot placed over a lamp to gather smoke for
making lamp-black.

&Ud. >»jj dud-khdna, House, family, race.
4yi dud-khwdr (smoke-eater), A
moth flying round the candle ; a chimney ;
a stoker ; a smoker of tobacco.

illo jjj dud-ddla, tlj> JjO dud-dala, =
q.T.

dudar, Coat-buttons (or the shanks) ;
buckle of a belt ; twisted (chain, rope, or
loop) ; a badge.

)4 du-dari, The world (having two
doorB, birth and death).

j ^ du dast zadan, (met.) To
make merry.

(jjjijf )± du dast girifian, To exert
oneself to the utmost.

> )•> du-datti, Two-handed ; of two
hands' or arms' length ; a hard-fought
battle; a blow on the back with both
bands in order to hasten anyone ; a sort of
ewer; a cap with two flaps to cover the
ears; — du-daeti dar-dwekhtan, To exert
oneself to the utmost ; — du-dasti zadan, To
strike with both hands, i.e. with all one's
might.

yti' 6 } j dud-kash, A vent for smoke,
chimney.

i\S jjo dud-gdh, A chimney.

iJ***J> dud-giriftagi, Smokiness.

aaKs -it-i dud-girifta, Smoked, smoky.

au «>}>» dud-gand, A chimney.

i\>S dtid-ganda, Smelling of smoke.

(^jjo dud-gin (filled with smoke), The
tunnel of a chimney ; smoky.

Jo .o du-dil (two-hearted), Uncertain,
irresolute, wavering ; a hypocrite.

aJ-^o duddla, dudila, The game of tip-cat ;
— du-dila, Wavering, doubtful, in suspense,
uncertain, irresolute ; absent in mind ; one
who is constantly changing his creed.

jjSaa. dJj du-dila-shudagi, Double-
heartedness, irresolution, uncertainty.
y> du-dam, Double-edged.

yUjjo dadmdrt, A great tribe, family,
illustrious house ; generation, race ; fra-
grance ; name of a place near Shiraz.

&<*o du-dama, Double-edged.

l^Jj du dunyti, This world and the
next.

y> yi dv du, Two and two ; sound of a
pipe.

ti\y> jo du-duwdla, = <U\ojj q.v, (unsup-
ported by examples).

tojj dauda, A circle ; — duda, Round cot-
tages ; a tribe, family ; people ; a chimney ;
an eldest son ; soot, lamp-black, with
which they make ink ; (for A. S^ii)a, wotifi>
c i* j^o dud-hanj, «s£i* dud-hang, A
chimney ; a pot for collecting smoke.

dude, A fire lit by the poor, and by
the qalandar monks, a bonfire.

a daur, Time, age ; a revolution,
period of years; a period of 360 solar
years; evil times; days of oppressinn; a
state of poverty ; the world, fortune; the
repetition of a lesson ; a cup handed round
by tbe guests; intelligence which spieB
transmit to the court of their sovereign ;
[dauri charkh (gardun), Motions of the hea-
vens ; — dauri zaradn, Revolution of ages ;
— dauri qamari, The lunar cycle (at the
commencement of which Adam was crea-
ted) ; — daur kardan,To encircle, surround;
to turn about, revolve ; to muffle or wrap
round ; — dauri Tease girifian, To congregate
round one (m.c.) ; — dauri gosh-mdl, Times
of sedition or oppression ; days of cala-
mity, distress, or poverty •-'dauri muddm,
Perpetual motion; — dauri mi'jari, The
moon's orbit ; — ribhi dauri shar'i, Legal
UBury ; — -jauri daur, Injuries of fortune;]
— dur (pi. of ddrat), Houses ; — dattra, daur,
About, around.

^ dur (S. dura), Remote, distant, far
off; — dur as kar, Far from the purpose; in
opposition to, contrary to the inclination;
— dur as ma, Far from us ; — dur afgandan
(anddthtan), To throw far away;— dur
dmadan (bar-dmadan), (met.) To be un-
happy ; — dur ddthtan, To remove, to keep
at a distance ; — tii<r shudan, To be distant,
absent ; — dur Jcardan, To remove, avert,
send away, banish ; — dur u dardz. Far and
long ; prolixly, at full length ; — dur u nas-
dik, Far and near; — az dur, From afar.

t •**\ ) )& duriit (pi. oi j\.i), Houses, man-
sions.

jjj^j durddur, Very distant; — a. daurd-
daur, All round (m.c),

^Jjjjo dur-dsardn, Name of a king of
tbe magicians.

dUrdgh, Sour milk, upon which new
milk is poured.

sjUil dur-uftdda, Who fails to un-
derstand.

a tJ^o daurdn, dawardn, A revolution,
period, circle, cycle ; time, an age ; fortune,
vicissitude; rolling round (construed with
the verbs uftddan, zadan, kardan, gardHn-
dan, nihddan) ; [dawardni dam, Blood-cir-
culation ; — daurdni sar, A swimming in the
head ;] — diirdn (pi. of ddr), Houses, habi-
tations.

q\j,4 daurdn'khuddy, A whore-
monger.

( 543 )

j^j dii r anddkhtanl, Fit only to
be thrown away, refuse.

dur-andar, Deep (goblet or well).
u t i' 1J ^;j>» diir-andesh. Far-sighted, pene-
trating ; anticipat've.
i^iStX dur-andesha, Foresight .

jy> dur-andesM, Far-sightedness ;
anticipation.

u\)} J durdn-aarun, Name of a king
of the magicians,
a daur ant, Temporal, secular.

,J\j)>* durdy, A flute, a psaltery.
»>^_y>» dur bad, God forbid ! Far be it !

dur bash, Keep off ! stand back !
give way ! a staff, a walking-stick ; a club,
mace, bludgeon, pole, or baton, with which
they keep the mob from pressing too close
in public solemnities ; a battle-axe (usually
fixed to the saddle) ; the commander of a
caravan ; a sigh.

y-M jt jjJ dur bar-dmadan, To be
wretched.

JtyJ durbal, Faithless, insincere, untrue.

y-< jjJ diir-bin. One who sees at a dis-
tance ; far-sighted ; a telescope ; provident,
penetrating, perspicuous, ingenious, intel-
ligent, judicious ; — dur-blni du-chashml, A
double opera-glass (m.c).

u"*i.y J dur-Mnl, Far-sightedness.

& ji* dur-par, God forbid (female
phrase).

;^*H dur-pinddr, Thinking deeply ;
penetrating the future ; provident.

a iyJ daurat, An epicycle ; a revolution ;
periodicity.

durtar, More remote, farthest.

<*/j.J durtarak (dim. of the preceding),
A little farther.

oV 1 ;; J dur-ihuli, A wild kind of lily.
)•> du-rukhi, A kind of bow.

jVjy 1 diir-dardz, Far, distant.

.j dur-dast, Distant, out of reach.

ij*-^ jyi dur-daatl, Remoteness, distance ;
out of reach.

A »° _>J° daur daur, Prosperity.

u»j;>> diiraB, Hellebore.

3? dur-firo, Jjy* j^J dur-firod, Deep;
very low,

a daurak, A water-pot with handles ;
a kind of wine-measure ; a cistern or tank
full of water.

Jj/^j diir-karda, Removed, taken away.

&T) du-ragah, Of mixed blood (horse).

a^f jjo daur-gir, A world seizer, a king ;
one who takes his turn of the cup.

a £)\y*S } yi daur-girdn (pi. of the prece-
ding), Kings ; wine-drinkers.

gtjjj dauranj, Name of a medicinal herb.

liStjjj daurang, A sort of medicinal
plant ; — du-rang, Of two colours, piebald,
bi-coloured; double-faced, hypocrite, de-
ceitful man ; the world.

JlXij^j dur-nigdh, Long-sighted, seeing
far.

j J du-rangi, The property of possess-
ing two colours; of two colours; capri-
ciousness ; hypocrisy : capricious.

a W daur-numd, Panoramic ; a pano-
rama (m.c).

ji jjJ du-ru, Two-faced, i.e. a deceitful
villain, hypocrite ; inconstant ; a kind of
rose, red without, and white within ; name
of a small brass coin; having two facades
(a palace, m.c).

7** hv )^ du-roza'i '-umr, A short life.

<^bj) J durUzl, Health, sounduess of body.

6i )))' 3 dor una, A bow for cotton ; the
rainbow.

**■}) ;J <lo-(du-) ruya, Double, two-faced ;
— du-ruya ripdh, The two opposing armies.

<Jay^ du-ru'l, Hypocrisy, double-fuced-
ness.

s j;>* daura, A curling lock; a wine-mea-
sure ; a heat, run (at a race, m.c.) ; — dura,
A small measure, such as a vial or flask ;
— du-rah, Twice ; — du-rah «, Twice thirty,
sixty.

tsjjj diifi. Distance ; absence, separation ;
a hypocrite ; — duri namildan, To show
aversion, to be distant and shy.

a (jyjJ daurl, A tray, salver (m.c).

i—jyj duriea, A handkerchief (of mus-
lin) with a downy pile, fringed at the
borders ; a fringed carpet or counterpane.

ditrlsha, = the preceding ; linen

cloth.

V s cS)J J durl-kun, An enemy, adversary.
jjJ doz, Stork's dung ; (in comp.) sew-
ing.

dozdnidan (caus. of dozid-an). To
cause to sew, &c.

cs^jJ di'izdy, A pipe, flute.

du-zabun, Double-tongued; a pen ;
a hypocrite ; a serpent, a snake ; — dit-zabdn
shudan, To dissemble.

j*> du-zabdni, Double-tonguedness.
tj)-> dozakh, Hell ; evil company; jea-
lousy ; trouble, affliction; the belly ; — ahli
dozakh,, The inhabitants of hell, the
damned ; — kuffdri dozakh- gar dr, The in-
fidels devoted to hell, infernal firebrands.

y^tjjj dozakhbun, Keeper of the infernal
pit.

(jA-jjJ dozakhi, Infernal ; a glutton.
dauzak, Anything large and light.
dozandagl, Needlework.

(_s*)) j )•> du zangi u rumi, Night and
day ; youth and old age.

ASyj dozana, Sting of an insect.

j\j ijjjj dozana-ddr, A stinged insect.

tub** duzun, A Nile crocodile (doubtful).

«y*> doza, A kind of prickly plant ; gum
lac, a kind of wax for fastening handles on
knives.

yAjj^o dozidan (equivalent to dokhtan,
but rarely used), to sew, stitch ; to be
used to.

Sjij do-zlra, A kind of rice.

>4 (

**4Jy> dozina, Bee's sting, gnat's trunk.
jjJ dozh, Filth ; tincture of lac; stork's
dung ; a proboscis.

jtfVj)-* dnzhdy, = ^jjJ q.v.
*j>>> duzhak, Thick, large.

dozhana, A bee ; a gnat ; a Bting.
dvzha, A kind of thorn ; a knot in

wood.

iyj^ dozhina, The sting of an insect.

a. d!aw« (v.n.), Beating with the feet
(the ground), trampling clay ; threshing
corn ; polishing (a looking-glass, sword,
Ac).

i/y> daus, dawas, Water for strengthen-
ing the stomach, in which red-hot iron has
been cooled; — due, Plaster; shellac; gum
lac.

yi«iL.jj dosdnidan, To fasten, glue,
cement ; to attach oneself to, to become a
hanger-on of.

y> dosi, A friend; a lover ; a mistress,
sweetheart; (for ut~A yi du ast) are two ;
— dost dash tan, To like, love, be fond of,
esteem as a friend.

y\z~y* dostdr (forjU <**-}•*), A friend; a
lover; lovingly.

(jj^i-jj doetan (pi. of dost), Friends; (a
fuller form of dost) a friend.

AJU-jJ doddnx, Friendly, affectionately.

ijKs-.yi dostani, Friendly, affectionate.

dost-bin, The twenty-second
day of the month, of the era of Jalalu 'd-
din.

i\ ta~»jO dod-afsos. Grieving for a
friend ; causing grief to friends.

<^~.yi dod-angez, Exciting (strife
between) friends.

r^-j^ dost-tar, A greater friend, more
friendly ; — dost-tar ddshtan. To love more.

^5^4. is^-jj dosUkhoy, Of a friendly dispo-
sition, amiable.

ui~.yi dod-ddr, A friend; lover,
lovingly.

dost-ddri, Friendship; love.
f-y> dostar (for dost-tar), Dearer, prefer-
able.

ut^^vj dosl-ruy, Amiable, agreeable,
pleasant.

dost-hdm, A lover, friend ; a
sweetheart ; a cup of wine which a lover
drinks to his mistress's health ; any busi-
ness which succeeds to the wishes of one's
friends.

u-Ls^jj dost-Mml, Prosperity (a friend's
wish).

dosl-kan, Loved ; a lover ; a

goblet.

jbix^j doet-kdni, Wine drunk at an
entertainment, or with a mistress or friend ;
a large draught, full bumper drunk to the
health of a lady or friend ; a cup, glass, or
wine-vessel.

(;)\Ss«.j j dost-gdn, Beloved ; a mistress.

dost-gdna, A toast to a mistress.

4 ) js^j

<&£ s —y* dost-gin, Clammy, ropish sub-
stance.

s***~yi dostamba, saju-^j dostanda, Folded
(flower); manifold.

y\y-*y* dostwdr, Friend-like, friendly.

^y—yi dosti, Friendship ; love, affection ;
— dosti ddshtan (kardan), To contract or
cultivate friendship.

yi^ dusar, Oats ; tares ; — du sar, Two
heads or two-headed; — du sari dihliz, The
four elements ; the five senses ; — du sari
qindil, The seven planets ; any glittering
star; the firmament.

a (»5 J V"J ,, dawardni, Large, thick, hard
(a camel).

<^j- J J du-sare, A kind of tent ; a linen
cover for a travelling-litter.
dosgar, A plasterer.

4<a- y> du sattiba, Folded together;
doubled.

M—y* doeand, Adhesion ; curvature.

SAi-.jo dosanda, dosinda, Sticking, adhe-
sive ; curved, bent; mixed, pounded; ad-
hesive mud.

is£»-> y* du sang, Two stones ; namely,
the mountains Safa and Marwah, near
Mecca.

t)*^-* J dosgln, Adhesive.

y* du-suuri, Parting of braided

hair.

s~* yi du sih, Two or three ; — du sih bari,
Two or three times ; — du sih qindil (two or
three candles), The stars ; — du sih wairan
(wairdna) dih, The seven climes.

^j^yi dosidagl, A cleaving, sticking.

yV-jj dosidan, To plaster, incrust, be-
daub ; to glue, cement, stick together; to
adhere, cleave close to; to collapse; to
arrive ; to incline, bead ; to be benumbed
in the limbs ; to shake up and down, or
backwards and forwards ; to move for-
ward ; to apprehend.

s-Wy* doslda, Plastered, incrusted, &c.
(see the preceding).

Jfyi dosh (S. dot), The shoulder; (S.
dosha) last night ; a dream ; a kind of lac
with which they fasten knife-handles;
solder for metals; foolish, stupid; right
over against ; (imperative of doshidan, or
dokhtan) milk ; [dosh bar-zadan, To shrug
the shoulders for joy; to be proud; — dosh
khumrdan. To receive a stroke on the back ;
— dosh dadun, To help, to assist; — dosh
zadan, To shrug the shoulders in disap-
proval ; to contend with ; — dosh kardan, To
dream ; to occur, meet, fall plump upon ;]
— dawish, A running.

dosha, Milch; spunged upon.

^At.y>dosh-db, Syrup of grapes or dates;
anything upon which milk is poured;
milch.

J ^ u^Ujj doshab-dil, Who wishes at every
moment for something else.

J j .^jUyj doshdb-dili, A continual change

( 545 )

of wish, as the longings of a pregnant
woman.

•fa\*>yi doghdbgar, A maker of syrups.

fc^A yi dushdkh, The pillory ; a gold-
wrought girdle.

yi du-shahha, Bifurcated ; the pil-
lory ; — du-shdkha kardan, To place in the
pillory.

lijjj^ J^yi dosh-anhdaM, From whose
shoulders serpents have sprung (the tyrant
Zahhak).

yj-jLfcjcj doshdnidan, To milk ; to cause
to milk,

<^*aI* yi du-shdhm, The handle of a pair
of scales ; the constellations of the Eagle
and Lyre ; a falcon for hunting.

fcjW^ dosh-jumbdn, Moving or

shaking the shoulders (see yW- 1 ^- s-J^).

.ut du-shuda-band (who puts two

and two together?), An imperial historio-
grapher.

^•yi duthah, A kid ; a cat ; a carpet ;
bedding; a quilt.

y.£i>j dosh-kan, A short garment hang-
ing from the shoulders.

doshgar, A plasterer.

JUAjj doth-mal, A towel used by but-
chers.

y> dushambah, Monday.
^xiji,^ doshandanl, What is to be milked,
a lactiferous animal, milch.

tjui^j doshanda, A milker; a shepherd,
a herdsman.
<UAjJ doshana, A milk-pail.
dushw&r, Difficult.

doshwan, A breast-plate, sto-
macher.

&±yi dosha, A milking-pan or pail.
yXj±yi doshidan. To milk ; to take,
^yj^js-jj doshidani, Fit to be milked,
milch.

jjk-Ajj doshlda, Milked ; any milkable
animal ; milch ; a woman with large
breasts ; twins.

ytf^j^j doshlzagdn (pi. of doslnza), Vir-
gins ; — doshlzagdni jannat, Virgins of Para-
dise.

dosMzagl, Virginity, maidenhead ;
— doshtzagi burdan, To deflower.

t^J>>yi dosMza, A virgin.

y.^^ doshln, Last night's.

"U^Ajj doshina, Last night's ; a shoulder-
load.

cJo8W*ia-sAati, Yesternight.

A ifiy> (ZdiiS, =s (j-j^ q.v.

yjbo^o liii saA» (two trays), Earth and
sky.

^ yi du sad. Two hundred; — du sad u
lih sad, Two hundred and three hundred ;
(met.) a large number of enemies.

a du-tarfi, Mutual ; on both

sides.

a iAJAJ » j o du tifli pasandlda (rf nur,

jJua hinduj, The pupils of the eyes.

o^jt jj du tutl (two parrots), The lips of
a mistress.

a J J 'wfwi, Saturn and Jupiter.

a y£> y* du 'aiydritarrdr (two roguish
cut-purses), Day aud night.

£y> dog]j, (S. dugdha), Churned sour
milk, whey, butter-milk; a reed ; name of
a medicine ; — dogh khwurdan, (met.) To be
mistaken ; to commit au error ; — dogb
sadan, To churn.

W £>J dogh-dba, Food prepared with
milk.

dogjt.bd, Butter-milk dried.
yty> doghu. Sediment of butter or oil.
^J 1 * dogfe-wd, Meat dressed with sour
milk.

Hyi do({lta, *j-£j>> doghina, A strainer for
purifying oil or butter ; dregs of oil or
melted butter.

a <~iyi dauf (v.n.), Moistening, macera-
ting; braying musk.

•*r* ) r^u°;* ) J du qursi garm u sard, The
sun and moon.

JjjJ du-quli, Twins (?).

y*yi duqu, {j*f>)J dilqus (G. SaSwos), Seed
of wild carrot.

a dw-qaull, Duplicity of speech,

falsehood.

^iyi duk, A woman's spindle ; name of a
desert;— dok, A dojk (m.c. from E.).

\Zyi dukd, A -Russian coin (ducat?), = 3
mandt (see tU»).

jjLS yi du-kdrd, Scissors, shears ; smoked ;
a blow upon the chest • — du-kdrdi firm, A
pair of shears.

tsl^j-J du Mk, The pupils of the eyes.

^yidukdn (erroneous reading for
A shop ; — dukdn chldan, To shut up shop ;
— dukdni mai-farosh, A wine-tavern, vint-
ner's shop.

^jy\j <j^)J dukdn-ddri, Shop-keeping ;
flattery.

u'^j-J dukdni, Shop-keepicg ; a shop-
keeper.

«s)jj duk-tardsh, A spindle-maker.
dvkji, A ball of thread.
&*a£y> diikcha, A small spindle ; the woof,
or the thing round which it is wound.
a \j^yi dukddn, A spindle-case.
<uAj diyi duk-rishta, A whirl put upon a
spindle, to give it a circular motion.

u~*^)»> duk-rig, Sewing with cotton
thread.

i_S^J duk-rlsa, = 6 ^'j q.v.

Z yi du-kaei, Fit for two ; — du kase,
Two persons.

(; ^Jt ; jiS' du ka'baiain, The sun and
moon.

iiS yi du kulah-ddr. The sun and
moon; day and night; two powerful
kings.

6iy< yi du kuna, The two hips.
\jb£ y> du-kohd, &Us^ yi du^kohdna,
Double-humped (Bactrian camel).

(

U^jj dug an, In twos, two and two ;
double.

tttf )■* du-gdna, Two, double, a pair,
twins ; binary ; of two sorts ; two genu-
flexions in prayers ; — dugdna eddan, To
bring forth twins.

dugdna zdyanda, Twin-bearing

(female).

du gdwi jplr, The sign Taurus
and the Ox (the latter as tiller of the
ground) ; night and day,

d -*»*» )\S )•> du guv-peeha, Day and night.

*>\X )•> dii-gah, Name of a musical note.

s jV e> ^.J J & u gdhwara, Heaven and earth.

JUajS' } j du-gosh-mdl, Troublous timeB ;
a serious disaster (probably misreading
for or corruption of dauri gosh-mdl, q.v.
under > } S).

o*T ) J du-goshl, A turban with two ends
banging down ; a two-handed ewer.

tof ^ du guna., Both cheeks.

i J du gauhar, Spirit and understand-
ing.

<j~>f^J du-git't, This world and the next.

a J^J dwwal, diwal, dawal (pi. of dulat),
Riches, wealth, strokes of good fortune.

J^J dol, A bucket, milk-pail, pitcher;
the hopper of a mill ; the sign Aquarius ;
a deceitful, Bhameless person ; base, ig-
noble ; the mast of a ship ; a purse ; —
duwal, The bark of the olive-tree.

S yi du-ld, ,^15 »J du-ldy, Double, two-
fold.

dola, A pitcher, ewer; a water-
bucket.

a s-»^ J dauldb, dftldb (for the following),
A water-whee!.

vV> dol-db, A wheel, especially for
raising water to overflow fields ; a machine
in the walls of monasteries, hospitals, or
lazarettos, into which people on the outside
put victuals or other necessaries (some-
times also superfluities, as children), and
then, turning it upon its axis, leave them
to be carried off by those within ; a store-
house, pantry, buttery, locker ; a labyrinth :
trick, fraud, machination ; a drum ; a ditch;
profit ; commerce ; hard usage ; diabetes ;
— doldbi sufra-khdna, A buffet, side-board
(m.c.) ; — doldbi mind, The sky.

sj^J doldb-rang, (Turning) like a
water-wheel (applied to the heavenly
sphere).

y\jjf v>5jJ doldb-garddn, Trading, carry-
ing on commerce.

^Ij/ doldb-garddni, Trade carried
on with another's capital.

djSjO doldba, A water-wheel ; a pantry.
doldbi, Belonging to a water-wheel,
Ac. (see >r>V)-

A uuSjo duldi, Vicissitudes, changes.
<uSy> dulana, A fruit like a red apple.
ju^Sj j dolband, A turban, or the sash.
►! ) Jii-^J daul-band u bast, The rent-

546 )

J*

*iJj-> daulat-bar-anddz, Govern-

roll of a district, drawn out at the begin-
ning of a year, showing the sum expected
to be realized.

A S^j daulat (v.n. of Jj J ), Going round
each other in combat ; good turn of for-
tune ; felicity, wealth, victory ; power, do-
minion, empire; a state, reign, dynasty;
(construed with dkhir shudan, dmadan,
Jchuftan, ddthtan, randan, ydftan) ; [dan-
lati tez, Speedy good-fortune ; — daulati
khwdbida, Sleeping, i.e. adverse fortune ; —
daulati dunyd, Worldly felicity ; — daulati
'usmdniya, The Ottoman empire ; — daulati
'urniA, The mighty empire ; — daulati 'aliya,
The high imperial house (of Timur) ; —
daulati yundn, The kingdom of Greece ;] —
dulat, Change of time, fortune, or happi-
ness; felicity in the next life.

a (j 4 *- 5 ^ ujjJ daulat-andesh, Taking care
of the empire

ment- subverting, revolutionary,

a iUi daulat-pandh, Asylum of em-
pire ; where fortune finds a refuge

a JiWJjO daulat-Tchdna, A palace ; a
house ; your house ; — daulat-kjidna'i khds.
The king's palace.

a \m- utJjJ daulat- khudd, Wealthy,
powerful.

a <_s?W utJjJ daulat-khudd't, daulati-
kjmdd'i, Riches, prosperity, happiness ; one
whose bounty is overflowing,

a

I, me.

a u^V* U! -f} J daulat- khwahi, Good-will.
a lj- daulat-eard, A palace ; your

house.

a «tJjj danlat-girdy, Eager for power
or dominion.

a «-JjJ daulat-gazdy, Who oppresses
people on account of newly-acquired good
fortune.

a sViS clAjJ daulaUgiydh, A lucky herb.

a j\jujJjJ daulat-maddr, Abode of felicity.

a jj^jJjO daulat-mand, Rich, fortunate,
happy; a rich man ; cause, occasion, effect.

a ^sJUtjdjj daulattnandi, Riches, wealth,
good fortune.

a (jJj-i daulati, Rich, fortunate, prosper-
ous, happy ; prosperity ; royal, belonging
to tbe State (m.c).

a (^-sSjJ daulatain (oblique case of the
dual), The two States (m.c).

a <r>\i m-J)0 daulat-ydb, Prosperous, for-
tunate.

dolcha, A leathern bucket.
i^iij-i dulakhja, A ball of thread ; name
of a bird.

yl^j dol-miydn, A purse; a letter-bag
carried round the waist.

y )■> du lit, Doubled, folded, lined.

daula, A whirlwind, hurricane; a
cup; a circle; a ringlet; — diila, A circle ;
an ascent, steep ; fraud, trick ; a sigh.

u^JjJ daulat-khwdh, Well-wisher;

( 547 )

groan, howl ; the belly; a stupid, conceited
fellow ; a whirlwind ; a lizard ; earth, dust ;
— dawala, A goblet.

daula-char, The revolving sky.

tj) -i dawali, Fraud, deceit.

a pjj daum (v.n.), Continuing, lasting.

fy> duwum, Second; the ring-finger ; in-
ferior; — duwum, The second.

O^r* y 1 du maty an, The lips of a mis-
tress.

« J** j* 3 du mirrikhi zarb-fi'l, y>

4*/* ^ M mirri/chi zuhal-simd, Two
rings of a chain.

du-maghz (two-kernelled), An al-
mond ; also —
*y*~ )J du-maghza, Pat, stout.
a Jy-~ du manzil, This world and the
next.

isy du-muy, A man half grey-headed ;

= tsr* ; J q-v.

kj"}' 5 du-muya, Beginning to grow grey.
^j-i duwumi, The second.

<iw mektt, The two poles.
t>^»> fJ« wit The second,
vjk ^sU~* du ntind'i tarab, A cup of
wine.

A f$y* dawn (v.ii.), Being low, vile, con-
temptible, or weak ; — dun, Base, mean,
despicable ; below, under, short of, inferior
to ; near ; above ; behind ; after ; name of
a village near Dinawar.

»V» j yU du ndni garm u sard,
t>t&> ndni raiigin, <iU* j«J du ndni
falak, The two loaves, hot and cold, two
coloured loaves, or two loaves of the sky,
i.e. the sun and moon.

A. isliyj duTtak, Take it, seize it (lit. it is
before you, in your reach,
^j&ijij dawandagl, A running, a racing.
MjA d-awanda, Running ; a racer.

dtingi, A pinnace, smack, dingy.
afy y^o dun-nawdss, A patron of the

duna, A decov-bird by a net; a bas-
ket of leaves ; — duna tarki, A kind of
aniseed.

o ut~ȣ> d%n~Kivvmat, Base ; ungrate-
ful.

o l _ s i **> ©j^ dwi-himmatl, Low -minded -
ness.

dUnl, A long swift vessel ; negli-
gence.

a duni, Baseness, inferiority.

I*s du mm, Two halves ; divided in
two ;— dn-nhn zadan (hnrdan), To divide
in two, to halve.

duwum, da,!Vum,A. gum-bearing tree.

f_) du-wer, A writer ; a school- master,
teacher of languages.

cycles )J du haraii hdfir, The fascina-
ting eyes or pendent ringlets of a mistress.

S\-y*A ^ du Jiamzdd, Twins.

JiA» l _ s ^-*> ^ du Mnduyi tifi (^v^ ehanluu) ,
The pupils of the eyes.

a JyJ dawd (v.n.), Ailing ; — dawiy, Any-
thing, any person ; a singing noise or
tinkling in the ear; the humming of bees
or birds, the rustling of wind, &c.

dawi, A cheat, deceiver, knave ; —
duwi, Two and two.

a uwjj dawet (by Imalah for «^J) f An
ink-holder or pen-case.

a jjAf u^ojo dawet-dshur, Stick for mixing
ink.

ajl-V-jJ dawe-ddr (for dawet*ddr), One
who carries an ink-stand.

(j&jj'J dawidagl, A running.

CjJ4y> dawidan, To run; to make haste
to serve; to flow; to spring up, be carried
high ; — bar ruy dawidan, To speak fluently ;
— dar tahi post (dar rag u pay) dawidan,
To penetrate into one's veins and nerves.

8j>5*> dawira, A leathern strap used at
dice (see ^jl} JV)'

duwid) Two hundred ; — duwiat
dirami shar% Fifty-four tolas, five inashas
and two grains.

«sl> du yak, The last breath.

JijJ duwel, Fraud, cheat, trick ; coarse
silk from a cocoon, in which two silkworms
were enclosed.

duyurn, duyumln, The second ;

a deputy.

^fjj du'l, Duality ; duplicity.

t-i dak, Ten ; indicating sometimes a>
large, sometimes a small number ; displea-
sure ; annoyance, trouble ; curses, impre-
cations ; commanding what is right and
forbidding what is wrong ; [dah chand,
Ten-fold, ten times; — dah (for dih?) dar
dunyd, eattar (perhaps for satdn) dar
dkhirat, Give in this world, and receive in
the next, or, perhaps, ten in this world, a
hundred in the next (a benediction used
by mendicants) ; — dah dirami shar'l, Two
tolas, eight mashas, and ten grains and a
half ;] — dih, A town, village ; (imp. of da-
dan) give thou ; strike thou ; (in comp.)
a giver ; [dihi wtran, The world ; the hu-
man body ;] — duh, A tail (seems doubt-
ful).

dahd, The ten days of the Muhar-
ram ; the models of the tombs of Hasan
and Husain, or the model of a building
containing the tombs, which are carried
about in procession during those ten days ;
on the tenth day the tombs are bviried, or
in some places thrown into water; the
building, if made of cheap materials, sbarea
the same fate ; if costly, it is carried back
and deposited in the Dargah or Karb&la.

a dahd' (v.n. of ^J), Being subtle,
penetrating; ingenuity, shrewdness, saga-
city.

a io^fcJ dahd'at (v.n. of 0 Jt ' i ), Being sa-
gacious, subtle, cunning, astute.

a t'ufcj duhdi (pi. of dahl, in P. some-
times spelt «a\j>^), Ingenious, sly.

( 548 )

uuUj dihat (A. pi. of dih), Villages, the
country.

soUo dih-d-dih, From every part, from
all quarters ; from place to place ; war-
cry, din of battle ;~dih-d-dih zadan (guf-
tan), To raise a battle-cry.

jVe>o dahdr, A grotto, caveru, cleft in a
mountain ; excellence ; learning, wisdom ;
a clamour, a cry for help.

jVfco dahdz, jUo dahdzh, Clamour, noise ;
a grotto, cavern ; — dihdn, Former site of a
village ; cleft of a mountain.

so dah-asba, With (the swiftness of)
ten horses.

a j^>o dihdg, Full (cup) ; cup after cup.

a kiVfco dahdqinat, dahdqin (pi.

of dihqdn), Chief men of Persian villages ;
industrious.

>d\ so dah ok, Ten vices ; name of the
tyrant Zahhak, who was notorious for ten
defects of body or mind, viz. ugliness of
feature, shortness of stature, excessive
pride, indecency, gluttony, scurrility,
cruelty, precipitance, falsehood, and cow-
ardice; — dahdk, Places of tens in arith-
metic.

a_)*)U>o dahdllz (pi. of dihliz), Vesti-
bules

a fUj duham, Black ; a stallion-camel
(see

yUj dahdn, dihdn, The mouth ; an ori-
fice ; — dahdn ban mdndan. To remain open-
mouthed with astonishment ; — dahdni
pusht, Anus ; — dahd7ii zaigkam, The first
point in the constellation Leo ; — dah an-
gusht ba-dahdn (bar dahdn) giriftan. To be
weak, helpless, powerless; to submit; to
lament. (See also ^ao.)

a y\*>o dihdn, Red leather shining with
oil ; (pi. of duhn), oils, ointments, un-
guents ; gentle rains moistening only the
surface of the ground ; — dahhdn, One who
makes or presses oil.

0-4 yl&o dahdn-band, A month-veil ; a
muzzle.

a duhdnij, Going fast with short
steps ; a two-humped camel.

5;o ^Uo dahdn-dara, Yawn ; one who
yawns ; a narrow pass between mountains.

yzf ylao dahdn-gir, Who prevents another
from idle talk.

&>U>o dahdna, Anything which resembles
the mouth; the mouth of a river; the
opening of a valley ; the bit of a bridle ; a
weaver's instrument; anything with which
the edge of a knife or hatchet is covered
for the^ safety of carriage j rust of brass ;
verdigris ; a precious stone of a greenish
colour, malachite.

y-V^j dahdnidan, dihdnidan, To cause
to give.

so dih-bdsh, Tame, domestic.

t s o dah-bdshi, The head-man of ten,
a corporal (m.c).

(for

A e^*J dahbarraj (for P. dah parr a),
Ten-feathered.

80 dah-baraga, = q.v. (doubtful

word, the second component of which seems
unintelligible; probably it is a misreading
for so q.v.).

> 80 dah bist, Ten or twenty.

soyl> 80 dah pdnzdah (ten, fifteen, namely
charms), Beauty, ornament, adornment; —
dah pdnzdah ddri, Thou possessest beauty
and adornments of every kind.

gH so dah-panj, 5J dah-panji, Bad

money, false coin.

yjj so dah tag, A wooden shoe.

so dah chand, Ten times as much.

^■us? so dah-chandagi, Ten-fold ; a word
with which they return a salutation.

«W&o dihchah, A husbandman ; peasan-
try, subjects.

80 dah hawds, The five external and
the five internal senses.

(jjl^iJko dih-khdn, dih-khudd, Lord

or head-man of a village.

^ua- so dah khatani, The ten fingers.

yolo so dah dddan, Reviling anyone by
holding up the ten fingers to his face;
contradicting ; hating, detesting.

jlo 8o dih-ddr, Head-man of village or
township.

a ^jOAO duhdwrrain, A trifling, futile
thing ; a lie,

a!o so dah-dila (of ten hearts), Fickle,
faithless ; one who is perpetually changing
his creed ; brave, courageous.

so so dah-dah, <j*«> «•> dah-dahi, Pure
gold.

a yfco da.hr, Time ; eternity ; vicissitudes
oE time ; fortune ; adverse fortune, cala-
mity ; God as ruler of destiny ; the world ;
custom, habit, mode, manner ; — dahri
ddhir, Adverse fortune ; — dahri dahdrir,
Severe times ; — dahri eafed-daet, Youthful
fortune ; — dahri kasa-garddn, This lower
world ;— fi. auwali 'd-dahr, Now long ago.

A "^G>o dahran, Perpetually.

ASyfco dah-raga, Strong, muscular, brave;
experienced in business ; zealous ; a bas-
tard.

a jj*^ yfeo dahr-nikuhl, A blaming of
fortune.

so dah run, Ten days (to designate a
short space of time).

8y*o dahra, A reaping- sickle ; a pruning-
hook ; a farrier's instrument for paring
horses' hoofs ; a small two-edged, sickle-
formed, sharp dagger; — dahra'i subh,
Morning light.

a (jsr* 0 dahri, Secular, temporal, worldly.

yioyso dah riah (ten beards), A thick
beard.

^sly so dah-zabdni, Loquacity, talkative-
ness.

a u~fco dahs, A plant not yet of a green
colour; soft soil without sand, dust, or clay.

(J -JW ( 549 )

JL. so dah sal, Ten years ; the planets (a
term of science) ; a large wave.

yls—ftj dahistdn, A town in Tabaristan ;
—dihietdn, Abounding in villages.

A yiAJ dahsh (v.n.), Striking with con-
sternation ; — dahaeh (v.n.), Being amazed,
dumbfounded, bewildered.

ltAj dihish, A gift, alms ; liberality.
a &£AJ dahshat, Amazement, wonder;
strangeness ; fear, terror ; — dahshat burdan
(kardan), To terrify; — dahshat Jthwurdan,
To feel terrified.

0"4-a«> dahasht, dahieht, Union, unanimity,
resemblance; singularity; uniqueness

o dahshat-anddz, Spreading

terror, terrific.

ay£i\ «~i.c>j dahshat-angez, Horrible.

a ii!U c^jjs^ dahshatndk, Alarming.
dihishta, A free gift, an alms.

jyl&j dihighwar, Bountiful, liberal.

a. ijb&j dahs (v.n.), Hastening, haste; —
dahas, Thinness of the eye- brows and of the
hair ; — dihs, A layer of bricks above the
foundation of a wall.

a (>fcJ dahq (v.n!), Breaking or cutting ;
— dahaq (v.n.), Torturing; torture, the
rack.

a yUftj dihqan, duhqdn (from P. dih~
khan or dihgdn), Chief man or magistrate
of a village, prince or head of the farmers
(among the Persians) ; a husbandman, cul-
tivator of the ground ; a historian ; a min-
strel, bard ; — dihqdni pir, Old wine ; well
versed in history ; — dihqdni khuld, The
porter of Paradise named Rizwiin ; Mu-
hammad.

a Jjy ytaaj dihqdn-naward, Register, his-
tory.

a ulUao dahqdni, dihqdni, Tillage, hus-
bandry ; a husbandman.

a iiiftj dahqanai (v.n. of Ap-
pointing to the office of dihqan ; the magis-
tracy of a village; farming business;
agriculture ; shrewdness.

A csXao dahh (v.n.), Breaking, bruising ;
grinding; trampling the ground; copula-
ting ; —dahak, Name of a village near
Shiraz ; also of a village near Wiisit.

dihak (dim. of dih), A small vil-
lage.

^IX&j dihkdni, Agriculture ; a sown
field.

sjXfcj dih-kada, A village.

_yjU^ so dih-kashdwarz, A village hus-
bandman.

dih-hiyd, A certain fruit cooked
with meat; chief man or magistrate of a
village.

ytS&j dihgdn, A farmer, sower ; a his-
torian.

Q^ij dah-gdn dah-gdn, In tens.

^jAS^j dahgdni, A certain gold coin ; —
diJiga.nl, Tillage, husbandry ; a husband-
man.

jSi<y dihgar, A villager.
ifjS 5j dah-gazi, Of ten cubits' length.
Jaj duhul, A drum, tabor -,—dahul ba
bcda'i bam burdan. To beat the drum ; —
duhul zadan, To beat a drum ; — duliul ziri
gilim zadan, To try to conceal what is no-
torious ; — duhnli yak ruya, A single drum
(opp. to duhuli du-riiya, A double drum).

jl» Jaj duhul-bdz, A drummer ; a small
brass drum fastened to the saddle when
hawking, and struck whilst the falcon is
on the wiug, to animate him to hunt for
and kill his prey.

Jaj duhul-darida, Disgraced,
yj Jaj duhul-zan, j\f duhul-nawdz,
A drummer.

dihlu, The city of Delhi.
Al*>J dahla, A thorny plant ; a bridge.
0 l*»> dihll, The city of Delhi,
a ^1*^ dihliz, dihliza, A vestibule,

place between two gates, or between the
outer gate and the house ; — dihlizi qalb,
The auricle of the heart.

a dihlizi, Rumours, vague reports

(properly eukhuni dihlizi).

A dahm (v.n.), Coming suddenly,
rushing upon ; a multitude, a large num-
ber -—duhm, The last three (moonless)
nights of the month.

dahm, A tree or shrub which emits
a pleasant odour when burnt; a laurel; —
dahum, ,_s**J dahumi, The tenth.

t)UiJ (^jj sinyu) duhmdn, Evening
prayers.

a i*fi>j duhmat, Blackness,
ajj+fcj dah-marda, A company of ten
men ; a captain over ten men ; belonging
to ten, i.e. many, men ; — dah inarda kdr
kunad, He works for ten ; — jdmi dah marda,
A cup sufficient for many men ; — zori dah-
marda, The strength of ten men.

)S ij^jfcj dahmarda-go (tSj* goy)< One
who talks for ten, extremely loquacious,
garrulous.

J dahmast, dahamast, The laurel.

t^-"* *J dihi maehini idrvs, The
heaven of amber.

u..».tAo dahamasht, = — q.v.

^f+bj dah-mubad, A priest of the fire-
worshippers.

t_y**J dahumi, dahumin, The tenth.

a dahn (v.n.), Anointing, oiling;
beating with a stick ; slightly moistening
the ground (rain); — duhn, Oil, unguent;
slight rain ; a tribe in Tainan.

y^J dahan, The mouth ; orifice ; also
covering of a vessel ; bit of a bridle ; —
dahan az ham gushddan, To open the
mouth ; — dahan ba-db kashidan, To rinse
the mouth ; — dahan tar kardan, To investi-
gate, to inquire ; — dahani teg]i (shamshir),
Edge of a scimitar; — dahani tir, Notch of
an arrow; — dahani chine ddshtan, To have a
thing in readiness ; — dahan-aah shirin shud,

0» J

( 550 )

He was bribed ; he became conciliated ; —
dahan, gkuncka kardan, To purse the lips
(for kissing, &c.) ; — dahani farang, Melo-
chiteB (see i^eo) ; — dahani kasebastan (shirin
kardan), To bribe ; to conciliate ; — dahani
muhra-ddr, A mouth with all its teeth un-
impaired; — bar (dar) dahan zadan, To
strike on the mouth ; — dar dahan (dahani
'dm) uftddan, To become the talk of the
people, to be defamed. (See also c^**>.)

■iUao dahndd, Order, series, arrangement.
t>*>> dahan-bdz, The tooth-ache tree.

te—i t>*>J dahan-baeta, Muzzled.

An f^Aj dahan-band, The covering of the
mouth ; a woman's veil ; a muzzle.

Wfi dahan-bos, Kissing the mouth.

A e^** 1 dahnaj, dahanaj, duhanij, A gem
resembling au emerald.

o* V* dahan-kliwani, Blame, reproof.

Sjj dahan-dara. Yawning, gaping ; —
dahan-dara kardan, To yawn.

SAijj yjfcj dahan- darlda, A vain babbler j
shameless.

^.waj dihandagi, A giving ; liberality.

ixutj dihanda, dihinda, A giver ; (a wo-
man) giving or prostituting (herself).

y jjS u^i-vfc t^t-i dahan-hushd'i ghibat
kardan, To open the mouth of detraction.

>_a£ y»j dahan-kaf, Drivel ; — dahan-kaf
kardan, To drivel, to slaver.

a dah-nuh, Ninety ; (met.) ornament,
decoration; diminution, depreciation ; any
two things of equal value.

aaa J dahana, An orifice; a fissure; the
jaws ; a notch ; the bit of a bridle (m.c.) ;
— dahana'i rud-khdna, The mouth of a
river ; — dahana'i farang, Jasper ; a pre-
cious stone of a thick greenish colour, me-
lochites ; — dahana'i ligam, The bit of a
bridle.

dah-nlni, An old coin ; tax of 5 per

cent.

)J»<i dihii, A mountain (called also Ttohun,
and by the Portuguese Pico d'Adam) in
the island of Ceylon, where the Persians
believe Adam lived, when banished from
Paradise.

j\<> } i j dih-u-ddr, Give and take ; tumult,
conflict, noise of combatants ; pomp, pride.
a. jjtoj duhiir (pi. of dahr), Ages, times.
jt$ ^ dih-u-gir, = ;W j »^ q.v.
yy&J dahun, Mouth ; orifice ; recital from
memory ; memory ; — a% dahun khipdndan,
To say by heart.

SjAJ dahwa, = d*>* q.v. (probably a mis-
reading). _

" ten first days of the
; tens ; — dih-hd, Vil-

Us>> dah-hd, The
month Muharram
lages.

jVjA sj dah hazdr,

o\>V>

i-i dah hazdrdn,
Ten thousand ; the fourth game at nard.

ct-AA isj dah-haft, Name of an ancient
coin.

dahi, Pure gold.

a ^5*0 dahy (v.n.), Being shrewd, subtle,
or ingenious; ingenuity, sublety, sagacity;
craftiness; — dahi, Iugenious, sagacious;
subtle, sly, cunning.

dihid (imp. of dddan), Give ye;
strike ye.

dihldih, A mutual gift; war,

battle.

uiW*^ dah-yak, A tenth part, one out of
ten ; — dah-yak kardan, To decimate.

qU-, « J dah-yak-sitdn, 4^^*21* io dah-
yak-giranda, A tithe-taker.

dihim, The crown of the kings of

Persia.

dihln, dahin, Biestings.
dahina, Biestings ; mouth, orifice
(unsupported).

ajjj tii dah yopad, Enjoining what is
right, and forbidding what is wrong.

t jji «o dah yoda, Ten, ten units.

dai, Name of the tenth mouth of the
solar year ; winter, or the first month of
it, December ; name of the ninth (?) daj
of the month ; name of an angel presiding
over the affairs of the month dai, and of
the eighth, fifteenth, iind twenty-third
day of every month ;■ — di, Yester (see jjjjJ
and s-«£j^).

A )li>> diydr (pi. of dar), Houses, man-
sions; (pi. of dairat) circuits, regions,
districts ; — daiydr, Anyone ; the head of a
convent (dair).

a fa j^.J diydr-bakr, The country called
anciently Mesopotamia.

loybj diydqudd, A beverage extracted
from poppy.

a a*Hsj daydlima (pi. of dailam), The
Dailamiles.

a (jjtjJ daiydn, A requiter of good and
evil; hence an epithet of God; a con-
queror, a subduer ; a judge, umpire, admi-
nistrator.

a £i\jj diydnai (v.n. of Embracing,
adhering to religion ; conscience, honesty,
piety, virtue, integrity ; — arbdbi diydnat,
Religious persons ;— ahii diydnat, .Reli-
gious.

cuJVjo diydnat-ddr, Just, honest,
pious; — diydnat-ddri, Piety; honesty, up-
rightness.

a jS ui-jUj diyanat-gar, Pious; just, ho-
nest ; — diydnat-garl, Piety ; honesty.

u 5, y^ J daydnosh, The man who sold
'Azra.

s-?.J dib, Name of a sea-port in India.

W.J dibd, Brocade ; the eye of a mistress ;
the tenth of the month ; — dibd'i ]>ukhta dar
pukhta, Silk interwoven with gold and
silver ; — dibd'i shab-afross (slab aridar roz),
An Indian silk-stuff, taffeta; — dibd'i shush-
tar ddshtan, To havu many colours, to be
variegated ; — dibd'i mu'allam, Embroidered
cloth.

jV} W j dibd-bdf, A brocade-manufacturer.

( 551 )

a bWjo dibdj for P. «Wa«>), A vest of bro-
cade, or cloth of gold, with a rich edging ;
frontispiece of a book.

**Wj«> dibdja, ^lo^ dibdcha, The preface,
exordium, or preamble to a book (as being
generally written in an ornamental style,
and adorned with gilding and other deco-
rations) ; a cheek; — naqshi dibdja-rd
muhri mom sdkhtan, To make plain and
evident, to reveal.

*** "^WjJ dibaja-band, Composer of a
preface.

o^-Wjj dibdji, A vesture of gold cloth ; a
weaver of brocade.

jj<i Wjj dtbd-doz, A weaver of brocade.

dai-bddin, God ; name of an
angel ; the twenty-third day of the month.

daibdzar, The eighth day of the
month ; the angel who presides over this
day ; sleepy.

j*i<* dibar, Nuptials ; a banquet, feast.

tS)) W>^ dibd-ruy, Of beautiful face.

f^A-i dibdgar, A brocade manufacturer.

t s/W>'» dibdgari, Embroidery ; manufac-
ture of brocade.

jji dxMlpur, A place in thePanjab.

•>»>W>'> debdviand, Name of Tahmuras,

»WiJ dibdh, Gold tissue.

jUjiJ debddr (S. deva-ddru), The Indian
pine.

daibadin, God ; name of an angel ;
the twenty-third day of every solar month.

y*W^*20 dlburjds (?), = (j»Wj;*i»> q.v.

a 0M J dibaq (for P. &*t>i), Brocade.

jv* lS^J dai-ba-mihr, God ; name of an
angel; the fifteenth day of every solar
month.

dai-bud, A double- bordered gar-
ment.

A jyti-* daibuz (from P. du pud), A gar-
ment with a double border.

t-)4^ dibah, ~ sVrfo q.v, ; — Aibahi khusrawi.
Khusrau's third treasure.

u~i ^ dai-pas, A (ravelling companion ;
form, figure, image ; like (doubtful word).

uyUjLij diplomat, Diplomatic (m.c. from
Pr. or E.).

a diyat (v.n. of Paying a mulct
or compensation for manslaughter ; mulct,
fine, damages (construed with budan,
khpdstan, dddan, &c).

a di'sdn. The nightmare.

a )fK<i daijur, Earth, dust; darkness,
obscurity; the night of conjunction of sun
and moon; a dark night without moonlight;
dark; dust-coloured; much dry herbage;
— dhabi daijiir, A very dark night.

Jki-J did (pret. of didan), He saw ; sight ;
the eye; in comp. = dlda, as pak-did, (Who
has seen what is) pure ; — ba-did dwardan,
To produce, to bring to sight.

daidd, Lost, missing ; not mani-
fest.

diddr, Sight, vision, look ; the eye ;

face, countenance, cheek ; appearance ; in-
terview ; manifest, exposed to view.

^irf ^'V.J diddr-blni, Amorous sport, dal-
liance of lovers.

^g^i-J diddrl, Worthy of being seen, fair.

a <y^J daiddn, Manner, custom ; — diddn
(pi. of dud), Worms.

<yW.^ diddn, The first month of winter
(unsupported and doubtful),

fj^i AjJ did-bdzi, Looking about one ;
taking the air ; reconnoitering.

y^-V.J didbdn, A watch, guard ; one who
keeps a look-out from a mountain, a watch-
tower, or a ship's mast.

^^•^•J didbdni, Observation, watching.

y^-ijJ dldagdn (pi. of dlda), Spies,
scouts.

sl£ ajj did-gdh, A prospect ; a watch-
tower.

A 0^ daidan, Custom, habit.

^.•i didan, To see, look, observe ; to
perceive, feel ; to expect, hope for ; to visit
(m.c.) ; — didan kardan, To pay a visit
(m.c.) ; — dldan-am arzad, I am worthy of
being seen or visited ; — ba-didan raftan,
To go to see one, to visit ; — baland didan,
To look high, to exalt oneself ; — past didan,
To look low, to abase oneself; — dar-didan,
— didan ; — wddidan, To meet,

<5>A>>> didani. Fit or worthy to be seen.

jfyjio didawar, Perspicuous, visible.

yl^J didivan, A watch.

^i^J didwdni, An inspector of boats.

jjoj^ ) *H>i did-u-bdz-did, ^ } did-u-
did, JujV) j did u wa-did. An interview.

8A)J dida, Seen, having seen ; the eye ;
anything like the eye, a hole, a mesh, a
ring; the sight; the pupil of the eye; a
wanton, impudent eye ; impudence ; any
place within ken ; a watch-tower ; a spy ; a
sentinel ; — dida db dddan, To feast the eye
upon; — dida'i dhu'i dasM, Blackness; —
dido, bar h&li Jctss na-ddehtan, Not to care
for another's condition; — dida bar-ddshtan,
To expect ; — dida bar-dokhtan, To close the
eyes ; — dida bar-ham kardan(nihddan), dida
bastan (poshidan), To close the eyes ; —
dida'i basirat, The eye of prudence, fore-
sight ; — dida paridan. The eye throbs ;
(met.) to long for, to desire; — dida'i pusht.
Anus ; — dida chun takhti jauhari, A blue
eye ; a blind eye ; — dida chun dastdr kar-
dan, To blind ; — didaH haq-bin, A just, pene-
trating eye; — dida raftan, To become
blind ; — dida roshan (sakkt) kardan bar, To
open the eyes and look upon ; — dida surkh
kardan ba, To covet; to look wantonly
upon ; — dida safed kardan, To blind ; — dida
siydh kardan, To covet ; — dida'i kdfuri,
Blind; — dida'i gdv, Ox-eye (plant); the
star called the Bull's eye; a kind of ar-
mour ; a sort of grape ; — dida giriftan at
lease. To take one's eye-sight, to blind ; —
dida garm shudan, To be on the point of

^ (

falling asleep ; — dida gatm kardan, To
slumber ; to fall in love with ; — dlda gughd-
dan, To open tbe eyes ; — dlda nd-dlda an-
ga&htan, To consider things seen as un-
seen ; to leave other people's business
alone; — dida iwxaufe sUkkt&n (fcartJaii), To
look closely at ; — az dlda khwdstan, To covet
much, to crave for. (See also the phrases
given under

jl» s^j dida-bdz, Throwing the eyes
round.

(;>\+ S^jJ dldabdn, A watch, sentinel ; —
didabani chaharum, The sun ; — didabdni fa-
lak, The sun ; the planet Saturn ; — didabani
kabud-kisdr, The planet Saturn ; any one
of the planets ; — didabdndni 'dlam, The
Bevtsn planets, i.e. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars,
the Sun, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon.
8jj J dida ba-rdh, On the look-out.

^■Xrf dida-biddr, Whose eyes are

wakeful, wide awake, sleepless.

J*>)>, dlda-posk, Veiling the eyes,
jjjj dida-ddr, A sentinel, watch.

^sjt} S -V J dida-rezi, A fatiguing the
eye.

ui^st- ijuj dida-sakhi. Shameless, bare-
faced.

)ft, dida-shor, The evil eye.
(jL£ i*>a dlda-kunan, Attentive, conside-
rate.

iVJsAjj dida-gdh (iS gah), A place whence
observation is made, the station of a spy
or sentinel.

^Sjuij didawdr, Perspicuous, quick-
sighted ; an inspector ; a sentinel.

(^ysjiJ didawdn, The sight (of a gun) ;
a watch, sentinel.

4w!^Jta j jj^j dlda u ddnigta, Seen and
known ; knowingly, wittingly, purposely.
didawar, = j^Jjj q.v.

t4yS--i J didawari, Sharpness of sight.

^o^j didl, dide (for J>>->4J), You see.

f.6 der, dir, Slowly, tardily ; late, after ;
a while ago; a long while; old, antique;
— der dyad durust dyad, Festina lente ; —
der-rav, Slow-paced ; — der shudan, To be
at a great distance; to die; to perish; —
der wd ddshtan, To keep long open ; to
protract ; — der u zud, Slowly or quickly ;
sooner or later.

A^o'^atr, A monastery, convent ; — dairi
tang (sipanji, rind-soz, mukdfat), The pre-
sent world ; — dairi mughdn. A temple of
the Magi ; a tavern ; — dairi mandt, Name
of a temple in which the images of 300
prophets are said to be contained ; — dairi
mind, The sky ; — ra'su 'd-dair, The superior
of a convent or monastery ; an abbot.

^ (»J der-d, Slow in coming ; who acts
with deliberation.

A ft}\)j«> dlrdn (pi. of ddr), Houses, habi-
tations.

derdna, A long time.
ft der-bdr, Long; very remote.

552 ) ^

dtr-baz, The world ; long, tall ; long

ago.

^, }>. J der-pd. Slow-paced ; a centipede ; a
scorpion ; ulways, constant, durable.

tjhj 1 -^ der -pay, Firm, steady ; a spider;
old, decrepit ; a man of good constitution,
who does not soon grow old.

o^i der-pd'i, Durability, firmness.
vs)W y- J der-parwdzT, Flying heavily,
slow.

a >} J ;5 J der-daur, Revolving slowly (Sa-
turnus).

tA^*- der-jumbish, Slow of motion.
a Mi. j>j dair-khdna, A convent.

der-daranda, A procrastinator.
ukMj der-ddsht, Delay (of payment).
jjJ der-der, After a long time, at long
intervals; very late ; very seldom.

§*j jjJ der-ranj, Slow to anger, forbear-
ing.

yJi der «l,Live long ; name of the 27th
day of the month.

J^- der-sal, Old, ancient.
a s-<s£ j>j der-ahazab, Slow to anger;
gentle, mild.

»4?8>J derak, A weevil ; a moth.
T »sJj»j dirak, A mast (m.c).
jjtZji^ diraktor, Director, custodian (m.c,
from F. or E.).

^S^jjJ der-kushdy, Difficult to open
(lock).

sIS*jj der-gdh, Always.

der-gmvdr Q,^jS guwdr&) , Slow of
digestion.

^•asUjij der-mdndagi, Oldness, state-
ness.

O^V* j** 1 der-murdagan, Long since dead
(pi.).

der-mdya, Bile.
•^jj derand, Time, an age; fortune; a
long space of time ; an amulet.

SAjjt j deranda, One slow to act ; time, an
age.

jyS'J di-roz, Yesterday,
e^-jj ji j der-waqt, Much time ; lasting a
long time.

iji>i dira, dera, A house, habitation,
tent.

^jjJ der-hd (pi. of der). Long intervals ;
— pas az der-hd, A long time after.

<_5^J cfert, Late, slow ; slowness, lateness.
der-ydz, Far-stretching, long, long-
some (night).

yju^>^ dirtdan, To rend asunder.
tf.)>4 derin, Old, ancient, of times past.

derlnagi, Antiquity ; perpetuity.
<Ui_jjj derina, Ancient, old ; long, con-
tinual ; wise ; cunning ; — banda'i derina,
An old servant; — 'uhda'i derina, An an-
cient covenant.

<U3jjj derina-hid, Of long existence.
a _y-> i^yJ derina- daur, Of long (con-
tinual, eternal) rotation,
jjy <Uijii derina-roz, Of a great age.

J^-< ^jt-i derina-sal, A decrepit old man ;
long-lived.

den, Colour ; ash-colour ; an ash-colour
with which certain animals are striped
from the head to the tail ; a black colour ;
a citadel ; a sort of cooking-pot ; a kind of
eye-salve ; a hair sieve.

a SjjJ daizaj (from P. deza), A bay
horse; a horse striped black from the
withers to the tail.

yl^jij demnddn, The foet of a boiler; a
trivet.

dezu, A small clay or copper vessel.
tf.s deza, A borse or mule of an ash-colour ;
colour ; a dark colour ; a horse, mule, or
ass marked with a black stripe extending
from the head to the tail ; a fortress.

dezhak, Of an ash-colour (unsup-
ported).

deg, (placed after -words) Like ; as
mdh-des. Like the moon ; (in Hindustan,
from S. desa) a country, province; a day.

Jl~j.> disdl, The past year.

&}li_>j distdna, A woman iu her courses.

<U — ij dimma, A wave.

}\s dis (des)- n&v, A book written by
Mazdak in support of his doctrines.

a— 8 disa, A person.

yfciO desk, Give to him ; give that ; a
gift.

s-* dl-shab, Yesternight,
yfci.^ <_4jj def-raihsh, A note in music.
yaljsyAij difriijae (Si<j>pvy^i), Marcasite.
A usiiJ dik, A cock ; a hen ; — diki hindi,
A turkey.

a dtkat, A hen ; — diyakat (pi. of
dlh), Cocks.

a <*k J <*k •> dik dik, Words used in calling
fowls.

n£>J dig, Yesterday ; — deg, A pot, kettle,
cauldron; a large cannon or mortar; meat
in the pot; a bird's crop; — deg ba-joeh
dwardan, To make the pot boil ; to become
ripe or perfect ; — deg bar b&r ddshian (kar-
dan), To put the pot 011 the trivet for the
purpose of cooking ; — degi eifdlin, An
earthen pot; — degi misin, A copper kettle.

jljit <i<jj deg-afssdr, Pot-herbs, roots,
fruits, or any produce of the garden with
which meat is seasoned ; a pot, large or
small, in which they are cooked; a pot-lid.
<*£>j deg~a,7iddz, A cook.

aH&j dlgana, A tortoise ; a hedgehog,
u<S),j deg-ausdr, = /jit <^.J q.v.

^Jj, \i uiSjj deg-bd-bargi, ^y>. <i£»J deg-
bargl, A pot used by travellers.

csSjj y ijS>j deg bar deg, Pot upon pot (as
piled up in kitchens ; (met.) arsenic.

AM deg-band, A scullion.

^jL&j deg-puy, A trivet, the foot of a
pot.

&iL£>j deg-pdya, A trivet ; a star in
Lyra.

deg-pukht, Cooked in a pot.

553 ) fit

deg-joth, Cooking of food for

the poor.

degcha, A pot, a small cauldron.
Cjto&J degdan, A trivet, tripod, pot-
hook; afire-place; hearth; — degdan sard,
A miser.

j&jj digar, Another, other, more ; the
rest; over again; near; besides, further,
moreover ; again ; some ; any more, any
longer ; hitherto ; afternoon, evening ; —
digar shudan, To alter (circumstances) ; —
digar na-mibandad kwmar, (met.) A thing
is lost ; — du digar, The second, in the
second place ; — sih digar, eidigar, The
third ; in the third place natnazi digar,
Evening prayer.

/» £t-* digar bar, Another time ; once
more.

jjj 0 digar roz, The other day ; yester-
day ; the day after to-morrow.

*j digar rah, Another time, again.

JU j£> 4 digar sal, Next year ; the future.

s-* ;£>J digar shah, Last night.

tyZ digar-gun g-Cina), Altered;

— digar-gun shudan, To change, be dis-
turbed, ruined.

(js»^ fii<s digar-guni, Change, alteration.

iS^i^ digari,A tax on trees and the like.

s-~fc&o dig-tihab, Last night (see ts*<o
dig),

jt$ tsSiJ deg-gir, A cloth wherewith a pot
is taken off the fire, a kettle-holder.

t-~£±A degina, (Meat) dressed in a pot ;
— digina, Of yesterday.

Jj.^ dil, A dot ; the heart ; a fold, cote.

dj^ljLi dil-paya, Stuffed with almonds.

a ^ J dailam, A misfortune ; enemies ;
a crowd ; a male woodcock ; a puddle at a
cistern where ants and tikes swarm ; rest-
ing-place of camels.

ftk^ delam, tjUljJ delaman, Name of a
city in Gilan.

"iUbj delmak, A venomous spider.

a ^s*1j-> dailami, Of Dailam or Delam ;
curly (hair, the people of Delam having
such).

A>J dila, Eye.

a pi* daim (v.n.), Raining gently and
incessantly ; — diyam (pi. of dimat), Inces-
sant but gentle rains, without thunder or
lightning.

^.o dim, Face, countenance, cheek ; lea-
ther.

A y*U!>! daimas, dimds, A bath ; a stove
in a bath ; a den ; a dark dungeon belong-
ing to Hajjaj.

JsUiJ dimdti, A kind of stone found in
the sea ; a sort of hot vapour.

ju^Uij dimdwand, A mountain in Persia.

«U ^ dai-mdh, The month Dai, or first
winter month.

A dimat, An incessant gentle rain
unaccompanied by wind, thunder, or light-
ning).

( 554 )

dimar, Face, countenance, cheek.

a J^i**** daim-zar, A field watered Toy rain
only ; a corn-field.

a dimawand, The mountain Dama-
wand.

daima, Light ; rain ; dew ; corn ; —
dima, Face, cheek.

thc*iJ dimhaj, (in Gilan) Bugloss, bo-
rage.

a <_5*i^ daimi, Nurtured by rain only
(sown fields).

dimydd, Pride, vain-glory, vanity.

yyH<> daimfe, Name of the 16th day of the
Persian month (doubtful).

daimila, Guinea-corn.
demin, daimin, The game of tip-
cat; — dimin, A river-frog (unsupported by
examples).

A dain (v.n.), Borrowing ; lending ;
debt ; [dain hardan, To contract a debt ;
— daini mu'ajjal, A debt payable on de-
mand ; — -daini muwajjal, A debt of which
payment is deferred;] — dm, Faith, reli-
gion; the Muhammad an faitb ; — dim ma-
tin, Firm faith or belief; — din u dunyd
(daulat), Religion and country, church and
Btate.

t$> •> din, Name of the 24th day of the
month; the angel who has charge of the
pen.

U?J dlna, Dinah, daughter of Jacob ; a
judicial decree ; a judge.

A;^i-> dinar (originally j^j dinndr),
A coin ; a gold coin, a ducat, a dinar ; a
weight of gold (variously stated) ; name
of a large bird, a kind of falcon ; (met.)
the sun ; — dindri surkh, A gold coin ; —
dindri siydh, Pirhams ; small coin.

a f+*>\ jW.J dindr-ushmur, A banker, a
money-changer.

a j^'J dinar-bar, Raining gold coins.

a (J** 1 , j^i^ dinSr-bakhsh, Bestowing or
distributing dinars.

a jU»j dindr-dar, Rich, wealthy.

G7*~* dinar-sanj (who weighs money),
Rich, wealthy ; an assayer.

a j*& dlndr-shumur, A bunker,

money-changer.

<4y^i J dinariiya, Wild anise.

a (j;^.** dinwri, A kind of silk ; red
wine.

a )j\ J din-dwar, A possessor of faith ;
a master of divinity ; a religious teacher.

a din-pazir, Who accepts the

faith.

a j> (^i-i din-parast, Religious ; a fire-
worshipper.

a jj^ii din-parwar, A king, a monarch,
defender of the faith.

a ^s))^t^ din-parwari, Defence or che-
rishing of the faith ; monarchy, dominion.

a &jj> dln-pizhuh, puzh'iih, &jj din-
puzhuh, Name of the 15th day of the
month.

a din-pandh, Support or prop of

religion ; a sovereign, defender of the
faith.

a ^aU^-sjiJ din-pandhi, Defence of the
faith ; the office or duty of him who sup-
ports or defends the faith ; royal dignity.

a dain-tamassuM, A bond,

note.

iJ-At dain-dddani, A debtor.
tt^Auo dain-ddr, A debtor; — din-ddr,
Pious, religious.

a i^* Xl 2 J din-ddri, Constancy in religion.
))) o*^ din-roz, The 24th day of the
mouth.

aft WJ^j^jo din-u-dunyd-baz, Religious,
only addicted to God.

ftjj- t S> 3 dinur, dinwar, Religious, faithful;
who knows the law; — dinavar, Name of a
large city in Persian Irak.

— S! J dinisafiis, A thorny plant.
a^o dina, Yesterday.
a dini, Religious.
j>>> dev, div (S. deva), A devil, demon,
genius, spirit, ghost, hobgoblin ; a sort of
woollen armour ; a horse ; anger, passion,
force, violence ; brave ; stratagem, fraud,
deceit ; losing the way, deviating, led
astray; perverse ; — dewi din, Satan; — dewi
mped, Satan transformed into an angel of
light ; name of a celebrated champion
slain by Rustam ; — dewi ghabina, The night-
mare ; — dewi shahwat, The demon of lust;
— dewi haft dar, The seven climates ; — dewi
haft gar, Night ; the globe.

jjj dev-Cibad, Possessed by the devil,
a demoniac.

j>j dev-aJdttar, Ill-starred ; ill-fated,
jljjj diwar, A wall; a species of juniper
yielding milk ; — diwar uftddan (ghaltidan),
The wall falls in ; — diwar andiidan, To
plaster a wall ; — diwar bar dwardan
(bar-ddshtan, bastan, kashidan, nikddan,
To build a wall ; — diwdri baland, Rich,
wealthy ; — diwdri hint, The septum of
the nose ; — diwdri hisdr, Walls of a for-
tress ; — diwdri khdna rawxvn. shudan, The
wall of the house becomes window, i.e. the
house is being demolished, falls into ruins;
— diwar kaj bar-drad, lie builds the wall
crooked, i.e. he does something absurd ; —
diwdri lease huta (gasir) didan, To find one
in a weak or helpless condition ; — diwdri
huta, Poor, needy (opp. to diwdri baland
above) ; — diwar huta edlchtan, To weaken,
to render impotent ; — diwdri gilin, A mud
wall, a dam ; — diwar goeh ddrad, Walls
have ears ; — dar u diwar, Gates and walls.

diwar -bast (j^ band), A place
surrounded by walls.

tjjt^jij diwdr-parda, Tapestry.
&^\j>j diwdrcha, A low wall, a screen.
*r»r jV J diwdr-kob, A sconce (m.c).
y^y J diwdrgar, A builder, plasterer.
ipji-* devdrii, The pine, or devadfiru.

jt* ( 555 ) jiA

*>\)>>i diwdra, A raised rim.

y«> dev-ispist («~»-A~i\ isfist), The

lote-tree.

A^tj^A ^jj dev-istarriba, A rough man.

<fewa? (<Kwur), A wall.
«\jj>> diwdla, A bankrupt.
JV'* dlwdli, Bankruptcy ; a Hindu fes-
tival.

a daiivan (P. diwdn), A royal

court; tribunal of justice or revenue; a
council of state, senate ; an account-book ;
a muster-roll or military pay -book ; a col-
lection of poems in the alphabetical order
of the final letters of the various end-
rhymes ; a miscellaneous collection from
different authors ; — diwdni a'ld, A prime
minister, a vazir ; — diwan ban hardan, To
open the court ; — diwdni khdss, A privy-
council chamber; — diwdni khdlisa, The
accountant-genei"al of the king's revenue;
— diwdni tamyiz, Court of investigations
(m.c.) ; — diwdni jazd, The tribunal of the
last day ; — diwdn ddsMan, To hold a coun-
cil ; — diwan siyah hardan, To transgress ;
— diwdni 'dm, A public hall of audience ;
— diwdni 'arzi lashkar, A court for mili-
tary petitions; — diwdni qiydmat (mahehar),
The court of the supreme judgment of the
last day ; — diwdni mazdlim, A court where
anyone was allowed to complain of the
oppressions exercised by the great men
throughout the empire ; — diwdn nihddan,
To sit in judgment; — diwdni humdyun, The
august or imperial court ; — rd'su 'd-diwdn,
President of the council, chancellor.

(jAji^ dewdn (pi. of dev), Demons. I

oV"* diw&n-begl, An officer of state.

t Lsf^j^ diwdnchi, A cabinet minister.
y\?J J diwdn-kkdna, A tribunal, office;
a hall of audience; the diwan' s office or
court; the exchequer; — diwdn-Mdna' i
'adaliya, Law courts.

ij"" 5 ^'* diwdngi, dev-nnsi (?), Inordinate
deaire.

es&^.J diwdnagi, dewdnagi, Insanity.

W \)3J dewdna, diwdna, Foolish, insane ;
mad, furious; — diwdna'i chine budan, To
desire a thing, to be in love with it ; — de-
wdna'i khudd, Inspired by the deity, in a
heavenly ecstasy.

^jji <U^j dewdna-khoy, Of distraught
temper, of mad or foolish disposition.

y> u\£4 dewdna-dav, Running, or beha-
ving like a madman.

iiC. dewdna-sag, A mad dog.

jty **\)!<» dewdna-nawdz, Who coaxes or
flatters a madman.

o'V' 5 diwdni, Belonging to a court ; a
courtier ; a poet laureate ; the office or
jurisdiction of a diwan, or superintendent
o£ the administration of civil justice.

dev-dward, A pine; a brazen

cup.

fi* dev-bdd, The devil's wind, i.e. a

whirlwind ; a fleet horse ; a swift camel or
dromedary ; madness, frenzy.

j>- •* dev bi-khwurida, Possessed of
the devil ; epileptic.

•Xi? dev-band, One who binds demons,
a magician ; a place which demons have
selected for an abode ; name of the 16th
day of the month ; name of Tahmuras and
of Qaran ; name of a drug.

*j y.J dev-pd, j»o dev-pay, A spider
(devil-footed) ; the lote-tree.

a *±>j>j daiyiis, A contented cuckold.

a i_s^!! J daiyusi, Cuckoldom,

^••W y.^ dev- jama, A garment of skin
with the hairy part outside ; a lion's skin
wherewith warriors clothe themselves.

i)V dev-jdn. Hard-hearted; brave,
courageous ; an old man.

feyj devcha, A weevil, a moth ; a wood-
worm ; a leech ; a carrot ; — devcha-khwurda,
Moth-eaten, worm-eaten.

dev-khdr, A juniper ; pine ;

bramble.

dev-ddr, A demoniac ; a juniper.

jij^ dev-ddru. The Indian pine.

JIj y.J dev-ddl, The white poplar-tree ;
ignorance ; brave.

n-J dev-dast (devil-handed), Clever.

J j dev-dil, Courageous; cruel, fell;
an old man.

^Sj j>j dev-dili, Stout-hcartedness, va-
lour.

LtJjJ jjj dev-daulat, Enjoying a short-
lived prosperity (like that of the devil).

ji» j j>j dev-did (s-V.'J dida), Mad, crazy,
frantic.

(j-i'Jji^ demies (devil -like), Thick and
deformed ; crafty, fraudulent.

;ji»> diwar, The master of the house.

H devar, A brother-in-law; a hus-
band's younger brother.

,_s\> dev-rdy, Enraged; fierce, choleric.

u*^) }>.•> dev-rak&sh, Name of a note in
music.

dev-zdd, Born or begotten by a

demon.

dev-zdy, Fierce, choleric ; afflicted,
jtj y.j dev-zad, Mad, crazy, frantic.

dev-zi, In the gear of a demon.
jL. y.j dev -gdr, Like a devil ; bad-tem-
pered ; ill-favoured ; an evil-worker ; a
place abounding in demons ; clad in a
rough garment.

jSL. jjo dev-Bdldr, Evil-doer, devil's
factor.

■j-Ju~ j3 J dev-siblat, A salt and bitter
plant.

<*~~«- j}J dev-supust, The lote-tree.

y.j dev-satdn, A demoniac ; — dewis-
tdn, A desert, the habitation of demons ; a
whirlwind.

A-.iji-y.j devistamba, An ill-bred man.
j>j dev-suiodr, A bold horseman; a
swift messenger.

^ ( 556 ) c*ja

*» jt*> dev-sah, A sort of garment.

W- dev-elmd, With a face like a.
demon, ill-favoured, ugly.

J/* dev- gh ul. A sylvan demon ; a wen.
y J dev-gkfdi, A gland, kernel, wen.

V-^i y>A dev-farsa, i^—j* fit dev-farsdy,
Having eruption a on the lips from fright-
ful dreams.

dev-firo-basta, Mad, crazy.

^j>J dewak, dewuk, A weevil ; a moth ;
the white ant ; a leech ; an unmarried wo-
man, a young married lady, a daughter-in-
law ;—diwak, Rye.

a osJj{j duyuk (pi. of dik), Cocks.

f"*gT dev-kirddr, An evil-doer.

Bj" ji J dev-kuluch, An epileptic boy.

fcjl* dev-kuliikji, Large clods turned
up.

<yU.£jiiJ dev-kamdn, A big (deuce of a)
bow.

dev-gdh, = cV-* 1
y.* 1 dev-gandnm, A kind of wheat
with two grains in one ear; a large ear
without grain.

^ y.^ dev-gir, Catching a devil ; pos-
sessed, by a devil ; name of the city of
Daulat-abad in India.

dev-giri, A silk stuff made at

Devgir.

6^ y. J dev-ldj, A place abounding in
stonea and thorns (apparently by poetical
licence for the following).

fcSjJ'J devlak'h. Inhabited by demons, i.e.
a desert, uncultivated region ; a distant
pasture-ground ; a cold place ; the world.

<*>S*j>j dlvldk, A desolate spot.

•*r* dev-mard, p±f f.^ dev-mardum,
Wild man, monster, satyr ; wicked, ob-
noxious, a seducer.

yJ dev-mashang, A kind of grain.

a Qp-i duyun (pi. of dain), Debts.
dewand, A kind of drug,
dev-warsa, = ^—j* y.«> q.v.

*y.J diwa, A silk-worm ; mushrooms ; a
leech.

(_Sj>J dewl, Gigantic, demoniacal ; devil-
ishness ; — de-wi kardan (namudan), To play
the devil, to act like the devil.

jj*> cuoyj dewei-shor, A stick for mixing
ink (see ^\ viA^S),

dih, dlha, A town, village.

jW-* 1 dthdts, A place where formerly a vil-
lage stood.

t)W. J dihbdn, The chief of a village.

p0>4 daihim, = j**-^ qv.

•U-^o dihamad, The 15th day of the
month.

ueLh»j dihmak, the 5th day of the month
(doubtful).

dlhur, Heaven.
J^.j dehul, A crown inlaid with gems.

dlAi, A peasant, villager.
,«^>j daihim, A crown or diadem adorned
with j ewels, worn by the kings of Persia ;

a hat, inlaid with gold and jewels ; a sun-
shade ; a throne ; — daihim az sar bar-ddsh-
tan, To uncover the head (in expectation
of a guerdon on bringing good news).

ijf* f*s-(<i»> daihim-joy. An aspirant for a
crown, a prince.

daihim-ddr, A crown-holder, a

king.

dayimir, The 16th day of the

month.

j z, called zali manquta or zdli mu'jama,
Dotted zdl, the eleventh letter of the
Arabic-Persian alphabet, denoting in arith-
metic 700, and in almanacks the last month
of the Arabian year, zu 'l-hijjat, as \ j is the
character used for zu 'l-qa*dat, the penulti-
mate month. Scarcely more than one or
two words in the Persian language begin
with this letter, though it is occasionally
found in the middle of a Persian word,
where it interchanges with d and z. Accor-
ding to some authorities, it should he
written for d after a quiescent weak letter
(shdz, namuzan, shaniz for shad, namudan,
shanid), and may be written for d after
any moved letter, not weak (baz or bad,
&c). Its legitimate sound was, perhaps,
somewhat like th in " that," but the Per-
sians make but little, if any, difference
between it and 3 zd, and accordingly call it
also zd'i sakhiz (see ^}).

a U zd, He, this ; (acc. of ^ used as
nom.) lord or master of, endowed with; —
zd arba'a azld', Pour-sided, a square.

A v*U za'b (v.n.), Despising, blaming,
contempt ; reproach ; blame.

AjilJ zabih, One who cuts the throat of
a sacrifice ; a sacrifices

a zdbir, One who learns properly ;
learned, sound in knowledge.

a zdt (fern, of zu), Possessed of or
endowed with; soul, essence, substance;
body, person, self ; generation, breed, tribe,
caste ; genus, species, kind ; a concrete
(opp. to abstract J ; — zdtu 'l-bain, Concord,
friendship, union ; — zdtu 'l-jamb, Pleurisy ;
— zdtu 'r-riqd', A kind of bibliomancy; —
zdtu 'r-riyat, Inflammation of the lungs; —
zdtu's-sadr, Inflammation of the chest; a
collecting of matter in the chest ; — zdtu 'I-
'amud, Being at a perpendicular ; — zaXi
sharif, An excellent mind ; a noble person-
age ; (ironically) a consummate rogue ; —
zdti mat, Opulence ; — zdti humdyun, The
king's august person ; — ismi zdt, A noun
substantive; — isldhi zdti bain kardan, To
reconcile parties ; — hi 'z-zdt, He himself, in
person ; — ba-zdti khwud (kjtds), fi zdti-hi,

( 557

In person ;—min zdti nafsi-hi, Of his own
accord.

a uul J zdt-ndm, A generic noun, a
common noun.

a o»^<i zdti, fom. zdtiyat, zatiya, Personal ;
—quwati zatiya, Natural vigour.

zdkhir, Fat; one who lays up a

store.

a/U za'r, za'ar, Boldness, refractori-
ness ; Seeing away, loathing, abhorring ;
being accustomed, used, addicled to.

a uuVjjU zdriydt, Quiet - scattering
(winds).

a oM j za'f, Sudden death.

y«lj)|ijU zdfinitbidds (Or. Sa^vottSijs) , A
tree resembling the laurel.

,J>\i zdql (should probably read
zafi), The laurel tree.

A j^"* zdkir, A rememberer; a praiser of
God.

a 5/lJ zdkirai, The faculty of remember-
ing, the retentive memory.

J^o zal, A cock's comb.

aJU^Z, Name of the letter J; — za'al,
A going liglitly and airily along.

j zdlzalak, Wild plum-tree,

a f'U za'm (v.n.), Blaming, reproach-
ing; despising; driving away.

a \->\i zdnib, A follower ; one of the
tail.

a yy U zd nun (lord of the fish), Jonah .

a s-*t j zdhib, Who or what goes away
or departs, passes by, precedes, or disap-
pears.

a JaU zahil, Careless, inattentive, negli-
gent.

a s-°U zd'ib, Melting ; fusible.

a gft j za'i', Manifest, public.

a zti'iq. One who tastes, a taster.

a M<\ o zd'iijat, zd'iqa (fern, of the pre-
ceding), Tasting ; sense of tasting, palate ;
taste.

djW &3°\i zd'iqa-ddr, Relishing, tasty,
Bavoury .

a «5 za'iqa-shinds, Knowing in

taste, skilful in distinguishing flavours.
a J!U za'il, Long-tailed (a horse, see

a v»i zalb (v.n.), Driving away, keeping
off, repelling ; gadding to and fro ; becom-
ing lean ; drying up (with heat) ; a wild
bull,

a sjI( J zubdb, A fly ; a bee ; a black
speck in the pupil of the eye of a horpe ;
name of a mountain near Madinah ; — zubd-
bu 'z-saif, The point or edge of a sword ; —
zvibdhu 'l-'ain, The pupil of the eye.

a ft^j z-ubalai, zubbdlal, A candle-wick.

a zibbdn (pi. of zubdb), Flies.

a jjV^ mbalii} (pi. of zablhal), Sacrifices.

a £}j zabh (v.n.), Cleaving, splitting,
sacrificing ; — zibh, Any animal sacrificed or
to be sacrificed.

A Itc.j zubuhd, zihahat, zihhal, zubhat,

)

zubahat, A pain in the throat caused by
accumulation of blood ; mumps.

a 4)jjo zabzabat, Motion, the waving of
anything in the air ; causing one to waver.

A^?j zabr (v.n.), Writing; marking (let-
ters) with points, dotting ; reading quickly ;
reading with a subdued voice ; wisdom,
knowledge; a book.

a J> j zabl (v.n.), Languishing, withering
(a plant) ; losing flesh (a horse) ; tortoise-
shell.

a Jyj zubfd (v.n. of J}j), Withering (a
plant); losing flesh (a horse).

a qW* j zubydn, zibydn, Name of an Ara-
bian tribe whence sprang the poet Ncibi-
(ffcah.

i p>|j zabih, Sacrificed, slaughtered; the
victim about to be offered ; name given to
Ishmael (who with Muhammadaus takes
the place of Isaac).

A zabikat, An animal destined to

be offered in sacrifice.

A Js-j zajl, Iniquity, tyranny.

a J^o zahl, Revenge, or the thirst for it,
reprisals.

A jftij zakhd'ir (pi. of gakhlrat), Provi-
sions, stores.

a /-J zukhr (v.n.), Laying up a treasure ;
provisions laid up for future use ; store,
hoard.

a zakMrat, zakhira, A treasure, a

hoard ; store, provision (construed with
the verbs burdan, bastan, ddthtan, kardan,
and nihddan).

a a^s. zakhlra-Mtdna, A granary.

a/ w (imper. of j^j), Leave thou, let
alone ; — zarr (v.n.), Pounding small, crum-
bling (salt) ; a small ant (of which a hun-
dred are equal to a barley-corn) ; an atom
(see 8jo),

a tfi^jJ zarrdt (pi. of zarrat), Motes,
atoms, particles.

a c\>j zardh, Thin, watery milk j — zurdh,
zurrdh, A Spanish fly, cantharides.

a zardrat (for A. zurdrat), Particles,
flying or scattered about, of anything
grinding or pounding,

a (jj^-j zardri (pi. of zurriyat), Proge-
nies, offsprings, seeds.

dA)^ zardri/i (pi. of zurahrah or zurrdh),
Spanish flies, cantharides.

a gljj zaru', (A woman) who spins expe-
ditiously ; — gird' (v,n. of The arm
from the elbow to the tip of the middle
finger; the fore leg (of a horse) above the
pastern ; a yard, a cubit ; a mark impressed
upon the leg of a camel ; the part of a
spear from the middle to the point ; the
seventh mansion of the moon (two bright
stars in the head of Gemini).

a s^j-i zarb (v.n.), Sharpening ; a shoe-
maker's paring-knife ; — zirb, A kernel in
the neck ; a disease of the liver ; — zurb
(pi. of zarib), Sharp things ; — garab A dis-

( 558 ) K

order of the stomach ; (by opposition) a
healthy state of the stomach ; obscenity in
conversation ; — zarib, Sharp-tongued.

a £j<i zarrat, zarra, An atom, particle; a
small ant; a mote in the sun-beams;
[zarra'i dtish, A spark of fire ;] — zurat, A
species of millet.

a tjA zarh (v.n.), Poisoning (food) with
cantharides.

(ji.*.^S zurulsksh, zurakhsh, zarakJish,
Thunder; lightning (see y^o).

zar', zam', The border of a sown

field.

a gjo zar' (v.n.), Measuring with a cubit ;
seizing violently (a fit of vomiting) ; beiDg
long (the arms); being alert; — zara',
Desire, greed; anything behind which a
hunter lurks ; the calf of the wild cow.

a <_♦, j zarf (v.n.), Shedding tears ; flow-
ing (tears or water, &c).

a jSjj zarq (v.n.), Mutin g (a bird) ; bird's
dung; — zurg, A wild horse (?).

a Sjjj zirwat, zurwat, The summit or
pinnacle of anything ; the top of a moun-
tain.

Ajjyi zarur, Anything pounded small
and sprinkled (as salt or drugs) ; — zurur
(v.n. of j<i), Eising (the sun) ; springing
up (gvasa).

a Zp) j zaru', A horBe or camel that travels
nimbly with long steps.

a zuruf (v.n. of <-*jj), Flowing

(tears).

a &j j zarra, see 8>«5 .

lyi zarra-qadar, As much as an
atom, just nothing.

aj^Sjj zarrawdr, u>Ju> Sjj zarra-sifat,
Humble, lowly, like a mere atom.

A zurriyat, zarriyat, zirriyat, Pro-
geny, offspring, children, descendants,
race, stock, seed.

A tf-j^ ?arih, Spanish flies ; name of a
celebrated camel stallion ; name of the
father of a tribe.

a ftjj zari', = £;y.J q.v.

a £«>jvi zarVat, A cause, mode, motive,
occasion, conjuncture, subject; a medium,
means ; a horse or camel behind which a
hunter lurks.

a cjUj za'df (v.n. of <-Aoj), Dying;
deadly poison.

a jB.^ za'r (v.n.), Terrifying ; — zu'r, Ter-
ror ; — za'ar, Stupefaction, amazement ; —
zw'ar, Anything formidable or terrific.

A <-&e •> za'f (v.n.), Giving poison to drink,
poisoning food ; a deadly poison.

a za'q (v.n.), Crying out.

a zi'lib, A fleet camel. _

A <-Jlii zafdf, zifdf (v.n. of i-JJ), Eunning
to dispatch a wounded man ; — zifdf, Poison
instantly mortal ; a little water ; — zufdf,
Quick, nimble.

A/j zafar (v.n.), Emitting a smell; a
pungent scent (good or bad) ; the smell

of the arm -pits; a herb with an offensive
smell.

A s^-J zafarat, A strong acrid scent; —
zafirat, A fragrant grove.,

A»-ftlJ zafaf (v.n. of >-*j), Making haste
to dispatch a wounded man.

r 5 ^ zafJcar, Seed of mountain parsley.

a >-ijij zafuf, <-M»J zafif, Swift, hasten-
ing; deadly; — khaftf zaflf, Quick and
ready.

a i^j> zaqn (v.n.), Chucking under the
chin; — ziqn, An old man, decrepit and
under-hung; — zaqan, The chin ; the beard;
a dimple.

a oUo zaka' (v.n.), Being quick, pene-
trating, judicious ; burning, flaming, bla-
zing ; emitting fragrance (musk) ; — zukd',
The sun ; — ibnu 'z-zukd, The dawn.

a Stfj zakdt, The act of slaughtering.

a Sj^j zakdwat, Brightness of genius,
wit.

a f& zakr (v.n.), Striking on the penis;
— zikr, Remembrance, commemoration,
mention ; the praise or glorification of
God, the recital of His names ; thanking
God ; prayer, supplication ; a reading or
reciting of the Qur'iin ; the Qur'an ; any
fundamental religious book ; [zikri arm,
A kind of guttural reiteration of haq haq,
affected by devotees ; — zikri jut' u irdda'i
kull, The rhetorical figure synecdoche (by
which a part is taken for the whole) ; —
— zikri jamil (Jthair, hi 'l-khair). Honour-
able mention, favourable recommendation ;
— zikri hdl u irdda'i mahall, The figure
metonymy, where the quality is put for
the qualified) ; — zikri Jcfaudd, The praising
of God ; — zikr kardan, To mention, to
commemorate; — zikri ndmi khudd, The in-
voking of the name of God ;] — zukr, Men-
tal remembrance; — zakar, Penis, male,
masculine ; male iron, steel ; a sword of
high-tempered steel.

■fi> zakar, Peony, or ass-rose.

A <$\/^ zukrdn (pi. of zakar), Males.

a zikr-khwan, A praiser of God,

one who evokes the name of God.

a Jjj& zikra, Remembrance ; admonition,
advice.

a y£S zakur, Endued with a retentive
memory ; — zukur, Damascus steel ; (pi. of
zakar) males.

a zukura, Males ; male sex.

a *iy£i zukiirlyat, Masculinenese.

a zaki, Acute ; strong, diffusive
musk.

a zakyat, zukyat, Fuel.

a zaktr, Male iron, steel ; endued
with a good memory.

a J-i zill (v.n.), Being submissive, easy,
compliant ; — zull, Baseness, meanness.

a zaldqat (v.n. of jjp*>), Being sharp,
ready, glib (the tongue) ; volubility.

a J 3 j zildl (pi. of zalil), Base, abject ;

Si

( 559 )

submissive ;_ zulal (for J3j), Sweet, pure,
limpid (water).

A TOJ zalalat, zuldlat (v.n. of Jj), Being
abject, obsequious ; baseness.

a zulam, The cholic.

a il<J ^fa/, Baseness of spirit ; insult ;
(for vi"!>) error.

a >-AJJ zulf (pi. of ealfa'), Small, ape-
nosed (women) ;~za£a/ (v.n.), Smallness
and straightness of the nose.

a j zaZ/a' (fem. of azlaf), Small-nosed,
ape-nosed (woman) ; a woman's name.

a ijp «i mig (v.n.), Being quick, sharp,
glib, ready at speech (the tongue) ; weaken-
ing one (poison or fasting) ; -voiding dimg
(a bird) ; point or tip of the tongue ;
sharpening (a sword) ; sharpness of any-
thing ; — zalaq, Being restless ; being sharp,
glib, voluble (the tongue).

a j zulul (pi. of the following), Trac-
table (horses).

a Jy-i zalul, Obedient (horse).

a i>J j zallq, Sharp and voluble (torigue) ;
eloquent; sharp (teeth).

a J«Ji zalll, Abject, inean, contemptible,
trifling.

a za/mwi (v.n.), Reproaching; blame;
censure, reproach ; disparagement, detrac-
tion ; — zimm, Very thin, emaciated.

a zimdr, Anything that ought to be
kept with care (as reputation).

A |»W zimdm. Protection ; honour, repu-
tation ; right, claim, due ; (pi. of zammat)
wells with little water ; — zammdm, An
accuser, slanderer, blamer.

a /J\*i zamd'im (pi. of zamimat), Mis-
deeds, crimes ; reprehensible or base qua-
lities.

A i»j zammat, A well with little water;
— zimmat, zimma, Obligation, responsi-
bility, suretyship ; security ; trust, charge,
subjection ; duty, service, fidelity ; — zimma
kardan, To entrust with ; — ahli zimma,
People of the book, i.e. Jews, Christians,
or Majusi, living under the protection of
Islam.

Kf^zamr (v.n.), Exciting, stimulating
(to fight) ; roaring (as a camel) ; — zimr,
zamir, Intrepid ; a staunch protector of
his dependants ; wise, intelligent.

a j^j ifi zimma-dar, Responsible, a
responsible person ; security, trustee, as-
signee.

a (jjta zimma-ddri, Responsibility,
liability ; trust, charge, custody.

a zimmi, One tolerated by the Mu-
hammadan law, on paying an annual poll-
tributary, client, subject ; a Chris-
tian or Jew.

a zamir. Intrepid, brave, &c.
(= zamir, q.v. under y^}.

a zamim, Blamed, blameable ; un-
wholesome water ; eruptions on the face ;
snot; urine.

a zamlma, An act or quality to be
blamed or reprehended ; vice, crime, mis-
demeanour.

a s->^ zindb, The tail, the extremity of
anything ; a rope with which they confine
a camel's tail, to prevent his switching it
round his rider.

a £>to o zinabat, Affinity, relationship ; the
womb ; name of a place ; — zundba, Old ;
end of time or of an age ; extremity of
anything.

a s-^ zamb, A crime, sin, fault; — zanab,
A tail; (in astr.) tail of the Dragon, de-
scending node ; the outer angle of the eye ;
— zanabu 's-sa'lab, Fox-tail (a plant) ; —
zanabu 'l-khail, Name of a plant ; — zanabu
'l-faras, Name of a star; — zanabi sha'skd',
The Dragon's tail.

a zanub, Long-tailed (horse) ; a

portion, lot; a bucket; an evil day; the
flesh of the back ; the grave ; — zunUb (pi.
of zamb), Crimes, sins, trespasses.

a j-i zu, A lord, master ; endowed with,
possessed of ; — zu arba'atu 'l-azlti', Four-
sided, quadrilateral ; — zu az'df, A com-
mon multiple ; — zu az'dfi 'aql, Least
common multiple ; — zu 'l-jaldl, Majestic,
glorious; — zii 'l-jandh, Winged; name of
the horse of Husain ; — zu 'l-hijja (Ay)'), The
twelfth Arabian month ; — zu 'l-kut, The
prophet Jonah ; — zu 'l-faqdr, Name of All's
sword; — zii 'l-qurba', A kinsman; — zu'l-
qarnain, Bi-eornous ; Alexander the Great ;
— zu 'l-qa'da (qa'd), The eleventh Arabian
month ; — zu 'l-Jeafl, Name of a prophet, or
of the bondsman or attendant of a prophet ;
— zii 'l-latmain, Bi-eoloured; — zii 'l-minan
(minn, min), Beneficent, bountiful; — zu 'l-
vnjhatain, Bearing a double meaning ; —
z% zanab, Tailed ; a comet ; — zu funun,
Learned.

a zu'dbat, The forelocks dangling

over the brow ; the best or highest part of
anything.

a eutjj zatcdt (pi. of zat), Ladies, mis-
tresses of ; — zamdtu 'l-arba', Quadrupeds ;
— zaivatu 's-sumiim, Venomous (insects or
reptiles).

A <-*)^<i zawdrif, Running waters.

a i-ii'^j zu'df. Sudden death ; quick
poison.

a j\j j za-wdq (v.n. of Jjj), Tasting; —
zauwdq, A taster.

a zawdnib (pi. of zanab), Tails (?).

a zawd'ib (pi. of zu'dbat), Fore-

locks ; tresses.

a zanb (v.n.), Becoming liquid,

melting; waxing hot (the sun) ; becoming
foolish after having been seusible ; eating
honey constantly ; being legally due ; the
purest honey.

«3\yi zaurdq, A kind of barley- gruel.
zmantdriyd, Dysentery.

a zosh, Bad-tempered, severe.

( 560 )

A zau' (v.n.), Needing, wanting.

A 4)i zauq (v.n.), Tasting, trying, exa-
mining ; taste ; delight, joy, pleasure ; dis-
tinction of truth and falsehood by the
light of diviue grace; — zauq dmadan, To
be greedily devoured ; — aMi zauq, A volup-
tuary ; — ba-zauq, With pleasure, willingly.

a i/^. zauq-ba-frhgh, Giving delight.

a gauq-paima, Measuring out or

weighing delights.

a jyi zauq'Siright, Mingled with

delight.

a (j3j>i zaulaq, The tip (of the tongue) ;
the goint of a spear.

A *e*Jj>i zaulaqiyat, Lingual (letters,

zawa (pi. of z&), Lords, possessors.

A ^gyi zawi- (oblique of zawii, pi. of zft),
Lords, masters, possessors ; — zawi 'Uihti-
ram, Most honoured; — zawi 'l-arhatn,
Uterine relatives ; — zawi 'l-i'tibdr, In the
highest esteem ; — zatoi 'Liqtiddr, Powerful;
— zawn, H-ihrdm, Held in veneration.

a s^**> zahab (v.n. of s-ej), Going,
walking, passing by, proceeding; — zihab
(pi. of zahab). Yolks of eggs.

a <js»*VaJ zihanut, Sagacity, acuteness, in-
telligence.

A zahab (v.n.), Having the eyes

daKzled at the glare of gold, or on entering
suddenly into a glittering mine ; gold ; the
yolk of an egg ; a dry measure in Yaman.

a J*-i zahl (v.n.), Forgetting, leaving
carelessly, abandoning ; — zukl, Name of a
tree otherwise called bashdm (see ftt*) ;
name of a tribe.

a tj*-* ?ihn, zahan (v.n.), Excelling in
genius; understandings memory, intellec-
tual power ; — zuhn, Name of a tribe.

a O*** zahar^khwaail, Allegorical

speech.

a (j**- 1 (jA^ zahan-nishin, Understood,
remembered.

a ^jiA.i zahani, Mental.

a zuhul (vJi, of J*-*), Forgetting,
neglecting, leaving; oblivion.

a jBjAj zuh-itlat. Carelessness, inadver-
tency.

a zahin, Sagacious, ingenious.

a zi (oblique case of med as noin.),
A lord, endowed, possessed of ; — zi ikkiiyar,
Possessed of power or authority ; — zi isti'-
ddd, Capable, well-qualified; — zi iqliddr,
Powerful, endowed with authority ; — zi 'l-
hijja, Name of the last Arabian month; —
zi 'l-qa'da, Name of the eleventh Arabian
month ; — zi pamba, A comical tune sung by
a buffoon ; a buffoon ;— zi jah, Appointed
to a place of honour; — zi kaq, Having a
legal claim, entitled to; — zi ttaydt. Alive,
animate ; (adv.) during life; — zi kh.an-da.fi,
Of good family; — » khirad. Wise ;— zi
rutba, A man of rank or distinction; —
gi ruh, Eational ; — zi. shan, Conspicuous for

dignity ; — H shu'ur, Intelligent, sagacious ;
— zi Hzzat, Honourable, respectable; — n
qimat. Precious; — zi ho»h, Sensible;—
zi ydl u bdl, Endowed with strength and
power ; — g)±air zi riih, Inanimate.

a zi'db (pi. of zi'b), Wolves.

cr^rf^!«> ziydbitm (Gr. Bia(i^n]<s) , Diabetes
(v~ke*^j in the printed edition of the Bur-
hani Qiti' is evidently either a typogra-
phical or clerical error).

A J^i«i zaiyal, Long-tailed (horse).

a s-W zfb, zib, A wolf ; — azfdru 'z-zib,
Name of a eoustellation ; — banu 'z-zib,
Name of a tribe ; — dd'u 'z-zib, Insatiable
hunger.

A <j^J zait-kait, So-and-so, thus.

A £>o zai' (v.n.), Being published (news),
divulged (a secret).

a yUfJ zi'/dn, zifdn, zaifdn, zaya/dn, Ve-
nom, poison.

zifunue, Niime of a singer in
the service of King Pbiloerates.

A zail (v.n.), Sweeping (the ground)
with a train, strutting; a train ; an appen-
dix ; a postscript ; — zail bar miydn zadan,
To prepare for work ; — az qardri tafyili
zail, As detailed below, in accordance with
the following statement.

a j zaim, (v.n.), Accusing, reproaching,
treating opprobriously.

a J^> j zwyiil (pi. of zail), Long tails;
skirts, trains ; appendices.

) r, called rd'i qarashal, and rd'i ghnir
manqUta, or rii'i muhmala, Undotted j , the
twelfth letter of the Arabic-Persian alpha-
bet. In arithmetic it expresses 200 ; in
almanacks it is the astronomical character
for the moon ; and in dates it denotes the
mouth rabi'u 'l-dkhir. This letter is inter-
changeable with Jd, zh, J I, and y n.

\j rd, An inseparable particle added to
Persian nouns, generally serving (o denote
the accusative and dative ; other significa-
tions are : for the sake of, by ikhudd-ra.
For God's sake, by God !) ; for, at the
price of (hazdr lomdn-rd, For a thousand
toman) ; after, at the time of (andak waqie-
rd. After a short time, shab-rd, At night) ;
— (in comp. for A. ra'y), Of mind, &c„ as
rothaii^rd, Of an enlightened iniod, pene-
trating, wise; — neh-ra, Well-meaning, &a.

a »\j rd', The Arabic name of the letter; ;
the shrub Palma Christi ; froth of the sea ;
a hu ge tike.

a ^>^j ra'b (v.n.), Mending a broken
vessel ; repairing anything.

A f^^rdbih, Gainful, lucrative, profitable
(trade).

( 561 )

a M) rdbit, A binder, strengthener ; a
chain, ligature.

A &*\y rdbitat, rabita, A chain, ligature,
nuything binding, connecting, or regula-
ting; the catch-word at the bottom of a
page; a conjunction; a troop maintaining
its post ; a large army ; — rdbita'i ashnai,
The cement of friendship; — rabita gusis-
tan, To break a tie.

A $}) rdbi', Fourth ; making a fourth.

a *l*>\j rdbi'an, In the fourth place,
fourthly.

A £>\j rclbigJi, Name of a valley traversed
by the pilgrims to Mecca.

$\) rdbu, A kind of spring flower.

A rdbiyat, High ground ; increasing ;
excessive.

v\) rap, Rape-seed (m.c. from E.).

raport, Report (m.c.'from Fr. or
E.) ; — raport dddan, To make a report; to
report oneself (m.c).

a s-?\) rdtib, Firm, constant, fixed ; daily
allowance of food ; rations ; a lot or por-
tion of the necessaries of life.

a **>\) rdtiba, A salary, stipend, pay,
ration.

i^S\j rdtiba-khpdr, ^ a-ilj rdtiba-
khwur, A pensioner.

a yW>'^ rdtiydn, giW^; rdtiydnaj,
rdtiydna. e*e^; rdtinaj. Resin of the pine-
tree; colophony.

glj raj, Holly-tree, holm.

a pfAj Tajik, Excelling; preponderating;
preferable.

a yA) rdjiz, A composer of the verse
rajaz.

a rdji', Returning, retrograde ; a
woman who, her husband being dead, re-
turns to herfriends; (a camel) giving false
symptoms of pregnancy.

a uM; rdjif, A trembling fever, ague.

a &4*.ij rajifat, The first blast of the
trumpet at the Resurrection.

a J>\, rdjil, A pedestrian.

a rdjin, Accustomed to any place or
thing; tame, domestic, cade, cosset.

H raja, A Hindu raja.

a (j*^ rdji, A hoper, asker, interceder.

tl; rah, rdhi biqd, Name of a note

in music; — rdhi rUh, Name of one of the
modulations invented by Barbud (see M_j).

a t\ rah (v.n. of ty), Being near attain-
ing an object, and enjoying satisfaction ;
wine ; (pi. of rahat) the palms of the
hands.

a AUj rahat (v.n. of t») , Being nimble,
ready at any act of kindness (the hand] ;
quiet, rest, repose, ease, tranquillity ; re-
lief, pleasure, comfort ; the palm of the
hand ; — rahat budan (shudan). To be at
ease, to be comfortable (also construed
with burdan, tardwidan, dddan, didan, kar-
dan, kashtdan, &c.) ; — zi rahat bur'tdan, To
come or to bring to a conclusion.

aj\j\ Ls-e-lj rdhat-axdr, Who troubles an-
other's repose.

a ij^j rdhat-afzd, Increasing com-
fort, quieting, soothing.

ay o-=>^ rahat- tar, More at ease, more
comfortable (m.c).

a yW- us-b-^j rdhat-jdn (valg. for rdhati
jdn), Green chillies chopped up and mixed
with salt and lime-juice.

a rahai'fctlab, A lover of com-

fort, sybarite.

a d^tfi rdhat-farosh, = the prece-

ding.

a (jLii cs-o.^ rahat-fishdn, Who spreads
ease and comfort.

a tft&i u^*\ } rdhat-nishin, Who sits in
ease and comfort.

a rdhat-gah, A place of rest, &c.

a rdhati, A wash-basin ; a candela-
brum (for chirdghpdya'i rdhati) ; a funnel.
«!A£=^j rak-gdh, Crush-room, lobby (m.c).
a Je-lj rdhil A traveller.
a £Wj rdkilat, rahila, A camel that is
ridden, a saddle-camel ; a camel fit for
bearing burdens ; a company travelling to-
gether, a caravan.

a \% lsJU^j rdhilat-rawd, Who gives a
mount to another ; oue who urges on his
beast.

a rahim, One who pities, pardons,
and compassionates ; merciful, compas-
sionate.

a rdhil, Rachel, the wife of Jacob.
d\j rdkh,, Sadness, sorrow ; conjecture,
opinion,

a S\) rdd (for rddd, agent of " to re-
store," &c), Liberal, munificent ; bold,
intelligent; eloquent; a story-teller; a
wall ; a granary ; — rddi khdna, The walls
of a house.

;} j!) rdd-ba (bo), ^ j\j rdd-biiy (boy),
Alof-wood.

J^j rddud, Hilly and fertile ground,
abounding in pastures (probably a. mis-
reading for q.v.) ; liberal, generous
(also doubtful).

a rddi', A prohibiter, impeder, hin-
derer; a revulsive (med.).

a uuUs^j rddi'at (pi. of the preceding).
Revulsives.

a rddif, Who or what comes after.

a rddifat, The second blast of the
trump at the Resurrection.

a (jjlMj rddagdn (irreg. plural of rdd),
Liberal, bold, intelligent men.

a a\ rdd-mardi, Uprightness.

a (ji.;.-* rdd-manisli, Liberal, munifi-
cent.

a (jJlj rddi, Liberality ; boldness ; intel-
ligence.

a rdr, Thin marrow corrupted and
black.

j\j rdz (S. rahas), A secret, a mystery ;
colour; a porcupine; a hornet; a plasterer

( 562 )

of walls ; name of a village ; name of a
prince, fellow-founder with his brother
Ray of the city of the latter name ; another
name of the city Ray (see (_sj) ;— rdzi db,
An image reflected in the water; — raz az
bir&n (bar ru'i roz, ba-sahrd) uftddan, Se-
crets become public ; — raz az blrnn dadan,
raz bar sari bazar nihadan, raz bar sang
sadan, rds bar sakrd nihadan (ba-sahrd
afgandan, dar sahrd. nihadan), To make
secrets public ; — raz bd lease kardan, To
confide one's secrets to ; — raz poehidan, To
conceal a secret; — raz khwandan (didan),
To know secrets ; — raz dadan, To dye ; —
rdzi dil-ab (dili ah), The moisture, cold-
ness, or virtue of water, which is the cause
of vegetation ; water of jewels; a shadow,
a reflected image; vegetation, growth; —
rdzi dil bd lease kardan, To confide one's
secrets to; — rdzi zamln, Plants, flowers; — •
raz fash kardan, To divulge a secret; —
raz gushd dan (gushiidan), To reveal a secret ;
— rdzi nihdn, A profound secret ; rain ;
the sex of a child in the womb ; the place
of one's death ; future events ; food for
the morrow ; — raz nihdni kfedk, Plants
gradually evolved from the earth ; — rdzi
nihufta, A hidden secret.
a j\; raz, An architect, master-builder.

rdibdn, A confidant ; one whose
office is to present petitions to the ting;
a privy counsellor.

j\j rdt-pinhdm, A profound secret.

Seeker of a secret.

y» yj rdz-ddr, Trusty, faithful, who keeps
a secret ; a mason.

^j^j rdz-ddrl, Keeping a secret; se-
crecy.

O'^jl) raz-d&n. Acquainted with secrets
or mysteries ; — rdz-ddni asrdri nd-shanlda,
The penetrator into unheard mysteries
(Muhammad).

a rdziq, Giver of the necessaries of
life; providence; — khairu 'r-rdziqln, The
best of providers.

a u'j^) rdziql, A sort of grape ; linseed ;
the white lily.

<*!)\) rdzak. The hop-plant.

ijti )\) rdz-kash, A betrayer of secrets.

rdz-gdh, Repository of secrets.
jleJ j(j rdz-niydz. Lovers' secrets, prattle.

raw, A secret.
a rdzif Inhabitant of the city of
Ray (said to be formed from the name of
King Rii« (see but more probably de-
rived from raz, an older name of the city
of Ray).

E*^j rdziydnaj, rdzi-
ydna, Fennel; — rdziydna'i rumi, Anise.

j\j rdzh, A heap of corn threshed or
trodden out.

yjtj rdzhan, = the preceding (unsup-
ported by examples).

A .j»*\jra's, in P. rds (v.n.), Wounding

in the head ; the head ; head (of cattle,
Ac.) ; top, summit ; apex, vertex ; end,
extremity ; headland, promontory, cape ; a
chief, leader ; [rdsu 'l-jady, The winter
solstice ; — rdsu 's-earatdn, The summer
solstice; — rdsu 'l-'ain (originally rdsu,
'aini 'l-lchdbur, see^t), Callirrhoe in Me-
sopotamia ; — rdsu 'l-mdl, A capital, fund,
stock-in-trade; — rds fa-qat, A horse of
middling breed (opp. to rds kaldn, A horse
of high breed) ;] — ra"ds, A dresser and
vendor of heads of cattle.

u»\> rds, Way, road; (for rdsu) a weasel.
a s—»\) rdsib, Firm, immoveable.

rdst, Right, true ; good, just, sin-
cere, upright ; straight, even, level ; right
(opposed to left) ; complete ; actually, cer-
tainly, surely, truly ; name of a note in
music ; — rdst dmada.n, To please ; to be
contented with; — rdst dmadani suhbat, The
company is agreeable, congenial; — rdst pa
dmadan, To come straight from one place
to another ; — rdst-ash (rdstash-rd) bi-gu,
Tell the truth of the matter (m.c.) ; — rdst
shudan (gashtan) , To be clear, justified ; —
rdst shudani khwdb. A dream is being ful-
filled ; — rdst kardan, To prepare, fashion,
arrauge, make ready ; to level; to collate,
confront (books) ; — vast ki, As soon as ; it
is true that ; — rdst guftan, To tell the
truth ; to be right ; — tdri sdz rdst kardan,
To tune a stringed instrument ;—dasli
rdst, The right hand ; — tarafi rdstash-rd,
On his right side.

rdstd, Right ; true ; straight ; a
road ; [ba-rdstd, Opposite, over against ;] —
rdsitd, Praise (doubtful).

jLs-.\, rdstdd, Stipend, salary ; a pension,
ybu.^ rdstdn

(pi. of rdst), Right, true,

just.

jlf \j rdst-bdz, Faithful, trustworthy.
jVjlt ut~*\) rdst-bdzdr, That side of a mar-
ket-place where the shops are (see

•1) rdsi-bdzi, Fidelity, integrity.

an infidel

AlU. ^

tious.

Bahrain Gur

A, rdst-bdld, The cypress,
f; rdst-bud (really existing), God.
•lj rdst-bln, Impartial, seeing right.
I; rdst-posh, Who hides the truth,

~\) rdst-khdna, Most conscien-

\y rdst-kkidev, An epithet of God.

>\ } rdst-rau (row), Walking straight.
A) rdsi-raushan, The vazir of
a practiserof gross injustice.

strung.

measure,
sure.

rdst-sdz, Attuned, in tune,

s*~\ rdst-'iydr, Who gives full
just ; of full standard or mea-

rdst-qalam, An upright clerk
or accountant.

rdst-kdr, One who acts justly,

does right, or performs well ; just, pious ;
a master of any art, an artificer.

j\<ij£ ^ rdst-kirddr, A fair dealer.

f rdet-gu, Truth-teller (m.c.).

J>>ijS »\j rdst-gosk, Who listens to what
is right.

a g\y o» ,\j rdst-mizdj, Of an equitable
disposition.

iy ia— .Ij rdri-maza, "Well-flavoured.

a dlAx- ti— rdst-mu'amala, One whose
actions are fair and good.

U> ut*J, rdsi-namd, Appearing upright.

**~\) rdsta, Dexterous, right-handed ;
upright, just, true ; a market-place ; a
level road ; — rdsta' i-bdzdr, or —

&x~\) rdsta-bdzdr, = q v.

^mj <u_\j rdsta-bandi, Road-making or
repairing.

L? »-\> rdsti, Rectitude, justice, fidelity,
loyalty ; truth, veracity ; straighlness ; the
state or condition of being the right ;
destrality ; really? is it true? (m.c.).; —
rdsti zadan, To speak the truth ; — rdstl-u-
durnsti, Honesty and fidelity ; — 'aini rdsti,
Truth itself.

&t*~\j rdstin, True, real ; upright ; state
of the case.

rastina, True, real.

jf**~A) rdsti war, Right, just, true.

a (~\) rdeiki., Firm, solid, durable, con-
stant, rooted ; a mountain with a large
base; a bell- ■wether, the leader of a flock,
a ram j learned, well-versed ; — rdsikhu 'l-
arlcdn (asds, bwnydn), Firm, well-founded,
firmly established ; — 'ulatnd'i rdsikh,
Learned, classical authors.

rdsukh, e^as-\j rdsukht. Antimony,
from a mixture of which, with galls, a kind
of oil is expressed by a hot iron, with
which the ladies anoint the hair of their
eye-lids and brows, not only to give them
a beautiful black, but to smooth away ex-
crescences.

a |»>» rdsikh-dam. Firm iu mind, con-
staut.

O^Ai u"t> r&t-rlwd*, Small things, trifles
(doubtful word of the grammatical form
itbd 1 ).

a ^ rds-kaldn, A horse of high
breed (see rds fa-qat under A. y*\j).

a rdri'ni, One who seals, writes,
marks, or delineates.

a Jt« (j-\_> rds-mdl, Capital, stock-in-
trade.

rdsan, Elecampane ; juniper.
rasu, A weasel.
a rust, Firm, immoveable (mountain
or cauldron).

a rdsiyat, rdsiya (fern, of the pre-

ceding), A firm mountain.

J*\) rash, A heap of winnowed corn (see

a JAj rash, A feather.

a rdshid, A follower of the right \

; ) cjI,

path ; orthodox, faithful, pious ; — khula-
fd'i rdshidin, The right-guided Caliphs
(by the Sunais applied in particular to
the four immediate successors of Muham-
mad).

a yfrtj rdshin, One who goes uninvited
to a feast ; fixed, resident ; an extra gra-
tuity over and above wages due (=
q.v.).

a (j*^ rdshi, A briber ; receiving a bribe.

a rdsid, An observer, watcher (of
stars or roads).

a s— 4\> rdzib, Gentle, continued rain ; a
species of the lote-tree.

A rdzi', A suckling ; a miser who
sucks his own cuttle to avoid being over-
heard milking and importuned for milk.

a i_s^; rdzi, Content, satisfied, pleased,
willing, acquiescent ; pleasing, pleasant,
agreeable ; — rdzi skudan. To be content, to
consent, acquiesce, permit, condescend, ap-
prove ; — rdzi kardan, To satisfy, content.

^» 0 -i\j rdzi ba-rizd, God willing.

A rdziyatan, Willingly, with pit a-

sure.

at»*\i rdzi-ndma, A deed acknowledg-
ing one to be satisfied for a debt, assault,
and the like ; an agreement ; a consent in
writing ; reconciliation ; resignation.

a s-M) rdtib, Humid, moist.

^s^jMj rdtlni (Q-. pryrivri), Resin.

a >-4c\j rd'if, Excelling in swiftness (a
horse), gaining a race; the tip of the nose j
a promontory.

a Uc\j rd'i-nd, Look upon us (a kind of
salutation forbidden by Muhammad to his
followers because it was perverted by the
Jews into the Hebrew " our bad one "; see
Coran, ii. 98).

a (jfilj rd'l, Feeding, grazing ; a shep-
herd, herdsman ; a guardian, protector.
rd'il, Name of Zulaikha.

£\l rdgh, The lower part of a mountain,
a mountain-slope ; a pleasant verdant mea-
dow ; a villa, summer-house ; — bdgh-u-rdgh,
Gardens and villas.

a s-£\j rd gh ib, Willing, wishing, desi-
rous, curious ; eager ; — rdgMbi jihdd, De-
sirous of war.

rdglii, Belonging to the mountain-
slopes (m.c).

>-i\j rdf, Mace, envelope of the nutmeg.

A U?\j ra'f, ii'tj ra'fat (v.n.), Pitying ;
being kind and compassionate ; bounty.
rdfid, The Euphrates.

<J-i\j rdf as, rdjie (?), Name of an astro-
nomer.

a <j*i\j rdfiz, A thrower (of javelins or
stones) ; refusing ; abdicating.

A &otf> rdfizat, A body of soldiers who
deserted their commander and turned back
again ; a sect of the Shi'ahs who, after
vowing, renounced their allegiance to Zaid,
the grandson of Huaain.

( 564 )

a ,j<4»\) rdfizl, One of the sect mentioned
in the preceding article, a heretic.

A rd.fi', One who raises or exalts ;
adducing ; putting in the nominative case ;
a plaintiff ; a high mountain ; (a camel)
having biestiugs in her udder.

*»**\; rdfuna, Mint.

*A> r "f a < A herb resembling garlic ; sin,
crime; — rdfih, Submissive, obedient ; name
of the 12th day of the month.

A rdqib, An observer, watcher ; a

rival.

A f>i\j rdqim, A writer ; — raqimu 'l-fyuruf,
The writer of this letter.

raqiita (probably misreading for
q.v.), Mint.
A oyfy raqud, A large oblong wine-vessel,
pitched within; a small fish.

A ,_5»\; rdqi, fem. rdqiyat, An en-

chanter.

ot)\) A horned and fighting ram ; a
cup, goblet ; a thread ; (in Zaud and Pa-
zand) a way, road.

*)W> rdkdra, An immodest woman,
harlot.

a s-^j rdhib, One riding (in Arabic
mostly on a camel, in Persian on a horse) ;
a rider ; a palm -branch hanging pendulous
from the top, but not touching the ground.

a rdkid, Quiet, fixed, still, Btagnant
(water).

a jtfj reiki', One who bows the head, who
evinces humility and lowliness.

h ti£>j <^f^ rag-rang, <£&j} rdg-u-rang,
Music and merriment ; jollity, revelry, fes-
tivities, fun and frolic.

J\> rdl, D.iath-rattle (m.c. from F. rale).

a J*\j ra'l, fem. ra'lat, A young

ostrich, or one a year old.

rdm (S. ram), Obedient, obsequious ;
tame, domestic; happy, cheerful; indus-
trious ; shrewd ; alacrity ; affluence, plenty ;
name of the inventor of the lute ; the
twenty -first day of the month; name of the
angel who presides over that day ; going,
passing by, penetrating ; (for dram) quiet,
repose ; — rdm kardan, To tame, render obe-
dient, break in ; — bd-o-rdm girift, He V e-
came familiar with him.

h A) rdm, God ; a powerful king; — rdm
ram, (corresponding to A. alldh alldh), A
Hindu form of salutation ; — rdm ram guf-
tan. To greet, to salute.

jo i " > ^ fh rdm-drdshlr, Name of a city.

|»\) rdm-barzin, Name of a fire-
temple ; name of a champion.

ramitin, Name of a famous musi-
cian.

a rdmij, A decoy-bird or an owl tied
by the leg to decoy falcons.

a ramify, One who is armed or who
pierces with a spear; horned (a bull); —
eamdM ramify, Name of a large star in the
constellation Bootes.

j»y rdmar, rdmir, Name of a city famous

for its earthenware.

jj&j rdm-rangt, Name given to wine
by Akbar's son Jahangir.

a y\j rdmiz, Ooe who indicates by signs.
rdmish, Cheerfulness, singing for
joy ; rest ; counsel, advice (this meaning
unsupported) ; — rdmishi jdn, Name of a
note in music ; name of the eighth modu-
lation of the thirty invented by Barbud.

u>-i-<*\) rdmisht, rdmusht, Rest, repose;
the fourth of the five intercalary days
added to the Persian year.

j^sfcji^j rdmish-khwdr, Name of a note in
music.

us\a*»\j rdml*hk, Rest, repose ( = uft*^
q.v.).

iV£&-»\j ramish-gah (&$ gah), A place of
repose.

jS-i^j rdmishgar, A singer ; a musician ;
a pleasure-seeker.

^jjfLi^Aj rdmishgari, Vocal and instrumen-
tal music ; talk.

jj-s-^j rdmishi, rdmishin, A musi-

cian ; a singer.

uiMj rdmak, dim. of |«\, q.v.

a ueMj rdmak, rdmik. Name of a certain
anti-dysenteric medicine.

rdm-gir,

Flee;

ng away.

■ij rdmindd, Obedient, submissive ;
subtle ; name of the twenty -eighth day of
the month (this unsupported).

jiwlj rdmandi, An ancient dialect of
the Persian language.

(ji^j rdmni, An island in India, whence
comes the best kind of camphor.

rdmiiz, A ship-master, seaman.
A jyAj rdmuz, The sea ; root ; type, model.
yjv^j rdm-hurmm, A city in Kohistan.
i^ij rami, Name of the inventor of the
lute.

a ^y\j rami, An archer, shooter, thrower,
hurler (of javelins, or stones).

rami,

Native of Riun-hurmuz.

oLf^j rdm-ydd, Obedient ; name of the
twenty-eighth day of the month,
jLy.\j rdm-ydr, A shepherd.
y~f*\> rdmetan, A town near Bokhara.
i^Aj rdmin, rdmina, Name of the lover
of Wis.

ylj ran, The thigh; assafoetida; (iu
comp. from randan) driving; expelling;
exiling; — ran afshurdan, To animate, ex-
cite ; to spur a horse ; — ran gushddan, To
mount a horse ; to travel ; to alight ; to
expose a fault ; to be naked.

rdnd, A pomegranate ; a Hindu raja.

rdn-bdd, = ^W<»!j q.v.
rdnaj, A cocoa-nut.
a a^j rdnij, A walnut; a smooth black
date.

rdn-jo, A moth (see yr-^j).
(j^Ai^ rdndagdn (pi. of randa), Exiles.
.j&^j rdtidagi, A driving ; expulsion.

( 565 )

randan, To drive, drive away ; to
banish, expel ; to purge ; to force ; to pur-
sue ; to incline (to a colour) ; to move off ;
— asp randan, To drive or urge forward a
horse; — ba-db (dar di>) randan, To deceive ;
— bdz randan, To repel, &c. (see jW) ; — ba-
tabdn (bar-zabdn) randan, To exclaim, to
utter ; — bar dil randan, To recite to one-
Belf, to quote from memory ; — sand randan.
To praise, to eulogize ; — hukm randan, To
pronounce sentence ; — rox randan, To pass
the days; — sukhun randan, To speak, to
talk ; — qalam randan, To write ; — ham ran-
dan, To gratify one's wish.

rdnda, Expelled, exiled, driven
away ; rejected, outcast.
u^> rdnish, Expulsion, removal ; denial.
rdnki, A crupper.

rdna, A herb like garlic, eaten
toasted; drawers; a Hindu raja; a cocoa-
nut.

rani, Belonging or referring to the
thigh, femoral.
h ^jft, rani, A (Hindu) queen or princess.
U*>\) rdnln, Breeches, drawers ; greaves.
rdvcha, A sort of grape.
rdwad, A verdant flowery hill and
dale ; muddiness.

bjt) favra, \f\ ra'avrd, A hedgehog ; a
porcupine.

a rdwuq, in P. rdwaq, A strainer ; a
large vessel from which wine is strained
into smaller ones ; pure wine.

rdwak, Purest and best (of a thing).

sjUj^ rdvmdda, rdwimdda, rdwumdda
(S. rdmatha), Assafcetida.

•y^j rdwand, A line upon which they
hang clothes or bunches of grapes ; rhu-
barb ; name of a city in Persia near Ispa-
han; — rdwandi chini, China rhubarb; —
rdwandi khurdsdni, Rhubarb of Khurasan
which is given to beasts.

rdwanddn. Name of a fort near

Aleppo.

s^j rdwuh, A sigh, a groan ; lamenta-
tion.

a (_5}\> rdwi, One who relates the words
of another, who alleges that he said so and
so; a historian, a narrator, teller; one
who has the superintendence and manage-
ment of horses; who and what assuages
thirst ; well and at one's ease.

a ranoiydn (P. pi. of the preceding),
Historians, &c.

a hj\j rdiviyat, A water-carrying camel,
or horse ; also the large leathern bottle in
which the water is contained ; a traveller's
leathern provision- bag; a relater of an-
other's words.

rdwid, The herb clary.
rdwiz, A thorn which camels like.

t\j rah, Way, road, path, passage; pat-
tern, rule; custom, fashion; intellect,
mind; a word ; the inward part ; a musical

tone ; a time, turn ; an Indian prince'; —
rdhi db. An aqueduct, canal, conduit, water-
course ;— rah ax pishi pay bar-ddshtan, To
cease inquiring ; to take an example rdhi
a/tab, The sun's path, the ecliptic;— rah
uftddan, To fall in with a gang of thieves ;
to receive damage ; to set out, to start on,
or continue, a journey (m.c.) ; — rah afgan-
dandarjdy, To go to a place; — rdh an-
ddkhtan. To start one on his way ; to give
leave ; — rdhi ahan, A railway (m.c.) ; — rdhi
dhani asbi, A tramway (m.c.) ; — rdhi bdrik,
A narrow road ; — rdhi bdz-guna-naward, A
road difficult to pass; — rdh ba-jdy burdan,
To obtain one's wish with little trouble ; —
rdh ba-jdy (ba-hasdb) ddshtan, rdh ba-dih
burdan (ddshtan), To be in conformity with
reason ;—rdh bar-dwardan ba-chize, To ob-
struct the way with anything ; — rdh bur-
dan, To travel ; to find ; to separate ; to
manage ; — rdh buridan, To travel ; — rdhi
burida, A road infested with robbers ; —
rdh bastan, To way-lay, to intercept the
road ; — rdh ba-sar burdan, To reach the
termination of one's journey ; to com-
plete ; — rdhi baqd, A. tone in music ; — rah
ba bast dmadan, The road is obstructed ;
— rdh ba-ham ddshtan, To communicate
(as railway-carriages, m.c); — rdhi bi-
rdh, A mountain-pass ; — rdh po'idan, To
travel ; — rdhi pahlawi, The road of the
pious; — rdhi piydda-rav (piyddagdn), A
footpath, pavement (m.c.) ; — rdh pish gu-
zdshtan, To show the way ; — rdh paimu-
dan, To measure the road, to travel ; — rdhi
jdma-dardn, Name of a note in music {so
called because the auditors tore their gar-
ments on hearing it) ; — rdh chap zadan
(kardan), To stray from the right road ; —
rdhi hdjiydn, The road of the pilgrims;
likewise the Milky Way ; — rdhi khdr-kaeh
(khdr-kan), Name of a note in music ;
— rdhi fchusrawdni, Name of a note in
music;— rdhi khufta, Along, level, tedious
way ; — rdhi khwdbida (roshan), An open,
main road ; — rdh khwurdan, To hasten
on one's road ; — rdh dddan, To give way,
to admit ; to allow one to pass ; to give
access to ; — rdhi dawxda, Vain labour ; —
rdh didan, To keep aloof, wait the event;
• — rdh diwdr kardan, To intercept the
road ; — rdh-rd taghaiyur kardan, To return
by another road (which is considered
lucky) ; — rdh-rd siyah kardan bar lease, To
make one nameless and traceless, to rele-
gate one to obscurity; — rdh raftan, To go,
to walk (m.c.) ; — rdhi ruh, Name of a note
in music; — rdh roshan kardan, To show the
way ; — rdh rahd kardan, To stray from tho
right road ; — rdh sipurdan, To travel ; — rdh
sar dwardan (kardan), To complete one's
journey ; — rdh ear shudati, The journey is
completed; —rdhsudan. To travel overaroad ;
— rahi shah, The high road ; — rdh zadan,

aV> ( 566 ) *! ;

To rob on the highway ; to sing, to modu-
late ; — rdhi shabdez, Name of a note in mu-
sic ; the thirteenth modulation of Barbud ;
— rdh tai kardan, To travel; — rdhi 'adam,
Death ;—rdhi 'arrdda, A road for carriages,
a carriage- drive (m.c.) ; — rdhi sfkul, The
world; — rdhi gjfcul-ddr, Time, fortune; —
rdhfiro bastan bar, To intercept one's road ;
— rdhi fuldnjd bar-ddshtan (giriftan), To
make for a place; — rdhi farm, Sicknesses,
calamities ; — rah qat' kardan, To proceed,
travel ; — rdhi qalandar, Abandonment of
the world ; name of a note in music ; — rdhi
kdh-kashdn, The Milky Way;— rah kotdh
kardan, To travel by the nearest road ; —
rdhi kur, An unfrequented road ;—rahi kofta
(girifta), A frequented road ; — rah koftan
(firo-koftan), To travel; — rah garddnidan
az hudud, To pass from the boundaries ; —
rah giriftan, To stop the way ; — rdh gushd-
dan (gushudan), To open the road ;— rdhi
gul, Name of a note in music ; — rah na-
mudan, To show the way ; — rdh nawardl-
dan (nuwuhtan), To travel ;—rdh wd shu-
dan, The road is being opened ; — rdh wd
kardan, To open a road; — rdh ydftan, To
find a road to, to obtain, to acquire ; — as
rdh burdan, To lead astray ;—azrdhi mail,
By way of inclination, for friendship's sake ;
— kJiati rdh, A passport ; — dar rdhi has
nihddan, To place in one's way, to give
over to, to put at one's disposal.
*\> rdh-dmoz, A guide.
i\j rdh-anjdm, Travelling apparatus ;
a messenger, courier, postman ; a horse,
mule, &c.

_>y\ *\) rdh-dwar, '\j rdh- award, A pre-
sent, especially brought by one to another
from a distance, or by an ambassador to
his sovereign, from the prince to whom ho
has been sent.

a s-^_> rdhib, A Christian monk ; a pious
person, a devotee, a hermit.

yW*>\) rdhbdn, A road-guard ; a traveller ;
a robber; — rdhibdn (P. pi. of A. rdhib),
Monks.

a &**>\ } rdhibat, A nun.

rdh-bar, A road-guide.
rdhbari, The trade of a road-guide;
guidance ; — rdh-bari namudan, To guide,
show the way ; to persuade, convert.

■w**\> rdh-band, A highway-robber ; a
road-patrol ; a toll-gatherer.

t)^j> *\j rdh-poydn, Swift, fleet (sing, and
pi.).

W$ &\> rdh-paimti, A traveller.

(^5=8- '\j rdh-joy, Eager to run.

ej i s\j rdh-kharch, Road-charges,

rdh-ddr (occupying the road), One
who suddenly attacks, binds, or murders
travellers, a robber, bandit ; a road-patrol ;
one who has charge of the public roads ; a
road-toll gatherer.

iA^I) rdh-ddri, A branch of revenue

collected from travellers for protection
afforded ; a passport to be excused tolls.

gUa^ ruh-ddn, A road-guide.
s\> r&h-daraz, Great distance.

<^~\) t\j rdh-rdst, A great distance.

*\j t\ rah-rah, Striped, variegated ;—
jdma'i (qabd'i) rah-rah, A striped gar-
ment.

)f>\) rdh-rav, A traveller ; a corridor, a
passage (m.c.) ; — rdh-rawdn, rdh-rawdni
azal (sahar), Holy men, devotees, keeping
watch by night ; — rdh-rawdni tariqat, De-
votees ; the four elements ; — rdh-rawdni
gardun, The seven planets.

u^j) *l> rdh-rawish, Manners, ways, cus-
toms.

^sil *\) rdh-rawi, Travel, journey.

Uji^j rdh-zan, A highway robber ; a mu-
sician ; a singer.

^yfclj rdh-zam, Highway-robbery.

s\j rdh-sanj (way-experienced), A
traveller.

a rdhishdni, Two veins in the

fore-legs of a horse.

sUj&Ij rdh- shah, Main road; great tra-
veller.

y^lj nihgdn, Anything picked up upon
the road ; gratis, without labour or pur-
chase ; in vain.

jU&il) rdh-guzdr, rdh-guzar, A pas-

sage, channel, ferry, or pass through moun-
tains ; the gullet ; an event ; a traveller ;
a road-guide ; a present brought from a
journey.

fj\ } t rdh-girdy, A traveller.

b\j rdh-gustar, A beast whereou one
may ride ; oleasant- paced (horses, mules,
or camels).

j-S &\j rdh-glr, A traveller, wayfarer.

rdhan, The cornel-tree; — rdhin,
Name o£ a herb or root given to horses in
medicine.

a (jJ*\) rdhin, Firm, stable; perennial;
a mortgager, one who pledges or pawns ;
thin.

a QfW^j rdh-namaj, for P. —

«Aj rah-ndrna, A road-book, map,

chart.

(ja-U a\j rdh-nishin, A way-side beggar ;
a stranger; messenger; a post, express.

rdh-namd, ^W*^ rdh-namdy, cjj*-^;
rdh-namun, Showing the way; a guide ; a
chamberlain ; a lord, prince.

(jfUi *\j rdh-namd'~i, A showing of the way.

^J]*> s\j rdh-namuni, Guidance, direction ;
rdh-namuni kardan, To guide, to lead the
way.

*\> rdh-naward, A riding-horse ; a
postman ; a messenger ; a foot- traveller ; a
beggar ; houseless.

rd hwdr, A quick, easv, ambling-
paced horse, a good roadster.

rdhwdra, A present from a dis-
tance.

«!; ( 567

«jt)tj*t> rahwart, An ambling pace ; swift
walk.

t}\y*Xj rahwdn, Guard of the road, watch
over enemies or thieves; a toll-gatherer.
rdhwar, An easy, ambling nag.

^ a\> rdh-rawl, An ambling pace ; swift
walk.

a oj*l> rahiin, Name of a mountain in
Ceylon, on which Adam is said to have
fallen.

,_£j*>\) rahuwt, rdhawl, Name of a note in
music.

rdhhd (pi. of rah), Roads, ways.

(jfc^j r«7ij, A thin biscuit; a traveller; —
rahi shudan, To go, to travel.

a ^ftj ra'y, in P. ray (v.n.), Seeing ;
thinking, judging; knowledge, wisdom;
opinion, belief, view, counsel ; good plea-
sure;— rdyi saqib, Prudent advice -; — ray
dadan, To give an opinion ; — ray zadan,
To propose, form a plan, consult; — ray
kardan, To deliberate, to determine; — ray
yak shudan, To be of one mind ; to con-
spire.

^rdy, A road, path; a. raja or Hindu
prince. (See also the preceding article).

A rdydt (pi. of rdyat), Banners.

t^>\) ruydn (pi. of ray), Kings.

y^y. rdydndan, To lead out, or forth.

a s-v\; rd'ib, Doubting.

o y*» ray-bin, Intelligent.

a h\ rdyat, A standard, flag ; a short
spear (construed with the verbs afrdkhtan,
afrdshtan, angekhtan, jnmbidan, zadan,
kashldan) • — rdyati baizd' , The white flag (of
success) ; — rdyati farldun (kdwiydn), The
standard of Faridun.

a rd'ij, Vendible ; current.

<J^j rdy-champd, Name of a certain
fragrant flower found only in India.

A i*>\; rd'ihat (v.n. of C))), Odour,
fragrance; anything; a trifle; — khub-rd'i-
hat, Of a pleasant smell.

a rd'id, One who goes or is sent a
foraging ; the handle of a hand-mill.

a iUflj rd'idat, A woman who gads to and
fro amongst her neighbours.

0^; ls\) rdy-rdydn, The first officer of
the Diwan who has charge of the crown
lands.

a yj ts\> ray -nan, A person whom one
consults.

a rd'is, A governor.

a \J&j rd'ish, One who fits wings to an
arrow; a broker employed to conciliate the
favour of a judge by presents.

a rd'iz, A breaker of horses.

A g»\> ra'i', Redundant, increasing ; hap-
pening to wish ; agreeable, engagiug ;
swift (a horse).

A i3^j rd'iq, Fasting ; taken upon an
empty stomach ; pure, genuine ; beautiful,
lovely ; wonderful.

\sJ,j rdyikd, Beloved, wished-for, desired.

rdygdn, Anything picked up on the
road ; gratis, gratuitous, without labour or
purchase ; in vain ;—rdygdn-rafta, Shed
with impunity (blood).

a ,» ^ rdy-musaddad, Of sound
judgment.

<k\) rdya, An ulcer on the heads of chil-
dren.

a vj rabb (v.n.), Being lord; educating,
bringing up ; perfecting, completing ; col-
lecting ; increasing; resting in one place;
lord ; God ; an elder brother ; [rabbu 'n-
naw', Specific deity, lord of the species ; —
rabbi 'izzat, Lord of glory ;] — rubb, Syrup,
inspissated juice; rob; [rubbu 's-sus, Ex-
tract of liquorice ; — rubbi anar, Extract of
pomegranate juice ; — rubbi riwand, Gam-
boge ;] — rubba, ruba, rub, A few, some ;
many ; sometimes ; perhaps.

A Wj riba', Profit on goods ; usury.
\»> ruba (in comp. from riibudan), "Rob-
bing, stealing, carrying off by violence ;
attracting.

4j rubba (in Zand and Pazand), Great.
A v^; rabdb, A white cloud ; a rebeck ;
name of a beautiful woman ; also of a place
near Mecca, and of a mountain near Medi-
nah ; — ribdb, A covenant ; tithes, tenths ;
five Arabian tribes confederate together.

rubdb, <5-?^j rub aba, A rebeck, a four-
stringed instrument in the form of a short-
necked guitar, but having a surface of
parchment instead of wood.

a ^^.j rababt, A performer on the re-
beck.

<^>. j ribdt (for ribdt) , An inn.
a chj rabdh, Gain, profit ; name of a cer-
tain cup-bearer ; also of a fortress in
Spain ; a kind of cat, the civet-cat ; — rub-
bah, A kid ; a camel's colt.

bj ribd-khudra, )f* Wj ribd-khwur,
A usurer.

A ribdt (v.n. 3 of Wj), Equipping a
horse for a holy war; a troop of horso (five
or more) armed for war; taking up a sta-
tion on the confines of an enemy's coun-
try ; a frontier-station ; an inn ; a monas-
tery ; a rope, cord, thong ; a ligament (in
me'd.).
a rubd', In fours.
a rabd'i, An animal that has shed
his tooth called raba'iyat (see <M^) ;—
rubd'l, A four-letter word ; a verse of four
hemistichs, a tetrastich ; — rubd'lyi tardna,
A quatrain of which all four lines are
rhyming.

a c^UcVjj rubd' iy at, Tetrastich s.
A ^eUj raba'iyat (pi. raba'iyat), A tooth
growing between the front teeth and the
canine tooth (they are four).

a <_y Wj rabbdni, Divine, godly ; a doctor
of divinity, a rabbi ; — rubbdni, The master
of a ship.

yjuiUj rubdnldan, To cause to rob.

*o (

sV»j rubdh, A fox.

A s-fy; rabd'ib (pi. of rabibat), Step-
daughters; goats kept at home for milk-
ing.

a rabd'is (pi. of rabisat and of

ribblsa), Obstacles placed in the way of
doing good.

jjJaajL^ rubdyandagi, Robbery, seizure.

s -w*^; rubdyanda, A robber, plunderer ;
(met.) charming, bewitching, captivating.

(jfyj ruba'i, (in comp.) A plundering.

fcj*sj^j rttbdyidan, To cause to seize or
steal ; to seize, rob.

a rabab, Plenty of good water.

A tfc*}) robs, A hindering, a letting.

a ^ribh, rabah (v.n.), Gaining; profit in
trade; usury; — rubah, A kid; a camel's
colt ; a bird resembling a crow.

a ribhl, Whatever • is gained by
usury.

a rabazat, A string or thong at the
handle of a whip or scourge ; vehemence,
severity ; — ribzat, rabazat, A handful of
wool or tow dipped in pitch, with which
they besmear camels for the scab ; any
cloth employed in cleansing jewels, plate,
or dishes ; — ribzat, A worthless man ; the
stopper of a bottle ; a woollen tuft hung
to the ear of a camel ; a menstruous cloth.

a rabrab, A herd of wild oxen .

by jy) } ribriq (in A, rabraq), Nightshade.

(^jy?) rabrunitan (in Zand and Pazand),
To die.

W)?; rabzabd (in Zand and Pazand), The
sun.

a robs (v.n.), Striking with the
hand ; filling (a leathern bottle).

A yi-?) r abash, White on the nails of
youths.

a (jo>j rabs, &ai> rubsat, Expectation, wait-
ing.

A rabaz, The ropes which fasten the
saddle of a camel ; the intestines (the
heart excluded) ; the walls of a town ; the
Bides of anything ; a sheepcote ; food
sufficient for a meal ; family, kindred,
wealth, domestics, house and home ; — rubz,
The centre of anything; the foundations
of a building; — rubuz, An indolent man
who neglects necessary business.

a rabt (v.n.), Binding, tying; connec-
tion, friendship ; a tie ; practice, habit,
use; construction (in Grammar); — [rabt
hardan, To bind, strengthen, fasten; to
discipline, govern, hold in subjection (also
construed with the verbs uftddan, burdan,
barham zadan and dash-tan ;] — -rubuf. (pi. of
ribdt), Ropes, cords, thongs.

a. rabtx, Connectedness; — bl-rabtl,
TJnconnectedness ; indiscipline.

a £*> rab' (v.n.), Plaiting a fourfold
cord ; drinking every fourth day (a camel) ;
loading a camel by means of a pole ; re-
fraining, abstaining from ; completing with

5«8 ) »

oneself the number four, forty, or forty-
four; receiving a fourth part of the booty;
lifting up a stone as a trial of strength
(see ut-«-)j) ; a spring mansion ; a house,
mansioD, abode ; [rab'-ra bar-ham zadan,To
demolish the house ;] — rub', rubu', A
fourth ; an astronomical quadrant (more
fully called rub'i dd'ira and rub'i mujai-
yib) ; [rub'i samin, rub'i masknn, An inha-
bited quarter of the world; the world;]—
rib', A quartan ague ; the watering of
camels on the fourth day.

a rab'at, A man or woman of middle
stature and square-bodied ; a casket for
spiceries.

a rib'l, Vernal, lorn in the spring;
born in his father's old age (a son) ; —
raba'i, Related to the tribe of rabl'at.

A £>j rabagh, The enjoyment and conve-
niences of life ; — rabigh, A lewd, impudent
fellow.

a i3)j rabq (v.n.), Haltering a camel
ribq, A rope with many loops fo r tying
cattle.

a ribqat, rabqat, A halter, a rope with
a loop or noose ; a collar ; a yoke.

a isXfj rahk (v.n.), Throwing into the
mire ; mixing up crumbled bread with
broth, &e. ■ to prepare the dish ishkina
(see 4a£M).

a J}j rabl, A kind of tree producing
leaves and fruit after the usual season;—
rabal, A very green herb, an antidote to a
viper's bite.

J}; ribl, Southernwood.
a Ijjj rabband, 0 our Lord !
a yj rabw (v.n.), Being increased, multi-
plied ; climbing (a hill), being on the top
of ; breathing heavily, suffering from
asthma ; asthma.

a s->yj rubub (pi. of rubb), Extracts,
syrups.

a <Ji))) rdbiib'i, Divine, theological (learn-
ing)^

a ^niji) rububiyat, Dominion, supreme
power; deity, divinity.

a ribwat, rabwat, rubivat, A hill, rising
ground, heap.

>^>y; rabid, A hoopoo, a poet.
<^j>; rabtlJcha, Sensual delights.

rubudagi, Spoliation, plunder, rob-

bery.

yjyj rubudan, To rob, seize, carry off; to
withdraw from sight ; — zi zin rubudan, To
thiow out of the saddle, to unhorse,
s^yj rubuda, Seized, plundered, robbed.
a Jac s^>; rubuda-'aql, Robbed of one's
senses.

rubus, Voracious, a glutton.
rubusa, rubiisha, rabiisha, (ori-

ginally rn-possha), A veil for the head.

a yAyj rabaz. Large, thick (tree or
chain); wide (coat of mail, &c.) ; — rubuz,
Desisting from blissoming (a ram) ; lying

JO

( 569 )

down with the feet tucked underneath (a
dog, <&c).

rabilla, A kind of artichoke.

Qfy rabtin, Money advanced on goods
which is returned if they should be da-
maged ; earnest; drink-money ; handsel;
profit; a prisoner.

a rabbi, My lord j a doctor of divi-
nity (= ^jbj q.v.) ; — rubbly, A vendor of
the inspissated juice rubb.

a v-ejj vabib, A Btep-son, a wife's son.

A rablbat, A step-daughter ; a ewe
fed indoors for the sake of her milk ; a
nurse, foster-mother.

sy U-^j rail (<d, A kind of small fish.

•^»; rubaid, Confection, preserve, pickle.

ys«?j rubidan, To seize, rob, plunder.

a !a-rtj rabit, Bound, fixed, tied, fastened ;
dry dates steeped in water ; a hermit, a
devotee ; a philosopher retired from the
world ;—rabitv, 'l-jd&h, Brave (man) who
never takes to flight.

A rabV, The spring ; vernal showers;
a rivulet; name of a man; name of the
two spring months called rabi'u 'l-awwal
and rabi'u 'l-dkhar; a fourth.

a &*!Jj rabl'at, A stone lifted or dragged
as a trial of strength ; name of the father
of a tribe.

a (_j«->j rabl'i. Produced in, or belonging
to, the spring, vernal.

•Hj rapad, rapud, ■ify rapud, Name of an
intoxicating herb.

rat, Naked ; — rut, Hollow, empty ;
poor, indigent; all; paper.

a rati (v.n.), Stammering ; a chief,
prince, governor ; a hog.

J^j ritdq, Two garments sewed together.

s-Jj raib, Life (probably related to the
following).

a s~>j ratab, Affliction, hardship ; the
space between the index and middle finger ;
high ground ; rocks of unequal height
close together.

a i*J; rutbat, A degree, a step ; rank, dig-
nity; — rutba'i 'ulyd, The highest degree.

a &j ruttat, Hesitation in speaking.

a ^5) red] (v.n.), Shutting (a door);
— rataj, A great door with a small one in
it.

A t»j ratkh (v.n.), Being thin and soft
(mud) ; remaining still ; falling or hang-
ing back, shrinking from.

rutashlakh, Cupping (unsupported
by examples).

A gSj rat' (v.n.), Koving in wide, rich
pastures (sheep).

a >3ij ratq (v.n.), Shutting, filling, sewing
up, closing; repairing ; reformation ; [ratq
ufatq, Shutting and opening, loosing and
binding, the ordering of affairs ;] — rataq,
A narrowness of female organs to such a
degree as only to allow a passage for the
urine.

usk; rutak, Wild mint.

a rath (v.n.), Going with a short,
quick step (camel).

a J»j ratal, A discourse pronounced with
a clear, melodious voice ; a neat and regu-
lar arrangement of anything; smoothness,
regularity, and whiteness of teeth.

a fS) ratm (v.n.), Breaking.

a i+tj ratmat, A thread rolled round the
finger to bring to mind anything.

a (jjJj rain, A mixing of dough with lard ;
— ratan, Name of an Indian who claimed
to have associated with Muhammad, and
who set traditions afloat, which, however,
are rejected by most authorities.

a f) ratw (v.n.), Fastening ; strengthen-
ing (the mind) ; nodding.

a rutub (v.n. of s-j;), Being firm,
solid, motionless.

a g/j rutu' (v.n. of £5;), Pasturing at
discretion (cattle).

&J) rata, An Indian filbert-nut.

j-fWi^j ritibanaj, A kind of sea-crab ; a
sort of medicinal stone.

a c Mj rutattd', in P, ruiail (V), Ta-
rantula.

a ratlmat, ratlma, A thread wound
round the finger as a reminder.

a rass, Worn, torn ; ragged clothes.

a risa' (v.n. of (j>>), Praising (the
dead) in a funeral oration, weeping and
wailing over him (hired mourners).

a rims (pi. of rissat), Eags ; old,
shabby furniture.

A SS\Sj rasasat (v.n. of «±>)), Being dirty,
squalid, unsightly, ragged, going to pieces ;
raggedness ; unsightliness.

a Cjtfj rasdn, Rain following rain.

A 4>j rigat (v.n. of ^Jjj), Inheriting; —
rissat, Ragged furniture ; a foolish woman ;
low, vulgar people ; weak men.

a J^j rasd (v.n.), Laying (furniture or
wares) side by side, or one upon another ;
— rasad, Household utensils arranged side
by side ; weak men.

a ffj rasa' (v.n.), Being very greedy and
covetous ; avidity, greediness.

a /J) rasm (v.n.), Bruising and making
bloody (the nose or mouth); anointing
(the nose with an odoriferous unguent) ;
— rasam, A white spot on a horse's upper
lip ; name of a herb.

a t)>j rusiit, A remaining fixed (to a seat).

a ,_5»j rasy (v.n. of ^j), Becoming ten-
derly affected, commiserating ; praising
(the deceased) in a funeral sermon, crying
over him, coudoling.

a ki-^jj rasis, Worn, gone to pieces ;
covered with wounds, and expiring.

a Ej rajj (v.n.), Shaking, making quake;
being shaken, trembling ; imprisoning,
detaining, confining.

a »W; raja' (v.n. of yt-j), Hoping; fear-
ing ; hope, fear ; a side, border, edge.

( 570 )

a eW-j rajdj, Lean (cattle) ; weak, lan-
guid (men).

a cW-j rajah, Large-hipped (woman).

A £Wj rijd' (v.u. of £*;), Returning, as a
bird of passage from a warm to a cold
climate ; returning from one journey to
begin another ; returning.

rajtif, The beat of a drum.

a rajjdf, The day of the Resurrec-
tion ; the sea ; an airy jaunty maimer in
walking.

JWj rajdl, A cobweb; a spider,

A JWj rijdl (pi. of raj ul and rajl), Men ;
(pi. of rajil) pedestrians ; men on foot, in-
fantry ; — irsdli rijdl Jcardan, To despatch a
body of men.

a <i^^f) rajdld, in P. also rajdli (pi. of
rdjil, rajil), Footmen, infantry.

(jW-j rajjan, Name of a place in Persia,
called also yW-^ arrajdn.

<sWj rajjdni, A native of Rajjan.

A rajab (v.n.), Fearing; worshipping,
revering ; name of the seventh Arabian
month ; — rajabu 'l-murajjab, Rajab, the
revered (m.c).

a <*>W; rajabdt (pi. of s-«f-j), Months of
Rajab.

a cjW^_, rajabdn (dual), The seventh and
eighth months, i.e. Rajab and Sha'bfin.

a rujkdn (v.n. oE c^-j), Inclining,

preponderating, drawing (a scale) ; excel-
ling, surpassing; excellence, superiority.

a rajs (v.n.), Making or repeating the
verses called rajaz ; — rijz, rujz, Impurity ;
idolatry, polytheism ; pain, torment ; —
rajaz, Name of a metre (mustafilm =
^ — six timeB repeated) ; a dis-
ease of the camel.

a jq-j rajaz-Jehwdni. Recitation of

verse (especially of the rajaz metre).

a y-^j rajs (v.n.), Thundering loudly ;
braying of a camel; any load sound; —
rys, Uncleanness ; sin, iniquity.

a &■) raj' (v.n.), Bringing back, restor-
ing ; answering (a letter) ; repeating, re-
turning ; ambling (of a horse) ; selling a
camel nnd buying another with the pro-
ceeds ; rain after rain ; profit, return ;
dung ; ground over which a torrent has
passed.

a ruj'dn, Waters stagnant, pent up,
or regorged, also the places where they
stagnate ; the answer to a letter.

a Sa^j raj'at, rij'at (v.n. of C^j), Return-
ing to earth after death ; receiving again a
divorced wife ; return ; an answer to a
letter; — raj'ati sarb, Repercussion; re-
bound.

a Js^j ruj'd, A reply to a letter.
rajghak, A belch.

a <-JW-j rajf (v.n. of l - 4 ^)), Moving, caus-
ing to move ; being greatly shaken (the
earth).

a y^**) rajafdn (v.n. of <-**)), Shaking

violently (the earth) ; thundering with re-
verberation ; tremor, emotion.

a rajfat, Agitation ; an earth-

quake.

«sW; rajak, A belch. .

a Js-j rajl. (v.n.), Tying the foot; — rijl,
The foot ; time, life-time; a swarm (as of
locusts) ; an army ; the lower end of a,
bow when shooting ; [rijlu 't-td'ir, An iron
for burning ; — rijlu 'l-ghurdb, Buck's-horn
plantain (Coronope vulgaris) ;] — rajal
(v.n.), Being on foot; turning a mare
loose with her colt to pasture freely, or a
dam with her kid, so that it may suck at
pleasure; — rajil, & man on foot, a pedes-
trian; sleek hair (opposed to ja% "curly") ;
— rajul, A (full-grown) man.

a <si>-j rajla, Purslain ; a mushroom ; (for
A. rajulat) a masculine woman.

a rajm (v.n.), Stoning to death,
killing ; pelting with stones ; reproach,
contumely, execration ; conjecture ; speak-
ing by conjecture; anything thrown; —
rajam, A tomb, a grave ; a well, pit, trench ;
a furnace ; — rujum, Shooting stars ; stones
heaped upon a grave.

A rajn (v.n.), Keeping (a horse) in
the stable, and bringing (him) down by
poor provender.

a tyj-j rujuh (v.n. of e*-j), Dipping, pre-
ponderating (a scale).

a ruju' (v.n. of ff»-j), Returning ;
return ; repetition ; reference ; answer to
a letter; — ruju' farmudan (Jcardan), To
refer, appeal, bring a suit into court; to
address, to turn oneself to (m.c.) ; to con-
sign, to commit to one's charge (m.c.) ; —
ruju' kardan, To give back ; to take back.

Uys-j rajii'd, rajufam, Rehoboaw,

son of Solomon.

a rujulat, and —

a ^ff) rujvllyat, Manliness, virility.

A rvjun (v.n. of t)^-;), Abiding in,
tarrying at, or being used to (a place).

raja, A clothes-line ; a row ; — raja
ba-raja ietddan, To stand in a line, side by
side ; — yak-raja dirakht nishdndan, To
plant trees in a single line.

a raji', (A horse or camel) returning
fatigued from a journey and immediately
despatched upon another; an answer; any-
thing returned, restored, or rejected ; dung
of horses or cattle ; excrements of wild
beasts ; the remains of food which cattle
bring up when chewing the cud; a lean
camel.

A rajl' at, rajl' a, A camel bought

with the proceeds of another (see £*■;).

a ft^ft-j rajim, Overwhelmed with stones ;
stoned ; devoted to destruction ; execrable
(devil).

J^j richdl, A confection.

ujWj rachitic, Eructation.

A Uj raha, A mill-stone.

1=

( 571 )

A rihalat, A snddle made of leather,
without any wood in it.

a JfUj rakd'il (pi. of rihalat), Leathern
saddles.

a s-e-j rahb, Spacious (place) ; wide ; —
ra]}ah, Spacious areas, &c. for walking ;
name of the father of a tribe ; — ruhb, Being
large, spacious, commodious.

a rahbat, rakabat, A spacious area
(of a temple or other place) ; an extended
piece of ground.

A ^e-j rahah, Breadth of a horse's hoof
(reckoned a beauty unless flat); — ruhuh,
Wide dishes or cups.

A rahrah, t)°-} rahrah, a^-fj, rak-
rahdn, Broad, large.

A tj**} rahz (v.n.), Washing (either
hands or clothes) ; perspiring after a par-
oxysm of fever.

a oU*._) ruhaza, A sweat after the par-
oxysm of a. fever, so as actually to bathe
the skin.

a J=-, rahl (v.n.), Saddling (a camel) ;
departing, travelling ; a (small) camel's
saddle ; an abode, a resting-place ; house-
hold furniture ; a reading-stick, a support
for a book ; the eye-brow of a mistress.

a iV, rihilat (v.n. of Travelling, de-
parting, migrating; marching; death;
[riklati shdh-zdda az ddri fand, The depar-
ture of the prince from this frail world ; —
rihlat kardan, To depart, travel ; to die ;]
—ruhlat, The side or direction to which
one is travelling.

a ruhm, in P. rahm, Compassion,
commiseration ; [rahm kardan, To pity
(m.c.) ; — rahm namudan, To show mercy;]
—rahim, The womb ; kin, relationship ; —
sila'i rahm, A union of kindred, a meeting
of friends ; — qat'i rahim, A desertion, cut-
ting, or alienation of kinsfolk.

A rahmdn, Merciful, compassionate

(God).

a Ua'i rahm dshnd, A friend to mercy,
merciful.

n u 5 ^*^ rahmdni, Divine.

a, rahim-band, A pessary (med.).

A rahmat, A gift of the divine
mercy ; rain, a woman's name ; pity, com-
passion, commiseration; pardon, forgive-
ness ;— rahmat afshundan (dwardan, burdan,
kardan) bar, To pity, commiserate ;—rah-
matu, 'l-ldh 'alai-hi, The mercy of God (be)
upon him ; — ba-rahmati khudd raftan, To
die ; — ihudd rahmai-ash kunad, May God
have mercy upon him, Eequiescat in
pace.

jlil u-*=>) rahmat-abdd, Name of a town

in Gilan.

a Jo rahm-dil, Tender-hearted, mer-
ciful, compassionate.

a (;>*=■) rahmdn (for e l * e *j)> Merciful.

a rahw (v.n.), Building (a mill);
turning (a mill) ; coiling itself (a serpent).

A Js=*; rahi'i, A mill ; a mill-stone.

a >-r~t^) rahib, Wide, spacious (place) ; a
glutton ; — rahlbu 's-sadr, Broad-chested.

A ^>*=-j rahlq, The best wine ; pure, clear,
generous (wine) ; a kind of perfume,

A J^&j rahil, A journey ; departure ;
saddled (a camel) ; a strong camel fit for
the road ; — rahil dwardan (kardan), To
depart.

a »W J*£.j rahil-gdh, A station or resting-
place on a journey.

a rahim, Merciful, compassionate ;
oue of the names of God.

t> rakh, A sigh ; grief, anguish, sorrow ;
disease ; the sound of a musical instru-
ment ; a cleft, chink, notch, fissure ; — rukh,,
A cheek ; the face, countenance ; a side,
point, quarter ; the rook or tower at chess ;
a knight-errant ; a head-stall for a horse ;
a rhinoceros ; name of a certain bird of
mighty wing (perhaps the condor, but most
probably fabulous) ; a beast resembling a
camel, but very fierce ; the skin of the throat
of a certain water-fowl ; a reed, rush, or
flag wheuce mats are made ; a crown for-
merly worn by the kings of Persia ; — rukh
dwardan (tdftan, kardan, nihddan) su'i
(andar, dar), To turn the face towards, to
travel to, to make for; to come; — -rukh
dddan, To countenance; — rukh namudan,
To look at, to see ; — afrdzi rukh, The protu-
berant part of the cheek; — bar rukh an-
gushti siytihi kashidan, To disgrace ; to
calumniate.

a t) rakhkh (v.n.), Treading, trampling
on ; mixing wine with water ; — rukhjch, A
soft herb ; name of a fabulous bird (see
preceding article) ; the castle at chess ; a
quarter in NIshapiir.

a sAi) rakhd' , Affluence, the conveniences
and pleasures of life ; — rukAd', A gentle
breeze.

a c^j rakhdkh, Soft, open ground; easy
and comfortable life.

a !Lc\±.j rakhdmt (v.n. of (j**-;), Being
low-priced, cheap; cheapness; being deli-
cate.

A JW-j rikhdl (pi. of rikhl, rakhil), Ewe-
lambs.

a ^^t) rukh-alldhi, With divine cheeks.

a rukhdm, Marble, alabaster; — ru-
kh ami safed, White marble.

A rakhdmat (v.n. of f^j), Being

soft, gentle (speech).

a ^j"^) rukhdmi, Anything made of mar-
ble ; fine silken stuff interwoven with gold
threads ; a species of thorn.

i±£>U-) rakhdni/, The country of Arracnii.

a SjU-j rakjhdwat, rukhdwat (v.n. of ^j),
Being loose, soft, flabby.

thf+^-j tikhbin, rukhbin, Sour milk; but-
ter-milk, or anything dressed with it ; a
dish made of sour and fresh milk with
flour i new cheese.

( 572 )

*^s«i; rukhblna, Made from sour milk ;
turpentine.

rakht, Goods and chattels, appara-
tus ; wearing apparel ; traps ; rich furni-
ture, tapestry, housings, harness ; a horse ;
a ray or beam of the sun or moon ; sad-
ness, grief ; right, true ; a meal for one
man ; — rakht az jihan burdan, To die ; —
rakkt afgandan, To stop still ; to be weak;
— rakht bar-bastan (bastan),To setoff upon
a journey ; to die; — rakht bar-cMdan (bar-
dashtari), To depart ; —rakht bar sahrd nihd-
dan (ba-ziri ttamln kashldan), To die ; —
rakht ba-sahra kashldan, To die ; — rakhti
khdna, Household furniture ; — rakhti
kJwud-ra ba-dozakh kashldan, To die the
death of a sinner ; — rakht re khtan (gnshd-
dan, nihadan) dar, To settle in a place ; —
rakhti khwurshed u mah, The suq's rays,
and the beams of the moon ; — rakhti safar,
Travelling outfit; — rakhti sa.ldmi (saldm
'alek), A dress put on when going to court;
— rakhti 'arue, Whatever the bride carries
from her parents' to her husband's house ;
— rakhti ma.'tam foshldan, To dress in
mourning ; — rakht u matd', Articles per-
taining to personal estate ; — rakhti hasti,
.Reason, understanding ; — rakhti hasti ba-
tahra'i nisti burdan, To deprive of life or
reason.

)y» rakJit-soz, Who burnt his chattels.

jfA> vs^ij rakht-shur, A washer-man or
woman (m.c).

i»U jfi. L=~ij rakht-shur-Jchdna, Wash-
house, laundry (m.c).

ufiS c^i, rak]t.t-kash, A beast of burden ;
a traveller.

y£ ta^ij rajcht-kan, Place to undress,
dressing-room in a public bath (m.c).

i\S rak&t-gdh, " Place of ruin."

JU rakht-mal, A kind of mangle for
smoothing linen.

rakhta, Wounded, sick, diseased.

gij rakhj, rakhaj, Sordid, base, angry,
bad-tempered; — ruichj, Name of a place in
Bust.

^ C; rukh-rubd, Name of a rapacious
bird.

_jL-i; rukhsdr, The cheek ; the face, coun-
tenance.

ylfjL-i.j rufchsdragiln (pi. of the follow-
ing), Cheeks.

*>^~ *-j rukhsdra, Cheek, face, complexion,
mien.

rakhsh, Lightning ; the rainbow ;
reflection of light ; a mixture of red and
white ; a face marked with moles ; a mot-
tled or partridge-coloured horse ; swift ; a
horse ; name of the horse of the celebrated
Rustam ; happy, fortunate, prosperous ;
joyful; commencement; happiness, pro-
sperity ; [rakhshi bahdr, Vernal breezes or
clouds;] — rukhsh, A whitening beard; a ray
of light, a flash ; the sun.

rakhshd, rukjiehd, <j^-i-; rukhshati,
Shiniug, flashing.

i_r~*"!-; rukhshish, A ray of light, a flash,
shine, lustre.

rakhshgar, One who sings for hire
with instruments.

^x>J^j rakhshandagl, Flash, shine,
lustre.

yOi^-i*.^ rak&ehidan, To shinej flash; to
boast.

a yoij rakhh Soft, flexible ; — rujehs (v.n.),
Being cheap ; lowness of price, cheap-
ness.

a rukhsat, Leave, permission to re-
tire ; facility ; cheapness ; — rukjisat Msii
kardan, To allow ; — rukhsat khwdstan, To
desire permission to depart ; — rukhsat dd-
dan, To dismiss ; — rukhsat daehtan, To
have permission ; — rukhsat shudan. To have
leave to depart, to be dismissed ; — rukhsat
farmudan, To permit, allow, grant leave ;
— rukhsat kardan, To dismiss, suffer to de-
part ; — rukhsat giri/tan, To take leave ; to
have oneself authorised (m.c).

a rukhmtdna, A present made on

dismissing a person.

a Ujl uu~otj rukhsat-farmd. Granting
leave.

a (j^^-j r ukhsat'i, A thing given at part-
ing.

a rgkhf (v.n.), Being soft, thin; thin
butter ; a kind of dye.

j#* fakh-fiross, A bangle in the shape
of a four-fold string ; — rukh-firoz, The
seventh day of the month.

t;*^; rakh-gira, A bracelet of gold or
silver, as described in the preceding ar-
ticle.

A Ji> rikhl, rakhil, A ewe-lamb.

A ^ rakham. Thick milk ; favour, affec-
tion, friendship ; name of a place ; also of
a mountain-pass near Mecca ; a carnivo-
rous bird.

A rakhamat, in P. rakhma, A bird
like a vulture which feeds on carrion.

rakhna, A breach in a wall, a frac-
ture, notch (in a sword or knife), hole,
crack, chink ; a loop-hole ; window ; [rakh-
na dar diwdr dwardan, To quit a religious
life (it is moreover construed with the
verbs afgandan, baatan, ba-ham dmadan,
zadan, kardan, and giriftan) ; — rakhna'i
ihamsMr, The stroke of a sword ; accord-
ing to others the edge of a sword;] —
rukhna, Paper.

rakhna-ddr, Notched, cracked.

yljj 8jj iis-j rathna-zada eabdn, Cursed
by all.

a jjs-j rakhiu. rikhw, rukhw, Soft, loose,
relaxed.

a rikhwat (v.n. of fy), Being loose,
soft, flabby.

a rukhut (A. pi. of P. rakht),

Clothes, &c. (See ^-j.)

y^> (

ffy rakhugar, A darner, stitcher of
counterpoint. (See /j*,.)

yAjij rakhidan. To pant, puff, breathe
hard.

A yojij rakhis, Soft (garment) ; low-
priced, cheap, reasonable.

a rakhim, Easy, gentle (language) ;
softly-spoken (girl).

i rakhimat, Soft and gentle- spoken
(girl)-

y^-j rakhin, A goad ; whey ; a churn.

4i * i -j rakhina, Resin of the pine-tree.
rad, Intelligent, skilful, learned, philo-
sophic ; bold, strong, brave ; a high priest
oE the Magi.

a J) radd (v.n.), Driving, casting, bring-
ing or sending back ; repulse, rejection ;
refutation ; repeal, abrogation ; anything
bad, worthless, refuse ; — raddi pa, A foot-
print (m.c.) ; — raddi jawdb, A reply, re-
joinder; — radd dddan, To repulse; to send
away ; raddi saldm, The return of a saluta-
tion ; — radd sJiudan, To depart, go off, go
away (m.c.) ; — radd kardan. To return; to
resist, repulse ; to cancel, erase, rescind ; —
raddi kaldm. Refutation, reply.

a oU*) ridd', A cloak or mantle; — ridd'i
nil (met.), Night.

a radd'at (v.n. of Being naught,
bad, worthless ; badness, worthlessness ;
depravity.

a c^; raddh, Large-hipped (woman) ; a
large dish ; a slow-marching encumbered
army.

t)Wj raddn (pi. of rad), Expert, knowing,
wise.

a Sjj raddat, Deformity (in which there
is some trace of beauty) ; — riddat, Repel-
ling ; apostacy ; abundance of milk before
giving birth.

a c^j radl). (v.n.), Enlarging (a tent) ;
plastering the walls of a house ; — radah, A
long space of time; — ruduh (pi. of e^j
q.v.), Heavy-hipped women ; large dishes ;
serious disturbances, seditions.

a s*ij jj radd-zada, A reprobate (=
q.v.).

a rods (v.n.), Hitting with a stone;
battering a wall ; crushing, pounding
small ; levelling ground; going away with,
carrying off.

a rod' (v.n.), Driving away; prohi-
biting, hindering ; marks of blood, saffron,
or ointment upon the body.

a <J«ij radf (v.n.), Coming after; suc-
ceeding ; — ridf, Any person mounted be-
hind another ; anything following or placed
behind another ; who sits at the right
hand of the king, eats and drinks with
him, follows him to war, &c, his hench-
man ; name of a star in the breast of the
Swan ; (in poetry one of the infirm letters
I j, or ^s, when immediately preceding

573 )

the ravn, or final letter of the rhyme ; the
buttocks of a horse.

tfj; radkd (in Zand and Pazand),
Straight ; true.

a r> } radm (v.n.), Shutting, closing up
(a gap) ; bolting (a door) ; mending,
patching (a garment) ; any wall or barrier
(particularly that between Gog and Ma-
gog); part of a wall tumbled 'down; a
worthless fellow ; breaking wind.

a tJJ, radn (v.n.), Arranging or piling
one over another (merchandize or house-
hold utensils) ; twisting together ; the
noise of arms clashing against each other ;
— rvdn, A gusset, or the arm-bole of a
sleeve ; — radan, Spun silk; a child's caul.

j=r->j radar> -jo, A moth.

so; rada, A line, rale, series, a row of
stones, course of bricks; a threshing in-
strument.

a (jJj radl, Corrupt, perishing, ruinous ;
wicked, depraved; — raddi, Rejected; re-
jected things.

A <-A>>>j radif, One who rides behind an-
other on the same horse ; following one
another in a row (m.c.) ; auxiliary forces
(m.c.) ; a star near the Eagle ; a star which
rises when tbe one opposite sets ; (in pros-
ody) a word following the rhyme; — radifi
sarafan, The sign Leo ; — radif guzdshtan,
To range, to place in order (m.3.).

a fjJj radim, Worn, torn, or mended
(garment).

A razdlat (v.n. of J-ij), Being vile
and base, baseness, meanness ; avarice ; —
ruzdlat (also ruzdV), The worst left after
the best is taken ; refuse.

A razd'il (pi. of razilat), Mean,

worthless things.

A J jj razl (v.n.), Despisiug, discarding ;
rendering vile and despicable ; mean, base.

A razm (v.n.), Flowing, overflowing
(any vessel) ; being full to the brim.

a razilm, Flowing, fluid ; brimful.

a jjjj rani. Mean, vile, worthless, ig-
noble.

a Alooj razilat, A mean, worthless thing ;
vileness, worthlessness (the opp. of fazl-
lat).

\jj rani (in Zand and Pazand}, The ear.

j; raz, A vineyard; a vine; a grape; a
deadly poison; a dyer; colour; a battle;
a castle ; — m, Scatter thou ! (for ret, imp.
of rekhtan) ; scattering (in comp.).

a j[) razz (v.n.), Thrusting her tail into
the ground to deposit her eggs (a locust) ;
fixing anything in the ground ; making an
iron eye to a door to receive a bolt ; — rmz,
Rice ;— ruz' (v.n.), Overtaking (as misfor-
tune), injuring, impairing, diminishing (a
man's substance) ; misfortune, calamity.

a fa razzdz, A seller of rice (ruzz).

A jljj razzdq, Dispenser, disposer of ; au
attribute of God, as the provider of the

I 574 )

necessaries of life, the giver of daily bread ; I
providence.

a ijft}) raxdqi, Wine. I
a pVjj rizdm (v.n. 3 of Doing one

thing immediately after another, as eating
hastily mouthfuls of different kinds of vic-
tuals ; Dame of the father of a tribe ; —
ruzam (v.n. of ft))), Being unable to rise or
move (a camel).

O^) razan (pi, of raz), Vines ;— rizan
(for restart, pres. part, of rekhtan), Scatter-
ing.

a razanat (v.n. of y^), Being heavy
(in weight) ; being grave, modest, sedate ;
firmness, strength.

a Vjj razdyd (pi. of razi'at), Afflictions,
misfortunes.

a razb (v.n.), Firmly adhering, •with-
out moving; keeping, preserving.

■^V^ h raz hddrad (?), Sphere of the
planet Mars.

O^jj razbdn, The dresser of a vineyard ;
a gardener (said to have given origin to
the A. q-v.).

/Jj raz-bur, A vine pruning-hook.

a cj) rash (v.n.), Spearing through ; fall-
ing down from weakness ( a . camel).

J); razd, A glutton.

a jJjj razdaq, A row, a line.

razda, Tired, knocked up; hindered.
)) rass-r-ud, Name of a river in Trans-
oxania.

rizfin, - q.v., of which it is,

perhaps, a misreading, or vice versa.

A razq (v.n.), Bestowing what is ne-
cessary for the support of life ; — rizq,
Riches, good fortune, acquired wealth,
support, daily bread ; a pension ; rain.

a i>jj razqat, One gift, pensioD, or allow-
ance ; a single ration .

* y~ <il> r ^9.-j°> Seeker of a livelihood, of
wealth.

razm, War, battle, combat; a chump,
a log for cooking ; — razm leardan, To fight ;
— razam (from razidan), I stain.

A f>j) razm (v.n.), Drawing together (a
sack) ; packing ; a camel unable to rise
from weakness; — ruzam, Standing firm on
the ground ; a lion.

(*>; razm-drd, Adorning the battle-
field, an accomplished warrior.

^"j^ razm-azmd, Skilled in war, war-
like.

fb razm-afgan, A combatant.
a razmat , rissmat, A bundle of clothes ;
a parcel.

J*" tii raE f !l -j'o ('V s - khpdh s \ . Eager for
battle or war.

s-^J razm-dlda, Experienced in war-
fare.

0) (•); razm-zan, A slayer in battle; a
warrior, combatant.

razm-sdz, Intent on combat ; put-
ting in battle array.

^ fi) razm-kar, War, warfare.

'V? razrri'gdh (<** yah), A battle-field.

J*^")) razm-gir, Name of the fifteenth of
the month.

')?• Ch raxm-yiiz, Seeking war, pugnacious.

a ojj razn (v.n.), Balancing anything in
the hand to try its weight ; high ground
where water can stagnate ; — rizn, A mar-
gin, side, border.

iJijj razanda, A stain er, a dyer.

U*>y riznin, A bolt, a key (see t^jj).

<^jj; razwan, The keeper of a vineyard j
sphere of the planet Venus. (See yW);.)

*j) raza, A stretched line over which
clothes are hung; nightshade; a ring or
staple.

a hj) raziyat, Affliction, calamity.
yJujj razidan, To dye, tinge, stain,
colour.

S-Mjj razida, Stained, dyed,

a razlz, A dyeing herb.

A f»ij) razlm, The roaring of a lion.

a razln, Modest, grave, patient;
firm, solid, strong; weighty; — rd'i razln,
A weighty counsel.

a isyj razi'at, Affliction, misfortune, dis-
aster.

Jj razb., Indignation, rage, chiding
(doubtful).

Jj; razhad, Voracious, devouring (see

(•j; razham, War, battie.

razha, A stretched rope on which they
hang clothes to dry ; a mason's rule; edg-
ing, border.

u-j rat, (in comp. from rasldan) Arri-
ving; happening; touching ; ripe ; a vine ;
a glutton ; a corrupter, destroyer, mischief-
maker; a rope, cable; a necklace; a neck-
cloth ; smelted ore ; hard, firm, strong ;
(for aras) the river Araxes ; — rig (imp. of
ristan), Spiu thou; — rus, A glutton; hard,
firm, steady; yellow-bodied (man); a
necklace.

a tj*j rass (v.n.), Digging (a well or
grave); the beginning of anything; first
attack or symptom (of a fever or love) ;
burying ; hiding, secreting ; making peace,
reconciling; a well constructed with stones ;
name of a certain well in which the people
of sarnud imprisoned oue of their prophets
until he died ; — asfydbi (ahli) rass, Name
given to these people.

rasa, Arriving, attaining; quick of
appmhension, skilful, capable, clever ;
much, many.

a. vasdlat, risdlat, A mission, lega-
tion ; the gift of prophecy ; the office o£ a
prophet ; a letter, a treatise ; — risdlat, ri-
sdla, A troop of horse.

a iUj tsJU j risalat-pandh, The asylum uf
the prophetic office ; — hazrati risdlat-pandh,
His Holiness the refuge of prophecy (Mu-
hammad).

U; (

^ a v^* ks-JLj ris&lat-ma'db, Seat or depo-
sitory of prophecy (Muhammad).

a fit aJUj risala-dar, The commander of
a risiila, or body of horse.

ilUj risala-darl. Command of a

troop.

a rassdm, A designer, describer, de-
lineator; name of an armourer and iron-
smith who made Sikandar's mirror ; also
of a painter of Bahram Gor.

rasan, (in comp.) Bringing ; pro-
ducing ; — salami saldinat-rasdn, A saluta-
tion, wishing health.

(joiU, rasdndan, = yJi*iL-j q,v. ; — chize
ba-chi»e rasdndan, To follow up one thing
by another, to bring or produce in succes-
sion.

<ul«, rasdna, Grief, regret, lamentation.

(jx>H. ; rasdnldan, To cause to arrive ; to
bring to bear ; to convey, carry and deli-
ver; to pay ; to vouchsafe^ to grant (m.c.) ;
— rasdnidan khwud-rd, To betake oneself
to (m.c).

•ij^j rasdyid, rasdyad, Dross of iron.

a J?Uj rasd'il (pi. of risdlat, rasdlat),
Epistles, missives ; messages ; treatises.

<j>L») rasd'l, Access, entrance; wisdom,
quickness of apprehension, cleverness,
skill, talent, ability; propriety, fitness, per-
fection.

e ufioiL^j raspdndant, Respondent, an-
swering to a suit of law.

v*-y rast, He escaped ; liberty ; one who
has the victory over his passions ; free,
secure; firm, steady; a row, rank ; a por-
tico, gallery, verandah ; the ground ; — rust,
He grew ; growth, increase ; victory, supe-
riority ; ground; a Bort of hard ground;
hearty, courageous ; solid, not hollow ;
strengthened, firmly bound ; strong, firm.
rustd (for U-,^ q.v.), A market-place,

&c.

^-j rastd-khez, Day of the resurrec-
tion ; tumult (construed with bar-dmadan
and bar-angekhtan).

rastdd, A stipend, a salary.
rastdr, Safety, deliverance ; libe-
rated, set free, safe; benevolent; — rustdr,
A countryman, peasant, villager.

a j^-j rustdq, rastdq, A village, market-
town, encampment of tents or huts; a vil-
lager; the commander of a file of men, a
corporal.

liJU-, rastdk, A young shoot, sapling.

fcjXjU-j rustdnidan, To cause to grow.

^jU-j rustdy, = q.v.

)«afc*«>j rastakhez, The day of resurrection ;
— ruetaMess, Newly sprung up.

k£X~, rustak (dim. of rustd), A small
market-place, &c. (unsupported by exam-
plea).

rastagdr, Safe, free, escaped ; boun-
tiful.

(jj&Uj rastagdri, Safety, escape ; salva-

575 )

tion ; bounty ; — rastagdri dddan, To libe-
rate, to redeem (in literal and mystical
sense).

O^Si-, rastagdri (pi. of rasta), Free, es-
caped.

f*z~j rustam, Rustam the son of Zal, the
most renowned hero among the Persians ;
also called rustami dastdn, rustami %dl, rns-
tami zal gar, rustami safftsl ; — rustami yak-
dast, Name of a hero born one-handed.
•&C\ rustam-dbdd, Name of a place ;
t-Jj} pi—) rustarn-barf, An immense snow
man of terrible aspect.

rustam-ddr, Name of a province
in Mazandariiu.

<v)U~.j rustam- dastdn, The celebrated
hero Rustam ; one who takes precedency
in eating.

a s-»^j f*--; rustam-rihdb, Brave, valiant.
a (jjVij f+z*.) rustam-rilcdbi, Bravery, va-
lour, knightliness.

a yUc rustam-'indn, Brave, valiant,
cy**-; rusiamun, An assembled multi-
tude.

0 -*-x~, rustami, Valour, heroism.
^s*x-.j rustamin, Grass just springing up.
(jou.j rastan, To be liberated, to escape ;
to let go; — ristan, To spin; to buzz; —
rustam, To grow, come forth, appear; to
cause to grow ; — bar-rustan, = rustan ;
hetioe bar-rusta, A plant without Stalk ; a
rustic. (Sec _^.)

tjW-j rustam, What grows ; a vegetable ;
the time when, or the place where, any-
thing grows.

&z~.j rasta, Delivered, rescued, saved ;
escaped, free ; a row, a line of merchants'
warehouses ; also a market, with regular
ranges of shops, full of goods ; rule,
institute, custom, manner, fashion ; pure
without and within ; — rista, Spun ; —
rusta, Grown ; whatever increases in size ;
a kind of sweetmeat ; a market town ; —
rusta'i khdk, All existing things.

j\£ rastagdr, Liberated, escaped; —
rastagdr farmudan (namudan), To liberate,
set free (m.c).

^Jte^j rastagdri, Escape ; remission of
sins.

rustahm, Rustam, the Persian Her-
cules.

i_s^-j rasti, Escape, deliverance; — rueti,
Daily bread, maintenance, allowance ; un-
dressed meat ; sweetmeats ; bravery, cou-
rage, firmness, vigour ; victory, superio-
rity; rest, repose, leisure.

raskh, Transmigration of the soul of
a man into a plant or tree.

rdsad, A store of grain laid in for an
army, a supply of provisions ; a share ;
worthy of; arriving; entering into.

a J^J^-j rusddq, J- 1 -^ rusdaq, A habita-
tion in a village or encampment of huts ;
the commander of a file of men.

( 576 )

(jJ— ; rasadi, Grain ; a moiety.

rasish, Approach, arrival ; accident,
occurrence.

a g-j rasa' (v.n.), Having a complaint in
the eye-lid, whereby the lashes appear as
if glued together ; a complaint in the eye-
lashes.

a £-j rvswgA, rusgh, The slender part
which in quadrupeds extends from the fet-
lock-joint to the hoof; the pastern; the
wrist (in man) ; — rusghi pa, The instep.

a rasf, y^»j rasafdn (v.n, of >-4~^),
Walking as if in fetters.

risk, Nits (see us^fc; , of which it is
probably a misreading).

A J-j rasl (v.n.), Having the hair hang-
ing down ; loose, flowing (hair) ; going
softly and gently ; a gentle pace ; easy-
paced (camel) ; — risl, Ease, convenience ;
gentleness; — rasal, A herd of camels; a
flock of sheep ; — rusul (pi. of rasul). Mes-
sengers, ambassadors; apostles, angels ; —
rusuli rasd'il, Epistolatory correspondence.

A p1L._, rusala', (pi. of rasll), Those who
send, or are sent ; also those to whom
Bent.

a ft- >) rasm, Marking out, drawing, wri-
ting; a law, canon, rule, regulation, pre-
cept, habit, custom, mode, manner, usage
(construed with the verbs dwardan, bar-
uftddan, bar-afgandan,bar jdy ddshtan, bar-
lehdstan, bar-ddshian, burdan, pukhta kar-
dan, ddshtan, dawldan, zidudan, shikastan,
giriftan, nih&dan, &c.) ; a mark, a scar ;
obliterating the vestiges of a house (rain);
a game among children, one proposing a
question to another, the reply to which
must not contain any of the three letters
composing the word under penalty for
the forfeiter of imitating the voice of any
animal named by the questioner ; stipend,
salary ; rank, quality (m.c.) ; a waiting
servant ; — rasmu '1-khat, Orthography, pre-
scribed form of writing ; — rasmu 'l-muhr,
Pee of the Keeper of the Seal for signing
a diploma, &c. ; — rasmi qismat, The right
of a judge to decide the partition of an
inheritance.

a *U~ >j rasman, Officially (m.c).

yU-y risman (for rlsmdn), A thread.
rasmu, A bee.

a rasmi, Belonging to writing, or
designing; ritual; usual, customary ; mid-
dling, second sort ; destined for the king's
use ; official ; a pensioner ; a domestic ; one
hired by the day, month, or year ; — wdwi
rasmi, Quiescent or silent j, i.e. when writ-
ten and scarcely pronounced, as in y^-ly-
khwdttan, To be willing.

rasmlydt, Eules, usages.

Ay-j ram, (v.n.), Tying with a rope;
haltering; — rasan, A halter; a rope, string,
cord, thread ; — rasan bar-zadan, To trace
out by the (mason's) line ; — rasan tdhidan

(tdftan), To meditate one's death or de-
struction ; — rasan dar gar dan dmadcm
(met.), To be utterly weak and helpless;
— rasan sust kardan, To give an opportu-
nity ; — rasani kishti, A hawser ; — rasani
langar, A ship's cable; — kkali'u 'r-msm.
Wild, lawless, dissolute.

a jW*— j rasam-bds, Atumbler, rope-danner,
a te~-t y— ) rasan-basta, Bound with ropes.
a gi> y— , rasan-peeh, The pulley of a well-
rope.

a s->^» y— j rasan-tab, j&>~) rasangar, A
rope-maker.

v>\y-»j rasnawd-d (in Zand), A spear,
lance.

a y y— j rasan- war, Supplied with a rope.

Aj-| rasw, rasuv) (v.n.), Being firm,
immovable; standing fast.

\j~>) ruswd, t^y-j ruswdy, Dishonoured,
disgraced, infamous, ignominious; humi-
liated ; open, notorious ; accused ; one held
up to public view, as an example to deter ;
— ruswd shudan (gashtan), To become dis-
graced ; — ruswdy hardxn, To disgrace.

i^Hj-j ruswd'l, Ignominy, dishonour.

A s^j-j rasiib, Sharp, piercing (sword) ;
— rusub (v.n. of s— j), Sinking to the bot-
tom (in water) ; sinking in the socket
(eye) ; sediment; — rusubi haul (but), Sedi-
ment of urine.

a ,j5j-j rasubi, Sedimentary ; a precipi-
tate.

A iyj rusukh (v.n. of Being firm,

solid, constant ; becoming dry (pond) ;
sinking into the ground (rain) ; stability,
constancy ; — sahib rusukh. Endued with
fortitude,

y\y— J raswardn (for sarwi rawdn), A
cypress ; moving gracefully like a cypress
(epithet of a mistress).

a J)-y rasul, Sent ; an ambassador, le-
gate ; a missionary, apostle, prophet ;—
ar-rasul, Muhammad ; the angel G-abriel.

a Jjj-y rasul-ddr, An official at the
ancient Persian court, attending on am-
bassadors, &c, like the Mihmandar of the
present time.

a rasull, A mission.

a •) rusum (pi. of rasm). Vestiges,
traces; written laws, canons, customs;
ceremonial (m.c.) ; dues, taxes, fees ; dia-
grams ; — riisumi sazawdli, A free gift to a
sazawiil for his support ; — rusumi 'urfiya,
Custom, tribute exacted by a lord of a
manor.

a j\>> py~) rmum-dar, One who holds a
particular perquisite.
rasl, = q.v.
a rasly, rasi, Constant, immovable
(either in good or evil).

rasid, He arrived ; a youth ; an
acknowledgment of arrival or receiving; a
receipt.

jjSj*-) rasldagi, Arrival at maturity, pu-

or* ( 577 )

berty, or perfection : ripeness ; the attain-
ment of an end or object ; — rasldagi na-
mudan. To attend, to take care of (m.c).

O^*-) rasldan, To arrive, attain ; to be
accomplished, perfected, finished ; to ripen,
mature, mellow ; to be cooked ; to rub, cut,
or chafe ; to lie with a woman ; [rasldani
fid, Remittance of money, payment re-
ceived ; — rastdani khabari mauti shdh-zdda
ba-shdh, The arrival of the news of the
death of the priueo to the king ; — andar-
rasidan, To fancy, to imagine, to opine ; —
ba-dddam bi-ras, Give me justice (m.c) ;
— bar-rasldan, ~ rasldan ; — ba-ham rasl-
dan, To come to hand; to meet (m.c); —
ta chi rasad. Much more ; still legs (m.c.) ;
— dar rasldan, To arrive ; to fall in with ;
to obtain ;] — risidan, To spin.

tx^j raslda. Arrived ; mature, ripe ; of
age.

a u~~»j rasls, The beginning of love, of
ft fever, &e. ; anything firm or solid; in-
telligent, sensible, shrewd.

a J*-j rasll, One who sends or is sent;
a letter, news, message ; one who returns
the arrow when shooting or throwing.

a rasllat, A letter ; a treatise.

a raslm. (v.n. of Leaving marks
oil the ground.

y«— ) raeln (in Zand and Pazand), A
spear.

<j>) rash, Uneven, hilly ground ; a cubit ;
a fathom ; quicksilver ; a kind of rich
silken stuff; a sort of dark-coloured date;
a species of fig ; the semblance of water
floating over a plain; the eleventh day of
the Persian month (unpropitious for travel-
ling) ; name of the angel which presides
over that day ; — rieh (for rish),The beard ;
a wound ; — rush, An angry roll of the eye.

a rashsh (v.n,), Sprinkling with a
little water; aspersion; flowing sofily,
trickling (water, blood, or tears) ; a gentle
rain.

A oVij rasha', A fawn ; — risha, A rope ;
one of the mansions of the moon (the
28th).

A rashdd (v.n. of M> } ), Pursuing a
straight course ; the right road, the road
to salvation ; — rashddi jabali, Moon-wort ;
— habbu 'r-rashdd, Cresses, or the seed ; —
ashubi rashdd, The faithful.

a SjUj rashadat, Justice; exercise of au-
thority ; severity tempered with clemency ;
rectitude of conduct; firmness; bravery:
— nishdni jaladat u rashadat, Decoration
for distinguished military service (m.c).

A v>^_> rashtl sh, <>*<^) rashdsha, A few
rain-drops, a light shower; a trickling of
blood or tears.

a AiVi, rashlqat, A being of an elegant
sha.p\

ci-fcj rashf, Very dry, friable, crumbling
to pieces ; earth, dust ; sweepings ; lime ;

a wall ready to fall ; name of a city in
Gilan (indicating the date of its founda-
tion : j = 200, J* = .300, = 400, total,
900 a.h.) ;— risht, Nature, disposition ; spin-
ning; — rusht. Bright, lucid, gliftering; old
and ruinous, threatening to fall ; anything
beginning to perish from age ; name of a
famous nlebyurist.

o*JU*<j rashttik, A shoot, a sapling.
«^4>; rishta.h, JFilaria medinensis (see

rithtan, To spin, to twist ;
To colour, dye.

-rushtan,

<^_> rishta, Thread, line, rope ; a mea-
surement of land; a fringe, lace; a row,
file, train ; the Dracunculus or Guinea-
worm (Pilaria medinensis), a disease com-
mon to the inhabitants of Lar; relation-
ship, connection, kin ; a kind of sweetmeat;
slices of paste put amongst soup, &c, a
kind of macaroni; a drawn figure or pic-
ture ; [rishta'i almas, A steel wire;— rishta
bd (bar) angusht bastan, rishta ba-chne bas-
ian, To tie a string round the finger in
order to remember a thing rishta i bdrdn,
Rain falling in an unbroken stream ; —
rishta'i tdk, A vine-tendril ; — rishta'i tab,
A thread twisted by a virgin with the left
hand, on which spells are read, and which
is tied as a charm round the neck of one
in a fever i—rishta'i jdn du-td ddshtan, To
be in great danger; to be captive; to he
in love; — rishta'i khdk, Man and other
animals ; — rishta'i Matd'i, A kind of pasto
lozenges eaten in soup (see ; —

rishta'i dar ax dddan (fear dan), To give a
long line, ie, to afford opportunity; — rish-
ta'i durri samin rekhtan, To scatter price-
less pearls ; — rishta dar dasti khwdb ukhwdr
ddshtan, To do nothing but to sleep and
feed ; — rishta'i danddn, A row of teeth ; —
rishta'i sar dar, A thread without end ; —
rishta zadan, To measure land with a line ;
to equalize ; — rishta'i sham', A wick ; —
rishta'i sitbft, The false dawn; — rishta'i
'uwr, A thread in which annually a knot is
ma.de whereby the number of the passed
vears of a man's life is known; — rishta'i
firangt, Macaroni; vermicelli; — rishta'i qa-
td'if, A kind of sweetmeat; — rishta' izahdk,
Rain ; a long space of time ; — rishta'i mar-
yam, An infinitely thin thread said to have
been spun by the Virgin Mary ; — rishta'i
nigauda, Thread for sewing counterpanes ;
— ba-rishla kardan, dar rishta kashidan, To
string together, to bring into order; — ba-
sari rishta raftan, To return to the object
of one's speech;] — rushta, Coloured, dyed.

<_s ; ? ^ rishta ' i-drd-burl (the cutting
of flour-threads), Manufactory of maca-
roni and vermicelli (m.c).

rishta-ddr, A dependant, relation.
jj£ rishta-kash, Drawing thread ; re-
ducing to order.

( 578 )

j\ } a^a, rishta-vidr, Of the measure of one
rishta.

rashti, Sweepings of dust, dirt, or
rubbish ; meanness; humility; a sweeper;
a besom ; of the town of Easnt.

,*• ra *hh (v.n.), Sweating ; distilling,
trickling, dropping; sprinkling, moisten-
ing giving, bestowing.

A rashhai, A dropping, dripping,

distilling ; sweat.

A rushd (v.n.), Following the right
way, being guided in the proper path ; rec-
titude ; orthodoxy ; the way of salvation ;
— sinni rushd, The age of discretion.

a rashf (v.n.), Sipping, sucking ; a
drop, sip ;—rashaf, A remainder of water
in a cistern, sucked up by a horse or
camel.

A (JAj rashq (v,n.), Shooting {with an
arrow) ; — rashq, rishq, The sound made by
a pen in scribbling; — rishq, Archery; a
certain mode of shooting ; — rashaq, Kapidly
shooting (a bow).

^ miAj rashk, Envy, jealousy ; pride, haugh-
tiness, self-admiration ; jealous ; nits ;
[rashk burdan, (khwurdan) , To envy, be
jealous ; — li rashJc, A contented cuckold
(see also utU, ^ ; ]~ rishk, Nits ; erect,
upright ; a man with a large beard ; dirt,
filth, pus, matter; — rushk, A scorpion.
j<j\ uiXA) rashk-awar khwar), Jealous.
l j4 ulIaj rashk-kush, Who dies with envy.

rashkin, Jealous, envious ; proud.
«aJL£ay rashkndk, Jealous, envious ; —
rashkndh, rishkndk, Full of nits or eggs of
lice, nitty.

rashhm, Jealous; St. Anthony's

fire.

a rashm (v.n.-), Writing; sealing the
wheat in a granary with the engraved
wooden block rausham (see |**i)) ;—rasham,
The first sprouting of a pJant above the
earth ; whetting the appetite by smelling
the flavour of meat ; marks of rain on the
ground.

y*+A) rashmets, A worm that destroys
wood.

rashn, Name of the eighteenth day
of the Persian month ; name of an angel ;
a little hill ; a bite, a sting.

a y*, rashn (v.n.), Coming uninvited to
a feast ; thrusting his muzzle into a pot (a
dog).

rashn'aivdd, rashnuwdd, Name of
the commander of the armies of Humily,
daughter of Bahman.

>•) rashni, A sweeper of the streets.

a rashwat, rishwat, rushwai, A gift
for corrupting a judge, bribery, simony ; —
rishwat khwurdan (sittindan, girifiari), To
take a bribe ; — rishwat dddan, To bribe.

a ■jf- uyjAj rishwat-khpur, A taker of
bribeB.

a (^j*; rishwati, One who accepts bribes.

a vsAj*" rvshwa-khwdrl, Bribe-eat-
ing, i.e. corrupt, corruptible.

a Js*-; rashd (pi. of rashat), Certain
plants.

a rashlh, Sweat ; name of a plant.

a rashid, A director, conductor,

guide; orthodox; brave, courageous
(m.c.) ; one of the names of God.

0-***; rashidan, To pour out, spill, shed.

5XjAj rashida, Fringe of a ,turban-sash.

a ajJ-^j rashidiyat, Name of a sect.

yU-AA p\j Sii^Aj rashindaH dam hashu
nan, The filth of the two sides, i.e. urine
and excrement (where according to the
commentators rashinda has the meaning
of "dirt," dam of "two," and hashin of
" side, direction."

a <-AjA) rashif, A sipping, a sucking.

a (J**; rashlq, Of an elegant stature or
form.

''J-sAj rashina, Resin.

A u=j toss (v.n,), Cementing, gluing,
cramping, joining ; placing her eggs in
order with her beak (a hen).

A jIcj rassdd, An astronomer; a mathe-
matician ; au observatory.

A yo^j rasas, vu!g. risds, Lead; tin. (See
sJj—t and t _ s «3^) ; — rassds, A seller of tin or
lead.

A kLo> rasdnat, A being strong, firm,
fixed; solidity.

a rasab, The space between the
fore and middle fingers.

a A»j rasd, rasad (v.n.), Watching (the
road or the stars) rasad, A road-watcher;
little (corn or rain).

rasad-band, A fixer of aslrono-
nomical tables.

a A>U. jmsj rasad-khdna. An observatory.

a t\S a«j rasad-gdh, An observatory; a
king's court ; the receipt of custom, the
office where the cultivators pay their rents;
— rasad-gdhi dahr, The world ; — rasad-gdhi
khaki, The world ; the human body.

a J**) rasad-nishin, jj rasad-war,

An astronomer.

a ras' (v.n.), Striking with the hind;
adhering to anything (perfumes).

a <-toj ras/ (v.n.), Joining together sfones
in pavements, or the feet in prayer ; agree,
ing, being suitable ; — rasaf, Stones laid
upon and adhering to others.

a y-o, rasn (v.n.), Performing, finishing;
reproaching; acquiring any difficult know-
ledge.

a J^-j rasld, (A dog or beast) lying in
wait; watching, observing.

a vA~», ras?/, Solid (business) ; firm.

a y^-°, rasin, Firm, solid, fixed, fortified ;
benevolent, attentive to the necessities of
a friend ; sorrowful, grieved.

A y*) razz (v.n.), Striking, beating;
bruising, breaking in pieces ; dates stoned
and macerated in milk.

U, ( 579 ) J*-;

A "Aj) rizd\ riza, (v.n. 3 of ^j), Endeavour-
ing to please, contending who shall please
most; consent, agreement, acquiescence;
leave ; a proper name ; — rizd dddan, To
assent, to acquiesce ; —rizd'i Miudd, To
please God, for God's sake (m.c).

a ruzab, Saliva, spittle sucked with
the lifts; a particle of musk, snow, hail,
&c. ; a dew-drop ; the froth of honev.

a Li; rizd-joy, Who strives to please.

a |_s>»> rizd-jo'i, An effort to please.

a yAUj ruzdz, A -fragment broken off.

A gU, razW, riza', fcUj razd'at (v.n. of
Sucking (the mother).

a i^^*) raz&'i, Sucking ; foster- (in
comp., as barddari rizd'i, A foster-bro-
ther).

a rizdmand, Consenting, permit-

ting.

a ^xi-Uj rizamandi, Consent, permis-
sion ; favour ; satisfaction, pleasure, en-
joyment (m.c).

a ijUj rizdyat, Satisfaction, approbation ;
coDsent, free-will (m.c).

i Ju > rard'T, A cover for the head in
winter.

a v*; razb (v.n.), Sucking (saliva)
wantonly.

A {-») razft (v.n.), Breaking (pebbles or
date-stones) ; — ruzh, Broken date-stones ;
bits of pounded substances.

a*^j razkh (v.n.), Bruising, crushing
small stones ; throwing stones at ; giving
a small present.

A razrdz, Gravel, pebbles ; also a

road paved with them; fleshy, corpulent
(man) ; the buttocks of a horse shaking
with fat ; small rain.

a razf (v.n.), Burning, branding,
roasting, or boiling with a hot stone ; a
hot stone thrown into milk, in order to
warm it.

AaVj rizwdn, ruzwdn (v.n. of (j*j),
Accepting, acquiescing ; being pleased,
gratified ; — rizwdn, A blessing, benediction ;
paradise ; name of the porter or gardener
of paradise.

a «aS (j)\jA, rizw&n-kada. The heaven of
amber.

a u^Vj ritwdnl, Belonging to Para-
dise.

a Jjjij razwa, Name of a mountain near
Madinab.

a razl, Content, pleased.

a ra*i«, Broken (into coarse lumps).

a razi', An infant, a suckling.

a ie-ij razlya, Laudable ; a praiseworthy
action,

As-J=i ratb (v.n.), Feeding (a horse) on
fresh clover ; fresh, tender, moist ; [rajffeu
'l-lisdn, Moist of tongue, i.e. eloquent, me-
lodious;]— ruffe, ruf.ub, Green herbage or
trees ; — rufab, A ripe date ; — rufab ehidan,
To pluck ripe dates ; — ruiabi no»h dddan,

To present the cup with delight and plea-
sure, to give a gay drinking-bout.

a Jly rafl, Soft, gentle ; relaxed in the
ioints ; a slender youth near the age of
puberty ; one whose bones are not strong ;
— rati, ritl, Half a maund (see ty) ;—ritl,
A cup of wine ; — rifli giran, A large cup-
ful of wine, a bumper.

03 ratl-zan, A weigher of provisions.

yUJ Jt, ritl-kashdn, Presenting the bowl
with delight and pleasure.

a ratm (v.n.), Throwing (into any
business), inextricably; throwing into the
mud.

a vytj rutub (v.n. of s-tj), Giving (a
horse) fresh clover to eat ; damp, wet,
moist (m.c).

a i>jt_) rutubat (v.n. of s-^j), Being
moist, soft, fresh, tender; moisture, juici-
ness ; — rutubati lauzi 'l-ma'da, Pancreatic
juice ; — rutubati mishima'i janiniya, Liquor
amnii ; — rutubati ma'da, Gastric juice ; —
rutubati mafgali, Synovia.

ajiAiti u^jloj rujiubat-nd-pazir, Water-
proof; impermeable.

a fjk; raj.um, Mad, foolish, crazy ; a wo-
man with a large vulva.

W°j farina, A medicament for the eyes.

a *■»'<*' or ru'a' (pi. of rd'i), Shep-
herds ; guardians.

a SWj ru'dt (pi. of rd'i), Shepherds ;
keepers.

A 4>'usj ri'ds (pi. of ra'sat), Ear-rings.

A g^j ra'd', Upstart ; worthless fellows.

a *J\cj ru'af (v.n. of Emitting
blood from the nose ; hemorrhage.

a ^Vc, ra'dya (pi. of ra'iyat), Herds ;
subjects, especially non-Muhammadans of
a Muhaoinaadan ruler ; peasants, ryots,
cultivators (also used as a singular).

a &Mj ri'dyat (v.n. of ^j), Euling,
governing ; observance ; respect, honour;
kind treatment ; favour ; patronage. —
ri'dyat farmudan, To observe ; — ri'ayai
hardan, To honour, revere, cultivate, pay
attention to, take care of, guard, regulate ;
to observe, fulfil ; to give a present to an
inferior.

a ri'dyatan, In honour of, from

regard to.

a ri'dyati, A favoured person.

a ra'b (v.n.), Terrifying, scaring; —
ru'b, ru'ub, Pear, terror, trepidation;
frightening.

a ra'bdn, Name of a city on the
Euphrates.

a wUs, ra's, ra'as, A woollen tassel sus-
pended from a camel litter.

a gfij ra'j (v.n.), Troubling, rendering
restless, disturbing ; flashing in quick sue*
cession.

a ra'd (v.n.), Thundering; thunder,
or its presiding angel ; striking with ter-
ror, fulminating ; adorning oneself (a

^ ( 580 ) <-Afc>

woman) ; being adorned ; a fire-arm, gun,
cannon (rn.c.) ; name of a man, lover of a
woman, called Rabiib (see vVj).

a A£j ra'd-anddz, Ordnance; a can-
noneer.

a ra'dat, ri'dat, A tremor, tremble,
stiffness.

« ra'd-wdr, Thunder-like.

a gysj ra'rd', Pusillanimous ; a long reed
or pen ; a tall, well-made, handsome youth.

A u~tj ra's (v.n.), Trembling, shaking ;
scattering; walking slowly (from fatigue
or weakness).

a y^-cj ra'asdn, Shaking of the head
with age.

A <_r-£) ra'sh, ra'ash (v.n.), Trembling ; —
ra'ish, Tremulous, in a tremble.

A i^cj ra'shat, ra'ska, ri'sha, A shaking,
tremor ; palsy (construed with the verbs
uftddan, afgandan, anddkhtan, bar-chidan,
kaehldan, and giriftan).

a j\a ra'sha-ddr, Tremulous; para-

lytic.

a ae)U&ATL_, ra'shandk, Tremulous; aspen-
like.

a ijac.j ra's (v.n.), Shaking, disturbing,
dragging, setting in motion.

A <-4b, ra'f (v.n.), Bleeding at the nose;
outstripping, winning a race ; entering a
door.

a Jjej ra'l (v.n.), Piercing through and
through with a spear, or cutting with a
sword ; a promontory or projecting part of
a mountain ; garments (of a man) ; name
of a place ; part of a camel's or sheep's ear
slit and hanging down ; — ri'l, The male
palm-tree ; name of a tribe ; — ru'l, pi.
of —

a »SlCj ra'ld' , A camel or sheep part of
whose slit ear hangs down.

A y^j ra'n (v.n.), Causing to languish
with heat (the sun), giving the headache,
rendering insensible ; a sun-stroke ; —
ra'an (v.n.), Relaxation, languor.

A ra'na 1 , Beautiful, delicate, tender,
lovely, amiable, admirable ; moving grace-
fully, graceful ; wanton ; a foolish admirer
of himself ; free from care ; the city of
Basrah ; a kind of grape ; — ra'nu?i sahib
barbat (barbut), The planet Venus; — gk un-
cha'i ra'na, A tender bud ; — guli ra'na, A
beautiful rose.

a ra'nd'i, Graceful gait ; beauty,

loveliness, grace.

L^y* ra'na i-firosh, Trading in

beauty, lovely, handsome ; — ra'nd'i firoshdni
chaman, The most lovely and fragraut
flowers of the garden.

a j£j ra'w, ri'w, ru'iv, Care, attention ; the
avoidance of what is bud or foolish.

a isjc, ra'wat, ri'wat (v.n. of l _ s c ;), Ab-
staining from evil.

a ^ys; ru'ud (pi. of ra'd). Thunders.

A iiysj ru'unat (v.n. of ^j), Being re-

laxed and lauguid ; languor, laxity ; stu-
pidity, foolishness ; adorning oneself, deco-
ration; pride, haughtiness.

a <jC) ra'y (v.n.), Pasturing, feeding (as
cattle); tending flocks; guarding; [ra'yu
'l-hammdm, Valerian] — ri'y, Pasture,
forage.

a ra'iyat, A herd of grazing camels ;
people, subjects; a subject (esp. nou-
Muliammadan of a Muhauimadan ruler),
peasant, plebeian, generally a husbandman
and manufacturer ; an under-tenant, tenant
of the soil, renter, ryot ; anything that
requires to be taken care of ; — Mmi'i ra'i-
yat, Protector of the subjects.

a jy> u-sCj ra'lyat-parwar, A nourisher
of his people.

a j\j »cj ra'iyat-dar, A governor, a
ruler.

a w^jCj ra'iyat- dart, Government,

ru'e ; — ra'iyat-ddri kardan, To administer
government.

a ct-.ACj ra'iyat-nawd.%, A cherisher of
his subjects.

a ra'iyatwdri, By individuals,

individually ; the ryotwary system.

a ( _5^c ) ra'iyati, Subjection; tenancy;
land farmed out, tenanted, and cultivated
on the spot.

£j ruah. Belching, eructation.

a »Vfcj ruakd' (v.n. of yk,), Crying (as an
infant) ; roaring, braying (as a camel,
ostrich, hyena, &e.)

a v ragjidb, Soft ground.

a Jlfc, ragkul, A handmaid; a troop, a
company ;—abu rigkal, Name of a man who
served as a guide to Abrahah (see **>ji\
p. 7).

A j^i) ■ragham, Soil.

ra (jh dv>a r The navel of the ox ; the
pupil of the eye (unsupported by exam-
ples).

a s-^j raijhiVib (pi. of ragkibat), Things
longed for; groat wealth; large presents;
supererogatory acts of devotion.

a v-*) raghb, rughb, raghab (v.n.), Want-
ing, wishing, desiring, longing for.

a raghbat (v.n. of w-^j), Wishing,
desiring, longing lor, hankering after ; de-
sire, wish ; preference ; affection ; favour,
pleasure ; sympathy, esteem.

k±-i) raghs. Pomegranate-flowers.

a At, rughd, raghad (v.n.), Being easy
and comfortable (life) ; ease, comfort of
life ; affluence.

*j£j.rarik?a, A kind of woollen cloth worn
in Badakhshan and part of Kashmir.

a ranks (v.n.), Endowing plentifully
with the goo I things of this life, enriching
(God); affluence, increase ; riches, wealth ;
a benefit, boon, blessing.

a i_Ai=_) raijhf (v.n.), Forming into balls
(paste or clay); giving (a camel) seeds
and flour made up into flat cakes,

( 581 )

A ragjd (v.n.), Sucking (as a kid the
dam) ; — rugbj, The plant orage.

a ragjim (v.n.), Displeasing; doing
a thing contrary to the will of another ;
spite, antipathy, ill-will ; disgust ; abhor-
rence, contempt ; — ragkm-an, In spite of,
against another's will, in scorn ; — 'aid
raghmi-hi, Against his will.

a y^; raghn (v.d.), Listening favour-
ably to anything; eating and drinking
freely ; wishing eagerly, craving for ; in-
clining, leaning to.

■^j ragkand, Noise of beasts of prey.

t>fr**) raghnin, Breeches, leggings (see
(*>*;).

ragkang, A side-glance ; a squint.
0^_> ragAwdn, Name of a mountain in
Maghrib.

a Sjij ragkwat, A rock, a huge stone.
a raghus, Giving suck, milch.

raghwa, A sparrow with a red head.
A raghfb, Desired, esteemed ; greedy,
covetous.

a ^nA) ragilbat, A thing desired ; much
wealth, a large present.

ST U-ij ragMdd, Tares, darnel,

A i-M; rag&rf, A thin round flat cake,
paste, or wafer ; a cracknel.

a cs 4 ^ raahifi. Belonging to a cake.

ragMn, Overalls, spatterdashes ;

fair.

«-»> raf, A seat, bench, or settle at a
house-door; a moulding, tablet, or base-
ment about four inches in height from the
floor, serving as an ornament to a room, or
as a shelf.

a iJj raff (v.n.), Eating much ; kissing
(a woman) with the edges of the lips ;
sucking, sipping ; favouring, serving, doing
good to; shining, flashing; expanding the
wings ; a flock, a herd ; (in P. raf) a broad
shelf on the upper part of the wall whereon
valuables are laid (see preceding article).

a rifd' (v.n. of "U^), Giving rest ; con-
ciliating ; peace, concord, tranquillity ; —
hi 'r-rifd wa 'l-bamn, With concord and
children (a form of congratulating a newly-
married couple) ; — ^ij raffft', A mender,
darner, fine-drawer.

a uytij rufdt. Anything brokeu or
pounded.

a SoUj rifddat, A bandage for dressing a
wound; a stuffed saddle or cushion ; goods
brought by the Quraish for the benefit of
the pilgrims to the Ka'bah.

A <J>^j rafdrif (pi. of r.afraf), Shelves,
&c.

A g^j rafa', Abundance of corn in a field ;
— rafd'. rifd', The carrying of the cut-
down corn to the thrashing-floor, the
bringing in of the harvest.

A AcUj rafd'at (v.n. of jij), Raising the
voice ; the quilting of the petticoats to give
a prominence to the hips, a bustle ; — ra-

fa'at, rufd'at, Elevation or loudness of
voice ;—rifd'at, A name of twenty-three
companions of Muhammad.

A £U; rifdgk (pi. of rafgh), Level, soft
lands.

A rafdgkat, Affluence, enjoyment of
life.

A o^j rifdq, A rope for tying a camel's
leg above the knee ; (pi. of rafqat) travel-
lin g companions.

A rafdqat (v.n. of Being com-

panions, fellow-travellers.

^fUj rafdgar, A fine-drawer.

y^i; raf an, Saffron (perhaps misreading
for A. o^i) q.v.) ; — rafdn, raffdn, An inter-
cessor.

A iVij rifd-h, rafdhat, rafdhtyat,
Repose, quiet, tranquillity, content ; afflu-
ence, enjoyment of life.

u^ij raft, He went ; it passed, i.e. the
thing is done, let us not say any more about
it (m.c.) ; walk, travel, journey; \_rafti
sultan, The journey of the emperor;] —
ruft, He swept.

jUij raftdr, Gait, pace, (elegant) air in
walking ; walking, going, moving off ; (for
giriftdr) a prisoner; — raftdr hardan, To
walk, to move on ; — raftdvi nd-hamwdv, An
inelegant walker, or way of walking; a
shameful manner of proceeding.

•v.^ ui-ij raft-dmad, Coming and going,
frequentation.

<^j^ u^i) raft-dimri, = the preceding.

>^AiS ci-i) raft-guzaskt, Past.

<jS-»J) raftagi, Departure ; loss; — raftagl'i
kkiin, Loss of blood ; — raftagl'i shinawd'i,
Loss of hearing.

(^xij rattan, To walk, go, proceed, de-
part, pass along, travel; to elapse, glide
by; to arise, to go to do a thing; to lose
one's senses; to die; to be extinguished;
[raftan ha, To carry off, to bring ; to marry
(said of a woman, m.c.) ; — raftani hind
ba-hind (met.) The henna gets black ; —
raftani shikam, Diarrhoea ; — az ab raftan,
To dry up; — bdz (bdz pas) raftan, To re-
trace one's steps ; — ba-ham dar-raftan, To
be joined or knit together (as a net) ; —
bai'at raftan, To become one's disciple; —
day jalau raftan, To walk along on foot
with a horseman ;] — ruftan, To sweep ; to
clean the teeth with a toothpick.

tfZij ruftan'rob, A broom, besom.

-_4 slSjJilj raftan-gdhi ab, An aqueduct.

0 ~s»j raftani, What is to come to pass ;
one who is about to pass away, doomed to
perish.

ruft 11 dmad, - ~ <M t*-i; q.v.

ui^i. jS j raft-u-guzasht, Past.

<*■«•»; rafta, Gone, passed ; defunct ; mad ;
in love ; a sling (to bind up a wounded
arm, m.c.) ; [rafta-rafta, Step by step, by
degrees, gradually, in process of time;] —
rufta, Swept ; sweepings.

( 582

to J < * J J ru/t-u-ro, } ruft-u-rob,
W rufta-rob, A besom ; a sweeping.

f^sij raftiya, Export duties (opp. to ama-
diya, Import duties).

a e-Jj rafs (v.n.), Being obscene ; ribal-
dry ; coition.

A Aij rafd (v.n.), Makiug or tying on a
rifddat (see S«iUj) ; giving, presenting ;
helping, assisting ! — rifd, A present, gift,
favour; holp, assistance; — rifd, rafd, A
large cup.

a ra f r of> An ostrich ; the bird i&d-
t.ifu zilli-hi, q.v. under t-Atw. p. 440.

a iJji; rafraf, Fluttering (wings) ; the
rapid motion of the waves ; a broad shelf
whereon are laid the costliest articles in a
house ; green cloth, o£ which carpets, <fcc.
are made ; a pillow, cushion, floor-cloth ;
any superabundant part hanging down or
folded up; the lower flaps of a tent; the
sides of a coat of mail with the skirts de-
pending from them ; anything fixed to the
helmet and falling down over the back; a
sea-fish ; a kind of tree growing in Yaman ;
the abode of Israfil.

a (j-i; rafs (T.n.), Striking or shakiog
(anything) with the feet.

Jfti; rafsh (for dirafsh), An awl.

A ytij rafsh (v.n.), Living luxuriously,
eating and drinking riotously ; pounding,
bruising ; — rafsh, rufsh, A shovel, a spade.

a (jAij rafz, rafaz (v.n.), Leaving, aban-
doning, abdicating ; leaving (camels) to
graze at liberty ; a small quantity of water.

a t> y**) rafzi, A heretic.

A 8*» ra f ( 7n -)> Lifting, raising, ele-
vating; decision; abolition; abrogation;
deposition ; dismissal ; carrying a matter
before the judge, appealing; bringing in
the harvest ; going expeditiously; putting
a noun in the nominative case ; the vowel
zamma as sign of the nominative; — rafi
skarr, Settling a quarrel, deciding a diffe-
rence, getting rid of a dispute ; — raf'i liwa
kardan, To erect the standard ; — rafi niqab
kardan, To uncover, to withdraw the veil ;
— daf' u rap kardan, To take away, remove.

a rifat (v.n. of £*>), Being elevated,
raised, exalted, noble, or high-priced ; high
position or dignity,

a £*J g*j raf -daf". Deciding, settling,
finishing.

a A»j rafyh, Affluence ; ease and comfort
of life, plenty, wealth.

a (3*j rafq (v.n.), Tying together (a
camel's) fore-legs immediately beneath the
shoulder to prevent him from running
away; striking the elbow; being useful,
profitable ; promoting anothers advantage ;
— r \fl ( T - n 0> Being benevolent, kind, or
easy ; benignity, benevolence, courtesy,
favour; — rafaq (v.n.), Having the elbow
distorted ; a j utting out of the elbow ;
water and pasture easily accessible ; a dis-

) J>

ease of the orifice of tbe teat through un-
skilful milking.

a rufaqd' (pi. of rafiq), Companions
in travel, fellow-travellers ; — bd-rufaqd-
man, With our comrades (m.c.;.

a *4*) rafqat, rifqat, rufqat, A company of
fellow-travellers ; association, companion-
ship.

a Jij rafi (v.n.), Being ignorant, unskil-
ful, unlearned, negligent (in dress) ; drag-
ging the garments along in walking,
swinging the arms and walking fasti-
diously but ungracefully ; — rifl, The skirt
of a garment ; — rafil, Walking fastidiously
but ungracefully; a fool, a stupid.

a jij rafw, in P. rafu, rafo (v.n.), Mend-
ing (a garment) ; Bewing close, counter-
point, darning, fine-drawing (construed
with the verbs bar-Jshdsian, ddshtan, zadan,
and kardan).

r <*ftisha, Sin, transgression ; plea-
santry, jocularity, humour ; discovery,
tracing, tracking ; physionomics ; palmistry.

a rufuz (v.n. of o**j), Pasturing
alone (a scattered herd of camels) ; a tract
of land abandoned and claimed by nobody;
widely -scattered forage.

a qjtfj*; rafo-hari, Darning, fine-drawing,
tailoring.

a jfjij rafogar, A fine-drawer, darner; a
sewer of counterpoint ; a tailor ; a patch for
mending.

a (jySji; rafogari, = <1- T -

rafun, Saffron j cyprus or henna.

A Alj rafh, rifh, rufuh (v.n. of
Being filled with food and water (cattle) ;
living quietly and comfortably ; — rifh,
Ease, comfort.

&ij rafa, The Pleiades.

sjilj rajida, Old clouts sewed together,
whereon bread is laid to be baked in the
oven.

a rafi', fern. rafVat, rafi'a,

High, sublime ; elevated ; noble, eminent,
exalted ; loud-voiced ; of fine quality
(stuffs) ; — bunydni rajl'u 'l-arkdn, A build-
ing with lofty pillars; — tauqi'i rafi'ihumd-
yua, The imperial sign-manual ; — makdni
rafi', A high place.

a jIja. rafV-miqddr, Of exalted

power.

a <-"M) rafif (v.n. of ^Jj), Shining
(colour) ; glittering ; thin, fine (garment),

A rafiq, A friend, companion, col-
league, accomplice, associate, assistant,
partner, ally ; a laic member of the Ismai-
lito sect ; — rafiqi jihad (safar), A fellow-
soldier, a brother-in-arms ; — raf iqi gfolr,
An intimate friend ; a confidant ; an accom-
plice.

a (jifrij rafiqi, Society, companionship.
a rafih, One who lives agreeably,
jj riq, Tortoise-shell.
a Jj raqq, Parchment, vellum ; a book,

( 583 )

volume (that especially in which the re-
cording angels are supposed to register
the actions of men); a large tortoise;
[raqqi sipihr, The expanse of heaven ; —
raqqi 'ijl, Vellum ;] — riqq, Servitude ; thin ;
a certain thorny plant ; parchment ; — ruqq,
raqq, Shallow water.

a s-^j riqdb (v.n. 3 of s-i;), Guarding;
(pi. of raqabat), Necks; purchased slaves.

*■ *>^»> raqabat (v.n. of *r-»;), Waiting, ex-
pecting'; watching, guarding; — riqubat,
Rivalry, competition.

a jUj riqad, Sleep (especially a long
slumber in the night).

jtyf) raqdraq, Noise of quadrupeds' legs.

a (joVi; raqqds, A dancer, jumper, tumbler ;
a 6wift messenger, letter-carrier; the pen-
dulum of a clock, the spring of a watch
(m.c). _

a^^j raqqd&i, Dancing; — raqqdsi Jcardan,
To dance (m.c).

a riqa', Bits of cloth, patches ; short
letters, notes.

a |_5*U»; riqa'i, A kind of handwriting.

A jU, raqaq. Warm, hot (day) ; soft
level ground; — rigdg (pi. of raqlq), Slaves:
(pi. of raqqat) tracts of land liable to be
flooded ; — ruqaq (pi. of ruqdqat), Thin
cakes.

a iiVJ. raqdqat, Thinness; — ruqdqat, A
thin cake.

<j~&>) ruqaqis, Satyrion (see ut-is- ,

p. 365, where read juft-dfrid for the mis-
print jufat-dfnd).

A yV>) riqdn, Saffron ; Cyprus or henna.

<"li> riqdna, A page of a sheet of paper.

A (jftij raqd'iq (pi. of raqiqat), Subtilties.

a ,»flJj raqd'im (pi. of raqim), Books ;
epistles, writings ; sorts.

a »\*Sj ruqabd' (pi- of raqib). Watchers.

A &fi) raqbat, riqhat (v.n. of s-*;), Ex-
pecting, watching ; — ruqbat, A pit for
catching leopards ; — raqabat, The neck or
the lower part of it where a yoke is placed;
a slave purchased with money ; — fl raqa-
bati, Upon my neck (be it), a formula of
c&,th,.

a Mj raqba, Enclosure, esplanade, en-
virons.

a Si, raqqat (v.n. of jj), A tract of land
by the side of a river and fertilized by in-
undations ; — riqqat v.n. of Jj), Being thin ;
thinness ; tenuity, delicacy ; tenderness,
sympathy, compassion ; feeling small, being
ashamed, bashfulness ; modesty; — riqqatu
'd'dam. Scurvy ; — riqqatu 'l-'aish, Eas<? of
life; — riqqati qalb, kindness of heart; —
riqqat namftdan, To feel compassion.

aji&) ut^ij riqqat-angez, "What excites
compassion or pity.

a J^j raqd (v.n.), Sleeping; sleep, dream.

a yi-i) raqsh (v.n.), Painting figures of
two or more colours.

a oUsJ) raqehd', (A female serpent) marked
with black and white spots ; a substance
resembling lights protruding from a camel's
mouth at rutting time.

a u^*) raqs (v.n.), Shining, glittering (as
vapour); fermenting; dancing; a dance,
a ball ; — raqsi bismil, the contorsions of an
animal being slaughtered ; — raqs ba-yddi
mastun dddan, To call to another's mind
something forgotten. ; — raqsi pahlu, A rol-
ling from side to side ; rest, repose ; — raqsi
char-para, A kind of dance; — raqsi dirakh-
tdn, Tbe motion of the branches and leaves
of a tree agitated by the wind ; — raqsi ra~
wdnl, A kind of dance; — raqsi rubah, A
wilful negligence ; — raqsi fdnvs, The burn-
ing of a beacon-light; — raqsi farangchl
(farangichi) , raqsi kachfcl, Kinds of dancing ;
— raqs kardan, To dance ; to caper ; — raqsi
■malld, Lascivious motions dar raqs sha-
wad majdsili khdk, (inefc.) Tbe earth is
quaking.

a y^iUjj raqsdndan, To make dance.

a (jaij raqs kundn, Dancing, capering,
skipping.

a y* 1 ***) raqsidan, To dauce.

a \**) raq'a, A medicinal wood found near
the Caspian Sea.

a ruq'dt (pi. of ruq'at), Noles; a

collection of epistles, a letter-book.

a ruq'at, ruq'a, A sheet of paper for
writing; a short letter or note ; a letter
written to a sovereign by anyone not a
wa&ir (letters from them being named tal-
kM*) ; a kind of small writing ; a bit of
cloth for mending a garment, a patch ; a
chess-board; — ruq'a bar ruq'a, Patch upon
patch ; — ruq'a'i baland-ndgun, The sky ; —
ruq'a'i pusht-nilgun (adkan), Tbe earth ; —
ruq'a dokhtan (zadan), To patch ; — ruq'a'i
shatranj, A chess-board ruq'a'i ghabrd,
The earth ; — ruq'a'i hazhdum, Written spells
against the bite of scorpions and other
obnoxious vermin, fixed to the walls of
houses on a certain day ; — ruq'a'i mihmdni,
A note of invitation to a feast.

a <i»j>j raq'a, Any herb useful for setting a
fractured limb ; name of a certain medicinal
wood.

a_)\)<**»j ruq'awdr, Letter-paper, painted.

Aijj; raqaq, Slenderness ; scarcity; de-i
bility ; soft, plain ground (without sand) 1
under which there is a harder stratum ; soft
soil overflowed.

a J*; raql, Tall palm-trees.

A raqin, raqam, Notation ; writing,
written character, cypher; description;
arithmetic; a writing; a sign, a figure;
embroidery ; a striped stuff ; manner, mode,
kind, method ; class, sort ; a royal edict, ;
a letter written by a prince of the blood
royal; written, marked; act of a play; —
raqam kardan, To write, fold up, seal, and
despatch a letter ; to assort ; — raqami

{ 584 )

auwal, The throne of God ; — raqam sadan,
To write ; — raqam kaftan, To devote oneself
to diligent study (the word is moreover
construe 1 with the verbs pazlrv.ftan, chaM-
dan, thwurdan, randan, rekhtan, zududan,
ehxidan, shikastan, fishdndan, kashtdan,
nawishtan, &e.) \—raqami hi'idl, The Indian
notation of numbers \—ahli raqam, Skilled
in arithmetic; — Hlrni raqam, The science of
arithmetic ; — qalami sa'ddat-raqam, Writing
well, a felicitous pen.

a ^ raqarn-pazlr , Committed to

writing.

a sjj*j, raqam-ztxda, Written, put on
paper.

a i*^) raqam-kun , A scribe ; an arithme-
tician.

a ,_5*>; raqaml, The atone jasper.
a raqam-kash, Impressing cha-

racters, drawing lines ; erasing, obliterating.

A »y>j raqii , raqii, Anything applied to
staunch a bleeding, a styptic.

A i— >ySj raqub, A woman or man having no
children, or losing those they had ; a wife
looking for the death of her husband on
acconnt of the inheritance ; a camel which
cannot get near the well for the crowd ; —
ritqub (v.n. of s~*j), Waiting, expecting;
expectation, expectancy.

a Jjij raqud, Sleep ; sleepers.
a fijJ) ruqum (pi. of raqm), Characters,
inscriptions.

tjjJ) raqun. ruqun, Saffron ; privet.
Ai) raqqa, Name of a city on the banks of
the Euphrates (now in rums).

a raqlb, A guardian, preserver ; one
of the names of God ; a rival, competitor.

a raqibdn (P. pi. of raq'ib), Keepers,

guardians, preservers ; leaders of a contem-
plative life ;—raqibani dast (haft bam), The
seven planets ; — raqlbdni rax, Keepers of
secrets ; leaders of a religious and con-
templative life.

a <i~j) raq'iha, fern, of l -r»e*) q.v.
a ruqyat (v.n. of Enchanting,
bewitching; arming with a talismaniu
amulet or written charm against sorcery,
incantation, spell ; — ruqaiyat, ruqaiya,
Name of a daughter of Muhammad ; — riq-
qlt/at, Servitude, slavery.
a oV 5 - ruqyat-khpdn, A sorcerer.
a raqV, Foolish, defective in under-
standing ; the lower heavens, the expanse
of Bky, firmament.

A ij*»> raq'iq, Thin (paper) ; tender, deli-
cate ; a slave ; — raqlq kardan, To dilute.

a diuij raqlqa (fern, of raqiq), A female
slave.

A raqinn, A writing, a hook ; espe-
cially that which records the history of
the Seven Sleepers; their dog; also their
village, or the mountain and cave in which
they slept.

raqivia, A letter, epistle, note ;-

raqima'i auwal, The throne of God ; the
letter \ alif.

rak, A grumbling through discontent
or anger; a row, a line; (in Zand and
Piizaudj thou.

a c>Jj rakk (v.n.), Being weak or extenu-
ated ; chaining by the neck; accusing,
laying a sin upon anyone; throwing otic
thing upon another ; lying with a woman ;
— rakk, rikk, Small vain.

a <^S } rikab, A stirrup; a procession,
cavalcade; a riding- horse, nag; the foot;
a cnp, a goblet tall and eight-sided; wine;
[nkdbu 'l-uzn, The stapes (of the ear) ;—
rikab afshdndan, To prepare for riding;—
rikab bd rikab zadan, To ride in a cavalcade ;
— rihib jutpMd&n, To prepare for riding ; —
rikab dddan, To present the cup ; — rikab
zadan, To make stirrups ; — rikab sd'idan,
To prepare for riding; — rxkdb girdn shudan
(gashtait), To attack on horse-back ; — rikab
girdn kardan, To prepare for riding ; to
urge on the horse for a furious attack; to
pull him up in order to strike at an adver-
sary ; — rikab giriftan (kasMdan), To hold to
the stirrup-leather ; — ba-rikdbi til khdk-ast,
He (the horse) is (firm or obedient like) the
earth, with (your standing up in) your
stirrups, opposed to ba-'indn-at hawdst, He
is (fleet or impetuous as) the wind, with
your (giving him the) reins ;~rikdbi humd-
yun (gardun-jandb), The imperial stirrup;
the imperial throne ; the person of the
Emperor, Sultan, Sh.ih, &c. ; — da r rikab
anddkhian, To give a lift to a pedestrian,
being oneself on horseback; — dar rikab
budan (dauidan, raftaii), To walk or run
on foot along wiih a horseman ; — dar
rtkdbi has rawdn shudan, To fallow in
attend-ince, to accompany; — rasmi rikub,
Paying attendance at the imperial stirrup,
at court, <fcc.] — rukkdb (pi. oirdkib), Riders,
a <tiU. ^,1^ rikdb'khdna, A saddle-room;
a p, in try ; buttery.

a jl-M^; rikdb-ddr, A stirrup-holder ; an
attendant, courier, groom; one who ha,a
charge of the saddle-room ; a cup-bearer;
a pantry-man, a butler.

a J^jJ v'^; rikdb-duwdl, A stirrup-leather,
a. rikdbak, The catch- word at the

bottom of a page (see j,^).

a yljj? rikdb-garddn, Who turns the
stirrup (ready for mounting) ; — rikdb-
garddn shudan, To get on horS-'-back;
to assault.

a ^j^j rih'tbi, A small dish, plate, or
saucer; a cup, a goblet; a cup-bearer; a
led horse for parade ; a sword carried on a
horse's side ; one who holds the stirrup,
that his master may mount ; a kind of
rupee current in Lucknovv ; a kind of
Damascus oil carried on camels.

^_,4,Jt* < _ 5 >VS J rikdbi-mazhab, Parasitical.
-OS, rukasa, m»\Sj rukdsha, A porcupine.

( 585 )

a &£\£j rakakat (v.n. of uSj), Being thin,
weak ; being spiritless, and therefore not
respected or feared by one's household;
weakness, languor.

a f\i } rakam, rukdm, Clouds or sands
heaped up ; a, throng ; — qati' rukdm, A
Urge herd.

rakan, Muttering from anger.

a rakdnat (v.n. of i^ij), Being firm,
constant, steady, grave ; name of a wrestler
said to have fought the Prophet, and
turned Muslim after being thrown to the
ground by him.

a v-^ rakb (v.n.), Striking on the knee ;
a number of people (above nine) riding
together on camels or horses, a cavalcade ;
— rakab, The pubes and hair growing on
it ; — rwkab (pi. of rulcbaf), Knees ; — rukub
(pi. of rikdb), Stirrups.

a rukbdn (pi. of rakib), Eiders on
camels; riders.

a IfSj rakbai, (A she-camel) well adapted
for the saddle, quiet and gentle ; — rukbat,
The knee,

a rukh, The base, side, angle, or pro-
jection of a mountain ; the middle area of
a house.

«>»S) rakda, A small leathern bottle ; a
wash-hand bason ; a cup in the form of a
ship, with which the poor draw water (per-
haps misreading for A .

aj£> volte (v.n.), Sticking (a spear, &c)
into the ground ; — rikz, A low sound ; an
intelligent or learned man.

a rahs (v.n.), Inverting, placing the
first last, turning topsy-turvy ; — riks, Filth,
impurity ; many men.

A gAi, talc? (v.n.) Moving the feet, strik-
ing them against the ground, kicking (as a
camel) ; making a horse go faster by spur-
ring or hitting him with the heels ; flut-
tering the wings (a bird).

a rak'at, A sacred inclination of the
head, so that the palms of the hands rest
upon the knees (in prayer).

a raid (v.n.), Striking a horse with
the heel to make him gallop.

a jv^j ralm (v.n.), Heaping, piling up,
accumulating; — rakam, Clouds heaped to-
gether.

a yij rukn, The firmer side of anything,
the side on which it is supported ; a pillar,
prop, support ; the foot of a verse ; a foun-
dation, a corner-stone ; the black stone at
Mecca ; — ruhnu 'd-daulat, rukni saltanat, A
nobleman ; — rulmu 'd-din, A pillar of the
faith ; — rukni mu'dmaldt, The basis of
negotiations.

oi)U^ ruknCibad, A small stream of the
finest water near the city of Shiritz, fre-
quently mentioned in the poems of Hnfiz.

^yJy ruhil, Gold refined ; Eukniibiid.

/; ruM, raku, A piece of old cloth, rag.

A vj^j rahab, Anyone mouuted ; one who
rides much; a camel for riding; — ruhub
(v.n. of w-^), Mounting, sitting on horse-
back, riding.

a rakubat, A horse or camel for
riding {hamUlat implying a beast of bur-
den).

a if) rakwat, A water-vessel, a small
bottle ; a large basin or cistern ; — rakwat,
rikwat, rukwat, A small bark or skiff.

rakutd, (in Zand and Pazand)

Wise.

a rukuh (v.n. of £*>), Leaning, in-
clining; resting, reposing.

a rakUd, A full dish ; a camel always ■
abounding in milk ; — rukud (v.n. of
Besting, reposing ; being steady and in
equilibrium.

a ruku 1 (v.n. of gfj), Bowing the
head in humility and reverence ; also from
age, or in prayer, so that the palms of the
hands touch the knees.

rakug, Patches for mending gar-
ments ; a tent which has no patches about
it ; — rakugi hayz, A menstruous cloth.

jtyi rdkugar, A patoher, botcher.

ftfy rrikum, (in Zand and Pazand) Ye,
yon.

a ty^j rukun (v.n. of y^j), Reclining,
leaning ; being quiet.

a rukunat, rukilna, Being firm, con-
stant, grave, steady.

a ^ rakly (pi. of raklyat), Wells.
a s->*^ raklb, Riding, or who rides, with
another ; a fellow-rider ; ridden ; placed
upon.

a tjM^j Tikebl, A plate, a dish.
A a-ij n

raklyat (pi. rakly and rakaya), A
well, especially a clean one.

yjuij rakidan, To mutter in anger.
a <A^ raklk, Thin, slender, minute ;
subtile ; shallow ; flimsy ; — rakiku 'l-'ilm,
A poor scholar.

a y-^j rakln, Grave, steady, quiet, tran-
quil (man) ; — rukmi rakln, A firm pillar, a
strong column,

»iSJ rag, A vein ; lineage, race, stock ;
muttering from rage ; a slight dash (of
water into wine) ; — ragi abr, A streak of
cloud ; — rag baz giriftan, To be slow,
remiss; — ragi bismil Ichdridan, To commit
an act which costs one's life ; — ragi talkkl,
The tartness of wine, &c. ; — ragi tan khds-
tan, To swell with rage ; — ragi jdn, An
artery ; the jugular vein ; — ragi jdn burl-
dan, To kill ; — ragi chins giriftan, To con-
ouer, to subdue ; — rag khwdbdnldan, To be
slow, remiss ; — ragi khmabi kase ba-dast
uftddan (amadan, dwardan, bftdan), To
conquer, to subdue, re3p. to be conquered
or subdued ; — rag randan, To wound ; — rag
zadan. To bleed, to breathe a vein ; — ragi
zlri zabCm, The ranine vein ; — rag-ash
barjdst, There is still life left in him; —

( 586 )

ragifuldn chtz na-ddrad, He is not capable
of a thing ; — ragi gardan, Pride ; — ragi gar-
dan qawi (gunda) Tcardan, To persist in one's
pride or arrogance; — ragi gardan narm
Tcardan, To renounce one's pride or arro-
gance ; — rag guehaddn. To open a vein, to
bleed; — ragi haft anddm, A vein of the
body;— az rag andisha chaJ&dan, To be
subtle in one's thoughts.
rugdl, A live coal.

fcjW^ ragbdn, A tail.

ra^-band, A bandage for bleeding.

^aS} rag-ddr, Veined ; slightly daBhed
with water (wine) ; cloth in which the
threads are uneven, so that some appear
lite veins ; a wicked brat.

**Jj <&) rag-reeha, Veins and fibres;
everything, all.

j ^ rag-zada, Bled, blooded.

<:)) rag-tan, <j*Ufc rag-shinds, A
phlebotomist, bleeder.

j% rugo, rigo, df } rugok, rigoy, */j
rigoh, A sheet ; fine linen, muslin ; linen
rags; any clout, patch, or piece of old
cloth.

O^efj ragidan, To grumble from Badness,
to mutter with rage.

ram, A herd of cattle ; an assemblage
of people ; terror, flight ; [ram khwurdan
(zadan), To be scared ; — ram dddan, To
put to flight; — ram kardan (namitdan),
To take fright, to shy (m.c.) ;] — ram, rum,
Flesh about the mouth ; — rim, Pus, mat-
ter ; — rum. Hair about the privities.

a. fj ramm (v.n.), Mending, repairing (a
house) ; cropping with the lips shoots of
trees, eating, devouring ; — ramm, rumm,
Plight, escape ; — rimm, Moist ground ;
moiBture ; marrow ; straw or sticks on the
surface of water, or on the ground.

a "Uj ramd', Excess ; addition, increase ;
usury.

a z 1 *") rimdh (pi. of rumh), Spears ; —
rammdh, A maker of spears ; a thrower
or jouster with spears.

a rimdhat, The art of making

spears.
a «>Uj ramdd, Ashes.

'»j ramardm. Opposite ; diverse ; of
ferent colours; successive, following,
pursuing.

a jV-»j rammdz, One who speaks myste-
riously, or by signs ; a propounder of
riddles.

y*U. ramds, Mastic.

a ieUj rammd'at, rammd'a, The two
bones on the upper part of the head (which
are tender and moist in infants) ; the but-
tocks.

JUj rumdl (for ru-mdl),A handkerchief,
towel, napkin.

a JUj rimdl (pi. of rami), Sands ; — ram-
mdl, A geomancer, soothsayer, prophet,
conjurer, fortune-teller.

diffei

a jjJU, rammdU, Geomancy.

a fa rimdm. Cariosity; ulceration or
rottenness of a bone ; — rimdmi atnan,
Caries of the teeth.

fcjV-} ramdn, Timid, fugitive.

A (jjV-j rumm&n, A pomegranate ; — habbi
rummdn, The grains of a pomegranate.

a ls^J rummdni, A seller of pome-
granates ; resembling a pomegranate ;
ruby-coloured ; a ruby.

yj^sl.j ramdnidan, To terrify, fright,
scare.

A ijU; rimdyat (v.n. of (j^j). Shooting an
arrow ; archery.

a fS^) rama'im (pi. of ramlm), Rotten
(bones) ; corrupted things.

a A-j rimmat (v.n. of j»j), Becoming pu-
trid, rotten, worn ; a carious bone ; — rum-
mat, An old rotten rope.

a <J~»j rams (v.n.), Adapting ; mending;
wiping with the hand ; — rims, A species of
forage eaten by camels ; name of a tree j
(a man) clothed in ragged garments ; —
ramas, A raft or float ; eating of the plant
rims ; and suffering from it (camels) ; re-
mains of milk in the udder.

A C"*j ramh (v.n.), Piercing (with a
spear) ; kicking (a horse) ; — rumh, A spear,
lance ; a star in the knee of Bootes.

a rimkh, Thick, entangled trees.

a £-1 ramakh, The last breath (see (>•;
ramaq).

a *»_) ramad, A disorder in the eyes,
ophthalmia; — ramid, Corrupted (water).

a n-v^S ramad-kasTiida, Painful (eye).

sjjj (•} ram-dida, sjj ram-zada, Put to
flight, fugitive.

a ut-Ast ft ram-tlnat, Timid, easily fright-
ened.

ij^S" f) ram-Jcarda, Put to flight, fugi-
tive.

a y«j ramz (v.n.), Intimating, hinting by
moving the lips, knitting the brows, loll-
ing the tongue, waving the hand, Ac. j
nod, wink, hint; insinuation, innuendo,
double entendre; riddle, enigma; myste-
rious allusion ; secret writing ; short-hand ;
sarcasm, irony.

a ynViA ramz-shinds, Knowing signs.
ramzhak, Sin ; a slip, fall ; a cast,

fling.

a (j— j rams (v.n,), Covering with earth
and levelling; burying; concealing; throw-
ing a stone ; the grave ; a sepulchre, a
tomb ; (for (jo^j q.v.) sordes of the eye.

a <_r-*j ramgh (v.n.), Throwing or striking
(with a stone) ; feeding poorly (a herd) j
stroking with the hand ; taking with the
tips of the fingers ; a bundle of fragrant
herbs ; — ramash, A bird's wing ; redness
of the eye-lids with a running humour.
ramieh. Change ; terror, fear.

A yo-j rams (v.n.), Repairing a misfor-
tune (God) ; binding up what has been

J°r>

< 587 )

broken ; making one comfortable ; making
peace between two persons ; voiding excre-
ments (a bird) -, bringing forth (a wild
beast) ; — ravias, White sordes collected in
the inner corner of the eye ; grubs.

a rainz (v.n.), Splitting (a sheep)
and roasting it in the akin upon a hot
stone covered with ashes ; sharpening a
knife; — ramaz, Pasturing flocks on scorch-
ing ground ; burning of the feet from hot-
mess of the ground ; grazing in the sun
and becoming diseased in the liver (sheep).

4 "li-j ramza', ramaz dJ , Hot from the
sun, scorching (ground).

a c)U*j ramazan, The ninth month of
the Muhammadan year ; the fast observed
during that month.

a i_5>^*; ramazdni, Of or relating to
ramazan, born in ramazan ; a proper
name.

t>U*»; ramzan, Name of a fire- worshipper.

A ram', rama' an (v.n. of

MakiDg haste ; tossing (the nose) in anger ;
beckoning, making a sign with the hand;
flowing (tears).

a romg (v.n.), Looking or glancing
at; — ramaq, The last breath, the departing
spirit ; (for P. rama) a flock of sheep ; —
ramaq, ramiq, A bare subsistence, just
enough to keep body and soul together; —
rumuq (pi, of ramuq and ramiq), Poor, dis-
tressed (scarcely able to live) ; — rummaq,
Weak, flaccid.

ramdk (for rama), A herd, flock.

a ramak (pi. of ramakaV), Brood
mares ; jades ; weak (man).

A ramakat (pi. of ramakat), Brood
mares.

ramkdn, rumkan, = q.v.
A ramakat, ramaka, A breeding
mare ; a jade,

ramgd, (in Zand and Pazand),

Mares.

(jj^Uj ramgdn, rumgan, Hair on the
pubes.

a J*j rami, Sand ; the art of prognos-
ticating from lines in the sand, geomancy
(said to have been imparted to Daniel by
Jibril) ; (v.n.) making (mats), or anything
of a flimsy texture ; adorning a sofa,
throne, &c, with gems ; tinging with
blood ; [rami kashldan, To practice geo-
mancy ; — ramli kulya, Urinary gravel;] —
ramal, Little rain ; yielding little rain (the
year); running; augmentation, increase,
exceBS ; lines on the feet of the wild cow
different in colour from the rest ; geo-
mancy ; name of a metre (fd'ildtun
— four times repeated).

a ratals, Name of a town in Pales-
tine.

c ^U, ramli, A geomancer.

t>-j raman, (in Zand) All, the whole.

iii<.j ramanda, Wild, terrified, timid.

i^f) ramwdn, A shepherd ; a herds-
man (= yW a<*j q.v.).

a rumue (pi. of ramz). Signs, signals,
winks, nods.

a (jta rumvz-ddn, Skilled in mys-
teries.

a, (j*)*) rumus (pi. of rams), Graves.

a jyj ramuq, Poor, distressed (scarcely
able to subsist).

a <£y) rumuk (v.n. of ^"j), Abiding (in
any place) ; stay, sojourn, commorancy.

<j)y»j ramun. Earnest-money ; money paid
in advance, to be returned if the goods
turn not out well.

a-; rama, A herd, flock, bevy, covey; a
company, troop, body ; all ; the Pleiades ;
[rama'i goefand, A flock of sheep j] — ruma,
Hair of the pubes.

e \i <k»j rama-ban, A herdsman, a shep-
herd.

j\o rama-ddr, The possessor or keeper
of a flock.

t>t) rama-wdn, A herdsman, a shep-
herd.

i^; ramy (v.n.), Flinging; shooting,
darting (arrows, &c.) ; exceeding, increas-
ing; railing at, reproaching, villifyingj
[ramyi ahjdr, A throwing of stones ;] —
rim.d, The sound of a stone thrown.

ram-ydr, A shepherd, keeper of

flocks.

a ramyat, One throw.

a rimih, rimeh (by Imalah for

rimdh), Lances, spears; — rumaih (dim. of
rumh), A little spear ; — rumaihi ahl sa'd,
A staff on which an old man leans.

^•V) ramidagi, Terror, flight ; aversion.

(vjA^j ramidan, To be afraid, terrified,
seized with horror ; to be disturbed, agi-
tated ; to fly in terror, to shun from aver-
sion ; to frighten ; — dar-ramidan, = mini-
dan.

tx^j ramida, Horror-struck, disturbed,
afflicted ; offended, indignant, having an
antipathy ; — ramida u dramlda, Moveables
and immoveables ; — khana-ramtda, Escaped
from the house; fugitive from home; —
ranjida u ramida kardan, To molest, vex,
injure.

a ramlz. Intelligent; moveable, vola-
tile. "

a yV; rami?, Sharpened ; a sharp knife.

a ramlm (v.n. of £>), Waxing old,
putrefying; putrid, carious, corrupted;
worn out ;— mnhyii 'izdmi ramlm, The re-
viver of corrupted bones (applied to Jesus).

s-Jj rumh, &*5j rumba, ramba, Hair of the
pubes.

gSj ranj, Trouble ; grief, affliction, sad-
ness ; toil ; pain of the body ; anguish of
mind ; remorse ; cholic, gripes ; injury,
offence, molestation, anger ; powder ; (in
comp.) vexing; (equiv. to rang) colour;
— ra.nji tank, Hectic fever; — ranj burdan

( 588 )

(JcasMdan, girifian), To suffer distress ; —
ranj nishastan, Grief ceases; — ranj kardan,
To lament; — ranj namudan, To afflict, to
pain, to aggrieve.
JVj ranjdl, Food.

CJ^Vj ranjdnldan, To molest, annoy,
cause vexation ; to make to labour and
toil.

S&rj ranj-bar, An artificer, mechanic.

ranj-barddr, Enduring hardships,
indefatigable.

fc^** ct> m nj-ddn, A priming-flask or horn.
Lr*rj ranjish, Indignation, offence ; grief,
affliction, toil.

ueX=-j ranjak, The touch-hole of fire-arms ;
the priming-pan.

g 5 ; ranj-kash, Distressed, afflicted.
(fr) ranjan, A soft belly well purged.
if^'j ranjur (for ranj -war), Sick, infirm;
afflicted, grieved, sorrowful ; — l ushshaqi
ranjur, Distressed lovers.

)f?) ranjur-ddr, Attendant on the

sick.

rtvnjuri. Sickness ; anguish.
<Vj ranj a, Pain ; grief; an affected air;
sad, vexed, afflicted ; — ranja ddshian, To
grieve, be distressed; to molest, impor-
tune ; — ranja shudan, To be grieved, sad,
sorrowful ; — ranja kardan, To toil, to la-
bour.

t^'; ranji, Illness, sickness.

^•V^r; ranjidagi, Affliction, sadness.

(j'V^j ranjidan, To be sad, melancholy,
' vexed ; to fret ; to be angry, enraged,
filled with indignation ; to carve, engrave.

s-Vrj ranjida, Vexed, exasperated, indig-
nant ; — ranjida v. ramida kardan, To irri-
tate ; to molest, disturb, interrupt.
ranjm, A ploughshare.

i c Vj rank, A giddiness in the head (as
from intoxication, <fcc).

A rankh (v.n.), Languishing; being
bow-legged ; — rinkh, Name of a place in
Khurasan ; also of a place near Mshapiir.

rand, A word, saying ; anything fra-
grant ; agreeable, easy of digestion; dust;
theft, plunder; anything rough, tart, and
astringent (as the rind of a pomegranate) ;
laurel; myrtle; imp. of randidan, with the
signification of a participle in composition ;
a chip, shaving ; a carpenter's plane; — rind,
Sagacious, shrewd ; a knave, rogue ; a Sufi ;
dissolute ; a drunkard, debauchee ; one
whose exterior is liable to censure, but who
at heart is sound ; a wanderer, traveller ;
an insolent, reckless, fear-nought fellow ;
[rindi jahdn, A vagabond, a vagrant ; —
rindi duhul-darida (probably misreading
for dahan-darida), One who has erred ;~~
rinddni khdk-bez, Penetrating, discerning,
shrewd (persons)]. — rund, The rice-bird.

a rand, Laurel ; also the myrtle, and
aloes.

Wifl Aij rand-a/ris (said to be in thu

language of the Franks), The King of kings,
i.e. God ; name of a king of the Franks;
an island in the country of the Franks (?).

6i\dj rinddna, Worthy of a drunkard or
debauchee, licentious.

yj-J\i»_, ramddnidan, To cause to carve,
engrave, plane, scrape, or rasp.

jS»^j randish, Sculpture ; rasure ; chips,
filings ; scrapings, planings, raspings.

*s).tf) rindak (dim. of rind), An arch lad,
waggish boy.

vanda, A joiner's plane ; shavings ; a
certain fattening herb ; a grater, rasper ; a,
sort of black leather made from goat's
skin ; great, large ; — rinda, Shavings of
leather (doubtful) ; — runda, Name of a
bird, the rice-bird (see &j rund).

(^S-iJ) randi, A polishing, a planing ; saw-
dust ; — rindi, A draught, drink ; trick,
fraud.

yAji^ij randidan, To polish, smooth ; chip
or hew with a hatchet ; to scrape, rasp,
grate, plane ; to walk pompously ; to grow.
6jua>) randlda, Polished ; planed ; scraped.
a yj runz, Kice.
Sfy ranzhak, = <s)j"j q.v.
a <_A)j ran/, ranaf, A kind of forest-
willow.

a (jij ranq, ranaq, raniq, Turbid (water) ;
— ranq, ranaq (v.n.), Being muddy (water);
— raniq, Full of trouble (life).

*aX>j rang (S. ratiga), Colour, hue; com-
plexion ; paint, stain, dye ; stratagem,
fraud, imposture ; insincerity, perfidy, dis-
loyalty ; plaj fulness, innocent delusion or
frolic, ridicule; pleasure; kind, sort, state,
condition ; manner, method, order, form,
habit, usage, custom ; modesty, • bashful-
ness ; dishonour, reproach ; a blemish ; in-
dignation with a mixture of shame ; grief,
pain, affliction ; spirit, soul ; comeliness,
neatness, grace, elegance ; goodness, ; health,
happy circumstances ; gold ; wealth, sub-
stance, a small capital; profit,' utility;
hope, desire, expectation of advantage ; a
game at dice ; money gotten at .games of
hazard; a theft of gold or silver; power,
strength ; lot, portion, share ; a lord,
master, possessor ; a black spot Or mole ;
blood ; small globular bells hung round the
rims of Arabian drums ; an old' patched
garment ; squint-eyed ; a wild niountain-
goat ; a wild ox, or beast in general ; a fine
he-camel kept for stock ; like, resembling ;
corrupt, bad ; growing herbage ; — rangi db,
Water-lentils ; rangi dzdddn, The habits of
generous men ; — rang az asm tin tardshldan,
To attempt impossibilities, to labour in
vain ; — rang az diwtlr tardshldan, To he
bold, impudent, shrewd, clever, or witty; —
rang az rush parJdn, All colour has fled
from his face (m.c.) ; — rangi dftahl (mah-
tdb'i). White inclining to yellow; — rang
uftadau bar (dar), To become tinged or

( 589 )

coloured; — rang afgandan bar (dar), To
tinge, to colour; — rangi dl, Slightly yellow
inclining to red ; — rang dmekhlan, To de-
ceive, to cheat ; — rang awardan (bar-
awardan), To blush ; to colour up with
mdignatipn ; — rang bar ab relchtan (zadan),
To devise; — rang bar -awardan. To show a
fresh colouring ; — rang bar-ddshtar., To re-
move the' colour; to receive a colour; —
rang bar*]cardan. To brighten the colour ; —
rangi bargan, A soft stone for making
glass ; — ■ rang pazlruftan, To receive a
colour ; -f- rang justan, To demand one's
share; — \angi chirk-tab, A. somewhat dirty
colour; — rang chldan bar (dar), To tinge,
to colour ; — rang dddan, To show a fresh
colour ; to tinge, to colour ; — rang ddshtan,
To have a share or portion of; — rangi rail',
Vernal tints ; — rangi raughani, Oil-colour ;
—^rang relchtan (zadan), To lay the founda-
tion of a building ; — rangi sard farangl,
Chromate of lead ; — rangi zargari, A colour
with which goldsmiths taint gold ; — rangi
zardl kashidan, To blush, to be ashamed ; —
rangi zinda, Green colour; — rangi shah-baa,
Darkness ; — rang shudan, To colour, to blush ;
— rangi ehakarl, = rangi dl, q.v. ; — rangi
l&ld'i, Gold colour ; — rangi hare reJMan, To
set to work, to begin ; — rang kardan, To
colour, paint, tinge; to deceive; — rang
girifian, To blush, to colour up with indig-
nation ; — rangi laimun, White inclining to
yellow ; — rangi matam, Blackness ; sable ; —
rangi mahtdln, = rangi dfiabl, q.v. ; — rangi
nabdti, = rangi dl, q.v. ; — rang u ah (rang
u boy, rang y, nam). Majesty, power; apti-
tude, capacity ; — rang u ab ba-rit'i kdr
awardan, To accomplish the work in bril-
liant style ; — rangi hawd, Darkness ; —
rang ydftan, To show a fresh colour ; — ba-
rang dddan, To tinge, to colour.

<a£(jl&j rang- d-rang, Various-coloured; of
different sorts.

yf\ *aX5j rang-dmes, Mixing colour ; pos-
sessing colour, painted, dyed, stained ; con-
versant with many subjects ; fickle,
inconstant; painting; stratagem.

j/i rang-dwwr, Coloured ; deceitful,
fraudulent, knavish ; shame-faced ; pom-
pous in diction, one who values himself on
flowery language.

tj^) rang&'i, The price paid for dyeing ;
a certain spaee of time during which a
cloth is dyed..

Jlj 4iOj rang-bdld, Bright-coloured (rose).

tos-lj tiOj rang-bdkhta, Pale.

iSijt *4S5j rang ba-rang, Various.

ts~~} iiSij rang-bast, A fixed, fast colour ; —
rang-bastl, Fixedness of colour.

i±tji liSij rang-parida, Sallow, pale (m.c).

j; t£>j rang-raz, A dyer ; — rang-razi gulgiin,
A vintner.

ttAir^O rang-rattdn (pi. of the preceding),
Dyers ; (for rang-rezdn) Autumn.

rang-raeh, Silk

vjSy rang-raeh, Silk merchant or

spinner.

t>y&) ringarfdd, (in Zand) A.n elephant.

Jit )} c:£»j rang-rosh, A silk-merchant ; a
cheat, deceiver.

y_j <^&j rang-rez, A dyer.

*sOj rang-rezdn, Autumn.

»jj *4»j rang - zada, Tinged, coloured,
dyed.

rang-sds ; A painter, a dyer.

Ji> )} i rang-farosh, A dyer ; a silk-
merchant ; a. cheat.

it\S rang-Mghiz, Coloured paper

(m.c).

e!U is&j rang-ldk, A dyeing tincture.

Is3 a& } rang-lvM, Tincture of lac.

ksJVi *2S3j rang-ndk, Coloured, tinged.

,_s% rangi, A dyer ; chintz, the colour of
which will not stand washing ; a kind of
cloth.

J&>» rang-mahal, An apartment dedi-
cated to voluptuous eujoyment.
yjuf&j rangldan. To grow, increase.

re

rangm, Coloured, tinctured, painted,
of many colours ; allegorical, figurative,
metaphorical ; elegant, flowery.

rangind, o^*&j rangindn, A red

peach.

qUS' rangin-kamdn, The rainbow.

a ranam (v.n.), Sounding, singing; —
rwnum, Skilful female singers.

J^j ranwad, Absence ; — runud (Ar. pi. of
P. rind). Knaves, ruffians.

runus, A sort of stone which, when
made into a ring, banishes care from the
wearer's mind.

jy rav, A sigh, groan ; (imp. of raftan)
go thou; (also the contracted form of
rawanda) who goes ; act of going, travel,
journey ; road ; — ru, Face, countenance ;
surface, (hence, in m.c.) upon ; aspect,
appearance ; sake, cause, reason ; hypocrisy ;
colour, pretence ; hope, expectation ; wish ;
manifestation ; search, investigation ; (in
comp.) having a face, like ; {ru ba-taraqqi
guzdrdan, To tend towards improvement
(m.c.) ru ba-tarafi otdq, The face turned
towards the room (m.c.) ; — ru dddan, To
appear, to show oneself, to arise (chi ru ddda
ad, How has it happened P) ; — ruth, Upon
it, above (m.c.) ; rush-rd giriftan, To veil
one's face (m.c.) ; — ru kardan (nihddan 6a),
To turn the face towards, to turn to ; — az
rum bar -namiy dyad, I dare not (m.c.) ; — az
ru'i, By way of, in the manner of ; — az ru'i
qd'idu, According to rule or law, lawfully,
properly (m.c.) ; — bd-ru'i murdum, In the
face of men, before the people ; — pishi ru,
In front of ;— har rii$h-rd ■mi-khpdhi mi-
zanad, He plays any part you like, he is a
Jack-of-all-trades (m.c.);] — ro, Brass.

Vy rawd (part, of raftan), Going; current
(coin) ; lawful, right ; equitable, reasonable ;
admissible, allowable; tolerated; worthy,

bj ( 590 ) Ijy

proper, suitable ; pleasant, agreeable ; ob- I
taining one's desire ; \rav)d budan, To be
■worthy (rawdst, It ia proper, it ought to be
bo) ; — rawa ddehtan, To judge right, com-
mend, approve, allow ; — rawa shudan. To
be lawful ; to sell well (goods) ; to be brisk
(a market) ; — rawa kardan, To approve ; to
adjust ;] — riwd, Fruitfulness, plenty.

A rawa', Sweet, wholesome (water) ;
the well Zamzam ; — riwd', A rope for fas-
tening loads; (pi. of rdwi) those who
quench their thirst with water ; — ruwd',
Aspect ; beauty of countenance, comeli-
nesB.

A Wjy rawabit (pi. of rabitat), Connec-
tions ; ligatures ; conjunctions.

a Stjy ruwdt (pi. of ram), Historians,
narrators, tellers, relaters, reporters ; those
who quench their thirst with water.

A s-Jfyy rawdtib (pi. of rdiibaf), Stipends,
salaries, appointments, dues.

A gVy rawdj (v.n. of By), Being vendible,
in great demand, or selling well (goods,
kasdd implying a difficulty of sale) ; being
current, circulating freely (money) ; use,
cub torn, practice, fashion ; — rawdj daehtan,
To be current ; to be fashionable (m.c.) ;
— rawdj shudan, To become current, obtain,
prevail ; — rawdj yaftan, To sell well ; (met.)
to come in use, (The word is also con-
strued with burdan, dddan, and shilcaetan) ;
— waqti rawdj, The favourable time for
selling.

a )*$p rawdj-hdr, Free circulation (m.c).

a tiS gijj rawaj-gdh, The exchange.

a tfy rawdh (v.n. of t)j), Going, coining,
or doing anything at sunset ; the after-
noon, the evening ; travelling in the even-
ing.

a Vy rawa-hdl, Immediately ; swift.

a Jo-Vy rawdhil (pi. of rdhilat), Camels of
burden; caravans.

>J\y rawdd, ruwdd, A place full of hills,
risings, pasture, and water ; the green bank
of a river ; a muddy stream.

\jj rawd-ddr, An approver, chooser,
consenter ; judging right ; lawful, true,
just, proper, fit.

jl« rawdr, A jailer, a turnkey.

jSj) raw-d-rav, Proceeding, travelling,
following quick ; — ruw-d-ru, Face to face.

0) rawdrav-san, One who calls out
" Proceed ! proceed ! " who blows the
trumpet to announce the arrival of a great
man. (See bdngi rawdrav, under .)
rawdn, A jailer, a turnkey.

tSj^jSj rawdtdrt, Metaphorical, figurative.

a oj'jt) rawdzin (pi. of rauzan), Windows.

y»Vy rawas, Water-cresses ; — riwds, Sorrel.

a 4_s-^y rawdsi (pi. of rdsiyai), Huge
mountains.

rawdsh, — e\i> q.v.

a aM« rawdfid, Bea.ms for a roof, rafters.

a y4i\jj rawafi? (pi. of rdftz ), The for-

sakers or rebels, i.e, the followers of the
sect of All, denominated Shiites (so called
from their forsaking Zaid Ibn Ali Ibnu'l-
Husain) ; heretics.

A j>\)j rawdq, Purified, filtered, strained ;
riwdq, rwwdq, A house resembling a tent
(being supported on one pillar) ; a curtain
stretched like a canopy before a tent or the
door of a house ; a roof in the front of a
tent or a house, a portico, porch; a gal-
lery in front of a house ; a lofty building
resting on columns ; — riwdqi bi-situn, The
heavens ; — riwdqi sim-gun, The sky ;—
riwdqi manzari chashm, The pupil of the
eye.

a ^\jy ravidqi, Purification, straining,
filtration ; — riwdqi, A Stoic philosopher.

oEHiy rawdk, Pure, strained.

«sm«( rawdg, A saloon open in front.

a JVy ru'dl, Growth of teeth (in a hor»e).
rawdm-bud, = ±) q.v.

a rawdmis, Winds effacing vestiges,

filling up wells, or scattering earth ; night-
birds ; also beasts roaming at night.

(jj^j rawdn, Life, soul, spirit ; the rea-
sonable soul ; the heart ; (part, of rawldan
or raftan) going, passing ; brisk, active
(sale) ; mounted, riding ; running ; flowing,
fluid; lawful, proper; text; reading;
forthwith, immediately, quickly; Eriwan
in Armenia ; — rawdn dmadan, To flow ; —
rawdn ddshtan, To know by heart ; — rawdn
sdkhtan (kardan), To commit to memory;
— rawdn shudan, To go, flow, pass, run;
— rawdn kardan, To make current ; to de-
spatch ; to spill ; — rawdn gusistan, To die.

©WjU ravidndn (pi. of rawdn), Souls,
spirits.

rawan-award, Wise, learned,
tr-*. o\i> rawdn-bakMsh, The Holy Spirit.
J>i rawdn-bud, All-pervading spirit.
fi\y rawdntar, More current.
i\yt. rawdn - khtudh, A wandering

beggar.

jSU. (jj\jy rawdn-edldr, = •*» q.v.

(jjU~i^j rawanistdn, A place abounding in
souls, heaven.

•i^fc^y rawdn-gird, Power; the kingdom
of heaven.

ts&^jy rawdnagi, A running, a flowing,
flux ; a passing, a travelling ; — ■paiwasta
rawdnagfi haul, Diabetes.

rawdna, Going, running, passing,
flowing; prepared; despatched, departed;
travelling; a custom-house passport, pass,
or permit ; a present ; fortune, prosperity ;
— rawdna'i rah kardan, To prosecute a
journey ; — rawdna kardan (namUdan), To
set going, to send, to despatch (m.c).

(jJ^jy rawdni, A course ; effusion ; brisk-
ness of market ; currency ; — rawdni dddan,
To despatch, cause to be received, make
anything have its full weight (as a mandate),
or value (as goods) ; — rawdni 'i db, The

( 591

flowing of water ; — rawani'i shikam, A flux,
diarrhcea.

s.u}\» y^j, rawdn-ydbanda, The rational
soul.

O^ly rawdnidan, To make current,
cause to be received, despatch ; to behove,
be necessary ; to be vendible, current (goods
or money) ; — ruwdnidan, To cause to
grow.

rawdwa. The musical instrument
called rabah.

t^jy rawdh, Food for prisoners.

a yS-fc^j rawdhish, Veins outside the hand,
or in the foTe-legs of a horse.

a rawdhis, Stones fixed in a row ;

also su3h as hurt the feet of horses.

a rawdyd, «s>\jVy riwdydt (pi. of
ritcayat), Narrations, stories, traditions.

a i&ly rxwdyai (v.n. of ^j), Drawing water
and presenting it (to a friend) ; relating
the words of another; a tradition; a his-
tory, narrative, relation ; a various reading ;
a manuscript; — riwayati mhih, A sound
tradition, indubitable report ; — rawdyati
mashhur, A celebrated or well-known tra-
dition ; — za'ifu'r-riwdyat, A traditionist of
feeble authority.

a rawd'ih (pi. of rd'ihat), Odours,
perfumes ; delightful breezes ; evening
rains.

<*ri\)) rawdyish, A facility in disposing of
goods; precious commodities (as easily
sold).

t/ljy rawa'l, A passing along, by, or
through ; currency, circulation ; briskness
of markets ; fulfilment, success, comple-
tion ; suitableness, worthiness ; elegance ;
figurative, allegorical ; — rawa'i dddan, To
give currency; — rawd'i ydftan, To obtain
currency, to circulate.

a vj; raub (v.n.), Being thick (milk) ;
being disordered (intellect) ; — rub, Name
of a village near Balkh.

v» rob (imp. of ruftan), Sweep; (in
comp.) sweeping ; — rob ieardan, To sweep.

^jy rubd, Fox-grapes ; nightshade.

ru bd ru, Face to face, opposite;
comparatively ; — ru bd 'ru kardan, To com-
pare, confront, collate.

3^ ru-bdz, Open in front (as a carriage,
Ac.) ; unveiled.

O^jj robdn, Sweeping ; one who sweeps.

O^^i} robdnidan, To cause to sweep ; to
clean the teeth.

'^■0 rubdk, A fox ; — rubdhi par, The
flying fox -^rubdhi turkl, A porcupine; —
rubah dar tula ddrad, He has caught him
in the trap which he set for others ; —
rubdhi daryd'i, A beaver ; — rubdhi zard, The
sun.

s\jj, rvbdh-bdii, Fox-play, stratagem,
subtlety ; — ruhdh-bdzi kardan, To play the
fox, to act with wiliness.
^ riibah-bachcha, A fox's cub.

) c»

tsXjy slty rubdh-turbak, Fox-grapes ; night-
shade.

6 jU rUbak-mdda, A bitch-fox, a vixen.

o*^;j rubdhi, Foxship, vulpine cunning ;
— rubdhi Mr dan, To play the fox, to devise
stratagems.

a raubat, rubat, r&ba, A ferment or
preparation of sour milk put amongst new
milk to make it coagulate ; intellect, under-
standing ; semen virile ; fragment of a
cloud ; a portion of the night ; name of a
poet.

»ty ;j ru ba~vdh, Fit for business, adjusted,
prepared ; reformed, returned from an
erroneous course; — ru ba-rdh shudan, To
begin or proceed on a journey, to pass
along.

jyj )) ru ba-ru. Face to face, in front of j
presence ; — ru ba-rii muhdraba kardan, To
fight front to front.

ji^f jy ru ba-kar, Approaching, at hand,
about to be, in agitation ; ready for busi-
ness ■, intent upon.

2) ru-ba-hdri, Proceeding (of a
cause) ; a warrant.

ru-band, A lady's veil or mask.

A}y rubah, A fos.;—rubahi la'l, The red
fox.

<wLtfjy rubakana, Fox-like, crafty, wily.

ts) 1 * **» riibah-bdKl, ruba-bdzi, Fox-play,
stratagem.

u^j; rubdhah, A young fox, a fox's cub.

CjWljy rubiydn, A shrimp.

t)-**fjj robidan, To wipe, sweep, dust.

6j ~si}) robina, A cock, a tap (m.c. from Fr.
robinet).

tfjyjjy ru-pdlc, A woman's veil ; a hand-
kerchief ; a towel.

ru-past, Face downwards, with a
lowered face, humble.

\J>j>)j ru-posh, A veil covering the whole
face, especially a virgin bride's of red
silk ; concealed, disappearing out of sight ;
anything the outside of which differs from
the inside ; — ru-posh shudan, To abscond.

H rupa, <5->>jj rupiya, A rupee.

(jSj^ » ru-tazagi, Freshness of face, serene
looks.

a raas (v.n.), Dunging (a horse) ;
dung, ordure.

sjj roj, A day ; unripe grapes.

h. By roj. The white-footed antelope
{antelope picta).

t*Ju^ riichak, The 15th of the month
Sha'ban.

raucha, rucha, Unripe dates.

a Ci) rauh (v.n.), Visiting in the after-
noon ; a pleasant refreshing wind ; rest,
quiet, ease; mercy, clemency; — ruh, The
soul, incorporeal spirit ; the breath of Q-od ;
Jesus ; the angel Gabriel ; an angel in the
form of man with an angelic body ; the
Qur'an; revelation; prophecy; in P. name
of a note in music ; [ruhi a'f.am, The bu-

( 592 )

preme spirit;— ruku 'l-amin (-qudus), The
faithful (holy) spirit, i.e. the angel Ga-
briel; — ruhi ildhi, The divine spirit; — ruhu
'Hah, The spirit of God, the Holy Ghost ;
Jobus; Gabriel; — ruhi bd-fwtuh, A victo-
rious, i.e. blessed, spirit ; — ruhi tntiyd,
Mercury; a sort of pewter; wine ;— r-ilhi
haydti, Thn vital spirit; — ruhi haiwdm,
Animal spirit; — ruhi rawdn, A living soul ;
— ruhi fabi'i, The animal spirit ;-^ruhi
qudgi, Gabriel; — ruhi mubdrak, A blessed
soul; — ruhi ma'ddm, Mineral spirit; —
ruhi muhzrram, The angel Gabriel ; — ruhi
nabdti, Vegetable spirit ;] — rawaJi, A turn-
ing out or the feet, so that the heels are
close together.

tjy ruh, Name of a note in music.

a t>i)J\ cy ruh-dsuda, Dead, whose soul
rests.

a Cjj ruh-afzd, Increasing the spirits,
prolonging life.

a rauham, Good, agreeable, clean

and pure (place) ; — ruhdni, Spiritual ; holy,
contemplative ; a howling dervish.

a ruhdniyat, Spirituality, sanctity.

a Cy ruh-pa/rwar, Nourishing the mind
or soul.

aj\J cjy ruh-ddr, Animated.

a* ^—yCi) ruh-farsd, Soul-destroying, fatal.

t)j rukh, The intestines ; bald ; mangy ;
name of a plant.

t)) rukh-chakad, Bald-headed (man).

a raud (v.n.), Seeking ; going in quest
of forage and water; going and coming,

>>jy rud (by some rod, from Z. raodJia), A
river, torrent, flowing water ; the Osue ;
intestines, gnt ; the string of a musical in-
strument ; a bow-string; song, cheerful-
ness, jovial conversation, convivial mirth ;
vocal or instrumental music ; a son or
daughter ; a beautiful brunette ; a comely
and amiable youth ; a plucked bird ; a
sheep stripped' of its wool ; — rudi khemn,
A torrent ; — rudi jaihim, The Oxua; — rudi
fur at, The Euphrates ; — rudi m.i$r, The
river of Egypt, the Kile.

W« rodd, A bow-string ; a gut; a branch.

*»Tjjj ruddba, Name of the mother of
Rust am ; name of a fort.

-A-* ru-dad, An account of circum-
stances, narrative, statement of a case.

q-Aj ru dddan, To happen.

^•3 ru-ddr, A man of rank or dignity.
j) ru-ddri, Rank, dignity ; flattery.

jji J A) rud-dwar, A river's bed ; name of
a river.

■jyTf Jj, rud-dvatrd, Branches of trees,
straws, &c, carried down by a stream ;
name of a river.

<i )} rtid-ahu, Name of a river.
*>jy rud-bar, A large river ; a river in
a valley, a channel formed by the torrent;
a place where many streams run ; the bank
of a river ; name of a country and of a city.

A- ^>- •>)) rud-jama, A lute.
oUa. riid-chaJcad, Bald (man), bare.
ti\i. ajy rad-khdna. A river's bed or chan-
nel ; a river; — rud-khdna'i saped, A lake
in Iraq.

Jjy rud-kh&s, A rising wave.
t)j A y riid-zan, A harper ; — radzani falak,
(Minstrel of the sky) The planet Venus.
i*j J JU rud-zham, Name of a river.
a rudis, The island of Rhodes.
jL.jjjj rud-sdz, A musician.

•>}) rudshahd, Name of a river.
. _ *^ J jy rudak, A rivulet ; a small musical
instrument ; — rodak, Name of an animal
found in Tartary, of whose skin fur-gar-
ments are made.

rud-kashf, Name of a note in

music.

yl&jj rudagan (pi. of ruda), Intestines.

L^jlSjy rudaganhd (pi. of the preceding),
Bowels, viscera, intestines.

(jfWo^j rudagdm, Bowels ; — rudagdne, One
gut.

rudgar, A musician; a maker of
strings for musical instruments or bows.

o&i) rodagi, rudagi, Surname of the
celebrated Persian poet Abu '1- Hasan.

gSjjj rudldkh, A place abounding in
rivers.

Cj^jy rudan, <sSi-i^ riidang, Madder.

ruda, A gut, an intestine ; the string
of an instrument ; the fundament of a
quadruped ; anything steeped in hot water ;
a river ; — ruda kardan, To pour hot water
(amongst flour when baking) ; to take
feathers off birds (by scalding).

tj-j iJ j; ruda-bin, Inspecting the entrails,
i.e. a diviner, augur, soothsayer.

s jj£ ruda-karda, Stripped of its fea-
thers (a bird), or of its wool (a lamb).

Oi^j} rudin, Pertaining to a river.

rormana, (in Zand) A pomegranate.

Ajjy ranis (v.n.), Assaying, proving; at-
tending to one's trade or estate and im-
proving it.

3j; roz (C* *w^)t A day ; day-time ; the
sun ; the face ; good fortune ; opportunity ;
the vernal equinox ; power, strength ; cour-
age; open, manifest, clear, evident; — ros
ast. It is quite evident ; — roei istiftdh, A
happy day ; the 15th of Rajab ; — rod alatt,
The day of the original covenant between
God and man (see cs~~H) ; — rozi umed «
Mm, The day of hope and fear, i.e. the day
of judgment ; [also called (roei) bds-
khwdst, (day) " of investigation," pas-in
" final," jazd " of retribution," dad " of
justice," dirang "of delay," shvmdr (hisai)
" of reckoning," qiydmat "of resurrection,"
mahshar " of gathering," mazdlim " of
grievances ;"] — rozi bar, A day of public
audience ; — rozi bazar, Market-day ; a brisk
market; the resurrection; — roz ba-nhab
dwardan (kardan), To pass the day until

>» ( 593 )

night; to make the day alternate with
night ; — roz bd-'ayeh, Good day (to you) ;
rozi baland, A long day j — rozi blgdh, An
hour or two before sunset; — roz parwdz
thud, (met.) The day has been long ; day
has appeared ; the sun has risen ; — rozi
tab, A hot day; — rozi tank, A day of
mourning, trouble, vexation ; — rozi tahwtl,
The day after the sun enters a sign of the
zodiac ; — rozi tang, The day of battle ; day
of misfortune ; distress, calamity rozi
jashn, A festival ; — rozijak (chah), The 15th
of the month Sha'ban; — rozijang, A battle-
day; — rozi jawdm, The season of youth;
— rozi husain, The day after the death of
Husain; — rozi khwad bdzdri Jthwad did,
Intent upon his own business he left others
in peace; — rozi kAtvush, The season of
youth; — rozi digar, The day of judgment;
— roz rozi twt, The day is yours, you are
the conqueror, you prevail ; — rozi roshan,
In broad day-light (m.c.) ; — rozi saped
(rothan), A bright or happy day ; — rozi
ihlrlm-khwurdn, The day of betrothal ; be-
trothing, asking in marriage ; — roz sdJchtan,
To be aBhamed ; — rozi siydh (siyaK), A day
of mourning, trouble, or vexation; — rozi
siydh nishdndan kaee-rd, To distress or
ruin one ; — rozi 'dlam shud, The splendour
of the world has passed away ; — rozi 'uzlat,
A day of retirement, i.e. a fast day ; — rozi
'id, A festival day ; — rozi fardkh, Bay-
break ; — roz firo shud, Life is gone ; — rozi
kdr ast, It is the day for action ; — rozi
haltin, The great day, i.e. Christmas (m.c.) ;
rozi kuehish, A day of slaughter ; — rozi
Tcothish, Day of battle; — roz guzrdndan, To
pass the time; to flatter, time- serve; to
benefit ; — rozi mihr, Sunday ; — rozi waiddn,
Day of battle ; — rozi najdi, The day of deli-
very (from the hands of an enemy) ; the
day of resurrection ; — rozi ndmus u nam
(nang u nam, ruing u nahard), A day of
battle, strife, or contention ; a day of mirth
and festivity ; — roz u skab, Day and night ;
— rozi hurmuzd, Thursday ; — ba-roz kardan,
To set in the light of day ; to appear, to
come to light, to be manifested (m.c.) ; —
ba-roz kase uftddcm (nishastan), To be in
an evil plight ; — chii roz. Clear, manifest
(lit. like daylight).

<^y\ jju roz-afzdy, Increasing the days ;
name of the fourth month in the era of
Yazdagird.

fi>^ j)J roz-afziln, Increasing daily (in
glory), a royal title, implying august, for-
tunate ; a benediction, friendly congratu-
lation; alms.

y&l jjy roz-afgan, A tertian ague ; the
Bun.

rozdn, Days ; (adv.) at day-time ;
— rozdn u ehabdn, Days and nights.

iiVjjy rozdna, Daily ; daily pay, pen-
sion.

ss)^ )i> roz-bdzi, Time ; fortune ; the
vicissitudes of fate.

O^jA) rot! ban, A porter, especially at the
royal gates; a footman, mace-bearer; a
protector, patron ; an executioner.

jiJ* b) rox ba-roz, Day after day, from
day to day, every day.

** )l) roz-bih, Fortunate days, happy
times ; improving daily ; happy, fortunate ;
name of a wazir of Bahramgur,

jfe, jjj) roz-paikar, Upright, honest, sin-
cere ; enlightened.

V*- " 4 ))) roz-Mjusp, Lazy, idle, inatten-
tive ; — roz-khuspi shab-fehez, A pretended
devotee ; a night-robber.

bj roe-shun, An unexpected assault
by robbers in the day-time. (See ojcfc**).

b) roz-ddr, A day-labourer; a servant,
a slave.

SAid b) roz-dida, Having seen days, aged.

**\jjjO rozrdna, A market-town ; an exile.

fcjjjy roz-rukk. Clearness, freshness, ruddi-
ness of face ; esteem, honour.

Jjj jjj roz-roz, From day to day, daily.

ji—Mijjy rozistdr, Artificers, mechanics, and
agriculturists of every kind.

yU-.jjj rozistdn, A place where the day is
passed (opp. to < ^-^ a, q.v.).

j/jjy roz-Mr, Purblind, not seeing by
day.

rozake, One little day, i.e. a very
short while.

rozgdr, oV*j.D rozgdrdn, The world ;
fortune; time, season, an age; day;
vanity; wind, air; slaughter; service, em-
ploy, situation ; labour, toil ; occasion ;
earning; — rozgdr bar-dwardan (bur dan,
kjiwurdan) , To pass one's time; to live;
— rozgdri jawdni, The time of youth ; —
roegdri paigkatn-bar, The time of the
apostle ; — rozgdr siydh kardan, To render
unhappy ; — rozgdr guzardntdan, To pass
one's time ; — rozgdr guzashtan, To subsist,
live ; — rozgdr ydftan, To find an opportu-
nity ; — nvukhdlif rozgdr, Adverse wind ;
— musa'id (muwdjiq) rozgdr, Favourable
wind.

ajjj jtfjjj rozgdr-dida. One who has seen
the world and its vicissitudes, experienced.

Cjl&Jj rozgdr-raftagdn, Unfortunates.

y^j^ J£))) rozgdr-dfirin, The creator of
the world.

^sj^h) rozgdri, Worldly; vain; aerial;
one who earns ; — rozgdre, Some time ; —
rozgdre shumard, He has lived a long time.

rozgdna, Pay, pension ; fore-part
of the head.

^ )i> roz-guzdr, A livelihood; what is
sufficient for the day.

i' oz -<! ar d> (Turning the day) The

sun.

bi roz-gardak, The sunflower.
Oj* jjo roz-gun, Eesembling the day,
bright.

>» ( 594

«U ^ roz-mdh, The day of the month,
date.

S J" i» foz-marra, Daily conversation,
common discourse ; daily allowance ; always,
daily.

*" h) rw-mah,. Date, day of the month

other day.

t>jjj rozan, rauzan, A window; an aper-
ture in the middle of the house for allowing
the smoke to escape, a louvre-window ; (in
fortification) a loophole, an embrasure;—
rozan giriftan, To shut the window; — rozan
gushddan, To open the window ; — rozani
gulkkan, The chimney of a stove.

*«s<«to j)j roz-ndmcha, &*\> ro
book of the day, i.e. an ephemeris, calendar,
almanack ; a journal of daily transactions
or expense ; a daily account-book or journal ;
a daily list, account, or report ; a news-
paper.

roznuma-ji, <j~4}* ^^j)) roznama-
nawis, A newspaper-writer, a reporter,
journalist (m.c.) ; a book-keeper.

<_s~*y Tozn&ma-nmtAai, Journalism

(m.c).

W^jj) riizandan, To increase ; to ooze.
y )i) rauzanak-sar (rauzanaki sar ?),
The soft part of the head,

miydn, The third day, every

)i) foz-iidtna, A

ful).

ruzang-sar, The hoopoo (doubt-

rauzana, rozana., A window, or any
hole in the wall for receiving light ; (in
fortification) a loophole,
j— A>)_«y ruzana-sar. The hoopoo.
s-a ) j)j roz-u-shab, A day of twenty -four
hours.

*)}) vom, A day, a day's (journey, &c.) ;
daily allowance ; fasting; a fast- day ; any-
thing additional over the hose sar-muza ; —
roza khwurdan, To avoid keeping fast ; —
roza ddshian, To fast ; — roza'i 'uzlat, A fast
of twenty-four hours ; — roza kushudan, To
breakfast (especially in the month of
Eamaziin, when it is not permitted till the
evening) ; — roza'i maryam, Silence ; death.

j\yL. Bjjy roza-khwdr, One who breaks the
fast,

^y** Syj roza-khwdri, A breaking of the
fast.

s;^ roza- dar, Who fasts or keeps Lent.

^jjU Sjjj roza-ddri, A keeping of the fast.

s\j Sj_jj roza-rdh, A day's journey.

U.S Sj,j roza-kushd, Breakfasting.

^u/sjjj roza kushal, Breakfast.

i»s5i) /os '' -Daily f° 0( * '< monthly wages ;
provision; sustenance; fortune, lot, por-
tion ; goods, chattel's ; activity ; \rozl an
zakhm pardganda khwurdan, To procure
one's daily food with great trouble from
everywhere ; — tang-rozt, Whose means of
subsistence are scant (see ^jjy ctU>) ;] — roze.
One day ; a certain day ; — roze chand, Several
dayB.

) U~»

isV^ <>s))) rossi-afzay, Name of the fourth
month according to the sera of Yazdagird.

^^yj roziyana,, Daily ; daily allowance ;
a journal, pension, or pay-book ; an ephe-
meris.

(4)jy rozi-khwdr khwdra), Enjoy-

(pl.) rozi-khwdr an.

rag his daily food;
living creatures

C"H5i) fozldan, To sweat out ; to increase.
80 r °to-dih, rozi-rasdn, Giver

of daily bread (an epithet of God) ; pay-
master (of an army).

J ^ rozi kundd, God prosper (him) !
ojrjj rozlmand, In want of daily food
(opp. to ^jjj q,v., namely one who has
a daily allowance granted him by others).

<s-u)jy rozina, Daily pay, a pension ; a daily
allowance granted to Brahmans, fakeers,
poor or infirm persons, to be enjoyed during
their lifetime.

Aaj^j rozlna-ddr, One who receives a
daily allowance.

y»y roe, rus, Eussia ; a Russian ; a fox ;
an elk ; walking pompously ; outstripping,
leaving behind.

a u»)j ru'us (pi. of ra's), Heads.
a eLuy ru'asd' (pi. of ra'is), Princes,
nobles.

( i jAs.L» f-n edkhtan. To blush, be
ashamed.

s jjSil ros-augurda, Fox-grapes.
ruspi, A courtesan ; a cuckold,
(ji-'jj ruspi-bdragi, Whoredom.

Sj\i ^-jj ruspi-bdra, A whoremonger.

■*e*~ }} ru-saped, Illustrious, excellent ;
select ; honest, righteous.

*<j\j cj^jj rilspl-zdda, Son of a whore.

^~>jj rostd, r itstd, ij^—j) rod ay, A market-
town, village, cantonment of Turkoman huts;
a market-place ; any inhabited place, culti-
vated country with towns and villages ; an
inhabitant of such a place ; an assemblage,
concourse of people ; a corn-field; — bl-rostdy
'id, Mirth, festivity without noise or rus-
ticity.

rustd-khez, Day of the resurrec-
tion.

jbs-jj rostdr, rustdr, A villager.

5j\j bc-,^, rostd-zdda, rustd-zada, Village-
born ; a peasant, a rustic.

a rwtdq, = q.v.

^fli-^ rostd'i, rusta'l, A villager; a
country life, rui-al life ; — rostd'i-rd hamam
khwush dmad, The rustic enjoyed the
bath, a proverbial saying to express that a
person sticks to an occupation or place.

rustakhez. The Day of Judgment.

fj~% rustain, Itustam, the Persian
Hercules.

a j^*-_y rumkhtaj, P. fa^-. % ro-sukhta,
Antimony.

■Ar-A- ru-safed, = )j q.v .

i3±*i~. rii-eafedl, Honourable conduct ;
honour.

u-jy ( 595

u~._>i> rosT, A little ; a cup of wine ; name
of a hero ; Russian ; a Russian ; a kind of
stuff.

)) ru-siyah, Black (in face, mind, or
aame) ; criminal ; unfortunate, mean, ab-
ject ; an Ethiopian, a black Arabian.

(j*^* )j ru-siydhl, Blackness of face ;
disgrace ; sin, criminality.

a J^^ ramh (v.n.), Eating much; also
little.

\j>y ramish (in poetry sometimes rosk),
Motion, going, coming ; walking, out-
stripping, passing by ; "way, mode, manner ;
order, proceeding, custom, institution, rite,
law, rule, regulation ; avenue, walk, path,
way, passage ; [rawishi ahmad ddehtan, To
keep the precepts of Muhammad, or the
laudable way] — rosh, Wicked, bad-tempered,
inhuman ; (for roshan) bright, splendid ; —
rush (for rii.y-ash), His face (m.c, see y ),

a^jy roshan. Light, clear, luminous.

6i\u^ roshana, A proper name, Koxana.

tjr&*, vAjj rawish-bakksh, " Motion-giver."
raushan (for raumn), A window; —
roshan (for roshan) Light, splendid, lumi-
nous, bright, serene, resplendent ; clear, evi-
dent, manifest, conspicuous ; illustrious,
celebrated; neither thick nor thin, moderate ;
bad- tempered, harsh ;- roshan leardan, To
clear ; to know by heart (a lesson) ; to ex-
plain (a word or speech) ; — gulii roshan
Jmrdan, To clear the throat.

^*>_y roshana, Light, splendour ; a marca-
site or fire-stone ; Roxana ; — roshand'i
(rushand'i) alaktrisiya, Electric light (m.c),

o*^* )) ru-shinds, Conspicuous, celebrated,
honourable, respectable ; an acquaintance,
one whose face is known, a cap-acquain-
tanee; — ru-shindsdn, Chiefs (of a kingdom
or city) ; stars ; friends, acquaintances.
ru-shindsi, Acquaintance.

ybAjj roshavdn, pi. of t^jy q.v. ; — rosha-
nanifalak, The stars.

i^Laj; roshand'i, Luminous, affording
light ; light ; the marcasite or fire-stone ;
splendour ; ink ; an eye-salve.

J - * roshan-basar, roshan-bin,
Clear-sighted.

vA* roshan-tab, Bright, resplendent ;
the sun.

iW 1 *^ roshan-chirdgi, A note in music.

(jjUAAy raushandan, A window-frame ; —
roshandan, A skylight ; a lamp.

Jj yijj roshan-dil, Of an enlightened
mind.

£Uj roshan-damdgh, Snuff.

a roshan-rdy, Of a serene mind

(name of a sister of Aurangzeb).

tjljj roshan-rawdn, and —

a p*£ roshan-zamir, Of an enlightened
mind or genius ; a clear head, a bright
mind.

a roshan-sawdd, Skilled in read-

ing written matter or manuscripts.

) &

a roehan-qiyds, Sagacious,

acute.

•sViAjy roshank, Name of the wife of
Alexander ; a certain drug ; a torch-bearer.
roshangar, A polisher, furbisher.

jO? roshan-guhar, Of a bright dispo-
sition.

a j& roshan-nazar, = <1> T -
*w rotshan-nihad, Of a blight dispo-
sition.

ij^jj roshani, Light ; law ; a trace j
bright steel ; (construed with the verbs
uftddan, afgandan, burdan, dadan, raftan,
shustan, kardan, mdndan, &c.) ; — roshani' i
subh, Light of morn.

s^!-w_}; roshani-gdh, A lightsome place.

roshidan, an obsolete verb of which
only the imp. rosh, Light up, brighten, and
the part, roshan, Shining, clear, luminous,
seem to be in use.

a rauz, A quantity of water, half a
leathern bottle full; (pi. of rauzat) Kitchen
or flower gardens ; meadows, meads, lawns.

a «wU>y rauzdt (pi. of the following),
Gardens ; meads.

a *<*3j rauzat, A kitchen or flower garden ;
a meadow, lawn ; (met.) Paradise ; a tomb ;
a funeral prayer ;— rauza'i bdgte rafi', The
garden of Paradise ; — rauza'i tarkib, The
human form; — rauza'i jannat, The terres-
trial parage ; — rauza'i khvh. Heaven ; —
rauza'i dozakh-bdr. A bright, flaming sword ;
— rauza'i rizwdn, The garden of Paradise ;
— rauza'i taiyiba, Muhammad's tomb in
Madinah ; — rauza'i firoza-rang, The sky ;
— rauza'i mdhi muharram, A funeral speech
in the Muharram celebration.

<u i} rauza-khwan, A eulogist of, or
one who prays over, the dead.

*s#j &*jy rauza-rang, Of a green colour.

a raut (v.n.), Fleeing unto the hills
(a wild beast) ; (for P. rud) a river.

a £«y rau' (v.n.), Fearing; terror; terri-
fying ; astonishing ; — ru', The heart (as
seat of fear) ; understanding, intellect.

a rau' at (v.n. of gjj), Dread, terror,
fear.

a tj) raugh, o^jj mwaghdn (v.n.), Lying
in wait for a fox (a man) ; stealing away
(as a fox) ; inclining to ; turning towards ;
seeking a pretext.

ta rugk, An eructation, a belch.

i^)) raugAan, Oil ; butter ; clarified but-
ter, ghee ; fat, grease ; — raugAan an kAdk
(reg, sang, kadu'i khushk) kashidan, raughan
at reg giriftan, To pretend to produce a thing
from whence it cannot be got; — raughan
ba-khwud zadan, To prepare for work
(taken from the practice of wrestlers) ; —
raughan ba-rang rekhtan, To talk idly ; —
raughan ba-reg rekhtan, To entrust a work
to an indolent or incapable person ; — rau-
g£ani balasdn, Balsam ; — raughani bid-
anjlr, Castor oil; — raugkanitalkh, Common

( 696 )

oil, expressed from rape or mustard seed;
— raughani khdlis, Pure butter ; — rau-
ghani k]iwud, One's religious opinions; —
raughani Jchwush, Sesame-oil ; — raughan
dddan (zadan), To anoint with oil, &c. ; to
pour out oil; — raughani ddgh, Melted
butter ; — raughani zard, Butter ; — rau-
ghani xait, Olive oil ; — raughani stida,
Melted butter ; — raughani sate, Oil of roses,
or other odoriferous plants ; — raughani
sutur, Animal grease ; — raughani siydh,
Oil ; — raughani qaz, Hemp-oil ; — raughani
kadu, (met.) Wine; — raughani kadu [qdx)
mdltdan, To soft-soap one with flattery ; —
raughani human, Oil for making the bow
flexible ; varnish (m.c.) ; — raughani kunjad,
Oil of sesame (a kind of grain) ; —raughani
gdv, Ghee ; — raughani guldb, Oil of roses ;
ambergris ; — raughani gosht, Pat of meat ; —
raughani misri, Oil of balsam ;— raughani
maghz, (Brain-oil) Intellect, judgment; —
raughani wezha, Clarified butter.

u-^jj roghnds, Madder.

uAjv (^>; raughan-jo»h, A fritter, any-
thing fried in oil or butter.

yijy raughan-ddr, (Meat) dressed
with oil ; fed with oil (as a lamp).

C^^JD raughandan, An oil- bottle ; an
unguent- box.

***J raughan-rafta, (Whose oil is

spent) One whose years and prosperity are
ended.

fc)V) (^jy raughan-zabdn, Oily-tongued.
d)^D rawjhan-tsabam, Cajolery.

l^jj* raughan-farosh, A vender of

oil ; a seller of buUer.

i^i (jjiy raughan-kada, An oil-mill.

j^**}) raughangar, A butter-maker or
seller ; an oil-presser.

if/o^)) raughangari, Oil-making.

u^jy raughani, A kind of sweetmeat
dressed with butter ; anything fried in
butter ; greasy, oily ; an oil-presser ; a
seller of butter.

ths-^ tavghantn, Fried in butter.

raughanina, Bread baked with

butter.

a <~iy rauf (v.n.), Resting ; — ra'uf, Mer-
ciful, benign ; God.

<Jjy ruf, (in Samarkand) Seed of flea-
wort.

u~*jy rufi&, Name of a Greek sage (Or-
pheus?).

y^Ujj ruf&nidan, To clean the teeth.

tf^i) ruftan, To Bweep, to wipe, to rub.
ra-farakh, Of an open countenance ;
bright, resplendent.

a rauq (v.n.), Being clear, bright
(wine) ; giving pleasure, striking with
admiration ; sincere friendship ; the flower
of youth ; the first or best part of any-
thing ; design, purpose ; a veil, a curtain ;
a portico ; a hunter's lurking-place ; the
horn of an ox or sheep ; a body, a carcase ;

substitute, equivalent ; — ruq (pi. of rauq),
Porticoes ; — rawaq, The projection of the
front upper beyond the under teeth.

jVSjj rftkdz, A public exhibition of a thief
or other criminal in the streets and market-
places.

u*>£y raulcash, The world ; time, age ,—
rukash, Anything whose exterior and inte-
rior differ.

)) ru-ydh, The upper or best side of a
garment ; the frontispiece or the preface of
a took ; the hem of a garment ; a leader.

<^ ,i T' 2) ru-garddn, Face-averted, dis-
obedient ; one who renounces (m.c.) ; a
garment or stuff which can be worn either
side.

<J^fi JJ ru-garddni, Desertion.

yxJtdjf }) ru-garddnidan, To desert.

I»y raum, The bdellium -tree ; — rom (S.
rdma), Soft hair on all parts of the body,
body -pile ; — rum (for ruyi man), My face
(m.c, see under %).

a (»;; raum (v.n.), Seeking, anxiously
desiring ; moving clandestinely ; — raum,
rum, The lobe of the ear ; — riim, Name of
the son of 'Is, son of Ishaq ; also of the
people who descend from him ; Greece ;
Rome, the Roman Empire; Roumelia;
Turkey ;~bilddi rum, The cities, kingdoms,
or empire of Greece, or of Europe in
general.

JU )y ru-mdl, (Wiping the face) A
handkerchief, towel, napkin, sudary ; — ru-
mali siydh, A black veil to cover the eyes.

rumdli, A kind of pigeon ; a mode
of exercising the arms, by turning the
mugdars (clubs used as dumb-bells) over
the head; a sodomite; a handkerchief
worn about the head.

a rumdn, Name of a city in Tabari-
stan ; also of a quarter in Ray ; also of a
village near Aleppo ; name of an angel
keeping guard over graves.

a i^-j) rumdm, Of a ruby- colour.

fj^i) rumd'i, Roman.

^-j) romnd, (in Zand) A pomegranate.

a rum-sdldr, The commander of

the Greeks.

roma, Hair about the pubes, or
body; Rome (m.c).

rumi, Roman, Greek, Turkish; a
kind of garment ; red colour ; — rumi U
zangl, Greek and Ethiopian, (met.) night
and day.

a (j*}) rumi, Greek ; the sail of an empty
ship.

r-dmiydn (pi. of rami), Romans;

Greeks.

rumiydna, Grecian, Greek fashion.
O^V- rumi-hachagdn, Tears.
a rumiyat, rumiya, The city of

Rome.

^f- rumi-khoy, Pickle, like a Greek.
Oj rumi nani ra'nd, The sun.

r*> ( 597

rumina, Polished, cleaned, bright-
ened.

<V*-y rumiya, Name of a city which Nu-
shirwan is said to have built on the shores
of the Greek Sea, on the model of Antio-
ehia, a year's journey distant from Constan-
tinople; Rome; Roumania (m.c). (See
A. &* J; ).

a (v>jy raun, Adversity, rigour, severity.

Oj; run, Cause reason ; [runi an, On this
account ; for this reason ;] — rawan, Trial,
proof ; — ron, Name of an Indian town ;
the river Eh&ne (m.c. from Fr.).

{j&i) ronde, Madder, a red-dyeing
root.

rawanj, riwanj, Sheep's chitterlings
stuffed with meat and rice.

fry rawanjo, A wood- worm.

a riwand, Ehubarb.

O&u^ rawandagdn (pi. of rawanda), Tra-
vellers, &c. ; — rawandagdni 'dlam, The
planets.

cs^jy rawandagi, Rapidity of motion.

*•»»■>} runda, Fluid, liquid ; thin, soft ;
grain fried, and ground with a hand-mill ;
— rawanda, A goer, traveller, passenger ; a
runner, messenger ; prepared to go ; a
custom-house permit; — dyanda v. rawanda.
The comer and goer, travellers.

a riwandi, A seller of rhubarb.

a. raunaq, Beauty, elegance, grace,
splendour, brightness, ornament (construed
with the verbs burdan, dadan, ddshtan,
shikastan, giriftan) ; — raunaqi saif, The
glittering surface of a sword.

a y:%s\ |jj<y raunaq^angets, Splendour-dis-
playing.

a Udc. rawmq-baMishd, Dispenser of
splendour, &c.

a isf raunaq-garl, Beauty, splen-
dour, brightness.

ru-namd, Showing the face, appear-
ing ; a present made to a bride when she
unveils herself (in this meaning also
u^* i D ru-nama't).

ij)) roni, Native of Ron in India (sur-
name of the poet Abu. '1-faraj).

u"W*^ roniyds, Madder.

j\? » ru-wdz (for ru-bdz), Unveiled (m.c),
open in front ; open (a carriage).

2) ™ usd-ru, Face to face (see ^ jj).

a y.jjy ru'us (pi. of rds), Heads, chiefs,
&c.

A Ujjy ra'uf, = ra'uf, q.v.

ruh, Good behaviour, purity, sanc-
tity.

t)W*j> ruhbdn, A monk, ascetic, devotee
(lit. an observer of good behaviour, &c).

rohan, rohind, The finest In-

dian steel, of which the most excellent
swords are made ; also the swords made of
that steel.

sjoa^j ruhanda, A flourishing, thriving
crop.

)

(j**^ rohini, rohind, W~s*jy rohlniyd,

= V*» q.T.

^jy rawi, A journey, progress ; — ruy,
The face, air, mien, aspect, countenance ;
the cheek ; surface, appearance, semblance ;
edge (of a sword); hypocrisy; doubt;
hope ; investigation, or incitement to make
inquiry ; path, way ; cause, reason ; [ruy
az dhan (sang) ddrad, He is brazen-faced,
he has lost all shame ; — ruyi dn na-ddsht.
He had not the face for that, he durst not
do it ; — ruy dwardan, To turn the face to-
wards ; to make for ; — ruyi ahinl (dhinin),
A helmet covering the face ; — ruy baz-guna
ddehtan, To stray from the right road, to
deviate ; — ruy ba-jang dwardan, To wage
war ; — ruy bar kjidk guzdshtan (malidari), To
show utter weakness and depression ; — ruy
burdan, To turn oneself, to look behind ; —
ruy bar namln anddkhtan (mdlldan), To
treat with contempt ; — ruyi baqd, Solid,
steady ; health, soundness ; the path of
blessedness ; — ruy ba-ham kaiMdan, To
frown ; — ruyi pay, The face of the foot,
i.e. the upper part ; the lower part or
hollow of the hand ; — ruy tdbidan, To frown ;
— ruyi tukhm niehistan, To brood (hen) ; —
riiyi taraddud, Irresolution ; — ruyi tarkaeh,
A ready answer or speech ; — ruyi tdza dash-
tan, To be considered, esteemed ; — ruy tdf-
tan (turush hardan, talkjk kardan), To
frown at, to be vexed with ; — ruyi ta'druf,
The power of discovering hidden things ; —
riiyi tang, Ashamed face; — ruyi tang dash-
tan, (met.) To undertake anything diffi-
cult ; — ruyi jang na-didan, To wage war
under a disadvantage; — ruyi khdnddn, A
most illustrious house ; — ruy dadan, To
appear, happen, occur ; — ruy ddshtan, To
be ashamed ; to be perplexed ; to dare ; to
support, to sustain ; to regard, esteem ;
to tend towards; — ruy dar diwar dwardan.
To hide oneself, to abscond ; — ruy dar
nuqsdn guzdshtan, To be diminished ; — ruy
dar ham kashidan, To frown ; — ruyi dast,
A certain manoeuvre in wrestling ; the
back of the hand ; cunning, stratagem ; a
box on the ear ; — ruyi dil didan, To receive
kindness, favour, or consideration ; — ruyi
dil kuehddan, To open the heart; — ruyi dil
namudan, To be generous, liberal ; to con-
sole ; to favour ; — ruy didan, To favour,
be partial to ; — ray raftan, To go towards,
to enter (m.c.) ; — riiyi «amtn, Surface of the
ground; — ruy fird-ham dwardan (kardan),
To succeed, to come off well ; — r-ity farmu-
dan, To put to shame; — riiyi fuldn saped
(eafed), May his face be bright, may he be
fortunate (a proverbial formula of ap-
proval, &c. opp. to :) — ruyi fuldn eiydh, A
curse upon him ! — riiyi fuldn Mr mat, It is
of no use, it is not convenient ; — ruyi kdr,
The front ; the outer and better side of a
stuff (opp. to jpushti kdr, The back side) ;

ow ( 598 ) ^

near j — -ruy leardan, To turn the face or
attention ; — ruyi kamdn, The face of a bow,
that part farthest from the archer when he
shoots ; — ruy garddnidan, To turn from
with aversion ; to frown at ; — ruy giriftan,
To frown ; to cover one's face in shame ;
to occupy ; to grant one's request ; to pro-
tect; to silence; — ruyi gul-gun, A rosy
complexion; — ruy mandan, To turn to-
wards ; — ruyi ndzih, Ashamed ; — rUyi nasli
ddam, The noblest of men ; prophets ; rest,
repose ; — ruy namudan, To happen, come to
pass ; to occur to the mind ; to show the
road ; — ruy nihddan, To turn towards, to
make for; — ruyi ham rafta, Taken all toge-
ther (m.c.) ; — az ruy, On account of, accord-
ing to, by way of ; — am ruyi hisdh, According
to computation ; — az ruyi zahir, As it is
evident ; — az hioh ruy, On no account, by no
means ; — az chi ruy, On what account ? —
ba-ruyi yakdigarbirun dmadan,To come forth
against one another (in battle) ; — bar ruyi
Mr amadan, To become manifest or public ;
— dar ruyi aftdb, Exposed or opposite to
the sun ; — zi ruy, — az ruy above ; — zi rilyi
adab, As it behoves, decorously ;] — roy,
Brass ; — royi sufr, Name of a mixed metal.

a rawi, The last letter of a distich,
in which all the verses in the same poem
terminate ; a cloud pouring forth rain in
large drops ; a full draught.

^2> foya, Growing ; anything which grows.

a ru'ya', ruyd, A vision, dream ; —
riiya dldam, To dream.

lSA>^A> ruy-d-ruy, Face to face.

■*)*\ is)) ruy-andud, With painted face.

jV 1 ** <-5A> ruy-ba-diw&r, Perplexed; as-
tounded.

©•^s^jy royanldan, To cause to grow ; to
produce, bring forth ; to excite, stimulate.

Jbi * <3» ruy-band, A lady's veil.

utJU- ^ ruy-Tchdh, With a dust-covered
face.

<J>fi ^ ruy-posh, A lady's veil ; gilded,
plated ; any thing whose inside and outside
differ.

a hj) ru'yat (v.n. of Seeing ; know-

lege, opinion ; sight, vision ; — rawiyat.
Careful consideration of anything.

a "^jy ruwaid-an, rwwaidd, Slowly, by
degrees ; gently ! softly !

•tfj tgjy ruy-ddd, Occurrence, accident ; a
statement of facts.

cS>^ J «JJ ruy-ddri, fiegard, countenance.

j^JJj'J tgjj ruy-dar-diwdr, Absentment ;
departure.

cs—J ruy-dasi, A trick in wrestling.

Jj (jyy ruy-dil, Affable, smiling.
rawidan, To go, travel, walk.

jjjj raunz, Opinion ; — rawizi glidlib, The
prevailing opinion.

jjj tsj; ruy-mrd, Pale-faced, ashamed.

LS ^ r * cSJJ r&y-eujeki, A liniment for ting-
ing the hair and eye-brows black.

^jy roy-sulthta, Antimony (see

(ji-iy ruy ash, His, her, or its face (see ^
rush).

tei\it» ^gjy ruy-ghinakkta, (j»Vi6« ruy-
shinds, Conspicuous, respectable.

a L,U*. ruy-shindsdn, Acquaintances.

AiJw^ rawishand, (in Zand and Pazand),
A shield ; the head.

*>j* yjj) ruyshuya, A wash or cosmetic
lotion for the face.

) s <3)> r °y9 ar , A coppersmith, brazier.

O^J* (SV ruy.garddn, — }} °r T -

csAsm roygari, The craft of a brazier ; —
roy gar 1 kardan To exercise this craft.

JWjj ruy-mdl, Wiping the face ; a hand-
kerchief, napkin, sudary.

jWjy roy-ndz, o-Wjy roy-nds, Madder.

cKw foyan, Madder; — royin, Brazen.

Us ^gjy ruy-namd, = Wiy q.v.

4 -^Jjj royanda, G-rowing ; what grows.

«s&*y royang, Madder.

roy-nih, royina, A tinman, tinker ;
one who tins brass pots ; anything made
of or overlaid with brass ; a red dye ; —
ruy-nih, A veil for the face.

ruywdna, A veil, a curtain.
rawiya (from raftan), Custom,
fashion, institution, law, rule ; behaviour ;
— ruya, Pacing, towards; \_du~ruyd, Double-
faced ; double-edged ; — yak-ruya, Single-
faced ;] — roya, Brass, tin.

0 Sjlj?j_j ro'idagl, Vegetation, growth.
ro'idan, To grow, increase.

sl&Xjfj) ro'idan-gdh, A place of growth.

(^yjLfjjj ro'idani, Whatever grows ; vege-
tables.

sjuJjj ro'ida, Grown up, produced.

J-Sjj ru'il, Name of the son of Jacob from
Joseph's mother.

(^^j royln, Brazen ; bell-metal ; red, of
a red tincture, paint used for the face ;
name of Faridiin ; of a champion of Iran;
of a son of Af riisyab ; of the son of Piran
Wisa; also of a country; — ndla'i royini
khusruwdni, The blast of the imperial
trumpets.

0**y roym-tan, (Brazen-body) Name
of Isfandyar; displaced, dismissed; the
stomach.

ls** <&*>■}} royin-tani, Dismissal, abdica-
tion.

roym-chang. Brazen- clawed.

(•*■ royin-Jehum, A brazen drum.

j d <J^-)) royln-dizh, A brazen drum ; name
of a fortress.

jU roym-edz, A coppersmith.

f>~> ijoJj) royin-eum, Brazen-hoofed.

&J ^-)j royina, Brazen ; a brazier.

^ 4*^1^ royina-tan, (Brazen body) Name
of Isfandyar ; the stomach.

&A^>jy roylna-lckwni, A brazen drum.

fr+ iUjOjj royina-Bum, A brazen hoof;
brazen-hoofed.

( 599 )

ka>,

&isiju foyina-mal, A noise •with the
mouth ; a fart.
tj^ royina-ndy, A brazen trumpet,
«j rah, A road ; law, rule, custom ; time,
turn ; a whole, total ; melody ; intellect,
genius ; (imper. of rastari) escape thou ;
[rah vftddan, To attack, rob, plunder ; to
befal; to set out (m.c.) ; — rah burdan, To
find the road; — rahi jama-dardn, Name of
one of the notes of the lute (perhaps very
thrilling or doleful) ; — rahi haw an rafian,
To go the way of, or to choose poverty ; —
eiyum rah, For the third time ;] — ruh, A
religious life, sanctity.

rahd, Liberation, escape ; liberated ; —
rahd dddan, To release, to dismiss ; — rahd
kardan, To set free, discbarge, dismiss, quit,
leave, discard, abandon ; to concede, com-
mit; — rahd yaftan, To escape, to be pre-
served.

a rahd', Wide (plain) ; — rihd,' Con-
duits, aqueducts; — ruha', raha', Name of
Edessa.

rahdd, A water-course ; a traveller ;
a note in music.

yjVfiij rahddan, To set free.

a. tVfc) rihdt, Household furniture.

a j»U) rahdm, Lean flocks ; — rihdm,
Gentle and continuous rains ; — ruhdm, A
bird not given to hunting, timid ; a large
number.

f»l*j ruhdm, Name of a son of Gudarz,
one of the twelve champions.

A a^ 6 ; rihdn (v.n. 3 of i^j), Betting at a
horse-race; (pi. of rahn) pawns, pledges;
— aiydmu 'r-rihdn, The days on which the
Arabs instituted horse-races.

Sj rah-anjdm, A complete travelling-
apparatus ; a horse ; a courier, messenger ;
— rah-anjdmi rufydni, The animal whereon
Muhammad is said to have ridden to heaven
on the night of rni'rdj ; a quiet, tranquil
soul.

rahdndan, e-M^j rahdmdan, To
set at liberty, let out of the hand (a horse
or bird) ; to snatch away.

j&j rahdv (for rah-ab), A traveller by
water ; an aqueduct, a canal ; (for rahawl) ,
A note in music.

j)\ *j rah-dwar, A traveller ; also rah-
award, An elegant present (brought on re-
turning from a journey) ; direction.

a ts^fcj rahawl, ruha.wi, Of the city of
rvhd' (Edessa) ; name of a note in music.

rahdyieh, Freedom, escape, libera-
tion,

(jflfej rakat, Dismission, liberation, de-
liverance; divorce; acquittal, discharge;
freedom, release, escape, relief ; — rahd'l
dddan, To give liberty or escape, to release ;
— rahd'l yaftan, To obtain deliverance, to
escape.

yi*; rahd'i-iaiksh, Giver of li-

berty.

W ^ft*> raha'i-jd, A place of escape o r
deliverance, a refuge.

a s-*> rahb, The sharp point of a spear or
arrow ; a lean she-camel ; — ruhb (v.n.),
Fearing ; fear, terror; — rahab, A sleeve.

y Ufc, rahbdn, One who guards the way ; —
ruhbdn, Pious (said to be derived from ruh,
Sanctity, and ban, Keeper, but probably
identical with the following.

a yW*>; ruhbdn, A monk ; (pi. of rdhib)
Monks, Christian priests.

(SJU yUAj ruhb an- Jch ana, A monastery.

a "MW*; rahbdnlyat, ruhbdniyai, A monas-
tic life, monkery, monkish practices, such
as self -castration, wearing of chains round
the neck, or putting on of sackcloth ; — Id
rahbdnlyata fi 'l-isldm, There is no monas-
ticism in Islam (a celebrated saying of
Muhammad's;.

A rahbat (v.n. of s-*;), Fearing;
fear, terror ; monachism.

rah-bar, A way -guide, escort ; de-
monstration, proof; — lashkari zafar-rahbar,
A victorious army, an army guided to
victory.

tSj**J ruh-bari, Guidance, direction, lead-
ing; argumentative; — rahbari kardan, To
guide.

U-o Sj rah-paima, Who measures the road,
a traveller.

*■*>}» rah-tosha, Road-provision.

a jj&j rahj, rahaj, Dust; tumult; rainless
clouds.

jU/ij rah-ddr, Toll-collector; highway,
man.

rah-rav, A traveller ; follower ; sec-
tary.

ytjjjSj rah-rawdti (p!. of rah-rav), Travel-
lers ; — rah-rawdni anal, Religious students ;
rah-rawdni rahi akjiirat, Travellers in the
right road to heaven ; — rah-rawdni sahar,
Those who watch and pray during the
night ; — rah-rawdni tariqat, Followers of
any order; the four elements; — rah-rawdni
gardiin, The planets.

lSA) b rah-ram, Gait, march, pace, walk.

a y>j rahz, (^y>j rahandn (v.n. of >*j),
Moving oneself, wriggling; motion, agita-
tion.

oyfcj rah-zan, A highway-robber.

^Jj&j rah-zani, Highway-robbery; — rah-
zani kardan, To rob on the highway.

a (j-A; raJis (v.n.), trampling, treading
violently under foot.

sU, 8j rah-shdh, A main road, royal road.

<s«£A) rahsha, Sesame-flour mixed up with
honey and milk.

u-iAj rahshi, Sesame- meal.

a (jai, rahs (v.n.), Pressing, squeezing ;
being worn out (hoof) ; dunning continu-
ally ; hastening ; — rihs, The lowest row of
stones in a wall ; a root ; a foundation ;
mud or clay for building a wall.

a U>; raht A number of men (without

Ul*j ( 600 ) li;

women) below ten or from three to ten ; a
kind of petticoat of leather reaching to the
knees and slashed at the sides for conve-
niency of walking, -which is worn by girls
and menstruous women.

A <^4*j rahf (v.n.), Whetting (a sword) ;
-—rahaf (v.n.), Being thin.

A rahaq (v.n.), Approaching, follow-
ing, entering, being near; settling of the
dust upon anything ; indulging in lawless
and wicked deeds ; iniquity, oppression ;
folly, jgnorance.

Sj rah-kushdy, Opening a road.

^i£i>, rah-guzar, A pass, passage, road,
the meeting of two or more roads ; a tra-
veller ; a guard, patrole, watch.

rah-gnzar, A traveller ; an accident,

event.

tSj^*> rah-guzarl, A pass, a passage ; a
meeting of two or more roads.

^AS *> rah-gu»My .Name of the 17th day
of the month according to the rora of Yaz-
dagird.

^sjf S) rak-goy, rah-guy, A singer, musi-
cian.

f$ h Tah-glr, A traveller.

a Jiy rahal, Shaking, being loose and
flabby (flesh) ; swelling, being inflated
(without disease).

a ^J>) rahn, Pledging, giving in pawn,
depositing ; a plege, a pawn.

a g"^**; rahnamaj, P. rah-ndwia, A ma-
riner s chart; a road-book.

y^At 8j rah-nishin, A wayside beggar ; a
houseless traveller; a postman, courier ; a
highway-robber ; a toll-collector.

U-sAj rah-namd, A guide, pilot, escort ; —
rah-namayi lashhar, An army-guide; — M
rah-namd, Without a guide. (See S;
CjUi p. 220, for which read 5 J ij>

bi-rah-namun.)

^LmA) rah-namdy, A road-guide.

(jfWi*) rah-nama'l, Conduct, guidance.

yj^jjs, rah-narmm, A guide, pilot, escort,

,^ij*i<6j rah-namunl, Guidance, escort.

j^y s, rah-naward, A fleet horse ; swift of
foot (man or beast) ; any person or thing
which rolls along the road ; a traveller ; a
beggar.

a. y*> rahw (v.n.), Going softly ; with the
feet wide apart ; settled, quiet, calm ; high
ground ; low ground in which water col-
lects ; a street ; a woman with wide parts ;
a crane (bird).

y*> ruhu, Custom, rite, law, institute;
trace, mark, vestige ; some dark appearance
in the distance ; — ruhu, rahu, Name of a
mountain in Ceylon, upon which Adam is
said to have alighted when turned out of
Paradise.

_^y*j rahwdr, A swift, ambling horse ; a
traveller; — samandi rahwdr, A swift horse.

iS^jbj rahwdrl, The easy pace of a
horse.

A rahwat, High ground ; low ground
where water collects ; a gutter, kennel,
water-course.

A>*j rahiuar, A traveller; an easy-going
nag (see^j).

A yyfcj ruhun (v.n, of y*j), Being firm,
fixed, lasting ; (pi. of rahn) Pledges,
pawns,

(j*; rahi, A traveller ; a slave ; this per-
son (i.e. the person speaking or writing).

v»W*> rah-ydb, One who discovers a way
or a new mode of doing anything.

y**A> rahidan, To escape, be liberated.

S -Vfc) rahida, Dismissed, set free, escaping.

a rahin, Pledged, pawned, given as
a hostage; a pledge; (met.) dependent,
subject; dependence; connexion; (pi. of
rahn) pledges ; — rahin dddan, To pawn ; —
rahin giriftan, To take a pledge.

A &-i>j rahinat, Anything given in pledge.
ray, The capital of Persian Irak;
name of one of the' two founders of that
city. (SeejV,.)

ray, (in the language of the Franks)
King (comp. Fr. roi).

a raiy (v.n. of <j:jy), Watering, sprin-
kling, drawing water, presenting it or drink-
ing to a friend ; satisfying thirst ; being
green and succulent (vegetation).

A riyd' (v.n. 3 of ^j), Acting with
dissimulation ; hypocrisy, subterfuge, eva-
sion ; affectation.

A v^j raiydb, Alarming, fearful, inaus-
picious.

A ri'dt (pi. of ri'at), The lungs.

A tWj ray df;., Wine ; afternoon, evening ;
— riyah (pi. of rlh), Winds; odours; name
of the father of a tribe ; — riydhi taiydri,
Eheumatism, rheumatics ; — riydhi taiyan'i
aheha, Intestinal colics.

a riydhin (pi. of rayhdn), Odorife-

rous herbs. „

A ri'dsat, riydsat (v.n. of u*\j),

Governing, ruling ; government, dominion,
sway, command ; — riydsat kardan, To go-
vern, to rule, to reign.

a yA^ij riydz (v.n. of Training or

breaking in (a colt) ; (pi. of rauzat ; in P.
also used as sing.), Gardens, meadows; —
rashki riydzi iram. The envy of the garden
of Iram.

a uyUVjj riydzat (pi. of the following),
Exercises, &c.

a i^tj riydzat (v.n. of y*};), Breaking in
(a colt); hardship; — riydzat leashidan, To
suffer hardships ; — ahli riydzat, Abstemious,
austere.

o-4Uj riydzat-kesh, Ascetical, sober,
li-ilS) riydzat-ydfta, Trained, broke
in ; — riydzat-na-yafta, Not broke in, un-
trained.

a ^s^; riydzati, One who exercises him-
self, an active and industrious person; a
devotee, an ascetic.

^ ( 601 ) jij

a (j^i) riyazi, fern, ^n-*^ riyaziyat, riyd-
nya, Disciplinary ; mathematical ; exact
(sciences) ; — 'ulumi {funiini} riydziya, Ma-
thematics, the exact sciences.

riyazi-ddm, A mathematician.

a. riydfat. The art of discovering
wells or water-sources.

jtfVjj riyd-kar, A hypocrite.

i (jkj raiydn, One whose thirst is
quenched; fresh, full of juice; florid,
flourishing.

a Jk) riyd'i, A hypocrite, sophist.

a s-ij raib (v.n.), Doubting, suspecting ;
doubt, suspicion, scandal; adverse fortune ;
danger; — raibu 'l-munun, Calamities, ad-
versities ;— bi raib u riya, Without dissimu-
lation and hypocrisy; undisguised; — wa-
ra&ta'i raib u ishk&l, Indubitable, beyond
the possibility of doubt.

a e^; rtbaj, and —

reto, A sour herb, sorrel, rha-

pontic.
A JW»j ri'bal, A lion.

A ribat (v.n. of ^j), Offending,
scandalizing ; doubt ;' suspicion ; what pro-
duces suspicion.

rciiiad, Name of a plain celebrated
as the scene of the combat of the twelve
champions (see duwdzda rukh under fcj),

A #, rPat, The lungs ; — zatn 'r-ri'at, An
inflammation of the lungs, peripneumony.

uHj rait, Life.

jjbfy ritdnaj, Resin.

rita (S. rlfha), The dyeing fruit of
an Indian tree.

gj^j rltiydnaj, A kind of sea-crab.

a li-ij mis (v.n.), Delaying, hesitating ;
quantity, measure ; name of the father of
a tribe ; — raiyis, Slow, delaying, tardy.

fey r'ichdr, J^ify richM, aJt^y rlehala, A
confection, electuary, preserved fruits;
anything made from sheep's milk.

a Cij rift (v.n.), Being windy (the day) ;
wind; odour; victory, superiority, power;
pity, compassion; happiness, prosperity;
anything pure ; a windy day ; — rihi janubi,
The south wind ; — rihi taiyiba, Fragrance.

a <$\*i) raihdn, The support of life ; a
son, offspring ; a blade (of corn, the stalk
being called 'asf) ; sweet basil ; any odori-
ferous herb; — raihdni tatdri, Handsome,
well-looking ; — raihdni dwwud, Chickweed ;
—raihdni Hard, The sun's rays; — raihdni
sabis, Common sweet basil ; — raihdni TiUM,
White basil.

a. &Wj raihanai, A handful of basil.

a l J'&) rihanl, A monumental kind of
writing similar to Cufic ; a kind of emerald.

a Se^ rihat, Wind.

a <j^.} rihi, Windy, flatulent.

a#j raihh (T.n.), Being loose, remiss,
relaxed, fatigued; straddling; having a
prolapsus ani ; prolapsus ani.

rt&A, Thin excrement in a diarrhcea ;
— rtJih zadan, To have liquid stools,

rekhbin, A dark-coloured acid pre-
paration of sheep's milk and flour ; dry
grass ; the Euphrates (the last two mean-
ings doubtful).
0 Sjj=^j rekjitagi, Effusion.

rtJshtim, A terrace (upon a roof) ; a
dam or dyke.

re&ktan (S. rich), To pour, infuse,
diffuse ; to cast, melt ; to scatter, disperse,
break in pieces ; to flow ; to fall, drop ; to
throw oneself down (m.c.) ; to lay out in
pieces (as meat, m.c); — refchtani bahar,
Spring is coming to an end; — hartari (bar
sari) lease reTsklan, To fall upon ;—firo-
rej&tan, To pour out ; to scatter.

V)«J rejsMangahi $b dar dor.

y&, An estuary, frith, mouth of a river.

rekfitani, A scattering, dispersion ;
capable of being poured in or injected ;
anything thrown about on festive occasions
(as money, flowers, &c).

i 1 *^ rekhta, Poured ; spilled ; a mess
made by spilling anything (m.c); cast or
founded; scattered; a syrup or medicinal
preparation from sugar ; an egg beat and
Tried; mortar, plaster; a stone-house;
easily understood (as a verse or a mean-
ing) ; — an ham refchta ehudan, To be sepa-
rated (m.c.) ; — mbdni rekMa, A mixed lan-
guage, a gibberish ; name given to the
Hindustani language.

jSiafcj rethtagar, A nielter of brass or
copper, one who makes any kind of fusile
works.

refsMagari, The art of casting

metals.

j&j rehhar, The bezoar-stone.

Hkhin, Troubled with diarrhoea,

loose.

riihis. A plough-tail ; a plough-share.

«s3j<i raidak, rldak, A servant boy ; a
beardless youth ; name of a man,

g&\>j ridakan (pi. of the preceding), Lads.

a^ij rtdan, To ease nature, to stool; to
be stupefied.

a-ty rtda, Excrements.

yjiiAij rid'idan, To be dispersed, to dis-
appear, to vanish (unsupported by ex-
amples).

yj) rez, An egg beat together ; bruised
small, minute ; a little boy ; a cheesecake
made with yolks of eggs and saffron ; any-
thing fusile or friable ; a small thing,
crumbled or reduced to powder; affluence,
wealth ; a cup, goblet, bowl ; will, desire,
concupiscence; a drop left at the bottom
of a cup ; mercy ; (in comp. from re/cMan,
or rezidan) pouring, scattering, as jawahir*
res, Scattering jewels.

V)jj rezd, = 0% q.v.

w^jjj rexdb. Dirty water that rung off
from baths, wash-houses, &c.

)0

( 602 )

rain-
casting ;

(jjtyj rez/ln, Scattering, pouring
ing (cloud or sky) ; melting
poured, f usile ; conveniences, affluence
desire, wish ; — rezdn shudan, To be pour-
ing ; to be poured ; — bddi khizdn u sarsari
retdn, The autumnal wind, boisterous, and
scattering (the leaves of the trees).

Q-u\fo rexdndan, cj^ji) rezdnldan. To
pour.

yt) rett-bea, Some means, a small com-
petence.

)ij y.) rez-rez, Bit by bit ; drop by drop ;
overwhelming ; — rez-rez (riz-rlz) kardan,To
crumble; to tear in pieces (m.c).

U^Xj rezish, Fusion, pouring ; a flowing
in small quantities, a scattering ; a running
at the nose.

rlzjvn, The jujube ; a wooden shovel.

j^jSjij rezagl, A scrap, bit ; small coin (as
two-anna, four-anna, or eight- anna pieces).

jiffy rez-ma-rez (imp. and prohib. of
rekhtan), A lean, lank fellow ; a small kind
of cucumber.

C>W) rizan, Who breaks wind.

utHijij rezndk, Friable, crumbled, small.

C5 u jy rezndn, rezandn, Bar of a door.

JjSikS^ rezandagi, A copious effusion.

>* p y-i rez-U'bez, Trifles ; chips, scraps,
rubbish (see)*!)*)).

rezwar, Pounded, ground, reduced to
powder.

reza, Broken small j very minute
(animal, vegetable, or mineral) ; a crumb ;
an egg beaten up and fried ; a scrap, piece,
bit, orts; small coin; a prop (m.c); a
kind of cock ; children employed in mason-
work, and who receive one-half, or a third,
of a man's pay ; the young of any animal
(as pil-reza, A young elephant) ; — rena'i
svmin, The stars ; — reza shudan, To be bro-
ken or pounded small ; — reza'i tu'ma, A
scrap of food ; — reza'i qalam, The shavings
of a pen ; — reza Icardan, To break in pieces ;
— reza'i miqrdz, A little fragment falling
off in cutting with scissors ; — reza'i nan, A
bread-crumb.

a U. 5jjj rem-khat, Fine-striped, thin-
lined.

^J\yt. reza- Mwtim, A fine speech ;
accomplished singing.

jft- Sjtj reza-££p>ur, An eater of fragments
or orts j a gleaner.

o^r* *)i> reza-sard'i, = ^y*- q.v.

y>,j Sjij reza-rez, *j3j reza-reza, Scraps,
pieces ; in bits.

*o>jS" lijij Sjjj reza-rem karda, Broken in
Bmall pieces.

j\S gji, reza-kar, Neat, nice ; shrewd,
clever.

reza-kdrl, Neatness, gracefulness,
elegance ; shrewdness, cleverness.

jjyjj rezi, An overflowing; mercy, cle-
mency ; — rezi bi-rez, Show mercy ; pour out
a draught.

V'V.jij rezidan, To be dissolved, broken in
pieces; to be scattered, bruised, melted;
to pour, diffuse, scatter; to rot; to be
wearied, disgusted.

rezida, Dispersed, melted; fallen
in pieces ; rotten ; displeased ; the herb
cyprus.

<^iytj rezln, Most minute.

ji> rizh, rezh, Desire, concupiscence ; hilly
ground.

dj>) rizhah, Transgression; a slip, fall.
a tj~ij rais (v.n.), Walking proudly;
holding fast ; overcoming ; being raised
above others, being placed at the head of
people ; — ra'is, A head, chief, principal,
president, commander; the captain of a
ship; a pilot; — ra'isi ihtisab, Chief of the
police ; — ra'isi wuzard, Prime minister.

res, rls, (in comp.) Spinning ; scatter,
ing; one who uses diligence; a design, a
pattern for embroidery; thick broth; a
vaulted edifice of Khusraw Parwez ; — ri»,
Anger, force, violence ; buzzing.

Wj read, Spinning; sighing, lamenting,
a***^) reeanidan, To excite to diligence ;
to make spin.

restan, ristan, To spin, to twist ; —
ristan, To buzz ; to use diligence; to scat,
ter ; to weep, to mourn for the dead ; to
sigh ; to descend (into a well or the sea) ;
to evacuate faces.

ylt—jj resmdn, ri&mdn, A rope, thread,
twine, string, cord ; cotton ; — resmdn ba-
rd'i kase tdbidan, To meditate one's ruin ; —
resmdn biidani dnrndn dar chaskm, To lack
discrimination ; — resmdn pdra kardan, To
recover from a severe illness ; — resmdn
tdftan, To twist a rope ; (met.) to medi-
tate mischief, to plan one's ruin ; — resmdn
khwnrdan, To make short; — resmdn dddan,
To cause to fly or run ; — resmdn dirdz kar-
dan, To allow one time ; — resmdn digaran
pamba kardan, To undergo trouble for
others without obtaining one's own wish;
— resmdni kishti, A cable, hawser; — 6a-
resmdn {dar resmdn) kashidan, To bring
into order .
jlj yU— jj resmdn-bdz, A rope-dancer.
yU— jy resmdn-bdzl, Rope-dancing.

!j resmdn-bdf, A rope-maker.
Jj reamtin-farosh, A cotton-

seller.

^U-j, resmdni, Of cotton.

aAiv»j^ resanda, A spinner.
rest, A sort of grape.

y.*,™}, residan, risidan, To spin, twist;
to cry aloud, lament; to be diligent; to
buzz ; to scatter ; to void excrement.

a raish (v.n.), Fitting and gluing
feathers (to arrows) ; putting one in good
circumstance, promoting one's interest,
feathering one's nest; giving food and
clothing; — risk, The feathers of a bird,
plumage; a wide garment; abundance of

( 603 )

means of life ; the beard ; — rlsh at dsiyd
taped kardan, (met.) To show oneself
stupid and inexperienced ; — rlsh ba-bdd
dddan, To have one's beard shorn off ;
— risk ha-dogk saped kardan, — rlsh az
dsiyd saped kardan (the idea in both being,
that the beard is to grow white by artificial
means, instead of old age which brings
wisdom) ; — risk khdridan, — rlsh kashldan
below ; — rlsh bar dwardan, To become
bearded ; —rishi buz, An oblong beard ;
goat's beard, a herb ; — rishi ehapar-bdf, A
thick and long beard (Bahari 'ajam says
"like a weaver's comb," but the explana-
tion of chapar-bdf, given in the same dic-
tionary, is " a ribbon or seam made with
the ehapar," for which latter see ^) ; —
rishi ehu gundam, A grizzly beard ; — rlsh
dar dasti kase dddan (ddshtan), To give
one's beard, i.e. to entrust one's affairs, to
anyone rishi qdzl, A linen strainer ; also
the comer of it trickling with wine ; — risk
hashidan (kandan), To labour in vain ; —
rishi gdv, The beard of a cow (a proverbial
saying when a man does anything mean,
as unworthy of his beard) ; the halter of a
cow ; a fool ; covetous, greedy ; — risk matd'
faroshad, The beard sells the goods, i.e. a
venerable aspect helps a cheat to sell his
worthless merchandize at a high price ; —
risk na-dashtan, To lack authority, con-
sideration, or dignity.

tr!> re *K A wound, sore, pimple, scar ;
pus, matter ; thick pottage made of bruised
wheat boiled to a consistency ; (in comp.)
wounded or wounding.

a JtA^-ij rishd'il, Having a long beard.

a M (jSjj rish-bdbd, A kind of grapes.
_ V- wH) rlsh-bacha, The beard under the
lips ; a small beard.

u^j) resh bar-dmada, Ulcerated.
uH> rish-buz, A goat's beard, or one
who has such (see rlshi-buz under A. u~!:;).

a)^ J >i ij-i) rish-pard&z, Who has his
beard well trimmed.

a rishat, A single feather.

a v^*i> rlsh-tdb, A curling beard.

i^—jj rishtan, To be diligent ; to buzz ;
to spin; to set at liberty, to absolve.

rlslita, Anything twisted (as a
match, candle-wick, linstock) ; slices of
paste put in soup, macaroni.

a i^ioj rlshcha, = <W. ySjj q.v.

■^^t-A-j) rish-khand, rlsh-khanda,
Adulation, flattery, fulsome compliments ;
ridicule ; hope, desire ; laughing, risible ;
a flatterer, a sycophant; an ass; — rish-
Jehand Jcardan, To ridicule, to deride.

^j.us-i.jj rish-khandi, Risibility ; a laugh-
ing-stock ; a proverbial saying when one
does a thing unworthy of his beard.

cslyt. (jtjj resh-khuk, Scrofula, king's evil.

\* yi^ rlsh-ddr, Growing a beard,
bearded.

j\~> resh-snz, A physician, surgeon.

u*>j; rish-safed, An old man, a grey-
beard ; a head, a chief.

jU*. yioj rish-siydh, A young man, black -
beard.

tf*' u*-j) resh-kan, Who has laboured in
vain, disappointed.

j^vH> rlsh-gdv, Stupid, stolid; greedy
(see rishi gdv under yJ-j; risK).

,«A>j resham, rlsham, Silk.

JU.&J) rleh-mdl, A contented cuckold.

JUAjj risk-mall, Cuckoldom.

yU-ii.}) rlshmdn, ^'UA^ rlshmdni, Silken.

^5**5) rishmi, <^<-*-**j rlshmlna, Silken.

usJLajj reshndk. Sore.

rishti (probably shortened from the
following), and —

rlshwar (rlshur), Bearded.

A-s-ij rlsha, A fringe ; threads suspended ;
a fibre ; stringiness of a mangoe ; the fibres
of the palm-tree ; a tendril ; the eye-lids ;
hair on the human body ; anything twisted
(a match, candle-wick, or linstock) ; the
parts of a tree which are under the ground ;
name of a disease (see also A. i^jj) ;
[wk't irsd, Eushgrass-root; — risha'i bahd
adam, Burdock-root; — risha'i banafsha,
Orris-root ; — risha'i jam, G-alangal ; —
risha'i kl^azdal, Horse-radish ; — risha'i
dastdr, The sash of a turban; — risha'i
subhdnlya, A monk's cowl; — risha'i ndkhun.
The root of a nail ;] — resha, rlsha, A wound;
— resha bastan (band kardan), To bandage
a wound ; — resha davidndan (randan, kar-
dan), To wound, to inflict a wound.

<u<j resha-parddz, Who or what
heals wounds.

jlo <L&i) resha-ddr, Wounded.
rlsha-wdr, Fibrous.

yj^-Ajj rishldan, To pour out ; to melt ;
to scatter.

t rlshida, Silk interwoven or fringed
with points of different colours ; the fringe
of a turban-sash ; coloured ; painted and
embroidered China silk; shining, lumi-
nous ; — reshlda, Wounded.

HAij AAjj resha-resha, Covered

with

wounds ; — resha-resha shudan, To be lace-
rated ; — resha-resha kardan. To lacerate, to
rent.

a. yUjj rlzdn (pi. of rauzaf), Gardens,
meadows.

aWj rait (pi. of the following), Veils.
a raitat, A veil of one piece of
cloth.

a gij rai' (v.n.), Growing, increasing;
returning ; coming out well (bread from
the oven or meat from the pot) ; income
proceeding from agriculture ; width of the
skirt or sleeve of a coat of mail ; redun-
dancy ; the first and best part of anything ;
— rF, rai', A way ; an open path between
mountains.

A <pW) rai'dn, The first or best part (of

( 604 )

JO

anything) ;— rai'anu 'sTi-shahdb, The flower
of youth,

cns!l> gjj rai'ndk, Fertile, productive
(ground).

&) righ, Hatred; — regA, Skirts of a
mountain.

JUjj rigjial, A cup, a goblet.

J*j) ri ffh al, Thin, dry, lean.

a Uuj raif (v.n.), Coming to the kind of
country called rif; grazing that kind of
land (cattle) ; — rif, A cultivated country, a
sown field or pasture luxuriant in produce ;
land contiguous to water, verdant and rich
in agricultural produce; — ra'if, Merciful,
compassionate.

_ A &j raiq (v.n.), Shining on the ground
like water, and appearing to flow (va-
pours) ; — rlq, Spittle, saliva ; [rlq ssadan,
To ease the bowels ; — 'aid rlq-in, With a
morning stomach, i.e. empty, fasting ; —
'aid rlqi nafsl, Whilst I was yet fasting ;]
— ruiyiq, Fasting ; the first and "best part
of anything.

a f>i} riqu, Troubled with diarrhoea,
loose (see rlq zadan under , and comp.

#>)-.

a &i>_, rlqat, Spittle.

<slj> rth, Bravo ! well done ! fortunate.

\£>.j rekd, Loved ; a beloved object ; a
class of ushers at a royal court.

rekaea, "A*s> rekasha, A hedgehog ;
a porcupine.

y&j rlkan, An impostor, villain ; male-
volent ; polluted ; addicted to magic.

*sSjj reg, Sand, gravel, dust ; a kind of
gold-coloured dust, with which they
sprinkle writings ; an atom ; (for Hlmi reg)
geomancy ; fortune, luck ; fortunate ! well
done ! — regi ravmn, Moving sand ; — regi
eargari, Sand or dust out of which gold is
washed; — regi fnldn poshida ast, (met.)
The state or condition of such a one is
unknown.

te4o vt^ij reg-pushta, A hill or heap of
»and.

»Jy <*£tj reg-toda, A sand-hill,
(jju&j rtgdcln, A sand-box.

reg-reg, To or in atoms.
Mj reg-mda, (Sand-bred) The stink.
regzdr, a^-^ij regisidn, A sandy

region.

tSjA tiSi) reg-shoy, The washing of auri-
ferous sand.

ij*^*) reg-mtihi, (Sand-fish) A skink.

t>Sjj rigan, = y^j q.v.

ksJUSjj regndk, Sandy.

y*j ril'i, Ashes of which they make soap ;
name of a plant.

a raim (v.n.), Departing ; distance ;
increase, redundancy, excess ; bones, &c.
remaining over after distributing the joints
of a slaughtered camel j a long hour ; the
evening (till dark) ; a grave ; a step, stair,
or round of a ladder ; the joining of the

sides or lips of a wound when healing ; —
r?m, rim, A milk-white doe ; — ru'im, The
buttocks, backside.

rim, Pus, matter, humour, rheum;
dregs, mother of oil, lees of wine ; dross
of metal; the poplar; an Egyptian tree;
— rimi ahan, The dross of iron (left in the
furnace, or which flies off in hammering) ;
— rim kardan, To suppurate ; — rimi gosh,
Ear-wax.

rima, An unicorn, rhinoceros.

jWj rimdz, A kind of light garment.

gr*^ rlm-dhanj, <i&J^ ^ rim-dhang,
Root of the plantain.

y*ij rimaz, — jWj q.v.

sy u rlmas'at, Galangale.

&+>j fa.im.an, A cheat, villain; — riman
(for ahriman), An impostor, villain; im-
pure, filthy : addicted to magic ; a guide
to evil ; Satan ; a horse j a son ; — rimm, A
running sore.

>a)U*j) rimnak, Corrupt, mattery; suppu-
rative (wound or sore) ; sloughy ; filthy,
nasty; impure, polluted ; puffy, turgid.

rimndM, Filthiness, nastiness,
dirtiness ; slough of a sore or wound.

(jJ-Nj rimini, Rimini in Italy (tn.c).

t+ij rima, Dirt in the corners of the eyes
and about the eyelashes.
rimiz, s= jUj) q.v.

a y*j rain (v.n.), Conquering, overcom-
ing, prevailing; being contaminated, im-
pure ; dirt, filth (physical and moral) ;
rust.

a &4j rainat, Wine.

fi) rev, Fraud, deceit, stratagem ; name
of the son of Kawus and son-in-law of Tus ;
—rev khwurdan, To be deceived, cheated.

tytj rewa, — the following (unsupported
by examples),

b\)J) rewdj, Sorrel.

3\y.> rlwaz, Justice, equity ; order, me-
thod.

u-Vj rewds, Sorrel; fraud, hypocrisy.

J^fii revnlx, = y<f)i) q.v.

(•W-yj rivjdm, Sobriety, chastity.

•iyj rvwad, A plant with which animals
become intoxicated,

} ri u dal, — } ^ q.v.

a jsy; raiyuq, The best of anything ;
fasting.

«jU } (_sj rl u qdf, Trifles ; light talk ; an
argument.

Qj>.) raiwan, Preceding, walking in front ;
plaster (doubtful word) ; — riyon, The river
Eion at Poti.

a yyj ri'un (pi. of ri'at), Lungs.
rlwanj, Sorrel.

yrjjj rewanju, ^f-i rc.wanja, A timber-
worm.

■^)>) riwand, Ehubarb; — riwandi chm't,
China rhubarb.

j*>fy revniz, Name of the son of Kai
Kawus.

»j4> riwa, A hillock or high bank ; deceit,
fraud, incantation ; name of the son of
Kai Kawus ; — rewa, Name of an Indian
river.

6>^j rvwidan, To be absolved, dis-
missed.

*iimj. Sorrel.

¥■9) r 'i*, Fraud, treachery, machination,
imposture; sorrel.

a *4j raih (v.n.), Coming and going,
appearing and disappearing (vapour, mi-
rage).

**> rift, Brackish soil ; depression ; de-
spair.

O^Klj rikdnidan, To make desolate,
^ts; rtka, A king, prince, emperor.

rihldan, To fall, roll down (as
loose earth or sand from a height) ; to flow
murmuringly (as water from a cistern);
to be diffused or poured out ; to putrefy.

rihlda, Fallen; rotten, putrid; in-
firm,

a o~-fj ra'lt, A head, chief ; — ra'lsi hifzi
's-sihfrat, Director of the Sanitary Board
(m.c.) \— ra'lsi d&ri 'sh-shu'ard, The Presi-
dent of the Council (m.c.) ; — fa'lsi daf-
tan lashkar, Paymaster of the forces
(m.c). (See also (^;).

ruina-khum, A brazen drum.

( 605 ) 4>)

e\) r&j, A woman in childbed, until tha

J * (called ea'i or ze'i hawwaz, sd'i man-
quta, za'i mu'jama, dotted zd), The thir-
teenth letter of the Arabic-Persian alpha-
bet, denoting seven in arithmetic, Saturday
in the almanacks, and the sign Scorpion in
the zodiac ; it interchanges with g jim, as,
soj for soz ; with b , as, pichishh for pizishk ;
with £ , as, guregk for gurez ; with , as,
ay as for ayaz. The power of ) ze is exactly
that of the English z; — za, \) zd (for -A)),
Born ;- zi (contracted for a»), From ; than ;
off.

A 1) za, »tj zd', Tho letter j , so called by
the Arabs ; a glutton.

vlj ztib, Quality, property ; a fountain ;
the eye ; name of the tenth king of Persia,
of the Peshdadian dynasty.

tola, (in Zand and Pazand) Pure

gold.

zabgfcur,}£i\j zdbgur, Puffing the cheek
and striking it so that the wind may escape
with noise.

a J^j za'bil, zabil, Short, dwarfish.

Jt\) z&bul, zabil, Name of a country and
of a people ; name of a note in music.

e^—M; zabuliatdn, Kabul, Ghaznin, &c.,
the native country of Rustam.

t>***»\j mbidan, To be endowed with, or
described by, any particular quality.

eighth day ; (A. form of P. wsJ^; q.v.) cop-
peras, vitriol, shoemaker's black ; — zdji
abyaz (safed), Alum; — zdji ahmar, Sory;
— zdji asfar, Vitriol; — zdji sabz (Hrdqi),
Green vitriol ; — zdji Jcabud, Blue vitriol.

A r>\> xdjir, Prohibitive, who or what
hinders ; one who excites and stirs up ; a
threatener, rebuker ; — abu zajir, A crow.

a vtAfAj zdjirdt (pi. fem. of the prece-
ding), Divinations; rebukes; the angels
who preside over the winds and clouds.

)3~ 6\> B&j-siir, A feast on the birth of a
child.

J^j zdjil, The tree dg (see

jy=>-\) zdjiir (for zdj-mr), A feast made on
the third day alter the birth of a child.

zdja, zdcha, A woman in child-
bed until seven days are past; born.

a z< y*> Of or referring to vitriol, &c.

a oi*.ij zahif, Dragging the legs, fatigued
(a camel) ; falling short of the mark, but
hitting it in the rebound ; creeping on the
belly (as one of the four kinds of animals,
running, flying, swimming, and creeping).

a zdkhir, Full, swelling (sea), surgy
(main) ; liberal.

a <-A&\j zdkhif, Boasting, vainglorious,
proud.

zdiMl, The infernal tree zaqqiim, the
fruit of which is said to bo the heads of
devils.

a (^j) 4 - Vj zd-khwarish (for xdr-khwarish),
A woman ; a little eater.

<rtj zdd, (3rd pers. pret. of z&dan) He was
born ; birth ; age ; a son ; a foal ; ortho-
dox, a follower of the Sunna; (for dzdd)
free ; — zdd bar zdd, Generation upon genera-
tion ; — tddi Midtir, (Offspring of the
thoughts) Poetry ; — bad-zdd, Of low birth
or disposition ;-— pdk-zdd, Of pure origin or
extraction.

a za'd (v.n. of Terrifying; — zdd,
Travelling-provisions, victuals, vivres ; — ■
zdd bar zdd, Provisions on provisions; —
zddi rdhila (rah), Travelling provisions;
way charges.

Jjt J \) sdd-bud, pjt zdd-bum, The
mother-country.

f* zdd-Jchur, yf- A) zdd-khwur, Old.

yi- A) zdd-Jthu. zdd-iho. Decrepit.

V- **\> zdd-khwdst, UK- yt. o\j zdd-
Ichwust, Of full age, but not grown in pro-
portion ; an old man ; a man of a thin,
meagre, debilitated figure; one who spends
all that he possesses.

»~ zdd-sarv, The fir-tree, the cypress.
zdd sham, Name of Pushang's
father, grandfather of Afrasyab.

zad-g&ar, A bastard; a scoun-
drel.

(jWj zddagl, Birth.

A) zdd-mard, Free; valiant; gene-
rous.

J) ( 606 ) jr>

frtf &\ *&$-m.im, Name of a large river.
(See

tadan, To bring forth ; to be born ;
to appear ; to increase.

i nad-u-bftd, Goods and chattels.
<j*y&) zadus, <J»)<&) zddush, The planet
Mercury.

*>>1j zada, Born; a son; offspring; —
zada'i idk, Wine ; — zada'i khdtir, (Offspring
of the mind) Prose or verse ; voice ; action ;
— zada'i dahan, (Offspring of the mouth)
A word ; — zada'i ahash roza, (Offspring of
six days) Heaven and earth; living crea-
tures ; — zada'i tab', Original composition ;
— zada'i 'auf, The son of 'Auf, 'Abdu 'r-
rahman ;— zada'i mirrikh, The offspring of
Mars, i.e. iron.

cs^-ja- zada kjiwugt, A decrepit old
man.

j\) zdr, A groan, plaint, lamentation ;
weeping, crying; desire; groaning, afflicted;
weak, thin ; contemptible ; a crowd, multi-
tude ; vain ; (an affix denoting) a place
where anything abounds.

t y*) zar, A die (for gambling) ; a pel-
licle ; the cataract.

«<£*A\;\5 zdrdghang, Hard soil ; sandy soil.

***±J[>tj zartueht, ut~£v;\j zdrtuhsht, Zoro-
aster, &c. (see u^a*j3).

ey*) zdrij, Barberries.

Jjf 1 " j\> zar-]ehwdr, One who desires ;
afflicted.

;**• \\) zar-lehwar, (A lad) who eats little
and thrives not ; desirous ; roguish, dis-
honest ; one who uses equivocal language.

'J'jf^ jty zdr-khwarish, Abstemious woman.

^^.A zdr-khwaih. Who U8es allegorical
or equivocal language ; a deceiver, a cheat.

****y) zar&usht, 4b-aaj^j zdrduhsht,
Zoroaster.

j\) jh zdr-zdr, Great lamentation.

a ty) zdri', Who sows, who plants ; a
sower, planter.

jV; zdr.ghfMg, Hard and sandy land.

<_s^ ear-nail, A subdued wailing.

JT y} zar-nizar, Great lamentation.

zdra, Contemptible, abject ; plaint,
moan ; a cry for help ; meanness ; vehement
desire.

4*~**)ty e&ruhsJit, sarhutht, Zoroaster.

(js)\j Karl, Lamentation, plaint; cry for
help ; lowliness, humility.

Ai^j zdriydna, Cause, motive, reason ;
whatever occasions weeping and lamenta-
tion.

t>-»j)\} zdridan, To groan, cry; to afflict, vex.
J\j1j zdzdl. Name of a small black bird
which cannot rise from the ground.
Jj\) zdzil, zdzal, A colander, strainer,
jty zdzh, Sweepings of a thrashing-floor.
zd»i, Name of a country.
zattar (contracted from zi dnsu-iar),
(Go or sit) a little farther off ! separate ;
increase, excess ; more.

&~\) zdstan, To bear, bring forth a child.

£)j zdgh, A crow, raven, root ; a sort of
pigeon; vitriol; sedition, mutiny; bias,
inclination ; name of a note in music ; a
name for a created being ; — zdghi obi,
(Water-crow) A coot ; — zaghi pd-surkh, A
certain delicately-flavoured bird ; — zdjfhi
sih-par, An arrow ; — zaghi Teaman, The in-
ternal bend of a bow; — zdgh giriftan, To
revile, to abuse.

a £\; zdgh, A small, whitish crow.

V, #j zdgh-pd, J* £\) zdgh-pdy, (Crow-
foot, black-leg), Reproach, reproof, taunt,
contumely.

zdgA-psa, £\j zdgh.-p'ma, A
jackdaw (unsupported by examples, but see

*~~s$) .

jjMj zdgltij, A crow, a rook,
i***"? zdgi-chashm, Blue-eyed.

zdg&chand, A fortress in Tui'Ms-

tan.

i^iVj zdghcha, A small crow, a daw.

J>> gV; zagh-dil, Hard-hearted.

jt^j zdakar, zdghur, A bird's crop.

©V> c\) zdgA-zabdn, (Crow-tongue) A
man whose curses prevail ; a term imply-
ing excellence in a horse.

Jy^j mgi-nol, A mattock ; a battle-axe.

ct!yt\> z&gJtuk, A ball for a balista.

djjiV; zdgMna, The socket of a candle-
stick ; a reed used by weavers to wind
their thread upon.

AfcjMj zdg&icha, A small crow, a daw,_

a"tf\) zdfira, A crowd ; a troop of soldiers,
a squadron.

Ailj zdfa, A kind of stinking herb ; a
hedgehog.

jlj zdq, The young of anything ; vitriol ;
a black tincture ; — zdg u ztq, Children ;
noise uproar.

zdqddn, The womb, matrix.

a yWj za'alcdn, A pompous, stately gait.

s, tjjiij zdhon, The law.

a zdkl, Pure, devout, pious, saintly.

*iJ1j zdg, Vitriol ; alum ; shoemaker's
black; copperas.

zdg-db, Vitriol-water, writing-ink.

J^j zdl, An old man; an old woman;
decrepit; grey-headed; name of a famous
Persian prince, father to the still more
celebrated hero Kustam ; a year ; — zdli bad-
af'dl (ra'nd, safed-abrii, eafed-ru, 'aqhn,
muttahdza), The world; — zdli pir, A very
decrepit old man ; — zdli dastdn (zar), The
father of Eustam; — zdli zamdn, Time, the
world (considered as an old woman); —
zdli garsafedi siyah-dil, The world ; ruth-
less, unmerciful ; — zdli kuz-pusht, The sky ;
— zdli hufa, Name of an old woman who
lived at the time of Noah, and from whose
fire-place the flood proceeded, without in-
juring her; — zdli maddyin, Name of an
old woman who refused to Nushirwan the
I sale of her chamber, which was needed

( 607 )

for thB adjustment of his palace ; — zali
miiHya, The world ; a musical instrument.

tf\ Jtj zdl-abru, The sky ; new moon.

yU-ij J\) zal-dastdn, jj J\j »df-«or, Father
of Bustam.

a f zdl-lcufa, Name of an old woman
(see zali Mfa under J\j).

yh zaM, A leech ; a quick-falling 1 rain.
zdluk, A ball for a balista.
zdm, Name of a valley in Hindustan
where Mahmud Gaznawi used to hunt.

a e*\) zd'maj, The entire.

a y\) zdmir, =j^*j zammdr, q.v.

a £Mj zamilat, zdmila, A beast of bur-
den ; over-load, over-charge.

fc>V*"ty zamahrdn, A sort of antidote.

«*^*^ zdmydd, Name of the 28th day of
the Persian month; also of its presiding
angel.

ge^j zdmij, A small city in Turkistan.

zdmim, Name of a mighty river.
&a*y gamin, A small city near Samar-
kand.

jU**^ zdmmdd, = aW*!) q.v.

saw, Name of a tree from which arrows
and spears are made; (for az an) From
that ; — zdn pae, Afterwards ; — zdn sipas,
After that ; — zan ki, For that cause,

t**flj zdnt, Zante.

yyjtj zan-su-tar, ys--i\> zdneutar, A little
further.

afcty asare-sraA, From that time, since.
zdn-md, From thence to us-ward.

y\j «r<J««, The knee; the lap; a bow,
obeisance ; woTBhip ; — zdnu bar zamin
nihddan, To show great respect or reve-
rence ; — zdnu bar dil nihddan, To watch
(as the cat for a mouse) ; — zdnu ba-sdnu,
Knee to knee; — zdnu tah Jcardan, To sit on
one'B knees (a reverential position in the
EaBt); — zdnu ra^ad-gah kardcm, To sit
and muBe pensively ; to watch ; — zdnu
tadan, To kneel; — zdnu'i kdh, A truss of
Btraw; — zdnu'i leaf tar ba-guftani faxIwM
bastan, To frighten away a hyena by utter-
ing the word kalukh (which seems to imply
that the hyena knows by experience that
the word kaMkh means a brick or a clod
of earth) ; — zdnum, My knee (m.c.) ; — az
sari zdnu qadaw. edkhtan, (met.) To assume
a contemplative or observing position ; —
— ba-du, zdnu'i adab nishastan, To sit on
both knees upon one's heels, a more polite
and respectful position than sitting cross-
legged, which is called " four-knees " (see
j — ba-zdnu dar-amadan, To kneel;—
ba-zdnu sadan, To strike one's knee (in sign
of despair) ; — chu sag dor pasi zdnu niehdn-
dan, To set one on the watch ; — dar pa»i
tanu uftddan, (met.) To retire to a corner,
to seek solitude ; — sari zdnu, The knee-

pan

jo* yU zdnu- band, A garter.
«jj yy zdnu'zada, y\j mnu-tmhin,

Bending the knees, sitting on the knees,
kneeling ; — zdnu zada asp hashidan, To
lead up a great man's horse with bent
knees, i.e. respectfully.

tsdna, A noisy winged insect in baths ;
a beetle.

a zdni, A whoremonger.

a AaJtj zdniya, An adulteress, whore.
zdnij, One's native country.

yj zqv, A mason; a plasterer; a master
of any craft; athletic, powerful; a cleft,
chink; a narrow mountain-pass; a brick,
bat.

8)\) zdwuj, A commander of ten men (see

t»A j yj zdvdush, The planet Mercury.

ijfy zdwar, A servant ; power, strength ;
boldness ; health and safety ; huge,
mighty, powerful ; alive, well ; gall ; a dark
colour ; black-coloured water (a disease) ;
the planet Venus ; a saddle-horse ; an
assistant ; a companion ; bad-tempered ;
covetous; impossible.

tj*)fy ssdwars, <j*fy zdwas, The planet
Venus.

j£\ zdwar-fartdsh, Whose existence
is impossible.

v_A>lj zdwush, The planet Jupiter.

Jyj zdwul, Name of a country in Persia ;
also of a people ; of a note in music ; and
of an ancient Persian dialect, now obsolete.

zdvldna, A fetter, chain; curly
hair; gold-dust.

,ybL«Jj1j zdwvlistdn, A country in Persia.

<J>j$} zdwush, Mercury ; Jupiter (planets).

A (ia^j zd'uq, zdwuq, Quicksilver.

xdwa, Name of a town in Khurasan ;
lamentation, wailing (this meaning unsup-
ported, and perhaps misreading for tyy q.v.).

syT tfo zdwa-koh, Name of a mountain.

a hjl) zdwiyat, z&tuiya, A corner, angle ; a
cell, a hermitage, a convent ; — zdwiya'i an-
daruni, Interior angle ; — zdwiya'i birunl,
Exterior angle ; — zdwiya'i tahtdni, Angle of
depression ; angle on the other side of the
base ; — zdwiya'i hadda, Acute angle ; — zd-
wiya'i khdrija, Outer corner ; exterior angle ;
— zdwiya'i rde, Vertical angle; — zdwiya'i
qd'ima, Eight angle; — zdwiya'i md'il, Angle
of inclination ; — zdwiya'i mutabddala, Alter-
nate angle ; — zdwiya'i rnujageama, Solid
angle ; — zdwiya'i muhiti, Angle at the cir-
cumference ; — zdwiya'i mur&jd'at, Angle of
reflexion; — zdwiya'i muqdbala, Opposite
angle ; — zdwiya'i munfarija, Obtuse angle.

Jij\j zdwil, An architect ; a worker in
clay.

a 4j^j zdmya-kash, An instrument
for drawing angles, a protractor.

a sdhid, Religious, dev out, abstinent,
continent, content; a monk, hermit; a
zealot; — zdhidi teiunhk (khunuk), A rigid
monk ; a hypocrite, dissembler ; — - zdhidi
Itoh, The sun.

( 608 )

a zahidana, Eeligiously, like a

monk.

a jty zdhid-nawaz, Who cherishes
recluses.

a tsAfc^ zdhidl, Continence, a monkish life,
piety ; a sort of date.

A zdhir, Shioing.

a tg/*^ zahirl, Odour, fragrance ; clear-
ness.

A (jAtj eahiq, Put to flight, routed, going
away, vanishing ; perishing ; very fat ; very
lean ; strong, rapid (current) ; dry.

zi ahan, in poetry zahan (for a%
ahan), Of iron,
oty z ®y> (i n <50 m P-) Bringing forth.

zaycka, A horoscope ; astronomical

tables.

A zd'id, fern. B^Hj zd'idat, zd'ida, Ex-
ceeding ; in excess, beyond, more ; redun-
dant, superfluous; additional, accessory;
(in gram.) a servile letter ; — ad'idu 'l-wasf,
Beyond description, indescribable.

jJitj zidar (for an idar), From this plaoe,
hence.

O^ty zaydan (for q^Ij), To be born ; to
beget.

a jflj zd'ir, Visiting ; a visitor, visitant ;
a pilgrim to a holy shrine, &c.

yS^lj zdyish, Increase, augmentation ;
production, produce.

a z&'igh, Deviating from the right
■way ; a heretic.

a t-Aflj za'jf, False coin.

yVj zaygar, Bearing a child ; fruitful.

a Jfy zd'il, Defective, deficient, failing ;
perishing, vanishing; transitory, fleeting;
frail ; non-existent ; — xd'il ahudan, To
perish, fail ;— zd'il kardan, To destroy,
cancel, obliterate.

n-w*V} zdyanda. Bringing forth ; a mother.

o&ettj zd'idagi, Child-birth.

qJ^) zd'ldan, To bring forth (a child) ;
to originate, appear, come forth.

ao^flj zd'ida, Procreated, generated, born.

V) zab, zib, Easy; unbought, gratis;
straight.

a w») zubb, Penis ; the beard or the fore-
part of it ; the nose; a catamite.

A zabbd' (fem. of aeabb), Hairy (she-
camel) ; a woman whose pubes is covered
with hair ; name of the daughter of a king
of HIra, who vowed not to shave the hair
of her pubes until the death of her mur-
dered father should be avenged.

A sj4) xabab, The field-mouse ; the mole ;
— zabbab, A seller of raisins or currants.

a uu^j zabdt (corruption of the follow-
ing), Civet.

a oV)j zabdd, Civet, the perfume of the
civet cat, i.e. the scraped-off filth collected
under its tail ; — zvbb&d, Milk that cannot be
used; anything worthless; name of a herb.

«>ly xi-bdd (for an bad), Quicker than the
wind, very swift.

©W) zaban, zubdn, The tongue ; language,
dialect, idiom, speech ; the tongue or the
shank of a button ; a flame ; leave, per-
mission ; — zaban az qafd blrun kardan (ba-
dar giriftan, kaehldan), zabdn az gam
kashidan, To pull out the tongue (by
way of punishment) ; — zaban dmukhian,
To learn to talk (as a parrot) ;— zaban
dwardan, To speak, tell, say, declare;—
zaban ba lease yate dasktan, To assent to or
agree with what another has said ; — zaban
bar-awardan, To loll out the tongue (from
thirst, &c.) ; — zaban bar k&dk mdlidan, To
sigh, to long for ; — zaban bar diwdr mall-
dan, To rub the tongue on the wall, mean-
ing to be resigned and content; to trust
in God ; — zaban bar-gushddan, To speak; to
revile; — zabdni bara (iamb's tongue), The
plantain ; the plant hare's-ear ; — zaban bu-
ridan, To silence; to make a present, to
bribe ; — zaban bastan, To keep silence ; to
silence ; — zabdn birun uftddan, The tongue
lolls out; — ssaban blrun afgandan, To loll
out the tongue ; — zabdni U-zabdn, The dumb
tongue (of brutes); dumb expression; a
pen ; — zabdni blsar, Trifling, futile, imper-
tinent discourse ; — zabdni pdrsi (Jdrsl), The
Persian language, as spoken in Pars or Per-
sia proper zabdni fahlawx, The Pahlawi
or ancient tongue, in which are written the
A vesta and other books of the Magi or wor-
shippers of fire ; — zabdni tak, A vine-ten-
dril j — zabdni tardzn, The ueedle of a
balance ;— eaodn tdza (tar) kardan, To
speak ; to wet one's whistle ; — zabdni Ml,
Language expressed by one's condition,
situation, or by signs (in contradistinction
to language of the tongue, and which is
called zabdni qal) ; language appropoiate
to, or expressive of, one's circumstances;
— zaban dddcun, To promise, agree, stipu-
late ; to give permission ; — zaban d&th-
tan bd, To show oneself through an.
other, to act according to another's in-
struction ; — zaban dar tahi danddn girif-
tan {dar gam duzdidan, dar gam rah&
kardan), To be silent ; — zaban dar tali za-
ban ddshtan, To be inconsistent and fickle
in one's speech; — zaban dar hashidan, To
keep in one's tongue ; — zabdni dan, A
purer dialect of the Persian, spoken at
court ; — zab&n-ra, bar-gardanidan, To pre-
varicate ; — zaban zadan, To speak ; — zabdni
zargarl, An enigmatical kind of language ;
— zaban etri zaban ddshtan, To be inconsis-
tent and fickle in one's speech ; — -zaban sita-
dan, To put to silence; — zabdni sardyish,
Conversation ; — zabdni sang-Tn, A stuttering
tongue ; — zabdni £uti (parrot's tongue),
Name of a herb ; — zaban fear lan, To abuse
to revile; — zaban kushddan (gushddan),
To speak, utter ; to revile ; — zaban kashi-
dan, To loll out the tongue ; to revile
(bar kase)i — mban hoftcm, To stammer,

\i> ( 609 ) ^

stutter; — zabdni gav, Borage ; the point of
a spear ;— zabdn giriftan, To stammer ; to
know the state of an adversary's affairs ; —
zabdni gunjishk (sparrow's tongue), Seed
of the ash-tree; a kind of cake; — zabdni
gandumm, A bland or smooth tongue; — •
zabdni ligdm, The tongue of the bridle ; a
ring on the bridle under the chin ;— zabdni
mapj&-dar, Profound speech; an eloquent
tongue ; — zabdni nd-sardyish, = zabdni hdl
above ; — zabdn ydftan, To obtain leave ; —
az zabdn jastan (dar dmadan), To make a
slip of the tongue in talking ; — andar {dar)
zabdn giriftan, To become informed of
another's circumstances (by questioning
a prisoner of the enemy) ; to stutter ;
to speak evil of, to detract; — bar zabdn
dmadan (raftan), To speak, to talk; — 6a-
zabdn dwardan, To pronounce, to utter, to
say (m.c.) ; — dar zabdn uft&dan (budan), To
be talked about in an ignominious manner,
to be defamed ; — dar zabdn afgandan (an-
ddiktan, ddshtan), To defame, to talk igno-
miniously about ; — dar sari zabdn raft, He
has made a fool of himself.

a y^j zubdn, UVjj zuband, The sixteenth
mansion of the moon.

t>V) zabdn-afgan, Vomiting flames.

)fi t>Wj zabdn-dwar, Eloquent ; a back-
biter.

ijC>$ <J*i zabdn-dwarl, Eloquence, fluency,
y^j zaban-bur, (Tongue-cutting) A
silencing argument ; hush-money.

o^j zabdn-bdzl, Conversation, talk ;
altercation, litigation.
vj&W cj^j zabdn-bastagl, Tongue-tiedness.
oV %abdn-buran, Satirist, lampooner.
fcAy zaban-burida, Silenced ; taciturn.
ftjWj zabdn-basta, Tongue-tied.
**> fc>Wj zabdn-band, Fascination, as tying
up the tongue ; a fascinator ; — zaban-bandi
hhirad. Wine.

zabdn-bandi, Deposition of a

witness.

caV o^i zabdn-tardn, A satirist, railer, re-
viler (probably misreading for mbdn-buran).
zabdn-tez, Sharp of tongue.
tU*^ zaban-khwdh, A beggar.

zabdn-ddn, A linguist; an inter-
preter; a poet ; a scholar, a pupil.

jV^J zaban-darax, Extending the tongue,
i.e. speaking much and malevolently, abu-
sive.

ls)V O^j zabdn-dardzi, Loquacity ; oblo-
quy, censure; — zabdn darazl kardan, To
scold.

a Vii .J y^j zabdn dar qafd, Delphinium
orientale (plant) ; larkspur.

<Jij oty zabdn-rdn, Eloquent ; prolix,
talkative ; a, story-teller.

tj^) aV) xabdn-rdni, Conversation ; talk.

oytfj zabdn-zad, Talked about; every -day
talk.

tj^j zahdn-zadagi, Mention.

o^j zabdn-zada, Spoken of, talked

about.

t>^> zabdn-faroeh, Talkative, loqua-
cious.

SrS^* ah) zabdn-flrib, g^y xabdn

firlfta, A liar ; deceived.

a y^) zabdn-fahm,, Who understands
■what is said to him (m.c.) .

j&Wj zabdngar, Anything which bites the
tongue ; milk formed into butter.

Jr^r*" (fl^j zabdn-giriftagi, Impediment of
speech ; stuttering, stammering.

cAy zabdn-girifta, Dumb, tongue-

tied.

£ <jWj zabdn-gaz, Acrid, tart, pungent.

v t£q,.i,&ttj zabdn-gunjiahk, The ash-tree
(see zabdni gunjishk under gVj).

^jS yV) zabdn-goyd, Eloquent speaker.

>*&4) zabdn-gir, A tongue-taker, i.e.
taking a prisoner to gain information; a
spy ; whatever bites the tongue.

jj O^jj zabdn-war, = j£ o^j q.v,

eabdna, zubana, Flame ; the shank of
a button ; the tongue of a balance ; lingula
pudendi ; — zabdna bar-dwardan, To produce
a flame ; — zabdna zadan, To flame, blaze ;— -
zaldna'i kapdn, The needle of a balance.

zabdni, Tongued j tongue-like ;
flaming, blazing.

a zubdniydni, The two claws (of a

scorpion) ; two bright stars, the scales of
Libra, and the sixteenth mansion of the
moon.

a £*JWj zubdniyat, zubdniya (pi. of zibnu
yat), Guards ; the guardians of hell.

a *r-*j mbab (v.n. of v-j), Being hairy ;
hairiness ; the long hairs about a camel's
face,

A J^j zabd (v.n.), Churning ; foaming (the
mouth) ; giving a little, doling j — zubd,
Cream ; froth, foam ; dross or scum (of sil-
ver) ; — zubad (pi. of the following), Creams.

A Sjq) zubdat, zubda, Cream of milk, best
of anything ; — zubda'i akhldqi hamida, The
essence of praiseworthy qualities; — zubda'i
arkdn (kd'indt), The best part of the crea-
tion (Muhammad) ; — zubda'i wuldti 'I-
andm, The cream of the rulers of men
(Muhammad).

a zubdi, Creamy^

A jtj zabr (v.n.), Writing; hindering,
keeping back, preventing ; building, con-
structing (a well) ; flinging stones ; under-
standing ; strong ; — eibr, A book ; — mibar,
zubur, Bits of iron ; — zubur, Books ; — zibbir,
Strong, very powerful.

j>j zabar (probably for zi-bar a= a* bar),
Above, upon, high, superior; the Persian

term for the short vowel fat'ha, because

placed over a letter; a baker's trough;
zabar kardan. To lift up, to elevate; — at
zabar, from above ; aloft, overhead ; j — mbr,
Zebra (m.c. through Fr. or E.) ; — zibar
(for zipar, si-par), A shield; (for att bar)

*> (

by heart ; — - zi-bar /cardan (giriftaii), To
learn by heart.

jfj mbar-db, A film on stagnant water,

fcWj? J»J zabar-parchin, Thorns stuck on
the top of a wall.

O 5 *** j*3 zabar-posh, An upper garment ; a
quilted coverlet.

a ^sj zubrat, A splinter or bit of iron ;
the shoulder of a man or a lion ; the hair
of a lion's mane ; the eleventh mansion of
the moon,

♦sfci j}j zabar-tang, A surcingle, girth.

A 8/3 xibrij, An ornamented various-
coloured garment; also a decoration of
jewels, or anything similar ; gold ; thin
ruddy clouds, with a mixture of white.

a -Vjjj zabarjad, An emerald ; a chryso-
lite ; — zabarjadi hindl, A topaz.

(jAs-j)} zdbarjadi, (ji^jtj zabarjadm, Of
the colour of the emerald or topaz.

.iijt) zabar-daet, Athletic, vigorous ;
overbearing, tyrannical, harsh, oppressive,
violent ; superior ; the upper part, higher
side; the seat of honour; — mbar-dast »i»
shagtan, To sit in the place of honour.

^jiv.Oji) zabar-dasti, Oppression, tyranny,
severity, harshness, violence ; superiority,
upper-handedness.

i-Jji jtj zabar-fuf, Abuse, curse, execra-
tion.

a qUj?) zibriqdn, The moon ; a man who
has but little beard ; surname of one of Mu-
hammad's companions.

zabar-gilwid, A cauldron.

fytj zibarm, Memory, recollection.

S/3 zubara, A bar of iron.

zabari, Violence, oppression.

y*tj)j zabaridan, To be on high ; to ele-
vate (doubtful word ; see o ■*<»;).

tjjj^j zabarln, Higher, upper ; of, or
belonging to, the word zabar, Above ; supe-
rior.

a <utt>»j zabtdna, A long hollow tube,
through which they shoot small birds with
pellets forced out by the breath ; the top
of a saw, by which the handle is fixed.

a Jj/**) ziba'ra, Ill-disposed; hairy about
the face and eye -brows.

yt*j zdbgkur, zabgur, Pilling the cheeks
with air, and then making a sound by
striving them.

a <jfy zabq (v.n.), Plucking (the beard) ;
mixing; restraining, keeping back.

a J)j zabl (v.n.), Manuring (land), dung-
ing (a crop) ; — zibl, Dung, manure.

a tj^Jily ziblddn, A dunghill, a mixen.

(jjjly zablfiq, A term of reproach.

t^j zabun (for 0^3 q .v.), Vile, &c.

A t^j zabn (v.n.), Beating off, driving
away ; selling fruit on the tree ; kicking
(when milked, a camel) ; — zibn, Need, neces-
sity, want ; — zahan, A side, a quarter ; stuff
cut in proportion to the size of a room (as
a curtain hung before a lady's chamber).

o ) c>

A Mjj zibniyat, A devil who is supposed
to throw the damned into the flames;
strong, severe; a life- guardsman.

*<*j?j zabuja, *<s-y) eabuklia, Venereal plea-
sures.

Wjy zabilda, mbuda, Carelessness ; a
scallion.

a jj>j zabur, Writing j a book ; the Psalms
of David ; — zubur (pi. of zibr), Books.

a oV" wbur-itjiwan, A psalm-singer.

)j>) zabuz, A whirlpool.

a 4^V> Jjy zubul-ydfta, Renovated by ma-
nure.

cy»3 zabun, Weak, infirm, helpless ; vile ;
of the worst kind, spoilt, bad ; irksome ;
conquered, made captive ; willing ; greedy ;
complaining; the earnest paid upon pur-
chase ; a purchase, in which the purchaser
buys with avidity ; [zabun ddehtan, To
oppress ;] — zvhun, An eager purchaser.

a <jjj>) zabun, (A battle) wherein the com-
batants crowd one upon another ; (a she-
camel) kicking her milker; a vest worn
under another garment.

***** ayj zabun-bafta, Of a flimsy texture.

ij&fy zabun-kush, A persecutor of the
weak.

(_5*y3 zabum, Infirmity, indisposition,
weakness; vileness; — zahunl kashidan, To
be in firm, &c.

jVj zi-bahr (for az bahr), On account of;
— zibhar, Disgust at filial undutifulnesa ; —
zibkar kardan, To feel such disgust.

«^V3 zabhida, Fallen, dropped.

a Jj>3 zubi (pi. of zubyat), High grounds
which the flood does not reach ; — balagka
's-sailu 'z-zubd, The flood has reached the
high grounds, (met,) matters have become
difficult or critical.

a s-*sj zabib, Currants, sun-raisins; dried
figs or dates.

a ^-y zabid, Name of a town in Yaman ;
— zubaid. Name of a tribe.

a isi-ij zubwidat, ssubaida, The marigold
(Calendula officinalis) ; name of the wife
of Hariin Arrashid.

a jay mbir, Written ; adversity, misfor-
tune ; the mountain on which God spoke to
Moses ; — eubair, Name of a companion of
Muhammad.

jirtj ziblr, Memory, recollection ; by heart.

a J*<3 zabil, Dung ; — zibbil, A basket, a
wallet.

zap, Straight, right, true.

O j J^ ?■ ts^i zi-pay bar-awardan, To throw
down.

jij zipar, A shield.

»j>j zapara, Quicksilver.

w>) zi-pas (for ax pas), After, behind.

«jj mt, Naked (perhaps misreadiag for
«uj q.v.).

Bj zaj, Name of a yellow bird ; — zuj, A
bone-headed arrow; a very short arrow;
dried curds.

5>

( 611 )

a 6) zajj (v.n.), Striking with the ferule
(of a spear) ; throwing ; running (an os-
trich) ; — m jj t The tip of the elbow; the
point of an arrow ; the ferule of a spear ;
long-striding ostriches.

a eW) zijaj, The canine teeth of a stallion ;
(pi. of zujj) tips of elbows ; points of Bpears
or arrows ; — zujdj, Glass ; — zajjdj, A glass-
manufacturer ; name of a learned gramma-
rian,

a zujdjat, A bit of glass ; a cup, a
glass ; — mjaja'i may'i ndb, A glass of pure
wine.

a i^V) zujdji, fern. u^s-W-j mjtijiyat,
zvjdjiya, Made of glass; a glass-maker;
— qasri zujdjl, A building of glass.

JW-j zajal, A spider.

isWj zi-jdy (for cut jay), From the place,
away,

a fr) zajr, zajar, Divination, augury from
the night of birds ; hindering, prohibiting,
driving, urging on; casting her foal (a
camel) ; — zajr kardan, To hinder, to pre-
vent, &e.

A Ejc^j zajr at, A shout ; the blast of a
trumpet.

a Jn-j zajl, Throwing ; sending a carrier-
pigeon ; driving away ; striking with a
spear; — zajal, Playing; a game; singing,
chanting; exciting to merriment; the
thunder of a cloud ; — zujal (pi. of zujlat),
Crowds, &c.

a zujlat, A crowd ; a part, portion ;
state, condition.

J)**-) zajmfd, Flax-seed.

a zajn (v.n.), Delaying, being slow.
zaja, &y zaeha, A woman who has
recently brought forth (so called until the
fortieth day after her delivery).

^5^3 zachagl, Child-birth.

At; zahh (v.n.), Kemoving (from its place).

a jU.j tsuhdr, A certain disease incident to
camels; dysentery (= q.v.).

A zihdf, (in prosody) A dropping of
one letter between two others.

a zihdm, Crowd, throng, press of
people.

a fry zahr, Breathing hard, gi'oaning (a
woman in labour) ; — zuhar, A miser.

a &>y*-} zahzahat (v.n. of 15=*)), Separating,
detaching ; driving away, putting to a dis-
tance.

a za hf. An army marching against
the enemy ; a battle ; creeping on its knees
(a child) ; dragging itself along (an ani-
mal) ; a shortcoming, a blemish.

a uiUj zahk (v.n.), Being tired (a camel) ;
stopping in one place ; going to a distance,
removing from.

A Jaj zahl (v.n.), Departing ; being
wearied, lagging behind; vanishing; —
zulal, One who fails in, or gives up, his
work ; the planet Saturn ; — gliuldmi zuhal,
Surname of the astronomer Abu Qiisini.

A zuhlufat, zuhluqat, The

marks left by a boy sliding from high
ground, a boy's slide.

a f*-) eahm (v.n.) , Pressing, squeezing (as
in a crowd).

a zahmat (v.n. of ^j), Squeezing,
pressing (as a dense throng) ; a crowd,
bustle, throng; pain, trouble, disease; —
zahmat bur dan (dadan, nihddan), To in-
commode, molest, annoy, torment; — zahmati
farang (farangi), The French disease ; —
zahmat kaehidan, To take trouble.

a (ji^ zahmat-kash, Afflicted.

a zahmati. In pain, disquieted,

troubled.

a Jy*) zuhul (v.n. of J*-)), Departing, re-
tiring, drawing aside.

a yt+j zahir (v.n. of j*-j), Groaning or
breathing hard ; a looseness in the belly ;
a twisting of the guts with griping and
discharge of blood, dysentery ; sorrow,
pain, illness ; one who suffers from gripes
or dysente^v.

tj zakh, A groan; tinkling of a bell j
(for dzakh) a wart ; the driving in of a
stake ; (for zakhm) a wound.

a cj zakhkh (v.n.), Throwing far away ;
travelling at a cruel pace (a camel-driver) ;
becoming angry ; rushing upon, assaulting ;
blazing, flashing (fire).

Aj^-j *lk&dr (v.n. 3 of /-j), Boasting,
glorying (against another) ; — zakhk^dr,
Full and swelling (sea).

a zakhdrif, Ships; insects flying

on the surface of the water ; — zakhdrifu 7-
arz, Gay-coloured vegetation ; — zakhdrifu 'l-
md, Channels for water in grooves, furrows,
or gutters ; — zakhdrifu 'd-dunyd, Worldly
pomps and pageants, earthly vanities.

ij^-j zakhdra, tjUtj zakhtdra, A branch.

a f-y zakhr (v.n.), Filling ; being full (the
sea) ; growing luxuriantly, being plentiful
(vegetation).

a <-Jj*>j zukhruf, Gold ; beauty, elegance,
ornament ; a speech embellished with fine
imagery and romantic fiction ; adorned
falsehood ; exaggeration.

a &ys.j zakhrqfat (v.n. of < -*/ i -j)> Arranging
(a discourse), so as to deceive people ; dis-
simulation ; falsehood.

*f-j zakhra, Spectator at games of hazard.

a >-<y.j zakhf (v.n.), Being vain-glorious,
proud.

zakhm, A wound, scar, aore, cut,
blow ; a fracture ; sickness ; a building, a
house, a palace ; a white antelope (this
doubtful); — zakhfrn afgandan (artdakfttan,
rekhtan, zadan, kardan), To inflict a wound,
to wound ; — zakhm bar-ddshtan (bar-giriftan,
chasMdan, khwurdan, firo-khwurdan, kasM-
dun, giriftan), To be wounded ; — zaJcfimi
birydn, A kind, of pilaw ; — zakhmi top, A
cannon-shot ; — zakhmi tez (ddman-dar) , An
effective stroke, a mortal wound ; — zajchtni

( 612 )

chashm, The evil eye ; — zakhmi kjianjar
(dashna),A poniard stab ; — zaJthmi dijla-rex,
A wound bleeding copiously ; — zakhmi kdri,
= zakhmi iez above ; — zakhmi hos, The
beating of the drum; — zakhmi gulula, A
gun-shot ; — zakhmi mza, A lance -thrust ;
— zakhmi lazzat-rasan, A well-aimed stroke,
a mortal wound (used in speaking of
lovers) ; — zakhmi sahamndk, An enve-
nomed, mortal wound ; — zakhmi ndkhnn, A
scratch with the nails ; astronomical lines ;
— zakhrn namak-band, A wound bound up
with salt to stop the bleeding.

a zakhm (v.n.), Forcing, driving
furiously; — zakhmi (v.n.), Stinking, being
putrid (flesh),

tS^jT zakhm-dzmay, Wounded fre-
quently.

a W zakhm-band, The construction of
a building.

"^jj*-/*^ zakhm-khwurda, zaWvm-
chin, Wounded ; — khAnzlri zakhm- klj ipurda,
Wounded hog.

J***-) zakhm-ddr, Wounded, struck.

zakhm-ras, Wounding, piercing.

6j j zakhm-zada, Wounded, struck.

0j mkhm-zan, Wounding, piercing,

zakhm-kdr, The construction of a
building. (See W ^j.)

^tyV&fcij zakhm-kari, A blow, mortal wound.

s\S ft*) zakhm-gdh, A wounded place, the
Beat of a wound.

cs!U**.j zakhmndk, Wounded, struck.

i+ij zakhma, The plectrum of a musical
instrument, the bow (of a violin, &c.) .

q zakhma-war, A performer on a
stringed instrument.

zakhmi, Wounded.

UjUi-j zakhndra, The branch of a tree.

4»ja.j zi-khwud, Of oneself; of itself; —
zi-khwud shudan, To be out of one's senses.

yji-) zakhun, Pride, conceit.

a £5^} zakhikh (v.n.), Flaring (a fire).

>>j zad (pret. of stadan), He struck; a
stroke, blow ; battle, conflict, combat ; — zad
11 ihwurd, Battle, conflict ; — zad u kob, zad
u glr, Beating and thumping ; battle.

\j) zida (in compos, from zidudan), Clean-
ing, wiping, scouring off (rust) ; dissipating,
dispelling ; — zida kardan, To polish ; (met.)
to render serene.

yjuiWj zaddnldan, To cause to strike.

ts^oj ziddy (in compos.), Wiping, cleaning,
scouring.

gj^VUij ziddydnidan (caus. of ziddyldan),
To cause to scour or cleanse.

Kx^Jj zidayanda, A polisher, furbisher.

yjLjjloj ziddyidan, To scour, cleanse.

jjj zadar, Over ; — zi-dar, Worthy, de-
serving (see p. 43).

(^lij zadagl, Percussion ; a blow.

yj^j zadan, To strike, beat, dash against,
flap ; to kill ; to shoot, fire off, discharge (a
gun, &c, m.c.) ; to touch ; to sound, blow;

to play on an instrument ; to verge, tend,
incline towards ; to forge (a sword) ; to
accentuate ; to eat ; to lie with ; — bdrdn ta-
dan, To cause to rain; — ba surkM zanad, It
inclines towards red ; — bo»a swufciM.Tokiss; —
ba-ham (bar ham) zadan, To strike together,
to dash against one another ; — blrun zadan
az, To draw out from, to withdraw; to
avert ; — tapdncha zadan, To give a smack
on the face; — tardzu bar sang (ba-zamin)
zanad, The balance weighs down; — jarahat
zadan, To wound ; — kjitrman zadan, To form
a heap or sheaf ; — dad zadan, To cry (m.c.) ;
— dushnam zadan, To abuse, to revile; —
sar dar sang zadan, To strike one's head
against a stone, i.e. to blunder, to lie; — daf
zadan, To beat a drum ; — ■shdna bar ydli a#b
zadan, To comb the mane of a horse; — 'indn
zadan, To lighten the reins ; — qadam zadan,
To step, to proceed ; — gul bar sar zadan, To
put roses on the head ; — laf zadan, To boast ;
— masal zadan, To propound parables, re-
late fables ; — musht xadan, To bruise with
the fist; — ndla zadan, To groaD, sigh, la-
ment ; — nidd (said) zadan, To proclaim ; —
nay zadan, To sound a pipe, blow a flute.

(ji^j mdani, Fit or deserving to be
stricken, killed, &c.

j^Jj zadwdr, Zedoary.

(jjjjj zidiidan, To polish, clean, scour,
furbish ; to clear the country of mutiny
or sedition ; to wipe sadness from the
mind ; to pluck, gather.

is^Jj ziduda, Polished, cleaned, brightened.

(;>s^j zadiinitan, (in Zand and Pazand)
To buy.

sjj zada, Strickened, smitten ; affected or
afflicted with any disease; accentuated;
masticated, eaten ; published abroad ; old,
worn out ; cut down, lopped off ; clipped,
trimmed ; adorned, set off ; forged (sword) ;
a cart, dray ; an order, row, series ; a line
(in writing) ; — zada budan, To be possessed
of a devil.

jj star, Gold ; money, riches, wealth ; an
old man or woman ; an old man, grey and
ruddy ; — zari asl, A principal sum ; pure
gold ; (for zard) yellow; — zar andiidan, To
gild ; to acquire money ; — zar ba-atish zadan,
To burn gold, (met.) to squauder, to dissi-
pate; — zar bar sikka rasanidan (zadan), To
coin gold ; — zar ba-zar ddd, He has struck
an equitable bargain, neither is a loser ; —
zari basta, Gold in a lump (not broken in
small pieces) ; — zar ba-sangi siydh kashidan,
To prove gold by the touch-stone; — zari
bahtcJidni, A kind of base gold or coin ; —
zari f.dza, Coin fresh from the mint ; — zari
tild (for tild), Pure gold ; — zari tauqifl,
Gold secretly spent for pious uses; — zari
ja'fari, The purest kind of gold ;~zari
thdlis, Fine gold ; — - zari khuslik. Pure
gold ; — zar kkwurdan, To take or receive
gold ; — zari dast-afshar, Gold reduced to a

( 618 )

soft state, and capable of being wrought
by the hand ; — mri dah panji, Gold de-
based by alloy in the proportion of one
ha!f ; — zari dah dahl, Gold without any
alloy ; — zari dah shashi, Gold, two-fifths of
which is alloy ; — zari dah mihl, The finest
gold (better than dah dahi) ; — zari dah
nuhi, Gold, a tenth whereof is alloy ; — zari
dah haehtl, Gold, a fifth whereof is alloy ;
— zari dak hafll. Gold, three-tenths of
which is alloy ; — mri rukm, Pure gold
(thus called after the name of a cele-
brated alehymist) ; — zari ni-kash (ru-mdl),
Gilded (copper) ;-~zari rumi, The sun ; —
mri roy-bast, Gold fresh from the mine ;
— ear mr kashad, bi-zari dardi ear, Gold
has gold in its wake, lack of gold makes
the head ache (proverbial) ; — zari sdda,
Pure, un wrought gold; — zari sard, Pure
gold ; — zari edv (sdwa), Pure gold, of the
full standard ; a particle or filing of gold
(which falls off when working) ; — zari
surkh, Gold ; pure gold of a red colour;
gold coin; name of a suit in cards ;—zari
mr/eh-sipar, The sun; — zari eiyak, Copper
coin ; — zari saped (safed), White gold, i.e.
silver; a suit in cards ; — zari safed az payi
rozi siydh-ast, Silver is (hoarded) for the
sake of a black day ; — zari shash sari,
Pure gold ; — zari shikasta, Gold of a low-
standard ; — zari shikilfa, The essence of a
flower ; — zari Hid, Hid, Fine ductile gold
for gilding ; pure gold ; — zari qalh, Base
coin ; — zari Mni, Gold, fresh from the
mine ; — zar hashidan, To hoard up wealth ;
—zar ki ruy bast, Vile gold ; — zari gul, The
yellow stamina of a rose ; — zari mtihi, The
scale of a fish ; — zari muzdb, Melted gold ;
— Bari maskuk, Gold or silver coin ; — zari
mmhi-afikar, A soft kind of gold wbieh
might be moulded into any shape ; — zari
mi?ri, Pure gold; mri maghribi, Purest
gold ; the sun ; — mri maujud, Beady
money ; — zari nab, Pure gold ; — ■ mri
ndkjiuni, The purest gold (on which the
finger-nail leaves an impression) ; — zari
nargis, The white and yellow of the nar-
cisbus ; — zari naqd, Ready money ; zar u
»m. Gold and silver ; — dar zar giriftan, To
gild, to covor or overlay with gold; to
immerse in gold, i.e. to overwhelm with
benefits or favours.

■Ajj zarr (v.a.), Buttoning (a garment);
chasing away, pursuing ; biting, grinding,
braising ; plucking out (hairs) ; being in-
flamed (the eye) ; — zirr, A button ; name
of one of Muhammad's followers.

y\fi zardb, Gold-water ; wine ; a moun-
tain near Baghdad.

)!) >r»V>j zarab-rez, Shedding blood ; per-
spiring.

a o»bj zardbiy (pi. of <jfi zirbiy or
mrbly), Couches, pillows, or carpets for
sitting on.

»*~*'»\>) zaratmht, Zoroaster (the founder
of the religion of the Magi).

zardj, The barberry and its tree.
zardcha, An Ethiopian wrestler
slain by Sikandar.

a J^j sir ad, A rope fastened round a
camel's neck, to prevent him from bringing
up his food when chewing the cud, and
throwing it on his rider ; — zarrdd, A maker
of coats of mail with iron rings (•>>; zarad).

a c\fi zarrdd-kkdna, Armourer's

shop.

**-*">\>; zarddusht, ianAAo^j zardduhsht,
ZoroaBter.

isf.fi zararl (for Ar. £»;V q.v.), Cantha-
rides (m.c.)

s—^j xarasb, Name of the younger son
of Minuchihr ; also of a son of Tiis.

Tjj xardsag, tarasang, A kind

of dust like gold with which they sprinkle
writings.

glj; zarrd', A sower, farmer ; — zurrd' (pi.
of sari 1 '), Sowers.

a W ; j zird'at, Agriculture, husbandry,
tillage; sowing, cultivation ; — zird'ati daimi,
Cultivation without artificial irrigation ; —
zird'ati gishldq, Winter-cultivation (m.c.
from T.) ; — zird'at kardan, To cultivate.

u^jj zardghash, Hard and sandy ground.

<j*\fi zardghan, A sob, hiccough also
«A>ttfi zaraghartk, Hard, sandy ground.
. a <J\y } zarrdf, zar (if, A giraffe, a cameleo-
pard.

a &i\fi zurdfat, zurdfa, A cameleopard, a
giraffe ; a troop of men.

a <yU.iJ jj mr-afehdn, Scattering gold.

a Jjiljj zurdfa (pi. of zurdfat), Cameleo-
pards.

tf*% zurdfin, A bar, a bolt ; the ring of
a door-post for fastening a door.

a &\y } zarrdq, A hypocrite, sycophant,
rogue ; an artificer.

a "W^jj zarrdqdna, Hypocritically.

a jjirtj) zarrdqi, Hypocrisy.

d\fi zardk, The barberry.

f \ ;j zar-dlu, fi zar-dlud, A plum.

jtjtft ij zar-anddz, A hooka- carpet.

» )^ £> zar cmdar zar, Profusely gilded.

*V'^ Jj zar-andud anduda), Gilded.

yjjjiM zar andudan. To gild.

(yLAjtjj drawishan, A species of violet.

a x } \fi zardwand, Aristoloehy, birth wort ;
name of a place near Madinah.

s>\)} zardwa, Name of a champion of
Iran.

tifi mrah, Sea; — zardhi akfuda, The
Caspian.
yVj) mrev, A woman's veil.
a s^;3 zarb, zirb, A hunter's lurking-place ;
a sheep-fold.

j) zar-bdf, jj zar-bafta, Brocade,
cloth of gold.

0% sarbdfl, Woven in gold, embroi-
dered.

. ( 614 )

t>4jj zarbdn, Old, decrepit; Abraham.

<*~«*»j) zar-ba-dast, "Wealthy, opulent.

«s-4» $ zar-baft, Brocade, cloth of gold ; —
nar-baft bun-da pamba kardan, Proverbial
expression for attempting something im-
possible ; — zar-bafti hdtim, A kind of gold
cloth (probably after the name of the
maker).

<3t|j zarbaq, Name of a town in Khurasan ;
also of a river in the same province, called
likewise nahri murghab-

j^tij) zarbaydv, Melted silver.

j) zar-parast, A mammonist ; venal,

selfish.

o# j) zar-poxl, The smelting of gold.

\J>)> $ mr-posh, Gold-embroidered.

w 4 ^>' i jj mr-paihar durukhsh, The
sun ; the planet Jupiter.

**>;j zurat (for Ar. SjJ q.v.), Maize, Indian
corn (m.c.) ; — zurati shiri, The milky Indian
corn (m.c).

jj xar-t&r, Made of golden threads,
gold-embroidered.

;j mr-tdri, Cloth of gold tissue.

(i^sjjj mrtusht, Supreme intelligence;
divine light ; the rational soul ; the first
created; the planet Mercury; a truth -
speaker; Zoroaster.

zartag, Juice of safflower.

<j*Wj) zarjami, A kind of grape.

J«*-)j zarjul, A game in which a small
stick is struck forward by a larger one, tip-
cat, hockey.

a ty*^5 zarjfm, zarajun, A vine ; the
shoot of a vine or palm-tree ; wine ; pure
rain-water standing in the hollow of a
stone ; (for P. zar-giin), Of a gold- colour ;
anything which dyes of a red or gold-
colour.

9j) zarich, A partridge.

^J^j) zar-choba, Turmeric.

Jftj) zarchtll, Jjijj zavTthul, = Jf^jj q.v.

° J°- )) zar-hall (zari hall), A solution of
gold used for painting.

"Hr 4 - jj zar-kkarid, Purchased (as a
slave).

j) zar-Miez, Rich, yielding gold, auri-
ferous.

zard (S. harit), Yellow, saffron-
coloured ; pale, pallid, wan ; saffron ; a
species of date; — zardi zamin, A skirret,
parsnip ; a carrot ; — mrd shudan, To become
yellow, i.e. to be near setting (the sun) ;
— zard u mrJch, (Yellow and red) Ashamed,
bashful, alarmed, timid.

A <>j} zard (v.n.), Strangling, throttling,
squeezing (the throat) ; swallowing (a
mouthful) ; making a coat of mail ; linking
together the iron rings of such ; — zarad, A
coat of mail.

s-^jj zarddb, Safflower- water ; bile ; the
pus or yellow matter running from a
wound ; saffron-coloured wine.

yj^Jt) xarddb-rez, Bad-tempered, pas-

sionate ; a bad temper ; freeing the heart
from anger ; one who sheds blood.

)\>> )) zar-ddr, A moneyed man, wealthy,
rich.

jJWjj zard-alu, A small apricot.
©Wjj ear dan, Name of a leader of the
Magi.

•M^jj zarddniya, The sect of Zardan.

<aSi*\ Ojj zarddhang, A sandy place ; firm.

)j>, >>j) zard-pur, A beech-coloured horse.

et-^jjj zardajt, Zoroaster.

*ard-cKarda, Yellow-skinned (said
of a beardless youth).

>>j) zard-ehugMi, yif Jjj zard-chuqu (?),
Name of a yellow bird.

V)V za.rd-chob, Yellow wood ; tur-
meric.

Jj?' J j) zard-chul, Steel,h&rd iron (doubt-
ful).

zard-chuh, Inclining to yellow
(probably misreading for the following).

zard-cMhra, Yellow-faced (said of
an old woman).
j\t jjj zard-Jchdr, = >iSUe>\^ q.v.

zarad-khdna. An armoury.
iiU. Jj) zard-khdya, The yelk of an egg.
yt- zard-Mav, Name of a plant found
in gardens, yielding a yellow fragrant
blossom.

&)^> eard-dara (zardi dara ?), Yellow-
hammer, ortolan.

tj Jjj zard-rukM, Turning colour from
fear or shame.

*s£>j Jjj zard-rang, Yellow ; bashful.

}) •i)) zard-ru (^ ruy), Bashful ; pale-
faced, sallow.

iJi) J jj zard-ru'i, Bashfulness.

U. zard-sd, A piece of gold unstamped.
zardust, Zoroaster.
zar-dada, A club, a mace.

j~> J;j zard-sar, A fire-worshipper ; name
of a little yellow-headed bird.

zardusht, Zoroaster ; Abraham.

,»U Jj) mrd-fam, Yellowish.

a, zard-quwdra, The sun.

>a3oj) zardak (dim. of zard), Yellowish ; a
carrot; juice of the safflower; the penis;
name of an animal whose fle»h is very
delicious •, any undyed stuff (as nankeen) ;
— zarclaki dashtl (reqi), Wild carrot.

Jj) mrd-kaf, (Yellow hand) The

sun.

'J'f J J3 zard-gosh, Malignant ; a hypo-
crite ; a flatterer ; timid, fearful (the last
meaning doubtful).

,_s£j)3 zardagi, A deep yellow colour.

j».>y zardam, d**^ zardama, Victuals
hastily prepared for a journey.

^^jj zardaman, Wind-pipe ; a kind of
bird.

yi £ zar-du, A smelter of gold.

jj J J; iar-doz, An embroiderer ; embroi-
dered ; fastened with golden nails (a
coffin).

( 615 ) ^

jjj mr-dotH, Embroidery.
vt ~"i ,i j) tsar-Aoat, Fond of gold ; a miser.
zarda, Rice dressed with honey and
saffron ; inclining to yellow ; bile ; a
biliouB habit ; jaundice ; smut ; a carrot ;
a parsnip ; name of a mountain containing
gold; a dun-coloured horse ; [zarda'i tukhm
{kh&ya}, The yolk of an egg ; — mrda'i
Mmr&n, The sun ; day ; — mrda'i Jcoh, Name
of a mountain in Laristan from which the
river Kwund springs;] — mr-dih, Gold-
giving.

mrda-ckav, vj*- ^j) mrda-chob,
Wood with which they dyo yellow ; the
larger species of swallow- wort; a kind of
paste.

SAsi-, sjjj zcvyda-rasida, Jaundiced,
**-*-*^;) zarduhsht, Zoi'oaster ; name of a
sage descended from Zoroaster; Abra-
ham.

i5<J_jj zardi, Yellowness ; yolk of an egg ;
jaundice; smut, mildew; a circle round
the sun ; — mrdi zard, Very yellow.
j3 zar-riehta, A gold thread,

/foil) jjj mr-riahtagar, A gold-thread
maker.

<^jf) zar ruhni, Pure gold.
a jjjj) mrzur, jpjj) zurzur, A starling.
b)bi zarzura, A kind of spider.
a tjflfo) zarzuria, Spotted, speckled (like
a stare).

I- } ) zar-sa, A crucible; melted gold;
like gold ; particles of gold.
jj zar-aaa, A goldsmith.

zarsdn, Like gold ; a gold thread ;
a bit of gold,

j|) zar-sdv, j,) zar-sdwa, Gtold-

filings.

;) zar-sdy, A manufacturer of gold
thread, a goldbeater, a preparer of gold
for painting; a crucible ; like gold.

V->) zaraep, = v*"'j>j 1- v -

*f jj zar-s&d, Turmeric ; name of a
fragrant Indian flower.

uwky zirishk, Barberries ; a certain fra-
grant flower.

^ zar-shinds, A banker, goldsmith,
or money-changer, as skilled in gold.

a £j) zar' (v.n.), Sowing, scattering seed;
seed ; a sown field.

a icjj mr'at, Seed.

a jV*d zar-'iyar, Pare as gold.

B^jj zarg&unj, Name of a stinking herb
brought from China.

a Ujjj zatf (v.n.), Making haste (a
camel) ; walking leisurely (a man) ; — zaraf
(v.n.), Breaking out afresh (a healing
wound).

O^jj zarfan, A decrepit old man ; the
patriarch Abraham.

(jUi jj zar-fishan, Scattering gold ; name
of the 9th of the month of the sera of
Yazdagird.

(^aij) zurfin, A bolt or ring of a door.

sJjj) zarq, Hypocrisy fraud ; detraction ;
pretending to abstinence.

a Jj) zarq (v.n.), turning towards any
object (the eye), so that scarce anything
but the white appears ; moving back the
saddle (of a camel) ; hurling or brandish-
ing a javelin (mizrdq) ; dropping excre-
ment (a bird) ; muting, being blind ; —
zurq (pi. of azraq), Blue-eyed ; blind people ;
sand-hills ; heads of spears or arrows ; —
— zaraq, Being blue or grey (eyes) ; blue-
ness ; blindness ; being clear (water) ; —
zurraq, A white sparrow-hawk, merlin.

a o^jj zarqa' (fern, of azraq), Blue or
grey-eyed.

a vij* oOj zarq-harq, Shining, splendid
clothes ; — zarq u barq, Magnificence, pomp,
royal grandeur.

o lAj$ Jtj surq-posh. Clad in blue (garb
of the Sufis).

a jjj sarq-sajjMa, Who spreads the
prayer-carpet of hypocrisy.

)) zar-kaf.mid, Seed of fleawort ; tur-
meric.

^>iji J;j zarq-farosh, A hypocrite.

I**)} zurqum, Blue-eyed.

tSJilii ssarquri, The herb dog's-tooth.

st gjSjj zarqun, Vermilion.

^j) zarah, Gold-leaf; — zirxk, The bar-
berry and its tree.

a zarah, The being of a depraved
temper.

j^jj zar-kdr, Anything golden or gilded ;
a goldsmith.

lt^ jj zar-hash, >*~£^ $ zar-kashld, A gold-
wire drawer ; embroidered or covered with
gold thread, gold cloth.

Mj^jj zar-hoh, A goldbeater.

jj zar-kaft, Plated with gold.

V'jij zar-hoh, Name of a rock in the
midst of the Sea of Oman, dangerous to
ships.

j^jj zargdr, zargar, A goldsmith; —
zargari charhh,, The sun.

«4>Sjj zargari, Business of a goldsmith ; a
kind of dialect.

zargunj, Name of a stinking herb
brought from China ; a large earthen
vessel.

& zar-giin, Of the colour of gold;
surname of Shaikh Salahu d*-din.

W*j5 zar-giya, Name of an Indian golden-
coloured herb.

I»;y zarm, Tears ; a shedding of tears.

a earm (v.n ), Interrupting (urine);
stopping, cutting short (a speech) ; — zarim,
In narrow circumstances ; avaricious, mean ;
vile.

zarmun, A decrepit old man ; Abra-
ham.

j) zar-mahcha, A golden or gilded
moon, or crescent, at the point of a banner
or spear.

^ zurnii, A trumpet, a hautbois.

( 616 )

tyifi awrn&pa,, zwmapd, A cameleo-
pard.

A sfJj) mrnab, Name of an odoriferous
plant; saffron.

zurunibd, J^ij) zwrurpbdd, <**W>J zu-
mrpbaha, Zedoary, a Chinese root.

sararpbulj, Sorrel ; a red currant.
zaranj, Name of a town in Sistan ; —
zvnnj, Gum of a tree.

•tfj) zarand, Hell; name of a, hard barren
tree.

tjVA*^ mr-nighan, Figures of gold inlaid
in steel (as in swords) ; gilded ; set in
gold.

zarnishangar, A maker of the
work described in the preceding article ;
gold-inlayer,

utUj; zarank, Magnificence, grandeur.

«s%) zarang, The barberry ; new ; a troop
of horses j yellow wood ; safflower- water ;
mustard-seed ; yellow clay used in colour-
ing ; the peak of a mountain ; hell ; name
of a large and hard tree ; name of a city,
the government Beat of Sistan ; (for *s!jjj
q.v.) shrewd, clever (m.c.) ; — zurang, A
troop of horses.

j^>j xar-nigar, Gilded ; inlaid with gold ;
painted with gold.

tfj) zarna (unsupported), and —

,jJ}V zarni, £t±j) zirnlkh, UWy zimiq, zar-
nik, Arsenic ; — zirnlkjii ahmar, Red arsenic
(used by the alchymists) ; — zirnlkhi asfar.
Yellow arsenic (used by painters) ; — zir-
nikhi zard, Orpiment ; — zirmkjii qirmiz, Re-
algar.

a gljij) zarnilaj (for P. zar-nila), Sorrel.
&\>ij) zar-nila, Sorrel.

«j zaru, A leech ; a kind of powder or
Balve with which the eyes are anointed ;
hardness in the hand or foot (the last
meaning doubtful).

u»Vyj zarwds, Liberality, munificence.

O^yj zarwdn, = <v)W>j q.v., Time (Z. zar-
wan) ; — mrwdni buzurg, Abraham.

A Jjy xarild, A desert on the road to
Mecca; according to others a hilly place
rich in water and vegetation.

w*™ 1, (pl- °f zirr), Coat-buttons.

a j) zar-warq, Talc used by women for
paint.

iiv.^ j zi-rost (for as ro ast), Is (made) of
brass.

a g^j) zurU' (pl. of sar 1 -), Sown fields ;
seeds sown; sbildren.

t))) zarugh, zurugk, A belch.

<*jjj zariih, Name of a medicinal herb ; —
mruk, A leech.

fcRyj zarwin, The ranine vein (med.).

»j) zara, zirih, A coat of mail ; name of a
kinsman of Afrasyab ; name of a province
in Sistan ; name of a sea or river ; [_zirih bar
do$h kasMdan (poshidan, dor bar anddkh-
tan, dar bar giriftan, dar dosh IcaeMdari) , To
don a coat of mail ; — zirih para kardan, To

tear a coat of mail ; — zirih dar-nawishim,
To make a coat of mail ;] — zura, A leech.

i^sJ^j zarhdnitan, (in Zand) To bring
forth.

<-*^» »jj zirih-bdf, A maker of coats of
mail.

i>jt *jj xirih-posh, Clothed in moil or any
other military garment.

8*> 6 jJ zamh-pech, (in Zand and Paz and)
Winter.

zarahtusht, uu*oSjj zarukdutht,

Zoroaster.

8jj zirih-jama, A coat of mail worn
over other garments,

Jj* *jj zirih-khud, The lining of a helmet.
6jj zirih-ddr, Clad in mail.
*;J zirih-sdz, A maker of coats of mail.
*>) zirihsum, What perforates coats
of mail.

zirih-kuldh, A helmet, with a tex-
ture of iron rings hanging down as a de-
fence for the neck, a casque.
jfij) zirihgar, A maker of coats of mail.
y *y zirih-mu (mo), One whose hair
forms a sort of covering (resembling a coat
of mail),

zirihwar, Clad in mail.
zarhun, The patriarch Abraham,
(jjj ntvrl, Brocaded silk (m.c.) ; drink-
money given to musicians.

<-*V zari-bdf, A weaver of brocade.

zarltunitan, (in Zand and Pa-
zand) To cultivate the ground.

jtj) zarlr, weir, A yellow-dyeing wood;
bile ; jaundice ; name of the brother of
Gusntasp.

a j&j) zarlr (v.n. of jj)), Being hot, red,
and inflamed (the eye) .

st zarlrd, Purslane.

Sjijj zarira, Wormwood.

a £>jj zirri', What grows in the fields
spontaneously from stray seeds.

U^jjj zariqdn, Tenacious, avaricious
(doubtful word).

a o^j) zuraiqiy. Name of a poet.

ut^ijj zirih, Tne barberry (a thorn).

(jly zarln, zarrln, Golden ; \_murg]ii zar-
rin-bal, The bird with golden wings, i.e.
the sun ;] — zarln, Bread steeped in broth
(= A. V).

giy zarin-turunj, The sun.

a •-r^^a> m ) eW &>j) zarin-jandh-ti-mahd-
lib, With golden wings and claws.

«->ij«> zarln-dirakht, The orange-tree,
zarinshdkh, (met.) The pen,

a <_>^ mrtn-sadaf, The sun.

flj^ (^Sj3 zarln-'izdr. Pale-faced.

a {A* (^jy zarln-'alam, Marked with gold
(cloth, a garment, &c).

a f** xarin-qadah, A white and yel-
low narcissus.

t-M zarin-kdsa, The sun.

t&£ zartn-kuldh., Wearing a golden
helmet ; the chamberlain or keeper of the

<5JJ>

( 617 )

palace, who wears a golden cap ; a golden
fillet worn by Persian ladies ; the sua.

p y*y zarin gdv, A drinking cup made
in the shape of an ox.

*~^> zarln-nargisa, The stars.

zarrina. Golden ; a golden vessel ;
a soup made of bread-crumbs ; — shah-nishini
zarrina-tdq, A portico supported by golden
pillars.

)^ zarrina-khwur, An eater of soups.
<^jj zartna-kafeh, Wearing sandals
of gold.

ts^** zarin-hum&y, The sun.
jiy zariv, Gravity, sedateness.
ay. jj zar-ytin (Gold colour), The ane-
mone ; green and pleasant ; yellow.

*><Hj) zarewand, Name of a wrestler of
Mazandaran.

zariwa, A trance, ecstacy.
V/ zazruna-tirba, (in Zand) A hen.
6Jj zazha, A clothes-line.

zust. Swift, violent, vehement, iras-
cible, harsh, passionate ; sharp, acid, pun-
gent; clear.
t>~) zutan, To live ; to excoriate ; to rob.
zash, What is the matter ? — zush,

Dew.

j^-j zishdr, A press for squeezing juice.
zaeht, Sight, seeing ; — zisht, Hideous,
ugly, rough, rude, austere, obscene, filthy ;
a race ; — zisht kardan, To win (in the lan-
guage of gamblers) ; — nek zisht, Exceed-
ingly ugly, hideous.

^**>j zishtar, Obscene, a bawdy talker.

ji. u>Aj zisht- kjitl (Mo), Bad-tempered.

^Jjiis^Aj zisht-kho'i, Badness of temper.

fcj zisht-diddr, Of hideous aspect.
*j zisht-ruy. Ugly-faced,
fcj zisht-ru'i, Ugliness of face.

a ui>j«_ «^e.j zisht-sirat, Ill-mannered ; of

zisht slrati, Rudeness, ill-

bad conduct.

ft i_s'j*~
breeding.

^ ut*Aj zisht-guy, An obscene speaker.
zushian, To unbark, skin, peel.

zisht-ndml, A bad repute, in-
famy, disgrace.

^y*) zishtt, Ugliness ; — zishtl u niku'l,
Good and evil ; sadness and joy ; poverty
and riches.

oLiAj zisM-yad, Detraction, back-biting.

fj>>) zasU, zashsM, What is the matter?

a <-Aej zii'af, A sudden death ; a poison
killing instantaneously.

A zu'dq, Thick, brackish (water).

a ls^Icj zi'amat, Part of the booty de-
volving on the leader ; a large fief.

a s-*j za'b (v.n.), Driving away or thrust-
ing back; cutting; filling (a vessel).

A /j za'r, Coition ; being thin (hair) ;
barren, bare (a place).

Aj^jCj zu'rur, Of a bad disposition; a
medlar.

a tfytj za'zd', Stormy, boisterous (wind).

a a^^cj m'sd'at, A large troop of horses.
a za'za', Stormy (wind) ; a hurri-
cane.

A i-icj za'f. Killing on the spot.

a "-Jpj za'zaf, Abounding in water (sea).

A o^ie) za'fardn, Saffron ; name of a
town in Anatolia.

a ft za'frdn-rez, Scattering saffron,

saffron-shedding.

« u jf m'fran-guna, Of the colour or
qualities of saffron ; a native of the city of
za'fran.

a JV*3 xa-'far&ni-, Dressed with saffron ;
saffron-coloured.

a za'/ari, Yellow, saffron-ooloured.

a zu'fuq, Of a bad disposition.

A (Jt) za'q (v.n.l, Calling out, terrifying ;
— za'aq (v.n.), Being timid, starting with
fear; being brisk, cheerful, leaping with

j°y-

A Jcj za'al (v.n. of J*j), Being brisk,
cheerful ; cheerfulness, alacrity ; — za'il,
Brisk ; very hungry.

A za'm, zi'm, zu'm (v.n.), Thinking,
supposing, imagining, presuming, or speak-
ing from belief ; speaking truth ; pretend-
ing, assuming, asserting without sufficient
warrant ; speaking falsehood ; — za'm, An-
swering for another, becoming surety or
sponsor; — za'am, Coveting, hankering after.

A (»ysj za'-iim, A stammerer; — xu'um, A
hesitation or impediment in speech.

^*ej za'ir, Linseed. (See ;«*).)

t) zagh (for zd gh ). A crow.

zaghar, Brackish ground ; a loud
cry ; a cry for help ; a sort of food ; millet
or rice-bread; nightshade; wet ground;
rusty ; mouldy ; a burning coal ; uneasi-
ness ; — znghar, A live coal, coal.

<^j^sj zagh&rcha, A certain sweet herb.

zag&dr-g&aa, Small strips of fur
wherewith the natives of some parts of the
East garnish the skirts of their clothing,
ji-fcj zayhdr-kirm, An earthworm.

•ijVij zag&drav, zaghdru, A brothel, stew.

8)^3 zaghdra, Paint for the face; bread
made of millet ; millet ; — zughdra, A live
coal.

a zaghdrit, Shrill cries of women's

joy.

yjjjlcj zagharidan, To cry aloud.

5jUj zagkdea, Bread made from millet.

y-Vij zag&ds, \J>^ chaghash. Uneasiness
arising from love.

«s)Vij zaghtili, A vine-branch.

zughdl, A live coal ; comel-tree or
fruit; — zughdli-sang. Mineral coal (m.c).

<)oa.\ JCij zu gh dl-akhta. The fruit of the
cornel-tree.

jVij zatfhdv, A courtesan ; a brothel.

a zagkab (v.n.), Having yellow hair
or down (youn g birds) ; also such as appears
upon the "head of an old man after his hair
becomes thin ; down ; small, soft hairs.

(

zugkbdr (probably misreading for
jUi) q.v.), Madder.

zagjibar, Name of a fragrant herb.

a ^ij zaghd (v.n.), Braying loudly (a
camel) ; making a loud noise ; forcing
butter out of a leathern bottle by pressure;
squeezing the throat.

s^j zaghda, Name of a bird.

a j±j zaghr ("v.n.), Overflowing (as a
river ; being enraged, exercising violence ;
excess, redundancy.

jij saggar, Trouble ; soft ground ; name
of a fountain ; a sort of food ; — zag&ar,
zughar, Name of Lot's daughter; also of
a tribe.

i^Vj zaghr ash, J^yfcj zggkarghash,
u^Wjij zatfkrim&sh, Scrapings of leather
which the currier throws away ; thongs cut
from a hide.

mgbara, The best pieces of leather
for sewing round the edges of garments for
showing to buyers as musters or samples.

tfi zugjizugh, A dwarf ; a child ; a small
bucket ; a species of bird.

a 4iy=j zaghzaghfi, Whispering, talking in
a whisper.

•siSij zaaliagak. A sob, hiccup.

a J£j zaghl (v.n.). Ejecting at one dash,
squirting out (saliva) ; giving suck.

r»^j zitgkum, Force, violence, injury.
zaf/han, A kite ; a black sparrow.

jUi} nugfcn&r, Madder, a dyeing root.

Jjij zaghand, The cries of a wild beast,
especially of a panther ; a spring, bound ;
a sally ; flight, levity.

i2&±j zagkang, Hiccough ; a wink, glance ;
a moment.

yjkeil&j&j eaghangdnldan (cans, of the
following), To cause to sob.

g^u&Aj zart/tanqidan. To sob, to sigh.

&fo zaghfda, A reed used by weavers to
wind their thread upon ; raw silk wrapped
round the spindle.

zaghuna, = q.v.

a AtAj zagh&d, (Butter) forced out by
squeezing the bottle.

a i^ty zaghula, Expressed (juice).

jt^i zag&ir, Linseed ; a kind of food.

A <-Jj gaff, >-*^j zifiif (v.n. of ^jj), Con-
ducting (a bride) home to her husband's
house (which is generally done with music
and much pomp) ; blowing (wind) ; going
with a quick pace (an ostrich or man) ; —
ziff, Young ostrich-feathers ; the feathers
of any bird whilst yet small.

i_iUj zifaf, A bridal procession (see <Jj
zaff) ; the marriage-night.

*i)U} zafalc, A rainy cloud.

(jjlij mfdn, = etcban, The tongue.

iiUj zafftna, Flame; tongue of a balance.
za f f < Thick, gross, rude, coarse ; 1'at;
full, heaped up ; acid, tart, pungent.

A o-J>j zaft (v.n.), Waxing hot, becoming

618 ) a*>

angry ; filling ; — zift, Pitch (of which there
are three kinds : riimi (Greek), tar (wet or
fluid), and k^ushk (dry)) ; black ;~mft,
Of a bad disposition, crabbed, quarrelsome;
avaricious ; astringent, styptic ; stupid,
ignorant.

zafti, Harshness, severity, roughness.

a ziftl, Pitchy ; \bahri zifti, The Sea
of pitch, the Eastern or Pacific Ocean ;—
znfU, Govetousness.

m f r > zafar, A jaw-bone ; the mouth ;
a corner of the mouth ; filth.

A J*) za j'<' (v.n.), Puffing, making a noise
in the throat (a man, or an ass beginning
to bray) ; crackling (a fire) ; — srifr, A bur-
den ; a leathern bottle ; travelling equi-
page ; an assembly, troop, crowd zufar,
A bold, brave man ; a lion ; the sea ; a full
river; an abundant gift; a strong camel,
able to carry heavy burdens ; a troop,
squadron, battalion.

O^Vj zafrdfldan, To eat much; to
sneeze.

<j>**»j*j zafrafickm, To eat little ; to threa-
ten to sneeze without doing it.

VJ za f ra t zufra, "Victory or gain at play;
sitting down to game ; the mouth ; the
chin.

(&fi zufrin, An iron ring for holding the
bolt or chain of a door.

a zafaf, Closeness of plumage.

j-Uj zaflwj, The beginning of a work
(doubtful).

a yjj zafn, Dancing ; — zifn, A shade or
awning spread above the roof, to keep off
the heat, wet or dew ; branches of palin-
trees stripped of their leaves, and woven
into a kind of lattice or net-work.

lmS ^) aifnt, A certain black medicinal
stone.

y>j mju, The tongue.

a <-*y>j zafuf, An ostrich ; — zufuf (v.n. of

<_ij), Going with a quick pace.

a zaflr, Impure, sullied, filthy.
WVi zaffmiyd, A thorny shrub.
u>)*i} zafizaf, The red jujube-tree.

a <-A,jj zaftf (v.n. of J13), Going fast (an
ostrich or a man) ; a quick pace ; quick,
speedy.

a zaqq (v.n.), Feeding her young (a
bird) ; muting ; — ziqq, A skin used as a
bottle (for wine) ; — zuqq, Wine.

a ju>j zaqdq, One who drinks at table,
having meat in his mouth ; — ziqdq (pi. of
ziqq), Leathern bottles; — zuqdq, A street,
lane, market-place.

a o^j xuqqdn (pi. of ziqq), Leathern
wine- bottles ; — (pi. of zuqdq), Streets.

a *r«ij zaqb (v.n.), Forcing anyone to
enter into a cave or a hole ; entering such ;
— zaqah, A narrow road ; near ; nearness.

a &j>) zuqqat, Name of a small bird ; grain
with which a bird feeds its young ; a medi-

( 619 )

cine given to a child, mixed with the milt
of the mother.

a zaqm (v.n.), Eating a kind of food
called zaqqum (see rfj) ; eating, swallow-
ing.

a |»}»} zaqqum, An infernal tree (mentioned
in the Qur'an), the fruit of which is sup-
posed to be the heads of devils ; a thorny
tree, cactus, Euphorbia antiquorum ; fresh
dates and cream.

a *ij zaqqa, A grain with which a bird
feeds her young ; a kind of medicine which
the midwife pours down the throat of a
new-born babe (see A.

i*!) zak, A black tincture, vitriol;' — zuk
(imp. of zaMdan or zuMdan), Mutter thou;
muttering to oneself; (in Zand and Pa-
zund) that.

A zakk (v.n.), Taking short steps (from
fatigue) ; lean ; leanness ;— zukk, The young
of the ring-dove.

a <A£; zakd' (v.n. of ujSj), Growing, in-
creasing ; living comfortably.

v^) zukdb, Ink ; spittle ; — zuliab, Aloes.

_ a Stf} zakdt, Purity, purification ; alms
given according to Muhammadan law, by
way of purifying or securing a blessing to
the rest of one's possessions.

ft zakdr, Panting (from heat or thirst),
eakara, Quarrelsome, litigious.

4-^3 zuhdsa, zukdsha, A hedgehog ;
a. porcupine.

a zvkam, Defluxion, rheum ; a cold,
catarrh.

<j^3 zakdn, zukdn, Murmuring, growling.

a tySj zahdtoat, Purity, probity, innocence ;
quickness of parts, ingenuity.

a zakt (v.n.), Filling (a bottle).

a/; zahr (v.n.), Filling.

a \s£) zakarl, WjS) zakartya, Zacharias.

<J<£j mkieh, Styptic, astringent.

a zakan, Knowing, understanding,
conjecturing.

jj^j zukanj, zikanj, A large dish or
trencher.

a^) mkand, A large earthen dish.

a zakdt, Alms.

j/j zaknr, A miser ; a robber.

a o*j z&kh iem. &+£j zakiyat, eaklya, Pure,
virtuous, just, pious, chaste ; one who gives
the prescribed portion of his wealth to the
poor.

zakiyd, (in Zand and Pa Zand) A

knife.

a**} zakld, Wearied, tired out, displeased.

fcjJ^j zakidan, mkidan, To mutter to
oneself in a rage.

a csMj zakik (v.n. of Walking with
short Bteps ; short steps.

Jtfj zugdl, Charcoal.

zugal-ah, iVS) zucjala, Ink; a mole
oa the body.

J-ij xagU, A wart.

a Jj zall (v.n.), Slipping, sliding, falling ;

blundering in speech, a slip of the tongue ;
— zull, Slippery (place).

a 4*J*j znldbiya, A thin pan- cake. (See

^j) tt

A Jj'j zaldzil, Afflictions, misfortunes ;
(pi. oizalzalat), tremblings, tremors ; earth-
quakes.

a J^j zulal, Pure, limpid, wholesome
water ; wine ; a yellow spotted worm bred
in the snow, which swells in cold water ;
— zulal chasma'i mihr u mahabbat, The pure
water of the fountain of benevolence and
love ; — zuldli khizr, The water of life.

a oSfSj zald'ifu 'l-muluk, Amaran-

thus (= zulfi 'arus, q.v. under <-*Jj).

a fi) zallat, Laud covered with crops ; a
wedding-feast ; whatever one carries away
from the table of a friend ; chattels ; an
error, fault, sin ; — zallat, zullat, A craft, a
trade; — zillat,A. slip; smooth shining stones;
— zullat, Difficulty of breathing ; asthma.

a {J) zalj (v.n.), Being borne lightly over
the surface of the ground (as on ice or
frozen snow, sliding ; slipping ; — zalj, zalaj t
A slip, slide, tumble ; a slippery place.

glj zalaj, A woodcock, a rail.

a j-Jj zalh (v.n.), Tasting ; vanity ; vain,
fruitless, unsuccessful,

A jJusSj zalahlah, Light of body.

a zalahlahat, Thin, broad (cake).

a fuJ) zulham, A Morocco cloak and
hood.

a jJj zalkh_ (v.n.), Striking with the
ferule of a spear ; a slippery declivity ; any
interval not exceeding a bow-shot ; — zalakh,
Waxing fat ; fatness.

a Jtyj zalzdl, Tremor ; agitation ; — zilttal
(v.n. of J>Sj), Causing (the earth) to
tremble ; an earthquake.

a 3jJj zalzalat (v.n. of J)l)), An earth-
quake ; — zalzala walwala anddkhtan, To
turn things iipsido down, to make a hurly-
burly, to kick up a row.

a zalt, A quick pace.

a g3j eal'a (v.n.), Being corrupted, in a
bad state (a wound) ; having chapped feet
or hands ; a crack or chap on the hands or
feet.

>-AJj zulf, A curling lock, ringlet, tuft,
head of hair ; an aigrette ; (in a mystic
sense) the divine mysteries forming the
delight of the devotee ; — zulf bar rukh shi-
kastan (bar-shikastan), To curl the hair ; —
zulf bastan, To discover herself (as a mis-
tress to her lover) ; to captivate ; — zulfi
partshdn, Dishevelled, scattered locks; —
zulfi tdb-ddr, Curling ringlets; — zulfi
khutan sakhtan, To curl the hair; — zulfi
khatd. Fault, transgression ; — zulfi dardz,
Long locks; — zulfi zamin, Night; the clay
from which man was formed ; — zulfi zamin-
sdy, Long curls (as if sweeping the
ground) ; — zulf sakhtan (shikastan, shordn-
dan), To curl the hair, to frizzle the curls;

uU> ( 620 ) U>

— zulfi shdhiddn, Marjoram; — zulfi thab,
Darkness; — zulfi shab dslmd hardan, To
spread darkness and make it dense; — zulfi
'arm {'artisan), Amaranthus, love-lies-
bleeding, cock's-comb ; — zulfi 'uqdr, The
feathers of the bird 'uqdr (egret?) used
for aigrettes ;~zulf gusietan, To fall loose
(curls) ; — zulfi 'ambarin, Perfumed locks ;
— zulf n fchdl, Ornaments of gold and
jewels wherewith a bride is decorated on
her wedding-night.

A <-&j zalf, zalaf, Proceeding, preceding ;
progress, step ; part of the night ; nearness,
propinquity ; — zilf, A garden or meadow ;
— zulaf (pi. of zulf at), First parts of the
night.

A &lj zulf at, Nearness, propinquity ; a
stage, a halting-place; a step, degree ; the
first part or watch of the night ;— zalaf 'at,
A cistern or tank full of water ; a plate or
large dish ; a green bottle or bowl ; hard,
uneven (ground).

<_4jj zulf.ddr, Having curls, curly-
haired.

U mix zulf-sa, Rubbed by the curls (said
of the cheeks).

e\S i_4Jj mlf-gah, Place where the curls
grow.

^^►tfJ) zulfinjuna, The hilt of a sword,
dagger, or knife ; name of an ancient king.
zalf a, A narrow dark place or alley.

a Jjilj sulfa, Nearness, approach.

zulfi, A sword-knot ; the chain by
which a door is fastened (see i^A).

zalfidan, To slide, stumble ; to fall
upon ice.

zulfin, A bar, bolt, ring of a door
(see e>9i>j).

a zalq (v.n.), Shaving the head; —
zalaq, A slippery place ; slipping, sliding ;
dropping young ones (a camel) ; shaving
off the hair ; onanism, masturbation ; —
zaliq, Soon angry, irascible ; cui sperm a
effluit ante congressum.

zalak, A live coal, a firebrand.

*2&3) zalug, A leech. „

A Jj) zalal (v.n. of J)), Stumbling, fall-
ing (= Jj q-v.) ; being lank-hipped; being
deficient in weight.

a f£y zalm, Filling (a reservoir) ; giving
little (in a present) ; cutting (the nose) ;
committing an error, blundering ; — zalam,
An arrow used in gaming or casting lots ;
a divided hoof ; also what grows behind
it ; name of a mountain ; name of a kind
of plant without flower and seed.

jSj zalii, A leech; — zalu'i asM, Horse-
leech.

Agjlj zvM,' f xulugh (v.n, of Rising
(sun) ; flaming up (fire).
zaliile, A leech.

a J^j zal-iil (v.n.), Being deficient in weight
(money) ; passing rapidly by ; conferring a
favour; bestowing a gift.

*Jj zalla, Victuals carried home by the
guests from an entertainment (construed
with the verbs bastan, ddshtan, kashidan,
guzdshlan) ; — zalla, zilla, A kind of cricket
which hums very loud in summer; accord-
ing to others, a black kind of beetle pro-
duced in baths and humid places.

WJj zallaha (pi. of the preceding) , Vic-
tuals, &c.

zalibiyd, A sort of fritter or pan.

cake.

a J) till, zilUyat, = jly q.v.

ta«Jj zulaikhd. The wife of Potiphar,
whose passion for Joseph is much cele-
brated in the East, particularly in the
elegant Persian poems by NiziLmi and
Jami.

«— Aaij zallf, Fear, dread.

(jjA-Jj zalifan, zilifan, Causing to fear ;
terror, fear, dread; a threat; hatred, re-
venge; a bow for separating cotton from
the seed.

<J><$j zalift, Terror, fear.

J-lj zalil, A hiccough, a belch ; slipping,
sliding (=Jj q.v.).

f»j zam (S. hima), Cold; a biting wind;
a wound ; a child slavering ; one whose lips
are turned out in speaking; a cheek, jaw;
a wick, a lunt, a match ; a tent, supposi-
tory ; gently, slowly, softly ; name of a
river, and of a city ; a midwife ; the well
Zamzam at Mecca.

a fj zamm (v.n.), Binding, fastening
(with transverse thongs) ; bridling (a
camel) ; raising the head (a camel when in
pain J ; filling (a bottle) ; — zumm, Name of
a place.

zi-md (for az ma), From us, than we

or us.

a jUj zimdr, The voice of an ostrich ; —
zammdr, A flute-player, flutist, piper.

a fcjUj stimdrat, A playiDg on the pipe or
flute zammdrat, A flute, pipe; a harlot;
a log tied to a dog's neck to prevent him
entering into a vineyard, a dog's collar.

zamarugfi, zvmdrugk, A toadstool,

fungus.

a zimwm, A halter fastened to the
ring of a camel's nose, a rein, a bridle; —
zimdmi ikhtiydr, The reins of self-control ; —
zimdmu, 'n-na'l, A shoe-lace ; — zimdm da-
dan (sipurdan, nihddan), To submit one's
will to another, to yield ; — zimdm giriftaii
khwud-rd, To refrain from evil passions,
&c.

yU} zamdn, Death.

a zamdn, Time, season; an age;
tense ; a season of the year, of which, like
the people of India, they reckon six, each
of two months' duration ; the world ; for-
tune, chance ; — zamani peshin, Former
time ; — zamdn td zamdn, From time to
time, at times, sooner or later ; — zamdn
dddan, To give time or opportunity;—

U> ( 621 )

toman u zarain, The universe ; — ba'da
zaman, After some time, later on; — pad-
thahi zaman, King of the world or age,
monarch for the time being ;—dar zaman,
In the time (of), at the time.

a &Ui zamanat (v.n. of Being worn

out with age or labour (a beast).

a ©Uj yUj zaman zaman, Time after time,
at stated times.

a ft- cjUj zamdn-gair, Travelling fast.

a «Uj zamdna, Time ; fortune ; the world ;
revolutions of the heavens ; — zamdna' i hal,
The present time ; — ibna'i zamdna, The
sons of the age, contemporaries.

a «Uj mmdna-gdz, A time-server,
tum-coat.

a (^gjLi a»Uj zamdna-sdzl, Time-serving ;
hypocrisy; necessity.

a j*-. AiUj zamdna-eair, Travelling fast.

a AiUj zamana-muwdftq, Well-timed.

« ij"*) zamani, Temporal ; worldly ; frail ;
— zamdne, For some time.

a zamdniydn, People of the

world.

a aj>Uj zamana'izin, Then, at that time.
a AXJUj zamdne-ki, When, at the time
that.

t>*^j zam-dhan, Hard, unmalleable iron ;
labour in vain ; sordid, mean ; doing good
to none.

J jr*j ssampud, A bee (perhaps misreading
for, or corruption of ;j**j).

V s *) zamatra, (in Zand and Pazand) Ridi-
cule.

p*) zamj, Vitriol ; gum ; — zamji billaur,
Alum.

a g-j zamj (v.n. of g«j), Pilling (a
bottle) ; — zamaj (v.n.), Being angry ; —
zummaj, Name of a bird (of the eagle kind),

(j***) zimji, The rump of a bird.

a Js^yj zimijjd, The rump of a bird.

gf) zamch, Vitriol ; a black dyeing colour ;
name of a place in Khurasan; — zamchi
billaur, Alum; — zimeh, A hawk, falcon.
zamchak, A winged insect.

ls^*) zamchi, Belonging to or native of
Zamch, surname of Ahmad Zamchi.

jj^eyj zamchikur, Alum.

a C") zummah, Ignoble, beggarly ; short
and ugly ; contemptible.

_ zimahn, ^u^j zimahnat, Of an evil
disposition; avaricious.

a zamkh (v.n.), Being proud and
haughty ; being tall.

zumujcht, eamukM, Styptic, astrin-
gent; sugar-cane; a very hard knot ; a
miser; harsh, severe; improper, untoward .

j-^a6<»j zamakhshar, A city in Khwarazm.

t 5/*cfc'*j zamakkshari, Belonging to or
native of Zamakhshar, and surname of
the celebrated Coran-commentaloi- and
lexicographer, Mahmud Jaru'llab.
_ «\afe«j zamukhk, zumulM;, Mean, avari-
cious; styptic, astringent; hard knot.

A zamr (v.n.), Performing on a flute
or hautboy ; filling (a bottle) ; making
known or public ; setting one against an-
other ; — zamar (v.n.), Being thin-haired
and of a dastardly mind; — zamir, Thin-
haired; dastardly; handsome-faced; — zu-
mar (pi. of zumrat), Crowds of people,
troops ; — zimmir, Strong, vehement.

a Sy«j zumrat, A multitude, troop, group, a
dispersed crowd.

a zumurrud, An emerald.

a iy-y zumurrud-giya, Cannabis sa-
tiva.

a zumurrud-nigdr, Studded with

emeralds.

a <£*f) zumurradi, zumurrudm,
Emerald-coloured.

A *>fy zumurruz, An emerald.

fc^jr*j zamrunitan, (in Zand and Piizand)
To sing.

ffy zamzam, (originally a repetition of the
word zam, Gently, softly, with the same
meaning), A low, whispering, buzzing
sound made by the fire- worshippers ; the
fourteenth chapter of the Zand ; — zamzam
qfshdndan, To cry.

a [»)<*) zamzam, A famous well at Mecca
called Hagar's well ; plenteous (water) ; —
[xamzami diish'flskdn (rasan, rasanwar),
The sun ;] — aimzam, Name of a town in
Khurasan ; — zimzim, A herd of camels six
years old ; a troop of men.

A zamzamat, zanizama (v.n. of |»y*j),
Rolling, pealing (thunder) ; (in P.) a mu-
sical manner of reading, a chant (construed
with the verbs asndan, past Jcardan, zadan,
and sar Jcardan) ; a low, murmuring noise
made by the fire-worshippers when per-
forming their ablutions, or at meal-time ;
soft whispering, flattering speech ; name of
a chapter of the Avesta ; — zimzvmat, A
group or number of men ; a herd of camels.

a jUji zamzama-parddz, <j^i?,

zamzama-flrdij, A singer.

a &*y} eamzama-mnj, A singer.

yyjS' &»y) zamzama - goy&n {fjuydn),
Singers, chanters ; cooing (turtles).

a Jtei^-y-y zamzamwsnak, Singing, 3hant-
ing, murmuring.

a zamzami, A goblet or vessel

filled with zamzam- water.

a gjo^.y.j zamzamldan, To eat much ; to
sneeze softly.

*ij zamistdn, Winter ; wisdom,
science.

gamistdnl, Wintry, winterly, bru-
mal.

a 5-) zam'a (v.n.), Being confounded,
astonished, panic-stricken ,- consternation,
fear, amazement ; the lowest, meanest of
mankind.

a zam q (v.n.), Pulling out hairs;
opening a lock, unlocking.
a ^i-j zimJci, Rump of a bird.

( 622

CJ^*j zamgdn, zwmgan, Hair about the
pubes.

. A J") (v.n.), Going as it were in a
limping pace from sprightliness ; leaning
to one side in running; — ziml, One who
ridet; behind another (on the same beast).

S^j zumulj, A small butterfly.

a 1*") zamam, Intent, design.

zaman (for zamin) Earth, ground,
&c. ; — zi-man (for an man), From me, &c.

A y**) zaman (v.n.), Being afflicted by
age or labour (a beast of burden) ; time,
season ; fortune ; calamity ; — zamin, Tried,
afflicted ; suffering of a chronic disease ;
paralytic.

3~»3 zamnaj, A cylindrical stone or roller
with which they smooth the clay roofs of
houses ; — zimunj, ziminj, One of two rapa-
cious birds called du birddardn, Two bro-
thers, because if one is overmatched by
the animal he attacks, he is aided by his
companion ; = g*j q.v.

ft zamu, zumil, Mud, whether moist or
dry ; — zumu, A roof formed of timber and
clay, or earth ; also the earth so used.

i) J yj zamiidan, To embroider ; to paint.
zamuda, Painted ; embroidery ; —
zumfida, A swing or see-saw.

a zamum, Quicksilver.

Of) ttamun. An ant.

ijyj zamuni, Subterranean ; a cave.

4*j zama, Bock-alum ; vitriol ; black
dye.

A Arv*3 zamhanr, Intense cold; forty days
after the winter- solstice ; the moon ; —
kura'i zamkarir, The most distant sphere
of heaven (considered to be extremely
cold).

a csrt)**) zamhariri, Intensely cold.
zami (for zamin), The earth.

*>W*j zamiydd, zamydd, Name of the angel
who guards the Hurls; the 28th of the
month.

zami-ddr, = j^J-s*-; q.v. ; An officer
under the Mughal government of Hindu-
stan, who (as the term imports) had charge
of the land, and whose duty was to collect
the revenues of the district entrusted to
his superintendence, for which he was
allowed a certain percentage,
zamidan, To chew.

a. X>*) zamlr (v.n. of yj), Piping, playing
on the flute or flageolet; short, dwarfish ;
a handsome youth.

a zami', Beady, diligent ; swift,

hasty ; bold ; sagacious, prudent.

A J*»j xamil, One who rides behind an-
other (= J-j ziml, q.v.).

t>~»j zamin, Earth, ground ; floor ; land,
soil ; a region, country ; the pavement at
the bottom of a pond or cistern ; the ground
of a picture ; (adv.) on the ground or floor;
— zamin az zlri pay kashidan, To frighten
mad people ; — zamini uftdda, Land which

)

has lain fallow for a time ; — zamini d'imma,
Lands granted for the support of priests ; —
zamin ba-db rasdnidan. To make the ground
firm ; — zamin ba-danddn giriftan, To bite
the ground, i.e. to manifest weakness and
humility; — zamin bosid-an, To kiss ground
(in token of reverence) \ — zamini tabistdni,
Land which yields only summer crops ; —
zamini tan fir, Land thrown in unto the
tenant over and above what is specified in
the lease ; — zamini jali, Land which can
only be cultivated during the rainy season ;
— zamini chdhi, Land irrigated from a
well ; — zamini husn-khez, A land producing
many beauties ; — zamin khardshidan. To
scratch the ground, (met.) to be bashful ;—
zamini khasta, Land ploughed or trodden ;
— zamin kjiwurdan, To have a fall (m.c.) ; —
zamin-ra ba-dsmdn dokhlan, To exert one-
self beyond one's power ; — zamin-rd sdya
shudan, Humility, depression ; ■ — zamin
zadan, To throw to the ground, to floor
(m.c.) ; — zamini eamistdni. Ground yielding
only winter-crops ; — zamin zinda ddshtan,
To cultivate the ground ; — zamini eaped,
A land without buildings ; — zamini sokhta,
Arid or barren ground ;— zamini shi'r{me,m),
The met^e of a poem ; — zamini mnrda,
Waste ground; — zamin u zaman, Place and
time ; the universe ; — 'ilmi zamin, The
science of geometry.

zamindd, — ^W^j q.v.
<J*$ zamin-bos, Kissing the ground ;
making a very low bow ; audience with the
king.

^U-o (jj^j zamin-paimdy.
zamin-justa, A land-measurer ; a traveller.

v^' (J'*") zainin-tdb, Heating the ground,
sand.

ehj^j zamin-khez, The produce of

land.

zamindar, An officer under the
Mughal government of Hindustan who had
charge of the land, and collected the reve-
nues, for which he was allowed a certain
per-centage.

^-yj zamin-ddri. The office of a za-
mindar ; the country or j urisdiction of a
zamindar.

jj J cr*"i zamin-doz, A kind of tent ; firm.
9-j 1^*3 zamin-rez, Rising from the
ground.

<^*j zamln-zdda, Earth-born ; man ;
Muhammad.

samin-sumba, Earth-piercing.
<u^jl£i^ zamin-Jcdrdna, Who makes ex-
cuses, pretexts, &c.

&mS ys-j zamin-Jcanda, A yam (root).

t>e-*j zamin-kob, A horse, camel, &e.
j£ tiX^j zamin-gir, A paralytic.
l )£ (^"j zamin-larza, An earthquake.
yJ^J zamln-neku; Good Boil.
,,£~-»3 zamini, Earthy ; subterraneous
house.

( 623 )

<-.-j;>

0j zan (Z. ghena, Q. ywrj), A woman ; a
lady ; a bride, a wife ; effeminate, timid,
cowardly ; one who assumes a bold and
animated air in walking ; (imp. of zadan)
strike thou ! <fec. ; (in comp.) striking,
beating ; [zani bdr~ddr, A pregnant wo-
man ; — zan burdan (khwdelan. kardan) , To
espouse a woman, to marry ; — zani buzurg,
Head wife (m.c.) ; — zani pisar, A son's
wife ; — zani pairdya, A tire-woman ; — zani
dud-afkan, An enchantress ; a dark night ;
— zani shily, A concubine ; — zani siyha, A
temporary wife ; — zani kueha'i bdwitan, The
world ; — zani mardana, A vixen, virago ;
— zani mu'tabar 'aqdl, A royally contracted
state-wife (m.c.) ; — zani ndrpastdn, A woman
with swelling breasts ; — zan u shuy, Hus-
band and wife ; — zan % farzand, Wife and
children; — rnard u zan, Male and female;
man and wife;] — sun, Tares.

a ty zann (v.n.). Shrinking, shrivelling
(a Binew).

to) zand (from zadan), Beating, striking.

a olij zand', Short, compact (man or
shadow) ; one who suppresses his urine ; —
zind' (v.n. 3 of ^j), Fornicating, commit-
ting fornication; adultery; fornication; —
una' bi'l-jabr, Rape, indecent assault; —
farzandi zind', A bastard ; — waladi zind', A
bastard ; a fire-fly.

A j>U» zannd, A whoremonger, fornicator.

Aj*i»j zanahir (pi. oi zambur), Wasps ;
hornets.

A J*>^j zanabil (pi. of zimbit), Baskets.
a zundt (pi. of zani), Adulterers.
a zandta, Name of a Maghribian
tribe.

a (jrti) mndtl, Of or belonging to the
tribe Zandta, surname of a celebrated astro-
nomer and geomancer.

E^j zunndj, Stuffed chitterlings ; paBte
doubled, between which are put fruits,
meat, and the like, a kind of puff.

a (jio^S) zanddlq, ft^Uj zanddiqat (pi. of
zindlq), Sadducees ; infidels; atheists; fire-
worshippers ; pagans, heretics.

a zunndr, SjlJj zunndrat, A belt (par-
ticularly a cord worn round the middle by
the Eastern Christians and Jews; also by
the Persian Magi); the Brahman ical thread;
a Hindu rosary ; (met.) the ringlets of a
mistress ; — zunndr az zlri kharqa, gushddan,
To divulge secrets ; to disgrace ; — zunndr
az kaniar gushadan, To unf aBten the reli-
gious belt ; — zunndr hastan, To put on the
belt ; — zunndr bastani zumbitr, The making
of cells by the bees ; — znnndri sdghar
(qadah), The bubbles of a goblet of wine ;
the ring left by wine in a goblet ; — zun-
tidri mlaimdni, A thin line in the middle
of Solomon's seal ;• — ■znnndri muslirnin, A
kind of sausage ; — arbdbi zunndr u ndqi'is,
Those who use girdles and bells, i.e. Chris-
tians.

a -Xif jUj mnndr-band, Girt with a zone or
belt ; an idolater.

a ;Uj zunndr-ddr, Belted ; a Brahman.

a (j*}>j^j zunndr-poshi. Investiture with
the Brahminical thread.

a ^Ajj zunndri, A covering for a horse.

a toy \ij zind-zdda, A bastard.

^j^Aji. Vij zand-sh-auhari, Wedlock.

^^4. zand-shu'l, Wedlock ; — zandshu'l
Jcardan, To toy with a spouse ; — 'aqdi zand-
shu'l baslan, To tie the marriage-knot.

A ^j\Jj zindq, A necklace, any ornament
for the neck ; — zundq, A ring on the bridle
under the horse's chin.

a zind-kdr, An adulterer, whore-

monger.

d igj&i) tdnd-kdri, Fornication, whore-
dom.

0^1} zandn (pi. of zan), Women ; (pres.
part, of zadan), beating, striking, <&c. (fre-
quent in composition) ; — sandni khwan-
anda, The women who conduct the bride
to her husband ; women who, being in-
vited, may visit the women's apartments;
bride's-maids.

iitsj zandna, Women's apartments ; femi-
nine; womanly.

<_J\i)Zandni, Of or belonging to women,
feminine ; of or relating to a seraglio.

(jjAjiUj zandnidan, To bring to life again.

a zandnlr, Pebbles, gravel ; small
flies, gnats ; name of a country ; (pi. of
zunndr), Girdles, belts, Ac. (see;Uj).

a ^ft) zindtm, Of or referring to adul-
tery, adulterous.

(jjj^i^Uj zindydnidan, To neigh, or to
make a horse neigh ; to cause (a dog or a
wolf) to howl.

SjCij zam-bdra, A whoremonger, wencher.
zambdn, Anise.

zambad, — the following (probably
misreading).

pij zambar, A vessel in which they carry
earth or clay ; a leathern bag for drawing
water ; a certain warlike instrument ; a
litter ; the barberry ; a cuckold ; a mean
rascal who will endure to be scouted ; a
whoremonger, rake ; — zumbcur, zumbur, A
kind of soft cloth with a long pile ; — zuni-
bur, Inflating the cheeks and striking them
so that the air escapes with noise.

usJ^tij zarnhurak, A cross-bow.

(^ij zambarl, A kind of ship.

3**»j zuwibughul, J^*^j zanibag&iil, Pilling
the cheeks with air, which escapes with
noise when the cheeks are struck.

A zarribaq (from P. q.v.), A sweet-
smelling flower; a lily; oil of jasmine; a
flute, a pipe.

J-jj zanibal, A leathern basket in which
dirt and rubbish is removed ; the barberry.

j>yn yj zan-ba-muzd, A harlot ; a pimp, a
pander.

a jjtij zatribur, A bee ; a camel- Bwivel ; —

^) (

zambnri-Ichar, A wasp ; — zamburi surkh. A
hornet; — zamburi 'asal, A bee.

at (j^-j^j zamburchi, A fusileer.

a zawfcMr-^drea, A bee's or wasp's

nest ; the person of a holy man, full of
divine grace ; vindictive.

a jjt>) zairibur-zard, A wasp.

a, ty )J^\ rambwr-gurkh, A hornet ; live
coal.

a <djy*i) zaniburak, A cross-bow ; a small
cannon; a cam el -swivel; a kind of very
sharp weapon.

a ^ jyi) mmMr-lcdfir, A sort of wasp,

a *y**j zanibura, A black bee ; a hornet ; a
small gun ; a particular kind of arrow-
head, and of military arms ; a kind of
guitar made from two gourds (in India),
the Vina ; a concourse of people.

OW^J zamburi, Reticular.

djti) zambuk, = ^y^y q.v. (unsupported
by examples).

4*5) zamba, White rose ; hair of the
pubes ; quicksilver (the two latter mean-
ings doubtful).

zamblr, A two-handled basket, a
pannier of palm-leaves.

J«*Jj mmbll, zimbil, A basket made of
palm-leaves ; a dried and hollow gourd or
calabash wherein women keep their cotton ;
a wallet; — mmbll dar db afgan, Throw the
basket into the water, i.e. give tip the
business ; — zamblli aalaimdn, A wallet in
Solomon's possession, which produced any-
thing he wished for (see c>W^).

J***j zambil-bdf, A basket- weaver.
Jiw*} zarribil-saz, A basket- maker.

dW) zambila, A thimble-case ; a ward-
robe.

SjV^ij zam-pdra, An adulterer, fornicator.
zumpdn, The herb or seed anise.

^a> zani-pidar, A step-mother.

jyjS yj zan-tambur, Name of a fortress in
Hindustan.

gJj zanj, Plaint, lamentation ; crying,
weeping; derision, mockery, jest, joke; a
knot upon a tree ;—-zinj, Two brass orbs,
which when struck together make a kind
of music or accompaniment to other instru-
ments; gum; heart-boating; quicksilver;
alum ; — zunj, Gum ; the chin.

s->W-j zinjdb (for einjdb), Pontic mouse.

jjjW-j zinjabl. Mouse-coloured.

a j*r) ztnjar (for P. j^&j), Rust, verdigris.

SjW zan-jdra, An adulterer, a fornica-
tor.

a J****) zanjabll (S. sringgavera), Ginger;
wine, especially that which the Muhamma-
dans suppose to be in heaven ; a fountain
of paradise ; — zanjabllw 'sJi-shdm {zanjablli
sMml), Elecampane; juniper; — zanjabilu
'l-'ajam, Root of the assafcetida ; — zanja-
bilu 'l-Mldb, Dog's bane; — zanjablli par-
warda, Preserved ginger.

u^j zinjarf, Red-lead, vermilion.

624 ) ^

)fr) zanjuru, zunjuril, Flesh- glue ; name
of a herb.

zanjara, An insect which makes a
noise in the night, a cricket.

ylx««jsij zanjisttin, The country of the
Zanji, Zanzibar, in Africa.

1-4^) zinjaf, A stuff, half silk, wherewith
the fringes or edges of garments are lined ;
edging.

jh^j zinjafr, SjA^j zinjifra, Red lead,
s-k?- yj zan-jalab, A pander to his own
wife.

^5*1*- o) zan-jalabl, Panderism to one's
own wife ; — zan-jalabi namudan. To pimp.

jfrj zanjur, A chain ; a harrow ; concate-
nation.

zanja, Gripes ; plaint, wail ; concate-
nation.

a zanji, Of the country of the Zanj.
zinjlr, zanjir, A chain ; the rippling
surface of water ; a harrow ; a ploughshare,
coulter; a term applied in enumerating
elephants, as head, is to horses, Ac. ; —
zinjlr az ham. hardan. To loose the chains ;
— zinjlr afgandan (anddkhtan, bastan, za-
dan, hardan, guzdshtan, nihddan) bar, To
bind with chains, to fetter ;—zinjiri dad
Cadi, nosMravjdn), A chain suspended at
the door of the royal palace which any
injured person might ring to claim justice,
a custom first introduced by Nushirwan ; —
zinjlr ddshtan, To keep in chains ; — zinjlr
hashldan, To take off the chains ; — iari
khdna zinjlr hardan, To shut up the door
of the house ; — dar zinjlr ddshtan, To keep
in chains ; — dar zinjlr hardan, To put in
chains,

a jtfs^j zinjir, Smack of the fingers.

a jn^r} zinjlr-ja'd, Whose curls form
chains (to enslave the beholder or to re-
strain those maddened by love).

j*— zinjir-edz, A maker of chains ; a
blacksmith.

a j-^j zinjlr-zdminl, Chain secu-

rity, i.e. a number of persons binding
themselves for one another, joint responsi-
bility.

•^y#f*) zanjlrak (dim. of zanjir), A small
chain; strokes excellently formed in writ-
ing or in sculpture.
£ T^j zinjlr-gar, — j^— j*=rj q.v,
^spj zinjir-mfty , = J** ^e^j q.v.
zanjir a, Anything resembling a
chain ; a margin (round a picture, &c.) ;
ringlets or circles formed on the surface of
water ; white spots on the finger-nails.
<£rt?F) zanjlrl, Mad, insane.

zanchak, A loose woman, a whore.
mneha, A common whore.
a (fj zankh (v.n.), Raising his head (a
lamb) when sucking (from suffocation or
dryness in the throat),

£») zanakk, The chin, or pit in the chin ;
a word, discourse, conversation ; idle, un-

( 625 )

meaning talk, chat ; boast, brag ;—z%na}ch
bar khyrnd zadan, To blush ; — zanakh zadan,
To wag the chin, i.e. To talk, to tell stories ;
to talk idly, pmte, boast, vapour; — ba-zlri
zanakh dad sutun kardan, To be sad, to
grieve.

zanakhdan, The chin, the lower
jaw ; — zanakhdan ba-jeb firo-burdan, To
meditate, to observe, to expect ; — zanakh-
dan gmhadan, To display beauty ; — ch&hi
zanakhdan, The dimple in the chin.

Oj (?) zanakh-zan, An idle talker, a
boaster, a braggart.

mnukhk, A kind of astringent diet.

^jV- fcJj zan-khwdzanda, The women
who conduct a bride to her husband's
borne (see zanani khwdzanda under y^j).

**"^>*- oj zan-khwdsta. Married (man).

■tfj zand, The book of Zand, name of
the commentary or paraphrase of the sacred
writings of the ancient Persians, commonly
called by the Persian writers the hook of
Zardusht ; name of the dialect in which it
is written ; the books of the patriarch
Abraham; a fire -steel; the m yr tie- tree ;
name of a champion of Turan; great;
name of a place belonging to Bukhara ;
— zind, (in Zand and Pazand) The soul.

a a j zand, The el how; forearm, arm;
an instrument for striking fire, mostly one
piece of wood rubbed hardly against an-
other concavely formed and receiving the
sparks.

\*-\ -^j zand-astd (for zand-awasta), Title
of the book of Zardusht or Zoroaster.

O^j zinddn, A prison, jail; pound, pin-
fold; — zindani birjis (mushtari), The sign
Virgo ; — zindani khamoshan, The grave ; —
zindani sikandar, The city of Tazd ; dark-
ness ; — zinddn kardan, To put in prison ; —
zindani manish, The world ; — zindani nd-
ma«jun. The fish which swallowed Jonah ;
— zindani naiyirain (Prison of the two
luminaries), The head and tail of the
dragon (the author of eclipses).

(jjlfi^'j zinddnbdn, A jailer.

(j'^a^j zinddnbdnl, The office of jiiler ;
— zinddnbdnl kardan, To keep a jail, to act-
as jailer.

t (jsp^j zinddnjl, A jailer.

yWj zinddn-kjidna, ^j-* sm-
ddn-sardy, A prison-house.

0 ^Jij zindani, Of a prison ; a prisoner.

j;^ zand-dwar, Allowed by the Zand;
free-born ; lawful.

zand-awaeta, Title of the book
of Zoroaster ; the first chapter of the same
book.

jW^j zandbdr, Harmless animal, as a
sheep.

Ul) JJj zand-bdf, A priest of the Magi ;
the nightingale ; a ring-dove.

JiSj zand-baztd, = V*^ and U-jiij

qq.v.

(for

P. zanda-pil), A

a Jirf^j zandabU
large elephant.

0 ^e* J3j zand-peche, Coarse cloth made in
Zand near Bukhara (see -iij).

y^i- jty zand-khwdn, A chanter or reader
of the Zand ; a priest of the Magi ; a night-
ingale; a ring-dove; any melodious bird.

y1j aJj zand-dan, = q.v.

fc^j^j zandrdn, A nightingale.

cjj zand-razm, A great battle.

^AJ^j zandarud, Name of a note of tbe
guitar; name of a river which runs
through Ispahan from west to east.

\z~H) zandastd, yU-JJj mndaetdn, The
book of Zardusht or Zoroaster.

a); zand-razan, Name of a place near
Nishapur.

jj- zand-soz, Who consumes or destroys
the Zand, i.e. an infidel, a magician.

zanduh, Salutation, benediction.
cJj zcm-daghal. An adulteress, a har-
lot.

a J**JJ) zandafil, A large elephant (see
J* *>>.

a zandaqat, nandaqa, A belief in the
two principles of light and darkness ; im-
piety, heresy.

(vjU^j zindagdn (pi. of zinda), The
living.

ij*^) zindagdni. Life; sustenance, food ;
— zinilagdni dddan, To give life ; to die; —
zindagdni kardan, To live; — zindagdni'i
duwum, The next life.

SJ u*WjiSj zindagdni- dih, Life-giving,

(j*-**} zindagi, Life.

sjS JJj zand-ldf, A priest of the Magi ; a
nightingale ; a ring-dove.

a fj^siJu) zatidanlchi, Cloth from the town
of Zand in Bukhara.

<->\j -Uj zo,nd-wdf, zand-wdn, =

<-j3 JJj q.v.

Ls-jJjj zand-wastd, Title of the book of
Zoroaster.

u^j-^j zan-d>)st, Fond of women ; a
whoremonger.

^J'-'y^j zan-dosti. Fondness of women,
debauchery.

jqUjjki) zandwandid, The eighth chapter
of the book of Zoroaster (probably meant
for the Vendidad).

sasj zanda, Immense, horrible ; a fire-
steel; — zinda, Alive, living; life ; a match,
or anything similar catching fire ; poor,
needy ; great, huge, terrible ; proud,
haughty ; name of a river which flows
through Ispahan; name of a celebrated
wrestler of Turan ; — zinda ddahtan, To
keep alive ; to be watchful ; — zinda sdkh-
tan (garddnidan) , To give or restore to
life; — zinda shudan, To become alive; to
kindle; to blow (wind); to be fulfilled
(hope) ;~zinda kardan, To bring to life ;
to light (a candle) ; to pay out (as an al-
lowance, <fcc.) ; — zinda, kardan kh-dk. To

( 626 )

resuscitate ; to cause to grow ; — zinda ganh-
ian, To revive.

v^jt 4,iS j zinda-posh, Poorly clad.

J»> zanda-pil, A male elephant ; a
large elephant ; a title of Shaikh Ahmad
Jami.

>1j i^Sj dnda-ddr, Keeping alive; wake-
ful ; — zinda-daraai shab, Those who pass
sleepless nights, or keep vigils.

jjjj zinda-dil, Live-hearted, i.e. pious.

y\j « JJj zanda-rdn, A nightingale (doubt-
ful).

zanda-razm, Name of a champion
killed by Rustam,

wnda-ritd, zinda-rud, A great
river ; name of a river which flows through
Ispahan.

jL. 8Jjj zinda-sdz, zinda-kun, One

who brings to life.

yvt- zinda-saJchun, One whose word
or speech imparts life.

^ilifciij zindagani, Life ; sustenance.

jS saij zinda-gar, Vivifier.

^ 8A>j zinda-gl, Life ; — (for zinda-gi,
When alive, = during one's life (m.c).

<_*t } 8^h zandawaf, The nightingale (doubt-
ful).

^jJ^ zandi, A follower of the Zand; a
fire-worshipper (see ^^Jj).

^^jkij zinadidan, To be impregnated.

a. (jjtJkJj ziwc% (for P. «^i>^j), One who
maintains the doctrine of two principles
(see tsjA* p. 347) ; a fire-worshipper ; an
atheist, a disbeliever in God and a future
state ; a heretic ; impious ; hypocritical.

a 0 S?.>*»j zindiql, Impiety, heresy.

«4>o>j zandiq, A follower of the Zand ; a
fire-worshipper.

yL-ij zinsan (for an m-»an), On this wise.

zan-siratan, <yj stan-siyar,
Of the habits or nature of a woman ;
pathics, catamites.

ia.Aij zinisht, Sight, vision.

zan-shwy, A concubine ; a man
who keeps a mistress.

jjU.^— J«> yj zan-fi'li sabe-chddar, The
world ; misfortune ; melancholy ; a cata-
mite ; a cheat.

a j^j zanq, (v.n.), Putting a ring encased
in leather as a chin-rein on a horse ; — zanaq,
The part athwart which the chin -strap
passes on a horse ; an arrow-head ; — zunuq,
Matured intellects.

a if*i yj zan-qahba-, A harlot ; one whose
wife is disreputable.

a &a>3 zanaqa, A dark, narrow street.

«sAij zanak, A little woman ; the sun's rays.

^ ulUj zank-dbdd, A quarter in Baghdad,
tj <jj^>) zan-kdrl bd khwesh, Coha-
bitation with one near of kin, incest.

^\t&) zankbiiri, Turpentine.

Aftj zanaka, A little woman, a wretch of
a woman (m.c).

isJoj zang, Kays of the sun ; light of the

moon; rust; a clapping of the hands;
clear water ; wine ; gumminess in the
corners of the eyes ; the testicles ; Btrong
and sharp ; hot, burning ; a bell carried by
couriers and qalandar-monks ; Ethiopia ; —
zang azdil rubudan,1:o soothe or rejoice the
hearty to console, to gratify ; — zang az dil
raftan, To rejoice, to be gratified ;— zang
bastan, To tie on a bell ; (met.) to ac-
quire greatness; to boast of greatness; —
zangi haiduri, A large bell worn by Qa-
landars round the waist ; — zangi dil (»im),
Sadness, sorrow ; — zangi Tear, A soundless
bell ; — zang kar kwrdan, To silence ; to s\ib-
due by punishment; (zang-ash kar ast,"he
has fallen from his high estate *nd is
reduced to poverty) ; — zang giriftan, To
gather rust; — zangi hawa, Darkness.

j^} zangdr, Verdigris, rust (construed
with the verbs uftddan, bar-ddshtan, bur-
dan, rubudan, raftan, zadan, sifurdan, shus-
tan, firo-k&ipurdan, kaehidan and giriftan) ;
— mngari ma'dani, Green vitriol.

<SJ! ~" J J^'j zangdr-basta, Covered with ruat,
rusty.

J Jr*" zangdr-khivurd (»»>y»- khwurda),
Corroded by rust, rust-eaten.

csA&j zangdrl, Rust-coloured ; rustiness.

a^j zangdn, Name of a city between
Kazwin and Tabriz.

a\£ij zangana, Name of a river ; name of
a note in music.

ASl&j zangdna-rud, Name of a musical
instrument ; name of a river.

(^fc^j zangdhan, Iron-filings prepared in
a certain manner.

zangbar, Blue vitriol; ink; a bell;
a coat-button ; Zanzibar ; name of a fabu-
lous island in India.

tjj^i) zwngbdri, Turpentine of fir ; native
of Zanzibar.

<Um^ zang-basta, Covered with rust,
rusty.

yU&j zangddn, Bells tied to women's
feet.

5;£}) zingira, — 4l&j zingila, q.v.

sjo^t jj 44<{} zang-ziddyanda, One who rubs

off rust.

isiS 4±ft} zang-girifta, Grown rusty.

JiSj sangwl, A bell, a rattle ; name of a
note in music.

aJ&&> zangaldla, Gradually accumulating
snow.

&&iy zangula, A note in music ; a bell
which women and letter-carriers tie to
their feet ; a rattle ; small globular bells
hung round the rims of tambourines; a
grand warlike kind of music; a coat-but.
ton ; name of a champion of Turkistan ;
[zangalai roz (zar), The sun ;] — zingila,
Part of a large bunch of grapes.

^ algjj zangula- pd, With bells on the
feet.

&^J,&j zanguliclia, A small bell.

tf55> ( 627

^3^'} zangula, A rattle ; name of a note
in music ; name of a champion of Turan.

iSjj&j zaiigoy. Name of a champion of
Turau.

_ *&j zangah (for a% dn-gah), From that
time ; — zanga, Name of a country ; also of
a wrestler.

e&j zangl, Egyptian, Ethiop, Moor,
Negro ; a savage ; a fool ; name of the
founder of a dynasty,

j^&j zangydr, A little hell ; a coat-
button.

lj^J zangl-ddrd, Leaves of spleenwort.

b\)* ts*j zangi-mizaj ', Of Ethiopian tem-
perament, i.e. habitually cheerful (merry
as a Greek).

a zanwmtdn, Two excrescences like
teats on a goat's neck.

*V* Oj zan-mard, Matrimony, nuptials.

^J**) zan-marda, A man-woman, virago.

^tf oj san-murtd, Hen-pecked.

AASj zanand, Decked, dizened ; ornament.
zananda (agent of eadan), A striker.

yj zanu, A ship-worm ; a leech.

6)^/3 zanubldan, t= gxJfS) q.v., of which
it is probably a misreading.

O^fi zinudan, zunudan, To neigh ; to
howl; to sleep or slumber.

yS) zanur, Stalk of a bunch of dates ; a
leech.

O^yj zanawldan, = o-^yj q.v.
*ij>j zanoya, The howling of dogs ; a con-
tinued moan.

zano'idan, zanoyidan, To howl ; to

neigh.

jVj zinhar, Security ; a deposit, trust ;
asylum, refuge ; protection, defence, patron-
age ; a league, covenant ; faith, religion ;
knowledge; wariness, consciousness, no-
tice ; grief, vexation ; complaint ; fear,
dread ; ridicule, banter ; abstinence, con-
tinence, avoidance; haste, speed; delay, sus-
pension ; take care ! beware ! by all means,
verily, truly, assuredly ; alas !

;\)^ ,)W> zinhtir-khtydr, A truce-breaker ;
— also

'V" J^j zinhdr-Miwah, A refugee ; one
who seeks protection, &c.

sjW zinhar-dada, Taken under pro-
tection.

zinh&r-dar, One who gives pro-
tection or quarter, delay or respite.

/»*jV> zinhar-glr, Who takeB under pro-
tection, a guardian.

,_5y\Vj zinhari, One who makes a compact ;
one who seeks protection ; subject, tribu-
tary, under protection ; a betaking of one-
self to a refuge.

Cl^V) zinkaridan. To be reconciled ; to
make peace ; to grant security, afford pro-
tection ; to raise complaints against ; to
render chaste, abstemious ; to hasten, ex-
cite to diligence ; to teach, instruct in any
science j to alarm, terrify.

)

<Jj zani, State of a wife; marriage;
womanhood ; — ba-zanl-dwardan, To wed a
wife ; — ba-zanl dddan, To give in marriage.

oWj zinydn, Aniseed sprinkled on a loaf
and baked with it.

zanlr, Wise, learned, intelligent.

A i5*>j zanlq, Firm, settled, fixed.
zanxla, A sheath, a needle-case.

a ,*tJj zanim, A worthless fellow ; (a
man) intruding into a society, tribe or
family, with which he has no connection ;
— zunaim, Surname of Abu Sariyah, one of
Muhammad's companions, who was sent
by 'Uniar to Nahawand and is said to have
heard there a cry, uttered by 'Ulnar during
the Khutbah, and warning him against
the treacherous designs of the enemy.

)) zav, The sea; name of the son of T&h-
masb; — zo (for az o). From him ; — zu (for
zud), Quick, nimble; quickly; haste, de-
spatch.

\jj zuwd, = *5\j) q.v. (unsupported by
examples) :

a zawdjir (pi. of zdjirat), Prohibi-
tions, forbidden things ; — zawdjiri shar'i,
Prohibitions by the law ; — zawdjiri tnukhd-
lafclt u muntabihdti dfdt, Prohibitions of
adversity and admonitions of afflictions.

A zavidkhir, pi. of q.v.

a *>\jj zawdd (probably for azwdd, pi. of
zdd), Mj) tiawdda, Provision for a journey.

jVjj mwdr, An under-jailer ; a servant;
an attendant on the sick ; a decrepit old
woman ; a shrill voice ; alive ; name of the
brother of Rustam.

Ajljj zawdr, A visitor; a stranger, pil-
grim; — zuwdr (pi. of zd'ir), Visitors.

Sj^j zawdra, An under jailer ; a servant;
the brother of Rustam ; a city in Persian
Iraq founded by him.

O-V^jj) zuwdrfdan, To be old or thready
(doubtful).

zawas, = <j*fy q.v.

U^jU zawdsh, = J*fo q.v.

j^j) zawdghar, A species of small bird;
a solemn feast-day of the fire-worshippers ;
name of a priest of the Magi.

A J^j zawdl (v.n.), Departing ; removing
from one place to another; declining,
perishing ; — zauwdl, One who walks with a
swinging motion.

J^j zuwdl, A live coal, firebrand.

a fij* J\jj zawdl-pazir, Transitory, fading.

4Mj) zawula, A large globular mass of
leaven prepared for baking ; anything of a
similar globular form, as a ball, either for
play or for a cross-bow or sling ; a three-
pronged instrument for sifting flour.

<$\fimwdn, A kind of drug; (for zabdn)
the tongue ; — zuwdn (for zubdn) , The
tongue ; a flame.

a y^j zatodn, Tares, darnel.

t)\>j zaivdn-bara, Lamb's-tongue (a
herb) ; fleawort ; a sheet of paper.

h> ( 628 ) „>

w^ji) zuwdnish, A star ; good fortune.

*i\>j zawdna, The tongue of a balance ;
a pivot ; flame ; — zawdna, zuwdna, Cotton
or eilk put into an ink-horn.

A u*\}j zawani (pi. of zdniyat). Whores.
zuwdv, A Zouave (m.c. through Fr.).

\3»\)\ zawdwuq, Quicksilver.

rtjjj ziwdh, Meat given to prisoners, prison-
diet; a ball for a cross-bow, made of clay,
of the bigness of a filbert.

a zawdhir (pi. of zdhirai) , Beautiful
flowers ; ornaments.

A zawaya' (pi. of zdwiyat), Corners,
angles.

a zawd'id (pi. of zd'idaf), Things
additional, superfluities, redundancies.

A Jftjj zawd'il (pi, of zw'il), Transient or
fleeting things, &c.

V»)3 zubd, (in Zand) A highway-robber.

^5*^3 zubdsihi, (for T. subashi), A presi-
dent,

fiWjj zubagh, Name of the man who is said
to have introduced the practice of sodomy.

a £*» 5 j zauba'at, Name of a demoD ; a
typhoon, tornado, or hurricane whirling
dust aloft in the shape of columns.

SjsJj) zublwa, The ferrule of a battle-axe.
zupa, (in Zand and Pazand) A loan,

debt.

zupin (S. kehipini), A short two-
pronged spear, javelin, trident, fizgig ;
musical, poetical; name of the son of
Kawus.

z °t (^ or az 0 tu r &)> From him to

thee.

)>fi zutar (for zud-tar), Quicker, sooner.

a sj) zauj, A pair, couple ; an even num-
ber ; a husband ; a wife, a spouse ; a cover-
ing thrown over a camel-litter ; — zauji
batul, (The husband of the virgin-daughter
of Muhammad) 'Ali ; — zauju 'z-zauj, An
even number yielding an even quotient
when divided by an even number ; — zauju
'l-fard, Yielding an odd quotient in such
a case.

a ^W^j zaujdt (pi. of zavjat), Spouses,
wives ; — zaitjati 'dli-darajdti 'ismat-sifdt,
Spouses of a high rank, and chaste.

A &>-jj zavjat, zawja, A wife, spouse.

a zauji, fern *e^>j zaujlyat, zaujiya,
Matrimonial ; married ; — zaujiyat, Mar-
riage.

a «V ^ Ej>) mu j yti fardj Odd or even.
A t>**jy zaujain (obi. du. used as noin.),
Husband and wife.
t)) zukk, A wart.

A zaud (v.n.), Preparing provisions
(zdd) for a journey.

Jj) zud (S. juti). Swift, quick; early,
Boon; quickly; at once; quickness, swift-
ness ; — zud budan (kardan), To be quick, to
make haste,

ztidd, Quickly, soon; — zudd hi, It will
soon happen that.

zM-d-zud, Quickly, readily.
«M <J)j zild-ashnd, Soon intimate ; sacred
offerings made by the Parsia at the fire-
temples.

jWl zud-anddz, An impromptu.
(js^W <3)) ziid-bdwari, Credulity ; credu-
lousness.

Jyt zud-bud, Unreasonable, inconsis-
tent.

y«>5j zud-tar, Quicker, more speedily ; as
soon as possible (m.c).

J )j zad-jdr, The game of tipcat.

I*-*"*- zud-khishm, Pettish, touchy.

zud-M.ez, Obedient, ready ; an
attentive domestic.

)) J )j zud-rav, A swift traveller.

Oj zud-zau, A quick striker.

°jj zi *^ Zli d, Quick, quick ! make
haste !

a j-— Jfi zudsair, Travelling fast ; — zud-
ser, Soon satisfied or filled.

a fMt* <>}) ziid-fahm, Of quick apprehension.

a ^j*^ >>}j zud-fahmi, Quickness of intel-
lect.

Jjj zud-kushdy, Sooa opened (a

lock).

Jjfojj zud-gard, Revolving swiftly.

zud-guwdrd, Quick of digestion ;
easily digested.

(_s^;j zudagi, Rapidity, haste (m.c.).

k*— ~* Jjij zud-mast. Easily intoxicated.

a Jja Jjj zud-naqd, Wealthy, ready-monied.

o~*y jjj zud-nawls, A rapid writer ; a
shorthand-writer (m.c.)

jL&a sCid-hushydr, Actively prudent.

(jOjj zudi, Celerity, quickness, speed; —
also ba-zitdi, Rapidly, swiftly ; soon (ba-in
zudi, So soon, so quickly ; shortly).

a jjj zaur (v.n.), Visiting; the upper part
of the breast; the breast-bone; a palm-
branch without leaves and fruit; under-
standing ; a visitor ; visitors ; — zaur, zur,
A lord, chief, leader; — zur, A lie, false-
hood ; adulteration ; deceit ; dissimulation,
hypocrisy ; giving a companion to God,
idolatry ; a false deity, idol ; feasts of the
Jews and Christians ; a choir of singers, a
musical concert ; power, strength, force ;
understanding, opinion, counsel ; taste of
meat, agreeable flavour ; softness and clean-
ness of a garment ; name of a river which
falls into the Tigris ; name of a son of Zah-
hak, and of a city founded by him ; (pi. of
azwar) armies ; [zur bdftan, To weave a
tissue of lies;] — zawar (v.n.), Inclination;
an inequality or obliquity in the two pro-
minences of a horse's breast; a looking
askance.

jjj zur, zor( S . Jura), Strength , power, vigour ;
violence, strong effort, force ; weight ; [zor
zadan, To use violence ; to make a strong effort;
to force ; to hit at (mm.cc.) ; — zor kardan,
To force ; to use violence ; — az zor, From
the violence (of one's efforts, m.c.) ; — ha

(

hazar zor u g&r, Amidst a thousand difficul-
ties ;~ba-zor giriftan, To seize by force ; —
saHdipur zor, A strong arm ;]— zawar (for
zabar\ Above ; (for zafar) the jaw.

a <•)))) zaura', Baghdad ; also the bend of
the river Tigris which washes its walls.

}*$ )p) zor-azma (^jT dzmdy), Who
tries his own or another's strength, an
athletic wrestler.

*>lyj zaurdna, Chains for the feet, fetters.
zordnidan. To be wearied, an-
noyed.

zor-dwar. Strong ; a strong man,
<-5tff M zor-awarl ; Violence, strength.
^)))Zor-bdz, Strong, robust; rebellious,
a rebel.

)fi tor-baza, Of strong arm.
A Syj zaurat, One visit ; distance.
^ )!ti xor - (zilr-) kjidna, A gymnasium
(m.c).

^•>_);j zor-ddr, Strong, powerful.

))) tsor-dida, Who has experienced
violence.

zau-ardin, The month of the vernal
equinox, beginning the Persian year.
(j>**joJ ztirftn, An iron ring, staple, hasp,
a zauraq, A ship, boat, gondola, bark,
yawl, skiff ; the prow of a boat whereby
she is moored j a sort of cowl worn by
dervishes ; — zauraqi zarrm, The sun ; —
zauraqi simin, The silver skiff, i.e. the new
moon.

a <J^ iJSyj zauraq-kash, Who draws a- boat,
a (J*;!)) zauraqi, A kind of monk's cowl.

>i> »or~kdr, Arduous ; doing violence.
J? Hi z or-gar, An athlete, a hero, a cham-
pion.

a ))) ziir-goy, zur-guy, A liar, a slan-
derer.

***JJ3 zormand, Robust, powerful, strong.

i5^jjj zormandi, Power, courage.
zormldan, To give power.

>d\i)fi zom&k, Strong, powerful.

I+Jj)) zawamlm, A patch upon a garment ;
also a gore or piece inserted to enlarge it.

l»J zor-u-dam, Power, strength;

pride.

» ))) zor-war, Strong, powerful.

if-}))) zawarwln, yiyj zawarln (for zabarln),
Superior, above, sublime, very high.

*yj zaura, The vertebrae of the back ; an
elegant oration.

u ;jy zorl, Power, strength.

zorldan, To loathe ; to commit
violence, to force ; — zawaridan, To raise
high.

zawarin (for zabwrin), Higher,

upper.

jjj zuz, Keproaeh, reproof (doubtful).

fiSjjj zauzak, The seed of hog's-bean ;
name of a herb.

tjjji} zozan, Name of a country ; name of
a king;— zuzin, A weight of forty -eight
grains.

629 )

tjyfi zozanl, Native of Zozan ; — mml, (in
Zand and Pazand) The knee.

jj )j zo zo (for az o az o), From him; —
zu zu (for zud mid), Quick, quick !

«yj ziiza, Weeping, wailing, lamentation.

jjjy zuzh, Wound, stab (with sword or
tongue).

zosh, Vehement, violent, hard-
hearted, wicked, unmannerly ; sharp,
acrid ; poten t, brave ; — zawash, zaioush,
The planet Jupiter.

zushldan, To drop, distil ; to involve
in trouble.

a fa zau' (v.n.), Shaking a camel's or
horse's rein to quicken his pace.

a £jj zaugJi (v.n,), Deviating, inclining;
causing to deviate or incline ; pulling a
camel by the rein.
zogh, A river.

j^jjj zughdr, Name of a certain high-prieat
of the Magi or five-worshippers ; name of a
country. (See j^\>>)

Jiijj zu gh/ M. Coal (m.c).

A vJjj zauf (v.n.), Spreading out the
wings and tail, and sweeping the ground
with it (a pigeon) ; walking with relaxed
limbs or slovenly.

a Ujj zufd, Hyssop.

Vjo ^ufard, Wild anise ; name of a bird,

(jjjijj zufrin, thJJjj zuflin, A hasp, staple.

a J^jj zufd, Hyssop (se zufd) ; — zufd'i
ratb, A filthy substance found on the tails
of the Armenian sheep, said to be owing to
their feeding on a milky kind of grass
which is very heating.

a *s)jy zauk, The strut of a crow ; the
shaking of the shoulders in walking ; a
pompous walk ; — zuk, Name of a village
in Taman.

a J;j zaul (v.n.), Putting to a distance,
removing, displacing ; wonderful, an aston-
ishing thing ; elegant; ingenious, clever ;
bold, intrepid ; a bird of prey, a bawl;.

J3) zill, A large cup ; — zaioal, Turnsole j
the herb clary.

<_5»Sjjj zuldbi, Name of Abu Muslim's spy.
zauldna, Fetters, tethers ; curly

hair.

8t> J JjJ n&l-gada, Goat's-thorn.

(j^jij zulfin, A hasp or staple on a chest,

zula, A lash,
tyj nun, A part, portion, share.
a <3a) z " % > z&un, A dwarf.
gJjj zawanj, zawiiij, ziwanj, zuwinj, A
sausage, a meat-pudding.

^jh) zawmieak, Hump-backed, of a
contemptible appearance.

zawang, Hump-backed, despicable.
j£>ji) zawangal, Hump-backed, despi-
cable ; — zawangul, A little bell ; name of a
note in music.

zuni, The knee.
zohmand, zohamand, Trees or grass
full-grown.

*» ( 630 ) ^

fc>-***jj zuhldan, To drop, distil, trickle.

gjjj ssawij, A sausage ; minced meat.

6)^15 zawldan, To be aboTe, high ; to
sigh (doubtful word).

eawira, A whirlwind, hurricane.

Sj za, Penis ; — -zah, A place where water
boils up and comes forth ; penis ; — zah,
zih, Bringing forth, child-birth ; offspring
of men (or of cattle) ; male seed ; penis ;
womb ; [bl-zah, bi-zih, barren ;] — zih, A bow-
Btring ; anything twisted or drawn through
a hole ; lace, a welt, fringe, purfle, border,
hem, or other ornament of gold or silk
round the edge or collar of a garment ;
reward, remuneration ; bravo ! well done !
good, excellent •, — zih ba.r-zadan, To sew on
a border ; — zih zadan, To renounce, to draw
back ; — zih kardan, To string, to draw (a
bow).

v 1 *) zah-db, zihdb (also spelled vT «j),
The oozing of water through a tank or bank
of a river ; a place where water springs
either from the ground or from a rock ;
deep water ; a running fountain.

»*!U)Vfcj zahdbndk, Watery, verdant
(ground), full of land-springs.

a «>U; zuhhdd (pi. of zdhid), Religious,
abstinent men, monks.

a io'iAj zahddat (y.n. of J*j),Not hanker-
ing after, abstaining from, putting away
(worldly things) ; real, or simulated piety.

zahdr, The pubes or lower part of the
belly ; — miiyi zahdr, The hair about those
parts.

»sSa> zahar4ang, The back girth of a
camel.

zahdz, A noise, clamour ; a cry for
help ; a bladder.

5j^*>j zih-d-zih, Bravo! well done ! — zihdzih
giriftan, To applaud.

yAsi^ zahdnidan, To cause to open ; to
enable one to win at backgammon ; to
throw down.

«wj S) zih-band, An ornament for a lady's
neck.

j^eS. i) zih-khiydr, A kind of collar ; early
cucumbers.

a ja; zahd (v.n.), Guessing the produce
(of palm-trees or crops) ; cutting a palm-
tree ; a small quantity, a sufficiency ; — zuhd
(v.n.), Abstaining from treating with indif-
ference (the things of this world) ; being
given to religious exercises ; devotion ;
continence ;^~zuhdw 'l-akl, Abstemiousness
in eating, frugality.

til^j zahddn, zihddn. The womb ;~zihddn
nihddan, To knock under, to acknowledge
one's inferiority; — uftddani zihddn, Lapsus
uteri.

sjLiJ Sj zih-dlda, Impudent, wanton-eyed.

j*3 zahr, Poison, venom ; anger, indigna-
tion; sadness ; [zahr ba-danddn mdllda ant,
He talks maliciously or idly j — zahri chashm,
Angry looks, looking daggers ; — zahri chize

giriftan, To bear up with the annoyance or
irksomeness of a thing ; — zahri khwvd ba-kase
rekhtan (dddan), To vent all one's anger
upon one; — zahr khwurdndan (dddan),
To poison ; — zahri khun rekhtan, To vent
one's spleen ; — zahri zamin, The cypress ;
the colocynth ; — zahr ziri nigin, Poison kept
in a ring against an evil day ; — zahri sabz,
Vitriol ; — zahr shikastan, To resist a poison;
— zahri 'adati, Poison habitually taken (aa
by arsenic-eaters) ; — zahri qatil, Deadly
poison ; — zahr kardan, To poison or em-
bitter (life) ; — zahri gosh, Ear-wax ; — zahr
mar kardan, To eat anything that dis-
agrees; — zahri mind, A bitter draught;
— zahri hcd&hil, Deadly venom, mortal
poison ; (the word is moreover construed
with the verbs chashidan, chakidan, khmir-
dan., dddan, damidan, raftan, kathldati,
and noshidan) ;] — zi-har (for az har), From
every, from each.

a j*} zahr, A flower, particularly a yellow
one ; flowers ; — zahru 'l-hajar, Lichen.

tyfcj zahr a (for zahra), Boldness.

A si;*) zahra (fern, of azhar), White
splendid, clear, serene, bright, shining,
beautiful, flourishing, blooming ; the wild
cow; surname of Fatima, daughter of
Muhammad -,—euhra'i zahra', The bright
Venus (planet) ; (met.) a dazzling beauty.

<r»ty»j zahr-db, Dirty, stagnant, or en-
venomed water ; rennet for curdling cheese ;
water in which fruits have been macerated,
their bitterness being left behind ; an aqua-
tic herb ; [zahr-dbi ajal, The cup of death ;]
— zahrdb, zuhrab, The nightingale.

t>y». vIjA) zahrdb-josh, " With poison-
water boiling " (a sword).

j\<i s-»V>j zahrdb-ddr, yj* ^j*) zahrdb-
gun, Of the finest steel.

^>*j zahrdba, Poisoned wateis

^lykj zahrdbl, The nightingale ; — zuhrdbi
(should probably also read zahrdbl), A
bright sword of the finest steel.

j*,) zahr-ashdm, Who has drunk
poison, poisoned.

t)*^}*) zahr-dgin, Poisoned.

ij^] y*j zahr-dldy, Poisoned ; poisoning.
zahr-dliid, Poisoned, envenomed.

yf\ yfj zahr-amez, Miugled with poison,
poisoned (a potion).

A aV^j zahrdwdn, The two brilliant
chapters, that of baqarat and dlu Hmrdn.

ts^jfej zahrduii, Name of a physician.

^ j*j zahr-bd, A kind of deadly poison.

jV? y&j zahr-bdd, The quinsey.

a Sybj zahrat, zaharat, zahra, A flower (es-
pecially a yellow one) ; the freshness and
bloom of a plant ; beauty, grace, loveli-
ness ; — zuhrat, zuhra, Whiteness, beauty ;
name of a tribe ; a flower, blossom ; the
planet Venus ; name of a place near Me-
dinah.

•u*. zahr-Hand (**»*■ tkanda), A

5*>

( 631 )

forced smile, grin ; smiling bitterly, forcedly ,
sardonically.

^ J ;*) zahr-ddr, Infected ; poisoned ;
poisonous, venomous ; — khanjari zahr-ddr,
A poisoned dagger.

/>j zahr-daru, An antidote against
poison ; bezoar.

Vsf ;*) zahr-giyd, A kind of poisonous
plant.

4 J** J*3 zahr-muhra, The bezoar-stone.

>i^Aj zahrnak, jjy*) zahrwar, Venomous.
zahm, Boldness, spirit ; power, vigour ;
the gall-bladder, bile ; — zahra'i shah, A
light by night; — zahra-ash bi-dartd, His
gall-bladder burst, his heart broke ; — zahm
rag ehudan, To be in a ferment, to be agi-
tated ; — mhra'i megJt, Drops of rain ; —
zuhra (see A. ipy mharat), The planet
VeniiB ; — zuhra dar mizdn, Venus in the
sign Libra, i.e. an auspicious time ; — zuhra! i
man, My nature or disposition, my genius.

a <j>>/t\M «y*5 zuhra-btmdgosh, With deli-
cate ears, Ac. ; handsome.

a «siy tjtoy zahra-tirdk, Broken in beart.

i mhra-jabm, With a brow like

VenuB.

a £tt mhra-t.ah', Of a pleasant dispo-
sition.

*;*>j tsahra-khanda-, Smile of con-
tempt.

a cjUj zv.hra-rukha.ri, Handsome per-
sons, with countenances like Venus.

a «j 8jA) zuhra-ru, With a face like Venus.

ajU. mhrasdz, ty *y&j zuhra-nawa,
Musical as Venus.

a j\j JSjAj zuhra-vidr, Like Venus (in
beauty and brightness).

zahri, Poisonous, venomous.

>>1)A) zih-zdd, Offspring, progeny.

tA*} zahish, Emanation ; copulation ; —
eihish, A fountain, water-spring ; praise,
approbation,

u*~&*5 zihisht, Breath.

a <-Afcj nahaf (v.n.), Being light, active,
swift ; making light ; lightness, agility.

a v3*) xahq (v.n.), Outstripping, taking
the lead ;— zahaq, Low level ground ; —
mhiq, Light, agile, active.

zakk, zihk,The first milk of a woman
or an animal after parturition.

x ctXfcj zahk (v.n.), Blowing hard, sweep-
ing the ground (wind) ; grinding between
two stones.

» jjf Sj zih-karda, Strung (bow) .

J*/*) zih-huni, A kick on the backside,
si zih-gir, A ring, generally of bone,
worn by archers on the thumb, to save it
from being cut by the bow-string, a thumb-
stall ; the womb.

jU fJdtj zihgir-sdz, A maker of thumb-
stalls.

Wa) zih-lakhd, zih-takhdd, Any

ornament sewed upon boots or shoes.
A f*j zahm (v.n.), Being full of marrow

(a bone) ; — zahm, zuhm, Fat, grease; bad
smell, stench ; Zedoary ; — zahim, Fat, very
greasy.

a u ..fc fe j zihmat, Stinking meat or fish.

($+*>') zahman, Name of a house iu Ray,
under which the owner found a large trea-
sure.

y*) zahan, A river (unsupported by ex-
amples).

»*!U«j zahndh, Possessed of progeny ; —
zihndh, One who begets noble offspring.

<s^-u»j zihanja, Discipline ; vehemence,
asperity.

a yfcj zahw (v.n.), Growing yellow or red
(a date) ; being tall (a palm-tree) ; being
near yeaning (a sheep) ; blowing, shaking
a tree (wind) ; being vain, proud, haughty ;
undervaluing, despising; giving pleasure;
elegance, good looks, a handsome counten-
ance ; a beautiful plant or its flower ; a
lie ; pride, vain-glory, vanity ; a lie ; a yel-
low unripe date.

y*j zahu, Ear-wax.

Ar*3 00- see un der $y .

Ajj«j zuhtir (v.n. of j*j), Shining (as a
lamp, the moon, or a face) ; flaring up (a
fire).

Jl) j 6 j zih-u-zdd, Offspring, wife and
children.

a <-iyt>j zuhuf (v.n. of <- A *j), Being sub-
missive, humble, abject ; being near, im-
pending (death) ; perishing ; telling a
falsehood.

a zahuq, A deep well ; perishing ;
departing ; — zuhtiq (v.n. of <J&}), Being
compact in the bone (marrow) ; being full
of marrow (a bone) ; expiring; perishing,
vanishing, coming to nothing ; passing
beyond the mark, missing (an arrow) ; out-
stripping others (a horse or man).

^jAj zihe, zahe, How good ! excellent !
well done ! — zihe ru'e, What a face ! (either
in admiration or, on the contrary, in dis-
paragement).

a xahld, Abstinent, abstemious, tem-
perate; shallow, holding but little water (a
channel, fee).

yieAj zahldan, To flow, trickle, drop,
fall ; to gain at backgammon ; — eihidan, To
bring forth.

a ja&j zaMr, Reduced by sickness, thin;
sad, melancholy, low-spirited; — zuhair,
Name of a celebrated Arabian poet,

j**) zahir, Name of an Iranian champion.

s->^~fcj zahlrdb, Name of the angel who
has charge of the earth as element.

03 gay. Life ; sustenance ; — zl (imperat.
and part, of zlstan), Live thou ; living ; life ;
fate ; provisions ; measure, bounds (az
zlyi khwud hirun rajta ast " he has over-
stepped his bounds ") ; a side, quarter, track,
coast, shore ; towards, near ; (equiv. to
aihi). Wonderful ! 0 charming ! — zl sipdhdn,
Towards Ispahan.

( 632 ) ^

ziydd (from A. S^)), Increase, aug-
mentation ; one of the games at nard ;
(opt. of zittan) may he live long ! a false
witness; name of a fortress in Laristan;
(adv.) much, in great quantity ; too much ;
more and more (mm.cc.) ; — ziydd shudan,
To be increased.

A ziyddat, ziyada-, Augmentation,

increase, surplus, addition, redundancy ; an
excrescence ; (in gram.) introduction of a
new letter into a word ; (adv ) more ; too
much, excessively ; — ziyada az, More than ;
— ziyada az hadd, To the utmost (m.c.) ; —
ziyada haddi adab, More would be the ex-
treme limit of politeness, i.e. would verge
on disrespect (usually the concluding plnase
of a petition) ; — ziyada shudan, To grow,
abound ; ziyada kardan, To augment, add,
amplify ; to overcharge ; — hurufu 'z-ziyd-
dat. The servile letters or incrementals in
grammar.

a / ^kj ziydd-tar. More, moreover, besides
(m.c).

a ^y^j ziyddati, Abundance, surplus ;
superfluous, redundant.

sr-lt ^'^j ziyddaU-talab, Who wishes for
more than his proper share.

a / bjUj ziydda-tar, More.

a 8oUj ziydda-jo. Avaricious.

a ^y^*- ziydda-sitdni, Extortion,

exaction.

aj~ So^j ziydda-sar, One who has a high
opinion of himself; one who engages in an
enterprise which he is unable to finish.

a tjf s^Wj ziyada-sari, Vanity, conceit.

a s^Vtj ziyada-talab (falb), Covetous ;
an extortioner.

a l _5*lk SJ^j ziyada- tcdbi, Inordinate desire ;
ambition, covetousness, extortion.

a ziyada-go, A great talker.

a (jJfcjt*) ziyddagi, Augmentation, increase.

a ziyarat (v.n. of jjj), Visiting ; a
visit (especially one paid to a sacred tomb,
&c), a religious visitation, a pilgrimage ;
— ziyarat (ba-ziydrat) dmadan, To visit ; —
ziyarat kardan, To make a pilgrimage to a
sacred person or place.

a «tf wj^ij ziyaraUgdh, A place of pil-
grimage.

a <t»U ziydrat-ndina, A passport for
religious visitation ; according to others a
prayer said during such visitation.

a <J>j*j ziydrati, A pilgrim.

a oiVij xiydfat, Non-currency, unsaleable-
ness of goods.

ziydn, (part, of zistan) Living ;
damage, detriment, deficiency, prejudice,
injury, fraud; — ziydn uftddan, A loss be-
falls one ; - ziydn dwardan, To damage, to
bring a loss to; — ziydn budan, To perish, to
be lost ;— ziydn hhwurdan (kardan, kashidan,
ydftan), To suffer loss ; — ziydn dashtan, To
be obnoxious, to damage ; — dar ziydn uftd-

dan. To come to grief, to incur damage; —
dar ziydn afgandan, To defraud.

j/t y\>j ziydn-dwar, Injurious, detrimental,

fcSJIjf O^i ziydn-dwari. Injury, damage.

j^^Sj ziydn-ddr, Noxious, hurtful.

d-^j ziydndan. To bring to life.

'•M^j zlydn-dida, Who has experienced
losses, injured, damaged.

gkj ziydn-rasida, Injured, damaged;
defrauded.

SJ ) O^j ziydn-sada, Suffering loss (in
trade) .

J&k} ziydn-kdr, fikj ziydngar, A de-
stroyer ; noxious, hurtful, destructive.

LS^&^i) ziydn-kdri, Injury; sin.

(j^j ziydni, A loss, damage^ perdition;
noxious, hurtful, damaging.

O-M^j zitjdmdan, To reanimate, resusci-
tate.

s-y zib, zeb, Ornament, elegance, beauty ;
lovely, graceful (construed with the verbs
dddan and shikastan); — zib u tar, Decked;
fresh ; — zib u zlnat, Elegance and beauty.

zibd, Beautiful, elegant ; adorned,
arranged; consistent; a woman's name
zibd kardan, To adorn one's business (ironi-
cally), to finish off ; — chi zibd, How beauti-
ful ! how appropriate ! how pertinent !
how well !

Wis ziba-khu (kjio), Of good disposition.

>)] s-y zeb drd, Beauty-adorning.
Wy zibd-ru (<^y ray), Handsome-faced.

"i~*>j-> W*j zlbd-sirisht, Of excellent dispo-
sition; of beautiful make.

JWij elbdl, Fleet, swift (horse, mule,
camel).

zibdn, Beautiful, elegant; decked.

(^trtj zibdyish, Decoration.

zibd'l, Beauty, gracefulness.

•Vij zibad, It is worthy, it becomes, be-
hoves ; fit, proper, becoming.

F>.) zibur, A vessel made of coarse cloth
for removing rubbish ; a counterpane of
camel's hair (see of which it is probably
a misreading).

a zibaq (from P. s )2j for 8^), Quick-
silver ;~~zlbaqi aswad, Ethiops mineralis ; —
zibaq ba-gosh. rekhian, To pour quicksilver
into the ear, i.e. to deafen -zibaq kardan,
To destroy ; to trouble, to disturb ;— zibaqi
mujazza, Drops of rain ; Tears.

a < _ s arij zibaqi, Of, belonging to quick-
silver; reduced by quicksilver (silver).

^s-jj zibgar, A decorator, adorner.

zlban, zaiban, Who abandons the

world.

^ALoj zibandagi, Adornment, decoration,
^■"■rfj zibandagt-bakhsh, Adorning,
imparting adornment.

5ju*>j zibanda, Adorned, elegant, beautiful;
beseeming, decent; — sarwi zibanda-khirdm,
A gracefully -waving eyprus (epithet of a
mistress).

zibud, A bee.

s-4j> ( 633 ) x>

t tjjtij zibiin, A kind of under- garment or

vest,

y>***>j zibidan, To adorn ; to become, suit.

a u^-i) zcw'tf (v.n.), Dressing (meat) with
oil ; olive-oil.

zadtdr, Mother or dregs of oil.

a Qff } zaitiin, A n olive-tree ; an olive ;
name of a celebrated player on the guitar
or lute (i^a* q.v,) ; — zaituni talkh, Slargosa
tree.

a zaitunat, A single olive.

a zaituni. Of olive-colour ; an olive-
garden; — ranghani zaituni, Olive oil.

E*j zij. Palpitation of the heart ; ridicule,
derision ; name of a certain instrument of
war (see also g*j).

« E*j «/ (from gig), A mason's rule; as-
tronomical tables.

zijak ("^^=4; zichak), The intestines
of a lamb stuffed with mince-meat, rice, &c,
and dressed.

gjj zich, A drawing out; active, ex-
pert, dexterous ; a delicious sort of grape ;
ridicule, jest, buffoonery, fun ; a boot (or
rather some part of a boot or shoe, called
jtyfcj by the Burhiini qa£i\ of which word,
however, the dictionaries give no explana-
tion) ; lace used in embroidery ; astrono-
mical tables ; — zich baetan, To carry out ; to
perform something great,

a zaih, fcjWjj zayahdn (v.n. of &y),
Being distant, absent.

a £>; zai/ch, O^Hi zayafchdn (v.n. of (4)),
Tyrannizing.

£ij zikk, Palpitation (from joy or fear).

a J<j zaid (v.n.), Being augmented ; in-
creasing, augmenting, adding ; proper name
of a man, frequently used in a fictitious
manner, as John Nokes or Thomas Styles
in English ; — zida, fern, zidat (3rd sing,
pret. pass.), Was increased, used in opta-
tive phrases, as zldat fazd'ilu-hu, May his
excellencies be multiplied ; — zida majdu-hu,
May his glory increase.

zidalc, Name of a handsome young

slave.

j>) zir, zer, Under, below, beneath, lower ;
shrill, sharp (sound) ; weak, thin ; the
character of the short vowel i (~r) ; any-
thing dressed under meat when roasting
(as rice) ; covered, concealed ; great, large ;
the smallest string of a lute, guitar, &c. ;
a yellow-dyeing wood ; a linen summer-
garment; — zir iimadan, To descend; — ziri
par giriftan, To warm or keep warm ; — ziri
iurdb, Under ground; a subterraneous
granary ; — ziri kjidk sipardan (Jcardan), To
count for nought, to consider as non-exis-
tent ; — ziri daman parwardan, To fondle,
to caress ; — ziri daman nigdh dashtan, To
protect; — zirirdn nihadan, (mot.) To subdue ;
— ziri zctban guftan, To speak in an under-
tone ; — zir zadan, To knock under, to throw
down, to floor (m.c.) ; — *iri zanakh mandan,

To remain sad ; — ziri sar (kuldh) ast,
He or it is under one's power ;~mri si-
ydhi budani ddg&, The mark is not well
impressed; — ziri shikam, Hypogastricun; —
ziri qalam dwardan {giriftan), To write,
to put in writing; — zir kardan. To con-
quer, to overcome, to subdue; — ziri nagin
kardan (giriftan), (met.) To subdue, to
bring into one's power ; — ziri lab guftan, To
speak in a whisper ; — zir-u-bdld, Below and
above, topsy-turvy ; sodomy ; sin ; — zir-u-
bdld kardan, To upset, to overturn (m.c.) ;
— zir-u-bdld guftan. To say whatever comes
uppermost, to talk at random ; — zir-u-bdld
nist, There is no doubt about it ; — zir u zdr,
A low plaintive tone of voice ; — zir u zabar,
Below and above; the vowels kasra and
fai'ha; topsy-turvy; — zir u zabar kardan, To
turn upside down, to destroy ; — ax zir,
Below, from under; — ba-ziri (dar ziri) khdk
kardan, = ziri kjidk sipardan, q.v. above ; —
ba-ziri (dar ziri) sar ast, = ziri sar ast, q.v.
above ; — ba-ziri qalam dashtan, To write, to
put or have in writing ; — ba-ziri nayin dash-
tan, To be possessed of, to have in one's
power; — dar sir, Under, at the bottom,
lower part ; — dar ziri bar kashidan. To im-
pose a burden, to put a load upon ; — dar
ziri lab guftan, To mumble, to speak in an
undertone, to whisper; — dar ziri mardu-
mdn khuftan, To lie beneath (with ?) men ;
— dar ziri miqrdz kardan, To cut with scis-
sors.

\j>.j aird, Because, on account of, since ;
anything placed under;— zird ki, Because
that.

"^W* $ y.) zir az miydna, Weak, infirm ;
vile.

y^j*) zir-afgan, ^ zir-afgand, A

small carpet, a rug; bedding; name of a
note in music (called kiichak, Small).

zirdk (.for zird ki), Because that.

jWl y.) zer-andtiz, The cloth which is
spread under a hookah.

O-M^j zirdnidan, To cause to sigh ; to
bring down from a high to a low place.

^ ft zir-ba, Broth or spoon-meat,

j'V)i; zirhdd, Name of a country.

_)W >>j zer-bdr, Embarrassed, overburdened
with expense or borne down with oppres-
sion.

ts;^ >ij zer-bdrt, Wretchedness.

f >i) zir-bur, A cut-purse ; a false friend.

^Cy zer-birydn, A kind of dish.

O^jj' fa zer-buzurgdn, A note in music.

±v ft zer -band, A martingal ; a girth; a
whip, a lash.

^ fi) ^r-pd, iJifij zir-pdy, Subject, tribu-
tary ; a shoe ; — zir pay kashidan, To induce
anyone to confess.

J*ji jtj zir-posh, An under-garment.

q~>, ]>.') zer-pech, A small turban worn
under a larger one.

fft zirtar, Lowor.

( 634 )

JO

•aLtf ft zir-tank, *a£tf ft zlr-tang, A girth ;
tie sun.

ft) zir-jdma, An under garment,
drawers.

v^W ft zir-chdq, A weak bow ; extremely
obedient.

ft zir-chob, Under the rod.

a ij**- zir-halqi, A blow on the chin or
jaw.

J ; l£ " ?~) ** r khwd, Name of a note in
music.

vi—a ft zlr-dast, A vassal; a handmaid
inferior, lower, nethermost.

•> ft zir-dasti, Obedience, submis-

sion.

iji^yft) zir-rikdU, A saddle-sword.

jli j>') zlr-zdr, A low, plaintive tone of
voice (see zir-it-zdr under ft).

ft zir-zamin (ziri zamin). An under-
ground cellar or cave (m.c.).

>5*~" /•) zvr-8am.ur, Lined with sable (m.c).

yUjij zirfdn, The moon.

Qjtft zirfun, The barren jujube-tree.

i^ift zirfi.n, A bolt, bar, latch of a door.

ytfj!) z'trqdn, Name of a month of the
9era of Yazdagird (probably misreading
for Ar. a^ft zihirqdn. Moon).

dft) zirak, Ingenious, intelligent, pru-
dent, penetrating, sagacious, smart, quick
in understanding or at manual labour;
steel possessing a wavy appearance called
jauhar ; name of a Mobad skilful in the
interpretation of dreams.

ft zir-kdsa, A wrestling trick.

zirak-umegM, The truly wise,

i.e. God.

jL. cdft zlrak-sdr, Sagacious, intelligent.

' A recogniser of

dft zrrah'Shinds,

the intelligent."

^i^* isJjy z~vruk-m.an.ish,, Of intelligent
mind.

i^ft ziraki, Ingenuity, sagacity, quick-
ness.

i\$ ft zer-gdh, A chair, a seat.
s-1 ft sir -lab (ziri lab), Under the lip, i.e.
mumbled in an undertone or whisper (m.c).

ft zlr-maehq, Anything placed under
a sheet of paper that one may write com-
modiously.

Aily. ft zir-miytlna, Middling, below par.
\ } j>j zir-ivd, A kind of broth or spoon-
meat.

^ ft zir-u-bdla, see under ft .

ft , ft zir-u-zabar, see under ft) .

ft j jjj zir-u-zabar shudagi, The con-
dition of being topsy-turvy.

tM, ft j ft ztr-ii'Zaba-ahuda, Topsy-turvy.

Ift zlra, Cumin-seed;— zira-db dddan, To
deceive ; — zlra ba-Jtirmdn burdan, To do
anything -silly, to act foolishly (to carry
coals to Newcastle) ; — zlra la-wa'da par-
warad, He does not keep his word ; — zira'i
rumi {dydli, kirmani), Caraway-sced ; —
zira'i sabz (sajld), Cumin.

W *ft) zira-bd, A dish made of the flesh
of birds, with cumin-seed and vinegar,

O^.ft ziridan, To be under or below ; to
bring down from a high to a low place; to
sigh, sob.

gift zirin, Inner ; inferior, lower ; infer-
nal ; of or belonging to the word zir.

O^.ft ziriyan, Vinegar in which onions
have been steeped (doubtful).

•ft zlz, Sleet ; a cricket ; onion.

dft zizak, The oxyacanth-fruit.

a <_s)*j zizl, Belonging or relating to
onions ; — khalli zizi. Vinegar in which
onions have been steeped ; pickled onions
(see eWjij above, which should perhaps
read ziziydn, as a P. plural of zlzi).

ft zieh, Snow.

zis, Side, part, tract, quarter, coast
(doubtful).

zist, Life, existence; (3rd person
pret. of zistan) he lived.

tjj^-jj zistan, To survive, live; — ba has
zistan, To associate, live with anyone.

tj^ij zish, A pipe, a little tube.

a £jj zaigh (v.n.), Inclining ; becoming
dim (eye-sight) ; declining from the meri-
dian (sun); deviating from the right way;
error ; doubt.

£>j zigh, A mat; any carpeting or cushions ;
renewal of friendship or love; joy, peace of
mind.

jUy zighal, A cup, goblet.

£?j £ij zigh-zlgk. The noise of a newly-
made door, window, &c, when being opened.
zlghan, Anything hard.

a <-4ij zaif (v.n,), Hastening ; strutting,
walking pompously ; sweeping the ground
with the tail (a male pigeon when courting
the female) ; being bad or clipped (money) ;
— zif, Clipt, base (coin).

zif, Sin; churlishness; inhuman;

pitch.

ztfan (probably for Ar. ziyafn), Long
and strong.

lay^Jj zif nun, Name of the city in which
'Azril dwelt.

a sjf.j ziq, The collar of a shirt; a quarter
in Nlshapuf ; name of a man ; — ziqu 'sh-
shaitdn, Q-ossamer, cobweb filaments float-
ing in the air in hot weather.

<3b i ^3 zlq-u-zaq, Children, family (see

dip-

uoj zeka, (in Zand and Paz and) Wind.
i_vSoj zikdsa, <w»^j zikdsha, A hedge-
hog.

<i£j) z'/rj, A mason's rule ; astronomical
tables ; threads by which embroiderers are
guided in their work ; a bird about the
size of a sparrow ; name of a tribe of
Kurds.

zlgar, (Boys) striking with the hand
the cheeks when full of air.
t J>j zil, Cymbals ; castanets.
a J>j zail (v.n.), Removing (from its

Jo

( 635 )

place) ; dividing into portions ; separating ;
—zayal, Width between the thighs.

a zaila', A sort, of shell, concha
veneris ; name of a city on the Abyssinian
coast.

ft) zllu, zaila, A kind of woollen blanket
worn by tbe poor.

fyfi) aelucha, A small woollen garment
or carpet.

*l*y zaimula, A vessel for carrying fruit
and vegetables in.

)j*ij zlmur, The disclosure of a secret.

l^ij zain (probably misreading for (^.j
(q.v.), One who has bid farewell to the
pleasures of the world ;—zln, A saddle ;
[zln bar asb nihadan, zln bar pusMi asb
bastan (guzasMan), To saddle a horse ; — zln
bar gdv nihadan, To prepare for a journey ;
to travel ; -zln bar gurg nihadan, To saddle
the wolf, i.e. to tame, to subdue (to bell the
cat) ; — zln bastan (tang Tcardan, giriftan), To
saddle ;—zlni zarin, The sun ; — ba-bald'i
zln (bar pushti asp) bar-dmadan, ba-pushti
zln nishastan, To ride ; — bar sheri nar zln
nihadan, To perform some feat of valour, to
conquer, to prevail upon ;— ba-zvri zln dar-
awardan, To saddle; — ba-zln andar-dmadan,
To mount ; — ba-zln budan, To be saddled ; —
dar zln zln kashidan, To saddle ; — dar zln
Bakhtan (kashidan),^ put a saddle upon ;]
(for az In) From this ; hence, because ;— zin
pas (zln sipas), From henceforth, hencefor-
ward ; — zln miydn, By this medium, hence.

a zain (v.n.), Adorning, decking.

jV^ t>y zln-afrdz, Horse-armour for
battle.

yWj zlndn. Caraway-seeds (see oW*y) ;
(for az man) from amongst them ; those
present,

A v~uj zainab, A woman's name.

u^ji kHj zln-posh, The ornamental covering
of a saddle.

a iwj zinat, Ornament, decoration, dress,
beauty, elegance ; —yaumu 'z-sinat, A feast-
day.

a \y utujj zinat faza, Adding to the adorn-
ment ; an adorner, dresser ; a tire-woman.

)^» yy zln-sdz, A saddle ; saddle- maker.
zln-s&zi, Business of a saddler.

SJ / W*j zln-kuda, i£ yy eln-lcoh, &JbjZ ^ij
zin-koha, The bow of a saddle.

/ttfj zingar, A saddler.

f*.) zmu, A woollen garment of the poor.

*JJ>j zlna, A ladder, step, stair.

"^j zlna-pdya, A step of stairs, round
of a ladder, &c.

jVaj zinhdr, Take care ! defence, protec-
tion; a league, a covenant; fear; a com-
plaint ; haste ; wariness, notice ; alas ! —
zinhdr Miwdstan, To seek security or protec-
tion ; — zinhdr Tdvuiurdan, To break faith, to
violate a compact, to betray ; to conspire
against ; — zinhdr dddan, To protect, shield
from oppression ; — zinhdr hardan, To be on

one's guard against (az), To heed ; — zinhdr
ydfian, To find protection or security ; —
ba-zinhdr ddshtan, To receive in trust Or
client ship.

j^ji zlnhdr-khwdr, A truce-breaker.

*V- ;V*3 zinhdr-khpah, Seeking protec-
tion; tributary.

j\j ^n-. zinhar-ddr, A protector, a guar-
dian.

y£ zlnhdr-gir, A protector, guardian.

tsj&fj zinhdr/,, Under protection ; a
coming under protection ; agreed, bound by
covenant.

tAtrij zinydn, Caraway-seeds.

y.) zl.v, A ship- worm; deceit, fraud.

zlwar, A street in a town or village ;
— sewdr, Equality, similitude, uniformity,
straightness.

l^J^j ziwar-dra, Street-adorning.

A kind of tare or darnel
growing amongst wheat, having a black
grain, which causes inebriety and madness.
ziyudan, To slumber agreeably.

jjjj zlwar, zewar, An ornament of gems,
gold, or silver ; — zlwar ba-khwud giriftan,
To adorn oneself ; — zlwar bastati (dddan,
»,adan, kashidan). To adorn, to deck out ; —
zlwar nihddan, To produce an ornament.

jjij zlwar-kashi, Adornment, decking
out with jewels, &c.

^jjj ziwari, The act of adorning or
decking out.

A <~i)!.) zuyfif (v.n.), Being clipped or
base (coin) ; (pi. of zaif) base coin.

gJjij zivlaj, A woodcock,

frjlj ziwanjo, A ship- worm.

a^ti) ziyidan, To suit, become, befit ; to
be adorned.

zayln, (in Zand and Pazand) Long,
tall ; — ziyln, A partisan ; partial.

j zh, called zd'i 'ajami or zd'i far si, The
fourteenth letter of the Arabic-Persian
alphabet, pronounced like s in " treasure "
or z in " azure."

j-jV; zhablzh, Southernwood; sap which
exudes from green wood laid on the fire ;
sparks of fire.

j^j zhdzh, A kind of camel's thistle ; a kind
of wormwood ; a sort of artichoke ; any
plant not growing from seed ; heath or
broom for kindling a fire ; sweepings of a
thrashing-floor ; circumference of the mouth ;
dung ; the door of a thrashing-floor sur-
rounded with a low wall for keeping the
cattle out ; idle, trifling, or insipid speech.

(jVi jVj zhdzh-khdy, yUU-j^ zhdzh-khdydn
(this also plural), A trifler; one who

% ( 636 )

speaks obscenely ; talkative, chatterbox
(m.c.).

^U. ft zhdzh-khd'l, Frivolous or obscene
talk; garrulity.

ft zhdzh-khwur, A frivolous or obscene
talker ; any beast chewing the cud,

^"ift zhazhumak, A pulse, French bean.

*ft zkuzha, A sort of thistle ; trifling
speech.

o^ift zhdzhldan, To chew the cud; to
howl.

zhdgha,r, The crop of a bird.
4iVj zlid'fa, A kind of fetid herb ; a hedge-
hog.

zhdlka, Name of a plant.
zhaghwar, A jaguar (m.c).
JVj zhdl, zhdla, Dew, hoar-frost; hail ;
vernal showers ; an air-blown bag or blad-
der for swimming with ; a log used as a
raft in crossing a stream ; — zhdla bdridan,
To hail ; — zhdla'i nargis, Tears.

fj^j zhdndarm, Gend'arme (m.c. from
Fr.).

ft zlulv, The purest or best of anything ;
pure gold.

yft zhawd, Chewing the cud; howling.

y-*t.ft zhdwulan, To ruminate ; to howl.
zhvbun, Advantage, gain (when un-
lawful).

tj shah, A groan ; the shrill cry of wild
beasts.

t$ zliakh, A groan, plaint ; the shrill cry
of wild beasts ; a wart ; troublesome ; dis-
quieted, weary ; — zhujch, A wart.

jU-j zhikhdr, A noise, cry; hardness.

zhakhsh, Lightning ; the rainbow ; a
ray (probably misreading for q.v.).

•Jj zhad, Gum, the tears of a plant.

tjjj zhidan, To darn ; to sew, stitch ; to
notch a millstone.

ft^ zhadwdr, zhudwdr, Zedoary.

4>>j zhadu, Pricked, punctured, notched
(see »^).

(^ljj zharagian, A sandy place.

zhardgkang, Sandy soil ; — zhu-
r agisting, Land full of flints, and cracking
from drought.

4»V>3zfiurrt/a, AchameHon; parti-colouved ;
a giraffe, cameleopard (for q.v.).

Jjy zhard, Gluttony; fulness; a glut-
ton.

aharf, Deep ; high ; depth ; end of a
work or matter ; deep search, strict exami-
nation ; acute, penetrating (man) ; great ;
much, copious ; a, long and tedious story ;
a ditch, a pit ; a narrow-mouthed vessel ; —
darya'i zharf, The deep sea, the bottomless
ocean.

Ujj zharfa, Depth.

(_4jj zharf-bin nigdh), Deep-

sighted.

^jfizharfi, Depth ; sagacity, penetration ;
penetrating, sagacious, deep-sighted.

<-*jj zharf-yab, Who fathoms the

depth of a matter, very penetrating or
sagacious.

ftfi zharwdr, Zedoary.

*jj zhara, A line for hanging clothes on,

jVcj zhaahdr. Bust, mouldiness ; a cry,
clamour, fearful noise; hardness, rough-
ness ; a colouring herb,

5 ;^j zhagiilra, Bread of mil!et ; the navel
of an ox, or of any animal ; paint for the
face ; complaint, lamentation, clamour.

J^j zhaghdl, Bread of millet; — zhugkal,
A live coal ; the cornel-tree or fruit.

zhag&dla, The navel of an ox ; bread
o£ millet ; red paint for the Eace.

zhagkdv, A brothel, stew; a whore.
zharihzhaak. Going backwards and
forwards ; labouring ; a gnashing of the
teeth, from cold or from rage ; the noise
made by nuts or by almonds shaken to-
gether in a bag ; also that made in masti-
cating food.

J^j zhaghal, zhughal, zhughul, A live
coal.

•wij zhayhand, The cries of a wild beast
when taken in a net ; a bell ; hardness.

<->j ehaf, Wet, moist.

us--»j shaft, Lean ; thick, corpulent.

zft zhafra, Victory at play ; — zhufra, En-
virons of the mouth.

tsUj zhafk, Gumminess at the eyes ; snot.

s-^ <^»j zhafh-db, w&i'j zhafgab, Dirt col-
lected in the corner of the eyes.

zhajldan, To he moistened or mace-
rated.

tAfij zhafida. Moistened, macerated.
zhuk, zhak, An inward murmur from
anger or vexation ; one who murmurs in-
wardly ; a traveller.

tj^-j zhakdra, Quarrelsome, squabbling,
disobedient, contumacious, stubborn.

jtfj zhakdzh, A species of iron mallet,
sharp at one end, a mattock ; a small mir-
ror; peevishness, frowardness, obstinacy.

<s~Uj zhulcdsa, zhukdsha, A hedge-

hog.

<sJ^j zhak.dk, A bird which feeds on
carrion ; — zhukdk, Coal (probably misread-
ing for the following).

J^J zhukdl, JVSj zhugdl, A live coal,
brand.

zhakdn, zhuJcdn, Murmuring in-
wardly ; — zhikdn, Wretched ; disturbed.

u~Sj zhakas, May God avert ! fly we to
God.

zhakfar, Very patient, meek, mild.
tS;*£j zliakfari. Patience.
jft zhakwr, A miser ; a freebooter, robber.

zhalcid, Fatigued,
yj^j zhakidan, zhukldan, To mutter to
oneself in a rage.

O^j zhigdn, Helpless, powerless, money-
less.

zham, A midwife.
«jy\ tsham-dwarda, Senior wife, matron,

>*)' ( 637 )

¥*j zhamu, Boras ; — also tshamulugk, A
cylindrical stone or roller wherewith clay
roofs of houses are smoothed.

tjj than, Base, deformed.

j^j zlmmMr, A basket for removing: rub-
bish.

■*>j zhand, A garment worn out and torn ;
a piece ; a patch ; a fire-steel ; the Zand,
or book of Zartushfc (see ■Hyj.

>-*4 ^ij zhand-bdf, The nightingale (see

■*>j >»ij zhand zhand, In pieces, piecemeal.

a-tfj zhanda, Old, worn out ; rent ; cut up
into strips; pure; a patched garment;
huge, horrible ; a bit, piece, patch ; —
zhinda, An old patched garment ; huge,
horrible.

d>>y>, s^j zhanda-posh. Clothed in rags.

J*> J-^j zhanda-pU, A large elephant ; a
furious elephant.

P)i ""^j zMnda-rasm, Name of Subrab's
uncle, killed by Rustam with a blow of the
fist.

zhankddn, A bell which women tie
to their feet.

zhamka, Blight, mildew.
»i£>$ zhang, Rust ; mould, blight ; night ;
the sun, sunbeams ; a patch upon a gar-
ment ; the boot of the impostor Mam ; a
wrinkle on the skin ; — zhing, A drop of
rain.

j^&j zhangdr, Rust ; verdigris ; mould.

zhang dr-zada, &xi^ jl&j zJiangdr-
girifta, Eusty.

zhangari, Of the colour of verdi-
gris, sea-green j rusty.

liSij zhang-basia, y.Jo iz&j zhang -pazir,
ij>)f. zhang-khwwda, Busty.

y^A&j zhangddn, tshangdan, Rust ;

Bmall globular bells hung round the rims
of Arabian drums.

zhangala, A cloven foot (as in oxen
or deer) ; — zhungula, The stop of an organ.

zhanqnlicha, An open-mouthed

bell"

zhanga, Blight, mildew, smut.
zhana, Sting of insects ; point of a
needle.
yt«i* zhinydn, Anise.
;\j3 zhuwar, An under jailer.

zhawdgJidr, zhawdgdr, zha-
wdgar, A solemn festival among the fire-
worshippers ; name of one of their priests ;
name of the chiefs of the idol-worshippers.

ehobin, zhopin, A sort of spear,
or demi-lance.

zhopmwar, Bearer of a lance,
spearman, lancer.
W zhiira, The Jura mountains (m.c).
t*yj zhcuwrah, Name of a small red bird,
jjj zhuzh, zhuzha, A porcupine, hedge-
hog.

CjJuAjj zhushidan, To distil, drop ; to be
troublesome, to involve in difficulties.

zhughar, A kind of bird.

J>j zhol, A lark, or any bird pecking up
the seeds after sowing ; sadness, grief,
agitation of mind.

"Ojj zhula, A lark.

O^)) zholidan, To become intricate or
mixed; to grow grey (hair); to change
colour or shrink with the morning cold; to
fall as dew ; to blow as wind ; to be scat-
tered or dishevelled.

zholtda. Entangled, mixed ; rubbed
with the hand ; dishevelled.

<sy sholida-moy, One who has en-

tangled or dishevelled hair.

axy.jj zJiilmMa, A field sown and watered.

y^j zhun, A kind of bird ; an idol, false
god.

yj^jj zhohidan, To distil, drop, trickle
(as rain from the eaves).

s-ii^jj zhofcda, Watered (garden).

*j zha (= &$-), An affix of diminution.

^sj zhi, A reservoir, cistern, ditch ; ele-
gant apparel ; name of a village near Isfa-
han,

O^j zhiydn, Formidable, terrible, rapa-
cious, fierce, angry ; a savage bea&t ; a
scorpion ; a wood ; — sheri zhii/an, A fierce
lion.

j?5 zhir, A cistern, reservoir.
a j>j zhlra, Cumin-seed,
jij zhiz, A man ; a wrestler, champion
(doubtful).
jij zhlzh, Carrion ; filthy, impure.
jWj zhighdl, A large cup.
usiij zhih. Drops of rain ; a porcupine.
<i£ij zhtg, A friend, companion ; drops of
rain.

<£ty zMn, A friend, companion, associate.
,v)U{j zhlndfi, Anise.

5yj zhiwa, Quicksilver, mercury (see *}**).

a*

u- , called slni g&air manqu.ta, slni muh-
mala, "Undotted sin, the fifteenth letter of
the Arabic-Persian alphabet, denotes 60 in
arithmetic, aud is in almanacks the charac-
ter for the sun in his sixth aspect ; as a
sibilant letter it interchanges with other
sibilants and with & h.

U sa (for sdv), Tribute, revenue; a kind
of rich silk ; (in comp., from sdyidan)
rubbing, as jabm-sd, Rubbing the forehead
(on the ground), i.e. making a profound
reverence ; (as an affix) like, as 'avibar-sd,
Resembling ambergris.

a v>'\~ sa'b (v.n.), Strangling, suffoca-
ting ; stretching, widening (a leathern
bottle) ; a bottle ; a leathern case in which

v^U ( 688 ) fiL.

the bottle is put ; — scCab, Bein g saturated
■with, water.

a s->^~> «aW, A curser, reviler.

A tUL, sabat, A covered passage con-
necting two houses.

sdban, A road-sign (either of stone
or wood), to mark the parasangs ; a spar-
row ; a starling ; the survivors (the last
three meanings doubtful).

a £)U sdbih, A swimmer; a swift-going
horse.

A uyW-,U sabihat, Spirits of the faithful
(i.e of Muhammadans) ; ships ; stars, pla-
nets.

a sdbiri, Cloth of the finest and

most excellent kind ; the best species of
dates.

E)^- sabizaj, tsJ)>L, sabhak, A mandrake.

a g»U sabi', Seventh; what makes or
completes seven.

a "WU. sdbi'an, In the seventh place,
seventhly.

a sdbigh, Complete, ample, full, pro-
fuse ; long (tail, buttocks, &c).

A <5A(L» sabigjiat, A long coat of mail
covering the whole body ; ample bounty or
beneficence.

a sabiq, Past, preceding, going or
gone before, former, bygone ; — sabiqu 'l-
irfarn, An ancient benefactor ; — sabiqu
sikr, Before-mentioned.

a *^L, sdbiqan, Before, in time past, for-
merly.

a sabiqat, sdbiqa (fem of sabiq), The
past ; pre-excellence, precedence, superiority
(construed with biidan and dddan) ; — sabiqa'i
lutf u 'indyat, Past favours and assistance ;
— masbiiq ba-sdbiqa, Based on a precedent.

a jf—* i3>'*-> suHq-dastiir, According to
former practice, as usual.

a jS'u, iiJi;U sabiqa-sdldr, A leader ; Mu-
hammad.

a v>if* eabiqa-ma'rifat, Old ac-

quaintance.

sdbuta, (in Zand) An old woman.
sdbud, The lunar halo; a swing;
ivy ; a green film on the surface of stagnant
water ; a certain wrestling-trick,

&}\jj>L. sdbu-ddna, Sago.

a rf.^ utibur (for P. shah-pur), Name of a
province in Persia; name of a city in the
aforesaid province ; name of a city in Khiiz-
istan ; Sapor, name of several kings of
Persia.

SjjiU. sabura, A hermaphrodite; a sodo-
mite.

sabus, Seed of fleawort.
Syti*— sabizaj, ^y#>'i— aabizak, A mandrake.
a uu'U sa't (v.n.), Strangling, suffocat-
ing.

cut. sat, Sleep.

a sdtir, A concealer, coverer, hider.
(^i'L. sdtgin, sdtigin, sdtgim,
tatgi, y>e&'^- sdtgin, ^jj-JSL. tdtgini, A large

bumper-glass of wine drunk to anyone's
health.

i^SsV. sdtgin, A beloved object.

JfU satil, A plant like a dry mushroom.

A_,yV-, sdtur, Name of one of the magi-
cians of Pharaoh's court, who believed in
Mosea.

E^- sdj, A certain kind of bird ; an iron
plate for baking bread upon ; (S. s'dha) the
teak-tree.

a 5^- sdj, A green or a, black sash rolled
round the head and hanging down behind ;
a stone with which they furbish swords,
and give lustre to the teeth.

a sdjid, Prostrate in adoration.
a fA~> sdjir, A place fillfed by a flax, of
water; a river in Yamamah.

a saji', (One) speaking rythmicaUy ;
one who goes straight; resolving, aiming
at.

Aj^s-\— sajur (P. )f^~- sdchur), A dog'a
collar ; or a piece of wood suspended to it,
to prevent his running away, gnawing the
cord with which he is led, or entering a
vineyard to eat the grapes ; name of a place.

sachak, A rite observed at nuptials ;
presents sent to a bride.

•U^L, sdchma (for T. <W?M, Small shot
for fowling (m.c.) ; — bd sdchma zadan, To
shoot with small shot.
sdchi, White,

a sdh (pi. of sdhat), Courts, inner
parts of buildings.

a s-^- sahib, Who drags along (as a
train, &c).

a sdhat, A court, quadrangle, the
inner part of a building; area; a plain
tract of country, shore, coast ; — sdhati tuba,
Paradise.

A ^U s&hir, An enchanter, magician,
necromancer, fascinator, sorcerer ; — sah'iri
Italdm, A fascinating speaker ; — zulfi sdhw,
An enchanting lock of hair.

a iyi-i- sdhirat, An enchantress, sorceress.

a i^-U sdhirl, Enchantment, magic, sor-
cery.

a ,3=-L. sdhiq, One who brays ; a bruiser.

A J=-L- sdhil, Beach, shore, coast ; — sdhili
najdt, The saving shore.

a 4JlsiL>L, sdhil-khdiia, ^j— J"-^» s dhU~
sardy, A palace at the sea-shore.

k < _^.^-. mM, A lizard feeding on the mha
(see s>W-).

£V_ sdkh (shortened from sdkjitd), A
series, train ; well adapted, adjusted; col-
lected, accumulated; expedited.

tt-^-U. sdkht, Make, construction, fabric,
manufacture; furniture, apparatus, gear;
pretence; a stirrup-leather; the girth or
surcingle of a horse, together with his
armour, covered on both sides with felt
cloth ; a cord for fastening on a load ; —
sakhti dmdj, Plough-gear.
1 ^S^U sdkhtagi, Make, formation effort,

( 639 )

machination ; design (in contradistinction
to what is natural) ; adulteration ; hypo-
crisy; furniture, gearing.

ea&hfan, To make, form, fashion,
prepare, perform, build, construct, manu-
facture; to invent; to feign, counterfeit;
to compose; to adapt, adjust, polish, fur-
bish ; to be content to do, to manage
(with) ; to suit, to agree with ; — bd tab'
sakhtan, To agree with; — jilehi khwud
sakhtan, To invent one-self, to make up in
one's head ; — aukhun sakhtan, To concoct
stories (m.c).

saX. sdkhta, Made, formed; counter-
feited, false; surreptitious; apt, adjusted;
a flatterer ; — eakhta amadan, To be made,
Ac; — sdkMa feardcwi, To make, &c. ; — ass
dast-ash hare eahhta na-ml-ehavjad, He is
good for nothing (m.c).

efi) sdkhta-rang, Consenting, agree-
ing, consonant.

tos-L. takhta-roKgar. Prudent, expe-
rienced in worldly matters.
,U tas-L. sdkhta-kdr, A counterfeiter,

gdkhla-ligdm, Headstrong,

forger, falsifier.

stubborn, obstinate.

a sdkhir, A jeerer, mocker, derider.

a U.L. sakhit, Indignant, irritated against,
angry with.

y&L. takMu, Garrison (m.c).

^jU-U edkhlii'i, Belonging to or forming
the garrison of a place.

(j<s-l- edkhin. Mortar mixed with sand;
the living soul.

a j'L. sa'd, sa'ad (v.n.), Strangling; —
sddd, What shuts up, dams in, stops.

oL. sad, Pure, unmixed ; plain, simple,
unadorned ; smooth, even ; rubbed, worn
out ; a new garment not rumpled or
creased ; a desert, open champaign ; a
boar ; a doctor, learned man ; — sad shudan
(budan), To have the dysentery ; — sad kar-
dan, To purify ; to castrate, cut all clean
away.

a. «»\>jU &ddai (pi. of saiyid), Princes,
lords (especially the descendants of Mu-
hammad) ; — saiyidi s&ddt, Lord of lords, i.e.
Muhammad.

usSIjL. sdddk, A stove, especially the back
part where the fire is lighted.

sy A- sad awardn, A gum found in
the roots of walnut-trees ; a gall-apple (?).

a SjL. sadat (pi. of sd'id), Lords.

eA. sadaj, Indian spikenard.

Aj>A- sadir, Careless, indifferent about
what one does; astonished, confused be-
wildered.

a y-->L< sddi8 (fem. sddisat), Sixth.

a "L.jL. sddiean, In the sixth place, sixthly.

jL, gdd-sdya, A level place.
jloL. sddik, A species of nightingale
(doubtful).

(j&U sddagi, Smoothness ; plainness,

absence of ornament ; equality, evenness ;
artlessness, simplicity, openness ; purity.

a a A» sddin, Keeper of the fane of Mecca ;
also of an idol-temple ; a porter.

soL. edda, Smooth, even, plain ; erased,
without writing or impression; pure, un-
mixed, simple ; open, sincere ; artless, un-
adorned (speech) ; an open champaign ; a
pure white garment for the summer; beard-
less; white; stupid; a feast kept by the
Persians at the winter solstice ; Indian
spikenard ; (for istdda) standing ; — tada
ehudan, To suffer from dysentery; — edda
kardan, To purify ; to castrate.

j£+ ML. edda-jigar, Sincere, unsophisti-
cated ; simple-minded ; stupid.

y\jA. is.A. sada-kjiwdn, Heading or reciting
with ease.

u»*j jjU. sdda-dasht, The heaven above
the starry firmament ; the crystalline
sphere.

Ojyj 6jLi edda-darun, J>> <*A- sdda*dil,
Simple-hearted ; artless, simple ; stupid ;
a simpleton.

(jjj edda-dili, Simple-heartedness.

sdda-rd ruy), Smooth-faced,
beardless, shaved.

£tj »jU edda-zanakh. Beardless.

sjU sada-iipihr. The crystalline

sphere.

bja isjU. sdda-shuda, Dysenteric.

^jb. sjL. edda-shakar, Beardless (" sugar "
meaning the lip).

a j**"* i<i^» sdda-zamlr, = Jo *«»Ui q.v.

ajjt bjU edda.-t.aur, Sincere, unsophisti-
cated, simple in one's manner.

a adda-taurl, Gentleness ; sim-

plicity, stupidity.

a sjU. edda-'izdr, With smooth

cheeks, beardless.

jli" «jL, sdda-kdr, A kind of goldsmith.

sjjS JoU sdda-karda, A eunuch.

a tjl aA- sddah-lauh, A tabula rasa ;
simple and unblemished ; pure in heart ; a
simpleton ; beardless, shaved.

a ij>^> sdda-lauhi, Simplicity ; stu-
pidity.

jy." ijL. s&da-mard, A simple, ignorant
man.

a (_3*4j sjU sdda-wa?'h Artlessness, sim-
plicity ; stupidity.

a sddi, (A camel) pasturing with-
out a keeper ; (for eddis) sixth.

a *dzaj (from P. *A- edda), Indian
spikenard ; a plant which grows on the sur-
face of water, having leaves and branches,
but no roots ; — sdzaji hindi, Indian leaf.

AicjL. sdzaja, Simple, plain, clear.

y~ ear, A starling ; a camel ; pain ; afflic-
tion, grief, trouble ; a place, spot ; a hollow
reed ; a milestone ; a wine-press ; a title by
which the princes in Georgia were formerly
addressed ; a czar ; high, tali ; (for ear) the

,U (

head ; top, summit ; having many inequali-
ties (ground) ;_ placed after nouns it denotes
plenty, magnitude, similitude, or posses-
sion ; — sdri buzuryi mdhi-khyar, A. cormo-
rant (m.c.) ; — sdri sabz, A green starling.

t ; L, sard, Pure, excellent (applied to
gold, ambergris, musk); undefiled; name
of a place on the coast of 'Uman, celebrated
for its ambergris ; Sarah, Abraham's wife.

Cjlj^- e&rdn, The head ; heads ; upper
part (opposed to pay an) ; name of a town
in Iraq.

a v>y~> sar ib, A wanderer at large.

yljjU. sarlan, A prince ; a camel-driver •—
shuturdni bi-sdrbdn, Camels without a
leader.

tjij^* sarbitgh, A commander ; the head
of an army, tribe, or family.

a SjL. sarat, Sarah, a woman's name ; —
surra, Exhilarating, cheerful ; - — aWbari
Bdrra, Joy(u\ tidings.

g^U so, raj, sdrcha, A sweet-singing

bird, a kind of starling.

&SW.jU sarkhaJa, A gnat or mosquito.

utU-jU klrkhak, sdrlchk, sdrikhk, A gnat ;
— sdrikhjt, The sting of a gnat.

jU&^L. 8drkha]e-ddr, A large shady tree
called the gnat-tree.

is\*._jU sdrashk, A gnat.

•iU.jL. sdrashk-ddr, The gnat-tree.

a sdriq, A thief.

a dijU a&riqat, A female thief.

sarah, A starling ; according to
others, a nightingale.

gi^L, sdranj, A small black bird ; — sdrinj,
A cistern.

ii£jL. sdvang, A small black bird.

} jL» sdro, Name of a black bird in India ;
— sdrd, Plaster or mortar mixed with
sand.

yt^U sdrwdn (for sdrbdn), A eamei-driver.

g^L. sdruj, Plaster or mortar mixed up
with sand ; lime mingled with ashes ; quick-
lime ; also ointment, made of it and ar-
senic, for pulling out hairs ; name of a
bird in India of a black colour.

<s*».yU sdrucha, A bowl or tankard (doubt-
ful).

cs)jyU sdroq, A kind of talking-bird (see

dijjL. sdrdna, A vine-branch.

a>U sdra, Posts or stones for showing
the way, placed at the distance of a para-
sang or league ; a starling ; the sash of a
turban ; a dress worn by the women of the
Decean, consisting of a sca2 - f passed round
the waist and brought upon the head; a
kind of striped stuff brought from India ;
a -veil, covering ; a bribe ; Sarah.

,jjC earl, A starling ; a milestone ; the
common dress of Hindu women of all
classes, consisting of a sheet of eloth worn
round the body, and passing over the head
and shoulders like a hood ; a sort of dress

640 ) >U

worn by women in the Deccan ; name of a
city in Mazandaran,

a (_j>U. sdrl, fern. sdriyat, B&riya,

Passing, penetrating, pervading, flowing;
infecting, contagious ; — amrdzi gdriya, Con-
tagious maladies.

O^j^— sdriydn, A city in Georgia.

A &>jU sdriyat, A column ; a ship's mast.

£3jU. sdrlkh, A scourge made of chains.
sdz, A musical instrument ; concord,
harmony ; arms, apparatus, accoutrements,
harness, furniture ; preparations (for nup-
tials, journey, or any important business);
a feast, banquet; gain, advantage; pa-
tience, meekness ; fraud, deceit, trick;
like, equal to ; j ust as, in the manner of ;
worthy ; ( for sdmdn) intellect, reason ; (in
comp. from sqkhtan) preparing, making,
effecting ; — sdzi bddi, A wind-instrument ;
an iEolian harp (m.c.) ; — sdts budani damapfc,
The brain is healthy ; — sdzi rah, Travelling
apparatus ; — sax dddan, To prepare, to ar-
range ; — sdzi Mr, A workman's tools; — sdz
hardan, To tune (an instrument) ; to pre-
pare necessaries for war, a journey, or
domestic use ;— sdzi kina, Arms, weapons ;
— sdz giriftan, To indulge in ; to make pre-
parations ; — sdzi nav-roz, The feast of New
Tear's Day ; name of a note in music ; — sdz
u barg, sdz u saranjwm, sdz u salab, Appa-
ratus, armour, spoils ; (in the sense of
musical instrument the word sdz is more-
over construed with the verbs bastan, par*
ddkhtan, dddan, zadan, and naw&Jchtan).

cdjjL. sdzdk, A porch, portico, vestibule.
jk jl~> sd%-bdg, Trim, dressy; ornameat.
;U jU sdz-ddr, One who disposes pro-
perly.

ijiijU sdzish, Make, contrivance, artifice,
invention ; combination, collusion, confede-
racy.

^U. sdzaq, A resinous pine which, when
split, burns like a torch.

*s)jU sdzak, A melodious bird; a vesti-
bule.

j\£ jL, san-hdr (JS gar), Consonant, con-
cordant, in accordance ; agreeing ; a musical
instrument ; a poet, actor ; anyone who
invents or feigns ; a hypocrite ; one who
arranges, adjusts, disposes suitably, or
equalizes ; — sds-hdr shudan, To be conso-
nant, suit, agree.

^ jL. sdz-ldri gcirl), Agreement,

coucord, harmony ; peace ; equalization,
adjustment; — sdz-kdrl namiidan, To agree,
to be in concord or harmony.

^jSjL. sdzgar't, A sort of musical air.

•vi-jU sdzmand, Arranged properly, dis-
posed.

^SjJjL. sdmndagi, Efficacity, authority,
management ; a musical performance.

SAijU stlsa nda, Effective, effectual ; a player
on musical instruments ; an arranger, one
who composes, adjusts, pacifies ; a maker,

,>L. ( 641 ) jL.

performer ; a comedian ; — sdzanda u khwan-
anda, Instrumental and vocal.

}^~- sazii, A rope or cable made of the
fibrous bark of the palm-tree ; a rope-
dancer.

j^jjU sdzwdr, Agreeing, suitable.

iS^j^" sdzwdri, Conformity, harmony,
agreement, resemblance ; aid, help, assis-
tance.

)^} jjU sdzu-bdz, A rope-dancer.

j^jU edzwar, Neatly finished, prepared ;
proper, suitable ; worthy ; furnished with
arms or furniture; accoutred.

oiL. j jL, sdz-u-sdJcht, Furniture, appa-
ratus.

fcj-ijjU Bazldan, To arm ; to prepare ; to
agree, be fit, proper, -worthy ; to search for
by groping.

df. jL- saz-yaraq, Warlike instruments,
furniture, baggage.

sdzi, Arrangement, disposition.
sag, A certain insect of the flea-
epecies or louse-species, but larger; a bug;
a mother-in-law; pleasant, elegant, grace-
ful ; neat, clean ; poor ; name of an old
family in Persia.

sy ,LA_ sdsdr IcisM, Seed of nettle.

st edsdliyus, Assafcetida.

yL.L. sdsdn, Solitary, recluse; a beggar;
name of the father of Ardshir Babak,
founder of the dynasty of the Sasanides,
■who reigned in Persia from a.d. 202 till
636, when Yazdagird, the last of the race,
was overpowered by the Arabians ; (pi. of
gas) poor, indigent.

^jiL-L. sdsCnn, Belonging or relating to
the Siisan dynasty; — pi. sdedniydn, The
Sasanides.

sdstd, Name of a certain demon.

j-^— sdsar, A starling ; — sasur, A hollow
reed used for writing.

A sa'sam, A tree of which bows are
made ; the ebony-tree.

f>~\~' sdsim, Anise.

sdsu, Name of a man.

iS-^— sdsi, Poor, indigent ; a beggar ;
beggary.

edsya, = q.v.

A jt^— sdtir, A butcher.

o yj^L. sdtiryun (Gtr. cwrupiov), The
herb rag-wort.

a eati', fern. <J*kL. sad'at, edti'a,
Raised up; bright, clear, evident; — bard-
hini sdti'a, Clear proofs ; evident prodigies.

a JkL. adtil, = P. J>L. q.v.

AjjkL- sdtur, A butcher's large knife.

a ii>l£L. sd'dt (pi. of sd'at), Hours; a
clock.

a ,_3>^U sd'ati, A watch or clock-maker.

a sd'at, An hour; a little while ; a
watch, a clock ; the time present ; — gd'at ba-
sa'at, From hour to hour ; — sd'ati dasta-kuk,
A keyless wateh ;—sd'at twnd ast. The
watch is too fast ; — sd'ati diwdr-kob, A

clock fixed to the wall ; — sd'ati zang-ddr,
A repeating watch ; — sd'ati sangin ('aqrab),
Disastrous times ; — gd'at Mr (kAub kdr)
kunad, The watch goes (goes well) ; — sd'at
kund ast, The watch is too slow ; — sd'ati
majlist, A time- piece, a clock ; — sd'ati nti-
jumi, A sidereal hour, determined by the
return of a star to the same place ; — as-
sd'at, Resurrection ; — ba-kuki sd'ati landan,
By London time (m.c.).

a m^eL. sd'at-sdz, A watch-maker
(m.c).

^jL. ut-nU, gd'at-sazi, Watch-manufac-
tory.

a ctUcL. sa'atak, A short while,

a <socL. sd'ata, Hourly ; of an hour.

a sd'ate, One hour ; — sd'ate sih

parsang, Three leagues per hour (m.c.) ;■ —
sd'ate nik, A good while.

a ^iaxcU sd'ata'iz-in, Then, at that time.

a ocL. sd'id, The arm from the wrist to
the elbow, the fore-arm ; an armlet ; help,
assistance.

A SjjiL, sd'idat, A lion ; beam of a pulley,
a jycU ga'ur, A furnace, stove ; the leader
of the Christians in the medical art.

a (jcU, sd'i, One who endeavours, at-
tempts, or strives after ; studious, diligent,
laborious ; earnest, eager ; a calumniator,
whisperer ; one who throws work upon
another ; a collector of tithes and other
revenue ; a chief amongst Jews and Chris,
tians,

Bdah. A bird resembling a starling; a
thatched house ; burnt brick.

sdgjiar, A cup, goblet, bowl, tumbler ;
name of a town in the Deccan ; — sdghar bar
sar (ba-sar, bar tdrik) kashtdan, To empty
the cup to the bottom ; to drink wine
greedily ; — saghari talkh, A cup of bitter-
ness ; — sagjyxr khwurdan (zadan, kashldan,
noshidan), To quaff a cup ; — saghari zujdj,
A glass tumbler ; — saghari saiba', A cup of
(red) wine.

tr^ y&\~ sdghar-kash, A quaffer of the cup.

^jiC sdgfiar'i, Of or relating to Siigha.r ;
back-leather of a horse or ass from which
shoes are made ; the space between the
tail and anus of a horse ; surname of a
poet ; — sila'i saghari, A kind of cloth.

A *_s c U sa'f (v.n.), Being cracked about
the nails (the hand).

a safir, A traveller ; (a woman) with
face unveiled ; a horse having little flesh
upon him ; a scribe ; the angel who records
human actions.

a SyL. sdfirat, A body of travellers.

«iU'L. edfik. Who pours out, sheds (as
blood, Ac.).

a Ji^- sdfil, Lower part ; mean, low, vile.
sdfut, A shrill noise produced by
blowing forcibly on the ends of the two
fore-fiugers put into the mouth.

usX~. -iU sdfisak, A small melon ; perfume,

( 642 )

a sdq, The leg from the ankle to the
knee, the shank ; the stem of a tree, stalk
of a. plant, &c. ; — sdq bar sa,q malidan, To
writhe in the agonies of death ; — sdqi 'ariis,
Bride's leg, a sort of bread so called ; —
iliifdti sdq bi-sdq, A phrase expressive of
the last anguish of this •world and the first
of the next ; — tashmlri sdq kardan, To un-
cover the legs, i.e. to set vigorously to work.

A &L, sdqat, sdqa, The rear of an army ;
the stirrup-leather ; drivers of camels.

t !^>jAiU, sdqdiish, A companion, an equal.

i ^j&~> sdqrl, Shagreen.

a 1»»L sdqit, Falling; failing, lagging;
fallen ; contemptible, vile ; — sdqit shudani
haqq, A due is paid ; — marazi sdqit, Falling
sickness, epilepsy.

a h jL. sdq-manja, A kind of bed.

a 0 iL. sdqi, A water-carrier ; a cup-bearer,
page ; — saqi'i ruhdniydn, Adam ; Gabriel ;
Satan ; — sdqi'i shab, The moon ; the dawn ;
an aged instructor, guide.

a LiL. mqiyd (P. voc. of the preceding),
0 cup-bearer.

a yLJL. saqiydn (P. pi. of sdqi), Water-
carriers, <fcc. ; — sdqiydni lahja, Musicians,
singers.

a ;&J>L. sdqigar, A cup-bearer,

a ^j^jL. suqigari, Office of cup-bearer.

>*!L. sale, Ignorance ; weakness of under-
standing; defect, deficiency; the transmi-
gration of the soul two or three degrees
descending, i.e. from a human to an animal
or vegetable body, respectively still lower
down to mineral.

a s-S'L, sdkib, Plowing (blood, tears, or
water) ; aquarius.

A ui-£L» sdlcit, Silent, quiet.

a sakin, Quiet, peaceful, sedate ;

firm, fixed, still ; a consonant not followed
by a short vowel, quiescent ; an inhabitant ;
— sakin sliudan, To inhabit, dwell ; to rest,
remain; — fdkin kardan, To mitigate, pa-
cify ; — sdkindni Tehdk, Dwellers on the
earth; — sdkindni sidra, Angels; — sdkindni
gardun. The stars, angels.

aS^L sdkinat, sakina, Quiet; a female
inhabitant.

a uyjS'L. sdkul, A silent man ; taciturn.

a &j£L» sdkutat, Silence.

sdMz, A cushion, pad, or rug to lie on.

H y^jSL. sdgwdn, Teak-wood.

H y^SL. sdgun, An Indian tree whose
leaves are compared to elephants' ears.

JL, sdl, A year; a timber-tree used in
ship-building; a ship; — soli imsdlin, This
present year ; — sdli d.yanda, The coming
year, next year ; — sal ba-sdl (dar sal), Prom
year to year; — sdli-jadld, New year; — sdli
hdl, The present or current year ; — sal duz-
didan, To make oneself younger than one's
age ; — sdli digar, Next year ; another year ;
■ — sdli shamsi, Solar year ; — sdli qabl, Last
year; — mli qamari (tndh), Lunar year, con-

sisting of 354 days ; — sdl sdl, sdl saliyan,
From year to year; — sdli qaht, A year
barren for want of rain ; — sdli guzashta,
Last year ; — sdli nau-jawdni, Youth, youth-
fulness ; — sdli niku ass bahdr-ash paidast, A
good year is shown by its spring, i.e. a good
beginning augurs well for an undertaking;
— sdlhd'i sdl, Tears ago ; — plrdr (pilar m.c.)
sdl, The year before last.

_j3L» sdlclr, Old, aged ; a prince, chieftain,
leader, general, commander, viceregent, vice-
roy, lord-lieutenant, judge, or any person in
high office; — sdldri bar, Master of ceremo-
nies ; — sdldri baitu 'l-haram, Muhammad ; —
sdldri jang, A leader in war (one of the
titles given by Eastern princes to their
nobles) ; — sdldri khyoan, A table-decker,
sewer ; — sdldri qdfila. Chief of a caravan,
leader of a troop ; — sdldri qaum, A leader
of the people, a general ; — sdldri haft khwdr-
Jeos, The sun.

ur* jSL. sdldr-kush, A slayer of army-
leaders.

tS^*;^ sdl-dzmdy, Who has experienced
(the good and evil of many) years.

JL, sal-afsun, Increasing the year;
the twelfth month of the sera of Yazda-
gird.

a \jAi»l!L. sdldmandird (Gr. craXa/wS/xi),
A salamander. ^
asSL. sdldna, Yearly.

a <-rJ^— sdlib, A seizer, spoiler, plunderer,
ravisher.

j^L* sal-bar, A tree bearing every other
year.

a a^L. sdlbiyah, Sage (a herb).

a J-W. JL. sdl-hdsil, Yearly produce.

a sdlikh, (The scab) excoriating a
camel ; a snake which has cast her slough ;
a black serpent.

sUaiJL. sdl-khiddh. sdl-khtiddh, Fortunate ;
(in astrology) lord of the ascendant.

JL. sdl-khwurd, t^jseSL, sdl-khwurda,
j\jJU sdl-ddr, Aged ; and —

ijjjJL. sdl-dida, One who has seen many
years ; an old man ;—-piram sdl-dida, Old
men laden with years.

i^L. sdl-khuh, = MAiaSL. q.v.

bjUL sdlddt, A soldier (m.c. from Fr.
or G. soldat).

j\j JL. sdl-ddr, Aged, experienced.

a £JL. sdligh, (A cow or sheep) exceeding
six years, having their teeth dropt out.

a w4)L. sdlif, Preceding, going before,
passing by; past, bygone; a predecessor;
— salifu-'z-zikr, Above mentioned.

a &3L. sdlif at, Bygone days ; the neck of
a horse or the fore-part of it ; the front of
the neck.

a tiUL, Baltic, A traveller ; a devotee ; a
disciple ; — sdliki rdhi khudd, An ascetic, a
mystic ; — sdlikdni 'arsh, Angels ; holy men.

"^slSSL. sdligdni, Life, age; annual pension
anniversary.

^ (

\J>6$ JL. sdl-gardish, Beginning the new
year from the accession of the king.

if J^-* sdl-girih, Birthday, on the anni-
versary of which a knot is annually added
on a string kept for this purpose.

ut~iS JL. sdl-gasht, Old in years.

<jS3L. salagi, Age, years old; — jaanjdh
salagi, Fifty years old ; — as aiyami haft-
ealagi, Prom my seventh year of age.

A ^L. sdlim, Safe, free, entire, sound,
perfect; wholesome ; a sound verb, i.e. not
containing a weak letter or a double con-
sonant ; a verse wherein there is no drop-
ping or elision of any letter ; proper name
of a man.

a *U3U saliman, Freely, safely, securely ;
— saliman tjjtdniman, Safely and enriched
with booty.

sdl-mdh, *^JL. sdl-mah, Date of
the year and month ; continually, per-
petually.

&»L0L, sdl-nama, An almanac, a calendar.

j-JL. salanj, Name of a small black bird.

y»yL. solus, A deceiver, flatterer, hypo-
crite; hypocrisy, fraud, subterfuge.

wA.jr* u*y^~ Bdlus-farosh, A hypocrite, a
deceiver.

<j* , .W i wf 1 "" sdlus-faroshi. Deceit, hypo-
crisy.

^Jt. sdluB'i, Fraud, deceit, subterfuge.

oj)yU anZtlfc, A highway-robber; courteous,

aU } JL, sal-u-mah, = sL» JL. q.v.

iJL. gala, Age, years, the age of animals
(when added to numerals, however, it is
applicable as well to human beings as to
brutes) ; the rear-guard of an army ; a
brother-in-law (wife's brother) ;— piri sad
tola, An aged man a hundred years old ; —
thaeh-sala, Six years old (horse, ass, or
camel).

L<IL, sdlhd (pi. of sal), Years ; for many
years ; — sdlhd'i dardz, Length of years.

JL. sale, A year, a certain year; [sale
chand, Several years ; — sale Ml, The present
year;] — salt, Old, aged; used; obsolete;
a Bister-in-law (wife's sister).

ytJL. sdliydn, One year ; years (pi. of sal
as mahiydn is pi. of mdh) ; life ; daily ;
annual; an annual pension; name of a
place in Shirwan.

itLJL. sdliydna, Life, age ; annual ; an
annual pension ; — saliydna Jcardan, To
bargain by the year.

(^VjSL. sdliydnl, Annual ; an annual
stipend.

o ty*5L, salyun, Parsley ; seed of moun-
tain-parsley.

fL, gam, The rainbow ; a swelling ; a
disease ; fire ; name of a mountain in
Transoxonia; — sdmi narlmdn, Sam, son of
Nariman, a celebrated hero in old Persian
romance, father to Zal, and grandfather to
Eustam.

a pL. 8a'm (v.n.), Being wearied; — sam,

643 ) r U

Shem, son of Noah ; gold and silver ; also
veins of those metals running through
stones ; a cane, rattan ; — sdrnm, Distress-
ingly hot and pestilentially windy (day) ;
venomous, baneful, infectious ; death, de-
struction ; — sdmmi abras, A large and ve-
nomous kind of lizard.

sam, Name of a book (the Sama-

veda).

*»s.L.L, sdmdkkcha, Bodice, stays, corset.
f>\jtj\ |»L. sam-azfodm (a^ham, corr. of
fjbc ?), Name of the body of the highest
heaven.

<v^iUL. edmdfcha, A bodice ; shift ; short
vest (probably misreading for samdMcha.)

d^A-L. sdmakcha, ^J^- edmdki, A
bodice (see <WA*—).

sdmun, Household furniture, bag-
gage, articles ; instruments, tools, appara-
tus ; order, arrangement, disposition ;
preparation ; foundation of a house ; a
boundary, limit, place where any sign or
mark is pla,ced to separate one field from
another, a balk ; a side, quarter ; end,
scope, aim ; a butt for archers ; measure,
quantity, proportion ; currency ; patience,
quiet ; rest, pause ; cessation, conclusion ;
continence, chastity ; opulence ; a good dis-
position, probity; understanding, reason,
intellect ; power, strength ; an assembly,
company, psaple met together ; a whetstone ;
custom, habit ; a city, town ; seasonable,
pat ; proper time ; facilitated, rendered
easy, feasible ; uncertain ; name of the
father of a dynasty of kings called Sa-
manjdes ; — sdmdni jangi, Warlike appa-
ratus ; — sdman sdkhtan (dddan, Jcardan), To
dispose, order, arrange, prepare ; — ba-sdmdn
pursulan, To ask in a lover-like fashion
(this is the explanation given by the Bahdri
'ajain, but the passage quoted from Hafiz
seems to prove the meaning " to inquire
after one's state or welfare ") ; — bl-sdman,
bi-sar-it-sdmdn, Immense, boundless ; stu-
pefied, brainless; destitute, indigent; end-
less (applied to affairs).

A 0^*^* sdman (?), <j^\— sdmdni, A
Samanide (pi. sdmdniydn) .

Uj yUL. sdmdn-rubd, Eobbing the under-
standing, distracting.

jj- yUU sdmdn-soe, One who burns his
chattels, a maniac.

a a^'L. sa'mal, A being wearied or dis-
gusted ; the feeling of irksomeness ; — sdmat,
An excavation down to a well ; a vein of
gold or silver ; a cane, a rattan ; — sdmmai
(fern, of sdmm), Poisonous ; familiar, in-
timate ; patricians, aristocracy (opp. to
'■dmmat).

a c*L. sdmih, Liberal ; affable, gentle.
sdinir, Name of a place noted for the
manufacture of stuffs.

a sdmir, One who converses at

night, by moonlight j the place where such

( 644 )

conversations are held ; the people assem-
bled.

a S/«L. eamirat, Samaritans ; those -who
hold nocturnal conversations by moonlight.

Oj*^. gamin, Of or belonging to Samir ;
— ■jama'i eamiri, Cloth made in Samir.

a <sf\— eamiri, Name of a magician
said to have been contemporary with
Moses, and to have made a speaking calf ;
Samaritan ; Samaritan ianguage ; — samarrd,
= q.v. ; — gdmarrl, Native of Sur-

inam ti.

A gamarlyat, samariya, Samaria.

[.U. edm-suwdr, Riding on the rain-
bow (said of a rapid horseman).

a sdmit. Milk turning sour ; bread
baked -without salt.

A g*L. garni', "Who hears, a hearer ;
obedient.

a i*-U Bdmi'at, sdmi'a (fern.) Hearing ; the
ear ; — quwati sdmi'a, The sense of hearing.

A sami'in (obi. pi. used as nom.),

The hearers, the listeners, the audience.

ij~t^ »U gam-Ms, Great, noble.

a J-L gdmil, A composer of differences,
a peacemaker ; studious of living with pro-
priety.

a samin, Fat, plump.

gdmandar [said to be = stim-andar,
(Living) in fire], J-x^W sdmandal, A sala-
mander.

\jy.L. gamotd, A weight of three carats or
one-eighth of an ounce.

jy\-> gdmur, q.v.

a sdmuq, A place in the Caucasus,
near Gatija (Elisabethopol).

a <jliy»U. 8dm uqlu, Native of Samuq ; a
proper name.

gdwia, A covenant ; an oath ; a loan ;
an asylum, place of Bafety ; particularly,
especially, chiefly; a banner; a, snare;
friends.

a wmi, Sublime, exalted ; — amri

garni, A command or order of the grand
vizir ; — maktubi sdmi, A letter of the prime
minister.

samvn, A whetstone.

tan, Law, custom, rule, fashion ;
habit, disposition; form, figure, semblance;
apparatus, furniture, utensils ; honour,
reputation, respect, fame, dignity, rank ;
cause, reason, manner ; end, conclusion ; a
kind of military garment, either for one's
self, horse, or elephant ; a bit, piece ; a
share, portion ; a whetstone ; a file, rasp ;
review of an army ; showing oneself oft in a
comely manner; name of a town in the
district of Balkh ; equal like ; added to
nouns it implies similitude, resemblance, as
shama'sdn, Like a candle ; or stands for
ietan, as fshdrsdn, for khdristdn, A thorny
place; — sdn-dddan. To pass review, to be
reviewed (m.c.) ; — 8dni qughun (laehkar),
Beview of troops (m.c).

a £>L. gamih, (A bird or game) which
turns the right side to a man, and passing
from his left to the right (considered as a
good omen) ; happy, fortunate ; clear, evi-
dent ; — sdnih ghudan, To appear, be evident.

a oUU sdnihdt (pi. of the following),
Occurrences, &c.

A gdnihcd, sdniha (tern, of sdnih),

Revelation (in augury) ; occurrence, event,
incident; casualty.

y^iJL, gandug, The river Indus.

yU. £jL, gdn-san, In parts, pieces, por-
tions ; — gdn-san Jcardan, To cut in pieces, to
divide in parts.

*2*^> saniqa, Maiden's hair; dragon's
blood.

<j<&{~ tdnlcin, sdn-glr, A proper

arrangement; a natural temper; adorned;
a simple man.

e&nanj, A kind of melodious bird,
small and biack.

a yU, sa'ie (v.n.), Extending far (one's
anxiety) ; stretching (a garment) till it
tears ; a place to which one has been ac-
customed, home ; inclination, intention,
purpose.

jL. gdv, Tribute (especially of oxen, paid
by enemies who have submitted); a bit of
gold ; filings ; pure gold ; bought gold ; a
crucible (doubtful) ; a part, portion ; a
steel for sharpening a sword or knife; a
prickly stick about which silkworms entwine
themselves when about to spin, or used as
firewood; (in comp.) filing, cutting with a
saw ; — sdwi dhan, Filings of iron.

IjU, sdwd, (^tjU. 8dwdy, Gold or silrer
filing.

C^jU. sdwdn (agent of sdwldan), Who files.
^jC 8dtvad, (The garment) fits (the body)
tight.

T <J»^" sdwarl, Service, homage; saluta-
tion ; a gift offered in homage or salutation;
tax, tribute (pi. sdwariydi).

d- s ij^-' sdivazidan, To rub gently (pro-
bably misreading for sdwldan).

(jojL, gams,

(un supported by ex-

respectively, qq.v.
am pies).

sdwand, Rhyme, measure.
sdvna, Swaddling-clothes (unsup-
ported) .
)){~. sdwd, Tribute.
65^-* tdtoUch, Name of a place.
&j>\~ Bdwa, A bit or filing of pure gold; a
crucible ; name of a wrestler of Turan ;
name of a city in Irak.

QjjjL. sdwldan, To file ; to polish, furbish ;
to saw ; to bruise, bray small ; to anoint ;
to understand, reason ; to dissolve in water ;
to strain off ; to handle.

sdwida, Brayed small ; filed.
fyC sdwiz, Of good morals or temper.

8&wis, Carded cotton, with which
a garment is lined ; a garment wadded

;L» ( 645 )

with a cotton lining, worn in battle ; a
woman's basket for cotton; anything of
great value.

t^?.^~ sawln, A basket for holding cotton
prepared for spinning; — sdwlni pamba,
Baskets of cotton.

A galiir, Waking.

a sdhirat, The earth, or its surface ;
a running fountain ; an extensive desert
without water ; Syria ; hell ; a country
which God will create for the day of resur-
rection.

j^eV- sdhur, Name of a mountain which
yields stone of the hardest kind.

a ;;*^-« edhur (v.n. of Sleeplessness,
wakefulness; insomnia; the sheath into
which the moon is supposed to enter when
eclipsed.

ijjfcL, Bdhuya, Name of a celebrated inter-
preter of dreams.

a gahl, Negligent, careless, stupe-
fied ; forgetful.

say (from sudan used in comp.),
Piling, polishing, nibbing ; a delicate sort
of stuff ; — zulfi mushk-sdy, A ringlet scented
with musk ; — nigm-sdy, A polisher of rings
or gems, an engraver.

tJ'M^U sdydnldan, To cause to rub or
anoint,

yWi^-. sdyabdn, A canopy, umbrella, para-
sol ; a shade formed by foliage or by any
other projection ; a tent, pavilion (construed
with the verbs bastan, mdan, and kashidan) ;
— sdyabdni akhzar, The sky ; — myabdni
simabt, The faJse dawn; — sdyabdni gulmani,
The false dawn ; a dark night.

a 4*fU sd'ibat, Set at liberty as a slave ;
or us a she-camel in obedience to a vow, or
in consequence of having been delivered of
ten female colts, when she immediately re-
ceives a dispensation from all further labour
(a practice forbidden by Muhammad) .

&y*y~ aaya-brnj, The mandrake (see

a e»u sd'ih, Devout, fasting in the
mosque ; a traveller, a pilgrim.

a vwU^U ed'ihat (pi. fern, of the pre-
ceding), Fasting women ; female travellers.

jjL. sdyad, Dross of iron.

a •tfL- sd'id, A lord, prince by birth (in-
ferior to saiyid) .

a /U m'ir, A walker, goer, traveller,
wanderer; remainder, rest (frequently em-
ployed to express the whole) ; a tax on per-
sonal property ; land-customs ; octroi.

A V* 1 — sii'irat, gd'ira, A crowd of travellers
going along the same road ; a tax, duty.

a sd'irajdt (pi. of sd'ira), Taxes,

transit duties.

a gys- j?U. sd'ir-March, Contingent
charges.

A QijA- sd'irin (obi. case of the pi. of sa'ir,
used as nom.), The remainder, the rest, the
others (m.c.).

a u~A_ sd'is, A governor, manager ; a
master of horse, horse-keeper, equerry,
groom ; a trainer or breaker-in ; an exe-
cutioner ; — sd,'i8i panjum rawdg, The planet
Mars.

a *>Ui~iL» 8d'u-thdna, A beast of burden ;
luggage of a grandee, &c, when travelling.

a sd'isl, The business of a groom.

sdylsh, Friction, polish ; an anoint-
ing.

a £>U sd'i', Lost, missing; neglected,
useless ; — zd'i' sd'i', Straying, strayed.

a <-&? L, gd'if, A possessor of a aword ; a
striker with a sword; a sword-bearer;
armed with a sword.

a ij?U sa'iq, A stimulator, instigator, im-
peller, driver ; one who pursues another.

,j<8V- saiki, A drinking-cup ; a crow,
raven.

(j^f.l- gayagi, A shade, shadiness,
a J>U sd-'il, An asker interrogator, ques-
tioner, proponent ; a question ; a beggar ;
flowing, fluid, liquid.

a J?U sd'il ba-Jcaf, >«-A£ J^-» sd'il-kaf,
A beggar.

a £«oL. gd-Hmat, sd'ima, Camels, goats, and
the like, which subsist during the greater
part of the year upon pasture ; pasturing by
themselves.

i jjuL. sdyanda (part, of sUdan), A grinder,
<fcc.

s&yawdn (for gdya-bdn) , A shade;
dust of floors.

sdyus, Seed of fleawort.
soya, A shade, shadow ; an appari-
tion ; a wicked spirit ; name of a demon ;
protection ; a petticoat ; wickedness, lewd-
ness ; — sdya-ash-rd na-mi-tuwdnad did, He
has an inveterate grudge against him ; —
sdya ajhandan, To throw a shadow upon;
(met.) to tern towards, to be present; —
sdya'i m du-rang, The protection of fortune j
— 8dya'i fyimdyat, Shadow of protection ; —
sdya'i khudd, Shadow of God ; a prince,
sovereign, monarch; — sdya'i dast, A gift,
a largess ; protection ; — saya'i dasti huge
yiriftan, To receive a gift or protection
from ; — gdya'i rabbu 'n-na'im, A caliph ;
— sdya'i rikdb, Protection; followers; —
sdya'i qushur, Shadow of a tree ; — sdya
gustardan, To conceal ; to show favour ;
not to see ; to speak ill of ; — sdya u naqshi
kase ba tir u khanja/r sadan, (met.) To hate
with a deadly hatred ; — sdya u nur, Shadow
of a tree ; night and day ; — sdya'i yazdan
Shadow of God, i.e. a mighty monarch.

yUiklM, sdyabdn, An umbrella; a parasol.
doL. edya-buralc, <£fy *>U siiya-burag,
Name of a soporiferous plant.

&>L. edya-jparast, Loving darkness ;
a whoremonger.

^-ji St\~- gdya-parastt, Wickedness, lewd-
ness.

j^j ijU. eaya-parwar, Educated in the

( 646 )

shade, or at home ; soft, delicate, knowing
little of the world ; anything eaten with
bread ; a parasite, trencher-fly.

sdya-parward, Quiet, at rest ; a
receiver of favours.

fA- fcj^Wi *i^~> saya-joarwardagdni khwm
Grape-stones thrown into a wine- jar.

sdya-pasand, Fond of shade,

quiet

ts^j— { ijU. iaya-pasandi, Fondness for
shade.

iJ'ji saya-posh, A parasol; an ar-
bour.

Jy. 4iU sdya-khamk, A certain plant
eaten with bread.

t-*At ^l- sdya-khuft, Who sleeps in the
shade or shadow ; — saya Ithufti nakhli
Jtaydi, A surname of Zatariya.

v/y- fo^8&ya-Jchwueh,The elm (as shady).

j\j ijL. sdya-ddr, Shady, umbrageous ; a
shady place ; a protector ; a demoniac ; —
sarwi sdya-ddr, The shady cypress.

ts^Mj *iU edya-ddsht, Shady ; possessed
of a Bpirit.

u*} <J*U edya-ras, Ripened or ripening in
the shade.

o— j sdya-rust, A plant grown in
the shade.

2) ijL. sdya-rav, A watch ; a night- robber.

e»>j ioU. sdya-mda, Shady ; a demoniac.

yi* d^U. sdya-shikan, Breaking a shade,
i.e. a destroyer of false religion ; a reformer,
illuminator ; a polisher, furbisher ; light,
luminous.

y£i ijU saya-figan, Spreading a shade,
shading.

»lf a<L. edya-gah,, A shady place, tent,
bower,

j*—* sdya-gustar, Shade-diffusing,

shady ; benevolent, friendly.

jtS a*^- sdya-gir, Shaded, catching shade.

cs)UA»L- sdyandk, Shady, overcast.

^j^ii <Sj(U. edya-nishln, One who has sat
in the shade, who has seen few troubles.

£ i±\~> sdya-war, Shady.

gAjJU 8d'idan, To grind ; to rub, wear ;
to gnash the teeth ; to smooth, polish ; to
anoint ; to dissolve ; to draw ; to strain
off ; to understand.

tt^L. sd'lda, Ground ; polished ; worn.

a s— • sabb (v.n.), Cutting, clipping ; stab-
bing ; reviling, reproaching, cursing ; exe-
cration ; reproach ; [sabb u ta'n, Reproach
and abuse;] — sibb, A turban; a fillet; a
female hair-dress ; fine linen doth ; a rope ;
a reviler.

a sab', Buying wine for the sake of
selling it ; — saba', Name of the father of
the tribes of Yaman ; the country of Bilqis ;
name of the father of Abdullah, the founder
of a sect of the shi'a (see &<fi*** ) ; — sabb a',
A seller of wine.

a s->W-* sibdb, A reviling, an abusing one
another.

A sabbdbat, mbbdba, The fore-finger;
the index ; the second toe ; — angwshti eab-
bdba, The fore-finger.

a \£ AjI<~. sabbdba-gazd, Astonished.

a subdt, Rest, sleep ; a light sleep,

a doze ; commencement of sleep in the
head ; time ; fortune ; — ibnd'i subdt, Night,
and day.

a cW-» sabbah, A swimmer ; — subbdl} (pi.
of sdbih), Swimmers.

a <£e-W-» sibdhat (v.n. of Swimming ;

natation ; — ahli sibdhat, Skilful swimmers.

sol**, subdda, The smyris, with which
they cut glass and stones for seals.

jW- sabdr, Household furniture ; a wine-
press ; a large trough into which the grapes
are thrown and pressed with the feet ; a
ploughshare ; a furrow ; a field.

AjW~ sibdr, A surgeon's probe (=}W~*
q.v.).

<s5jjW-» sabdruk, A pigeon.

sabara, A stone for making whet-
stones.

sibdri, A stalk of corn ; an ear of

corn.

A sabdrl, uto.L;-, sabdrlt (pi. of sw-

brut), Waste grounds; beardless boys; —
arz sabdrit, Waste, uncultivated land.

<yjjjL„ sabdridan, To be cleft (ground).

A sabdsib, A desert country ; —

baladi sabdsib, A widely-spread town.

A sabdt, A fever ; — subdt, A Syro-
Macedonian month (February).

A Ski;-* sabdtat (v.n. of W-), Being lank
(the hair) ; — subdtai, Sweepings (of a
house); abundance; plenty; amplitude.

a gW« sibd' (pi. of sabu'), Lions ; beasts
of prey ; wild beasts or birds.

a ^W-* suba'i, Complete, entire, unmu-
tilated (in the body) ; consisting of seven
letters (word) ; consisting of seven sylla-
bles (the foot of a verse).

£Lj._ sibdgh, Meat, or aught eaten with
bread; a house covered with bricks; a
brick wall; — subdgh, The servants of a
court of justice.

A j\t~> sibdq (v.n. 3 of Endeavor-
ing to get the lead (in running), trying to
outstrip ; precedence ; a race ;— sabbaq, One
who takes the lead and gets far ahead ; —
subbdq (pi. of sdbiq), Predecessors, con-
querors.

A lilts— sabbdk, A melter, smelter.

a (jj^W- eabaM, The smelting of gold and
silver ; a coiner.

a JL_ sibdl (originally plural of A. 4l*->
q.v.), A whisker.

A liL— sabdyd (pi. of sabi), Captives.

a tsliW- sabd'iJc (pi. of sabikat), Bars,
ingots of gold or silver.

sabd'il, The capital of Kandahar.

a s-»W~ sabd'ib (pi. of sahib), Manes, fore-
locks.

( 647 )

a 4*5V» sabd'lya,, Name of a sect of the
ehl'a who ascribe divinity to 'Ali.

a sahab, A rope ; anything ■which
connects one with another ■ cause, occasion,
reason, motive, argument, mean, medium,
instrument; (in prosody) a moved con-
sonant followed by a quiescent one (sababi
i&afif), or by another moved one (sababi
f,aqil).

a sabablyat, A cause, causation,

motive; a handle.

a mbbat, A portion of time ; podex ;
— sibbat, The fore-finger; — mbbat, Reproach,
slander; disgrace, injury, villany; a man
whom all revile.

a sabt (v.n. of us-i—), Best, quiet,
repose ; the Jewish sabbath ; observing the
sabbath, sabbatizing ; — ashdbu-' s-sabt, Sab-
batarians ; Jews. (See also

a s**~ sabta, Ceuta (in Spain).

a (j**- sabll, Surname of Ahmad, a son of
Harun ar-Rashid, so called because he de-
voted six days of the week to the service of
God, and worked on the sabbath, or Satur-
day, for a livelihood!

A sabaj (from P. <**»•), Small black
shells.

a sabh (v.n.), Swimming ; labouring
to support life ; occupation ; leisure ; going
and coming; travelling swift (a, horse).

Aa«— subaha' (pi. of sabufy), Swimmers.

a ""W;-. subuMt, Places of adoration,
oratories.

a fcjW- subhdn (v.n, of ), Praising,
glorifying (God.) ; exclaiming mbfyana' lldh,
" Praise be to God " ; — subhdna-hu, Glory
be to Him ; the Most Holy (used as a name
of GodV

a mbhdm, fern. IjiW^ eubhanlyat,

subhaniya, Divine.

a i*;- sabfiat, Garments made of skins ;
name of a horse of Muhammad ; also of
Ja'far Taiyar ; — subhat, subha Majesty,
glory (of God) ; a rosary for repeating
prayers and reciting the names of God ; a
prayer of supererogation.

a J**- sibahl, Ji**— sabaJdal, Thick,
bulky (camel, lizard, girl, or bucket).

a tabhalat (v.n. of J^«~»), Repeat-

ing the words mbhana 'lldh, God be
praised !

jIj daM-. subha-ddr, Worshipper, beads-
man.

a ^ & mn i gybha-gard, t^^jf subha-
gardan. One who tells his beads.

a o*^^ subha-garddni, The act of
felling the beads.

a t<~> sabjch, A retiring to a distance ;
deep sleep ; rest, leisure.

fr~> sibakh, Salt ; wit, animation.

a £ak*~ sabkkat, sabakhat, sabikhai, Saltish
ground,

sj\^si««i gvbukhdab, q\±&*~< subukhddn,
The womb (doubtful).

a sabd (v.n.), Shaving (the head
or face) ; — sibd, A wolf ; a cunning fel-
low ; calamity ; — sabad, A little hair ; a
little of anything ; [ma la-hu labad wa la
sabad, He has nothing ;] — sabid, Remains
of herbage ; — subad, The hair of the pubes ;
a kind of cloth used to preserve the water
in a tank from becoming muddy ; a certain
bird with soft plumage ; name of a place
near Mecca and Ta'if.

sabad, sabud, A basket.
-V* sabad-cMn, Gleanings of fruits.
a*— sabad-ddr, A basket-bearer.
sabadgar, A basket-maker.

A ii'V* sabazat (from P. sabad), A kind of
basket holding fifteen sd 1 .

a j*- eabr (v.n.), Probing (a wound) ;
trying, testing, examining (any business) to
the bottom ; — sabr, sibr, A beauteous form,
mode, or manner ; origin, root ; colour ;
beauty ; — stbr, Hostility; reproach, reviling.

a S^!~. tabrat, A cold morning j name of a
city m Maghrib ; surname of several com-
panions of Muhammad.

a u&m* subrvi, «i^>^— sibrit, Poor, indi-
gent; barren, waste, uncultivated ground;
little (of anything).

y>~> sabz, Green, verdant, fresh ; black,
dark, opaque ; blue (eyes) ; grass ; a sword,
dagger, or breast-plate of a bluish hue ; —
sabis biidan, To continue in full bloom,
green and flourishing ; — sabzi bahdr, Name
of a note in music; — sabzi du-tdy, Night j
— sabz shudan, To grow, to spring up ; to
become manifest or conspicuous ; to stag-
nate and get green (water) ; to become
mouldy (bread) ; to be near setting (the
sun) ; to succeed ; — sabz kardan, To cause
to grow; to flatter, to caress, to foster; to
make good, to compose well (a speech, <fec.) ;
— humri sabz, Fresh or blooming beauty ; —
— tkati sabz, A black or recently- grown
beard; — sari sabz, A vigorous and wide-
awake head.

vA^t— sabz- ah, A green thing on water.
f\y>- sabz-dkhur, )<— sabz-dkhwur, A
stable full of fresh grass; the sky.

V~ sabza-rang, Of a green colour.

asL^ sabz - dshydna, <$\fi\ yi-« sabz-
aiwdn, >!— sabz-bddbdn, The sky.

y*~- jS>\ y-. sabz andar sabz, Name of the
ninth musical note of the barbud.

£Vj sabz-bdg]i, The human body ; the
sky.

J^J j*~ sabz-lal (<J^ ball), A sort of
grape.

y-> eabz-bakht, Fortunate, lucky.
^U-^ sabz-bustdn, A grass-plot, green.
aa> yt~. sabz-buna, A dark-coloured mis-
tress.

A# y-, salz-bahdr, A musical note.
y>~ sabz-pd, ^ \*~ sabz-pdy, One who
brings ill luck with him (Black-foot).
iSftyr* tabz-pari, The verdant spring.

0$ y*~ sabz-pul, The sky.

)*- sabz-posh, Clothed in green ; a
tree in full leaf ; dressed in mourning ;
angels; saints, religious persons; a dyer;
a currier; — sabz.poshdni bagM bihisM, The
huris i—tabz-poehdni falaJc, Angels.

w~> mbz-chashm, Blue-eyed.

& y>~. sabz-iahugwlgun, = <5^}j<-> q.v.
_ y~ eabz-khdna, A house of mourn-
ing ; a cemetery.

" ^ )f» mbz-Jchatt, Having a youthful
beard. — 8 J

sabz-ihing, A hay horse ; the
s *y ! — 8abe-£hingi manhue. The world ; for-
tune.

©V->«-. sabz-Jc&wdn, The sky.

sabz-ddna. Green (corn), just in
ear, before the grain is formed ; seed of
turpentine.

eabz-ddya, A violet.
j«» _)*«. safes dar sabz, Name of a note ;
greenish, blackish, <fce.

<-S^ ? 3^ >•* sabz'du-tdy, Night.
sabg-dih, The sky.
>~ sabz-rang, Green ; black.
<^*W >>- sabz-roshan A kind of pigeon.

sabzzdr, Of a greenish colour.
£lj >•» sabz-zdg&, The world ; the sky.
fcVfc nabz-ehakh, Fresh of branch.
C^jn* sabz-shlrln, = q.v.
a ye- sabz-tdq, The sky.
a- ^'(t^. eafos-ta'us, The sky.
a. ls~4.1 ^ go£z itasW, The sky.
f^l y*~ sabz-fam, Of a greenish colour.
vAf* )*•>• sabe-farsh, The sky.
a M gabz-qaba, Name of a bird (called
also sabzaF) of a yellowish green j another
species of bird ; an inebriating draught
made of hemp-leaves and opium.

a f>^i gabs-qadam, Unfortunate, un-
lucky.

<*!>*~> sabzak, Green, fresh, flourishing ; a
flagon; maslock; name of a bird (cora-
cias.)

ft y>* sabz-gdr, Whose actions are good.

t\S j\i y^, sabz-hdr-gdh, utUy* gabz-
leushk, The sky.

usU^^. Babz-hdlak, An unripe melon,
sabzgar, ~ j^W— q-v.

X£ sabz-gird, Name of a bird.

vtAS y*~ Babz-gulshan, The sky.

q£ (»AnS y~* sahz-gandum-gun, A dark
miBtress.

a JU^-_ sabz-mul, _)•*•» sabz-mdli, A
kind of grape.

a i$*Afy?~. sabz-masha'la-dum, A green-
coloured pigeon with a white tail.

a sabz-tnalih, A dark-complexioned

mistress.

a Ji^* y*~> sabz-manzara, The sky.

a t^'V* /!— sabz-niaiddn, The sky.

^ ^ sabz-nan, Green or mouldy bread.

tsSijv sabzang, Mouldy, musty.

sabzwdr, Name of a country in

( 648 ) ^

Persian Irak - ; also of a town there; — sdbza-
war, Name of a town in Khurasan.

>*~* i»e* j sabsj it nim-sabz, z=^^^-t
q.v.

jaJza, A green herb, a pot-herb ; ver-
dure ; an incipient beard ; bloom ; a green
stone worn in the ear as an ornament ; —
Babza'i bahdr, Name of a note in music ; —
Babza'i bigdna, Parasitic plants to be torn
out or pruned ; — sabza'i khipabida. Grass
or herbs trodden upon and spread over
the ground; — eabxa'i nau-ras, A sprout-
ing or incipient beard.

A S)«~« sabza-db, Thick, stinking water.

sabza-zar, A verdant mead ;
sabea-qabd, (green-coat) A kind

)M\ S)*-. sahza andar sabza, Name of a
note in music.

&s^o gj** sabza-ddna, A violet.

h 5*-
"wicked.

a M «j-
of bird,

tsj-^- tabzl, Verdure, greenness; any es-
culent vegetable ; pleasantness, freshness ;
spirituous liquor; a wine- vessel; a mistress
of a dark colour ; profit.

^Asr* (_s>-* sabzi-farosh, A seller of greens.

^jfc sabzl-Mrl, A green-garden

(m.e.)

a s-~*-» sabmb, A desert country, an ex-
tensive desert.

a ' V L-.'t— sabastiya, Sebaste in Palestine.

a W~ sabt (v.n.), Being lank (the hair);
lank hair; [eabtu 'l-jism, Of a fine straight
stature; — sabtu 'l-yadain, Liberal ;]— sibt,
a son's son ; a daughter's son ; progeny,
family; a tribe (of Israelites) ; — sabat (v.n.),
Having smooth lank hair ; the herb nasi
when green (an excellent pasture) ; — saUt,
Tall, of a high stature.

A y^W-, sibtain (obi. du. of sibt used as
nom.), The two offsprings (viz. of Ali),
Hasan and Husain.

a sab' (v.n.), Becoming the seventh,
making up the number seven ; taking the
seventh part ; twisting a rope of seven
plaits; seven (fern,); railing at, insulting;
biting ; stealing ; shooting at, scaring (wild
beasts) ; making havoc amongst the flock;
[sab' alwdn, Seven kinds of food ; the
seven storey s of the heavens ; also of
the earth ; — as-sab'u 'l-masdni, The first
chapter of the Qur'iin (as consisting of
seven verses) ; the seven long chapters of
the Qur'an (f rom laqarat to taubat) ;] — sib',
An interval of seven days between the times
of a camel's drinking ; — sub', The seventh
part ; — sabu', A beast of prey, a wild beast
(because mostly they give birth after seven
months).

a X**- sah'at, eaba'at, sah'a, Seven (masc.) ;
a lioness ; name of a man.

A (jy**-. sab'iin, y***-* eab'in, Seventy.

8abu'i, Fierce, ferocious, fell,

ferine.

( 649 )

a gabu'iyat. Fierceness, cruelty, wj]d-
ness.

&~> sabagk, Fine, precious, pure, clean ;
beautiful, elegant, graceful, lovely ; a rapa-
cious animal ; a palace having many win-
dows of glass ; a house painted with a
number of figures ; a large loaf or cake
toasted on the coals or under the ashes ; —
eubugk, The roof of a house ; a honeycomb ;
a reed.

ii\it~. iahghfi/na, Earnest ; — subaAdna,
Tall.

<u\ij~ sab/ana, Cup, bowl ; — subfdna,
Tall.

a (J-s— »abq (v.n.), Going before, taking
the lead, preceding, excelling, outstripping,
surpassing ; coming in first at a horse-race ;
[ma sabaq (3rd sing, pret.), The above-
mentioned;] — sabaq, A lecture; lesson; a
bet, stake (at a horse-race, <fcc.) ; precedence ;
— sabaq burdan, To surpasB, overcome, take
the lead, carry precedency ; to do much ; —

sabaq justan, To try to excel ; sabaq kfap&n-

dan, To say a lesson ; — sabaq dddan (dars
dddan, ddshian, wddddan), To give a lesson,
to teach ; — sabaq rawan (roshan) hardan, To
remember, to learn or recite by heart ; —
sabaq hardan (giriftan), To excel ; — sabaq gi-
riftan, To take a lesson ; — kas-rd sabaq <fU
riftan, To take one for a model, to imitate.

sabaqai, sabqat, Precedence; making
haste to come first; [sabaqat giriftan. To
take precedence, to take the lead ; to anti-
cipate ;] — svbqat, subqa, A wager, a stake.

a J^'u&t* sabaq-tdsk, A fellow-student.

a (Jk— sabaq-khwdn, A pupil, a stu-
dent.

a JAM**, sabaq-ddsh, = vȣ>^*~ q.v.

a «tl«-« mbJc, A melting, casting, pouring ;
cast, shape, mould (m.c.) ; system (as sabki
ta'lim, SyBtem of instruction, m.c).

«tW- sabuk, Light (not heavy); light-
footed, expeditious, active ; undignified ;
unsteady ; degrading ; shallow ; indepen-
dent ; haste, despatch ; [sabuk shudan, To
be light ; to be smoothed ; to be alleviated ;
to be despised ; — sabuk giriftan, To despise ;
to hold light ;] — eibik, Name of a bird
which flies towards the sun ; — subik, Soft ;
weak; softness; weakness; — eubuk, Light; —
subuhi khidya, The air as element; — subuki
mtikada, Fire (see fc}\>*).

Bobkad, Summit of a mountain ; the
crown of the head.

jW^c- sabuk-bdr, Of a light weight, ready
to rise and travel ; lightly loaded, unencum-
bered ; jocund, blithe, free from care.

a U{ <alj~. sabuk-baqd, Merry, jovial, jolly.

(jliusV. sabuh-pdy, Light of foot ; a post-
man ; a post-horse ; a courier ; inconstant.

fi eabuk-par, Swift-winged.

&£s£+* sabuktigin, Name of a brave
general (father of Sultan Mahmud, founder
of the dynasty of the Ghaznawids, who

flourished in the beginning of the eleventh
century); aDy man distinguished for in-
trepidity) ; a precious thing ; a divorced
woman returning to her husband, and
cohabiting with him without a re-marriage
(reckoned infamous) ; an adulteress, a
whore.

ni™. sabuk-pai, = ^ q.v.
a qSjij. csX*- sabuk-jauldn (jawaldn), Who
travels quickly, a runner.

i^*- sabukcka, Somewhac light.

■ye**- sabuk-kAirad, Flighty, injudicious.

eabuh-khez, Vigilant, quick,
brisk, active; a rivulet (as rising rapidly).
■M-ii*- sabuk-ddd, Active, nimble, clever.
sabuk-ddr, A postman ; a letter-
bag.

sabuk-ddru, Any medicine which
soon operates ; a physician who administers
pleasant medicines to his patient.

cs-Ata <alf*. sahik-dasht, Contempt.

ta-— ~i sabuk-dast, Expert, dexterous.

l>J *-o dXf* sabuk-dasti, Quickness, dexte-
rity.

Jii v&f*. sabuk-dil, Light-hearted, merry,
gladsome.

eabuk-dosh, Lightly laden.
sabuk-rafidr, tdbuic-

rikdb,

«^<— sabuk-rav, Who travels

quickly ; (met.) frivolous, indiscreet.
Cjj »»*~ sabuk-ruh, Merry, jovial, jolly.
jC «£W- sabuk-sdr, Light-headed ; con-
temptible; helpless; unsteady, undignified ;
hasty; a fool ; alone, independent.

(vj^U. utLy sabuk-sdrdn. Worldly persons.
jjjL, uiLf-. sabuk-sdri, Levity of mind.
ajL, ml-— sabuk-sdya, Fleeting, transient.

sabuk-sar, Light-headed ; sober.
,v|\j_ t«X--. sabuk-saran, Poor, low persona ;
fools ; courageous.

tiXju. ud<-- sabuk-sang, Light, undignified.
yt~> sabuk-ser, Soon satisfied.
a jf <2A-t~ sabuk-sair, Quick, swift, light-
paced.

a jji uii*- sabuk tab', Merry, jovial.
a yUc utV^— sabuk-'indn, Swift; tract-
able.

a jjtf sil)-. sabak-qadar, = j~ <si<— q.v.
p\S cdL*. sabuk-gdm, Swift-paced, travelling
quickly.

a Vs) sabuk-liqd, Frank, open, pre-

possessing ; prompt, obedient.

«>U£-- sabuk-mdya, Cheap; ignorant.

a e y

sabuk-mixdj, Weak ; fickle.

inconstant, irresolute.

a y> j' '» < 8 " sabuk-mashrab, Light-minded,
frivolous.

sabuk-maghz, Stupid, silly ; fickle,
inconstant, irresolute.

a 4*-** ustt- sabuk-Mmmat, Light-minded,
unambitious.

^s^t— sabuki, Lightness, levity; little-
ness ; weakness of mind ; insult ; (ad-
verbially ) touching slightly on a subject.

d~ ( 650 )

A J*-> subl, An ear of corn, or an ear
well filled with grain ; — sabal, rain ; an ear
of corn ; disturbance ; execration, reproach,
contumely ; a disease or a web in the eye ;
blood-shot eye ; blear eye ; name of a cele-
brated horse ; — subul (pi. of sabil), Ways ;
modes of life, manners, institutions.

fcjS.?- sabaldn, A mountain near Ardebil.

a sablat, eabalat (pi. sibal), Whiskers,
mustachioB ; [sablat tdftan, To twist the
mustachios; — eablat zada% To shave the
mustachios ; — sablat gust kardan, To weaken
or distress ;] — evMat, Widely extended rain.

u^-ls— siblit, mbilt, Glue.

gi*-. sibanj, The beam of a plough.

y*~> sabo, sabil, A cup, ewer, jar, glass,
pitcher, pot ; — sabu shikastan, To break the
cup (of hope), to despair; to spill wine; to
forbid its use ; — sabu shikastani dkhirln
cJiahar-shamba, A breaking of ewers on the
last Wednesday of a month with the cry,
" Evil is gone and good has come " (a super-
stitious custom).

sabu-ba-dosh, A carrier or bearer
of the sabil.

sabiicha, A little pitcher, jar, or

ewer.

a ty*~> sabuh, A swimmer ; a pleasant-
paced horse.

a &c*ft~. sabuhat. sabuha, Mecca ; accord-
ing to others the valley of 'Arafat.

ijfy sabara, A catamite.

<j<jt— sabos, subos, Bran, chaff; scurf; —
sabosi Ituhna'i jau ba-nirkhi gundam farokh-
tan, To boast of former prosperity or great-
ness when there was none.

yt~ yt~> sabu-sabz, A small ewer or jar (un-
supported by examples).

sabosa, Dandriff, scurf ; bran ; saw-
dust ; a weevil ; froth.

gabosandk, Scaly, scurfy (head).

A subvffh (v.n. of ), Being ample,
profuse, complete (benefit).

a <V- sabah, Dotage.

a sahy (v.n.), Making a captive,
taking prisoner ; captivating (a woman) ;—
sabi, A captive, a prisoner of war.

a s-**~ sabtb, A reviler ; hair hanging
over the forehead of a horse ; the mane ;
the tail ; entangled hair.

a sabij, sabljai, A shirt with-

out sleeves ; a black woolJen garment.

a sablkh, Anything which falls

from carded cotton or birds' feathers ; bowed
cotton folded up for spinning ; cotton folded
up to spread a medicine upon.

ye** sibir, Siberia (m.c).

A sabi', A seventh ; name of a family
of the tribe Hamadan.

a i*irf subai'ai, subai'a, Name of a woma:;
from amongst the companions of Muham-
mad.

A sabikat, sabllca, A mass, ingot,

bar, or lamina of gold or silver.

A J**~ sabil, A way, road, path ; a mode
manner, means ; opportunity of attacking
au enemy ; way of escape ; — sabilu 'r-ram,
Custom ('aid sablli 'r-rasm, " by way of cus-
tom, customary," m.c.) ; — sabilu 'llah, Reli-
gious warfare ; anything commanded by
God to be done in his service ; — sabil kar-
dan, To prepare, arrange, put in order; —
ibnu 's-sabil, A wayfarer, traveller; — 6a-
sabll, By way of, by means of, through the
medium of ;—fi sabili 'llah. In the way of
God, for the love of God, for sacred uses,

J«~< sibil, Whiskers, mustachios ; —
sibilash-rti tdftan, To twist a person's mus-
tachios, to flatter, to coax ; — sibili kanda, A
shaved-off mustachio.

J-**- sibil-kanda, Who has his mus-
tachios shaved off, without mustachios (m.c).

^■jim— sibyush, Seed of fleawort.

L~ gipa, A tripod ; three-legged (stool).

jV" sipdr, A wine-press ; a large trough
into which the grapes are thrown and
pressed with the feet ; (imp. of sipdridan
and sipurdan, in compos.) committing, re-
signing, recommending, giving in charge ; —
sipdr, supdr, Household furniture ; a vessel
in general, especially one in which grapes
are carried from place to place ; — supdr, A
ploughshare.

yjjL-. sipdrdan, supdrdan, To resign.

2SjjL~, sipdrda, Committed to.

\J>j<v sipdrish, Recommendation, delega-
tion, commission, charge ; intercession ; —
sipdrish kardan, To recommend to the care
of another, to consign ; to command.

a-iijly- sipdranda, A betrayer, traitor.
sipdriik, A pigeon,

*>V* sapdra, A whetstone ; — sipdra (from
st, Thirty, and .para, A portion), One of the
thirty sections in which the Qur'an is di-
vided.

(jjL- sipdri, The stalk of corn ; an ear of
corn or barley ; — supdri, sipdri, The areca-
nut.

w JjjU~, sipdridan, To delegate, empower,
commit, charge; to finish, complete; to
pursue or perform (a voyage).

sipds, Kindness, grace, favour;
praise, thanksgiving; consent, approval;
prayer ; — sipds burdan (ddnistan). To ac-
knowledge a favour, to be grateful; — sipds
ddshtau, To thank, to give thanks; — sipds
kardan (guzdshtan), To offer thanks, to
thank ; — sipds nihddan bar, To put an
obligation upon, to claim thanks.

u"V"" sipds-ddr, Grateful, thankful.

sipds-ddri, Gratitude, thanks-
giving ; — sipds-ddri kardan, To return
thanks.

iS^jS u"V- sipat-gus&ri, A thanksgiving.
sipdsa, supdsa, Kindness, humanity;
an obligation, a favour by which one is
bound to gratitude; gratitude, thanks-
giving.

lf»V* g ipusi, A beggar.

eAs-V" sipdsiydn, Beggars ; those to whom
the first apostle of Persia was sent.

a^V* sipdsidan, To praise (God) for
benefits received ; to implore assistance,
grace, or favour.

&v sipdgh, A thatched house ; meat
eaten with bread.

B^L-. tsipdnaj, sipdndkh, Spinach.

sipdwa, Magnificence, pomp, power.

tVj- eipdh, supdh, An army, a militia ;
soldiers, cavalry; — sipdhi tarn, A raw re-
cruit ; — sipdh randan, To lead an army ; —
sipdh shudan, To muster ; — sipdh shikastan,
To destroy or rout an army ; — eipdh kardan,
To go a-warfaring ; to serve as a soldier ; —
BipdJi garii'ida.n, To turn an army towards ; —
sipdhi mor-shumdr, An army numerous as
pismires ; — pddshdhi anjum-sipdh, A king
with an army equalling the stars in num-
ber.

ylM^-. sipdhdn (pi. of sipdh), Soldiers ;
Ispahan ; musical tones.

SU. sipdh-ddr, jSL. aU« sipah-sdldr,
yif &\^~, sipdh-kash, General of an army.

sip&hgari, The military profes-
sion.

sipdhi, Military, belonging to an
army ; a horseman, cavalier ; a military
tenant, lord, feudal chief of a town or vil-
lage •, — tipdhe, One soldier, sepoy.

yL^V* sipahiyan (pi. of sipdhi), Sol-
diers.

si-pdya, A tripod, trevet ; a horse-
militia; — gi-jjdi/a't hawa'i, (the airy tripod)
The constellation called the Eagle.

es)lx^» siptdk, White paint for the face.

yUu- siptdn, Liquorice-root.

y*a&»- sitpukhian, To drive (as a nail into
a wall, or a stake into the ground) ; to
stab.

sapd, Name of the mountain on which
F&rucl, son of Siyawush, was killed ; — sapad,
A basket ; a grain ; a grass ; a little ; —
sipad, The earth; name of an angel ; name
of the twelfth solar month ; the fifth of the
month ; rue,

^ sapad-chm, Grapes remaining
after the vintage.
jU sapad-ddr, A basket-bearer.
sapadgar, A basket-maker.
sapadi, Some article of official

dress.

yt~ gipar, A shield, buckler, target ; (imp.
of sipardan, in eomp.) travelling, tread-
ing or trodden upon ; (for sih-piar) having
three sails (a mill) ; — sipari dtishln, The
sun; — sipari afgandan (andakjitan) , To
throw away one's shield, to surreuder, to
flee ; to suffer ignominy ; — gipar bar dh
afgandan, To submit, to surrender, to be-
come weak or contemptible ; — sipar bar sar
hashidan (bar rukh giriftan), To shield
oneself ; — sipar bar kitf dokhtan, To put the

shield on one's shoulder ; — sipar baeian, To
shield oneself ; — sipar dar pusht kashldan,
To throw the shield back (in token of
friendship); — sipar dar sipar baftan, To
intertwine the shields ; — sipar dar sar
(rukh, ruy) kashidan, To Bhield oneself ; —
sipari-siydh, The sun; — sipari shangarfi,
The sun ; — sipar kardan, To trample upon ;
— sipar kashidan, To shield oneself ; — sipari
gdv, A buckler made of the hide of a buffalo ;
— sipari gurg, A buckler made of the hide
of a wolf (considered the best).

gipar-anddz, Who throws away
his shield, i.e. surrenders.

sipuranidan, To cause, allow, or
command to be trodden under foot.

ls*j~~ siparji, Hilarity, cheerfulness.

J jv** sipurd, supurd, Charge, keeping,
care, trust ; solitude ; contentment ; pa-
tience, long-suffering; submission, hu-
mility ; perseverance in a right course ; a
being trodden; fatigue from travelling;
the conclusion of a song.

sipar- ddda, Mace.

j\ j y^, sipar-d&r, A shield-bearer.

< _ sj \j j^-. sipar-ddrt, Protecting, shielding ;
— siparddrl kardan, To protect, to shield.

3V sipar'dirik, >s)Jj~«« saparddk, A
small turban, &c. (= i^U-J q.v.).

i^^ji^ sipurdagl, A treading, a tram-
pling.

e>*»j~- sipardan, To fold up, wrap to-
gether ; — sipardan, sapardan, To travel ; — -
sipurdan, To give in charge, entrust, con-
sign, make over to, deposit with ; to betray ;
to supply, to strengthen ; to cause to ar-
rive ; to sit solitary ; to lay up ; to be
humble, content, resigned ; to trample ; to
be trampled; — ba-khdk sipurdan, To com-
mit to the ground, to bury.

^jjjjj- sipurdani, Fit to be entrusted.

sjjj_ saparda, siparda. Trampled ; tra-
velled ; folded.

supurz, The spleen, the milt.

*2*>j supurz-rang, Spleen-coloured.

J*x~> aiparish, A skirt ; a handkerchief,
veil.

f£x~> sipargham, sipragham, Sweet basil ;
marjoram.

cs!jj~i siprak, siparak, A herb which, boiled,
dyes yellow ; — siparak, A little shield ; the
measles.

sipar-kash, A shield -bearer,
siparga, = q.v. _
J%]~» sipargl, sapragi, Pain, grief, afflic-
tion.

y.jJj^ siparlos, A king's palace.

siparam, sipram. Sweet basil; always

young.

<£&^~- siparang, A city near Samarqand.
j-- sipar-war, Shield-bearer, armed with
a shield.

ei-pra, Vitriol; — sipara, A kind of

game.

( 651 )

( 652 ) V.

siparham, Sweet basil.

\£]V sipari, Anything brought to a con-
clusion ; trampled under foot; annihilated ;
a broad-headed arrow ; complete, perfect ;
— sipari shudan, To be finished, ended, ex-
hausted, annihilated; — sipari kardan, To
exhaust ; — sipari gardanidan, To close,
finish, annihilate, exterminate.

a^jr* siparldan, To finish, perfect.

Kjr^.yf sipres, A race- ground.

&.ytr~ saprigh, suparigh, A full bunch of
grapes or dates ; ears of wheat, especially
those left after reaping; a straight road.

fciS>^-. siprig, Trefoil ; yellow-dyeing
wood.

,_3^y~> sipazgi, Affliction, sadness, sorrow.
sapus, = <j*_j»- q.v, (unsupported by
examples) ; — sipas, Behind, at the back,
after ; the backside ; [zdn sipas, After
that; — zin sipas, After this;] — supus, A
louse; — supus jmtan, To louse, to hunt for
lice ; — baiza'i supus, The egg of a louse, a
nit.

j W** sipsu-r, A broker ; a woman medi-
ating marriages.

^— sipasd raftan, To retreat.
_ sipasayagi, Eetrogression, mo-

tion back ; — sipasayagi raftan, To retreat.

sapist, A stink; nasty, dirty,
stinking; any fattening herb, especially
trefoil ; — supusl, Trefoil, clover ; offensive,
stinking (as the smell of fish, damp clothes,
pitch, copper vessels),

t)^~-v*" sipistan, Sebestens.
/-r sipastar, Posterior, farther back.
,U sapist-zar, sumist-zar, A clover-

field.

<sj^» ~- sapista, Of a fetid smell.
^SLz-^. u-*~. eupus-justagi, Search for
lice.

u 1 *) "i^^j v*if %ip&& raftagi'i bini, A
turning vip or cocking of the nose.
•D y"?~ sipas-rav, A follower,
sipasin, Hindermost.
yi>$- sipush, Seed of fleawort.

sapusha, A lentil ; according to
others, A weevil.

sapagh. Handsome, elegant ; pure ; a
house with many glass windows or painted
with a number of figures ; a loaf or cake
toasted on the coals or under the ashes ; —
supugh, The roof of a house ; a honey-
comb ; a reed.

sipk, A yellow blight on corn,
^^y- sipMd, Crown of head ; mountain-
top.

J~- sapal, Hoof of a camel or elephant.
sipanj (for sih panj). Fifteen (three .
fives) ; from three to five, i.e. a small quan-
tity ; a place where one halts or rests for
a few days ; (met.) the world ; a lodge
for those who watch fields; a stranger, a
guest; anything easily corrupted, a perish-
able commodity; anything borrowed or

lent ; a pasture- ground where cattle gra,i«
for a few days ; a place abounding in grass
and water ; — sipanj ddshtan, To look at with
indifference ; — sipanji ka'batain, Thirty
table-men at the game of nard, or tables.

sj^v sipanjdb, Name of a country.

s>W- gA^. sipanj-fchana, Hired house;
world.

ts*-^- sipanji, Borrowed ; transient, fleet-
ing.

•j^j- sipand. Wild rue (of which, and its
seeds, a fumigation against malignant
eyes is prepared) ; name of a mountain ;
(for sih pand) three counsels or salutary
advices.

jtj^w, sipanddr, The stay of the sun in
Pisces ; a candle ; name of the son of Gush-
tasp.

i^xs^, sipanddrmuz, The twelfth month
of the Persian year (February), so called
from an angel supposed to preside over the
earth ; the earth.

L.^ sipand-dsd, Brisk, quick.

q\<m~» sapanddn, sipanddn, The seed of
wild rue ; mustard ; nasturtium ; — sipandatti
talkh. The bitter seed of a certain herb;
plantain, cresses ; — sipanddni khurd, Mus-
tard-seed ; — sipanddni surkAt Cresses ; —
sipanddni ganda, Rue.

jj_ .u^, sipand-soz, Who fumigates with
rue.

sipandoz, A piece of wood having
a round hole in it, fixed on the top of a.
tent-pole.

(jjjoj-j-. sipandm, Seed of wild rue ; mus-
tard.

jj^V sapangur, Nightshade.

£jj~> sipokh, A point, puncture, poke ;—
supokh, A fuller's beetle.

(jj-si^-. sipokhtan, sapokhtan, To prick,
pierce, transfix, thrust, poke; to thrust one
thing violently into another ; to draw forth
one thing from another, to tear out ; to
throw down ; to cause to fall into a hole ;—
bar-sipokhtan, To draw forth ; — dar-sipoik-
tan, To thrust violently into.

sipokhta, sapokhta, Thrust vio-
lently in, poked ; drawn forth.

jjr" sipoz, A puncture ; extraction ; in-
sertion ; (imp. of sipokhtan, in comp.)
pricking ; drawing out ; fixing in.

J^jff sipozgdr, Dilatory, tedious, negli-
gent.

©"Hi?*"" supoztdan, To prick, pierce,
thrust.

sapusd, \)"ff sapuswd, A kind of
porridge.

ud-j-. sapusak, Porridge, scurf, dandruff.
fiXiS sapusi gandum, Bran.

sipah, supah, Army, soldiery, ca-
valry.

■^Mf?- sipaha-bud, A commander, gene-
ral (unsupported by examples).

sipah-drdy, Who arrays an army,

( 658 )

«it*$- ripah-bud (»•»» buda), An emperor,
general, lord, chief ; a title of the kings of
Tabaristin.

^^r" sipahbnddn, Name of a musical
note.

sipah-bara, A headman of a com-
pany, the chief of a people ; a treasurer.

sipah-ddr, Commander of an

army.

^.i^- gipah-dari, Command of an army.

ftf sipihr, The heavens, sky, sphere,
celestial globe ; fortune ; the world ; time ;
the sun ; — sipihri ajchshejistdn. The sublunar
heaven ; — sipihri a'zam (sipihri poshida),
The heaven of heavens ; — sipihri barin, The
ninth or highest heaven ; — sipihri buqala-
mun, The varying sky ; — sipihri duldbi(zan-
gdri), The sky; — sipihri hashtum, The
eighth sphere, i.e. the Zodiac ; — sipihr dni
hamdni, All the heavens (nine in number).

j'rtt-' sipihrdr, The sphere of fire.

O^A _riff~ sipikr-dstdn, Whose threshold
resembles heaven (attribute of a great
king).

<$tfi}*tt~ sipihr-afirin, God, the creator.
gjS sipihr-gun, Sky-blue, cerulean,
azure.

IW sipahram, Name of a wrestler of
Turan.

a rt~- sipihr-murtaba, Who has
reached the ranks of heaven (a king).

a^t^y^- sipihr-maqddir, Extended as
heaven, immense (an army).

a, Jty yt#~ sipihr-nawdl, Heaven-given
(attribute of a king).

a>i a^-. sipikra-band, A magician ; magic,
incantation.

jSLdu*. sipdk-sdldr, Commander-in-chief.

^5jl>U 4j_ sipah-g&ldrl, Command of an
army.

tj-i i-f sipah-kash (army-leading), A
general.

sape, sipe (for q.v.), White, &c.
>*)^!-~ sipetdh, White paint for the
face.

supecha, sipeeha, sapeeha-, A pellicle
floating on the surface of vinegar.

sapikh, The haunt of a wild beast ;
a hunter's retreat.

saped (S. sveta), White ; conspicuous,
manifest ; empty ; name of a fort, of a
demon, and of a river ; — gaped uftddani
hawdhib, Fortune smiles ; — saped dmadan,
To become evident ; — saped shudan, To be
clear, evident, known ; — saped shudani
balM, Fortune brightens ; — saped shudani
chashm (dida), To grow blind ; — saped shu-
dani Jchun, To be cruel, inhumane, hard-
hearted ; — saped hardan, To make appear,
to render evident ; to wash (clothes) ; to
smile (applied to lips and teeth) ; to be
humble (applied to the tongue) ; to grow
very old (applied to the eyebrows) saped
u siydh, White and black ; day and night ;

good and bad ; Arabians and Persians ; all
creatures.

sapedd, Ceruse, white-lead.
s-^-Vf* sapeddb, White-lead ; a sort of
food.

sapeddj, Ceruse, white-lead.

sapeddr (for eaped-ddr), J^4s*-» sa-
pedal (the latter for the former by inter-
change of liquids), The white poplar ; a
willow.

4^ eipiddn, A fort built by Jamshed.

^ *tx~* saped-bd, Meat, onions, butter,
olives, and dry cheese (mixed without
spices or seasoning).

SV» .w-. saped-bald, First dawn of day.

fit Jke^— saped-bdm, A whitish colour.

J As-- eaped-bar, The summer.

saped-barg, Beet, spinage.

^ saped-pd, (white-foot), One who
brings good luck.

j3 Aj-— saped-par (white- wing), A gnat.

saped-post, White-skinned ; tin.
saped-posh, Clothed in white ;
the white poplar.

^t> saped'pahnd, Second or true

dawn.

(j> saped-pai, = \ q.v.

ctlU' saped-tdk, A shrub used in tan-
ning, galangale.

yl&Aij. Anj-. saped-jdmagdn, pi. of the
following.

saped-jdma, Clad in white ; a
fire-worshipper.

(j*^- J**- saped- chashnu, Yileness; im-
pudence ; deformity.

jU. A-^™, saped'Jeftar, A kind of thistle.

j\j£- Aff^. saped- khwdr, An animal which
devours dead bodies.

j\j saped-dar, A willow.
jl-^-. saped-ddn, Mustard.

ts^-j j^.,-. saped-dast, Liberal, munificent ;
happy, fortunate, blest ; Moses (leprous-
handed).

I»j Jie~- saped-dum, A white-tailed pigeon;
a kind of plant.

2 j^. saped-rav, An excellent falcon; —
saped-ro, Tin ; — saped-ru, Fortunate ; excel-
lent, behaving with propriety ; a beetle.

j^-. saped-rud, A river in Azarbaijan.
saped-roy, Tin ; — saped-ruy, For-
tunate ; bright-faced ; red-faced.

ju-— saped-fdm, Whitish-coloured.

j\i saped-kdr, Honest, upright;

liberal; a hypocrite, a flatterer,

i-li" saped-lcdsa, Libera],
(opp. to 4-.^ »W» q.v.).

^jjS saped-goy, Out-spoken,

^j,^ sapedagi, Whitish ; white fard.

jj- ±2*-. saped-mard, A flower like the
anemone.

y jk-f^-. saped-m-H (mo), Grey -haired.

saped-mil'i (mo'i), Grey-haired -

ness.

saped-muhra, A tube, a post-

generous

( 654 )

boy's horn ; a shell which they sound as a
trumpet; small shells, conch ulte veneris.

saped-ndma, Of fair character
(opp. to &*\s aL-, q.v.).

15 saped-wd, A dish made of sour
milt.

»«*~- sapeda, Whiteness ; the white of
the eye ; the dawn ; the white of an egg j
— gapeda'i enndn, Ladies' white, i.e. a white
paint.

Sl» s^«. sapeda-bdld (u^W bdld'l), The
false dawn.

usftig* sa^. sapeda-paknd'i, The second
or true dawn,

(•j BA^-— sapeda-dam, The dawn ; — sapeda-
dum, Name of a plant resembling the ane-
mone.

yUj tJu^, sapeda-damdn, aj^»
sapeda-subh, The dawn.

fcS-**--* sapedt, Whiteness, purity ; a white
substance east forth by a female in want of
the male; — sapedl'i khaya'i ■murs/fa, The
white of an egg ; — sapedi gadan (bar-zadan,
kardan,) = gaped shudan, q.v. under

y J i^s»*" sape-dev (for deivi eaped), Name of
a demon killed by Rustam .

sapirak, )} ^~- saplru, A red-winged
insect found in baths.

J*s- sapil, The shrill cries of birds.

^ytf sipyush, Seed of fleawort.

a t=~. satt, Foul language ; a vice, ble-
mish; — sitt, Six (fem.).

U- gala, A commentary on the Zand; —
sita (imp. of siludan, in comp.), Praising,
lauding; praise, benediction; a kind of
canopy ; a three-stringed instrument (for
8ih ta), triple, three-thread ; the third
game of nard ; name of a musical note ;
three goblets of wine for cleansing the
Btomach ; — auta, A comment on the Zand.

*»^~ sitaba, Fraud, deceit (see *y^-),

fcU- sitaJch. A branch of a tree twining
about another ; a young branch shooting
from another.

jU^ satdd, sitdd (apocopated inf. of the
following), To take away; — sitdd (ditto),
To stand.

y^U- satddan, To take away, to carry
off ; — sitddan, To take, to carry away ; to
stand, stay.

a sitdda, Taken, carried away ; placed,
deposited ; stood, standing ; a tent.

i^A »JUm. sitaz-db, The trickling of water ;
the spirting up of water.

jU~ gator, A star ; a mosquito curtain ; —
sitdr (for sih tdr), A three-stringed guitar ;
a rising star ; a riff, a rock ; such a one
(like q.v.).

a j^~> sitdr, A veil, covering ; name of a
place ; also of a mountain ; — gattdr, The
keeper of the curtain, the porter at the
royal doorway ; the veiler (of sin, &c.), one
of the names of God.

eitdr-bdz, A player on the guitar.

a l)\z~> sitdrat, A covering ; name of a
mountain.

<5&)Ia«. sitdrcha, A little star ; a spark.

(^bt*. sitaragdn (pi. of sitdra), Stars.

JjIjL satdra, A mosquito- curtain ; a sort
of canopy ; a star ; a rule for drawing
right lines; — sitdra, A star; a horoscope,
nativity ; fortune, felicity ; a spark ; a geo-
metrical rule by which right lines are
drawn ; form, pattern ; a kind of guitar
with three strings ; the third game at nard ;
a kind of fire- work ; a banner ; a threshold;
quicksilver ; name of a city in India ; —
gitdra'i dtish, A spark of fire ; — sitdra ban-
dan, To shed tears ; — gitdra'i bdm, The
morning star; — sitdra ba-zer awardan, To
do or attempt impossibilities ; — sitdra bast
sitdra, The star (Venus) has vanquished
the other stars (said of one who claims
superiority over his equals) ; — gitdra'i jad-
wal, A rule for drawing right lines; — did-
rati chasTim, The star of the eye (said of a
king) ; — sitdra'i dum*ddr (dumbdla-ddr), A
comet ; — sitdra rekJttan, To drop stars, i.e.
to shed tears ; — sitdra'i zamin, Talc, lapis
specularis; — sitdra'i sipdh (sarlr), The eye
of the army (of the throne), epithet oi a
king ; — sitdra shumurdan, To count the stars ;
to lie awake ; — sitdra'i subhi bahdr, The
vernal morning star ; — sitdra'i qalandardn,
The sun; — sitdra na-ddghtan, To have no
(lucky) star, to be unfortunate.

a j^~ sitdra-peshdni, Having a star
on the forehead (reckoned a blemish in a
horse).

p£<* 8,U«, sitdr a-chashm, With eyes like
stars (epithet of a king").

SjU_ sitdra-ddn, An astrologer.

8jU-. sitdr a-dandd.n, With teeth
like stars (epithet of a mistress).

Li sitdra-sd, Touching the stars.

0 Sa«^- SjUw sitdra-sokhtagi, Bad-luck.
Sjls- sitdra-eokhta, Ill-fated.

j+a fijUL sitdr a-shumur, An astrologer.

y«UA sitdra-shinds, An astrologer.

yLisi Sjlio. sitdra-fishdn, Shedding tears.

y) 'cu. sitd-zan, A. performer on the three-
stringed guitar.

(^aIa- sitdshtan, yJAlsu. sitdshdan, To
take, seize, ravish (doubtful).

Qz~> sitdgh, Barren ; a colt not yet
saddled ; a horse ; a horn ; tamarisk ; an
abortion ; a camel giving much milk ; the
buttocks.

sitdfand, A portico; a stage,

theatre.

sitak, Young tree, shoot, sucker,

tendril.

sitdm, The ornamented part of a
saddle ; the nail of a horse-shoe ; a cym-
bal ; a kettle-drum ; ornaments of gold or
silver (especially horse-furniture) ; a thres-
hold ; — sitdm bar asp nihddan, To adorn a
horse.

( 655 )

CjU. satdti, (in comp.) Seizing, taking,
occupying, as bdj-eatan, Receiving toll or
duty, &c. ; — titan, Eeclining, sleeping or
lying on the back ; impatient, weak, feeble ;
[titan afgandan, To throw flat upon the
back;] — (for astan)'^ threshold ; — atdn (after
a vowel), istdn (after a consonant), Place
where an/thing abounds, as kkurmastdn, A
palm-grove, gulistan, A flower-garden, &c.

ULs» satana, Receiving.

tjjJU- satdndan, To take ; to take a wife.

ta\s~. satdnda, Seized ; carried off.

satdnand, They take ; an edifice
supported by pillars ;— satdnand u dihand,
They take and give ; (met.) a hurly-burly,
a free fight.

u\a, sitdna, A threshold; tears (of the
vine) ; also the bud or eye ; a wound from
a malignant eye.

y^li. mtdnldan, To take, to seize.

<*ijVs~> satdwand, gutdwand, A portico ; a
balcony, a lofty verandah supported by a
single pillar.

SjU. mtdwa, sitdwa, Fraud, deceit.

y^U. satdwez. Eaves ; a portico ; — sitdwes,
A market-place, shambles ; apiece of timber
with hooks on which meat is hung in mar.
kets ; the bench of a magistrate.

iatdwln, A pillared room ; shambles
(probably misreading for the preceding) .

tbu. sitdh, A star ; base silver ; name of a
note in music.

sitdy, ■— ^ q.v.

u*<U» gitdyieh, Praise, encomium, bene-
diction, returning thanks ; glory ; an
enigma ; — sitdyish dddan (kardan, giriftan),
To glorify God, to return thanks.

(jju«~&iU« sitayieh-stdn, A place of wor-
ship, a mosque or temple.

svi&4L- sitdyish-gah, The place of praise,
i.e. the last verse of a Persian ode ; called
also shah-bait, The royal distich ; in which
the poet, without the least imputation of
vanity, generally addresses himself in the
highest strain of self-approbation.

ijijU*. sitdyish-gar, Who praises, wor-
ships.

sitdyieh-gari, Praise, worship.

iAuU- sitdyanda, A praiser, panegyrist,

(jjAsiU- sitdyldan, To praise; to call.

p** siiabr, Thick, coarse; hard, stiff.

U U ^ju. sitabr-ndy, Thickness, coarseness ;
a large bizc.

^a**- eitabri, Thickness ; — aitabri'i awdz,
Hoarseness, gruffness of voice.

A fc- gittat, Six (males).

jsfes-. gitakhr, A pond, cistern ; name of a
fort,

4~afci- sitakhsa, A sieve.

otjasi- mttiMwdn, A bone ; stone of fruit.

j*si£- gatkhess, The resurrection.

gitad, Taking, receiving; — giiad-u-
dad, Taking and giving ; lending and bor-
rowing.

qax~, sitadan, To take, seize, carry off.

SAX - sitada, Received, taken ; placed.

A j*~> satr (v.n.), Covering, veiling, con-
cealing ; the privities ; — sitr, A covering,
curtain, veil, screen ; fear ; shame ; — satar,
A shield.

}+~ satar, A mule ; — sutur, Shaving ; a
knife, razor ; — mvy- (moy-) gutur, A barber.

s^r 5 - sitrab, A satrap (obsolete).

ofiV^A- suturbdng, suturbdnag,A. starling;
a wagtail.

a <J>>)> f~> sitr-posh, A woman' s drawers.

a. if~ sutrat, Anything which covers or
defends, as a veil, awniug, shield, wall, and
the like.

yoyu. giturdan, guturdan, To shave, scrape,
pare, pull out hairs ; to erase, cancel,
abolish, cut off ; to curry ; — ba-lcawalcib
gitwrdan, To adorn with stars.

« jy-. suturda, Shaved, erased ; cut off.

\ i^ji- mturda-pa, One whose feet are
cut off.

'"V 3U * sa t ar - s fi> Sense, feeling.

satarsd'l, Obvious to sight or

sense.

salaried, A sort of gum.

O^f— sntwrhish, Greatness ; uneasiness
(this doubtful),

saturg, siturg, suturg, Impudent ;
quarrelsome, passionate; large and able-
bodied ; rough, rugged ; — angushti suturg.
The large finger, i.e. the thumb.

<a!Uj*- mturndk, A starling ; a wagtail
(see for which it ia perhaps a mis-

reading).

isfljs-. gatrang, The mandrake ; chess.

tsijjfi*. satruk, An idle, prating fellow,
addicted to thieving; quarrelsome, conten-
tious ; passionate, bad-tempered ; indigent;
idle, useless.

yjyi-. gatarwaii, euturwan (mule-like),
Barren ; a woman who has only borne one
son.

tj~. sutura, sutwrra, A razor ; the hire of
a house.

Q^iy**, sibisiidan, To importune, urge ; to
contend ; to be stubborn, headstrong, tyran-
nical.

< u ,...s.„ gutusta, A whistle uttered by
wrestlei-s on vanquishing an antagonist.

ui)u«. guile, Slenderness of waist; of a
slender waist.

tail (for Ar. J!=~), A vessel with a
handle used in baths ; — satal, Injury, hurt ;
— sital, A pond, reservoir; — sutul, Wheat
(in the ear) scarcely ripe, scorched and
bruised (which is eaten some days before
harvest, in order to taste the first-fruits).

sitam, Tyranny, oppression, injustice,
extortion, distress, injury, violence, ill-
treatment, affliction, threatening, vexation ;
a heavy misfortune ; seen or known ; de-
liberately, designedly, purposely ; — sitam
didan, To experience oppression, to suffei

( 656 )

from violence ; — siiam dashtan Qcardan,
namtidan), To oppress, maltreat.

sitam-abdd, Abode of oppression,

world.

y«-\ mtam-amez, Tyrannical, cruel.

U*S>4Jl siiam-andeeh, An oppressor.

a &U*«. sitta-mi'at, eitta-mi'a. Six hundred.

)3fi f 3 " sitam-parwar, An oppressor ; one
who connives at or patronizes oppression.

si\&. sitam-khana, A house of oppres-
sion ; the world.

pi— sitam-dida, sjj f*~> sitam-zada,
Oppressed.

0^*e-j ff— sitam-rasidagdn, The op-
pressed.

a c&iju ft x- eitam-ehartk, A partaker in
oppression or tyranny.

^Xm. eitam-shikan, Who checks op-
pression, who exercises justice.

a- «-*4jt sitcm-zarif, Who practices

tyranny in a subtle and dexterous way.

« i_s**A f*s~> sitam-zarifi, Cunningly -exer-
cised tyranny.

j\&*x-> sitam-hdr, ijlS" siiam-kdra, A
tyrant, oppressor.

lA^ *>li^»*~ gita/mkdra-kush, Who slays the
oppressor.

<J£ pi*, sitam-kash, Oppression-enduring.

8, < t . » . < t .-^, sitam-kashtda, Oppressed.

(^•-S gitam-kesh, An oppressor.

f*z~ sitam-gdra, sitamgar, Cruel,

Oppressive ; a tyrant,

^g ^ t. f ... gitamgarl. Tyranny, oppression.

yt-^ f*^u. sitam-gustar, An oppressor.

<_y»*- sitami. Tyranny, injury.

utJl» ritam-ydft, Who has met with
violence, oppression, <fcc. ; damaged, en-
feebled.

i eitamidan, To oppress ; to be head-
strong.

portico or verandah supported by a single
column.

sitambar, Name of a herb like mint.
titamha, Strong, robust, powerful,
bold ; the nightmare ; any hideous or terri-
fying form ; contumacious, litigious, un-
willing to listen.

g**-> satanj, sitatij, Provisions stored up ;
— sitanj, A thrashing instrument,
^tafcwu scdwnkhex, Day of resurrection,
f-* siio, Triple ; a three-stringed guitar ;
baBe (money).

\y~ eatwa, A female statue in Bamyan.
sutwdr, eutuwdr, cjV 3 - suttodn, Strong,
firm; faithful, trustworthy, trust, credit,
belief.

Wy~> eatuja, satucha, A variegated

kind of falcon.

^jyi- satitdan, sutuddn, A gravestone ;
a cemetery ; a circular stone building
whereon the fire-worshippers lay the bodies
of the dead.

^jyui Butudagl, Praise, glorification.

<2<Jj*- Bitudan, mtftdan (S. stu), To praise.

8jji_ nittida, Praised, celebrated, blessed,
glorified ; laudable, praiseworthy ; — situda
dashtan Qcardan), To praise, to glorify God ;
— situda shudan, To be praised or glorified.

a «Jja- sitnda-akhldg. Of an excellent
disposition.

a f>& situda-shiyam, uuUo sjyu eitu-
da-sifdt, Of laudable qualities.

a JU ijyu. dtuda-ma'dl, In a happy
state.

mtur, An animal; a quadruped,
cattle, beast of burden ; a horse, mule, or
ass.

a jjx- sutur (pi. of eitr), Veils, cover-
ings.

v>^y^- sutar-db, The falling down o£
water or humours into the feet of horses, a

capellet.

(jUjji. suturbdn, A groom, driver, herds-
man of horses ; a wagtail.

0^>* eutiir-ddn, (place where beasts
are kept) A stall, stable ; (who understands
horses, <jfcc.) master of the horse, equerry,
groom.

<J li )) s -" siturdan, svMrdan, To shave, scrape,
pull out hairs.

<^}}T" suturwdnh, = fcjWjj*- q.v.

Sjij*- sutura, suturi, A razor; a

yellowish bee.
^-jA-. satusar, eatiisa, A sneeze.

a i3)*~ aaiittg, suttuq (for P. yv- q.v.),
False (money), base coin washed over with
silver.

Jji- sutul, Wheat (in the ear) unripe,
parched, and. braised (eaten some days
before harvest).

(•js- sittim, The plant papyrus (in the
dialect of Gilan).

yyt- eutun (S. ethuna), A pillar, column,
prop, or beam ; a column of troops (m.c.) ;
— mi-uni mfina. Mast of a ship ; — autun
shudard sd'id, The arm becomes (stiff like)
a pillar, i.e. helpless (as of one thunder-
struck) ; — eutuni faqtir, The vertebral
column ; — ba-tauri stdun istddan. To be
drawn up in column ; — paya'i sutun, The
pedestal of a column (see also jjW and

a cjy 5 -* eittuna, eittun, Sixty.

4iyx~ sitiina, An assault, attack, onset;
flight; a wave, billow, surge; — sutuna, A
pivot.

if<~. sittih, Name of a magician ; — sntuh,
Pear, dread, veneration ; distress, affliction,
uneasiness, indigence; stupefied, asto-
nished ; sad, melancholy, indigent, help-
less ; weak, tired, feeble-minded ; (construed
with the verbs amadan, biidaii, ahudan, gar-
didam, gashtan, mdndan, in the sense of
being, becoming, or remaining stupefied,
tired, fatigued, worn out, <fec).

yji^lVAyu. mtuhdmdwn (caus. of the fol-
lowing), To cause to loathe, &c.

yu. (

<S J **y- sutiihidan, To loathe, to shun ; to
repent, to Tex ; to render anxious, weak,
helpless; to stupefy (doubtful word).

'kjf- siiuya, A three- stringed guitar (see
J*")-

a fcw sath, satah, The buttocks.

sata, satta, Anything kept all night,
nocturnal ; vinegar ; a gTape ; — sila, weak,
vexed; — sitih. Weak; contention, litiga-
tion ; — sutuh, Sad, melancholy, afflicted.

V~ eatahd, (in Zand and Pilzand), The
world.

tiW^s- sitihanda, Importunate ; conten.
tious.

<_y(r-» sitihi, Contentious, quarrelsome.

B-Vwr- sitihidan, To contend ; to warble ;
to make a noise, to kick up a row ; to
injure.

sati, A spear-head; also the iron
ferule at the end of a spear or staff; — sati,
tatti, Iron, steel.

sail, A modest, bashful woman ; a
woman who burns herself alive with her
dead husband.

a ^ji-. sitti (corrupt, of saiyidati, sidaii),
My lady ; madam ; a lady ; the Virgin
Mary.

satyd, (in Zand and Pazand), The

world.

frjs- sitekh. Anything tall, straight, or
fiat; the sharp peak of a mountain; tall-
ness, straightness.

\J*it> sitekh-gosh, Pointed-eared ; who
or what pricks his ears.

Aj*~- salir, fem. Sj*~» satirat, satlra, One
who hides another's fault; covered, con-
cealed.

titer, A weight of 65 drachms ; a
fortieth part of a man.

sitez, Emulation, strife, contention,
litigation; battle, war, conflict, combat;
rebellion ; levity, temerity, rashness ; anger,
hatred ; obstinacy, stubbornness ; discor-
dance ; obstinate, perverse, stubborn ; — sites
bnrdan (ddshtan, kardan, giriftan), To con-
tend, dispute, fight, squabble; — dhangi
sitez, Preparations for battle ; — • maiddni
sitez, A field of battle.

sifezgar, Obstinate, litigious.
^/■ ii X ! r-' sitewndagi, Contention, strife.
(S-iij^i*. diemnda, Quarrelsome, litigious.
siteza, Broil, dispute, squabble,
strife ; hostility enmity ; tyranny ; violence ;
— sitem kardan, To contend, quarrel.

6j-s_. siiesta-joy, siteza-fcho
(iM), Quarrelsome,
^gy s^ju sitena-ruy, Ugly ; contentious.
} \Z «)_x-, sitesa-kar, siteza-gar, Quarrelsome,
i-pji*. giteta-garl (^jS garl), Strife,
quarrel, hostility.

^j*)**- eitezidan, To contend, compete,
go to law, be obstinate, perverse ; to injure,
oppress; — dar-sitezidan, To contend, &c.
(= the simple verb).

657 )

tfrxm sitezha, A weaver's shuttle ; a sel-
vage.

u 4 **- sitesh, = 6y#s- q.v.
fa*-* 8itejf&, Straight and tall (spear or
column) ; a lofty peak ; the sky ; conten-
tion, dispute.

sitem, Blood mixed with water ; pus
and matter in a sore ; a wound ; a sore
affected by cold, and swollen ; corrupt
blood.

a (2**-. sittina, mitxn (obi. of sit t tin used
as nom.), Sixty,
t^-pr— sitiyuja, = -i-v.

sitih, Contenion, strife,
yi^ou. sitehish, (jSii),*** sitehaadagi, A
squabble, brawl, loud strife.
t^A****-* sitehidagi, Contention, litigation,
ftj^i-ste*- sitehidan, To contend, quarrel,
wrangle, brawl ; to disobey ; to be severe,
unjust, cruel.
j5"> aaj, The cheek ; — $uj t The buttocks.
sajd, Lettering or inscription of a

book.

a j^^-aajdj, Thin, watery milk.
a .Vf-W** sajujld (pi. of sajjadat), Carpets,
rugs, or hassocks for prayer.

a cW- *ajah, Name of a pretended
prophetess contemporary with Musailimah
the impostor ; — sujdk, Air, atmosphere.

a sajahat (v,n. of f-<»~). Being

smooth and equal (the cheek) ; being of a
moderate length and not too plump.

a ol^, sajjdd, One who bows in adora-
tion.

a S»A^ sajjadat, sajjada, A carpet or
mat on which the Muhamioadans pros-
trate themselves when at prayer (construed
with the verbs ufiddan, afgandan, anddkh-
tan, kashidan, &c.) ; the place of adoration,
the mosque or altar ; — sajjadai mihrdbi, A
carpet woven in the shape of a prayer-
niche ; — sajjdda'i nan, A table-cloth.

t£~&j sjlas^ gtijjada-nisMn, Sitting upon
the carpet (applied to the Imam when
saying pr.iyurs) ; — sa/jjdda-nishlni mihrdb,
Tbe Imam in front of the prayer-niche.

a (j-^s-* sijds, Name of a place between
Hamadan and Abahr.

sajdf, A curtain hung before a
door; fringe, edging; — sijdf, A veil, cur-
tain ; border of a garment.

a^I^_ sajdkand, iAiOtp*, sajdkanda.
Armed, accoutred.

a. J I*- sijal (v.n. 3 of ), Contending
with another, emulating, in running or in
drawing water ; (pi. of mjl) water-bucketu.
fX^s- sajdm, Intense cold.
a <v)V- sajjdn, Keeper of a prison,
jailer.

yj^JU^ sajdnldan, sijdnidan, To cool a
thing.

SA^il*— sajiinida, Changed, altered by the
influence of cold, cooled, chilled.

( 658 )

^<^ip~. sajdwand, A place in a district of
Kabul ; according to others, of Khurasan,
or of a mountain in SIstan (see of
which it is the Arabic form).

<_ S " k> } L *~ sajdwandi, Native of Sajawund ;
surname of a grammarian ; a book in which
the pauses are marked by golden dots : —
sajdwandi shudan, To be marked with red
and gold (a book) ; — eajawandi kardan, To
mark a book thus.

j*^- sajdhar, Equal, like, resembling,

a L» «ajdya > (pi. of sajiyai), Dispo-
sitions, natures ; faculty, quality.

fcjXjJV^-. sajd'idan, ~ yJ^i^-. q.v.

A sujhat, sajhat, Nature, tem-

perament; symmetry.

sajad, Intense cold ; name of a river.

a sujjad (pi. of sdjid), Worshippers.

a uaU^- sijdat (pi. of the following),
Prostrations.

a sijdat, sijda (also sajdat), Adora-
tion, an inclination or prostration, the fore-
head touching the ground (construed with
the verbs add kardan, dwardan, burdan,
pdshidan, chaMdan, dddan, kardan, kashi-
dan, &c).

&\S sijda-ydh, Place of adoration, a

church, mosque, temple, altar, and the like.

a sajr (v.n.), Heating a furnace or
oven ; filling with water (a river) ; pouring
water down the throat ; lengthening her
affectionate cry to her colt (a camel) ;—sajar
(v.n.), Having a blood-shot eye.

a »\^~. sujara' (pi. of sajir), Sincere
friends.

a <4)*~ sajzl, sijzi, Native of Sijistan.

a <j~^- sajas (v.n.), Being corrupted,
changed, turbid (water).

yUv.^.. sijistan, A kingdom to the east
of Persia (the ancient Drangiana).

a sajsaj, Temperate (air) ; neither

hot nor cold (day) ; the twilight between
dawn and the rising of the sun ; neither
hard nor soft (land).

a saj' (v.n. of Speaking rhythmi-
cally ; cooing (of a dove) ; crying (of a
she-camel) ; rhymed prose ; rhyme, metre,
cadence, poetry.

£ saj'-go (gu), A rhymer.

a oitf*-. sajf (v.n.), Letting fall a curtain
before a lent-door; being dark (night); a
veil, curtain;— so/a/, Slenderness of waist;
lankness of belly.

mJ^-. sajuk, A Bigh, sob ; hiccough ;
buttermilk mingled with milk.

a Jj*~ sajl (v.n,), Throwing down from
above ; pouring out (water) ; a large bucket
filled with water, a bucket full ; — sijl, sijill,
A register ; the record of a court of judica-
ture j the minute or attestation of a notary;
[sijl (sijill) bar-mdan (kardan), To seal;]
— sijill, A scribe, a notary ; name of one
of Muhammad's secretaries ; name of an
angel.

C3*~

a W^- sajuldt,, 8ijalaji, sijill&t, Jasmine;
the covering or canopy over the camel-litter
in which the Eastern ladies travel ; a fine
painted or figured linen cloth.

a y~tS^~. sijilldtus, A kind of carpet.

a sijilmdea, Name of a city in

Morocco.

a sajm (v.n.), Delaying, procrasti-
nating ; pouring down (tears or rain) ;—
sajam, Water flowing; tears; the leaf of
the willow.

a y^-. eajn (v.n. of Imprisoning ;

keeping back; — gijn, A prison, dungeon;
durance.

t>*~. sajan, Intense cold.

a Jv-**- sajanjal, sijanjal, A mirror;
spectacles ; pure, clear.

a s-^/ J^a%- sajanjal-tard'ib, With mir-
ror-Iike (i.e. smooth and polished) breast-
bones or bosoms.

a sujuw (v.n. of «•-), Overspread-
ing ; being at rest ; prolonging her cry (a
she-camel) ; continuing.

A •if^f sujud (v.n. of ■**-•), Adoring; an
act of adoration, an inclination or prostra-
tion with the forehead touching the ground ;
— gujudi sadml, Prostration in wrestling.

a jytr* sajur, Chips with which an oven
or furnace is heated ; — sujur (v.n. of
Lengthening her affectionate cry to her
colt (she-camel).

a ^t*~" The bog-rush.

a u^-- svjtif (pi. of sajf), Veils, cur-
tains.

a sujiil (pi. of sajl), Large water-
buckets ; (pi. of tijill) registers.

a sajum, An eye shedding tears j—
— sujum (v.n. of f*~>), Flowing (tears).

a ^)t— »ujun (pi. of sijn), Prisons.

a sajiyat, Disposition, temper,

nature, habit, constitution; practice.

a e*q»<« sajlh, Soft and smooth ; a high-
way.

a <W*~ sajihat, Nature, disposition,
habit ; symmetry, proportion, measure.
eajidan, To be very cold.

a j*^-. sajir, A sincere friend.

a sajls, Muddy, troubled, cor-

rupted (water).

<-"W- sajif, A bow-string ; notch in a bow.

a J*^. sajil, A large bucket ;— sijjil (said
to be derived from P. sang " stone " and ji'i
" clay"), Hard stones ; bricks made there-
from and hardened in hell -fire, upon which
are inscribed the names of men, with a
register of their sins, or which, according
to others, bore the names of, and destroyed,
the followers of Abrahah on his expedition
against the Ka'bah.

a tfe*- sajin, Imprisoned, incarcerated ;
— aijjin, Continual, violent ; a place where
the crimes of reprobates are registered by
demons; a valley or dungeon of hell; the
seventh hell.

Con-

with

sichtighna, A hunting bird ; accord-
ing to others, a email kind of sparrow.

"Ass-" sachiik, Oxygal mingled with milk
and anise ; hiccough.

^s^- 8iicM, ~ <ji)- q.v.

i^*** eucM-khdna, = u\£* q.v.

a sahh (v.n.), Pouring out or causing
to flow (tears, waters, or words) ; flowing ;
striking with a whip, whipping ; being very
fat.

a I*- sahd (pi. of eahat). Skins, barks;
tracts ; court-yards ; — siha', A thorny tree
with a white flower of which bees are fond ;
the band of a book.

a vW« sahab, Quicksilver ; (pi. of saha-
bat) clouds ; a cloud ; — sahdbi sa'iqa-dar,
Thunder-clouds.

a gahabat, A (thin) cloud ; — saha-
bat, Water remaining in a pond.

a i_Af sjW~ eahab'Jcaf, J\y vL< eakdb-
nawal, Liberal, generous.

a 51*- sahat, Tract, region, countrj .

A;W» sahhdr, An enchanter, magician,
necromancer, fascinator ; a very early riser.

a t y^-' mhhari, Magical.

a <-»ls*~ sikaf, Dysentery ; — suhaf,
sumption ; ulceration of the lungs.

a jW* sahhdq, A rubber, grinder.

a sahhdqat, Large woman

swagging breasts ; quse confrictu libidinem
alterius explet.

a s-Ak- sahd'ib (pi. of sahabat), Clouds.

a sa 'hb (v.n.), Dragging on the

ground (the train of a, garment) ; eating or
drinking to excess;— euhub (pi. of sahabat),
Clouds.

a qW*~ sahbdn, Water left in a bottle ;
name of a man proverbial for his eloquence,
more fully called sahbani wd'il, after the
tribe to which he belonged.

a jUa^, sahbdm, One whose eloquence
resembles Sahban's, extremely eloquent.

a ls->*~. sakt (v.n.), Eradicating ; scraping
flesh from off a bone ; — eaht, suhut, Unlaw-
ful gain (as from usury, &c).

a gas- sahj (v.n.), Excoriating ; scratch-
ing, tearing (the face in a frenzy of de-
spair) ; a scratch, an excoriation ; a disease
in the bowels; — sakji jild Eash without
fever.

kf±~sahr (v.n.), Deceiving j lungs, lights;
— eikr, Enchanting, bewitching, practising
sorcery; deceiving; magic, enchantment,
sorcery, necromancy; a spell; any subtlety or
trick which amuses ; [silyri bandn, Magic of
the fingers, i.e. elegant penmanship ; — sihri
haldl, Legitimate enchantment, i.e. poetry ;
a poetic licence ; name of a poem composed
in two metres by Ahli Shirazi ; — sihr kar-
dan, To enchant, charm, fascinate ; — sihri
kalam, Magic of oratory, enrapturing elo-
quence ; — 'ilmi sihr, The art of magic, necro-
mancy ;] — eahar, The early morning, the
dawn of day.

( 659 )

a "^jff sahar-an, Early in the morning,

a tH^i sahar-dfirin, The creator of
morning, God ; — sihr-dfirin, A magician.
a>y»Tt/fc~ sihr-amex, Fascinating.
a j^t jus- sihr-bdn. An enchanter, sorcerer.
a ^jjV ;«*•» sihr-bdzi, Magic.
a ^a>~ sihr-bandn, (Magic-fingered) An
elegant penman.

a »^*» auhrat, The morning, the early
dawn ; — saharat, sahara (pi. of sahvr),
Magicians.

a j*~> sahar-lchand, An early laugher.
a ya&- sahar-khez, An early riser.
a s Jj ^^a*- sihr-eada, Bewitched, fasci-
nated.

a j«e~ eiiyr-s&x, An enchanter.
a @\x-y^~ mharistdn, The place of dawn.
a sihr-sanj, Experienced in magic.

a sihrgdr, A magician.

a j^Sjaa- sihrgdri, Magic.
a ao j**- sahar-gah, Morning, dawn ; to-
morrow.

a (jfcVJ' jii.™. sahar-gdhi, Matitutinal ; food
eaten before dawn during the fast of
Raniazau.

a eahar-gakan, Time of morn-

ing.

a sihrmand, Magician.

sahrur, A species of wild bird ; —
sihr-war, A magician.

a tahare., sakre, One morning, on. a

certain morning; — saharl, sahri, Morning,
matutinal ; food eaten a little before dawn
during Ramazan.

a Wi- saht (v.n.), Slaughtering expe-
ditiously, at one blow ; choking one (food) ;
turning a lamb or colt loose with its dam.

a gahf (v.n.), Shaving (the head),

extirpating (hairs) ; taking the flesh from
a bone, or fat from the flesh or skin of the
back ; burning ; driving the clouds away
(wind).

a <3*~. eahq (v.n.), Breaking, tearing,
rubbing, bruising, pulverizing ; wearing
out (clothes) ; effacing traces (wind) ; go-
ing slowly ; au old worn garmeut ; — suhq,
suhuq, Being far, remote ; removing to a
distance ; distance ; being tall (a palm-
tree) ; — suhuq (pi. of sahuq), Tall palm-
trees.

a Ja»~ sahl (v.n.), Counting out and pay-
ing down (a sum of money) ; tiling ; strik-
ing so as to raise blisters ; sweeping,
brushing the ground (as wind) ; plaiting
a rope ; a species of white cotton cloth ;
ready money ; — suhul (pi. of sahl), White
cotton clothes.

a saham, Blackness; iron; name of
a tree ; — suhum, Blacksmiths' hammers.
a &«>ar- suhmat, suhma, Blackness.
a sahn (v.n.), Breaking (a stone) ;

a numerous assembly; — sihn, Protection,
guardianship.
a »U«». eahna', eahnat, eakanat, Ex-

( 660 )

ternal form ; a smooth softness of the skin ;
colour.

a sahw (v.n.), Pulling off, unbarking,
excoriating; shaving, scraping; covering
or binding a book with the membrane of
the papyrus or similar substances.

Ajjas-. sahur, The meal which the Mu-
bammadans make a little before dawn
during the month of Rainazan to enable
them to fast till night ; — suhur (pi. of sahr),
Lights of beasts.

A gahuf, (A camel) fat about the

back j a goat or a she-camel whose fat has
been taken off the back.

A ijj*- sahiiq, A tall palm-tree.

a Jja*- sahul, sukilc, Name of a town in
Taman where a superior kind of cloth is
made ; — suhul (v.n. of J*-), Shedding
tears ; (pi. of sakt) white cotton garments.

a yib- eahy (v.n.), =_j»- q.v.

a t3*»-» sakiq, Very remote ; (met.) diffi-
cult to understand, obscure.

st yJ^s*-. sahilig, A sort of fragrant
plant.

£~ sakh, Dirt, filth, impurity ; — mkh,
Good, happy, auspicious ; happiness ; good-
ness.

a eakjikh (v.n.), Thrusting the tail
into the ground (a locust when laying
eggs).

i sakha' (v.n. of (jae~) , Being liberal,
munificent; name of a town in Egypt; —
sakha' (v.n. of Being liberal, munifi-

cent; liberality, generosity.

a fcU-, sakhdkli, Soft earth clear of sand ;
name of a place in Transoxiana.

A foU*. sakhdfat (v.n. of , - A 5i-), Being
thin and slender ■, being weak of mind, a
■weak intellect.

aj*~3 sakhd-gustar, Diffusing libe-
rality (a king by his example) ; liberal.

JW- tikJial, Enmity, hatred ; contrariety,
stubbornness, obstinacy ; violence, tyranny ;
opiniated, self-willed.

A JU*~ mkhkhdl, Weak and base (men).

a sakhdnat, Beiug warm, heated;

heat, warmth.

a Syat- sakhdwat (v.n. of ^jst-.), Being
libera), munificent; leaving, letting alone,
having nothing to do with ; liberality,
generosity, munificence.

a y~S Vai- sakhd-gustar, j } Vat- sakhd-icar,
Liberal, generous.

a jjj VaC- sakhd-warz, Exercising liberality,
liberal.

«>-st~ sakM, Hard, strong, firm, secure,
solid, vehement, intense, violent (in these
meanings received into Arabic) ; austere,
harsh, severe, stern; cruel, painful, ardu-
ous, difficult ; stubborn, obstinate ; tight ;
adhesive ; stingy, sordid ; base ; afflicted,
disturbed, wretched, unfortunate; abundant,
copious; thick, coarse; intensely, extremely,
very much, sorely, exceedingly, vehemently,

arduously ; [sakht dmadan, To grudge j re-
fuse ; be unwilling ; to be oppressed ; — sakM
bar-dwardan, To put forth strength or vio-
lence; — sakht bar-gaehtan,To return quickly;
— sakht bastan, To bind tightly ; — sakh)
khwurdan, To suffer from head-ache; to
undergo trouble ;— sakht kardan, To har-
den ; — sakht giriftan, To seize or hold
firmly ; to oppress ; — sa&ht guftan, To speak
harshly ; to revile ; — sakht u narm namu-
dan, To appear hard and soft, vary,
threaten and soothe by turns, tamper with;
— iqddmi sakht, A strong order, violent
measure;] — sakfft, sakht (pret. and apoco-
pated inf. of t>^5t-i), He weighed (active
and neuter) ; to weigh ; a balance (this
doubtful) ; — sukht (by poetical licence for
sokM> apocopated inf. of sokMan), To burn.

a ufc^afc- sakht, Strong, vehement.

(jj^ysfcx-^ ka-ssfc- sakht-ustukliwdri, Strong of
bone, raw-boned ; (met.) of a powerful and
enduring race.

sakht-anddz, An archer.

ittUs-. sakhtdna, Harsh, unkind lan-
guage.

jijl ui~as~i sakht-dwez, Past suspended with
strong claws (an eagle).

j^j ui~sfc~ sakht-bdz, Always winning in a
game.

jjjU ut-4fe~> sakht-bdzu, Strong in the arm,
powerful, able to protect.

a-aw sakht-bdf, Of coarse texture.

<iS>V} ctsa^M. sakht-bdng. Loud-voiced.

jLaj uj-sjs,- sakht-bunydd, Of solid struc-
ture.

^ ks-si-. sakM-pdy, Firm of foot ; steady ;
constant.

o-io o-at-» sakht-pusht, Of a hard sur-
face.

sakht-panja, Close-fisted, avari-

cious.
dare-devil
human.

sakht-peshdni, Fearless ; a
sakht-jdn, Hard-hearted, in-

sakht- chashm, Impudent.
sakht-josh, In violent heat,
ebullition, effervescence.

jfj)^. u^.=s~ sakht-khwurdagi, Voracity.

us-Ji-- sakht-dil, Hard-hearted.
^ c^i- sakht-ruy. Of an austere, indig-
nant countenance.

u^st- sakM-™'h Austerity; disdain ;
indignation.

01}} uMt-. sakht-zabdn, Scurrilous.
^5>i>j ts^afc-. sakht-zabdni, Railing.
ja j c^ss- sakht-zor, Of great strength, very
powerful.

jU. ut*aS-» saiM-sdq, Steady, constant.

■V*- u^S-, sakht-safed, Very white.

isU- ka-ai_ sakht-siydh, Intensely black.

ij£ sakht-kash, Who can pull a

heavy load ; who is able to draw a strong
bow; enduring hardships,

( 661 )

i*-*-. aakht-kamdn, An archer -who
draws easily a strong bow ; hard, harsh,

is-safc- sakht-kamdni, Hardness,
harshness.

ju£ ct-at- sakhl-kosh, Making strong
efforts, strenuous in endeavour ; hard-work-
ing ; violent.

ut-Aj? itf-ai*. sakht-goeht, Brawny.

^j&afc- sakhtagi, Hardness.

j^fuMfr- sakM-glr, Holding fast (hound) ;
grasping, avaricious.

^^sJ - «t-at- eak.ht-giri, Taking a thing
seriously ; strictness ; rigorous observation
(mm.cc.) ; graspingness, avarice, extortion,
taking by force.

ut~sfc~. sakht-ligam, Hard-mouthed.

yu ts-^- sakM-wiaghz, Of tough brains
or marrow ; obstinate, headstrong.

J,* w^at~ sakht-rwir, Who dies game.

yiafc- sakhtan, sukhtan. To weigh ; to
draw ; to be twisted ; to turn or render
hard ; to winter.

awMiiJ^ifcitestines of a bird ; sheep's
tripe stuffed witi* minced meat and rice ;
penis.

gakhta, sukhta, Weighed ; arranged;

money.

yUS toe- saiita-kaman, = yW£
q.v.

^jSai— sakhti, Hardness, harshness, aspe-
rity ; obduracy ; severity ; intensity of
application ; stinginess ; adversity, indi-
gence, distress, evil, calamity ; — sukhti, =
y&~ q.v.

ylifSsi-. sakhiiydn, sikhtiydn, Gt aats' leather,
morocco ; — sikhtiydn, Name of a city.

i i^W^t-- sakhtiyiinchi, A maker of mo-
rocco leather.

(jj^afc- sakhtidan, mkhiidan, To weigh.

yi£ sakkU-kash, Who endures hard-
ships, &c, bravely.

iXa&Z ^a*- sakhti-kashida, Distressed.

jjt— sikhaj, sikhaeh, Asthma.

a i*ai-. sakhd. Warm, hot, sultry ; — sukhd,
A yellow liquid which accompanies the
bird, liquor amnii.

ii» sakhr, sakh.ar, sukhur, Ridiculing.

a SjJt- sukhrat (v.n. of jat-), Ridiculing,
laughing at ; a ridiculous fellow, a butt
for satire, a laughing-stock ; a toy ; — su-
kh_arat, eukhdra, A mocker, sneerer, laugher.

a mkhra. Whatever is done gratia,
either from courtesy or compulsion ; a ship,
or cattle, pressed into the king's service
without freight or hire ; — sukhra giriftan,
To take by force, to press.

A ijjae— sukhriyat, Derision.

yiafc- sakAsh, Old; lightning; a stumble.

A la*- eukht. sukhut, sakhat (v.n.), Wax-
ing hot, being angry ; indignation ; dis-
like, displeasure ; divine displeasure and
its effect (as transformation into a stone,
&c.).

a sakjif, Indigence, straitened cir-

cumstances; — sakjif, sukhf, Imbecility, de-
ficiency of judgment.

a <*Aai~ sakhfat. Leanness produced by
hunger \—sakhfat, sukjhfat, Imbecility, men-
tal weakness.

sakhldt, The jesamine.

a iisfc-. sakhlat. A lamb or kid just
dropped, or till it has passed the fourth
month.

a sakham. Blackness.

a sakhn, Heat, fever; — sukhn, Warm,
hot (day or water).

v^at- sukhun, sukhan, sakhan, sakfaun (the
first pronunciation is the correct one, al-
though the word is allowed to rhyme with
man, tan, &c), A word, vocable, speech,
saying, discourse ; will, pleasure ; a thing,
business, affair; somewhat; — sukhuni ab-
bar-ddr, An equivocal speech ; — sukhun az
parda (niqdb) guyad. He talks in metaphors,
he speaks allegorically ; — sukhun an dahani
kase giriftan, To take the words out of
another's mouth ; — sukhun az ru'i sukhun
tardshidan, To spiu out a speech, one word
giving another ; — sukhun az sukhun birun
miydyad (mi-zdyad), One word or topic
suggests another; — sukhun afshdndan
(anddkhtan), To speak, to talk ; — sukhuni
afwdhi, A false rumour, an unwarrantable
speech ; — sukhun bar pahlu nuguyad. He
speaks sharply and sarcastically ; — sukhun
bar khdk (tsamln) afgandan, sukhun bar
zamm mdan, To scorn a speech ; — sukhun
bar sukhun guzdsJitan, To annul one word
or promise by another ; — sukhuni bikr, An
original saying; a maiden speech ;— sukhun
baland shawad, The speech lengthens, is
drawn out ; — sukhun ba-ham bar-zanad, He
makes a muddle of his speech ; — sukhuni
post-kanda, A self-evident speech, a trite
saying, a truism ; — sukhuni pahluddr, A
(malicious) innuendo; — sukhun pesh burdan,
To deliver a fine speech ; — sukhun paimu-
dan,To speak, to talk; — sukhuni talkh (jaur),
Harsh, unkind words ; — sukhuni chdwida
{chun zamharir), A frigid, insipid, silly
speech ; — sukhun ddshtan, To converse with,
to have influence with ; — sukhun dirdz kardan
{kashldan), To talk much, to be prolix; —
sukhun dar dftab ast, He speaks in a sub-
lime strain ; — sukhun dar zabdn nishadan,
To make one talk; to prompt a speech; —
sukhuni dil-faroz (dil-farosh) , Kind words ;
salutary advice ; — sukhuni dihlizt, A false
rumour ; back-stair intelligence ; — sukhun
randan (zadan), To speak, to talk ; — sukhun
raft, Mention has been made of; — sukhuni
zamdna. Calumny (as being the talk of the
world) ; — sukhuni zamharir, Cold, insipid,
unimpressive language; — sukhuni zinda,
Elegant speech, brilliant talk ; — sukhuni
sabz, Pleasant speech or talk ; — sukhuni
sang, Heavy speech ; — sukhun shunidan panj
daulat-ast, To listen to good advice is worth

( 662 ) Jw»

five fortunes (proverbial saying) ; — aukhuni
shlrin, Sweet words ; — sukhuni 'allqi, San-
guinary speech ; — mkhuni ghflibi, Foretell-
ing, predicting ; second sight ; — sukhun kar-
dan (guftan), To speak ; — mkhun guzasht,
It has been mentioned before ; — mkhun
gustardan (roshan kardan), To explain, to
expatiate; — mkhun ma-fazd, Lengthen not
your discourse, have done talking; — su-
khuni majlisi, Social talk, conversation of
an assembly-room ; — sukhuni mihr (muhr f )
ba-ru, An expected or hoped for speech;
— BukJtuni miydn-tihi (bi-magAz), Empty,
unmeaning words ; — ■ mkhuni nafarjdm,
Trifling, impertinent words ; — sukhun nlst,
That is no argument, that won't wash ; —
arhdbi sukjiun, Lords of speech, orators,
poets ; — ba-sukhun raeidan, To undertand
what is said, to be intelligent; — dar su-
kjiun dmadan, To begin a speech or con-
versation.

Vf sukhun-drd, Adorning discourse;
eloquent; silence.

ls^A tjafc- sukhun-drd'i. Eloquence.

ytjtf t^ai- mkhun-afirln, Eloquent; a,
liar.

«^ sukhun- dwar, Eloquent.

y*-. sukhun-parddx, Fluent orator.

Mi t^* - sukhun-parwar, A poet, author.

)M L***""' sukhun-paird, = ^ji- q.v.

W| t?*- sukhun-paimd, Measuring out
wordB (an orator).

•^ys* (^*~ sukhun-paiwand, A poet.

a &iat-> sakhnai. Heat ; — eakhnatu 'l-'ain,
Grief (opp. to qurratu 'l-'ain, q.v. under

(j>i~> sukhun-iah, Glib of tongue,
talkative.

t$4$ (^ai- sukhun-ehln, An informer, tale-
hearer, calumniator.

us**? y«s~i sukhun - chini, Detraction,
slander.

»y*- ^jai- »ttkhun-khymra,t^^i$^sukhun-
khwdra.. Severe of Bpeech ; impudent.

y^AAit-. sukhun-ddn, Eloquent ; a poet ;
who knows the value of words.

(j)^- eukhun-ddni, Eloquence ; phi-
lology.

<s>\> u*~> sukhun-ran. Lengthening a dis-
course, prolix ; an orator, rhetorician.

L5 !\yjst« > mkhun-rdni. Eloquence, elocu-
tion, rhetoric ; random, rambling talk.

sukhun-ras, Quick of apprehen-
sion ; intelligent, sharp-witted.
yVy (J*** sukhun-rawdn, Eloquent.

(jjjt- sukhuti-mn, A poet ; a liar ; in-
telligent.

jL, (jafe- sukhun-sdz. Who makes words
to suit his purpose ; a deceiver, a cheat,
knave.

^jL. t; jat~. sukhun-sdzl, Defamation.

\ j ■ 'a t. ■ sukhun-sard. A modulator or ar-
ranger of words ; an orator, excellent
writer.

gJ— t^afc- sukhun-sanj, Weigher of words ;
prudent ; a poet.

,jt\iAi^~> sukhun-shinds, Eloqueut.

a tjas- sukhun-tirdts, — \j\ tJ*-> q.v,

a sukhun-tirdzi, Eloquence,

(j*- sukhun-shinav, Listening to a
speech, attentive, docile.

i^jl yji- sukhun-farosh, A flatterer; a
poet.

a jujtjsi-* sukhun-fahm, Intelligent, quick,

a (j*^ yafc- sukhun-fahml. Intelligence.

u 4 ^ (^=fc- sukhun-kash, Listening or at-
tending to a speech.

tteyS yafc-i sukhun kotdh, Summarily.

^•iSUat*. sukhun-guzdr, A ready speaker, a
persuasive orator; eager for speech, in-
clined to talk ; a porter (at a gate).

jZ~S ijfls— sukhun-gustar, Explanatory ;
eloquent.

jS (^a&-> sukhun-go (-gu), Eloquent.

(jjatv, sukhun-go'i (-gu'i), Rhetoric.

jiti \i y^-i sukhun-nd-shinav, Inattentive,

^yA b (jjji^ sukkun-nd shinavi, Heedless-
ness, inattention,

jyja— sukhunwar, Eloquent.

^y^b* sukhunwari. Eloquence, rhetoric ;
— sukhunwari narnudan, To hold forth,
speechify.

&iit-i sukhna, Name of a town in Syria
inhabited by Arabs, and called from a
thermal spring belonging to it.

sakhw (v.n.), Being liberal j light-
ing a fire under a cauldron.

joJ_)is~. sukhuJand, An official taster to a
prince (see pf ^y-. 1 **),

sukhun, sakhun, A word, a speech.

a oj*^" safchfm, A warm soup.

a sukhunat. Being hot ; health,

warmth.

a sakhl, Liberal, generous.
sakhir, Name of a bitter drug.

a Utj^- sakhl f, Weak in understanding,
light, flighty, hasty ; thin, flimsy (a tex-
ture).

<i*-jfr~» sakhimat, Hatred, ill-will, malevo-
lence.

a sakhin, Painful (blow) ; hot

(water).

^jieai-i sakhlnus (G. o-xoivos), A fragrant
bullrush ; mastix.

a- sad, A hundred; — fi-sad, Per cent.

A sadd (v.u.), Stopping up, closing
filling (a hole or chink), blocking (the
way), shutting (a gate) ; impeding, obstruct-
ing ; strengthening, repairing refitting;
any bodily defect (as blindness, deafness,
&c.) ; an obstruction, wall, rampart (arti-
ficial) ; [saddu 'l-bahr, Name of a fort in
Constantinople ; — saddi bdb kardan, To lock
or bolt a door ; — saddi khatai, The Chinese
wall ; — saddi rah, An obstruction of the
road ; — saddi ramaq, A bare subsistence ;
the last remains of life ; the agonies of
death ; — saddi sikandar, Alexander's ram-

part ; — saddi yajuj % mayiij, The wall of Gog
and Magog ;] — sudd, An obstruction, bar,
rampart (natural); a cloud; a mountain
separating two places or objects.

W soda (probably for Ar. \o-, not vice
versa, as the Burhdni qati' says in the
text), Echo.

A saddb (or &}\*~), The herb rue.

^•s— Budab, Rue ; power, strength.

A Badddj, A liar.

o <<».\i-. sadaja, Simple-mindedness, sim-
plicity.

a j\a- aa<£<wi (v.n. of a~), Being right
and well directed ; hitting the mark ; rec-
titude, straightforwardness in word and
action; the way of truth or of salvation;
[daru 'g-saddd, A name of Baghdad ;] —
eadad, eidad, A cork, stopper ; whatever ob-
structs or fills up ; a stop-gap ; barriers,
hurdles (m.c.) ; sufficient for the necessi-
ties of life ; — suddd. An obstruction in the
nose, coryza.

a 6S\ x» siddfa, A veil, a curtain.

A siddnat, saddnat (v.n. of y*-),
Serving the Kaaba or an idol-temple ; act-
ing as doorkeeper, porter, or warder.

4»i\.i_ mddniya, A village in Balkh.

gaddkra, A bird found only in

Lahore.

a Jfl^-. sadd'il (pi. of sadll), Curtains.
■»-» sad-pdya, A centipede.

a Sju- saddat, tadda, Obstruction, ob-
stacle; — suddat, sudda, A porch, vestibule,
doorway ; an obstruction in the nose,
coryza ; — sudda'i sa'ddat, The court of
felicity (an epithet by which some Eastern
princes distinguish their residences).

A (▼•!!.), Suspecting.

a c*- eadh (v.n.), Throwing down flat on
the face, prostrating ; spreading on the
floor j killing, slaughtering, catting the
throat.

a k>j~> sadad, Eectitude ; — sudad (pi. of
suddat), Doors ; porches, vestibules ; ob-
structions in the nose ; — sudud, Byes which
Bee not (from weakness or blindness).

a jJu. eadr (v.n.), Setting (the hair)
a-flowing (a woman) ; — sidr, The lote-tree ;
tadar (v.n,), Being stupefied ; having the
eyes dazzled by heat or cold ; — sadir, Stu-
pefied ; dazzled.

jJl. gadar (for A. sidr), The lote-tree ; a
Bort of plum.

a *jA~ sidrai, sidra, A lote-tree j [sidratu
'l-muntaha, sidra'i tuba, A lote-tree in Para-
dise ; the heavenly mansion of the angel
Gabriel ; — ta'iri eidra, The bird of the
heavenly lote-tree, i.e. Gabriel ;] — sudra, A
vest.

i*vA» ci^ju. gidrat-qdmat, a* sidra-
qad, Tall of stature.

yUjAS gidra-nishindn, Angels.

a u*y. gads (v.n.), Demanding or takiug
a sixth part ; making up the number six ;

— sids, The watering of a camel on the sixth
day ;- — mids, sudus, The sixth part ; — eadae,
The tooth of an eight-year-old camel.

A sad' (v.n.), Striking one against
another ; being oppressed by misfortune.

a mdaf, Darkness ; night ; the

dawn ; twilight.

t jju. (?), A quiver ; a particular kind
of quiver in which each arrow has its own
compartment.

a isIav. sadlc, sadak (v,n.), Being assidu-
ous, adhering to ; — sadih, Wishful, desirous,
addicted to, greedy ; ready-handed, expedi-
tious ; skilful in stabbing with the lance.

fliAw sad/cdm, Asking from necessity.

t_r-^»*— sadhas, < j **jSx* sadices, yi-^A- gad-
kesh, The rainbow.

a s^Ju. gad-gdh, A court, hall of audience.

a J a- sadl (v.n.), Loosening and letting
down a garment, a veil, or the hair; — sidl,
A string of pearls hanging down the
bosom; — sidl, audi, A veil, a covering.

a *»a«. sadm (v.n.), Shutting, closing (a
door) ; — sadam (v.n.), Being penitent, con-
trite ; grief, repentance ; sullennesa ; a
greedy desire ; libidinous (stallion) ; —
sadim, Violently in love; — sudum, Water
collected in a concealed well.

a yJ*. gadn (v.n.), Serving in the Ka'abah
or in an idol temple ;~sudan, A curtain.

a & a- sadanat (pi. of sadin), Keepers
of the temple of Mecca j also of idol-
temples.

a sadw (v.n.), Stretching out the
hand for a thing ; taking wide steps (a
camel).

yrtjju. gadiis, Indigo.

a sadus, Name of the father of a

tribe who possessed two hundred and one
spears; — sadus, sudus, A kind of green
hood, mantle, cape, or coif, called tailasdn ;
name of a man of the tribe of Taiy.

a f}*-. sadum, A libidinous stallion.

he pjj— sadum., Sodom ; name of a judge
of Sodom who sanctioned sodomy ; an
unjust judge or ruler.

^a- gudum, Name of the capital of
Bahrain Gur.

gada, A flaming fire; a festival-night,
on which the Persians light a number of
large fires, in commemoration of the fol-
lowing popular tradition : In. the time of
Hoshang (about 860 years before the
Christian era) a monstrous dragon infest-
ing the country, the king himself attacked
him with stones, when one of them, falling
with prodigious force upon another, struck
fire, set the herbage and surrounding trees
in a blaze, and consumed the dragon in the
flames ; a sort of a tree with a thick, smooth
stem and deuse foliage, called in Arabic

a sadda, sudda, Obstruction (see A.

( 663 )

<_5^ (

'*«•) 5 — sudda'i 'unuqi rahim, Obstruction
of the neck of the womb ; — sudda'i kabid,
Chronic inflammation of the liver.

a gady (v.n.), Stretching out the

hand; — sadd, sudd, Camels turned loose
to pasture without a keeper; — sadi, Wet
with dew, dewy ; an unripe date ; — euddi,
surname, of Isma'i], a learned man who
sold coifs in the vestibule (suddat) of the
mosque of Kiifa.

A «V*- sadid, Eight, well-directed, salu-
tary ; — zihni sadid, A clear judgment, nice
discrimination.

a ji<*~. sadir (from P. f.j <t~ q.v.), Name of
an edifice built by Numan bin Munzir for
Bahrain Gur; name of a river near HIrah ;
name of a district in Yaman renowned for
producing striped cloaks ; also of a place
in Egypt; — sudmr, Name of a plain be-
tween Basrah and f£uf ah ; also of a river
in Hijaz.

A i^~»Jw- sadls, The sixth part ; six years
old (camel or goat) ; cloth six yards long.

a «-i>A-. sadif, The fat of a camel's
bunch.

a Jja*. sadAl, The awning or canopy over
a camel's titter ; a veil stretched across a
tent or in front of a female apartment.

^f.A-> tidigar (for sih dtgar, q.v. under
The third ; in the third place.

a sadin, Fat, grease.

a sazdb, Kue.

a ijiU** sazdbi, A seller of rue.

a ^X, sazaq (from P. SJ^»), A festival-
night whereon many fires are lighted.

j~> swr (Z. .iara). Head, top, summit,
point, pinnacle; the capital of a pillar; a
cover, a lid ; a salient angle ; any projecting
part; beginning, origin, principle; end,
extremity ; side, part ; (hence adverbially
with and without the prepositions az, bar,
ba) by, before, in the presence ; on account
of, because of, through ; the most select or
choicest part of anything ; a general, com-
mander of an army ; great, large ; thought,
idea, fancy ; power, strength, force ; highest,
greatest, chief ; complete, perfect, entire ;
a veil, awning, canopy, covering; a collar,
also a log of wood fastened to a mastiff's
neck ; a term applied in enumerating horses;
desire, wish, intention, will ; love, affec-
tion; cheerfulness; froth, foam, scum; a
mystery; atmosphere, gentle gale; a tract
of country , a Turkoman shoe or sandal ;
foolish ; [sari abru kham kardan, To loathe
a thing, to frown at ; — sari ijlds, In the
court (of) ; in the presence (of) ; — sari
ddami, A human being ; — sar az db, A
bubble of water ; — sar ass dbi bigdna shustan,
To wash one's head with a stranger's
water, i.e. to find goods which have no
owner; — sar az bdlin tahi Jcardan, To put
every thought of rest aside, to work in-
cessantly ; — sar az j>d na-ehindkfdan, Not to

664 )

know one's hoad from one's feet, to be
utterly confused ; — sar az bastu'i tahi charb
kardan, To anoint the head from an empty
bottle, i.e. to deceive ; — sar az jaibi chize
bar-dwardan (bar-kardan), sar ax chize birun
dwardan (kardan), To accomplish a thing,
to acquit oneself of a duty ; — sar az khak
bar-zadan (zadan), To spring from the
ground, to sprout, to grow ; to happen ; —
sar az kjfiat bar-ddshtan (giriftan), To dis-
obey, to resist, to he obstinate ; — sar az
khwdb bar-kardan (tahi shudan), To awaken
from sleep ; — sar m kkwdb jahdndan, To
awake, to rouse from sleep ; — sar az khwdb
dar-dmadan, To wake up ; — sar az khwesh
bar-dwardan, To come to, to regain con-
sciousness ; — sar as rishta'i chize bar-na-
ydwardan (birun na-burdan), Not to under-
stand the real state or truth of a thing ; —
sar az z&nu bar-giriftan, To give over watch-
ing ; — sar az siri khdk zadan, To sprout,
&c. (see sar az khdk bar-zadan) ■ — sar ai
shisha'i iihi charb kardan, To anoint the
head from an empty phial, i.e. to deceive ; —
sar az qadam sakhtan, To be happy, to re-
joice ; — sar az kdr birun burdan, To finish,
to complete a work; — sar az nasluV sahuk
kardan, To get intoxicated, inebriated ; — sar
az yak astin (jaib) bar-dwardan, To challenge
to a contest ; — sari dshnd'i, Intimacy ; — sari
atibbd, Doctor-in-waiting; head doctor; —
sari dftdb, Sunrise ; — sar uftddan, To exceed
bounds ; to multiply, to increase ; — sar
afshdndan, To scatter (as money by way
of largess) ; — sar afkandan, To hang the
head, to blush ; — sar dmadan, To wax
strong and powerful; to come to a conclu-
sion ; to accomplish ; — sar anddkjitan bar,
To surrender, to obey, to submit to ; — sar
andar zadan, To conceal oneself from fear;
to be in a thoughtful mood ; to he bewil-
dered ; — sar andar kashidan, To depart
from a place ; — sari angusht, Tip of the
finger; — sar dwardan, To be finished; — sar
ba-abr sudan, To reach the summit, the
highest degree or dignity ; — sar-bdkhtan, To
sport with one's life, to be venturesome or
foolhardy ; — sar bdz zadan az, To refuse,
deny, oppose ; — sar bdz mdnad, The head
remains uncovered ; — sari ba-afsar (ba-
a/ear), A crowned head; — sar bald (bar
bald) kardan, To lift up one's head ; — sari
bdlin, A head-pillow ; — sar ba-bdl duzdidan,
To refuse, to disobey, to oppose; — sar ba-
tegh khdridan, To decapitate ; — sar bar
dwardan, To appear, to rise (as the dawn,
Ac.) ; to turn away with ingratitude ; to
secede from a friend or benefactor, to rebel;
— sar ba-khwab dar-dmadan. To fall asleep ;
— sar ba-ddr bar-zadan, To hang, to sus-
pend by the neck ; — sar bar abr burdtrn,
To raise the head above the clouds, i.e. to
be exalted ; — sar ba-rdh kardan, To accom-
plish ; — sar bar-tdftan, To disobey, to rebel;

( 665 )

—sar bar suraiya rawad, The head passes
beyond the Pleiads, i.e. a person attains
to the highest dignity, &c. ; — sar bar
khat ddshtan (nihadan), To obey; — sar
bar khuld burdan, To become eternal ; to
attain the object of one's desires ; — sar bar-
ddshtan. To behead ; — sar bar dar zadan, To
knock the head against the door (for the
people to open) ; — ear burdan, = ba-sar
burdan, q.v. below ; — sar bar dunyd zadan,
To travel ; — ear bar zanu (ba-zanu) nishastan,
To crouch ; to watch ; to sit in a melancholy
mood; — sar bar-zadan, To shoot up (as
herbage) ; to appear, become manifest,
happen, occur ; — sar bar sari chize nihadan,
To take the greatest pains in a matter ; — sar
bar sari lease ddshtan (nihadan), To quarrel,
to be at enmity with ; — sar bar sindn kardan,
To kill, to slay ; — sar bar sang zadan, To
Undertake a useless task, to lose one's
labour; — sar bar-kardan, To lift up the
head ; to be refractory, rebel ; — sar bar
hamar zadan, To be mad ; — sar bar-giriftan,
To awake ; to travel ; — sar bar gar ml zanad,
He has turned mad ; — sar bar-nihddan, To
he silent; — sar buridan, To behead; — sar
ba-ziri baghal darad, He secretly intends
some fraud or malice ; — sar bastan, To form
a, skin or pellicle on the surface, to froth
(milk or broth) ; — sar ba-sina kardan, To
hang the head on the bosom (in a contem-
plative attitude) ; — sar ba-koh u biydbdn
dadan, To send to the wilderness ; — -ear 6a-
giribdn burdan, To be thoughtful ; — sar ba-
garlban dnzdidan, To rebel; — sar ba-gosh
guzdsktan, To whisper; — sar haland kardan,
To lift up the head ; — sar blrfin dwardan
(kardan) az, To withdraw the head from ; —
sar blrun zadan, To turn away from, to dis-
obey an order; — sari pa zadan, To trip,
stumble ; to kick ; — sar pa shudan, To re-
cover from an illness ; — sari pistdn. The
nipple ; — sari pistdn siydh kardan, To anoint
the nipple with a black drug in order to
wean the child ; — sar pas kasMdan, To
recede ; — sar pech zadan, To sleep with one
eye ; — sar pechidan, To rebel, be disobedient;
— sar pai zadan, To trip, stumble ; to kick ;
— sar pesh kardan, To meditate, think-
deeply ; to be covered with blushes ; — sar
t& pd, Head to foot, cap-a-pie 1 ; — sar id
ear, Prom one end to the other, from top to
bottom ; — sar tdftan, To turn away the head ;
to be refractory, to rebel ; — sar-at sabz bad,
May you live for ever ! — sar-at gardam, (May)
I turn around your head ! (formula of re-
spect and devotion, see dauri sar-at gardam
below) ; — sari tanhd, Alone, by one's self ; —
tari tawagqn' khdridan, To hope for an piously,
to be in suspense and expectation ; — sari
tir, An arrow's throw, the distance of a
bow-shot; (met.) a learned, distinguished
man; one who administers justice; — sari
ttgk, Point of a sword (also sar-tegh) ; a

mountain's peak ; splendour, light, bright-
ness ; — sarijughrdt, Cream (also sar-jujfhrdt);
— $ar ju/t kardan, To whisper ; — sar jurnba-
nidan, To nod assent, to approve, to accept ;
—sari chirdgli afgandan. To remove all the
candles ; — sari chashma, A fountain-head
(also sar-chashma) ; — sar chidan, To behead ;
— sari chize dasktan, To direct one's atten-
tion to ; to wish for ; to agree with ; — sari
harf bdz kardan (bar- dwardan, ted kardan),
To begin to speak; — sari kisdb shudan, To
take good care of, be collected ; — sari khdr-
hd'i jahdn tez kardan, Tovsharpen the thorns
of the world, (met.) to\:arry out great
things at will ; — sar kA&rldan, To scratch
the head ; to be desperate, lose hope ; to
blush ; to seek excuses, procrastinate ; to
be unable to reply or to resist ; to observe,
guard, preserve ; to be willing ; to desire j
to calm, soothe, cajole, flatter; to befriend ;
to cheat, defraud ; — sari khijalat dar pesh
burdan. To be ashamed, to blush; — sari
khar, An ass's head on a pole, used as a
scarecrow ; (met.) a shameless fellow ; one
who intrudes himself into a place where he
has no business ; a blundering intenneddler ;
— sari khar paidd shud, A foolish thing hag
happened ;—sari khar dar kuni (batarja'i,
kusi) fvldn, A plague upon such an one !
(coarse abuse) ; — sar kharldan, To ransom,
redeem ; — sari khum, The lid of a wine«
jar (also sar-khum) ; — sari kjkwud khwurdan.
To undertake anything dangerous ; to perish ;
— sari khwud (khwesh) bar kaf nihadan, To
risk one's head; — sgri khwud (khwesh. khwesh-
Ian) giriftan, To loUow one's own wa/ ; to de-
part ; — sar dadan, To release, dismiss, send
away; to die ; to discharge firearms; to be
bold ; to break wind; (in conjunction with
various nouns) to net, to proffer, to move; — •
sar ddshtan ba, To return, to give hack ; — sar
ddshiani iardzil, The scale sicks ;— sar dar-
dwardan, To accept ; to submit ; — sar dar-
bdkhtan, To risk wantonly one's life ; — sar
dar pay namudan, To be helpless, discon-
solate ; — sar dar pesh anddkhtan, To bend
one's head ; — sar dar pesh nihadan (dar
payi kase ddshtan), To follow another; — sar
dar tahi par giriftan, To hide the bead
under the wing;— sar dar jahdn ('dlam)
giriftan (nihadan), To wander, to roam
about ; — sar dard kardan. To revile, to
abuse, to scold ; — sar dar rikdb kardan, To
travel on foot along with a horseman sar
dar sari chize kardan (guzashtan), To die in
the pursuit of a, thing; — sar dar shikam
nihadan, To hide, to conceal oneself ; to
blush ; — sar dar sahrd dadan, To send to
the wilderness ; — sar dar qadami kase nihdr-
dan, To place the head at another's feet
sar dar kuldhi kase nihadan, To obey, to
submit to ; — sar dar kiini kase guzashtan ,To
agitate, to render restless ; — sa.r dar giribdn
burdan (zadan, kardan), To have finished,

( 666 )

ended ; — sar dar nishib kardan, To hang
down the head ; to be ashamed ; — ear duz-
didan, To refuse to obey, to rebel ; — sari
dast, The wrist ; (met.) ready at hand ; —
sari dast afshdndan, To be in a rage; to
leave, discard, renounce; to dance; — sari
dandan saped kardan, To smile ; — sari
diwdr, Top of a wall ; — sari rdsl, Anything
erect; a well-cut reed-pen; — sari rah, The
high road, higher part of a road; the head
of a street ; — sari rah ddshtan, To keep a
look out ; to purpose travelling ; — sari rah
giriftan, To stop on the road ; to block up
a road; — sari rishta, A trifling quantity
(also sar-rishta) ; — ear raftan, To be slain ;
— sari ru, The cephalic vein in the arm ; —
sari ru kardan, To revile, to reprove ; — sari
Xdnu, The knee-pan ; observation, contem-
plation ; — sari zabdn, Tip of the tongue ; —
sari zakhmi kase malldan, To put one down
a peg, to give one a scolding ; — sar zadan,
To behead ; to exert oneself, to make an
effort ; to rebuke sharply ; to enter suddenly
without leave ; to happen ; to appear ; to
leave off ; to fire, shoot ; to make a supreme
effort; — sari zulf, A wink, nod, amorous
glance ; reproof ; — sar zrri par kashidan, To
hide the head under the wing ; — sari sd'at,
The spire containing the clock (m.c.) ; — sari
sal, Beginning of the year ; — sari situn, The
capital of a pillar ;■ — sari sakht khwurdan,
To have one's head cuffed ; to meet with a
calamity ; — sari sufra, Anus; — sari sikka, The
obverse die (of a coin) ; — sari sozan, A trifle ;
— sari shdkh, The piojecting bones upon the
forehead ; — sari sham (shab), Evening, night,
early in the evening, early at night ; — sari
shah, The two projecting bones of the fore-
head ; — sar shudan, To happen ; to die ; to be
released ; to obtain fire ; — sari shamshir,
The point of a sword ; — sari shir, A skin on
the surface of milk ; cream ; — sarusher, A
water-tap in a batb, &c. ; — sari shlsha bdz
kardan, To uncork a bottle, (met.) to drink,
to quaff wine ; — sari sidq, Faith, rectitude,
truth ; — sari tauq, A large link in the front
part of a chain ; — sar 'askar, General of an
array, seraskier ; — sari fitna, An exciter of
sedition ; — sari fatila charb shudan, Oleo
perungitur penis coeundi causa {kardan
being used for the transitive) ; — sar fard
gosh awardan, To whisper; — sar faro dmadan
ba, To accept ; — sar faro awardan, To sub-
mit ; — sar faro burdan, To be ashamed ;
to be occupied with, to indulge in ; —
sari fuldn jumhad, Such an one's head
is wagging, he is alive and kicking ; — sari
qauli khwud istddan, To keep one's word
(m.c); — sari Mr, see j^-> below; — sar
kardan, To begin a work ; to order, to
arrange ; to manifest ; to mend (a pen) j
to associate with ; to let off, discharge
fire-arms) ; to burst (a boil or wound),
come to a head ; — sari kase gashtan, To

devote oneself to another's service ; — tar
kashidan, To disobey ; — sari Jcamand, A
cord fastened to the stable-door of princes,
which serves as a sanctuary to thieves or
to manslayers ; — sar kan par Jean, sar kanad
par kanad, In great agitation, in hot haste
(the verb being nsed adverbially) ; — sar
hoftan. To knock the head; — sari koh,
Summit of a mountain; — sari My, Top or
end of a street ; — sari gdv zadan, To obtain
a great advantage; to meet with a stroke of
good luck ; — sar giriftan, To follow one's
own head, to please oneself ; agree with j —
sari gushddan, To loosen the hair (mourn-
ing women) ; — sar gosh giriftan, To obey ;
— sari nidha, The handle of an auger;—
sar ma-khdr. Do not delay, make haste
(see sar khdridan above) ; — sari maflab, The
end in view, purpose ;— sari manzil, End of
a day's journey ; — sari mo (mu), Point of a
hair ; a little ; — sari nau, Beginning again,
new commencement or date ; — sar nihadan,
To sleep ; to contend with ; to fiee or retire
to ; to prostrate ; to die ; — sari neza, Point
of a spear ; — sar wa-zadan, To refuse, to
deny ; — sar wd-kardan. To loosen the hair;
— sar w barg, Apparatus ; means of subsis-
tence ; desire, lust ; — sari waraq, The first
page of a book ;■ — sar u bun, Head and root,
totally : — sar u pa, All, the whole ; an hono-
rary dress ; — sar u pa pdrad, The head flies
off to a distance ; — sar u pacha, Sheep's head
and feet dressed ; — sar u pa ham kardan,
To be troubled, perplexed; — sar u dum
zadan, To rock, or toss about (a ship) ; — sar
u ru kardan, To be angry at, to rebuke ; —
sar u shdkh, Head and branch, totally; —
sari hafta, Beginning of the week, early in
the week ; — az sari khishm. From anger ; —
az sari dast, Inconsiderately, hastily, rashly ;
— az ear guedshtan, To leave off, to give
over, to desist from ; — az sar giriftan, To
do over again, to begin afresh ; — az sari
muhabati fuldn bdz gashtam, I have renounced
such an one's friendship ; — az sari nau,
Afresh, anew; — bd sari kdri khwud raftan,
To return to one's business ; — bar khat
blnad az sar (?), He is captive ; he obeys
bar khuld sar burdan (kardan), To obtain
immortality ; to exalt one's head to hea-
ven ; — bar sar uftadan, = sar uftddan,
q.v. above ; — bar sari pd'i kase zadan, To
throw oneself at one's feet in supplication ;
— bar sar budan, To be great, to excel ; — bar
sar pechidan. To commit pederasty; to
practice a certain trick in wrestling ; — bar
sari jang (chang?) dmadan, To come in
closest proximity with, into the grasp of ; to
be nearly over (night) ; — bar sari chine
budan. To be occupied with, to strive for a
thing ; — bar sari chize kardan, To consume ;
— bar sari khwud (kliweeh), Self-willed j —
bar sari dast dmadan, = bar sari jai\g
dmadan above ; — bar sar raftan, To happen,

( 667 )

to come to pass ; — bar sari sang zadan, To
break on a stone (as an egg, &c.) ; to test ;
to sharpen ; to make public or manifest ; —
bar sari qadam budan. To make the ablu-
tions ; — bar sari kdr amadan, To begin busi-
ness, to start on an undertaking ; — bar sar
quzashtan, To happen, to come to pass ; — bar
sari lease dawldan (dawdnidan), To make
one blush so that he departs in anger ; — bar
sar kashidan, To draw over the head (a
veil, &c.) ■, to empty a cup at one draught ;
— bar sari man, Upon my head, i.e. word or
honour ; — bar sar nihadan, To put on the
head ; (for other phrases beginning with
bar see under j-> j> , p. 174;) — ba-sar awar-
dan, To bring to an end; to pass life,
to exist ; — ba-sar istddan, To vouch for a
thing with one's life ; — ba-sar bar-nihddan,
To put or place on the head ; — ba-sar pechl-
dan, To commit sodomy ; to perform a
certain wrestling trick ; — ba-sar-at (ba-sari
tu, ba-sari shuind), (I swear to you) by your
head; — ba-sari jang (chang? dust) amadan,
To come close up to, into the power of ; to
be nearly over ; — ba-sari khwud (khwesh),
Self-willed ; according to others, upon one's
own authority ; — ba-sar dar-amadan, To
trip, lo stumble ; — ba-sar raftan. To suc-
ceed; — ba-sar zadan, ~ bar-ear zadan, q.v.
above ; — ba-sari sang nishandan (mehwstan) ,
To render (become) abject, contemptible,
vile ; — ba-sar shudan, To be finished, brought
to an end ; — ba-sar kardan, To finish ; to
fulfil a promise ; to pass the time, to live ; —
ba-sar kasMdan, To draw over the head ; to
empty at one draught (see bar sar kashidan
above) ; — pushti sar kkdridan, To blush, to
he ashamed ; — chi ba-ziri (dar) sar ddrad,
What does he think or fancy ? — dar sar
amadan (shudan), To prevail, to vanquish ;
to come to an end, to finish ; to trip, to
stumble ; — dar sari cMze kardan, To con-
sume ; — dar sar dar amadan, To invade, to
make an inroad upon ; — dar sari danddn
shudan, To be consumed by the teeth ; — dar
sar kashidan, To draw (a veil) over the
head ; — dar sari minqdr kashidan, To put
od the tip of the tongue ; — dauri sar-at
gardam, (May) I turn around your head (to
protect it, formula of respect, m.c.) ;] — sur,
Shoes or slippers, made in Khurasan, of
goats' hair or cotton ; a kind of stron g
drink made from rice (perhaps arrack or
beer) ; a florid ulceration of the skin ; the
swordfish ; red colour ; a spout on the
housetop ; a sort of dance.

A sarr, surr (v.n.), Making glad ; — sirr,
in P. also sir, A secret; a mystery ; pu-
denda; coition; marriage; fornication; the
middle or best part of anything ; the middle
of a valley; rich land; root; origin; a
tomb; — surr, The navel-string which the
midwife cuts ; the navel,

\y tard, A. palace, mansion (see ;

— sird, sard, Singing, modulation ; — sird
shudan, To sing, shake, trill ; — bulbuli daetdn-
sird, The melodious nightingale.

a sirr-an, Secretly, mysteriously, clan-
destinely ; [sirr-an wa 'aldniyat-an, sirr-an
wajahr-an, Privately and publicly ;] — sara',
A tree of which bows are made, a kind of
yew ; — sarrd', One who travels much in the
night ; cheerfulness ; ease, happy condition,
advantage (opp. to Aj± q.v.).

h \y* sura, A drink, a> beverage ; wine,
r* sar-ab, A fountain-head ; a cut in
the side of a river, whence water is drawn
off by smaller channels for purposes of irri-
gation ; purest, best part of anything ; non-
existent; pride, haughtiness; name of a
place in Azarbaijan.

a v»V" A. vapour resembling the

sea at a distance, formed by the reflection
of the sun's meridian rays upon the ear-
face of sandy plains ; mirage ; glare ; name
of the camel of Basus, which gave rise to a
prolonged war between Arab tribes (see
u*y~i p. 187) ; — asWam twin sardb, More
disastrous than Sarab.

jl} \y* sard-bar, A bundle on a horse's
load.

2^ \y» sard-bald. Steep ; up-hill ; — sard-
bdld tdbidan, To turn or twist from right
to left.

<^%l sard-bdldni, (A road) up a pre-
cipice.

^J\t sard-ball, Rising ground.

(jjc-^^ sarabistdn, Land of delusion, i.e.
this world ; — sard-bustdn, A garden adjoin-
ing to a house.

0 J j^ o*\r* sar-d-bun kardan, The bend,
the head, point, or extremity of anything (?).

yii^j- sirdbidan, To sing, to warble,

A J*}V- sardbil (pi. of eirbdl), Shirts,
vests, garments.

a <_J*)\]~' sardbili, Effeminate, infamous ;
a catamite.

sar-d-pd, Totally, from head to foot,
cap-a-pie ; an honorary dress ; — sardfd
dddan, To commit pederasty.

^\>}j~> sardpdsh, An iron mace.

sar-d-pd shardrat, Vice all

over.

sj ; j \j~ sard-parda,, A curtain, especially
at the door ot a royal palace or pavilion ; a
wall of canvas surrounding a cluster of
tents ; a royal court ; the women enclosed
in the seraglio ; — sard-parda past gardad,
The tent-enclosure, &c. falls down; — sard-
parda pech/dan. To strike the tent-enclo-
sure ; — sard-parda'i ja/idn, The sky ; — sard-
parda zadan, To pitch the tent-enclosure,
&c. ;— sard-parda'i kuhli, The sky ; a black
cloud ; — sard-parda gushddan. To open the
royal tent.

fmS k}]~' sar-d-pdy, = Vj^ q.v.

sardt, A mountain near Yaman.

ijlj- eirty, A lamp, lantern, luminary,

( 668 )

1,

candle ; the Bun ; [sirdju ' d-daulat, The lamp
of the State, an honorific title ; — sirdju 'l-
qutnib, The fairy's lamp, a plant which
shines at night like the glow-worm ; —
sirdju 'l-miskm, The shining moon ;] — sar-
rdj, A saddler; a vender of saddles.

gl^. sarrdj-khdna, A saddler's shop.

&*\y eiraja, A disease incident to horses,
mules, or asses ; glanders ; name of a place
famous for melons, cucumbers, &c.

a ,_fAy sirdji, Shining, lustrous, brilliant.

^y saracha, A closet, inner apartment ;
a cabinet ; a casket within a larger case ; a
hen-coop without a bottom ; (= sjjj^~) a
tent-enclosure, &c. ; a palace, mansion; —
sardcha'i ddrany, House of vexation, i.e.
the world; — sardcha'i dftdb, A parhelion,
mock sun; — sardcha'i khdk (tang), The
world ; — sardcha'i dil, Ventricle of the
heart ; — sardcha'i zarb, The mint ; — sard-
cha'i Jeul, Throne of God ; world ; — sard-
cha'i mdh, The lunar halo.

y\ y sar-dkhur, jy'S y sar-dkhwur, A
horse tied at the head of all the rest in a
stable ; master of the horse.

a Ay sardd, Unripe dates.

j\>> \y sard-ddr, Master of the horse ; a
landlord, vintner, tavern or innkeeper; an
attendant at a hospital.

a euUo^ surddiqdt (pi. of the following),
Curtains, veils, &c.

a <}Ay surddiq, The curtain before the
door of a house or tent ; a tent, pavilion.

a j\y sariir, sirdr, The last night of the
moon ; — sirdr, The skin of a mushroom ;
lines in the hand and on the forehead.

<*s))\- xardruy, The outer cephalic vein.

a ^y sardri (pi. of surriyai), Concu-
bines.

sar-d-zir, Sloping ; upside down
(m.c.) ; downwards ; head foremost (m.c).

iSf-fiy sar-d-zlrl, Sloping state of a road ;
up and down hill (m.c.) ; incline.

y\y sar-d-sar, From begnining to end ;
from one end to the other, all, the whole,
entirely ; walking on a green sward, or by
the side of a stream ; brocade, embroidery ;
— sar-d-sar raflan (zadan, shudan, kardan),
To perambulate, to walk about.

\Sy\y sar-a-sarl, A medium, average ; a
summary ; an ornament worn on the head.

lm ^Ui~.\y sardeimagl, Amazement.

sardslma (from sar and dslma),
Astonished, confounded, stupefied, dis-
turbed in the brain, insane ; hesitating.

^Ai^ y gar-dshnd'i, Close intimacy.

j~. sar-dsMb, Steep down ; declivity.

a Up. sirdt, A way, road; — surut, Sharp
(a sword).

£\y surdgi, Sign, mark, footstep ; sign
manual; inquiry; guidance; a thing
searched for, or cried publicly (construed
with the verbs bar-ddshtan, justan, dddan,
ialab kardan, kardan, and g-iriftan).

>*f y sar-dghdz, Exordium, prelude;—
sar-dgkdz zadan (kardan). To begin; to
prelude.

%£\y sardyfcuj, bj'V* saraghoeh, *J*y\y
sardyhosh, A woman's hood, cloak, veil,
fillet, or head-dress ; a camel's halter.

jV^ r* sar-afrdz, Head-exalting ; glorious,
eminent, distinguished ; the commander of
au army ; a halter, head-stall ; the third
day of every month.

tsjV^ y *ar-afrdzi, Eminence, exaltation.

jU-rt y sar-afsdr (sari afsdr), Head of the
reins, i.e. the part held in the hand.

^jUJ^ y» sar-afshdn, Scattering heads ;
swinging the head to and fro (from co-
quetry or pride).

y sar-afgan, Scattering heads (a
sword, &c).

^jt^&sX ^_ sar-afgandagi, A bow of the
head.

^■xi&i^ p. sar-afgandanl, Veil for the
head.

sar-afganda, Confused, abashed.

Jsl\j~> sardfil, ~ ^\y\ q.v.

a tjj-^lj-. sard/in, Seraphim.

a j!\y surrdq (pi. of sdriq), Thieves.

a sardquch (from P. sar-dgifith, q.v.

above), A (female) head-gear.

t^Wy sardkdri, An infamous crime.

S->^S \y sard-kob, ci~hj£ \y sard-ko/t, A
rebuke, railing at.

($j$\y sardgun, Head downwards.

ijijSi)- sardgosh, A woman's hood or veil.
y sar-dl, In continual movement {as a
mill) ; stupefied, bewildered.

sardmdj, gM^— sardmdch, A yoke ;
the plough-tail.

y-U^ y. sar-dmds, With a swollen head.

jj-Utj-. sardmdal, A swelling of the head.

•x-T y sar-dmad, Froth, scum, or what-
ever floats on the surface ; perfect, com-
plete, accomplished ; master of any art,
profession, or excellence ; chief, a high
building ; — sar-dmadi milal, Chief of all
nations.

@\y gardn (pi. of sar), Generals, com-
manders ; — sardm charkh, Angels, sera-
phim.

y sar-anjdm, Conclusion, end, accom-
plishment ; an accident, event ; issue, ter-
mination ; apparatus, utensils, furniture,
materiel ; materials, ingredients, supply,
provision ; — sar-anjdm, Jehareh, Revenue-
charges ; — sar-anjdin dddan, To finish, to
make an end, to complete ; — sar-anjdm kar-
dan, To supply, provide.

2*. sar-anddz, y sar-anddzan

(this is also plural), Warlike, intrepid, un-
daunted, fool-hardy, blood-thirsty ; shame-
less, impure; a robber; active, nimble ; one
swinging his head to and fro or moving
it about from disease, drunkenness, coque-
try, pride, or any singular habit ; confused,
bashful ; a fine linen or painted silk veil,

( 669 )

which the ladies wear when they go abroad ;
a coif, a hood ; a main beam into which
joists are framed ; a rug laid at the door ;
a note in music, called also &>Uij"» q-v.

y. sar-anddzi, The strut of a drun-
kard, of a proud man, of a coquettish per-
son.

s a r and 'ah, Madagascar.
s-i-^V* sardndib, Ji-^V" sardndil, Ceylon.

tar-angushl, Tip of the finger ;
a kind of grapes.

\ y sar-angushtr, A di8h of a parti-
cular kind of meat, pease, thin paBte, and
the like ; privet, with which they tinge the
tips of the fingers and toes,
/tj- sara'u, Name of a river.
ft>Vr* sarawan, Tillage near Kasht.

sardna, A poll-tax, a capitation tax.
sara'u, Name of the river on which
the city of Auda is situated (see bj^),
sarawand, Yellow colour.
l ryT* sar-awdza, A prelude to singing.
y* Bo/r-awarl, A concourse, an assem-
blage of people.

155V* 6araivi,= i jZj£i\yq.'v. (unsupported
by examples).

i^j- sardwena, A linen veil or head-
dress.

■*■ J*jV* 8 * r «wii (pi. of sirwdl, sirwalat,
and sirwil), Breeches, trousers ; drawers ; —
tarawilu 't-fulul, A kind of ivy ; — mramnli
kuftii, Black drawers (worn by ladies).

A >&>\)\ygirawilat, Breeches, trousers.

wXa^ j~ sar-dhang, The vanguard ; for-
lorn hope ; a nightly watch, patrol ; song ;
a note in music ; a tetrastich ; the thickest
Btring of a musical instrument.

(jU- sardy, A house, palace, grand edifice,
king s court, seraglio ; an inn ; (also stray,
imp. of sardyidan, in comp.) singing, modu-
lating ; music, musical performance ; name
of a place renowned for the beauty of its
inhabitants ; — sardyi baqa (jdwid). The
mansion of eternity, the other world ; —
tardyi taj, The house where the crown is
kept; — mrdyi tamoir, The house of deceit,
i.e. this world ; — sardyi jazd, The mansion
of retribution, the other world ; — sardyi
kh&k, The world; — sardyi khardj, A toll-
house ; the royal council-house ; — sardyi
digar, The other world, future life ; — sardyi
sipanj, A lodge erected for people who
watch sown fields; the world; — sardyi
surur (house of mirth), A tavern ; paradise ;
— sardyi swmkulkh&n, Name of an inn built
by Sumbulkhati (proverbial expression for
stupidity) ; — sardyi shurUr, A tavern ; a
gaming-house ; the world ; hell ; — sardyi
Bhask-dar (the six-doored or six-sided man-
sion), The world ; — sardyi shumurda, The
exchequer; — sardyi 'driyat, A hired abode ;
this world ; — sardyi 'atiq, The seraglio iu
Constantinople; — sardyi fdni, The fleeting
abode, the world ; — sardyi niafymad, The

praised abode, paradise; — sardyi nihuft.
The concealed mansion, paradise ;— sardyi
haft parda (rukhshdn), The heavens; —
sardyi humdydn, Imperial palace.

a sardyd (pi. of sariyat), Brigades.

y^j-. sardydn, Singing, warbling ; recit-
ing ; a singer ; name of a place.

y-xJ^j- sardy dnidan, To cause to sing.

a sirdyat (v,n. of or*). Travelling
or walking by night; passing from one
thing to another; a contagion, infection;
— sirdyat kardan, To penetrate, to commu-
nicate, to infect ; — rdyati nusrat-sirdyat,
The victorious banner.

A^r- sardycha, A tent, small habitation.
sardy-ddr, A garrison-soldier ; a
keeper of the palace.

t ^aAj ^l^. sardyddr-bdshi, The major
domo of the palace (m.c.).

a flj-sarair (pi. of Sjjj- sarlrat), Secrets.

<jftolj~. sardyish, Song, melody ; conversa-
tion.

sardyin, Song ; — sardyin kardan, To
remove the head or lid of anything (doubt-
ful).

sxntj- sardya.nda, Singing ; a singer, re-
citer, or chanter; — sardyanda-murgji, A
singing-bird.

q&^j* sardyidan, sirdyidan, To sing,
modulate, shake ; to coo as a turtle ; — sard-
yidan ha-sar, To speak by signs- or nods.

a sjj-* sarb, Flocks, cattle at pasture ; a
way, road ; mode, manner ;— sirb, A bevy
(of women); a herd of deer; a flight of
birds ; a road ; mind, soul, heart ; — surb,
Lead ; — sarab, Water flowing from a lea-
thern bottle ; a den or haunt of wild beasts ;
a subterranean habitation ; an aqueduct,
pipe, conduit; name of a herb.

t+ij~, sarib, Old, rotten, squeezed, gone to
pieces ; — surb, Lead ; a cavern ; — surbi
sokhta, A black powder or unguent for
women's eye-brows.

jVj gar-bar, A bundle on the top of a
load ; a load carried on the head ; — gar-bar
tkudan, To be heavy-headed, to have a pain
in the head.

j- gar-bdrl, A small load placed
upon a heavier; a load borne upon the
head ; (in India) the head-man of the royal
guard, a head watchman.

jV} sar-bdz, Bare-headed ; open at the
top (as an arena, a carriage, &c, m.c.) ;
brave, resolute, fool-hardy, intrepid, risk-
ing one's own life or head; a soldier; —
mubdrisi sar-bdz, dildwari ear-bag, An intre-
pid soldier.

<uU- jljp, sarbdz-khdna, Barracks.

ujLj j- sar-bdzi, Courage, fool-hardiness.
sar-bdsh, j— sar-bdshi, A chief ;
a battle-axe; a beadle.

j- sar-bdk, A police-officer.

a JWj-. sirbdl, A shirt, shift ; trousers,
breeches ; any garment.

S^f j- mr-bald, A hill, a mountain; up-
hill, ascending; — garbdldsardzir, Up hill
and down dale (m.c.).

y*^ j- sar-balln, A pillow for the head.

tfay sarbdn, A small bundle laid on the
top of a load; a steep precipice (doubtful).
sar-bdng, A woodpecker.

y*» 7- sew ba-to, Deep in meditation ; a
deviser of rra'id or stratagem.

s-*w. sar-ba-jaib, Hanging the head
upon the bosom in a contemplative attitude.

u**: y sar-bakhsh, A portion, share ; first
or most select part; past, gone by ; high-
minded.

^ y sar ba-ddr, Whose head is fit for
the gallows, a gallows bird ; surname given
to the last short-lived king of the dynasty
of Hulaku Khan after the death of Abu
Sa'id.

g a ,r ba-ddl, Refractory, arrogant,

y y sar-bar, A small bundle laid on the
top of a load ; a surplus addition to a bur-
den ; magnitude, altitude ; all, the whole ;
back of the head, nape of the neck.

thy y ear ba-rdh, A performer, finisher ;
performance, the execution of a business ;
supply ; collection of rents.

^ a\j» j_ sar-ba-rdh-Jcdr, A business con-
ducted in partnership ; the officers of
government collectively.

o*V y sar-bardhl, Execution, perform-
ance.

a^j*^ sar bar khat, Obedient, com-
pliant.

t]i y sar-bar gh . A dam-head.

t^if.y sar-burida, Decapitated, beheaded ;
a criminal (worth beheading) ; a lengthy
business.

>sZjji y sar-buzurg, Great, of exalted dig-
nity.

<jfjj! y sar-buzurgi, Greatness, exalted
dignity.

»*• — ! y sar-baet, Difficult, obscure ; free ;
independent.

y sar-basta, Impervious, closed at
the end ; covered, concealed, veiled ; wear-
ing a turban ; any word, contract, or pro-
mise, by which one is bound.

u 2 --*^- sar-basti, Exemption, freedom.

y~* y sar ba- ear, Equal ; equally ; totally ;
— sar ba-sar kardan, To make equal ; — sar
ba-sari kase raftan (guzdshtan), To be equal
with.

iM-j- s-*;— surb-sokhta, Antimony, burnt
lead, wherewith females tinge their eye-
brows.

a \ja**> y sar ba-sahrd ddda, Mad, a
demoniac.

gar ba-zamin, Head to the ground ;
profound reverence.

■vi) y sar-baland, High-headed, i.e. emi-
nent, glorious, excellent ; a fillet for the
head ; — sar-baland kardan, To aggrandize,
exalt.

(jjjlt^ sar-balandi, Eminence, exaltation,
y*i y sar ba-muhr, Sealed ; veiled, con-
cealed.

y sar-band, A wreath or fillet for
fastening a lady's head-dress ; a turban ;
— sar-bandi shisha, A plug or stopper ; — sar-
bandi kase ddshtan (giriftan), To know tho-
roughly or expose another's affairs.

sar-bandi, A inclosure, a park,
yjV^ij sar binihddan, To be refractory,
fierce, stubborn.

a, v>V y sar bauwab, A chamberlain.

y sar-bahd, Price of blood; ransom.
a tjty* surbl-rang, Of lead colour, lead-
blue.

y mr-bela, A broad arrow-head.

^s^rf y sar-blni. Tip of the nose.

O^j Ky sar-pa zadan, To kick.

<j»^ y sar-pds, A head watchman ; an
iron mace ; a shield ; an iron helmet.

i^W, y Bar-p&sh, One whose faculties are
impaired by age ; one who has seen the
world ; a huge mace ; a column.

J*iy mr-pdy, A kind of shoe (see ^jj).

bl^Siy sar-pdydn, A helmet; a turban;
a soft linen cap worn under a helmet; rings
hanging from a helmet ; breeches.

<J>^ty sar-pa'i, Sexual intercourse, adul-
tery.

y sar-pd'in, Down-hill,
y, y ear-par, A chief.'
tjfiy sarparda, Name of a note in music.
utv*^j sar-parast, A servant,
(ji-j* y» sar-parastl, Service ; emendation.
«j> j« sar-para, Lines drawn on the sand,
between which dice is played.

y sar-paz, Who cooks beasts' head and

feet.

y sar-paat, Medica, a sort of trefoil.

Jjj~. sarpal, Tripping, stumbling; — sar-
pul (xari pul " bridge-head "), Name of a
place ; faithless, not keeping one's word or
promise (abbreviated for wa'da-sar-ful,
q.v. under s>vej).

( _ 5 £< >f A> ^ sar-panjagl, Strength of fist,
violence.

ii^u j. sar-piMvja, Nails, claws, open hand,
expanded fingers ; powerful, conquering ;
dauntless (construed with tdftan, dar bmi
Jcashidan, shikastan).

j_ gar-pang, A helmet.
j5,_jj sar-posh, A cover, lid, or stopper;
a female veil or head-dress of fine linen,
muslin, or silk, part of which flows down
and covers the face, shoulders, and some-
times the whole body ; any concealed busi-
ness ; enigmatical discourse ; hidden, veiled,
concealed; — sar-posh az rti'i ran uftad, A
secret is divulged, made public ; hidden
things come to light ; — sar-posh az rii'i Mr
bar-ddshtan, To make public ; — sar-poshi
bdbi 'l-mi'da, Pyloric valve (med.) ;— ear-
' pofhi si gosha, Tricuspid valve (med.) ;—
j sar-posh guzdshtan, To hide, to conceal.

( 671 )

t^fi y sar-poshna, **j> y ear-poska, A.
cover, hd ; a female veil, head-dress,
j- sar-poshlda, A virgin.

CH<}j~ sar-pahan, A man or object, whose
head, top, or upper part is plain or level ;
name of a herb.

ytfoL* ear-payadagdn, The six principal
officers of an oda or company of Janizaries.

ftH y swr-pech, <j±t>y nar-pesh, An orna-
ment of gold, silver, or jewels, generally
placed in front of the turban ; a crown ; a
light slumber ; — sar-pech zadan, To slumber.

^•^»> y sar-pechddr, A religious mendi-
cant of a certain kind in India.

a ty surrat, The navel, or the place where
it is cut ; the middle or choicest part of a
valley.

^y Burt, Galangale ; a stalk of corn, &c.

V** y ear-tab, Refractory.

yi V? y gar ta ba-sar, From end to end,
entirely, completely.

jj)^ y 8ar-tdbi, Eefractoriness, disobe-
dience.

to to f tar ta pa pay), Head to foot.
y sar-taj, A chief ; an ornament of a
woman's head.

«-<s.to sar-tdhht, At full gallop (m.c,).

I»j \s gar ta dum, From head to tail.

AHjjU y sar-tdziydna, In a second, di-
rectly.

y^Y* ear ta sar, From end to end.
teito y sar-tdfta, Conquered, defeated,
rooted.

jl>j- ear-tdq, A tunic worn under the
upper garment.

a \» y* sar id qadam, Head to foot ; —
ear td qadam lafdfat, Grace all over.

ta^ jm ear-takhta, A steel- plate pierced
with holes of different dimensions, for
■wire-drawing gold or silver.

y ear-tar ash, A head- shaver, barber.

jjfcy ear-tardehl, A shaving of the
head.

dji sar-tark, "What is on the top of a
Bword-hilt (an ornamental knob or boss?).
Although this is the explanation given in
the Bahdri 'ajam, the etymology of the
word seems to point to the meaning " what
is on the head of the helmet," which tallies
with the synonym referred to by the
same Dictionary ; see <j*2s .

£sS y sar-iegA, Point of a sword ; peak
of a mountain ; light.

jl* j*- uty, sar-at sabs bad, May you live
to be grey 1

yiy sar-tasar, by poetical licence =
y(s y, q.v.

gV*i y« ear-twmaj, A hood, coif, veil.

fy mrtn, A great-coat, an overcoat (m.c.
from Pr. snrtout).

£yf y ear-togh. (j/ t°q), -A- kind of flag.

y^Jj- eartlp, Colonel, general (m.c).
y ear-tir, Great ; wise, learned ; excel-
lent.

y& y sar-tez, Sharp-pointed (sword, thorn,
&c.) ; irascible ; the eye-lashes of the fair ;
— sar-titi hardan dast-rd az dslin, (To put
only the tips of the fingers out of the
sleeve) To abstain from violence.

gj~ Baraj, The fringe or skirt of a tent.

a Qy sarj (v.n.), Saddling (a horse) ;
plaiting the hair ; a saddle.

W- y sar-jci,, The chief place at a feast.

u^^Ats- y sar-jughrdt, Creatn.

«. ii**). y sar-jumla, The best and most
select part of anything.

sarjang (sari jang), A general,
chief, leader of a body of troops ; a ser-
geant.

i^yv y~ ear-josh, What is taken out of a
pot for tasting ; best part or cream ; effer-
vescence ; according to others, necessaries
of life, capital.

a 4Sj"t- y sar-joqa, A corporal.

A &<&-y sirjm (from P. ^S^J), Dung,
ordure.

j-. ear-chdh, Mouth of a well.
^r-^y earehab, eurchab, v*vT" ^archap,
Leprosy, white naorphew.

y sar-chashma, A fountain-head,
spring; — sar chashm.a'i jdn (haiwdn), Foun-
tain of life ; vital or animal principle.

j"U &*A> y sar chashma-dar, A deceiver,
a cheat, defrauder.

sar-chakdd, Top of the forehead.
^goVii. j*. sar-chahddi, Anything given or
taken gratis into the bargain.

y sar-chilim, The plate to which is
stuck the tobacco in a hookah (see y).

<£&t>y* sarchang, Labour, fatigue ; a kick
in the backside ; a slap in the face.

a ty sarfr (v.n.), Giving leave to roam,
setting free ; sending to pasture ; grazing
cattle ; large trees ; any tree which has no
thorns.

a cjlaj- sirhdn, A wolf; a lion; name of
a dog ; — zanabu 's-sirhdn, The false dawn.

a sar-hadd, gar-had, A frontier, con-
fine, boundary, limit ; a fortress on the
frontiers.

a sarhaddt (pi. of the preceding),

Frontier-places (m.c.).

a^^y sarhad-ddr, Commander or bolder
of a frontier place.

a, ±^y sarhad-niehln, Living or sta-
tioned on the confines ; a marcher.

« y sar-hisdb, Acquainted or con-

versant with, aware of ; a precautionary
measure.

a 42U y sar-halqa, A chief, head of the
ring.

ty surih (Z. suhhra),Red; a red tincture
or red ink ; (In India) a red bird spotted
white and black; — surkh shudan, To fire
up with rage ; to blush with shame ; —
surkk v, zard shudan, To blush;— surk£ u
safed, Gold and silver ; — surkh u siydh shu-
dan, To be vilified, debased.

( 672 )

sjUj- mrkhab, Red water, i.e. paint used
by the ladies ; blood ; red wine ; a cup of
wine ; name of a river in Kabul, so called
from the hxie of the water; a bright bay
horse ; a horse belonging to Rusram ; name
of a wrestling trick ; (= suhrab) name of
Rustam's son ; name of a mountain near
Tabriz ; name of a king descended from
Bahram Gur ; a sort of water-fowl, called
likewise kharchdl (anas casarca).

jjjU-j-i surkhdbl, A red duck ; a bay
horse.

S;\ ty surkh-arj, A ruby.

* a *^> ^y swrkhd-rang. Inclining to red.

s,U ^ sar-khdra, A golden bodkin which
women wear in their hair, either by way of
ornament or to fasten their veil ; a kind of
flesh-brush made of bone ; a comb.

lM^ y sar-khdsh, Main beam of a
house.

oeJU. gar-khafe, A pillow ; sound, Toice,
echo (this unsupported by examples).

yWp. sarkhdn, Surname of the "Wazir of
king Kaiqubad ; — surkhdn, Name of a
mountain..

y mr-khana, Limit, boundary ; the
degree of perfection of anything ; a high-
pitched voice ; — sar-khdna'i chwrkh, The
horn of a bow ; — ear-khdna, rasdndan, To
bring to perfection ; — ax sar-khdna uftd-
dan, To lose one's lank or place, to lose
caste.

J 4 ty surkA-bdd, s^W ty surkh-bdda, The
erysieplaB ; St. Anthony's fire.

ty "urkh'b&l, (Red-wing) A bird re-
sembling a partridge, but smaller.

ty surkh-but (bud), Name of an idol
of a colossal size existing at Bamian in
Kabul.

■m ty surkh-bid, A kind of willow-tree.
^■y surkh-pd (pay), Wood-sorrel.

ty surkh-pusht, Name of a bird.

ty gurkh-posk, Dressed in red.
lyejij- eurkh-tira, A red or bay -horse.
£*i ty surkh-tegh, Of reddish bright-
ness.

f*it* ty surkh-cha&hm, Red-eyed ; cruel ;
an executioner.

&*?t-y mrkhija,, ^qy-y surfchicha, Measles.
sur-kjtat, Superscription, direction
of a letter ; a receipt ; — sar-khat nikddan,
To oblige ; to follow.

iAt ty mrkh-ddna, Red medicinal
berry.

surkhida. Measles.

jy ty surkh-ru, Honourable ; honoured ;
acquitted ; pleased, contented ; — surkh ruy
8hudan, To be red in the face or overspread
with blushes.

j*. } j*. y sar-khar u bun-khdr. An
ass (originally isa/aZ-construetions, ear and
bun for initial and final letter respec-
tively).

soy ty mrkk-ruda, The gullet.

^ ty surkh-rCty, = J; ty q-v.

t^j; ty- surkji-ru'i, Honour ; acquittal.

surkkira. — A^t^. q.v.
*t)L. y. mr-kharid. A ransom.
^iyy surkh-zarda, Reddish yellow
horse.

iys-j*. surkhisa, tyy snrkjiuha, = "V 4 -/-
q.v.

_ <j**y sa rkhas, Laurel ; — sarakhs, A medi-
cinal wood, black without and green within,
found on the shores of the Caspiau ; a city
in Khuriisan ; — sarakhsi mumkkar, Common
male fern.

j*— ty surkh-sdr. = y ty q- v -

ty surkh-sabz, <£>-y ty surkA-sabzak,
A red-headed bird resembling a sparrow.

"i—^j- sirkhist, is-ju-j-, sirkh/isht, A spe-
cies of white inauna, dissolving in water
like chalk, administered, mixed with flour,
in fevers ; a small sprinkling rain.

a jj^) ty surkh-zanibiir, A hornet.

« fc>\;r^j ty surkh-zamburdn (pi. of the
preceding), (met.) The tips of the fingers
dyed with henna.

y ty surkh-sar, (Red-head) A red-headed
sparrow ; a name by which the Persians
are called.

^y ty surkh- sarak, A red-headed bird.

surkh-safed, Red and white, fair.

^y ty surkh-suwdr. The liver.

jloyfcV ty surkJi shabdni ydhudar, (in
Zand and Pazand) Moses.

1AA6. j~ mr-k]iushki ablaq, Fortune ;
time ; the world.

S=s- y sar-khat, Head-lines to copy from;
an agreement to hire service ; a bill of sale ;
superscription, direction of a letter; a re-
ceipt ; — sar-khat nihddan, To follow.

;^* E ty surkh-'iydr. Proof, assay.

<j&£~y~. surkhak (dim. of surkh), Reddish;
measles ; the cornel-tree or fruit ; a bug.

y^U-j-i gurkhgdn, Measles ; buboes.

<2)S ty surkh-gun, A saul.

j_ mr-Sati, A jar-lid ; name of a

herb.

"*J" ty sv/rkh-mard, )y ty sarkjt-man,
Name of a red flower.

f» ty surkh-mo (uf tnoy), Red-haired
(camels).

j*»y surkhu, Measles.

*rAjL y mr-khwdb, The first sleep ; a
wrestling trick ; — ba-sarkhipdb rafta, Just
fallen asleep.

j^ys. j*. 8ir-kh>t>dr, Possessed of hidden
treasures, skilled in mysteries ; a poet ;
powerful, rich, wealthy.

ij^s. sar-kjvpdra, A comb ; a golden
bodkin which women wear in their hair as
an ornament or to fasten their veil.

(^\y sar-khwan, Calling out; a reader,
lecturer ; a singer ; a precentor ; a jester,
buffoon ; — sur-khipdn, A kind of red
pigeon.

^j\yt. j~ 8ar-k&pdni, The oifice of a pre-

( 673 )

centor; singing; speaking; telling one's
fortune by reading the writing on the fore-
head ; irony, ridicule, jesting, buffoonery.

;\«s- ^» gar-Mwav, ~ v*^/- q-v.

jf. y. mr-tchwud, One's own master.

J*ji. y. sar-kkwush, Merry-headed ; tipsy
(implying the stage of cheerful liveliness,
not of stupid inebriation).

ts*^ r~ mr-khwuehi, Exhilaration ; in-
toxication, tipsiness.

surkha, Bed tincture ; a kind of red
pigeon ; the windpipe ; a pimple on the eye-
lid, a sty ; name of the son of Afrasyab ;
name of a mountain.

^■i 4A.J-. surkha-ddr, The alder- tree, as
producing a red dye.

u^r" surkhi, Redness ; brick-dust ; a red
tincture ; red ink ; blood ; — surkMyi sari
ddslan, The heading of a tale written in
red ; — surkfii wa-shndan, To be ashamed,
bashful ; — bar surkhl zadan, To become red,
to redden.

4 ** i >;~. surkhicha. *)*^-» swrkhlza,
surihizlia, The measles.

^/^r" surkhiragl, Idle thoughts ; pertur-
bation of the mind.

Ji>4- y sar-khail (sari-khail), A general,
commander of a regiment, a troop, or a body
of men ; — sar-kkaili skaydtln, Iblis, Satan.
j~> sar-khaili, Chieftainship.

0 (j-jeij-. sar/chiyus, Fumitory.

J/- sard, Cold ; damp ; tasteless ; dis-
agreeable, unpleasant ; without root ; bot-
tomless ; — sard budan, To be cold, dead, ex-
tinguished ; — sard shudan, To turn cold ;
to die ; to become extinguished ; to come to
an end; to grow tired of; — sard guftan, To
make a frigid or dull speech ; — dtishi sard,
An extinguished fire ; — dtish sard kardan.
To extiDguish the fire ; — iqtimi sard. Cold
climate ; — dhi sard, A cold sigh ; — dil sard
hardan, To disspirit (dil-sard-ltdr, " a dam-
per to the spirits ") ; — guft&ri sard, An
empty, cold, frigid speech. ;—nafasi sard, A
cold sigh.

a Op. sard (v.a.), Sewing (a leathern
bottle) ; weaving (a coat of mail) ; making
a hole, perforating ; pursuing (a narrative)
with fluency ; persevering (in observing a
fast) ; a coat of mail.

^j- sard-db, A grotto, ice-house, a
cold hath, a subterranean dwelling ; — sir-
dab, Rock-parsley.

ct vW^- sirddb (P. sard-dV), A grotto ; an
ice-house.

tfi sard-aba, A place where water is
kept cool ; a grotto, ice-house ; a subter-
ranean dwelling ; a cool summer residence ;
a friend ; name of a waterfall in Kazwin ;
also of a Spanish island.

aard-dbt. The keeper of an ice-
house ; also anything belonging to it.

sar-ddr, A general, field-marshal,
officer of rank, king's lieutenant, a chief in

any department ; a prince ; a paragon
(m.c.) ; provided with a head (opp. to bl-
sar) ;~sarddri magasi angubin, A queen-
bee ;—sir-ddr (for sirr-ddr), A confidant.

))\>> y sar-ddru, Name of a medicine.

6 ^ J T* sar-dara, Rhyme.

sar-ddri, Bank of Sardar, chief-
ship.

i^^A gard-asp, Intelligent, penetrat-
ing, sagacious.

yU-lj^. sar-ddstdn, The coloured head-
ing of a tale ; — sardastan gushddan, To
begin a tale or narrative.

y» sir-dash (for tash or ddsht), A
confidant.

j- sir-dagh, A dish prepared with
milk (unsupported by examples).

& } \ sarddwa, A cavern, grot, ice-house ;
an open apartment for the benefit of air.

a t)W •V sard-baydn, <-Jf- -iy sard-harf,
Destitute of the graces of elocution ; plain-
spoken, offensive ; dull, stupid.
y y sar-dar, The lintel of a door.
^Aei j° r* sar dar pesh, Ashamed, bash-
ful ; meditating.

<y^y y sar-diraMtti, What is produced
on the top of a tree (as its fruit, opp. to
what grows at the foot of the tree, as corn,
&c).

i sar-dard, Head-ache, trouble.
sar-dardi, Vexation.
y •y y sar dar sar, Prom end to end :
exceeding bounds.

y

sar dar ham, Troubled, perplexed,
bewildered ; — rishta'i sar dar ham, A thread
of which the beginning cannot be found j
— matlabi sar dar learn, A perplexing or
intricate question.

IS y sar dar gillm. Head on the car-

a y y* sar dar kaf, In great danger.

frigid, in-
td, Name of a village near

y j—

pet, the game of hot-cockles.

)j *Sy sard-ra, Disagreeable,
sipid.

•ij) Jj- sard-ri
Hamadan.

1y& jo y sar dar hawd, Head in the air,
i.e. haughty, proud, lofty ; light-headed ;
confused.

y sar- dost, The wrist ; taking with
the finger-ends.

jUm,j y sar-dastdr, A turban ; turban-
sash; — sar-dastdr chidan, To arrange the
turban- sash.

kfjc^.jy sar-dastdrcha, A kind of lace or
fringe.

ii-j y sar-dasia, A walking- staff.

^ji-j y sar-dasii, Forthwith, without
delay ; anything taken up hastily with the
tip of the finger ; whatever is at hand ; a
wandering dervish's staff ; — sar-daeti rasl-
dan, To find another out, so that he cannot
deny the matter ; — sari daste giriftan (with
iz&fat), To assist, to abet ; — ba-sari daste,
Without trouble, easily.

j<~> Jj- sard-ser, A cold place ; a summer
habitation in high grounds (opp. to garm-
ser).

jtl*y sar-daftar, An officer of govern-
ment, clerk, accountant ; an exordium, pre-
amble, title-page ; a summary, synopsis ; —
sar-duftari aftrinish, Muhammad.

<sr J r* sard-guy (goy), Harsh-spoken,
one who uses ill language or utters offen-
sive truths.

ijf ->y aard-ga'i, A frigid speech ; cold
comfort (m.c.).

y sar-dama, A quick, light pace ; —
sar-dama kardan, To attack, to assault,

j** *V> sard-mihr, Without love or pity.

a \j-U -iy sard-nafas, Silent, with bated
breath.

J\)J y sar-duwdl, Reins ; a head-stall.

C^** /* sar-dawdn, Nodding in walking.

a y ear-daw, A chief spy.

)yi y sar-doz, A kind of head- stall.

icy sarda, A drinking-cup ; the presi-
dent of a company of topers ; a cup-bearer ;
a Bort of melon ; any fruit which ripens
early ; kind, species ; — sirda, Late fruits of
the choicest kinds, which are sent in pre-
sents ; fruits left upon the trees after the
in-gathering, after-fruits.

tS>y- sardi, Cold, coldness ; (met.) harsh-
ness, cruelty ; — sardi kardan, To act harshly
or cruelly.

t><>y. sardln {G. (rapSlvrf), A kind of fish,
a sardine.

jW>» y sar-diwar, The end or top of a
wall.

a y swr-zat, Per man, per head.

sar-zakir, A protector (see y^r*)-

a )j~ sarar, The navel-string, which the
midwife cuts ; the middle of anything ;
bollowness ; — surar (pi. of eurrat), Navels ;
— surar, sirar, Name of a place near Mecca,
where a tree stands under which seventy
prophets had their navel-strings cut ; —
surur (pi. of sarir), Thrones ; the upper
part, or, according to others, the sides, of
the stalk of a plant.

ui~^j y sar-rcist (sari rdst), With head
erect ; anything rightly done ; a well-cut
reed or pen.

y» sar-rasan, y ear rishia, A
rope, thread, cord, extremity of a rope ;
office, employment ; connexion, affinity ; de-
sire, intention, purpose ; talent, skill (m.c.) ;
tar-rishta'i urned, Thread of hope ; — sar-
rishta ydftan, To obtain a clue to.

jy sam, saraz, A plasterer's trowel.

Ujy sar-mda, Depraved, ill-bred; sud-
denly, unawares (m.c.) ; — ear-zada budan,
To be attributed to ; to have arisen from
(m.c).

y sar-zamln, The earth ; a country,
region; limits, confines ; upon the spot, on
the premises.

0}y sar-zan, Rebellious, disobedient.

( 674 ) ^

y zar-zinda, Great ; bold, brave,
vivacious, lively (m.c.) .

(J***) y sar-zanish, Reproach, reproof, re-
prehension, chiding, sarcasm, rebuking,
railing at; — sar-zanithi rozgar, Fortune's
frowns.

))) y sar-zor, Rebellious, disobedient.
ji) y sar-zer, With the head inclined.
*W r* sar-zlra, Name of a fragrant herb.
£j y ear-nigh., Bunch of dates or grapes.
a fj*y~ saris, Impotent, unable to impreg-
nate (man or animal) ; shrewd, careful of
what one has gotten.

fcU y sar-sakh, Pine, smooth silk.
oL. jh. gar-sad, Cinquefoil.
f\~ y sar-sam, Stupefied j frenzy, deli-
rium.

sar-sdma, Mad, crazy.

^ gar-sdrn.1, Stupidity ; delirious.
j^L. y* gar-sdn, Fear, dread, astonish-
ment.

**\~>y ear-sdya, Shadow, shade.

sar-eabz, Verdant, fresh ; flourish-
ing, thriving ; prosperous, fortunate ; rich ;
life ; freshness ; a king.

y sar-sabzi, Verdure ; prosperity.

<s)Lt~ y sar-sabuk. Light-headed, vain.

ayt- y mr-situn (sari sutun), Capital of
a pillar.

a sjw^ y. sar-sujda, Prostrate.

^jSaS-. sar-sa-Mfh Carelessness, inatten-
tion, heedlessness to what is said; harsh
words.

yet-* j~» sar-snki/wn, =~ y q.v.

sarsar, Foolish, silly ; a veil, cover-
ing ; saw-dust; folly, madness; a lid; —
sarmri shir, Cream.

ym sar-sara, Top of a mountain, sum-
mit.

^yy sarsart, Folly ; feebleness of admi.
nistration ; inattention to, remissness in
necessary duties ; vain words spoken with-
out reflection; astonishment ; mean ; a fool;
quick of apprehension; swift horse; an
easy business ; easily ; gratuitously, for
nothing.

(*~y sirsim, Water-mint.

<u_j~ sarisna, siristia, A district in Persia.
y sari suwardn, Master of the

horse.

a jyy sursur, Intelligent, knowing,
shrewd, sly ; one who gets a quick insight
into any matter ; an intimate friend.
&±~-y ear-sina, A pit in the neck.
J»y sirash (from eih, Three, and rash,
Yard), A lady's veij, three yards in length,
flowing from the head to the feet ; muslin,
fine linen ; — sirish, Glue, starch, paste ; (in
Zand and Pazand) vile, bad.

y sarshdkji, Main beam of a house.

sav-shakha, A rose on the branch.
y sar-shdr, Brim-full; intoxicated.
y. sarsharl, Drunkenness, intoxica-
tion.

<J*r*

( 675 )

s-*/- sharshab, A royal falcon.

sirisht, Mixed; nature, tempera-
ment, constitution, complexion, natural
shape, form, or make ; understanding, in-
tellect ; the four elements ; a toe ; baking,
kneading ; — pdkiza-sirisht, Of an excellent
disposition ; — mdri bald-sirisht, An obnox-
ious serpent.

t^T- sirishtan (S. srij), To mix, knead ;
to create, form into shape.

&z»tj~, girishta (S. srishta), Mixed ; — sa-
riehta (for sar-rishta), A record, account ;
registry-office.

jta aj*^ sarishta-ddr, A keeper of the
records of a province ; the native head-
officer of a cutchery or court (in India).
sar-ghakh, — \J£ y q.v.

i^—*^- sar-shustani, A lotion for the
head (as an infusion of mallow-leaves,
Ac).

a sar-sha'la, The first flame.

seed,

•sUj- sirishk, A tear ; a drop ; droppings
of the eaves ; flowing of a fountain ; sparks
of fire ; a red-flowering tree ; the flying
upwards of sparks of fire ; barberries ; the
cypress ; a white rose inclining to red,
which blooms summer and winter ; — sirishki
atish, Sap oozing from green wood when
placed upon the fire ; — sirishhi angubin, A
syrup composed of honey, water, and vine-
gar ; date-syrup ; — sirishki baran, Rain-
drops ; — sirishk bdrldan, To shed tears; —
sirishki shor. Tears of sorrow ; — sirishki
qadah, Drops of wine ; — sirishki hawd (tears
of the air), Dew.

eirishkdn, = ^^ifcj-. q.v.

sirishk-bdran, Eain ; small

•j- earshaf (8. sarshapa), MuBtard-

i^ £ - r - " &i sar-shikastagl, Fracture of
skull.

ear-shikasta, Broken-pated.

t>£fc y~ sar-shikan, Head-breaking ; a free
grant of land, the rents of which are made
up by an additional assessment on the resi-
due of the lands.

^Sa^. sar-ehikani, Resistance; death.

sirishkwdn, y^*;— sirishkman, A
curtain by which a bride is concealed ou
her wedding-night.

^jUa sarshumdri, Census.

j„ sar-shity, A barber, shaver ; a kind
of white clay with which women clean their
hair.

y>*> j~ sar-sMr (sari shir), Cream, scum of
milk,

A sarat, (v.n.), Swallowing (any-
thing) ; travelling smoothly along the road.

jUs. sar-tdq (sari taq), A balcony or
upper summer apartment open to the front.

a yU»j- sarafan, A crab ; the sign Cancer ;
a cancer ; a disease incident to the feet of
cattle ; a swallow er of large mouthfuls.

siritrdt, saratrat, A dish com.'
posed of flour, honey, or dates and water.
t jd> sar-ioq, =£/ ; - q.v.
a "ijk y~ gar-tawila, A choice horse.
a Zr* sar '> »*'»■', A vine-shoot ; — sara', sira'
Haste, expedition.

a Sc^, sur'at (v.n. of Doing (any-

thing) with despatch ; haste, expedition
quickness, despatch ; — sur'at hxrdan, Tc
make haste.

a sur'atan. Quickly.
a j£~«c y. sar-'askar, A general, comman<
der of land forces ; seraskier.

a j» sar-'ashar, A mark or margtna
asterisk placed after every decade of verseE
in the Qur'an.

j.ijf d_jjc sar 'atsa'i ddam, Jesus Christ

a pte j- sar-'alam, A tuft or any othei
ornament on the top of a flag.

a <-*j c j~> sur'vf, Tender, delicate, light ol
flesh ; a tall horse.

sargtech, A wooden bowl.

a J)* j- i^r-ghazal, The best or choicesl
poem in a collection ; a g^azal or ode.

(jjLlfc ^ sar-g^aliydn, = (jjW* q.v.

i-iAf- sarghana, Great, large, and incom-
parable ; a chief ; above-mentioned, afore-
said.

tsa**^. sarghut, Opulence ; beneficence (in
the dialect of Khwarazm).

Vfcjt y» sar-ghaugha, Ringleader of 8
mutiny or tumult ; vanguard of an army.

sirghln, < tA * i j~ sarghlna, A corn-
pipe.

a t-Jj-i sarf (v.n.), (A caterpillar, surf at,
surf a) eating the leaves of trees; — sara)
(v.n.), Mistaking, blundering ; exceeding
bounds in one's expenditure, extravagance,
prodigality ; nobility, dignity, rank ; dul-
ness of intellect ; greediness ; habit, habi.
tude ; leaking through the sides of a well
(water) ; — sarif, Deficient in understanding,
blunder-headed, silly ; — euruf, A white
substance resembling the web of a silk-
worm,

<-ij~ surf, A cough; one who coughs;
(for surb) lead ; — saraf, suruf, A soreness
in the throat or the chest from coughing ;
a tickling sensation of the palate.

•sllif- sarfdk, Sound, voice, clamour.

yj^jUj- surfdnidan, To cough ; to make
(anyone) cough.

a Sj^I j- sar-fitna, = j— q.v.

j~, sar-fardz, Having the head raised ;
eminent, exalted, distinguished; proud, dis-
obedient ; height, dignity ; name of the
third day of the month of the royal era.

tsiV r~ sar-fardzi, Grandeur, exaltation.

2* y> sar-faro, With a humble head, sub-
missive ; humiliation.

>«^Sr* y sar-farosh, Who cooks and sells
the heads of cattle ; ready to sacrifice one's
life.

( 676 ) *±*>-

o*!JU* r* sar-faroshi, Bravery, fidelity ;
sacrifice of life ; sale of heads of cattle.

iJj- uy. ewrf surf, A cough ; coughing.

a ej* y sar-fauj, The leader of a troop.

6j*r- earfoj, A kind of glue (unsup-
ported),

swrfa, Cough ; (for A. ship-
worm ; caterpillar.

isjj ai^. surfa-zada, Troubled with a
cough; — Burfa-zada gardidan, To be at-
tacked by a cough.

gAftl^. surfidan, To cough.

a jj- earaq (pi. of saraqat), Strips of
white silk ; — saraq, sariq (v.n.), Stealing,
pilfering ; — sariq, Theft, larceny ; plagiar-
ism.

a aUVi j-. mr-qafila, The leader of a
troop or caravan.

a iiy., saraqat, A strip of white silk ; —
saraqat, mriqat, sariqa, Theft, larceny ; pla-
giarism ; — sariqa (sarqa) kardan, To steal,
to pilfer.

a Sa&q* y~ sar-qasida, The best or a choice
qasida; a qasida (comp, Jjij-.).

o.jU»» j_ ear-qitar, The first in a herd of
camels or mules.

a ^jU* sar-qufil, Fees for unlocking,
exacted from a tenant on his taking posses-
sion of a house.

yUii sar-qaliyan, The round plate to
which is stuck the tobacco in a hookah,
generally a thin piece of unglazed tile, and
upon the contrary side of which the fire
is put.

Bjlyy. sarqawdra, A finger-nail.

t eyy* surquj, A plume of feathers, deco-
rated with gold and jewels, with which
Persian ladies and great men adorn their
heads.

a sirqin, sarqln (for P. sargin),

Dung, manure.

<*!j— sirk, Red and white paint for the face ;
— snrk, Measles; — sarak, A little head ; (in
the dialect of Kazwln) a boy.

\Sf* sirM, Vinegar.

^jtf^. gir-Mtibl, A secretary.

jUT sar-kar, A chief, superintendant,
supervisor, overseer, agent; a title by way
of respect given to a person present or ab-
sent ; a weaver's shop ; a workshop ; a
king's court ; government ; estate ; pro-
perty ; knowledge, practice ; (in India) a
district comprising several pergunnahs.

j_ sar-hdri. Superintendence ; be-
longing to the estate or to government.

s~Sr» sarkab, Name of a famous musician ,
mime of a Greek general who brought the
Qaisar's daughter to Khusrau Parwez.

g£ y sar-kaj, Curved at the head (stick).

a tj*tf j~ sar-Jcuhlly A black thing ; dark
cloud .

ytfj^- sarkardagdn (pi. of sar-karda),
Officers ; — sarkardagdni lashkar, The staff
(m.c).

(jJo^ } ~. sar-kardagi, Chief command;
authority (m.c).

jiijS' j~. sar-karda, Begun; a beginning;
an officer, commander (m.c.) ; in command
of (m.c).

(_|-^~. sarkas, Name of a melodious bird.

yi£ y- sar-kash, Refractory ; proud, arro-
gant, contumacious ; powerful, disobedient,
stubborn, rebellious, mutinous, obstinate;
a wild, unbroke horse ; an old acquaintance;
name of a celebrated musician ; a champion ;
an upright or a straight man ; a horse that
carries his head erect ; a reed prepared for
writing ; — agbi gar -hash, A hard-mouthed,
restive horse.

^AS j-, mr-kasM, Obstinacy, mutiny; —
sar-kashi kardan, To disobey, to resist, to
rebel ; to consent.

MftS j~. gar-kaldfa, The arraugement or
disposition of a matter.

ijS}- sarkan, The herb orage ; — sar-hm,
The leader of a troop ; the first or principal
in an assembly.

sirkangubin, Oxymel, houey and
vinegar, prescribed for the bile.

<r>fZ j- sar-kob, Head-striking ; a box on
the ear; overlooking, overtopping; a ma-
chine erected to overtop a wall ; a battery;
a battering machine ; any eminence which
commands a fortress or houses; a citadel;
a superintendent ; excelling in every art ;
valiant in battle ; a sturdy fellow ; a moles-
ter; contumely, reproach.

4»jf j_ sar-koba, Heavy mace ; smart re-
proof.

udi^ji' sar-kuchak, Vile, low, worthless.

<UJjS y. gar-kofta. Broken-headed ; — ear-
kofta dashtan, To knock down, to keep
under.

t&y eirka, Vinegar ; (met.) a glow-
worm ; a nit ; — sika'i abru, A frown ; — sirka'i
dah sdla, Vinegar ten years old ; an ancient
grudge ; — sirka farokhtan, (To sell vinegar)
To put on a sour look ; — sirka'i hindi, (In-
dian vinegar) Rice-water left till it becomes
sour.

aS^. sirka-abru, A crabbed fellow.

"tj iiy* sirka-bd, Hashed meat, bruised
grain, and vinegar.

a \ S ji\ iij^ sirka-bar-abruwdn, ^ jt t£j~>
«aJU girka bar ruy mdlida, and —

jLs-o iSy^ sirka-peshdni, A crabbed
fellow ; cross-grained.

^J>>) } * <s^j— sirka-farosh, cy<*i t&y girka-
fishdn, .Morose, malevolent, sarcastical.

jlAi sirka-flshani, Reproach, sar-

casm.

ij^Sj-, sarkya. Vertigo; — sarkija dar-
dmadan, To be seized with a giddiness (from
hunger or any other cause).

jSS j~l sar-guzar, A station, a resting-
place.

utJiJi' j~ sar-guzaM, An event, accident,
transaction; a recollection or relation of

{ 677

any past circumstance ; a story ; expe-
rienced.

to*>i£ j~ sar-guzashta, Out of one's mind
or senses, tired of life.

fy sargar, surgar, A cobbler ; a maker
or vendor of beer; — eurgar, A kind of
hedgehog; a maker and seller of the in-
toxicating drink j~. sw, q.v.

y^f y~ sar-girdn, Having the head
confused with, drink, intoxicated, crop-sick ;
proud, arrogant; angry; dissatisfied;
pierced ; headache, crop-sickness ; a heavy
club.

<-sV J" Mvr~gircmi, Dissatisfaction.

iSX T" sar-giray, Giddy ; what makes
giddy, produces giddiness ; leaning towards
the head.

T* sar-garda, "Vertigo, giddiness.

B'**jr y sar-garddn, Confounded, stupe-
fied, amazed, astonished, distressed ; giddi-
ness; -wandering, straying; humbled, de-
pressed ; a vagabond,

y ear-garddni, Amazement; dis-
tress.

l ^T" sar-jartZa, Astonished, stupefied.

isijj j~ sar-girifia, Suffering from head-
ache ; head-ache ; reproached ; a reviler ;
pale; angry, infuriated.

y ear-garm. Inflamed with love; in-
tent upon, attentive ; a wandering Muham-
madan monk.

ij"/ y aar-garmi, Application, attention ;
love, the being in love.

l £r* 8<*r-<?m'A,, A. knot on a rosary-head.
y sar-guroh, A chief, leader, head of
a tribe ; a chief of faqirs ; a provincial.

ts-yS" y, sar-gazit (j*^ gazid), Tribute;
poll-tax, head-money levied on Jews and
Christians.

y sar-gaun (probably misreading of
the preceding), Tribute ; — ear-guzin, One
who picks out the best of the flock ; the
choicest animal thus selected.

l a*" 7 ** y sar-gastagi. Astonishment, be-
wilderment.

te*4 sar-gaehta, Astonished, stupefied,
bewildered ; dizzy, vertiginous ; wander-
ing ; buBy ; under authority ; — ear-gashta-
ganl bddiya, Wanderers in the desert.

J^r- sargal, A ball for playing with.

y y ear-gulu, A disease in the brain (as
affecting the head and throat).

liS y sar-gala, The leader of a flock or
herd ; — ear-gala nikudan, To choose ; to
honour.

qM. fSf* ear-gum shudan, To be bewil-
dered; to lose one's way, or rather, one's
head,

^yfj- earguta, sirguta, (in Zand and Pit-
zand) A Beeret ; a gibbet.

ga-f-goahi, Talking into one's ear,
a whisper ; — sargoshi hardan, To whisper.

ij**«r> y ear-gijaah, y sar-gija, Ver-
tigo.

) (V~

iSftS y sar-glri, Beginning of business j
putting out a lamp ; (met.) sodomy ; —
sarglrl ihwurdan (zadan), To commit so-
domy.

ij~iry sargis, The rainbow.

iftSy eargin, Dung, especially dried and
kept for firing ; — eargin anddkhtan (afgan-
dan) , To void excrement ; — eargin dar ssamln
zadan, To dung land.

s *s 4 '^ &tSy~ sargin-pashvda, Manured
(field).

tsW (j*2y eargin-jdy, A dunghill,
y^t^r* sarginddn, A dunghill.
jbt^T* sar g' i nzdr, A mixen, dunghill.
yOoli i#$y mrgin-g&altan, A tumble-
dung.

yiS" <&Sy sargin-lcaeh, One who draws
dung.

yljjJ i^-^-. eargin- gar dan, ciiiUji' (&£y
sargin-garddnak (dim. of the preceding), A
beetle.

t>*Sj- sarymnah, Defiled with ordure ;
dunged, manured.

a surlab, An astrolabe.

jSj- sarlad, The top of a wall; a wall.

y&S y sar-lashhar, The leader of an
army, &c. (—y^~e.j~. q-v.).

az^y sar-lauh,hn illuminated title-page.

fy sarm, Artichoke ; cold ; wild mus-
tard ; — siram, A leather strap that has
been scraped on the top to make it soft.

A (y sarm (v.n.), Driving away a dog; —
eurm, The intestine which communicates
with the anus, the straight gut, the rectum ;
— saram, A pain in the fundament.

\*y sarmd, Winter, cold ; cold (weather).

jjj Uj- sarmd-burd, The blasting (of
trees) ; — sarmd barad (sozad), The cold
blasts or blithes ; — sarmd'i talkh, Bitter
cold ; — sarmd khwurdan, To take cold ; —
sarmd'i gul, Frost in spring-time.

^•>jy Uj- sartna-Mj/ivurdagl, Chilliness,
nip.

sjyt sarmd-kkpurda, Nipped by

cold.

u^J W"* sarma-remgi, Hoar frost.

W " " "

frost,

sarmd-zadagl, Chill, nip, blast.

5jj sarmd-zada, Stricken with cold.

j^-Uj- sarmdsard, A summer habitation
(among mountains).

^Vji sarmd-fizdy. Name of the ninth
month of the year of the royal era.

c£l»l» ^ sar-mdmah, Game of hide and
seek.

ajUj- sarmdna, Game at leap-frog.

^Uj- sar-mdhf, Heads of fish ; the name
given by the Persians to those whom the
Greeks called Ichthyophagi, or people who
live on fish ; monthly pay.

^•y earmdy, — \*y q.v.

y sar-mdya, The capital of a mer-
chant, stock-in-trade, principal sum ; head;

*H5 ^*T" sarmd-reza, Rain with frost ; hoar

( 678 )

fortune ; possibility, means ; — sar-mdya
kjiwurdan, To consume one's capital.

^4 ^Uj^ sarmdya-ddr, A moneyed man, a
capitalist.

t/ty sarma'i, Wintry ; winter-clothing.

^fy sarmaj, Orage ; a kind of ivy.

^Wy* surmachob, = s->^- q.v.

jW» j~ gar ma-kh,ar. Don't scratch your
head, i.e. be quick,

A garmad, Everlasting ; eternity ; a
long night ; a place in the neighbourhood
of Aleppo.

a mrmadan, Eternally, for ever.

q\±*j~> surmaddn, = c^J *<■_)-• q.v.

ci—j siram-dast, Who wraps his hand
in cotton, to be able to perform much hard
work.

a ts^r* sarmadl, Eternal, perpetual ;
divine ; eternity.

a h±»y> sarmadiyat, Eternity.

h~T" sar-mara, A numbering by the head ;
— sar-mara kardan, To count by the head ;
to make a census.

» j-. sarmast, Very drunk, crop-sick ;
a camel which staggers when travelling as
if drunk.

u^-^j-. sar-ma-sti, Intoxication, ebriety,
<jr"x* sarmish, Apricots stuffed with al-
monds.

i^^-j*. sarmashq, A copy (for writing) ;
— sarmashqhdyi tifldni maktab, Copies for
boys at a writing-school.

a iff!*" j~ sar-mu'jiza, A miracle.

a *>*r* scmnaq, surmaq, Orage, a herb ;
the herb all-heal.

<*l*P» sarmak, Orage.

a Js>\) j~> surra man ra'd, Name of a
city or imperial residence near Baghdad.

Jy** y~. sar-manzil, An inn, a resting-
place, a station.

y y ear-mo (mtt), A hair's point; a
trifle ; — tardzu sarmity zanad, The scale
sinks a trifle.

usiiy*^ sarmutak, Commotion, noise, cry.
J" inr-morl, "Very small, minute ; —
ifshdni sar-mori, Very small things scat-
tered.

t>jy j- sar-mdza., Hose worn over boots,
gaiters.

sarma, Orage ; galangale ; — surma,
A collyrium, with which the eye-brows and
lashes are tinged, antimony, lead-ore ; name
of a village in Persia ; a beverage custo-
mary in Turkistiin ; — surma'i isfahdni, An-
timony; — surma ambdshtan, To anoint with
surma ; — surma'i chashm-hd nihdn gasMan,
surma'i khifd. A collyrium which renders
invisible ; — surma'i khdk-bln, A collyrium
of Khusrau Parwez, which enabled anyone
whose eyes were anointed therewith to see
to the distance of three feet under the
ground; — surma dddan (kardan, kashldan),
To anoint with collyrium; — surma'i dum-
bdla-ddr, A line of collyrium reaching to

the ear ; — surma rekMan (kardan) dar, To
scatter collyrium over a thing ; — surma'i
sulaimdn (sulaimdui), A collyrium which
makes one see the hidden treasures of the
earth ; — surma shudan, To become very
thin ; — surma'i gUi, A dark night; — jawahir-
surma, A collyrium mixed with pearl-dust,
&c. ; — mili surma, A style with which is
applied collyrium.

Jj^ 6*y. surma- alud, surma-
dluda, Anointed with surma.

VB ~Vi surma-parast, j^j> surma-
parvxtr, Anointed with collyrium.

f*i*» surma- chashm, Whose eyes are
anointed with collvrium.

surma- chob, A surma-style.

^jiUj-, surmaddn, A box in which surma
is kept; — sufnaddni 'aji, An ivory surma-
box ; a concealed figure.

L. du^ surma-sd, Anointed with colly-
rium.

iJiAt a*j_» surma-tdsh. Antimony,
ytS a*^, surma-kash, One who applies
the collyrium to the eye ; the instrument
by which it is applied ; whatever enlightens
the eye ; a dark night

surma.

4^*4^- ('[>), Measles.

usH> surma-nak, Anointed with colly-
rium.

<Me"j~ sarminiya, A town near Aleppo
rich in olive and other trees, but without
water except from rain which the inhabi-
tants collect and drink.

surma'i, Of surma-colour, greyish.
<$y saran, The white lily.
Ijj— surnd, A hautbois ; a clarion.

<j~ surma-kashida, Anointed with

W. U

^7

0J V

<j~ surnd-pu, A cameleopard.
sumdchT, A hautbois-ptayer.
surnd-zan, A player on the haut-

bois,

jj-U^a sarnds, sirnds, An old sedate man ;
manly, arrived at the age of a man ; impo-
tent; — sirnds, One who has experienced
the vicissitudes of fortune.

a*U sar-ndma, Titles at the beginning
of a letter, given to the person to whom it
is addressed; address, superscription, di-
rection of a letter, as darfuldn mahal la.-
fuldne bi-rasdnand, May they cause (it) to
reach so-and-so at such a place ! preface of
a book.

. surndy, A trumpet, clarion, bugle.
Y~ sar-nubixht, — ij-Aj3 y> q.v.
jjj- sirinj, A cymbal; red lead, vermi-
lion .

saranjdm, ~ f\=r\j~> q.v.

aSj- sirind, Entangling the legs, as
wrestlers, to trip each other; a swing, a
noose for catching prey by the foot, a lasso;
a green film which floats on the surface of
stagnant water ; convolvulus, ivy ; a kind
of sparrow ; — sirand, sirind, Ivy.

or*

( 679 )

saranda, An island in the sea of

Oman.

s-i«^ earandib, Ceylon.

(jjAj^i^ earandidan, To sit cross-legged ;
to water.

a**'* )~ sar-nisMn. Travelling on a mule ;
— sar-nishini qdJUa, One who exhibits goods
to the people of a caravan, sitting on a
mule or other saddle-beast.

a J*^-* sar-na'l, The mounting of a scab-
bard (opp. to bun-na'l, The ferule of a
scabbard).

mrang, (in comp.) Mixing ; a mix-
ture of words, dispute ; a kind of mixed
silken stuff; — earing, Orage; — Strang (for
*ih~rang), A garment of three colours ; the
griffin.

&fi T- ear~nigwi, Head-downwards ,* de-
pressed j vile, mean, abject ; backward ;
inverted ; prone (as a quadruped) ; abashed ;
head over heels, a summersault; — sar-
nigun raftan, To retire confounded ; — tasi
tar-niqun, A cup turned down, the sky,
heaven.

{jj^ij- sarangldan, To wager; to mix in
conversation. ; to laugh ; to expand ; — siran-
gidwn, To dispute; — giringtdan, To put on
clothes.

Je&j» sirangil, A certain kind of writing.
a *»y sar-nauba, A head watchman.

sar-nuvrishi, Written on the fore-
head, i.e. destiny, predestination, fate, for-
tune ; title or inscription of a book ; the
title or frontispiece of a book.

y^V /■> ear nihddan, To bow the head, to
kiss the ground in adoration or respect.

y~ sar-nihin, A furnace, oven ; a

pot,

earnai, The mouth-piece of a pipe ; —
swnai, A clarion.

)y* sarv, The cypress-tree ; a fir-tree
(m.c.) ; name of a king of Taman ; [sarwi
azSd, The free cypress (so called from its
freedom from curvature, and its indepen-
dence of all support, or from its being
always green ; — sarwi aha, A stag's attire ;
—sarwi btiland, The tall cypress ; — sarwi
payada, A low cypress ;- sarin turhistani,
Name of an odoriferous plant; — sartai
jangali, A yew-tree (m.c.) ; — sarwi chamdn,
A graceful girl; — sarwi khiram (ikirdman,
i&pfflh-Mirdm, sanaubar-ihirdm, khwush-
raftar, raw&n), A mistress with a graceful
gait; — sarwi suwdra, A high cypreBS ; —
sarwi sahi, A cypress straight and bipar-
tite ; name of a note in music ; — sarwi
siyah, (siyah), A juniper ; — sarwi svmXn-
bar, A sweetheart with a silvery bosom ; —
sarwi kashgfcar, The figure of a mistress ;
— sarwi kalan, The great cypress, (met.)
the 8hah~nama; — sarwi hohi, Juniper or
wild cypress ; — sarwi ndz, Fresh ; a cypress-
shoot ; a cypress whose branches extend in
all directions; a beautiful yeoman, a sweet-

heart; name of a note in music;] — bvtw,
Name of a town near Damietta ; also of a
village near Balkh ; — saru (for sarun), A
horn; — sum, A horn; a lie; a goblet of
wine.

\y-> sarwa, A romance, fable ; a lie, false
report ; bare-headed ; an apartment open
to the front ; — surwd, A word (doubtful).

sarw&d, Poesy, ode, song ; vain,
idle talk,

*j>\) y sar-wdda, The last consonant in a
verse to which all the other distichs rhyme.

j^j y* Bar-weir, A small load upon a
heavier one.

mrwdz, - q.v.
a J\ju«* sirwdl, sirwdlat, sirwcda,

Breeches, trousers.

aJVy- surwdla, A burr, a kind of prickly
adhesive plant,

yV» sarwdn, Chiefs; a camel-leader;
name of a village in Siatan.

jj~ sarw-anddm, With a body graceful
as a cypress.

t>* jj~> sarv-lmn, A cypress-tree.
y y ear-u-band, Time, age.

sarob, (in Zand and Pazand) A

word.

a surub (v.n. of s^-"), Pasturing

at liberty (a camel) ; walking abroad, rang-
ing at large ; (pi. of surbaf) groves of
palm-trees.

r* sw-u-pd, ^\ j ]•* sar-u-p&cha, see
under j~.

a sdrwat, One cypress.

surot, = q.v.
taify- saroiak, saravtak, Tumult, scuffle.
a 8jr* sariij, Name of a town near
Harran (celebrated as the birth-place of
Abu. Said, the hero of Hariri's Ma^amat).
a tsf-j/- aarujt, A native of Saruj.

) y sar-u-tan, A festival celebrated
on the twentieth of the month Safar.
8y< saroch, A desert in Karmania.
c-4t ) sar-u-feMsht, (Head and brick)
Good advice unheeded,

o^- sarwad, Poesy, ode, song ; — surod, A
song ; a word ; singing and dancing ; —
surod dddan, To sound (a musical instru-
ment) ; — surod zadan {sard'idan, hardan.
guftan), To sing ; — surod u majlis, Song and
festive entertainment,

\jm ^ ir . eurod-sard (es\r* sardy),
surod-goy {guy), A singer,
ewodan, To sing.
surodi, A singer.
iir - sarwar, A sovereign, prince, lord,
chief, head, leader, general ; warlike ; work,
business ; name of a Muhammadan saint ;
— earwari ambiyd' (ha'iiidt), Chief of the
prophets (of the world) Muhammad ;— »«ar-
wari majlis. Master of a feast.

a surur (v.n. of 5~), Making gladj
rejoicing ; joy, gladness ; exhilaration ; tips
of bx&ncheB oi odoriferous plants; — sururi

( 680

t&mm u zauqi bi-anjatn, Perfect pleasure
and endless delight.

«r- mmr-abad, Abode of joy ; plea-
sant.

&*#*}))~ sarwavcmdan, To be used to.

<3))r" oarwarl, Empire, sovereignty, chief -
»hip ; a principality ; pre-excellence ; —
sumri, Name of a poet.

)yy-> sarwaz, A coif.

f"J )V~ Baruz-rdm, The first light breaking
upon one addicted to a contemplative life.

t>j )y» suru-zan, A butting animal.

) j* sar-u-sdmdn, Apparatus; re-
quisites; chattels.

sarwistdn, A place abounding
with cypresses ; name of a note in music ;
name of a place in Persia.

nU«, sarv-sitdh, Name of a note in
music.

Bjji' } f» gar-u-sar-karda, A leader, a
commander.

earosh, surosh, An angel ; Gabriel ;
the seventeenth day of every solar month ;
saroshi a'zam, Gabriel ; — saroehi suturg, The
firBt angel, i.e. supreme intellect.

■*» i^Ay— sarosh-bvd, jSL, Jbj^» sarosh-salar,
The supreme intellect.

W*"«ir-> earosh-hd (pi. of sarosh), Angels.

^jjr* sarosha, An angel ; Gabriel.

o^jr" »(iro*Ai, Relating to the angels.

o^Ar* saroshl-jpdya, Of angelical

degree.

jWjS" (jA^ saroshi-karddr, TJpright, pious ;
name of a book written by Kai l£husrau.

a usJj^-. sar-waqt, A retired bed-chamber,
closet, cabinet ; a convenient, leisure time.

a Ji sarv-qad, ^ sarv-qamat, In

stature like the cypress, straight, erect.

P ) T* sar-u-kdr, Affair, concern, business ;
intercourse.

sarwal, Name of a city in India ; —
tarul. Envy, malice.

sarun, A horn ; [sarun mdam. To
butt, to gore ;] — surun, Buttocks.

*\S gyp, earHn-gah, = sVf yiy- q.v.

0)^> saruy, A horn ; — suruy, Buttocks.

4~ty« sarwesa, The rainbow; stone
beads.

ij~ sara, Current (coin) ; good money
(opposed to nabahra) ; going well (horse) ;
a narrow path between mountains ; a
channel in a declivity made by a torrent ;
water beyond a man's depth ; a rent in a
banner ; root ; issue, progeny, offspring ; a
kind of Turkoman shoe or sandal; a web
of cloth ; a strip of white silk ; good,
agreeable, pure, faultless; — surd, A Bmall
bird.

^*y- sar-hd (pi. of ear), Heads.

jC«> j— sar-hdl, Bewildered, astonished,
confounded ; the firmament ; continually
revolving. (See j~>).

jUi, Sj- sara-raftdr, Going well (a horse).

«y> 6^. sara-mard, Benevolent ; clever.

)

y* ear-hang, A general, a com-
mander, captain, chief, champion, com-
batant ; a boatswain ; a sergeant, lictor,
lifeguard-man; an overseer; a commissary ;
a foot-soldier ; disobedient, rebellious.

jUa tiXUfc,-. sarhang-shumdr, Of the rank
of a sarhang, a superior officer.

<_5****r* sarkangt, The office of a sartong.
a ut**) 5^- sara-waqt, Leisure ; a closet,
cabinet.

<jr~ sari, Chiefship, rank of general ; a
large river ; a funnel ; a kind of armour for
a horse's head ; (for sardy) a palace, house.

A $ary (v.n.), Running a distance
under ground (the root of a tree) ; — sura,
Travelling by night, a night-journey; —
early, sari. The choicest, best; a generous
man j a rivulet running to a palm-planta-
tion ; — sarl-saqa^i, A celebrated saint.

}k j~ sar-ydit, Bearing down upon the
head of an enemy (mace).

a saraydn (v.n. of ^j-"), Penetrating
every part of a thing ; spreading over, in-
fecting ; — eurywn (pi. of sari), Rivulets.

a (j 5 ^)- surydnl, Syriac.

a saryat, suryat (v.n. of or*)< Tra-
velling by night ; — sariyat, A brigade, army,
troops, any body of men from 5 to 300 or
400 ; — swrrlyat, A concubine, a mistress
clandestinely kept (irregular mansub from
sirr in the sense of secret or of coition).

a Buraij, A beautiful nose ; name of
a renowned smith or armourer.

a (jKj- suraiji, (Armour) made by
Suraij ■

saricha, A wagtail.
J)**- <*Sy* sariyi-khanur, A funnel.

sarijcha, A pelican.
Jij-, sarld, A green film which floats on
the surface of stagnant pools ; a swing.

jjjjjj-i mrldan, = t)04$\r" q- T - (unsup-
ported by examples).

jtf sarlr, sirir, The rainbow ; name of a
place.

A jiy~ sarlr, A throne ; an ornamental
sofa or couch ; a bier (without the body) ;
part of the head next to the neck ; a favour,
benefit ; afiluence and ease of life ; [sarin
falalc, The constellation of the Great Bear;
— sariri murda, A bier ; — aartri ma^dilat*
masir, The throne of justice;] — mrair,
Name of an anchorage in Hijaz frequented
by the ships from Abyssinia to Madinah.

jiy* sarvr-qfraz, Name of a city ; the
cave in which Kai Khusrau disappeared.

a ijjj-i sarlmt, A secret, mystery.

sarirl. Of or belonging to Sarlr-
afraz ; the king of Sarir-afrtiz.

a <j~ij~. sum, Unable to beget.

iS^y <£r* tarisuwdrt, On the way or
road.

sirieh, A certain herb which, whilst
green, is boiled and eaten, but when dry
is reduced to powder, wherefrom a paste

( 681 )

is made for shoemakers and book-binders ;
glue ; complaint, lamentation ; bad, -wicked,
rile.

u**r* sirlsh-kkishm. One who sticks
close to his enemy.

P&iy* sirishim, Glue ; bird-lime ; — sirishimi
fwmba, Collodion ; — sirleMmi najjari, Glue ;
— sirlehimi sag-mdhi (mdM), Isinglass.

a tlkt ft.Aj/-, sirlehim-ikjildt, Of a tough
or sticky nature.

ijZ iii^ sarisha-kun, A baker.

f A-i-i^. sarieha-gar, A maker of leaven
or dough.

t)^~*^-< sartahidan, To knead, to mix.

a. gi^- sari', Quick, nimble, ready, swift,
who makes haste ;—sari'u 'Uhitdb, Swift of
reckoning (God) ; — sari'u 'ss-mwdl, Soon
fading away, fleeting, frail.

a *^*ir~ sari'-an, Swiftly, with expedition.

frf sarlgk, A bunch of grapes ; — surlgh.
Vestige, trace (see unsupported).

sy sariqun, Burnt lead.

fiir* sarigo, Cerigo (m.c.).

t$i)~ sunn, The buttocks ; — surln afhan-
dan, To sit four-square ; — $arln~gdh, The
buttocks ; a seat, throne ; (for sarUn-gah)
place where the horns grow ; temples,
chin.

\y» sazd, Worthy, deserving of ; con-
gruous, agreeing with, suitable, convenient,
proper; retribution; correction, condign
punishment ; — ba-saza rasdndan, To inflict
a deserved punishment \—ba-sazdsh rasid,
He has got his punishment. (The word is
moreover construed with dddan, dar kandr
kardan, and kardan.)

sAy» sazdb, Nasturtium aquaticum (see

jV>~ sazdwdr, Worthy, deserving ; — sazd-
wdri ni'mat, Worthy of favour.

jjyV>* saxawdri. Fitness, worthiness,
suitableness, applicability ; excellence.

i)\y» sazawar, Worthy, deserving.

J)V* aazdwal, A monthly revenue-col-
lector ; a land steward.

JjV» » a ^cl' u > a ^> Relating to a sazdwal.

yj^fy.. easaidan, = y'Vy. q.v. (unsup-
ported by examples).

>J>- sazd, White thorn ; — eazad, It suits,
becomes, is proper.

t \Sy* sizgd. You, or to you (= \jUa).

^Jy* saagl, Grief, trouble, affliction, vexa-
tion.

\$*fty* sazttunitan, (in Zand and Pazand)
To go.

satid, Worthy, deserving; recom-
pense, retribution ; desert, merit.

yjuy. sazidan, To be worthy, suit, be-
come.

a JU- sasdll, y^-JL~. easdliyus, Assa-
foetida.

ut— - . su&t, Soft, tender; weak, feeble,
impotent, relaxed, slow, dilatory, languid,
lazy, idle, droniBh, indolent, vain, addle;

negligent ; paralytic ; profane ; — gust atna*
dan, To relax, to grow weak or languid ; —
su8t kardan, To relax ; to dissolve ; to
neglect; — bdrdni suet, A gentle rain.

a vx~~~Bugt-iz'an, Weak in judgment.
«^«~» euet-anddm, Contracted in any
member of the body ; impotent, unable to
generate.

■ aust-bdzw, Weak in the arm.
tvst-balskt, Unfortunate, Un-

aust-blna'i, Weak-sighted.
smt-pai, Walking slowly.
zust-j>aiman, Unsteady to one's

sust-paimdni, Faithlessness,

aust-khwdn, A slow reader.
smt-rdy, Weak-minded; im-

mst-rag, Languid, remiss, in-

sust-rish, A fool, simpleton ;
foolish, stupid.

a yUc , sutst-'indn, Loose-reined, lazy.
iJijS sust-gosh, Submissive.

msl-mardum, A weakling ; a
poor creature.

a jV» sust-mahdr, Inept ; a fool,

idiot; obedient, tractable ; obedience.
j&* ut™~» sust-mihr, Who has but little love.
sustl, Debility, impotence; idleness,
laziness, languor, sluggishness, remissness,
slowness, slothfulness, negligence, dilatori-
ness, relaxation ; deliberation ; — euati kardan,
To be sluggish, remiss, <fce. ; — smti'i kamar,
Sexual impotence.

sy (jji>, Ja -... aaefi'un, Wild anise.
sy — . sas'and, A kind of fragrant
wood.

<s-j-ft— . aisharribih, sishamba, Tuesday.

J^- sisad, Three hundred.

a eU=~. suttdh, Herbage or plants spread-
ing ; name of a plant.

& (j-i-iUs,. satdkMnus, A sort of wild leek.

a yyjUs- satdriyun, The herb ragwort.

a sitd', A long mark made in a
camel's neck by burning; a column; the
longest pole in a tent ; a tall, stout camel.

a f>\lt~> sifdm, Edge of a sword ; stopper
of a phial.

a j-iu. sitahr (for P. sitabr), Thick, gross,
dense.

a (j^jS" jfk- sitabr-gardan, Thick-necked.

a sitabri, Thickness, coarseness.

a (j»f}t>-> satjbiis, Pomegranate-flowers.

a sath (v.n.), Spreading out the earth
(God) ; making one lie on his back, throw,
ing one to the ground ; a flat roof, plat-
form, terrace; the upper part, the surface
of anything ; a plane; — satki tamashd-
khdna, The pit in a theatre (m.c.) ; — eathi
ttamin. The surface of the ground ; the
floor;— sathi mnhaddah, A convex plane ; —

( 682 )

sat hi muqa'arr, A concave plane ; — sathi
mustadir, A rounded plane ; — sathi mustawi,
A level plane.

a (j** 1 - sathi, Superficial, flat.

Ajk» gatr (v.n.), Delineating; writing;
cutting with a sword; a row, line, series,
rank.

g csHjk. satrak, Zedoary.
a tjM) gatar-bandi, Ruling, writing,
lines.

ty*»j!°~« satarbiyun, = Q^jyL. q.v.
i\£jL, sitarkdh, Gum of the olive-tree.
a v»5jk« sutnrldb, An astrolabe.
g yjeijjk. satrurdyim, Pearl-ashes ; Satur-
nion ?

a gk»> (v.n.), Being raised (duBt) ;
diffusing itself (as a perfume, or the dawn) ;
radiance, light ; clapping (the hands) ; —
safa', The noise produced by the clapping
of hands ; length of neck.

a a>\.., tfn ,i sutwqedt, The elements.

a JW*. satl, A brass kettle : a vessel with
one handle used in baths, to pour water
upon the bathers ; a tall man ; — satli sha-
rahl, The kettle in which the dish shar&hi
is prepared (see o^/")-

a usilk. satlak (P. dim. of the preceding),
A small kettle.

a $o~> eatw (v.n.), Making an attack,
assaulting, overpowering ; extracting the
sperm from the matrix of a camel ; extract-
ing a dead child from the womb (which the
husband is allowed to do in case the mid-
wife be absent) ; going with long steps (a
horse); being plentiful (water).

a Sjia- safwat, Dominion, majesty, power,
authority, awfulness; an assault, attack.

A e>k- sutiih (pi. of sath), Flat roofs,
terraces ; surfaces.

a mtur (pi. of satr), Lines, rows.

a g^Ja- sutu' (v.n. of gia-), Being diffused
(the dawn or lightning), being scattered
(odours), being raised (dust).

a satih, Expanded ; lying upon the
back ; unable to rise quickly from weakness
or illness) ; killed ; name of a soothsayer
said to have had no bones in his body
except those of the head ; also —

a safihat, saflha, A leathern bag in

which travellers carry provisions.

a gu'&t (pi. of sa'i), Collectors of
legal arms, tithes, or other revenues.

a s^Iju. ga'ddat (v.n. of ■**--), Being happy,
blessed ; felicity, happiness, good fortune ;
prosperity ; — sa'ddati asli, Innate felicity ;
— sa'ddati jawid, Eternal bliss ; — sa'ddati
dunyd wa dkhirat, Happiness of this world
and the next.

a <-il*>>t sa'ddat-ittisdf, Possessed

of happiness, glorious, august.

a isW LSjjUt- sa'ddat-kjidna, Abode of
bliss, mansion of felicity, the royal palace.

a cyoU^ sa'ddat-furojfk, Resplendent
with happiness.

a u»«Aiu. sa'ddaUmdnus, Auspicious.

a uujW. sa'ddat-maddr, o^y* uu-jW
sa'ddat-maqrun, Most august or auspicious.

a wpoU- sa'ddat-war, Fortunate, happy.

a u»jU-> ga' ddat-sanj, ga'ddat-
mand, Happy, fortunate.

a ^jluJoUL. sa'ddatmandl, Felicity.

a jU- su'dr, Pangs of hunger ; ravenous
hunger.

A JU_ su'dl (v.n. of J*-), Coughing ; a
cough; — su'dli sd'il, A violent cough;-—
su'dli ydbis, A dry cough.

a si'dycd (v.n. of <j*»), Accusing
or informing against ; calumny, accusa-
tion ; collecting tribute or taxes ; being set
over others for collecting tithes, Ac. ; pay-
ing a part of his wages (a slave who is
working himself free) ; remitting to such
part of the price paid for him ; — si'dyat
Jcardan, To calumniate, to slander j to in-
form against.

A £«- sa'at, ai'at (v.n. of £-j), Being
large, ample ; amplitude, capacity, width ;
liberty, facility, opportunity, ability (of
doing anything) ; power, wealth.

y*~> sa'tar, A dildo, or artificial penis ; a
woman that lores a woman.

A sa'tar, Origany, marjoram.

j^jjj*- sa'tar-bdz, i^j)*— sa'tari, Lascivious
(woman), one who uses a dildo; the prac-
tice itself; — sa'tari kardan, To indulge in
the said practice.

a sa'd (v.n.), Being auspicious (the
day) ; felicity, happiness, prosperity ; a for-
tunate aspect of the stars ; proper name
(frequently in combination with other
nouns, as sa'du 'd-din, &c.) ; [sa'di asgiar,
The planet Venus ; — sa'di akbar, The most
fortunate of all the stars, The planet Jupi-
ter; — as-sa'ddn (du.), Venus and Jupiter;]
— su'd, Galangale.

a oju. sa'd-aiMar, Born under a
lucky star.

a sa'di, Surname of Maslabu 'd-

din, the celebrated Persian poet, author of
the Gulistan, Bostan, and other poems, born
in Shiraz 1175 + 1291 (so called after his
patrons Sa'd bin Zangi and Abu Bakr bin
Sa'd).

a sa'diyd, O Saadi !
a uw.a*~ sa'diyat, Auspiciousness, lucki-
ness, felicity.

a ^juu. sa'dain (obi. of dual of sa'd,
also used as nom.), Jupiter and Venus (see
as-sa'ddn under ■**-) ; — girdni sa'dain, Con-
junction of Jupiter and Venus.

a f- sa'r (v.n.), Exciting, kindling (war
or flame) ; running hot (combat) ; — si'r,
Price ; assize put upon provisions by the
magistrate ; — su'r, Heat ; madness, fury j
running (a camel) ; — sa'ir, Furious, enraged,
mad ; — su'ur, Pain, torment ; (pi. of su'dr),
fires, flames, heats.

sa'f (v.n.), Furthering, finishing

( 683 )

(anyone's business) ; merchandize, wares ; |
household furniture; — sa'af (v.n.), Crack-
ing ahout the nails ; a fissure in the nails ;
the outfit of a bride ; a distemper in camels
which makes the hair drop from the nose
or the eyelids.

a SS*- si'lat, A hobgoblin, a witch.

a su'la, A cough.

A. m'n, Fat of meat ; — m'n A large
leathern bag or bottle, cut in halves, for
holding wine, water, and the like, or serving
as cases in which a woman puts her work.

A si'w, An hour of the night.

A tn'ud (v.n. of •**->), Being bappy,
blessed with good fortune ; being favour-
able, auspicious (a constellation) ; (pi. of
ta'd) prosperities, fortunate circumstances ;
— m'udw 'n-nujiim, Ten stars, four of whicb
are mansions of the moon.

a Sjyu. su'udat, The lucky influence of
the Btars.

A sa'ut, su'ut, Medicinal snuff, a
sternutatory ; — su'wt (v.n.), Applying a ster-
nutatory.

a ^5*-. m'y (v.n.), Purposing ; endeavour,
purpose, design ; attempt, exertion, effort ;
walking, running ; gaining; collecting tri-
bute or taxes ; — sa'y Jcardan (namvdan),
To exert oneself, to make efforts.

a sa'id, Fortunate, happy, august ;
prosperous ; auspicious ; tipper Egypt.

a j\>i ^y— sa'y-dar, A striver.

Ajt*~ la'lr, A flaming fire ; a flame ; a
partition of hell; [askdbi m'lr, Idolaters;
— mustakaqqi sa'ir, Deserving of hell fire ;]
— su'air, Name of an Arabian idol.

a sa'lt, Tartar of wine ; dregs of
wine; aroma of wine, &c. ; a sharp pungent
scent.

£~ sagjt, An oblong arched edifice, por-
tico, gallery, or piazza ; a roof; a story; a
cow'B-horn ; excoriated skin ; — sugh, Ring-
worm (unsupported by examples).

a h\*~ saghalat, — s-*~ q.v.

iSSU-. saghdna, A cool, subterranean dwel-
ling.

a s-Am, saghb, saahab (v,n.), Hungering,
craviDg for food or drink ; hunger, thirst ;
— eagkih, Hungry, famished and tired.

a jt&~. sagM>af, A medicinal kind of wood
found on the shores of the Caspian Sea.

M- stigbba, Fat, greasy ; cheated ; (for
A. eagMia) hungry, famished ; thirsty
(rarely used in the latter sense); — tani
kjiwesh mgkba Jcardan, To allow one's body
to be made game of.

O saghbln, A kind of gum.

■**~> sughd, Ready ; bent with age ; low-
lying ground where rain-water collects ;
(S. sukia) name of a pleasant land in the
province of Samarqand, called bihishti dunyd,
Paradise of the world.

y**> sap&adu, The clank of a basin (— yt-
q.v.J ; — 8vgh.dii, A stuffed pudding.

Ik*

Ready, prepared (comp.

m~> sagjida,
sjJu.\ p. 57)_

(jjju sugkdi, Readiness ; meat dressed
with pease and prunes ; also with grapes,
kernels of nuts, spiceries, and sweet herbs ;
a pudding or sausage stuffed (with mush-
rooms) ; of or belonging to Sughd ; — -piri
sughdi, (met.) An old man who gives excel-
lent advice ; — lisani iug&di (or simply
sugkdi), One of the seven ancient dialects
of Persia, now lost.

ajUa*- saghdiydna, A capacious goblet,
from which a full bumper is drunk to a
friend's health.

Ayk~ sagM (v.n.), Rejecting, refusing,
repelling, driving away ; annihilating,
j*- sughar, sughur, A porcupine.
j>\ji-* sagkrdq, A flagon, a jug.
4Jj*~. su&karna, A grey porcupine; a
hedgehog,

sagfc/rl, The buttocks of a horse or
other beast of burden ; the crupper ; lea-
ther from a horse's back ; also from the
sides of a camel ; the skin of a certain fish,
shagrin; grimness.

^j,*-, sagkrl-posh, Saddle-cloth, hous-

ing.

a J*» sagJial (v.n.), Being small, slender,
and deformed; being badly fed, lean, and
haggard ; trembling ; — saghil, sagM> Small,
slender, and deformed ; emaciated and
wrinkled; tremulous, tottering; badly fed;
bad-tempered.

ua&Jui sagkaldi, saghaldt, = juSyu

q,v.

sagk.au, sagku, The ringing noise of a
large bason.

sughud, The bird called qata.
saf (abbreviation of or misreading for
sift), The shoulder ; — suf, A string of silk
or flax used in games and for skipping.

a tJu/ saff (v.n.), "Weaving, plaiting
palm-leaves into mats ; taking dry medi-
cines; skimming along the ground (a
bird).

a e^- sifah (v.n. 3 of £*-*)> Committing
fornication or adultery ; — saffdh, A shedder
of blood ; a giver of liberty ; liberal ; elo-
quent ; surname of the first caliph of the
house of 'Abbas.

a jUl. eif&d (v.n. of JA-), Mounting on
the female, covering (applied to goats,
camels, kine, wild beasts and birds).

g <j«j<ijU_ safddihm, The wild onion.

a sifar (v.n. 3 of yi~), Travelling with
others ; mediating, making peace between
others ; an iron or leathern curb across the
nose of a camel ; — saffar, A bookseller ; —
mffdr (pi. of sdfir), Travellers.

jUu sufdr, Eye of a needle ; the notch of
an arrow which receives the bowstring (see

; u r)-

A EjU~. safdrat, si/drat (v.n. or ;*-),
Making peace (between others), acting as

a mediator ; apostle-ship
— sufdrat, Sweepings.

( 684
embassy (m.c.) ;

aU\i.vaj\t^ sifdrat-khdna, Embassy (m.c).
JijU- sifarish (for gipdrish), Commission,
recommendation; message (m.c); — sifar-
ish namudan ba, To commit or entrust to.
^j^- Hajari, The stalk or reed of corn.
a gaffah, A shedder of blood ; elo-
quent, a powerful speaker.

A JU- safdl (v.n. of J 4 *-), Being low ;
lowness ; depression, descent, fall ; mean-
ness of rank or extraction.

JU- e-ifal, svfdl, Earthenware ; a sherd ;
skin of a walnut, almond, &c.

J^ji eifal-posh, Glazed (m.c).

JU* sifdl-pdra, A pot-sherd.
a ii\ju. eafalat (v.n, of J 4 -], Being mean,
low in rank ; meanness, baseness ; — also
sufdlat, The lower part, bottom,

£W J^ 4 - sifal-chiragk, A lamp-dish
(m.c).
j§3\i~. iifdlgar, A potter.
.VjSlt* sifalad, = JU* q.v. (unsupported
by examples).

jjjy^-. safdlilnl, Cephalonia (m.c).
ei\&~, safala, Sofala (an island) ; a tile ; —
eifdla, sufdla, A sherd ; a sickle.

y*5U~ sijalin, Made of earth, earthenware,
crockery ; a potter ; — zarfi gafdlln, An
earthen vessel.

<uJl6~ sifdlina, Glass or earthenware.
a saffdn, Commander of a ship
(safinat) • a shipwright ; name of a place.
E U\4-, safdnaj, c^ul. sifdndkh, Spinage.
a sifdnat, The art of ship-building •
— saffdnat, A large pearl ; name of the
daughter of Hiitim Taiy.

u'U-, eafdni, Name of a plant.
a *U* safdh (v.n. of Being foolish ;
folly, stupidity.

a safdhat (v.n. of **-), Being sot-
tish, unwise, light, unsteady, hasty, incon-
siderate ; — safdhat kardan, To make a fool
of oneself (m.c).

a "ifcW. safdhatan, Foolishly, saucily.
y^VA- safdhaa, A comb.
a y?U- safti'in (pi. of safinaf), Ships.
a ut-i- soft (v.n.), Drinking a great quan-
tity without quenching thirst ; — sift, Pitch ;
— safit, Unwholesome meat.

<^A- sift, Coarse, thick, rude ; the shoul-
der ; — suft, Hard, stiff (linen cloth) ; firm,
strong; the shoulder; the upper part of
a man ; the eye of a needle ; bore, perfora-
tion.

euftdnidan, To cause to bore.
A ijp^U saftajai (v.n. of Giving a

bill of exchange or a letter of credit, paying
money to receive it with interest abroad ;
— suftajat, suftaja, A bill of exchange or
letter of credit ; notes.

suftgar, A borer of pearls.
0^4- siftan, To make thick, firm, strong
(unsupported by examples) ; (for siftin)

) A-

name of a country in Turkistan ; — suftan,
To bore, perforate, pierce, drill ; to be per-
forated ; to exude, trickle.

safta, A new or fresh word or work;
any person from whom a place has been
taken and another given him ; the point of
an arrow ; anything having a sharp point ;
a bill of exchange ; earnest-money, hand-
sel ; — eifta, Thick, coarse, hard, firm, strong;
a stiff kind of cloth; — sujta, Pierced,
drilled, bored; a gift; news, advice; an
ear-ring of gold or Bilver ; the point of an
arrow ; a consignment made by a person of
one country to another.

&ijL. sufta-goeh, A bored ear; one
bored in the ears, i.e. a Blave ; obedient,
submissive.

y«A- siftin, A country in Turkistan cele-
brated for the beauty of its youths and
girls, and for its exquisite musk {see
eiftan, which, however, is probably a mis-
reading).

*®}jr jg 4 "* safch, safeha, An un-

ripe pumpkin or gourd; a drinking-cup
made of the rind of a pumpkin;' must
boiled down to a third part of its quantity.

a ji- safh (v.n.), Pouring out, shedding
(water or blood) ; the foot of a mountain
(where water flows) ; flowing, causing to
flow (tears) ; name of a place.

JA- safad, A wicker basket ; — sifad,
Earth ; rue ; name of an angel ; name of
the twelfth month ; name of the fifth day
of the month.

a safr (v.n.), Breaking forth (light);
unveiling the face (woman) ; sweeping a
house ; writing ; — sifr, Anything written, a
letter, a book ; a volume, a register ; — safar,
A journey, travel; a warlike expedition;
[safar uftddan, To set out on a journey or
expedition ; — safari khushk, A journey un-
dertaken without motive or advantage ; —
safari dur-d-dur, A very long journey;—
safar ddshtan (raftan), To travel; — safari
daryd, A voyage ; — safar shvdan, To be at
war ; to be on the road ; — safari zafar-asar,
A victorious war safar kardan, To travel;
to empty, finish ; — safari vja-pasin, The
last journey, death ; — as-safar wasilatu 'z-
zafar, Travel is productive of advantage;
(valour in) warfare leads to victory; —
asbdbi (dlati) safar, Warlike apparatus;
travelling outfit ; preparations for a jour-
ney ; — i'ldni safar, Declaration of war; —
dor safar u hazar, In peace and war ; abroad
and at home ;] — sufar (pi. of sufrat), Tables;
provisions for the way.

/- sufur, sufar, A porcupine (see ;*-).

a Jj 4 -. sufara' (pi. of eafir), Ambassa-
dors ; mediators, arbiters, umpires ; — sufa~
rd'i khdrija, The foreign representatives,
the diplomatic corps (m.c).

eafrdd, The bird called qatd (un-
supported).

( 685 )

a ijA- safarat, safara (pi. of sdfir), Wri-
ters ; recording angels ; — svfrat, Travelling-
provisions (see a tyi~).

a safar-bar, Who undertakes a jour-
ney, ready to travel.

a J*-/- mfarjal, A quince.

a <i£ij J*/-* safarjal-rang, Quince-co-
loured.

a <j»-;A-» sufrachi, = ^S;*-* q.v.
a g/- safar-kharch, Travelling ex-
penses.

a ttjS safar-karda, Travelled, a tra-
veller ; experienced.

a <uU safar-ndma, A book or account
of travels.

safrang, Commentary, explanation.
safarna, A hedgehog ; a porcupine.

%>jyA- eafrod, The bird called ga/«.

syu sufra, Anything on or in which vic-
tuals are placed ; the wallet of «, religious
mendicant; provisions prepared "by men
of hospitality for strangers, travellers, and
the poor ; heaven, earth ; the buttocks ; —
Bufra'i ard, A cloth laid on the ground to
receive the flour as it comes out of the
mill ; — sufra'i dsmdn, The expanse of hea-
ven j — sufra dar diwdr dwekhtan (dar tdq
nihddan), To be miserly ; — sufra'i dauri, A
round table-cloth ; an entertainment of
friends given in turn ; — sufra'i shatranj, A
chess-board ; — sufra'i sham'ddn, A lamp-
dish; — sufra'i fasdhat, An eloquent tongue ;
compositions ; — sufra kashidan (gustardan,
gushadan, nihddan). To lay a table.

jta^i syw sufra-pardaz, A glutton.

t 'j*- swfra-jl, ^ syu. sufra-cki, A
table-decker, sewer.

f^^t^ »yL. svfra-chin, A remover or
spreader of the table-cloth.

ayu svfra-khdna. A dining-room, a
banqueting-hall (m.c),

p\j syu sufra-ddm, A large fishing-net.
syu Bufra-nisMn, A guest at table.

^yL. safari (vulg. safri), What refers or
belongs to a journey; travelling provi-
sions.

^yu safri-dm, A guava (Psydium pyri-
terum).

jLjl. sifsdr, A broker ; a money-changer
(see jVi^y).

a U^~A- Bttfidf, Corrupt, bad, sorry ; a
contemptible deed or transaction ; thin
dust; fine flour which flies about when
being sifted.

A bL soft (v.n.), Being liberal, humane ;
— Bafaji, A wallet, case, casket.

A sa/' (v.n.), Flapping the wings (a
bird) ; catching one by the forelock and
dragging him by it; scorching (as the sun,
hot wind, or fire), and changing the hue of
the face ; buffeting, striking; marking any-
thing.

a (Ji- safq (v.n.), Setting (a door) wide
open.

a >alA-. safk (v.n.), Shedding, pouring out
(blood, Ac.) ; being diffuse in speech ; —
safki dam (dimd), Bloodshed.

a JA~ safl, sufl (v.n.), Being low in rank
or station, plebeian, vulgar, or ignorant ;
meanness of origin; depression; lowness ;
refuse; inferior, mean, ignoble.

a aU~ siflat, sifla, Lowness ; the common
people, the rabble; — safilat, The feet of
camels.

a 4i^U« siflagdna, In a mean manner,

a ^U*. siflagi, Stinginess, meanness.

yVSU- siflagdn (pi. of sifla). Low, base,
ignoble ; avaricious, stingy ; envious.

aj }} i <5ia— sifla-parwar, A protector or
patron of the ignoble.

a j*- Ala- sifla-kho. Mean-spirited, of a
base disposition, vile.

a £<A Ali- sijia-tab', ^ sifia-nihdd, Of
a mean nature or disposition.

a ^oaliu siftaddn, A plate to throw scraps
ou.

a J^A- mfla, (fem. of asfal), Lower,
lowest ; — yadi sufia, The lower, i.e. receiving
hand.

l _ 5 to~ sufli, An iron pot with open mouth.

a sufli, fem. gufliyat, sufliya,

Inferior, lower ; mean ; infernal ; — 'ulwi u
sufli, High and low ; — 'andsiri sufliya, The
inferior elements (earth and water).

a uuLUl, sufliydt (pi. fem. of sufli),
Earthly matters ; tbings of little value.

yoJuL, $iflidan, To whistle ; to break
wind ; to blow a flute ; to compress ; to
pierce ; — suflidan, To cough, sneeze.

lj~eiA-> suflls, = q.v.

a safn (v.n.), Peeling, abaving,

scraping, planing, filing ; sweeping ; — safari,
A hatchet, &c, used in smoothing an arrow ;
the skin of a Lybian lizard used as sand-
paper, or of a crocodile to cover therewith
the hilts of swords ; — eufun (pi. of safinat),
Ships.

&^J>~. safanja, Rest, quiet ; a water-melon.

■xii- sifand, Wild rue or the seed.

j^joA-. sifanddrmuz, Earth ; name of an
angel ; the sign Pisces ; name of the twelfth
month ; the fifth day of the month.

a saffud, A roasting-spit.

a i_ijA~. safuf, (A medicine) taken simply
(not mixed, in opposition to an electuary) ;
powder.

a u^UyL. safufdt (pi. of the preceding),
Medicinal powders.

a yyu. safun, Sweeping (wind).

a 44- safah, Curse ; obloquy ; silliness,
foolishness.

jlju safed, White, fair ; clear, evident,
man i lest ;~-safed ddshtan, To long after,
love ; — safed shud, It became clear, evident ;
— safed kardan, To whiten ; — safed garddn-
idan, To cause to turn pale (as fear, &c.) ;
— ru-safed garddnidan, To render illus-
trious ; to cleanse one's character.

Ju. ( 686 )

^xA» gafedd, "White-lead.

sA safed-ab, glJu4*» safeddj, A white
wash used by ladies; whitewash, whiting;
white lead ; — gafed-abi ghaikh, Flake-white.

j\a<Jla gafedar, The white poplar ; aspen.

±>A~\ ^j4«, gafed igfand, White mustard.

<J^J\juA- safeddlcha, A kind of shawL

j*T mfed'oihu, (white doe) A mis-
tress captivating the heart.

^ a^a- eafed-ba, A kind of white soup
made with curds, to which are added meat
and spinach.

OeA- gafed-bari, (yellow-leaf) Autumn.

aj» a^, gafed-band, "With white sashes ;
with white flags.

ji AtA- gafed-par, (white-wing) A large
gnat.

<£\S AtkM gafed-tdk, Galangale.
y;^. gafedtar, Whiter.
(^yiXjAM. wfedtarin, Whitest, exceedingly
white.

jU. gafed - khdr, White -thom; a

bramble.

a C}) >»**■• eafed-ruh, Mercury, quicksilver ;
a mixture of copper and tin.

•>jy -V- gafed-rHd, Name of a river.

wH) ***"* tafed-riah, A grey-beard, old man.

oj VL. gafed-zad, A mixed metal.

.iijke/L. gafedak, Somewhat white, whitish.

JS jua. gafed-Jcdr, A good (white ) action ;
whitewashes one who smears the lime-
white over buildings.

juu gafed-kdsa, Generous, liberal.

j£\JU safedgar, A tinman, whitesmith.

^gjS" gafed-goy, Outspoken, open in
one's speech.

\jkm gafed-muhra, A small white
shell of the kind called concha veneris, or
mother-of-pearl .

U-XtA-. mfidan, To bore, to pierce.

jtjxJL. gifldydr, Isfandyar, son of Gusht-
asp.

5J*A- gafeda, Chalk, whiting; — safeda'i
tufchmi murgk (or simply gafeda), The white
of an egg ; — gafeda'i chaskm, The white of
the eye (com p. siydha'i ehathm under <&aW~).

^A^i*. eafedi, Whiteness; — safedi zadan,
To appear white, to cast a white gleam
(m.c.) ; — ru ba-safedi nihadan, To turn
white, become pallid, to blanch.

a j-a- saflr, A dry and fallen leaf carried
by the wind ; an ambassador, internuncio ;
a mediator, arbiter ; a broker ; [safiri kablr
(kalan), Ambassador (opp. to resident
minister, m.c.) ;] — eaffir, A sapphire.

a l=-4- saftt, Liberal, benign, humane ;
low, mean, worthless ; an unripe date fallen
from the tree.

a. i-A-A- safif (v.n. of <-A-»), Passing,
skimming along above the surface of the
ground (a bird) ; the girth of a camel's
saddle ; name of a plant.

a l!j «iu» tafin (pi. of eafinat), Ships ; name
of a place.

a saflnat, safvna,- A ship, vessel,

bark, boat ; a book ; a note-book ■—safina'i
darya,, A sea-faring ship ; — safina'i nuh,
Noah's ark.

A <s*A~. safih, Foolish, silly, stupid, idiotic ;
ignorant ; — gafya (for safyctt), Stupidity,
foolishness ; foolish, silly, helpless \—saf-
ya'i rozgdr, A fool of fortune ; one who
fools away his days.

« i^v^~ safihl, Madness, stupidity, inso-
lence.

a etit- siqd', A leathern bottle for water
or milk, made from the skin of a two-year-
old sheep ; — saqqd', Carrier or vendor of
water ; a cup-bearer ; — saqqd'inil, A cloud j
— murghi saqqd, A pelican.

a t ij?-^- taqdchi, A goldfinch.
a suqdt (pi. of gdql), Water-carriers;
cup-bearers.

a gaqdt, A sword cutting through
anything so as to fall to the ground, or to
cut into a second object; — siqdt (v.n. 3 of
1*-), Being languid ; a blunder, a mistake
(in arithmetic, writing, &c.) ; — suqdt, Any-
thing fallen ; the lowest of the people; —
saqqdt, A sword as described above ; a ped-
lar, a dealer in small goods; — mqqdt (pi. of
gdqit), Falling, Ac.

a gliu siqd', The rein-ring in a camel's
nose ; a garment of shreds and patches ;
the habit of a religious mendicant ; a kind
of veil.

& y^yjUw gaqdqulue, Numbness of the
limbs.

a J^*-» eaqqdl, A polisher, a furbisher.
a &i&&>~ gaqdlibat, gaqdliba (pi. of saqlabi),
Sclavonians.

A ,»l&"> saqam, gaqdmat, Sickness ; —

siqdm (pi. of eaqim), Sick people, invalids ;
— rnqdm, Name of a. valley .

a i>U» giqdyat, Giving to drink; a cup,
drinking- vessel ; — siqdya'i hdjj (hdj), Water
furnished to the pilgrims.

a <SJV*- siqdya-khdna, A public build-
ing where water is dispensed, water-works.

a s-»i- saqb, The male foal of a camel ;
the pole of a tent ; anything long ; — saqab
(v.n.), Being near, nearness ; a near sta-
tion.

a yu sogr, The heat of the sun, or incon-
venience of it ; scorching the face (sun) ;
a falcon for hunting ; — saqar, Hell, name of
a mountain at Mecca ; — ndri saqar, Hell-
fire.

a U^s- suqrdt, Socrates; wise, learned.
g^M^u gaqratiyitn, Mushrooms, fun-
guses.

(ityL. aaqrdq, A jug, a pitcher.
■/>~ saqiz, Sakis (Mastic Island) ; mastic
(see ji-) ; — gaqizi talkfe, Turpentine.

a uuSSjS- saqirldl, Warm woollen cloth,
purpet ; broadcloth.

3yi LSji-i Baqirldt-doz, Who makes scarlet
dresses.

( 687 )

u*ft/~* saqrlnm, A scorpion,
tiht— saqsin, Name of a country in Turki-
atan.

a lA. iagif, An abortion ; sparks struck
from a steel ; the ]ower part or edge nearest
the earth (of clouds, tents, or -wings of
birds); a sand. heap; — saqat, An error,
fault, blunder, mistake (in computation,
writing, or speaking) ; disgrace, ignominy ;
a fall; death; abuse, bad language ; small
wares or damaged goods ; rubbish ; excre-
ment ; — eaqat shtcdan, To die (applied to
animals) ; to miscarry, to cast their young ;
— saqat guftan, To talk rubbish or ribaldry ;
to revile, to abuse.

A saqtat, A fall, slip, stumble, false
step; detriment.

a tw saqat-chin, Who collects rub-
bish.

a Uu. eaqai-faroeh, A pedlar.

a saqU-ndma, A casualty-list of

horses that have died in the cavalry.

a ga* $aq' (v.n.), Striking a hard body ;
going away (no one knows whither) ; — suq',
A shore, coast, tract ; the bottom or the
environs of a well.

a <-6S- saqf (v.n.), Covering in, roofing
(a house) ; a roof ; a platform ; the sky ,■ —
taqfi aiwaii (ja.hdn), The world ; — saqfi
Ufia/na, Roof of a house, ceiling : — saqfi
lajaward {mihnat-tdy, mini). The sky ; —
saqfi mm-JsAana, A vaulted roof; the sky.
(Construed with the verbs bar-khd^tan,
har - ddshtan, darldan, shikdftan, nigun
shtidan) ;] — saqaf, Being long and bent (as
an ostrich) ; — suqaf. Name of a place ;~
iuquf (pi. of saqif), Roofs ; (for utquf) a
bishop.

a «-*&. saqf-iAdna, The loft ot a
house.

a (jAl., saqfi, A beam, rafter.

a euqwq, Whisperers, slanderers.

saqlab, Selavonia; (probably for
q.v.) a beaver.

a ui>N£*» saqalldi, saqaldt, saqallat,
saqaldt, Scarlet cloth ; — eiqldt, siqillat (for
tijlat), Jasmine ; the covering, awning, or
canopy over the camel-litter in which the
Eastern ladies travel.

'i&JL. saqlafa, Scarlet cloth.

(jj^LUa^ eaqldt&n, & Jr& li~ saqldtm, Name of
a city in Rum where scarlet cloth is made ;
scarlet cloth or a dress made of it ; accord-
ing to others, blue ; colour.

B^i* saqldn, Cloth (unsupported by ex-
amples, perhaps misreading for «>!)*-.).

a (ji-lA- saqlabi, A Sclavonian,
saqlis, = (j~e*i-. q.v.

(jjy^UL. saqlinun, Seolopendrium (see
tr-ItU-.^ p. 58).

a saqam, euqm (v.n.), Being indis-
posed.

Wj**-* snqmUniyd, saqmuniya (G. o-Ka/i-
jiwviov), Scammony ; soap.

t>*-« saqan, Juice of dates.

ij~as&» saqanqus, j y uiU saqa/nqur, A species
of newt or spawn of the crocodile burrow-
ing in the sand (when held in the hand it
is said to be a stimulative to venery) ; a
skink.

o <tyjo,yL, mqurdiyun, Water-germander.

a WjS-, saqut, Falling, fallen ; — suqut (v.n.
of S>i-), Falling ; dropping (a colt) ; abor-
tion ; — mquti ja/n, Prolapsus of the upper
eye-lid (med.) ; — suquti sha'r, Fox-evil,
baldness ;— suquti-muzhgdn, Falling of the
eye-lashes.

a jtjB« saqutar, The plant from which
aloes is produced ; also —

a »jS=^al saqutura, The island whence the
best aloes (called sabri saqutarl) is brought.

A «Jj4~ swquf (pi. of saqf), Roofs of
houses.

a (jS-, saqy (v.n,), Watering; irrigating;
having the dropsy ; yellow water gather-
ing in the belly at delivery, liquor amnii ;
traducing, slandering ; — siqy, Water either
for drinking or irrigation ; watered ground ;
a skin containing yellow water which comes
out at delivery.

a W*- euqyd, A shower ; a portion of
water.

st V>j ^a- saqi ragMd, The herb polypody.
saqirUs (G. <r«tppos), A hard swell-
ing, scirrhus.

a saqif., Snow; hoar-frost, hail, dew;
deficient in intellect.

A &t£* saqtfai, saqlfa, A broad plank, a
slab ; a high bench for reclining upon
before the doors or under the porticos ; —
saqlfa baeian (sdkhtan), (met.) To speak
falsehoods.

saqild, saqildn, Name of a

mountain in Rum.

saqim, Sick, infirm, ailing ; of little
authority, apochryphal.

sik, Vinegar ; — suk, Sadness ; the
musk gall-apple.

a vd— sakk (v.n.), Overlaying (a door)
with broad iron plates, or studding it with
huge nails, by way of security ; eradicating
the ear ; casting forth the contents of the
belly (an ostrich) ; a nail; a narrow- mouthed
well ; a coat of mail formed of close rings ;
— sukk, A scorpion's hole; a narrow- mouthed
well ; a spider's den ; a certain aromatic
composition formed into pastiles ; a closed-
up road ; (pi. of asakk) small-eared, deaf.

irAC suJcdb, Musk-water.

eukdcha, The nightmare ; a porcu-
pine ; litigious, quarrelsome.

jlX- sakdd, Mountain-top ; crown of head.
jlC sakdr, sikdr, sukdr, Bread of the
finest flour baked with butter and sugar,
usually given in presents on New Year's
Day ; thin paste, between the folds of which

( 688 )

plume or apples are put, making a kind
of puff ; charcoal ; a live coal ; a firebrand.

A eakkdr, A maker or vendor of date-
wine, mead, and the like, called sakar.

1g>*>\ sukdr-dhanj, A hook with which
the bread is drawn from the oven and
meat from the pot.

eakdrcha, Foolish, ignorant.

■yVS— sakdru. Mouldy ; — sukdru, A cake
made of fine flour, milk, butter, and sugar ;
bread baked or meat roasted on the ashes,

\y sukar-wa, Bread baked upon the
coals or under the ashes.

iS^" sukari, A cake made of flour, milk,
butter, and honey.

A JyVX- sukara (pi. of sakran), Drunk.

gukdsta, snkdsa, A porcupine,

hedgehog.

A <*mSL* gakdsik, A tribe in Yaman.

(j^sa^ sikaehtan, To hold forcibly (doubt-
ful word).

sukdsMa, 4*l£- gukasha, A porcu-
pine, a hedgehog.

a >_AC sakkdf, A boot or shoemaker.

A sikdfat, Trade of a shoemaker.

V^"* mkdfara, sukdfa, Bow of a

violin.

sukak, A board or plank (doubtful,
perhaps misreading for Jlx- q.v.).

a cs)l£» gakkdk, A cutler.

a (j^VC gakkate, Business of a cutler ;
cutlery ; surname of Abu. Ta'qub, author
of the Miftahu '1-uliim, who, in popular
estimation, has become a great magician.

a (jei'UL. sakdkin (pi. of eikkin), Knives.

a ^-e^. gakkdkini, A cutler.

J^- zikdl, Thought; who wishes or in-
quires after; a speaker; conversation.

yiJl£~ gikdluh, Thought, reflection ; in-
tention, purpose, wish.

jJl£~ tukdlu, Bread or meat dressed upon
the coals,

gukdla, Dung (of dogs).

(jjJkeJIXw gikdlldan, To think ; to suspect ;
to speak ; to wish ; to write.

jJ^-> mkdlyu, = q.v.

A gakkan, A cutler, knifemaker ; —
sukkdn, A rudder, helm of a ship ; (pi. of
sdkin) inhabitants ; — eukkdni farshi, All
creatures.

aytf e)bC~ sukkdn-glr, eukkdni, A

helmsman ; the quartermaster of a ship.
gikawand, A nut hard to crack.
sikahan, A black tincture composed
of the rind of pomegranates, vinegar, iron,
and other ingredients, used chiefly by
shoemakers.

a gakb (v.n.), Pouring out (water) ;
poured out, flowing, current ; a kind of
garment ; tall (man) ; quick-going, fleet
(a horse) ; light, brisk, joyful ; name of
the first horse possessed by Muhammad;
— gakab, Name of a fragrant tree ; the ane-
mone.

sik-bd, A. bW£~ gikbaj, A dish made
of meat, wheat-flour, and vinegar ; — sikbaju
'l-baqar, A dish made of beef thuB pre-
pared.

aakba, Mixture of oil and butter-
milk.

a g gakbinaj P. &s -t*£~ sakbina, Saga-
penon, a medicinal herb ; also gum Arabic.

a gakt (v.n.), Keeping silence ; sub-
siding (of anger).

a sikkat, A ploughshare ; a wide and
straight street ; a market ; a row of palm-
trees ; a die for coins, a stamp.

a saktat, gakta, Silence ; apoplexy ; a
trance ; — sakta'i balffyimi. Serous or asthe-
nic apoplexy ; — sakta'i damawi, Sanguineous
or sthenic apoplexy; — gakta'i riyah, Pul-
monary apoplexy ; — sakta'i ma'i, Serous
apoplexy ; — sukta, Anything producing or
imposing silence ; fruit or playthings to
pacify children.

a jj <vsi~i $akta-war, Apoplectic.

gUiC eaktiydn. Leather.

e^- sakij, Dried currants.

*J*«t£- sik-khdna„ A wine-shop, tavern.

Aj£- 8akr (v.n.), Pilling; damming up
(a river) ; — sikr, A mound or dyke for
confining water, a dam; — sukr, Drunken-
ness ; wine, or whatever is intoxicating ; —
sakar, Any inebriating or forbidden drink,
especially wine from dates or the plant
kushus; drunkenness produced thereby;
vinegar ; food, victuals ; fulness of the
stomach, repletion; rage, anger; — sukkar,
Sugar ; an excellent sort of date ; a delicious
kind of grape ; — sukkari tnukarrar, Sugar-
candy.

j£- sukar, A saucer ; a hedgehog, porcu-
pine.

A ul>\j£- gakardt, Agony, fainting ; — gate-
rait maut, The agony of death ; insensibi-
lity attendant upon death.

a sakran, fem. iJ\j£» sakrdnat, sak-
rana, Drunk; — gakardn (v,n, of }*U), Being
drunk ; subsiding, becoming calm (wind).

a sukkar-pira, eMj£- sukkar-pin,

Marchpane.

a sakrat, Drunkenness, insensibility ;
the agony of death ; pang of sorrow, depth
of woe ; — sakirat, sakira, A drunken woman.
sukracha, A saucer; a measure.

^.jUjSU. sakarfdnidan, To commit a
crime ; to fold together ; to be haughty,
insolent ; to pour out drink.

s-vi/L. eakarfanda, Tripping, stumbling.

yj^C sakarfidan, To stumble (a horse).

a sukurlca, A beverage made from
millet, used in Abyssinia.

sukra, sukara, sukkari, An earthen
dish, a saucer.

a sukkarin, (Made) of sugar, su-

gared.

y^- sakiz, Mastic ; — sikiz, A carpenter's
hatchet.

( 689 )

t )i~> sakkiz, Eight.

sakza, A sigh; a sharp-pointed
arrow (see ojS- and *>£-) ; — eikiza, Con-
tention, combat.

(4)i- sate, One of the seven dialects of
Persia now lost (see ^sjZ-)-

t )i ■>k)£~ sakizlldiz, A constellation formed
by eight stars and considered most unlucky
by the Persians.

yJ^C sukustan, To be broken or torn
up.

g U J C swksuk, Swift (horse) ; a horse
going quick with a jolting trot ; the noise
made with the feet ; rough ground ; a tree,
the fire of which will burn for a week.

sakeaka, Hiccough ; — saksaka kar-
dan, To have the hiccough.

L j£-£-. suksuki, Palpitation of the heart.

iij^uX. sakewmhuya, Name of a medicine,
— q.v.

A sak' (v.n.), Taking (any place) for
one's abode and residence ; going no one
knows whither, wandering about in bewil-
derment; amazement, stupefaction; — saki',
Foreign, strange'; — mqa', Astonished, be-
wildered, stupefied.

a usii- sakak, Smallness of the ear stick-
ing close to the head ; deafness, obstruc-
tion of the ear ; — sikak (pi, of sikkat), Wide
streets.

(?), A small offence.

(?), Bereft, childless ; parentless.

a sakn (pi. of eakin), Inhabitants,
the people of a house ; — sakan, A dwelling,
abode, residence ; fire ; repose, quiet, any-
thing conducive to it ; domestic comforts,
as wife or children ; a blessing ; pity, com-
passion ; name of a man.

a <.UC sukana (factitious pi. of sdkin),
Inhabitants.

a i^>L£» sakandt (pi. of the following),
Bests, pauses.

a kx- saknat, A rest, pause (especially
in reading the Qur'an) ; the quiescence of
a letter ; the place where the neck joins the
head ; — sdkanat, sakana (pi. of sdkin), In-
habitants ; — sakana' 'i $ahra, Dwellers in the
desert, inhabitants of the fields ; trees,
grass, and the like; — sakana'i 'alam, Inha-
bitants of the world, creatures ; — sakana'i
Mnun, Charcoal.

$>*~ saknaj, A kind of bitumen brought
from Syria ; — sakunj, sukunj, A fetid smell
from the mouth ; one who has fetid
breath ; — sikunj, A cough ; shaving, scrap-
ing ; a bite, a sting.

I^aS^ sikanjdnidan (caus . of »^^~) ,
To cause to cough, &e.

A sakanjabm (for P. t£tn£i£~

q.v.), Oxymel.

jjAj^sL sikinjidan, sikunjldan, eikanju
dan, To cough ; to take up with the tips of
the fingers ; to nip, pinch ; to bite, to sting ;
to smooth, to scrape.

sikand, Venery.
jOiX- sikandar, Alexander ; two princes of
this name are much celebrated in the East,
both distinguished by the title of zu 'l-qar-
nain, Having two horns (of the world),
implying that they conquered the globe
from east to west ; the first supposed to be
one of the most ancient kings ; the other,
Alexander of Macedon, also called Bin Pili-
kus (son of Philip), and Rumi (the Gre-
cian) ; hanging the head (a quadruped
whose fore-legs are short) ; a trip, a
stumble ; standing on the head (a mounte-
bank's trick or boy's game) j — sikandar
khwurdan, To trip, stumble ; to cut a sum-
mersault (see <aUi» and (jl*-).

JiL»- j***- sikandar-mahdjU, To whose
court assemblies throng as to Sikandar' s.

sikandari-khymr, Apt
sikandarl kjiteurdan,

to

To

stumble.

trip, to stumble.

djjAxC sikamdariya, Alexandria.

sikangubln, Oxymel.
a sakana, see A, .
<s^i- sikana, A wimble, auger, gimlet.
a Jj^-t suknd, A residence, habitation ; —
suknd ddshtan, To reside.

eako, suko, A sofa, settle, bench, gar-
den-seat ; — «tfcu, A wooden fork with several
prongs or branches, with which corn is agi-
tated that the wind may clear it of the
chaff ; a broom, besom.

sik-wd, A dish of vinegar, meat, and

flour.

sakwdn, Name of a city in India.

\*y£~> sukubd, \*^~> sukupd, A bishop,
presbyter ; name of the founder of a Chris-
tian convent.

a >j* s i~. sakfd, Quiet, silent, taciturn
(man) ; — sukut, Silence, quietness ; peace ;
dying, expiring, death ; — sukiit kardan, To
be silent (m.c).

a.j£«, sukilra, An earthen dish.

iJIajJCi sukushak, Lightning, thunderbolt.

a cy*— sakun, Name of a tribe in Yam&n ;
— sukun (v.n. of (^~>), Being still, quiet,
fixed; tranquillity, rest, peace (construed
with the verbs fmridan, baslan, giriftan,
&c.) ; quiescence of a consonant, the mark
jazmah (-i ) ; a mute ; cessation ; residence,
dwelling ; firmness, constancy ; — sukun u
jumbish, Rest and motion.

a OijSL. sukunat, Dwelling, habitation,
residence ; rest, tranquillity, contentment ;
— sukunat warzidan, To dwell.

eukohanj, A triangular thorny
plant ; a stick, straw.

a « <i m-jyU. sakunat-dih, "Rest-giver,"
peace-bestower.

sakm, A sofa, bench, garden-seat ;
a platform (m.c.) ; a pier (m.c).

iijjSL. sakwina, A sort of gum.

a gikka, A die for coining; rule,

<*C- ( 690 ) ^JL.

law, regulation ; dress, costume ; — sikka
kjiwurdan, To be coined ; — eikka zadan
(kardan), To strike coins, to coin, to mint •,
— sikka'i mardi, The beard as sign of
manliness ; — sikka nishdndan (nih&dari), To
coin ; to make current or saleable ; — sikka'i
nav-bahdr, Ternal blossoms ; — nuqra'i bl~
eikka, Silver in ingots (m.c).

a <UU. eikka- k^dna, A mint.

a j!j AC eilcka-dar, Having power of coin-
ing, i.e. an independent sovereign ; coined.

a 4X» sxkka-durnsi, Upright,

Btrai ghtf orward .

. a lT^j 14 iikka-durustl, Honesty, up-
rightness.

a iwj <x£w sikka-zada, Coined.

a ^ sikka-riipiya, A rupee of

full 'weight.

a t)j <sX- zikka-zan, Coiner, master of the
mint.

t saki, An elevated bench, platform.

a m.-. C sukait, Name given to the last
horse in a race of ten ; — sikkit, Very silent,
taciturn, reserved.

a^sC sikkir, Very drunken, always
drunk.

siklro, Skyros (m.c).
siklz, Malignant, wild, fierce, vicious ;
a young unbroken horse ; a kicker, jumper ;
a kick ; a blacksmith's forge, furnace.

Q\)t£~. sikizdii, Cantering, or kicking
(horse).

sjj^siC sikizanda, Kicking, rearing.

sikiza, Kicking (horBe) ; a gallop,
canter ; a broil, a quarrel.

Q&iysi,^ siklzidan, To gallop ; to be obsti-
nate, refractory, vicious, to spring or prance
backwards and forwards ; to kick ; to tread
(as a cock) ; — bar-siklzidan, To gallop, &c.
(= the simple verb).

sakela, A sort of iron ; hiccough.

A rikten, A knife.

a iuX- saklnat, sakina, Tranquillity of
mind, repose ; the presence of God dwelling
in a mysterious manner in the ark of cove-
nant ; female proper name (m.c.) ; — mkai-
nat, A she-ass ; name of the gnat that
entered the nostril of Nimrod and caused
his death ; name of the daughter of Husain,
granddaughter of 'Ali; name of one of
Muhammad's companions.

< u .£„ siMna, A wimble, auger, gimlet.
sag (S. svan), A dog; — vagi db-glr,
A water-lizard ; — sagi ablaq (spotted dog),
Time, fortune ; — sagi buzina, A dog where-
on a mountebank's monkey rides ; — sagi
pd-so&Ata, A roamer, a loafer ; — sagi tdzi,
A greyhound ; — sagi chdr-chashm, A dog
with an eye-like black spot over each eye ;
— sagi k£amosh-gir, A dog who attacks
people without barking ; — sag dar posht
(nosh, which is probably a misreading)
ddshtan, To be injurious, obnoxious, de-
praved ; — sagi daryd, An otter ; — sagi dutji-

bdla-kash, A dog who trails his tail, a per-
son who is at ererybody's service, a servant
of all work (proverbial) ;—sagi dlwdna, A
mad dog, rabid ; — sagi ruyi yakh. A person
who runs everywhere he is sent, and does all
he is bid to do ; — sagi shikari, A hunting-
dog ; — sagi ghafil-gir, A dog who attacks un-
awares ; — sagi kujdst, Whence does the dog
hail ? (a proverbial expression of contempt) ;
— sag-bush marg kardan, To torment, to kill
in a cruel manner ; — sagi lawand, A buf-
foon of one of the kings of the Safawi
dynasty ; — sag nishinad ba-jd'i kalbi 'aqur,
(met.) Instead of the tyrant a worse tyrant
has come ; — sagi harza-maras, A roamer, a
loafer ;—sagi har-suwdr, (met.) Who asso-
ciates with anybody.

v*t sagi do, sag-ab, ^ <&. sagi

dbi, sag-dbi, A beaver.

o?^- sagdbi. The castor or beaver.

jVC sigdr, Unlucky, disastrous ; (from
Fr. or E.) a cigar (m.c.) ; — sigdr kashidan,
To smoke a cigar (m.c).

&^)\$L» sagdrcha, Stupid, ignorant (doubt-
ful).

jy^L, sagdrii, = jy^» q.v.

Oju^** ^agdrun, A porcupine.

u><SL, sigdf, Burnt silver ; a cocoon of the
silkworm.

sigdl, Thought ; hatred, enmity ; a
word, saying ; calumny ; a speaker; a singer ;
[zabdni sigdl, Nightingale ;] — sugdl, A
board.

ylSVC sigdlish, Thought ; controversy,
litigation, altercation ; enmity ; evil-speak-

4J\S~> sagdla, Spurred rye (m.c. from Pr.
seigle) ; — sagdla, sugdla, Dung of dogs.

yiijlSL. sigdlidan, To think ; to speak
traducingly of the absent, meditate mis-
chief, resolve to injure ; to deceive ; to
speak ; to warble, sing.

8.ieH£- sigdlida, Thoughtful.

<$&~ sagdn (pi. of sag), Dogs ; — sagdni
dz, Greedy, worldly-minded people ; — sagdni
khaima'i dunyd, Worldlings.

sag-aiigur, Dogs-grape, night-
shade.

»jU y^M, sagdn-rndda, Bitches.

ii\£L. sigdna (for sih gdna), Triple, of
three kinds ; name of a village in Ghaznia.

jjj^C sagdwand; Name of a mountain
said to abound in dogs.

iJ\£~ sagd'i, The copulation of dogs.

jl} ^S- sag-bdz, A showman of performing
dogs ; a clever or sagacious dog.

yl^SL- sagbdn, A dog- keeper.

i^. sag-bacha, A whelp, a pup.

usi* — sagbastak, sagibastak, A sagacious
dog.

<uy^} sag-buzina, A dog with a mon-
key mounted on his back.

sagba, A dish made of butter and

milk.

s-X-, ( 691 ) Ju-

tfC sag-binaj, Sagapenum,
yUi-j »eC sajf-jjwfdw, Sebestens.
^jj *sC sag-puy, Sound of feet in walk-
ing gently at night ; one who walks gently ;
sound produced in sleeping.
(j>W. »iC sag-jdn, Dog-souled, malignant.
tiX~ aag-jigar, Gruel, inhuman.
sagcha, A little dog; a sagacious

dog.

44 *~' sag-ckihrahd, Crabbed (people).
<j£- sag-dil, Dog-hearted, fierce.
cjIajjX* sag-danddn, A canine-tooth.
^■i «s3C- sag-dauri; A fruitless running
about.

jlj <u\»j j tsSw sagi-diwdna-wdr, Like a mad
dog, rabid.

j*-- «aj(ar, Name of a city in the Deccan ;
— mgur, A porcupine.

sugurna, A porcupine.
sigz, A mountain in Zabulistan ; —
suguz, A porcupine (see^£~).
isj^j »aS». sag-ssacJo., A. son of a bitch.
yyL. sagzan, A sort of sharp-pointed
arrow; a broad-headed, pointless arrow,
with which boys learn to shoot.
(ij$L* snguzna, A porcupine (see *>j£~).
sagza, A sob ; a sharp-pointed

arrow.

jjSL. tigzi, A certain people residing near
the mountain Sigz ; surname of Rustam ;
name of one of the seven dialects of Persia
now lost.

yAjiS-. sigzidan, To commit a crime ; to
be folded.

yli-jj^L. sigztstdn, Siji&tan.
jLJL. sagsdr, Dog-like ; a species of
imaginary moriBter, with the head of a dog,
the yellow face of a dragon, the hair of a
goat, the ears of an elephant, and blue
eyes; a people with dog's heads and human
bodies ; a country inhabited by this people ;
avaricious ; worldly-minded ; a parasite.

yU-X. sagistdn, sigistan, Sijistan ; —
ngistan, A fruit like a plum.

;—£-> sag-ear, Dog-headed.

sageahi, A wrestling trick.

4»j-j~ mgsambuya, Seed of cinquefoil.

a sag-slrat, Doggish, churlish,

snappish.

<*iC gagak, A little dog; a species of
burr or prickly grass ; a kind of grappling-
iron,

u^f sag-kush, Dog-willow.

<_ 5 a£ iiC sag-kusM, A killing as one
would kill a dog (comp. sag-kush marg
kardan. under

y£ »i£_. sag-Jean, <^S-> sag-kanak (dim.),
The mandrake.

i^S sag-gazida, Bitten by a dog.
sagl, A kind of plant.

srtbfl* eagldb, sagldbi, A beaver.

(jjAs!^-' sagldbl-dan, To bark (as a dog).

y»S tiSU sag-Ids, An exhibitor of perform-
ing dogs.

jlS-. sagldv, ^ji^- sagldwi, A beaver.

g^lSL. saglidan, To sigh, to sob ; to
belch.

(&~ sagam, A cricket.

«oU <iS~ sag-m&da, A bitch.

<_s»U »sC sag-mdhi, A sturgeon.

ju* sag-manish, Churlish, currish.

a tf-i->sp&~ siganjaMn.. Oxymel.

i^xSL, saganja, Hail.

aagangur (for <*£■»), Night-
shade.

sugwdr, Mournful, afflicted (see

^UjC eugoshdk, Lightning, thunder-
bolt.

JjS- 8ugul, Gall-apple ; anything astrin-
gent or constipating.

h j£— eughar, Intelligent, sagacious;
elegant, accomplished, beautiful, virtuous.

(jS- sagl, Doggishness ; [sagi kardem, To
follow (as a dog); to be cruel;] — sigh
Wine.

44^4. s-igi-Jchdna, A tavern.

sagila, A sigh, sob ; a belch.

J-< sal, A raft ; a ship ; — til, Consump-
tion (comp. the following article) ; an In-
dian spear ; — sul (according to others Bull),
The lungs.

a J— sail (v.n.), Drawing one thing out
of another (especially a sword from the
scabbard) ; drawing out gently ; purloin-
ing ; — gill (in P. sil), still, Ulceration of the
lungs ; consumption ; a hectic fever ; — gull
(in P.), The lungs. (See preceding article.)
said. Song ; name of a singer.

a silab, A black mourning-habit.

g guldb, An astrolabe (see h^*)-

e^L. saldt, Name of a famous musician ;
a pot-licker.

ta^j-lL. saldjlt, A species of storax.

i saldjiqat, saldjiqua, The Seljukian
dynasty.

a sildh, Arms (especially sword,
mace, and stringless bow) ; armour, accou-
trement ; [sildli bastan, To arm oneself, to
put on armour, <fcc. ; — pur-sildh, Fully
armed or equipped ;] — suldh, Dung, excre-
ment.

a ^Jj} t^- sildh-barddr, An armour-
bearer, esquire ; an officer who has charge
of the armoury.

a r>» silah-basia., Clad in armour.

a cSu sildh-band, Armed, accoutred.

a vjfrji sildh-posh, Covered with ar-
mour ; one who is armed.

a (Jfc^ silah-poshi, The wearing of
armour, accoutrement.

a c^~* sildh-Jshana, Art arsenal, ar-
moury.

cS- sUdh-dar^ A sword-bearer, ea-

quire.

a, )U tS«- sildh-saz, An armourer.
I a jy* rA« sildhskor, A fencing-roaster;

A~ ( 692 ) s-Ju.

an armourer ; a breaker or trainer of horses ;
a gladiator (see

a salaha, The urine of a mountain-
goat, black and viscous like pitch, which
is gathered from the rocks.

a ^pX. sildhi, A sword or armour-bearer.

a fclL. sallaich, A skinner, a flayer.

jjisX. saldfchwur, = q.v.
_ u-j^** sildras (S. sila-rasa), Liquid storax ;
oil of cardamom.

A (_>A" aulas, Weakness of miud; insanity;
loss of intellect or sensibility.

a l~X. saldsat, Easiness, simplicity ; plain-
ness ; gentleness, urbanity ; ease, facility ;
evennesB, smoothness.

A saldsil (pi. of silsilat or sileiT),

Chains ; forked lightning; continuous light-
ning; clouds linked together like a chain ;
sands adhering together (opp. to shifting) ;
the lines of a book ; — suldsil, Limpid water
flowing down the throat ; mellow wine.

a salatat (v.n. of !=!—), Having a
sharp, piercing tongue ; being long-handed,
i.e., rapacious and oppressive ; sovereignty,
power, authority.

a (^-J=^- said tin (pi, of sultan), Kings,
princes, emperors, sovereigns, potentates ; —
saldtini bd tamkin, Mighty potentates.

a i (j^SL. salat'in-pasand, What de-
lights kings.

A cJSU. sultif, Juice which flows from the
grapes before pressure ; wine ; palpitation,
trembling of the limbs ; — mild/ (■pi. of salaf),
Predecessors, ancestors ; leaders of the
people.

a jX- sultiq, A tubercle on the tongue or
the gums ; efflorescence or pimples on the
body ; a hard substance forming on the eye-
lid and corroding the lashes ; the Feast of
Ascension.

^^-> saldk, An ingot of gold or of silver ;
hire, rent.

a sulalat, suldla, Whatever is ex-
tracted from anything ; Bperm, human seed ;
progeny, race.

a salalim, salulim (pi. of sul-

lam), Steps, ladders, stairs; — suldlim, Name
of a fortress at Khaibar.

A fX. salam (v.n. of fX~), Saluting, wish-
ing health or peace; peace, safety, salva-
tion ; freedom from vice or blemish ; a
salutation, greetings, compliments; fare-
well, goodbye ; compassion ; one of the
names of God ; name of a certain tree ;
[salami palla (tardzu), The sinking of the
scale ; — salami tu/atig (top), A signal-shot
to warn merchantmen that tolls are to be
paid ; — salami Mass, Levee (m.c.) ; — salami
dddan {zadan, kardan, gu/tan), To salute ;
to say goodbye ; — salami rustd'i bi-tam' nist.
The salutation of the rustic is not disin-
terested (proverbial) ; — salam 'alaikum,
Peace be with you (m.c.) ; — salam nishastan,
To sit in state, to hold a drawing-room

(m.c.) ; — salami nizatnt, A military salute
(followed by dddan, To fire a salute,
mm.cc.) ; — salam u paydm, Salutations and
kind messages ; — ddrti 's-ealdm, The abode
of peace, Paradise ; — madinatu 's-salam, The
city or peace, Baghdad ; — nahru 's-salam,
The river of peace, Tigris ; — wa 's-salam,
And so farewell, and now good-bye, adieu ;
and there is an end of it. The word is also
construed with the verbs burdan, rasdndan,
firistddan, giriftan, &c.;] — sildm (pi. of
salamat). Stones ; name of a river ; — sulam,
Name of a place; — salldm, Name of a man.

a ^WL. saldman, Name of a tree.

a <uU!L. saldmdna, A present on being
introduced to a superior (see ^yi-).

a 4-Sl. saldmat (v.n. of ^A-), Being secure
from danger, escaping from harm; salva-
tion, safety ; peace, rest ; health ; immunity,
liberty ; integrity ; construed with the verbs
bar-Jchdstan, chakldan, ydftan, &c. ; — said-
mat bash, Good cheer to you ! may you
prosper! (m.c.); — ba-saldmati lease khwut'
dan, To drink to one's health.

a ut-«5L, saldmat-anjdm, Conducing to
peace ; affectionate.

a jy ut~«X~, saldmat-rav, An economist.

a ^jjj ut~X. saldmat-rawi, Economy.

a is&^T ijw«Su. saldmat-kucha, A military
entrenchment.

a (j**^- saldmati, Safety, &c. (= ^) ;
a coarse cioth.

a (X. saldm-mufattih, (in the lan-
guage of Sodomites) The penis.

a saldmd, The south wind ; — salami,
A native of madinatu 's-saldm, i.e. Bagh-
dad ;— suldma, The bones (and a bone) of
the lingers and toes.

a <_5>»i~ salami, A salute of cannon ; a pre-
sent on being introduced to a superior;
earnest-money ; a free gift from a farmer
to government on taking lands, and from
the same to the Zamindiir to build his
house.

&sU. saldml-lchdna-bwri, A pre-
sent from the farmer to his landlord to
enable him to build his house.

a s-L- salb, salab (v.n.), Spoiling, seizing
by force ; putting on mourning clothes ;
haste, expedition; deprivation, denial, ne-
gation ; [salbi juz'i, A special or partial
negation ; — salbi kuUl, A general negation ;]
— salab, Rapine, plunder; anything taken
from an enemy (arms, clothes, &c.) ; spoil,
plunder, booty ; clothing, garments (conip.
It. roba, which also originally means " spoil,"
and is now used in the sense of " things,
clothes," &c.) ; stores, warlike provisions ;
the bark of a tree from which ropes are
made ; name of a tall tree ; [salabi firishta
ddehtan. To be clothed in green ;] — sulub
(pi. of sildb), Mourning-clothes.

(jjtJ— salbiiy, The sound produced in
walking.

( 693 )

■ taM, The sound produced in walking.
A salt (v.n.), Shaving (the head).
a Jl— eallat, sillat,Tbe drawing of a sword;
theft ; the pace or speed of a horse ; a
chest or press in which provisions or clothes
are kept.

a. siltim, A demon supposed to haunt
woods in a human shape ; a toothless camel ;
a year of scarcity.

a jrJ— salj (v.n.), Having a looseness from
eating the herb sullaj (camels) ; swallowing
(a mouthful) ; — sullaj, Name of herb on
which camels pasture.

tj*i- ealjuq, = q.v.

A ■■ ealjam, Long, tall.

yV~> saljan, Bitter words ; shaineless-
ness, effrontery.

jSj^l- saljuq, (jV-. galjuq, Name of the
founder of the Seljukian dynasty in Persia.

(jij*!-. saljuqi, Seljukian.

a (X* talk (v,n.), Voiding excrement;
arming one with a sword, bow, and the
like; duDg, excrement; — Bulk, Name of a
river ; — eilah, Arms, weapons ; — sulah, A
young partridge.

a e^** nlah-poshi, The wearing of
armour ; accoutrements.

a&JUjsL. nlah-kkdna. An armoury, arsenal.

a ^JaX-giJaA-dar, Armour-bearer, esquire.

a ^L. silah-shor, A horseman that dis-
plays the throwing of the javelin, vaulting,
and other dexterity on horseback ; a cham-
pion, a gladiator ; a horse-breaker.

a gqlkh (v.n.), Skinning, flaying (an
animal) ; taking off (clothes) ; drawing to-
wards a close (the month) ; spending (the
month) ; the last day of the (lunar) month ;
a goat's Bkin ; the skin of a serpent ; [ealkh
kardan, To flay, to skin ; J — salakji, Thread
on a spindle.

a a\i. aL, salkh-khdna, A slaughter-house.

o (*ftj\jim salddniyun, A tree resembling
the willow.

jjiL« saldoz, Name given to certain war-
riors of Timur's army.

a y^J-i gals, A thread upon which beads
are strung, with necklaces of which slave-
girls adorn their necks ; an ear-ring \~salas.
Gentleness ; smoothness ; [salasu 'l-baul,
Diabetes;] — talis. Easy, docile, gentle;
afflicted with diabetes.

a J\ — U. sahdl, Limpid water flowing down
the throat ; a pure limpid stream, waving
like a chain,

tjj*~^- salsburgh, Saltzburg (m.c).

a (J*- — 1— sahabil, Name of a fountain in
Paradise ; mellow wine ; anything soft,
tender, digestible.

a ealecd, Limpid water flowing

down the throat ; forked lightning.

a sahalat (v.n. of J— 1~), Connecting
with each other ; a long slice of a camel's
bunch — gilsilat, silsila, A chain, a series,
suite, concatenation ; succession, line, de-

scent ; inheritance ; genealogy, family, pro-
geny ; an unbroken tradition ; lightning
when darting along like a chain, forked
lightning ; (construed with the verbs uftd-
dan, bar-ham zadan, basian, jurnbdnidan,
khd'idan, kiltah kardan, guzdshtan, gusikh-
tan, nihadan, &c.) ; — silsila'i jibal (kohdn,
&c), A chain of hills or mountains.

a <^*4 silsila-bandt, Concatenation;
classification, arrangement.

a ■Myei siUila-paiwand, Link-con-

necting.

a yW*>- silsila- jumb an (shaking the
chain), A cause, means ; a pledge.

a «— ftJj 4l~L. gihila-zulf, Curly-haired.

a «L,L. sUsila-'izdr, Whose cheeks
are streaked with down.

a y <sl«JU silsila-mn, With hair in ring-
lets (like chains) .

aj) iLJu gilsila-wdr, Linked together;
serial, lineal ; consecutive ; connectedly,
systematically.

u^>~-l-. salsis, A sort of stone.

galish, (in Zand and Pazand) Bad.

a U~ salt, Vehement, sharp; long-
tongued; a Jong tongue; name of a place
in Syria; — suit, Delegation, appointment to
any place of authority or charge ; — &ali{,
Point of a spear not swelling in the middlo j
— silat, Long and slender arrows.

A yUaL. sultan, A ruler, monarch, sove-
reign ; a potentate, emperor, king ; abso-
lute power, sway, authority ; convincing
proof; — sultdni akhtardn. The sun ; — sul-
tdni darweshdn, Muhammad ; — sultdni rum,
The Sultan of Turkey ; — sultdni 'ahd, The
reigning monarch ; — sultdni falak (yak-asba,
yak-suwdr, yak-suwdra'i gar dun), The sun.

a AiUaL. sultana, Empress, queen.

a (ji^M, sultdni, Belonging to a prince or
sovereign ; a kind of broad-cloth ; a gold
coin ; a fine sort of peach ; dominion, prin-
cipality.

A saltat, ealta, Power, delegated
authoritj ; — siltat, silta, A long and slender
arrow.

A u&A-* saltaqi, A kind of dervish's gar-
ment.

A &Jal~ saltanat (v.n. of (j^), Making
emperor ; power, authority, dominion ;
magnificence, majesty ; an empire, reign,
kingdom, principality ; — saltanaii jamhuri,
A republic (m.c.) ; — saltanati shakJisi, Per-
sonal government, an absolute monarchy,
autocracy ; — saltanat kasMdan, To exercise
dominion ; (met.) to learn how to conquer
the world.

a y\j ut^JaL. saltanat-rdn, An emperor ; a
king.

A gl~ sal', A fissure, crack, chink, gap ; a
chap (in the feet) ; name of a mountain
near Madinah.

a sal'at, sala'at, A fracture, contu-
sion, or cut ; — sil'at, Goods, merchandise,

( 694 )

household furniture ; — ett'at, saVat, A tu-
mour or scrofulous swelling on the body or
the neck.

ykL. saljtiar, Name of the father of
Seljuk Shah.

A f-d~8alf(v.n.) l Levelling (the ground) ;
harrowing a field for sowing ; a large wal-
let ; a hide not sufficiently dressed ; — ail/,
The husband of a wife's sister; — salaf
(v.n.), Passing, going by ; past or former
times ; a predecessor, ancestor (also used
for the plural) ; a precedent; money
advanced for merchandize; a purse, bag;
— sulaf, A young partridge.
sulf, A cough.

yj^jUL. stdfdnidarp, To cause to cough.

A &ti— silfat, The relationship of two
women married to two brothers ; a bro-
ther's wife ; — sulfat, Breakfast ; anything
eaten as a whet before dinner.

j>yi)L» eulfaur, Dung, manure (seej^aL.).

4AL. gulf a, A cough.

($±t&~ Bulfldan, To sneeze, cough ; to in-
sert, place upon.

a ijL* 8dlq (v.n.), Ex3oriating, cutting
the skin (with a lash) ; hurting another
with opprobrious language ; anointing,
greasing, smearing all over with pitch;
purboiling (vegetables or an egg) ; throw-
ing down upon the back, laying prostrate ;
roasting a sheep with the Bkin; bringing
together the two handles of a wallet ; a
scar or mark on the back of a camel ; beet ;
— eilq, A wolf ; beet-root ; — salaq, Level
ground ; — suluq, A large leathern sack.

,yiL> mlqaur. Dung, manure (see jjiL. for
which it is perhaps a misreading).

ealqls, A city built by Zu '1-qar-

nain.

a ciU- salk (v.n.), Thrusting in, thread-
ing ; drawing one thing into another; —
»ilk, A thread, string, order, series, train ;
connexion ; course, tenour ; [silki jawdhir
(la'dU), A string of pearls ; — silki dauri
qamar, The world ; fortune ; night and
day ;] — sulak, A young sand-grouse or par-
tridge.

»*Uw salk, silk, sulk, A canal, mill-dam, or
stream which drives the wheel ; — gilak,
Pease ; vetches.

a uslL. ailk-bandi, Account of the
daily receipts of revenue made up at the
end of the month into one total.

«A£L» silkak, A small canal or mill-
dam.

fju. galm. Name o£ the eldest son of Fari-
dun ; — galm, silam, Tables on which boys
learn to write.

a fX- galm (v.n.), Tanning (leather) with
the bark of a tree called gcdam •> completing
the making of a bucket ; a one-handled
bucket ; the bite of a snake ; name of a
man ; — salm, silm, Peace ; one who culti-
vates peace and friendship ; — silm, Saluting;

the Muhammadan religion ; propagating
Islam; — salam (v.n.), Submitting; sur-
render, submission ; money paid in advance ;
name of a thorny tree ; — sullam, A ladder,
staircase.

a (j«Ul- galamag, Name of a town in
Azarbaijan.

a t}Ul» salmdn, Name of a friend of 'All.

<*W«" galmak, One of the six musical
styles.

a **L. ealma, A vegetable used in tanning.

a Js+1~ galma, The south wind ; name
of a woman celebrated for her beauty;
hence in general, a mistress, sweetheart,
lady-love ; name of a mountain ; also of a
tribe.

a**1-» salamiya, Name of a town depen-
dent on Emessa.

silunj, An ulcer on the lip ; cracked
in the lips.

a eaho, sulww (v.n. of jl~), Being
tranquil, contented, or relieved from an-
xiety, care, or sorrow ; the cessation of
sorrow ; forgetting, forgetfulness.

a salwat, A single quail (see (jj^*)'

a t)'y— salwan (v.n, of jl-), Forgetting;
— swlwan, A remedy for love or grief (water
poured from a kind of shell, and drunk to
one's health, or water mixed with the duat
from a dead man's grave, which is given
him to drink) ; a philtre ; an amulet or
charm ; an exhilarating medicine ; name
of a fountain at Jerusalem (the pool of
Siloam).

a salub, Liable to abortions (camel
or woman).

a SjL. galwai, sulwat, A remedy for grief
or for love (see otyL-) ; forgetfulness ; con-
tentment ; solace ; — salwat u surur, Con-
tentment and cheerfulness.
sillur, An eel.

a £}~ sulugh. (v.n. of Shedding the

teeth after the sixth year (oxen or sheep).

A J^U. saluq, Nature, genius ; name of a
town in Taman renowned for its manufac-
ture of coats of mail.

a >^jU sulak (v.n. of »sU~>), Proceeding,
going by the way ; conduct ; institution,
mode, manner, rule ; (pi. of silk) Threads ;
— suluk kardan (namudan), Td travel ; to
follow any rule or institution,

a J/- salul, Name of the mother of 'Ab-
du'llah bin Abi munafiq ; mother of a tribe
of the Hawazin, which is called after her.

a Jyi- saltud, Honey ; quails.

<sJ— salla, A wicker, or snake-catcher's
basket ; — sulla, A wooden vessel, a tub.

<j\} 4l_ salla-bdf, £ *L* mlla-gar, \j£ *1~
salla-kash, A basket-bearer.

a s-**l-« salib, Carried off ; stripped of
fruit or foliage (a tree) ; bereft of one's
senses.

a saleh (by Imalah for silah), War-
like apparatus ; — s<dih, Name of a tribe in

( 695 )

Yaman ;~~silih, An armed man ; a general ;
the van of an army.

a iafcjL. saUkhat, salikha, A certain per-
fume; benzoin or balsam of the tan-tree
before it 1b prepared.

o tnA~ talis, Easy, plain, familiar, simple,
not abstruse ; a sort of stone.

a u~*y y~el-» salig-nawis, Writing a plain
hand.

satisun, Name of the brother of
king Philocratea.

a ^j^isL, salisi, Easiness, simplicity ; plain-
ness, clearness.

saUsh, (in Zand and Pazand) Bad.

a l»(sL. galif, Vehement ; long-tongued,
sharp, eloquent; olive-oil ; oil of sesame

a 4l»eL. eallta, A clamorous brawling wo-
man ; — saUta'i bazar, A common whore.

a al^oL. sallta-zan, A brawling woman,
a shrew.

a i3«l~ saliq, Whatever falls from a tree ;
leaves or branches ; withered thorns.

fcy4»l~> saliqun, = yjkf q.v.

a Mel- galiqa, Boiled-potherbs ; (met.)
good taste (m.c.).

a _>U ASaL. saliqa-ddr, ealiqa-
ehi'ar, al* JJLJL, saliqa-mand, Of good dis-
position; well-conducted; possessed of
genius; tasteful.

a tf &M ~ saliqagi, Good nature, amiable
disposition.

*W~ ealik, Name of one of the twelve
musical styles.

A sulaik, Name of a man.

A JeLi salil, A new-born infant ; a newly -
dropped colt ; a drawn sword.

A jt^~> salim, Entire, free from flaw or
stain ; perfect, sound, healthy, wholesome ;
pacific, affable; silly, a simpleton; bitten
by a snake ; proper name of a man (m.c.) ;
— ealimu 'f,-tab', Affable, mild, gentle ; —
talimv, 'l-qalb, Sincere, kind-hearted.

a 9 W- sulaxmdn, Solomon ; — mlaimani
zaman, The Solomon or oracle of the age.

a (jjUeL. sulaimdn-biedt, Whose car-
pet is a place of homage like Solomon's.

a sulaimdni, Belonging to Solo-

mon ; the dignity of a Solomon ; a kind of
white date ; an onyx.

a Jj salvm-dil, Simple-minded ; stu-
pid.

mUmi, A kind of cloth.
y^«l-< salinun (G-. <t4Xxvov), Name of a
plant.

/** sum, A hoof, foot ; a cavern, grotto ;
(in comp. for sumb) piercing (see «j,j) ; —
turn afkandan, To limp ; — sumi bdragi bar
sari iA&n kagkidan, To sally forth on horse-
back in order to kill an enemy.

a {+- samm (v.n.), Presenting poison,
poisoning victuals ; intending, proposing ;
making peace between two persons, recon-
ciling; amending; stopping up, corking
close ; a small hole ; poison ; name of two

veins in a horse's nose ; mother of pearl ;
a sea-shell ; [sammu 'J-Awraar,Rbododaphne;
— gammu 'l-Jch,iydt, The eye of a needle ; —
sammu 'l-fdr, Ratsbane ; arsenic ; realgar ;]
— samm, simm, summ, A small hole; poison ;
— gumm, The orifice of the ear ; a refuge ;
a fox.

a »U— eawid', Heaven, sky ; roof of a
house ; a canopy ; a projection or shade
over a door or portico, an awning ; a cloud ;
rain ; height, altitude ; eminence, dignity ;
meridian, culminating point; prime; spring;
a horse's back ; name of a horse.

A w»U~ gimdt (pi. of simat), Marks by
burning; brands, signs.

a eU- gimdj (pi. of samj, samij, and
samvj), Hideous, foul, ugly.

<j»|} (*-• sum-bos, Kissing of the feet.

a samdjat (v.n. of ^*-»), Being de-
formed, filthy, ugly ; turpitude ; adultera-
tion.

<&»-U~ samdeha, A bodice (for sarndkhcha).

a cu~ samah, simdh, A^-U-. samdkat (v.n.
of Being beneficent, liberal, humane ;

liberality, bountif ulness ; — simdh (v.n. 3 of
C+-), Being lenient towards one, pardon-
ing; (pi. fern, of q.v.) beneficent,
liberal (women).

a -Xiwi uw=*U— samdAat-pasand, Delight-
ing in generosity.

a £U- simaiJi, The ear ; orifice of the
ear.

J y'Wu . samdkhcha, A stomacher, bodice,
or corslet worn by women.

A jU— samdd, Dung and ashes mixed.
jU™. samar. Name of a herb.

samdru, = 42ljjU— q.v.
Cjy^*** samdrukA, SrA*-* samdruph, A
white mushroom resembling an egg ; salsu-
ginous, unproductive ground.
jUgj,,U~. samdrugizdr, A mushroom-bed.

samdruglrndk, Pull of mush-

rooms

isJ^U-. samdruk, A pigeon.

^SjU-. sumdri, A ship.

samaris, A sardine.

a 3j_U-. samdsirat (pi. of simsdr), Bro-
kers ; mediators.

a U*-. simdt, An order, series, row; rank;
the carpet on which a meal is placed, a
table-cloth ; a table covered with victuals
(construed with the verbs afgandan, kashi-
dan, nihddan, <fcc.) ; the leathern carpet on
which criminals were executed ;— k&wurda'i
simdt, The remains of dinner.

a (j ^U *.. samdtin, A carpet, coarse cloth ;
a room hung round with mirrors ; — sima-
tain (obi. du.), On both sides.

A £U~. samd' (v.n. of £*-•), Hearing,
listening to ; the sense of hearing ; ecstacy
occasioned by hearing song or music ; a
song, a dance (especially a circular dance
performed by dervishes in ecstacy), music ;
(in grammar) prescription, authority, usage j

( 696 )

\eama' Jcardan, To hear ;] — gamma 1 , One
who hears much ; a spy.

a oj samatin-zan, Who spreads a

carpet.

a gama'at, A hearing, an audience ;

hearing or taking evidence in a law-suit;
cognisance.

a, iiU. gU-» gamd'-khfrna. A house for song
or dance (particularly where the dervishes
perform).

a i^eU— gamd'i, Belonging to a dance or a
song ; a quick air, an allegro ; whatever
has been heard; traditional, oral; (in
grammar) irregular, founded on custom,
arbitrary, prescriptive.

a J- f U~. sama'il (for J«*U—1), Ishmael.

a 1 _ 5 1 < A»_ gamd'Ui, Sacrifice, oblation ;
name of a sect which worships the organ
of generation.

givm-afganda, Limping, lame.

a gumdq, Mere, pure ; — eummaq,

and —

J-iU«, gamdqil, Sumach.

a di)U_ gimdk, That upon which anything
is supported or raised ; a platform, scaf-
fold ; (pi. of gamak) fishes ; name of two
stars ; [gimdki a'zal, Spica virginis ; —
eimdhi ramih, Arcturus ;] — sammdk, A fish-
monger.

»^U-». gimdk, A road well guarded ; — sum-
mak, Sumach.

_)^U— gamdkdr, s^U— gamdkdra, A waiter
at a tavern ; a servant.

&^£U— gamakcha, A bodice, corset, sto-
macher.

A JU~. sam'al, A shadow ; — garndl, A
worm in water; — eammdl, Name of the
father of a tribe.

a <i<?\ p~ samm-dlud, Envenomed.

samdn (for dsman), Heaven; the
27th of the month ; — simdn, Name of a city.

A yU-. simdn (pi. of gamin), Fat-; — sam-
mdn, A seller of butter.

dJU— gwmtiva, A quail ; a roof ; name of a
city in Hindustan where a fine cloth is made.
ganidni, Sky-eoloured, azure.

A J5JU-. sumana, A quail.

a ui>\jU«. samdwat (pi. of samd'), The
heavens.

a SjU— samdwat (v.n. of y*— ), Being ram-
pant among the females, and leaping upon
them (a stallion) ; a roof ; a projection or
shade over a door, a portico, a porch ; a
model, figure, form, mould ; name of a
place between Kiifa ana! Syria.

a samawi, Heavenly ; celestial ;

sky-coloured, cerulean, azure.

samdhij, Name of an island.

a pSU— samd'im (pi. of samurn), Hot,
pestilential winds, simooms ; the dog-days.

sjW*- sumbdda, suvibdra, and —

sumpar, *)^-*— swnipdra, A hard sort
of stone used in sharpening and polishing
swords or knives (see

a **« simat (v.n. of f^), Branding with
a hot iron; a mark made by burning; a
brand.

a <j~»— gamt (v.n.), Travelling ; making
for; guessing the way; finding the right
way ; a way, road, path ; course, direction ;
towards ; — samtu 'r-riis. The zenith, the
vertical point of the heavens ; — samtu 'I-
qadam, The nadir ; — as-samt, The azimuth ;
— bo,-gamte, Prom one side or other, in any
direction (m.c).

Jilji*- sum-tirdsh, An instrument for
paring horses' hoofs.

a samtgar, Partial ; a partisan.

a ^^c^t-, samtgari, Partiality.

g*- samj, sumj, Any subterraneous pas-
sage; mine, or burrow ; a common sewer ; a
cavern, a grot, the resort of the destitute, or
a fold for sheep ; — simij, Secrets.

a gamj, Rich milk of a disagreeable
flavour ; — sumuj, Deformed, ugly, hideous,
stinking, offensive.

)}^>*— sarnjur, sumjftr, Poor, homeless.

a^*-. sumja, Offensive sinell ; smelling
badly.

^*~> swmcha, A subterraneous passage ;
a sheep-cote ; a prison.

a £*— samh (v.n.), Being beneficent, libe-
ral; (fem. <S*-4— samhat, samha), Beneficent,
liberal.

a jVj^*-, simhdq, The pericranium, or a
wound touching that membrane.

A samkh (v.n.), Wounding in the
ear-hole; breathing, blowing; beginning
to sprout (corn).

sum-ddr, Solid-hoofed (animal).

a )\>* p~ samm-ddr, Noxious, poisonous.

A;*-, samr (v.n,), Fixing with nails or
pins, nailing ; holding an evening conversa-
tion by moonlight ; — gumr (pi. of asniar),
Tawny ; lances ; — swmar, Evening conver-
sations ; a story, tale ; an adventure ; night,
darkness ; the shadow of the moon ; moon-
light ; time ; a vestibule ; — gum/mar (pi. of
sdmir).

gamar, A weaver's brush (also
gammar) ; name of a king, the founder of
the city of Samarcand ; — sumar, A reed-
bed.

*>\j«— samrdd, Imagination, thought, fancy.

^Aj*-. samrddi, What refers to thought
or fancy ; name of a sect of idealists, teach-
ing that the world exists only in imagina-
tion.

a ty*— samraj, Tribute received in three
instalments (A. Sj*— samarraj from P. sih,
Three, and marra, Time).

a £j4— swum! (v. 11. of 7*—), Being of a
tawny colour ; — samurai, Egyptian thorn.

j . - J >j . t .^ samarqand, Name of a famous
city and kingdom in higher Asia (see
j^ fy * n ..«).

^■ u i j t.^ samarqandi, An inhabitant of,
or one belonging to, Samarqand ; hollow

( 697 )

friendship, insincere professions of good-
will ; a beam, Tafter ; a bar, bolt ; a measur-
ing pole or perch ; a present given to a
violated woman.

^ j*— Samarkand, A large city in Turki-
stan (see samar).

samriid, One of three stages of
religious perfection ; — mmrudi samriid, The
highest degree of this stage.

A )\~+~ simsdr, A broker ; a mediator ;
a reconciler of friends.

a samsdm, Swift, nimble (man).

a samsarat (v.n. of ;~*~), Bro-

kerage.

a ij » «-» samsig, Jessamine ; sweet mar-
joram.

««>.■.« . sumaak, Of low extraction.

A !»— 4— samsam, A fox ; — eimsim, The
grain sesame ; — sumsum, A red ant.
■ «-- samsimiln, Myosotis.

a samt (v.n.), Scalding the hair off
(a kid) before roasting (it) ; suspending
(anything) ; sharpening (a knife) ; losing
its sweetness (milk) ; being silent, silence ;
active, alert ; a row of bricks ; — eimt, A
thread upon which beads or pearls are
atrung ; a long necklace ; a strap hanging
from the Baddle with which burdens are
fastened ; a thin garment (not quilted or
lined) ; nimble, agile, light ;~~sumt, A
woollen garment; — sumut (pi. of simaf),
Rows, series.

a <Js*«» simty, A quatrain the third and
fourth lines of which have the same rhyme.

A 5*-> tarn' (v.n.), Bearing, listening ;
the sense of bearing; the ear; [sam'u 'U
My an, Title of a book on physics (see ;]
—sim', The mongrel whelp of a wolf and
hyfena ; fame, fair name, good reputation ;
— sama', simi 1 , Name of the father of a
tribe of Himyar.

a "W- tam'-an, Hearingly, i.e. willingly ;
— gam' -an wa ta'atan, Hearing and obe-
dience, most willingly, you have only to
command ; — [sam'-an Id (wa-la) bulgA-an,
It is heard, but may it not come to pass (a
mode of expression when any disagreeable
news is reported).

A sam'at, A single hearing,

a i^AfL £*— sam'-khardski, A grating or
jarring on the ear.

samghand, A menstruous woman ;
the menses.

a samk (v.n.), Exalting, raising,

bearing up, elevating, lifting up ; the roof
of a house; extent from top to bottom;
height, elevation ; — aamak, Fish ; the sign
Pisces ; a fish on which the earth is sup-
posed to rest ; hence : — az samak to, simak,
Prom the fish to the star simak (see <s)U-) ;
— baina 's-simdk wa 's-eamak, The expanse
between the centre of the earth and heaven.

samuk, Vain-glory, arrogant preten-
sions ; vain, silly, foolish.

timkar,

eimgdr, A city in

Badakhshan.

a gamkur, Name of a place.
a J*~ eaml (v.n.). Blinding, knocking
out an eye ; gouging ; making peace, recon-
ciling ; cleaning a well ; — eamal, An old
tattered garment; small quantities of water;
remainders of mud in a well.

a namn (v.n.), Dressing or preserving
(meat) with butter ; butter ; — siman, Being
fat, fatness.

saman, swmwn, Trefoil ; a certain
white fragrant flower ; (for ydsmln) Jessa-
mine ; [samani zard, Name of a fragrant
flower ;J — suman, Summons (m.c. from E.).
simndr, Name of a famous architect.
dsJU^.. mmnak, Liberality, generosity,
y**, saman-andam, With limbs like
jessamine.
jt o*- gaman-bar. Jessamine-bosomed.
_**5> ttaman-barg, Leaf of the jessa-
mine,

t_£jSW y*«. saman-bundgosh, With ears of
jessamine hue.

pi tH— saman-bw (bo), Fragrant as jessa-
mine.

j^a» yr*— sainan-paikar, &j&t o+— saman-
chihra, "With a face of jessamine hue.

At mman-khud, Ji** saman-'izdr,
With cheeks like jessamine.

samand, Dun or cream (colour of a
horse) ; a noble steed, a charger ; an arrow ;
— samandi baraq-raftdr, A horse running
with lightning speed ; — samand jilau dddan,
To urge a horse to run.

samand-asldr, Name of an

animal whose look was said to be fatal.

samandar, samandir, samandw,
J samandcd, ^- v - n— samandur (said to
be derived from sdm, T?ire, and andarun,
Within), A salamander; name of a place
in Hindustan from which aloes is brought.

i^jjj***. samanduk, Jj- u *-« samandiil,
(jjjji*^ samandiin, A salamander; — saman-
dun, Name of an island ; name of a demon
of Mazandaran.
jfyit— samanedr, A jessamine-garden.
I .... : .* ■.. saman-sd, Jessamine- like ; fair.
jL. y*_ saman-saq, With thighs of jessa-
mine hue.

^L. y*-. saman-sdy, Touching jessamine-
like cheeks (said of curls).

yLs — s<_ samanistan, A jessamine-garden.
U-_ y*~. Baman-Bimd, ~ <^*— q.v.

saman-elna, Jessamine-bosomed.
y*~ saman- gkabghab, With a chin
(lit. dew-lap) like jessamine.

yl£i*- samangdn, samungdn, Name of a
city in Ahwaz.

J*J y*~, gaman-la'l, Name of an odourless
flower.

yu~, tsamanu, A kind of sweet macaroni ; —
sumanii, gamanwd, Macaroni-soup.
yyt*_ sawnim, Name of an austere monk ;

( 698

samnUn, Austerity like that of Sam-

zukdi
niin,

a sumna, A black grain which fat-
tens ; any fat-producing medicine.

a i . sumaniyat, Name of a sect of
Hindoos who believe in metempsychosis.

ft— 8umu, Wild cresses.

a j*-. gimw, High, tall, elevated ; — sumuw,
sumu (v.n. of ), Being high, elevated.

a ut>!j*~. samawat, Heavens, ekies.

a uuj*— gamut (for A. tj*— q.v.), Saddle-
straps.

A <xsyt— eumut (pi. of «wn<), Ways, paths ;
directions,

a jj*^ gamud (v.n. of ■**-), Swelling
with anger ; carrying the head high from
pride; travelling at a smart pace (camels) ;
giving attention to play, amusement, or
trifles.

■*•->*•""• «M»«r, Swift (she-camel); — sam-
wmr, The Scythian weasel or marten, the
sable ; also the fine skin or fur of that
animal ; — evmmuri eiyah, Night.

*~>j*~ samosa, A kind of small paBtry of
minced meat of a triangular form ; a pie ;
a shawl or handkerchief, doubled diago-
nally, to throw over the shoulders.

a t.j*w tumut (v.n. of !=*—), Being silent ;
losing its sweetness, beginning to turn
(milk); (pi. of simt) threads whereon beads
are strung ; saddle-straps.

a <3>*~ tamiiq, Sumach ; — gumiiq (v.n. of
iJh—), and —

a i±>^«— eumuk (v.n. of >*U-.), Being high,
elevated ; — sumilk (pi. of samak), Fishes.

A Jj+- tamfd, Old and worn (garment) ;
— mmul (v.n. of J*-), Being old and worn ;
(pi, of eamalat) waters left at the bottom
of cisterns.

a samiim, A sultry, pestilential,

destructive wind, blowing by day and
sometimes at night ; simoom ; — sumiim
(pi. of ewnni), Poisons ; small holes.

a {$i/S samum-dfirtn, Creating or

producing the simoom.

yUi^j*— samumisidn, A place where
simooms are frequent.

a ty*~ samun (pi. of swmn), Butters.

a 8umuh (v.n. of **-.), Being asto-
nished, thunder-struck ; running without
getting tired (camel, horse, &c).

a samawi, What concerns the name,
nominal.

&■*-> sima, A weaver's brush ; a spatula
with which weavers put the glue upon their
thread ; concealed, hidden ; a green-co-
loured weed floating on stagnant water;
— Buma (for q.v.), A gun-stick (m.c).

a sama, Foolish, silly, giddy.

a imS *- saml, Of the same name, synony-
mous ; similar; high, elevated.

a sammiyat, Poisonousness.

q±+- samij, The lurking-place of a hun-
ter ; the haunt of a large wild beast.

0~

a eamtj, Deformed, ugly ; fat milk
turned sour.
A samid, White bread ; a kind of twist.
q* V >* " samidan, sumtdan, To smell,
scent, emit perfume.

<.) } ±e4~. sumldun, Smell, odour, fragrance.
A - V ;»<» samlz, = a ^ »«« q.v.

turner, The large bead at the head of
a rosary.

A jo*-, samir, Evening entertainments,
nocturnal conversations ; places where such
are held ; the inmost recess ; fond of noc-
turnal conversations (sing, and pi.).

^ r*+- sa/mlra, A cupping-horn ; name of
a place on the road to Mecca ; — eumaird,
Name of a famous woman, called mihvn
bdnu, the mother of Shirin.

ftr»— samir-ab (?), Name of the lord of
the element water.

f,je+~ samlram, Name of a place between
Iraq and Persia, whence water is brought,
which, wherever carried, is followed by a
small black bird that devours the locusts.
samlra, A line drawn ; written.

A ^j/**- swmairiyat, A kind of ship.

>s*- samiz, An invocation, a prayer.

sumaisat, Name of a place on the
bank of the Euphrates.

a samit, Verse, the third and fourth
hemistich s of which end with the same
rhyme, the following distichs having a dif-
ferent termination (see ) ; a lamb or
kid ready for roasting with the skin, the
hair being taken off by hot water ; simple
(as a garment without lining, or a shoe
with one sole, a sandal) ; nimble, active.

a sami', A hearer ; one who makes
others hear or listen ; a name of God.

A samiq, A part of the yoke which
encloses the ot's neck.

a J-*- samil, = Jj*~ samul, q.v.
a mmin. Fat, full, plump ; sleek,

well-fed.

a qJ* Qft*— samln-badan, With a plump
body.

a Q< f ' .: » ~ saniitiun, A medicament pro-
ducing fat (see i^*— stimna).

*i, .t,- samina, A thin, delicate sort of
stuff.

y-« san, Colour ; sort, species ; rule, law,
custom, usage; a spear; ivy; like; (for
Fr. scene) the stage (in a theatre, m.c.) ;
(for Fr. Seine) the river Seine (m.c).

t ^f- san, Thou.

a sann (v.n,), Forming, shaping;
fixing the head upon a spear ; piercing
with a spear ; making a miswdk for cleaning
the teeth ; breaking the teeth ; making clay
into earthenware; making plain and clear;
feeding (camels) well ; driving (camels)
fast; scattering sand on the ground; pour-
ing water on the face ; polishing, furbish-
ing, cleansing ; smelling badly ; being
putrid ; — sinn, A tooth ; nib of a pen ; an

indentation ; a horn ; year, age, period of
life ; a wild bull ; greedy eating ; name of
a mountain near Madinah ; also of a place
near Raiy ; also of a city on the Tigris ; —
sinni balugh (balughflt, taJcllf), Age of pu-
berty, mature age ; — sinni tamU (lamyiz,
shu'iir) , The age of discretion ; — sinni sha-
bab, Youth ; — sinni shaikhukhlyat, Mature
age ; old age ; — sinn ii sal, Age, (many)
years.

sana, Senate, upper house of legis-
lature (m.o. from Fr. tenat) ; — sana'i daulat,
The Senate of the Empire (m.c).

a sand, light, splendour, brightness,
flashing (of lightning) ; name of a tree from
which tooth- picks are made ; senna ; a kind
of silk ; name of a valley in Najd ; also of
a woman whom Muhammad had married,
but who died before consummation had
taken place ; — sand', Elevation, height, al-
titude, eminence ; senna ; — sana'i makki,
Senna of Mecca (considered the best).

<Lpi\ sinnan-akbar, Older in years.

v>U~» einab, = <^>\ja> q.v. (doubtful).

_^U-. sindbar, (jy^— sindbari, = ^^*> shind-
war, ^jj^fc shinawari, qq.v. (doubtful).

y^rfU-. sindbldan, — y-NtjUfc q.v. (doubt-
ful).

A J»U- sandbil (pi. of sunibulat), Ears of
corn; — abus -sandbil, Name of one of Mu-
hammad's companions.

a sandh, = t;y~> q.v.

a e\j-~ sinaj, according to others sanndj,
The mark left upon a wall by the smoke
of a lamp.

sandd, Much, abundant.

a jU- sindd (v.n. 3 of J^-), Assisting,
helping, compensating, requiting ; opposi-
tion, resistance ; in verse, a difference in
the vocalisation of the penultimate of two
hemistichB, as when dad is made to rhyme
with dud or did ; a huge female animal,
a strong she-camel.

A sanadin (pi. of sanddn) , An-

vils.

^J~> sandr, A lover ; — sanar, sindr, A sea-
port ; a dock or bed of mud, where ships
are moored; the smyris; — sundr, A daugh-
ter-in-law ; (for S. svarna-Jcdra) a gold-
smith.

a suiindr, A cat,

^!pU- sandtor, A senator (Lat. through
E., m.c).

a icU-i sand'at, Beauty, grace, elegance.

A sindf, The poitrel or breast- har-
negs of a, camel.

a f\i* sandm, A camel's bunch ; high
ground; the eentreof the earth ; name of a
mountain near Basrah.

a S=~yv sinnan-tnutawassit, Middle-
aged (m.o.).

a Ul» sand-makhl, Senna of Mecca.

a qU-. sindn A spear-head ; a spear ; the
point of an arrow or needie j a whetstone ;

construed with the verbs khwdbdnida,n, sd'i-
dan, kashidan, &c. ; — eindni khati, A spear
made at Khat (see and n&a'i khati under

a ;W yU^. smiin-ddr, Pointed (lance) ;
armed with a spear ; shield-bearer, esquire.

a \j>)4 yU-, sindn-dosh, Shouldering a
lance or spear.

a y 1 "-. sindn-hash, Pointed.

A je»U«. sandnir (pi. of sinnaur and sun-
ndr), Cats.

sandv, Pilings ; much (see for
which it is perhaps a misreading).

(jSU- sana'i, Surname of a Persian poet.

s-»i~> sumb, A subterraneous dwelling,
into which the poor retreat, and which
serves as a fold for sheep or a shelter for
travellers ; the hoof of a beast ; the foot ;
a wimble, auger, gimlet ; perforation ; (in
comp.) boring, perforating (from the verb
suftan).

uwi+L. sambdt, suinbat, An apparition ;
magic, illusion.

ji^jLs, sambdd, Thought, reflection ; name
of a magician sumbdd, Name of a cham-
pion of Iran.

a s^V— sumbddaj, s^^>— sumbdzaj, Ara-
bic forms for —

s^l(ji- sumbdda, The smyris (emery) with
which glass is cut ; a stone for sharpening
and polishing swords, and for cleaning the
teeth.

*jW*<» sumbdra, A whetstone.

<s— -j— sa-nibasa, This time, for once (see

a SdV*- sumbdt, Name of a village in
Egypt.

yijj— sambdh, An ape ; name of a medi-
cinal tree.

yj^itj^-. sumbdnidan, To cause to bore ;
to cause to prop.

a «*X<J— Mimbiik, A mode of running ; the
fore-part of a horse's hoof; rough ground
yielding but little profit ; the beginning of
a shower ; (in P.) a small ship.

a J~~ sambul, sambal (?), Name of
two cities in Bum ;—sumbul, A flower (espe-
cially of an odoriferous plant) ; a hya-
cinth ; an ear of corn ; the sign Virgo ; —
eumbulu 't-tlb, A species of spikenard ; —
sumbul bar khat, A mole on a beautiful
face ; — sumbuli tar, A ringlet of hair, a
curl ; — smnhidi jabali, Wild hyacinth ; —
sumbuli Jchat/l'i, Angelica ; — sumbuli ritml,
Celtic nard ; — sumbuli 'asdfvr, Indian spike-
nard ; — sumbuli kohl, Garden valerian ; —
sumbuli hindi, Spikenard ; the hyacinth.

a yt J*a- sumbul-rtiu, One who has hair
like the hyacinth, odoriferous and gently-
waving.

a yVii^jL. sumbul-khdn, Name of a place
in Iran.

a !ai J~~» sumbul-khat, With a hyacinth-
like down.

699 )

( 700 )

A sambalat (v.n. of J-!- 1 -), Coming
into ear (corn) ; — sumbulat, sumbula, An
ear of corn ; the sign Virgo ; — sumbuWi
zar, A chafing-dish ; — sunibula'i nau-ras, A
ringlet.

a ?.».!};.,< sumbulistdn, Hyacinth-garden,
hyacinth-bed.

a ^y* J+J— sumbnl-hawd, A cloudy sky.

a sumbuti, Name of a tone in

music.

tamhut, — v=j VfX*, q.v.

tsV,^u, eambusah, A pie.

6~.yii~, sambUsa, A kind of triangular
pasty, a pie; a square mantle which women
wear doubled into a triangular form ; any-
thing triangular.

a stimbuq, A small boat, pinnace.

suniba, Ceiling of a room ; a black
bee or grape ; once, for this time ; an in-
strument for notching a millstone ; an
auger ; deceived ; — sw}\ba'i top, A gun-stick
{see <U~~ suma, m.c).

(- 5 J \^ f! a-. sambahari, Mint.

sumbuian, To bore, perforate ; to
lean upon, to be propped ; to deceive,
cheat ; to tread under foot.

tjl^i-i aumpara, A whetstone.

a iu. sanai, sana, A year ; a single revo-
lution of the sun ; [sana'i hijra, The year
of Muhammad's flight; the first year of
the Muhammadan era, commencing the
15th of July 622 ;] — sinat, Beginning of
sleep, slumber ; carelessness, negligence,
inadvertency ; [einatu 'l-fana, The sleep of
annihilation, death ;] — sannat, A she bear ;
a female cheeta ; — sinnat, A double-headed
hatchet ; money, coin ; the nib of a pen ; a
coulter or ploughshare ; a clove of garlic ;
— sunnat, surma, Nature, habit, custom ;
mode or manner of acting; institution,
regulation, mode of living ; the law of God,
the divine commands and prohibitions ; the
traditions of Muhammad, supplementing
the Qur'iin and held in nearly equal autho-
rity ; — sunnat kardan, To circumcise (U-
sunnat " uncircumcised ") ; — ahli sunnat
(sunna), Those who acknowledge the sunna
(in opposition, to shVa " the followers of
'All ") ; — sunnat u jama'at, The adherents
of the first four Caliphs.

i_r~il>n v^-, sant-alydns, " The Holy
Alliance " (m.c).

jy^" santur, A spinnet, harpsichord (see

sanj, Weight ; measure; a conch-shell j
a cymbal; (in comp.) weighing; — sinj,
Elected, chosen ; a choice ; a cymbal ; little
bells suspended from Arabian drums ; oxy-
gal put into sweet milk, which sours and
curdles it ; vermilion ; a young shoot ;
monks' rhubarb ; — sunj, Buttocks.

a sunuj, vulg. sunj, Tbe red jujube-
plant.

jW- sinjab, Ermine, the pontic* mouse,

the grey squirrel; verdure; night; name
of a country.

^V^, sinjdbi, Grey, russet.

a jV^si-. sanjdr, sinjar, A fort near Mosul ;
name of a desert in Mesopotamia.

oVi— sanj&f, Edging ; a border of a
garment.

t sanjdq, A flag, standard to which

a horse-tail is attached ; [sanjdqi humciyvn,
The imperial flag or standard ;] — sinjdq, A
pin-brooch (m.c).

t ^.iil^x- sanjdq-dar, An ensign-bearer,
ensign, cornet.

O^**- sanjdn, Name of a province in Ana-
tolia ; also of a town in Persia.

yVjV^-™. sanjdnidan, To cause to weigh.

>>^~. sinjid, The jujube-tree and fruit.
A^s-J-. sinjid-boy (buy), A kind of rose.
sanjar, A prince, emperor, king;
name of a celebrated monarch ; name of a
hunting bird ; ecstasied, enraptured.

yU-^--. sanjaristdn, A monastery built
for the sufis or dervishes.

a Oj-fji- sinjar j, Cinnabar (= P. <J;&a
q.v.).

&>,y*~*i$~~.sanjisbuya (P. sangisboya), Cinque-
foil.

<-i^- sinjaf, = iJW^-i q.v.

t (3tj»i- sanjaq, A flag, banner ; a cornet ;
a pin ; — sanjak, sanjuk, A waistband, girdle,
belt.

t sanjuq, A flag ; a girdle.

A^si-. sanja, A balance, scales; a weight;
an equipoise or make-weight ; name of a
demon ; name of a country.

sanjl, The act of weighing.

As<*j.~. sinjid, The jujube-tree.

^^.^—^ sanjldatjl, Gravity, weight.

(jj^i- sanjldan, To weigh ; — sanjidan,
sinjulan, To prepare.

s^sati- sanjida, Weighed ; weighty,
grave ; tried, proved ; — sanjida, sinjida,
Prepared, set in order.

y*^-. sinjtn, Empty inside (doubtful).

a \A a***— sanjida-add, Well-weighed,
judicious.

a sank, sunk (v,n.), Being open,
clear, manifest ; occurring, presenting it-
self ; turning (anyone) from his design ;
coming easy to one (poetry) ; — sunk, Bles-
sing, good omen, happiness after misfor-
tune ; name of a place near Madinah.
sankh, Dirt, filth, nastiness ; salt.

a sinkh, The root of anything ; the
root or stump of a tooth ; rancid butter ;
the paroxysm of a fever ; name of a village
in Khurfisfm ; — sanakh (v.n ), Turning, be-
coming rotten, rancid, or tainted,

-j*-— sanakhj, sinakhj sanakhch, An
asthma, shortness of breath.

a -JJ-. sind, India, particularly the western
regions on the river Sind or Indus ; sup.
positious, spurious, of an unknown father
or mother; a bastard, a foundling; — sanad,

JjUr ( 701 )

The seal or signature of a judge ; a royal
ordnance, mandate, or decree; a patent,
grant, document, warrant, any royal deed
or appointment under which another acts ;
an order, a written authority for holding
either land or office ; reliance, trust ; rela-
tion, connection ; — sanadi bima, An insu-
rance police (m.c.) ; — mnadi khun-bahd, A
retaliatory fine to the heirs of a murdered
person ; — sanadi kdr-guzdrl, Certificate of
services ; — sanadi mu'dfi, A rent-free grant.

s>T[ au. gind-db, The river Indus.

S^Jx- sandara, sinddra, A foundling.

a q\au. sanddn, einddn, An anvil ; the
iron on which the knocker of a door strikes ;
— einddn, Large and powerful.

a <-ili* (_)\au. sinddn-shikdf, ^w-*
sindan-shikan, Cleaving an anvil.

a^iS ^au. sinddn-guzar, Whose arrow
pierces an anvil.

oIjau. sindbdd, A book on practical
science.

)■"-. twndar, A gum resembling amber.

A SjAu. sandarat. Celerity ; name of a tree
of which bows and arrows are made ; a
large measure ; name of a woman who sold
wheat and gave full measure.

A (_^jjAu. eandar 08, Gum of the red juni-
per, sandaracha, red arsenic.

»jai«. sandara, = the preceding ; — sindira,
sandara, A bastard.

a (j«aju. sundus, Brocade, silk wrought
with gold or silver.

a ,_j«.Au. sundusi, Made of brocade.

yteijLu. sindkeeh, The rainbow ; a vapour
exhaled by the heat of the sun, represent-
ing the sea at a distance ; the mirage.

Jau, sandal, A sandal, a kind of slipper ;
sandal-wood j a fool, idiot ; a small boat
employed in carrying fresh water and
victuals to ships lying at a distance from
shore, a bumboat.

hU a u. eandalak, iiAu. sandala, A small
shoe or slipper.

Jau. sandali, A bench whereon shoes
are left.

a (J»U»/* au. sanad-mutabiq, The counter-
part of a grant, &c, the order to put it
into execution.

uau, sandana, A kind of bird ; steps of
a stair.

ajl) aju. sanad-wdr. Having proof, sup-
ported by document or proof.

(_r-JjAu. sandoqis (Q. <rdv8v£), Minium,
vermilion.

«au. sanda, An anvil ; fetid excrement ; —
sunda, Fetid excrement.

yUAu. sindihdn, Wood of aloes ; a species
of steatites.

a ^au. sindi, A native of Sind ; Indian ;
— sanadi, Held by written deeds ; authen-
tic, reliable.

a At- sanad-yafta, Holding a deed,
grant, or certificate ; chartered ; accredited.

(_>>au. sindin, Empty inside, hollowed, ex-
cavated (doubtful, see y*^ju.).

^au, sindiydn, A kind of oak ; natives
of Sind.

a «Aj~.j ^ sin-raslda, Of advanced age,
old, in years.

y~ snniz, Caraway-seeds.

yU-u. sansdn, i_)-~u. eansan, Inelegant
language.

j) — *~ sansur, Trunk of elephant or gnat.

* — sunsa, A black bee ; a black grape.

A sant, sanat, A kind of thorn, acacia.

a £u. sin'. The ankle or pastern joint ; —
sana', Beauty, comeliness (= q.v.).

a <-&u. sanf (v.n.), Girthing (a camel)
with the strap called sindf ; — sinf. The leaf
of the tree mar&Jt (with whose wood the
Arabians strike fire) ; — sunuf (pi. of sindf),
Poitrels fastened on camels to steady the
load,

a sanaa (v.n.), Having the stomach
overloaded with milk (a camel's colt) ; being
indigestible.

sunqur, A falcon that hunts well.

Sj&u. sunqura, A sort of bird whose flesh
is said to be poisonous.

)j!Lx~, sunqiir, — j&u. q.v.

<alJi£u. sankaldlik, A wagtail.

<£&u. sang, A stone ; a rock; a weight;
a tombstone ; stone of a sealing-ring ;
dumb-bells of athletes ; a cannon-ball ;
gravity, authority, dignity ; value, worth,
price ; equality ; — sangi atish, Marcasite-
stone ; — sangi alymar, A red poisonous
stone ; — sang az mum sakhtan, To do some-
thing extraordinary or wonderful -—sangi
as (dsiyd), A millstone; — sangi ispang (is-
jaand), A stone produced in sponges, and used
medicinally against calculus — sangi dstdn,
A vestibule ; — sangi ishdf, A shoemaker's
lapstone ; — sangi dsydn, A whetstone,
hone; — sangi afsdn, A whetstone; — sang
dmadanipd, The foot strikes against a stone;
— sangi imtihdn, The touch-stone ; — sangi
antimun, Crude antimony ; — sangi dhak, Do-
lomite ; — sangi dhan-kash (ahan-rubd). The
stone attracting iron, or seizing, i.e. the
loadstone or magnet ; — sangi badal, False
jewellery (m.c.) ; — sang bar bdld'i sang na-
mi-mdnad, No stone remains upon another
(said of utter destruction) ; — sang bar baldy-
ash guzdsht, He exaggerates the value of a
thing, so that another should not be able to
buy it; — sang bar sabii dmadan (zadan), To
renounce wine ; to trouble the joys of life ;
to afflict ; to be afflicted ; — sang bar sari sang
na-ml-istad, = sang bar bdld'i sang na-mi-
manad; — sang bar sar kasMdan, To quaff
a cup to the bottom ; — sang bar shlsha
uftddan (zadan), To break the goblet
to pieces, i.e. to leave off drinking wine ;
— sang bar tds (qardba) zadan, sang bar
qardba- shikasian, = sang bar aabo dma-
dan above; — sang bar qandil zadan, To

«£&u- ( 702 )

darken, to trouble the delights of life, to
afflict ; — sangi bargan, A soft stone used by
glass-makers ; — sang ba-sang zadan, To
make a great noise about a small matter ;
to afflict, to trouble ; — sangi basri, The
Basrah-stone ; tutty ; — sangi btilur (bilaur),
Crystal; — sangi pa, A stone used to rub
the dirt from the feet ; — sangi parastuk,
Swallow-stone ; — sangi tardzu, A stone,' or
anything similar used in weighing ; — sangi
tardshida, A hewn or squared stone sangi
tufang, The flint of a gun ; — sangi tamdm,
Pull weight ; — sangi ifdiyd, The stone tutty ;
— sangi talii danddn, A stone coming be-
tween the teeth in eating ; — sangi jardhat, A
species of steatites ; — sangi jahannam (hell-
stone), Lunar caustic ; — -sangi jahannami
gjiairi qalamT, Crystallised nitrate of sil-
ver ; — sangi juhuddn, Lapis Judaicus ; —
sangi chdqmdg, A flint for striking fire
(T.) ; — sangi chlrii, Quartz ; — sangi hamam,
A stone found in the crop of a pigeon ;
— sangi khdr (Jchtird, khdra), A hard stone, a
flint; — sangi khdzh, = sangi, j)d, q.v. ; — sangi
khuros, A stone found in the side of a cock,
good for medicinal purposes ; — sangi khazafl ,
A stone resembling sea-foam ; — sang khpur-
dan, To be hit with a stone ; — sang dash-
tan, To weigh, to be heavy ; — sang dar ab
afgandan, To be firmly established ; to
hide, to conceal ; — sang dar astln, Cruel,
injurious, persecuting; — sang dar daluin
auddkhtan, To be silent ; — sang dar sum
budan, To cense, travelling; to be afflicted,
restless ; — sang dar qindd zadan. To darken ;
— sang dar mt'iza, (stone in one's boot) Of
slow motion ; — sang dar rn'iza vftddan, To
be distressed, irresolute; — sangi rah, Im-
pediment ; obstructing, hindering ; — sangi
rah shudan, To forbid ; to hinder, to re-
strain ; — sangi ra'd, A stone ball (for a
cross-bow) ; a stone-roller for making
smooth the flat roofs of houses ; — sangi
roshnd'i, Marcasite stone; — sangi rflyi yakh,
Who runs and busies himself as he is
bidden to do (see sagi ruyi yakh under
nC') ; ■ — sangi zakhm, Ivory-stone ; — sangi
sd'i, Whetstone ; — sangi surkh, A soft
stone found in India; — sangi surma, Native
antimony; — sangi sifdl, Potters' clay;
— sangi safed, A soft stone of the same
species as sangi surkh above ; — sangi sag,
A stone which has passed through the
mouth of a savage dog, and is said to pro-
duce violent strife between meD or animals
amongst whom it is thrown ; — sang suftan,
To perforate a stone, (met.) to accom-
plish some extraordinary feat ; — sangi su-
laimuni (snlaimdniya), An onyx, agate
imported from Snlaimaniya, whence the
name, and used for amulets) ; — sangi sumdq,
Porphyry; — sangi saudd, Pumice-stone; —
sangi siydh, The black stone at Mecca; —
sangi siydhi sokhta, Pumice-stone ; — sangi

siydhi shishagardn, Black ore of manganese;
■ — sang siydh hardan, To slay, destroy ;—
sang-ash bar ruyi db-ast, He is wanting in dig-
nity or authority ; — sangi shajari, Coral and
its roots ; — sangi shir, A grey stone which,
macerated, produces the appearance of
milk ; — sangi shlsha, Stone which is blown
into glass ; — sangi sildya, A stone on which
drugs, &c, are ground; — sangi sandal-sd,
A stone on which sandal is pounded ; — sangi
sanam, A stone from which idols are
carved; — sangi tifldn, Stone thrown by
children at mad people; — sangi J dl, A stone
of divination ; — sangi qdlu A stone placed
on the edge of a counterpane or carpet to
prevent the wind from entering and blowing
it up ; — sangi qibti, Fullers' earth ; — sMigi
qamar, Moonstone ; — sangi qand'at, Stone
of contentment, i.e. a stone strapped tight
to the belly to deaden the pangs of hunger ;
— sangi ham, Short weight (opp. to sangi
tamdm. above) ; — sangi kndakdn, = sangi.
tifldn above ; — sangi lakhshdn, A slippery
stone ; — sangi luqma, A stone found in a
morsel (see sangi tahi dandan above) ;—
sangi garddn, A millstone ; — sang garddn't-
dan, To petrify ; — sang gashtan, To be
petrified ; — sangi mdhl, A hard white
stone found in the head of a fish ; — sangi
masdna, Stone in the bladder ; — sangi muh-
tasib, The stone with which the police-omeer
breaks the wine-bottles, &c. ; — sangi rnihohk,
(mahal.), The touch-stone; the black stone
in Mecca ; — sangi murddr, Litharge (see
*£&~^' J y*) ; — sangi marmar, Marble; — sangi
mag&ni, A soft stone used by glass-makers;
■ — sangi miqndtjs, The loadstone ; — sangi
m'iisd, A black stone so called, a kind of
coal ; — sangi m'tzdn, A stone used in weigh-
ing ; a weight ; — sangi nishdn, A road-
stone ; — sangi namak, Native salt, rock
salt ; — sangi nur, Mareasite-stone ; — sang n
ab nihddan, To utter threats, to frighten
by one's speech ; — sang u tegh muhr har-
dan, To be unemployed, or do anything
nugatory (from the prohibition of the use
of weapons in Mubarrani and Ramadan) ;
— sang u ddgh shud, He is crippled with
wounds ; — sangi wargdn, — sangi bargan
above; — sang u sabu, Servitude; — sangi yd-
sim, A kind of fullers' earth ; — sangi yada,
A magic stone producing rain; — sangi
yardml, A stone of which tooth-powder is
made ; — sangi yasham, A kind of jasper or
agate; — sangi yak-pdrcha (yalc-wasl), A
monolith ; — sangi yaman, Cornelian ; — savgi
yahfid, Lapis Judaicus ; — bar sang randan,
ba-sang tez kardan, To sharpen; — -ba-qa&ri
yak sang, Enough (water) to turn one
(mill-) stone (m.c.) ; — chti sang, (adv.)
Firmly, strongly.

v^A&u. sang-db, Measurement for the
quantity of water running in the canals (in
Teheran 16 to 17 litres per second).

( 703 )

mngar,

_ A fellow-traveller; ships
sailing together ;~singdr, Adornment of a
woman (see u^toy*).

M sang-ded, (Like a stone) Firm,
solid, immoveable.
i>&*~. sangash, Envy, hatred.
y£M n<X- sang-ishkan, A sort of date ;
corn, grain.
uiU&l sang-ieKkank, A kind of date.
<£&~ eang-ajkan, tiSU- ^arajr-

«, A loophole in a fortress ; a slinger ;
a tippler, sot ; pleasure ; thirst ; a holiday
celebrated at the end of Sha'ban.

^j^l ksSu sang-andaei, A throwing of
Btones, lapidation ; — eang-anddxl Icardan,
To throw stones.

mngdna, A red-headed sparrow.
gang-bar, Raining stones ; stony

place.

g^W^— sang-bdrdn, A shower of stones.

u^W**- gang-bdrish, ^LffU* eang-idrt, A
hurling of stones ; a stony place.

nang-bar, Stony place ; fellow-tra-
veller.

<*~~> cXi— sang-bast, Raw from the mine ;
much.

mng-bagta, A grape hardened

ripe.

Cj» sang-bum, A stony country.
yU_^$j_ gang-pistdn, Sebestens.

isSo- gang-pusht, A tortoise ; a

turtle.

sang-post (stone-skin), A tor-
toise.

Jk\j&~. mng-tirash, A stone-cutter; a
mason.

syi C . mng-tara, A kind of orange,
sjy tiXU-. sang-toda, A heap of stones, a
cairn.

JJ scing-taul, Equal in weight.

yV istu. sang-jwn, Cruel, merciless, having
a heart of stone.

Jitp. sang-josh, Boiled by a hot

stone.

zangcha, A hailstone, hail.

(^». tail- gang-chin, Stouee heaped round
a building.

\jU. usSiw sang-bhara, sang-khdra.
A kind of hard stone ; ruggedness of
temper ; avarice.

sjji eang-khurda, A small piece of
stone.

sanq-$iwar, }fiS±~ sang-khwur.
A bittern ; an ostrich ; also a species of
eagle (as swallowing stones) ; the bird
called qatd.

a ej\)*" «a£~- sang-khwdraj, and —

gang-lchwdrak, »)\j*b&~. aang-
h&wdra, A hard pebble ; the bird called qatd.

iljjatSju, sang-kjiwwak, A little gravel-
eating bird called qatd.

£U 4iSU«. gang-ddgh, A heated stone put
in water to sublimate it ; an ardent lover ;
hastening.

sang-dil, Hard-hearted, cruel,

y^A^ mngddn, Crop of a bird, gizzard.
»4£i— sang-ddna, The gizzard of a
bird ; a kind of grain ; a potter ; a potter's
workhouse ; a place of idols ; an idol-
maker.

merciless.

sang-diU, Hardness of heart.
dJj-xSLu. sungdula (dola), A whirlwind.
jfij-* sangur, A porcupine ; intrencbment ;
a bastion, a battery (m.c).
<_*j&~. eingarf, Cinnabar.
o*)j&~. sangurk, gangrak, Hail ; the whirl
of a spindie.
2 *±Si- gang-ru, Brazen-faced, impudent.
ytj <±.C_ sang-rez, Flinging stones ; stoned.
Sjjj «s&~. sang-reza, Gravel; a bulse of
diamonds, or what a merchant carries
about him for sale ; a kind of soup.
(tf)U5jjj&u. gang-rezandk, Gravelly (spot).

sang-san, A light pair o£ scales ;
a make-weight.

jl~3Li~i sangsdr, Stony ; a stoning ; a
slinger ; firmness, stability j transmigra-
tion ; — sangsdr kardan. To stone to death.
^L.SLl- sanqgdri, A stoning to death.
afj-*. gang-gabu, A basket full of
pebbles ; — sang-sabii kardan, To suspend
such a basket to the neck of a person by
way of punishment.

i&p : „< i.. eangisboya, Cinquefoil ; the
plant crabs-eyes, which, infused in vinegar,
is used for the leprosy.

sa «~<:.. sangaet, Name of a place,
y La. sangistdn, A stony country,
iu^. <i.C gang surma, Native antimony.
^£a> <sSj_ sang-shikan, Fruits of the
earth, corn, grain ; a sort of date.

^Jyt X t... sang-nhu'i, Washing (rice) be-
fore dressing, washing the gravel out of
it.

^~>f <s£j~ tang-farsdy, Wearing out the
stones (hoof).

ijiji gang-farsh, Stone pavement

(m.c.) ; — sang fargh kardan, To pave (m.c).

sang-jisdn, A whetstone (see
eangi afsdn under »*&—).

v£&— eangak, A little stone, a pebble j
mail ; a sort of bread baked on a stone ; a
kind of small and black grain ; a sort of
bird.

gangldkh, A stony place; rocky,

stony.

<UXi- gangula. Vetch or millet-bread.

sangam (S. sangwma), Intimate
union, junction; a fellow-traveller; — eangum,
A certain winged animal , an insect re-
sembling a beetle found in baths.

sangam-bar, A fellow-traveller ;

union.

usJU&a- gangndk, Stony (place).
y^Jtj— sangwdn, Name of a fortress in
Persia.

eatigur, A basket in which they

i±£>u. (

carry about and sell beer ; a whirl on the
top of a spindle ; name of a bird.

i*)j£u. gwn-gok, A whirl fixed on a spindle.

Jj^-» sangiil, Necessaries, requisites.

^•r^ sanguya, A strong fort in India.
sanga, A hedgehog ; hail.

(jSj— sangi, Stony ; heavy ; hard ; weight ;
— sangi giriftan, To settle; — buluri sangi,
Crystal.

isSX» sang-yada [sangi yada), A stone
growing in animals' bodies.

sangin, Heavy, weighty ; numerous
(an army) ; stony ; hard, firm, solid ; ob-
stinate ; a bayonet ; name of a fort ; — sangin
budan, To weigh, to be heavy ; — ustukhwdni
sangin, A man of noble race ; — sa'ati (shabi)
sangin, A disastrous hour (night).

^ sangin-pd, Who is unable to

move from the spot, spell-bound.

^. fo — sangin-fchwdr, A small gravel-
eating bird ; a bittern ; an ostrich.

t»—»>> (:>.-£•-- sangin-dast, Who acts with
deliberation.

J>> (Sn^- sangin-dil, Hard-hearted, cruel,
inhuman.

jL. (jj^Xu. sangin-sar, A starling.

^yiaSLw sangini, Weight, heaviness; a
load; solidity; nightmare; offensiveness,
disagreeableness, unpleasantness.

sanlakh, A short-sleeved garment.

A f*^- sanam (v.n.), Being high and hunch-
backed (a camel) ; — sanim, High-bunched;
a high flowering plant.

a ;Uj~. sinimmdr, A robber ; one who does
not sleep at night ; the moon ; name of the
builder of the palace kkawamaq for King
Nu'man, after the completion of which he
was cast headlong from the top of it, lest
he should erect a similar or superior edifice
for any other person ; hence : — jazd'i sinim-
mdr, Sinimmar's requital, i.e. evil for good.

(jjAjs^j— sinmidan, To use violence ; to
suffer molestation ; to be difficult.

a tn~ sanan, Galloping (camels) ; road,
way, path ; — sunun (pi. of sunnat), The
sayings of Muhammad, and the laws based
thereupon.

tyu, sanawd, A cemetery, a burial-place
(unsupported by examples).

a vt>^y— sanawdi (pi. of sanat), Years ; a
rupee which has been current more than
one year ; old coin current at a depreciated
rate after a certain number of years.

x cy~> sunuh (v.n. of zr"), Passing from
the left to the right (game, considered a
good omen) ; happening, occurring, pre-
senting itself ; manifestation ; occurrence.

a tf~ sunukh (v.n. of (~), Being firm,
solid in knowledge ; firmness, constancy.

Jji— sanud, The exercise of the mind
upon an unprofitable subject.

a sunud (v.n. of Being propped,
leaning upon or against.

a (jn jyu. sinudlg, Belating to a synod .

)4 ) ^

a sannilr, A leathern coat of mail ;
armour, arms, warlike equipment; — sin-
naur, A prince, chief, master of a family
vertebras of the neck ; a cat.

t j^-s— sinilr, Limit, frontier.

<j*y~~ si-iiiis, A heap of grain thrashed
out but not yet sifted ; — sunus, Name of a
tree and herb.

a t^u, sanut, <y=y-» sanuta, Beardless.

a sunn' (v.n. of £*-), Being beautiful,
excellent, graceful.

^jS sanau-gird, Name of a village near
Herat.

a sawn, A dentifrice ; a stick used
for that purpose ; — sinun (pi. of sanat),
Tears.

a sanawt, Annual ; — asdri sanawiya,
Chronicles, annals, annual registers.

a <u«. sank (v.n.), Bearing no fruit for
many years (a palm-tree) ; — tsanih, Mould,
mustiness ; musty, mouldy (bread); (wheaS)
several years old.

sanah, An execration, imprecation,
malediction, curse ; robust, strong ; a
species of hard iron which, when hot,
absorbs water ; a bramble ; — sana (for A
is-), A year; — sunuh, A daughter-in-law.
ji^fi- g«jinh,dr, A daughter-in-law.
a ^ sany (v.n.), Watering the ground
(a camel or a cloud) ; — sani, fern. i>-u« sani-
yat, saniya, High, lofty, sublime ; shining,
flashing ; [haldti saniya, Important circum-
stances ;] — sunni, Lawful ; an orthodox Mu-
hammadan who accepts the traditionary
portion of the Muhammadan law ; one who
reveres equally the four immediate succes-
sors of Muhammad, whence they are also
called ekahdr-ydri.

sanai, Iron, steel ; — sini (for sini), A
large shallow bason or voider of silver,
wood, or brass, in which dishes of meat
are carried to and from table ; also in which
pies are baked in the oven ; dross of iron ; —
sunrii, A delicious fish found in Multan.

sanlb, The iron of a spear, arrow,
&c. (see ^y— sanai, for which it is perhaps
a misreading).

t sinir, Limit, frontier (see
y~s— suniz, Caraway- seed.
isj^ sanTxka, A weaver's reed or shuttle ;
thread beyond the width of the piece in the
loom and not woven.

a £<~— sani', Excellent, beautiful.
a t^* 1 — sanin, Sharp, acute, whetted ; of,
to, from years ; coeval ; — tinin (obi, pi. of
sanat used as nom.), Tears; — sunain (dim.
of sindn), The point of a lance (opp. to
bunain, the lower part of it which rests on
the ground).

sau, Name of a fountain in Tii.s ; — sft,
A side, part, quarter ; towards ; (for T. sit)
water ; light ; splendour ; as, like as ; (for
sud) Emolument, profit; — su ba-su, From
this side to that, here and there ; — »&

( 705 )

pas, Afterwards ; — suyi bdgh, Towards the
garden ; — suyi pd didan, To cast down the
eyes from shame; to blush; — suyi khwud
ti&ha zanad, He draws the water to his own
mill ; he thinks only of himself ; — suyi lease
giriftan, To protect, to guard ; — an su, That
part, there, thither ; — in aw, This side, here,
hither ; — ba-sv,, Towards ; — ba-har su, Every-
where ; — zi-har su, har su, From every
side.

a 'ym sau' (v.n.), Grieving, saddening;
doing evil ; — su', Evil ; badness ; indisposi-
tion ; leprosy ; fire ; — su'i adabi, Disrespect ;
rudeness; — su'i Ml, A bad plight; — su'i
hazmi, Indigestion; — su'i zann, An evil
thought ; ill- grounded suspicion ; false
idea ; rash judgment ; — su'i 'amal, A villa-
nous action.

a Jj- sawd' (v.n. of »U), Acting wrong;
grieving, saddening ; equality ; except ;
[sawa shudan, To leave one another, to
separate (n.) ; — sawd kardan, To separate
(trans.) ; — az ham sawd', Different from one
another (m.c.) ;] — siwd, Like, equal.

s-'V" sawab, A straining, a squeezing
out.

A \3*\y sawdbiq (pi. of sdbiqat), Past
events ; swift horses ; — sawdbiqi aiydm,
Former days (ni.c.) ; — sawdbiqi mahabbat,
Old acquaintance, ancient friendship.

a &°\f~> saw' at, Deformity, nastiness ; any-
thing abominable ; a bad quality.

a J=^j~ sawdhil (pi. of sahil), Coasts ; —
sawdhil sawdhil, Prom shore to shore.

sawdd, Lees of wine ; circuit, cir-
cumference ; dung, manure ; — sauoddi pe-
shanl. The appearance of the countenance.

a sawdd, Blackness ; black colour ;
blackening, soot, smoke ; ink ; the heart's
core; the figure of a man in the distance ;
sable raiment ; mourning habiliments ;
great riches ; a large number ; a multitude
of people ; a rough draft ; reading, learn-
ing, ability ; writing (m.c.) ; the rural dis-
tricts (of a province or town), environs,
suburbs ; [sawddi a'zam, Any large city ;
Mecca ; — sawddu 'l-batn, The liver ; — sawd-
dn 'l-'ain, The pupil of the eye ; a beloved
mistress ; — sawddu 'l-qalb, Blackness of
heart ; (met.) love ; original sin ; — sawdd
ba-dast dwardan, To obtain a copy ; — sa wdd
iar-ddshtan (bar-girifian), To transcribe, to
copy ; — sawdd tarashidan, To produce black-
ness; — sawdd tund kardan, To acquire or
produce the faculty of writing and read-
ing ; — sawdd ddshtan, To read a book ; —
sawddi dida, Blackness of the eye ; the
pupil ; — sawdd roshan kardan, sawdd shu-
dan, — sawdd tund kardan above ; — sawdd
zidudan, To remove blackness; — sawddi
sirf, Gross darkness ; — sawdd kardan, To
transcribe, copy, engrosa ; — sawdd gushii-
dan, = sawdd tund kardan above ; — sawddi
nds, A crowd of people ; — asfrdbu 's-sawdd, [

I Melancholy people ; — ahli sawdd, Literary
men, literate people (m.c.) ;] — siwdd (v.n.
3 of «Jj-), Whispering in the ear; voice,
noise ; — suwdd, Paleness of the face ; a
disease incident to cattle ; a whisper in the
ear.

a t>^V" **V* sawdd-khtvdndn, Readers of
books.

a siwdr (v.u. 3 of ;j-), Assailing,
springing on another, seizing by the head ;
siwdr, suwdr, A bracelet ; [tsdti siwdr, A
lady wearing a bracelet ;] — suwdr, Strength
(of wine) ; sharpness.

suwdr (C. asbdra), A cavalier, horse-
man, rider, trooper; a Persian chief (as
being skilful in horsemanship and archery) ;
embarked in a ship, going on board; —
suwdr budan, To be mounted ; to overcome;
— suwdri sistan, Ru statu Zal ; — suwdr shu-
dan, To be mounted; — suwdr shudan bar
Mr, To undertake ; — suwdr ra/tan, To go
mounted, ride ;— suwdri kdlaeka, Driving
in a carriage (m.c.) ; — suwdri kdlaska shu-
dan, To drive (m.c.) ; — suwdr kardan, To
make one mount on horseback ; — suwdr u
piyada, Horse and foot, cavalry and in-
fantry.

t>l>V* g uwdrdn (pi. of suwdr), Horse-
men ; — suwdrdni db, Bubbles ; waves (see

^ suwdr-pd, An active walker; a
nimble pedestrian (see jV*^)-

s^t usljlj-. suwdraki db, A bubble ; a wave.
jV~. suwdr-kdr, A good rider, jockey.

i£>^jV* suwdr-kdrl, Good riding, jockey-
ship ; cavalry ; a trooper ; drunk, tipsy.

y^S;\j— suwdragdn (pi. of suwdrd),
Troopers ; — suwdragdni db, Bubbles, waves.

yjjlj*. sawdrun, A small seed used in
making an eye-salve.

siwdra, Papyrus, sweepings ; — ««-
wara, Mounted on horseback ; a horseman;
a trooper ; — suwdra'i abu 'l-jam'i, Irregular
cavalry ; tribal horsemen (m.c.) ; — suwdra'i
khdssa, Horse-guards (m.c.) ; — suwdra raf-
tan, To ride.

<sjjj j suwdra u bufa, An evening
party, with refreshments served at a buffet
(m.c. from Fr.).

osjV* suwdri. The manege, art of horse-
manship ; riding ; equipage, suite ; — suwdri
kardan, To overcome, to vanquish ; — asbi
suwdri, A saddle-horse; — shuturi suwdri, A
camel for riding ; — mahalli suwdri, A
horse-block.

a aaw&s, A kind of tree which emits
fire.

a <t*~i\y« sawdsiya (pi. of sawd'), Equal.

a suwd', The first watch of the
night ; name of an ancient Arabian idol j
according to others, of an idol of the people
of Noah.

a £\f~ siwdgk, That whereby ease is given
to any pain in the throat by putting down

1,

( 706 )

anything sticking in it; — mwdgJk (v.n. of
tj~)> Going easily down the throat (wine
or food).

A t-rtj~. sawdf (v.n. of Perishing ;

a cucumber; — sawdf, suwdf, A mortality,
murrain, a mortal distemper (amongst
cattle) ; death widely spread.

a £*\j~< saioqfi', Scorching blasts of wind ;
Bcorchings of the face.

A t$l\}~> sawdfm, t^>\j^ sawdfm (pi. of
safun), Ground-sweeping winds.

A sauwaq, A cattle-driver ; — suwdq,
Long-legged ; the buds of a palm-tree when
become a span long ; (pi. of sd'iq) drivers.

a swwdql (pi. of sdqiyat), Trenches

cut in sown fields to water them ; stream-
lets, rivulets.

a ts!\j— sawdk (suwaJc), A gentle pace; —
siwdk (v.n. 3 of <&y»), Kubbing (the teeth
with a certain wood) ; stick for rubbing the
teeth, tooth-pick, tooth-brush ; dentifrice.

d\y suwdk, Smut, blight upon corn.

A jVy su'dl, in P. mostly suwdl (v.n. of
J^~), Asking, begging; praying for; a
question, interrogation ; a problem ; a pe-
tition, demand, request ; a proposition ;
[suwdli ishdri. An indicatory or leading
question; — suwdli tardid, Cross-examina-
tion ; — suwdli hdl kardan, To inquire after
one's health ; — suwdl fchwdstan (Jcardan,
namudan), To make a request, to ask, to
inquire ;-~suwdl dlgar jawdb dlgar, Cross
questions and crooked answers ; — suwdl u
jawdb, Question and answer, dialogue ; —
suwdli kiddy atl, A leading question;] —
su"dl, suwdl (pi. of sd'il), Beggars,

a uwSly- su'dldt (pi. of su'dl), Questions,
requests, <fec.

a s->^ J\>~ su' dl-jawdb, Question and
answer ; dialogue ; discussion, debate ;
cross-examination ; — su'dl-jawdb Tcardan,
To converse (m.c.).

a J\)~ su' dl-khwdnl, Hearing an ap-

plication, entertaining a caBe or suit.

a JV J J su'dl dar su'dl, Question
within question, i.e. cross-examination,

a i_aS\j~ sawdlif (pi. of sdlifat), Past
events.

a <_jJ\j- suwdli, A questioner; he who
sings the margiya.

a suwdm (for A. suwdmm, pi. of
samm), Poisonous animaJs,

a t*\f sawdnih, Accidents, occurrences,
events.

a e'V* sawdnih-nigdr, A news-writer,
a (j)^ siwdy, Besides, except.
a fS\y sawd'im, Flocks, herds feeding.
s->>- sub. Water.

<j>t}^~. suban, Name of a valley in Persia
(unsupported by examples) ; name of a
Persian medicine (doubtful).

^S-My- subdi, A starling.

siibard (in Zand), Hope, hopeful-
ness.

j—» su ba-su, From side to side ; side
by side.

)Wy siibakdr, An ancient idol-temple in
Ghaznin.

hty subiyat, Wine made from wheat.
sup, Water (in the dialect of Khwa-

razm).

K^Sif supdri, The areca-nut.

supargd, Superga, a church near
Turin where the kings of Piedmont are
buried (m.c).
, VT* siip-jpakand, Water and bread
(in the dialect of Khwarazm) ; according to
others a demand or search for water and
bread.

u~i y su pas, Afterwards.

a supa, Supper (m.c. from Fr. souper).

•*>f~- sut, A whistle; — sut zadan, To whistle
(mm.cc).

sutdm, Little, small ; deficient ; few ;
bad (in the dialect of Tiis).

/y- sUtar, Farther, beyond.

iSy* sota-barddr, A mace-bearer.

A sauj, cjWj~ sawajdn, A going
slowly.

Ej~ so) (for sos), A burning.

t^lfi-f sujarunitan, (in Zand) To bring.

\J^y sqjish (for soeish), A burning.

soja, A gore, gusset.
a^-. sucha, A gore, gusset ; a fool ; in
love.

t <j»y- suehl, Wine.

t Aili sucM-khdna, A tavern, a wine-
shop.

A iy saubh, fcj^j- sawakhdn (v.n. of ty*),
Sinking in the mud ; yielding to the feet
(soft ground) ; — sulch, Name of a village.

ty~ sukh, An onion ; a city in Turkistan.

E ^^j- sukhdri, Biscuit (m.c).

m-s-j- sokjd, Burnt ; a revoke at cards.

a ; -i" sokht-tira, Bay, chesnut horse.

sokhtagi, Combustion ; a burn ;
the burnt wick or snuff of a candle ; vexa-
tion, heart-burning ; — -sokktagl az dbi garm,
A scald from hot water.

i^e-y sokhtan (imp. son), To burn, to be
inflamed ; to set on fire ; to blast (cold) ; to
remain unpaid (money, a stipend, <fec.) , —
wd-sokhtan, To repudiate, to resist.

1>? *as-j~ sobhtani, Fit or deserving to be
burnt.

s^j- sokhta, Burnt; burnt by hell-fire
(a term of abuse, as in isij-. jii q.v.) ; dis-
eased in the liver ; a slow match ; weighed ;
overtaken by troubles ; dross ; dregs, lees ;
tinder ; drunk ; name of one of the trea-
sures of Khusrau ; a student.

V> 6ji£.j~ sokhta-pd, Pacing along, hasten-

ing,

^ sokhta-jdn, Consumed, pained,

sokhta-khirman, Whose har-

vest is burnt.

a s-fji sokMa-kaukab, Unfortunate,
unlucky.

A <ip* sud, A being prince or chief, do-
minion ; (pi. of aswad) black.

J>y* sawad (for sabad), A wicker-basket ;
— sud. Gain, lucre, emolument, advantage,
profit; interest, usury ; (for but), a feast,
festive conversation ; acquainted with every
art; (abbreviated inf. of sudan) to rub; —
end kliwurdan, To exact usury ; — sud dash-
tan, To derive profit ; to avail ; (also con-
strued with the verbs tarashidan, burdan,
dddan and kardan\) — sud Jcardan (for Su-
dan), To rub, &c. ; — sudi mdya, Profit on
capital stock ; — chi sud, What is the use of
it? (m.c.)

\>>y* sauda, Trade, traffic, marketing;
gain, profit, emolument; — sauda bar-ham
khwurdan (bar -ham sadan, burtdan), To
upset a bargain ; — sauda, dashtan (dwr-
giriftan), Commerce thrives ; — sauda shikas-
tan. To break a bargain; — sauda Jcardan
(namudan), To barter ; — sauda girih sha-
wad (gardad), Trade is becoming dull ; —
sauda'i turkdna Jcardan, To trade negli-
gently or carelessly.

a saudd y (fem. of aewad~), Black ; the
heart's core ; original sin ; the black bile ;
love, passion, concupiscence, ambition ;
melancholy; madness; a rash; atrabilious,
furiouB ; — sauda pukhtam, To entertain a
violent desire ; to be mad ; — sauda' bar
sar zanad, Darkness prevails ; — sauda,' dar
amad, Darkness approaches ; — sauda'i Jcaj
pukhta.n, To be deluded by a vain imagina-
tion ; — sauda Jeardan,= sauda pukhtan above.
siidaba, Name of the wife of Kai

Kawus.

a ct-y* 1 saudd-parast, Sensual ; ambi-
tious.

sauda-jay, A place of brisk trade.
\«>j~. saudd-khdna, A house or place
of commerce.

sauddr, A general, commander (pro-
bably misreading for sar-ddr).
a saudi-zada. Mopish, melancholy.

<— sauda, suluf (salaf?), Traffic,
barter.

<iy» sud-a-sud, Profit upon profit,
what gain !
ij£}4y saudd-kada, A house of commerce.
sauddgar, A merchant; melan-
cholic; — sauddgar-bachcha, A merchant's
son, a young merchant ; — sauddgar-bachchi,
A merchant's daughter.

^jSIoj- saudagari, Trade, commerce.
a sauddn, A sort of nightingale ; —
suddn, Negroes, blacks ; Ethiopians.

suddniydt, A woodpecker,
$ sud-dwar, Profitable ; a merchant.

suddiva, Wife of Kai Kawus.
a sautJftwl, Melancholy, dejected,

atrabilarious ; — sauddwiyu 'l-mizdj, Of a
melancholy temperament ; an atrabilarian.

a sauda'i, Melancholy, black bile;

melancholic, an atrabilarian ; a madman,

Jj*. sud-khwdr, ^ Jj- sad khwur, An
usurer ; a publican.

a -iiiy. siidad, su'dud, Principality, do-
minion.

v_AJy> sawidash, A ploughshare (unsup-
ported by examples).

^.y. sudagl, Wear and tear, friction.

(ji** - Jj- sud-kesh. An advantageous line
of action or conduct.

•xu>j^» sudmand, Useful, fruitful, gainful,
salutary, profitable, advantageous.

0> M/Oj~, sudmandl, Profit, gain, advan-
tage.

my* sildatt, To rub, wear, tear, grind,
consume, break ; to dissolve, steep in
water ; to handle, stroke ; to anoint, be-
smear, incrust, bedaub ; to transfix, pierce.

»«y* s-iida, Eubbed, worn, triturated ;
melted, dissolved, effaced ; powder.

^•iy audi, Money borrowed at interest.

a jjy rnuzak, A bracelet.

a saur (v.n.), Climbing (a wall) ; — sur,
A wall of a city, a rampart ; (pi. of siwdr)
bracelets ; — also suwar (pi. of surat), Lofty
edifices ; rows of stones in a wall ; chapters
of the Qur'an ; — su'r, Remains, leavings.

sur, Nuptials ; a banquet, feast, en-
tertainment; redundant, exceeding; excuse,
plea ; ash-colour ; red colour ; red wine ; a
horse, ass, or mule marked with a stripe
from the withers to the tail; name of a
bird ; name of a city ; a name by which
some of the Afghans are distinguished ; —
tartibi stir, The arrangement of a feast ; —
muqadammdti sur, The preparations for a
feast.

\jy surd, Name of a city.

a <jJ\jy surdt (pi. of sural), Suras or
chapters of the Qur'an.

t*jy stlrdJch, A hole, orifice, passage ; —
surdkh/i Mni, The nostril ; — surdkjii soz,
Touch-hole of fire-arms ; — surdkh shud dar
dsmdn (saqji daman), A great calamity has
happened ; — surdkhi koh, A tunnel (m.c.) ;
— surdkhi mag' ad (kun), The hole of the
fundament, the anus ; — surdkM mushl ba-
sad dinar mikharad, JSe would buy a mouse-
hole for a hundred dinars (said proverbially
of one who would pay any price to escape
from a great danger).

W t^y surdkh-jd, Place where a hole is
made; — surdkh-ja'i top, Embrasure for
cannons.

tfjr* surdkh-ddr, Perforated, drilled,
full of holes ; worm-eaten.

s-^— t^)y surdkh-sumb, A wimble, auger ;
an instrument for tapping horses' navels.
iJ / thf surakh-karda, Bored, drilled.
t^f* surdkh-kan, A wimble, gimlet,
borer.

siirdn, A starling.
a £>;j- saurat, An assault, attack ; strength
(of wine) ; violence ; power, despotism ;
severity of cold j — surat, A row of stones in

( 707 )

( 708 ) ^

a wall; a structure (especially lofty) ; a
chapter of the Qur'an.

•*»;**» sural, City and province of Surat.
suraj, A sort of sea-foam.

t eursdt, Eequisitions in kind

levied from the enemy ; — sweat jam' kar-
dan. To collect requisitions (mm.cc).

O^VT* s-uredn, Name of a city founded by
Nushirwan.

j^jy suristdr, A minister to a king or
prince.

f^y^-jy suristdrdm (pi. of the preceding),
Ministers.

yU-y-. euristan, Syria.

t m>U>y«. sursat, — ut>L.jj~. q.v.

f A*** surtfMn, The red saul.

0*t*jy surmldan, To blow a trumpet.

t suran, An assault, irruption, war-
whoop.

l> jy swr-wa, A multitude of people, con-
vivial meeting ; — sur-na ^ jy stir-nay, A
trumpet, a clarion blown on feast-days ; (in
the language of Sodomites) the penis; —
sdr-nd zadan (nawdkjdan), To blow the
trumpet; (met.) to talk foolishly or at
random.

O^r^y surinjdn, Wild saffron, dogs-
bane, hermodactyl.

iSjy Burl, A beautiful red rose of an
odoriferous and exhilarating flavour ; vi-
triol, red copperas ; mirth ; a kind of arrow
or javelin ; belonging to the city of Sur ; —
sure, One marriage.

A h)y suriat, Syria.

W&y suriyus, Name of Nimrod,

■jy. soz, Burning ; inflammation, heat ; a
burning fever; heart-burning, ardour;
affection; disturbed in mind ; the cautery ;
a stanza of a marsiya or elegiac poem ; —
eozi birddari, Fraternal affection ; — pur-soz,
Full of heat.

\>y sozd, Burning violently, giving excru-
ciating pain ; a bile, felon ; — reshi sozd, A
smarting wound.

j\)y gossdr, Flame ; a setting on fire.

d\)y sozak, An inflamed ulcer, a pimple ;
burning ; gonorrhoea, chaude-piBSe.

(J)y sozan, Burning, inflaming ; ardent,
fervent; — atishi sozan, A flaming fire.

W*i\)y sozdndan, To burn, to consume
(m.c).

<J>\)y sozdni, Heat,

sozdnidan, To set on fire.

\j>>)y sozish, Burning, conflagration ; a
chafing or fretting ; solicitude, vexation.

^)y sozak, Blennorrhcea, gleet.

}\^jy soz-guddz, Burning and melting ;
au impassioned style in poetry.

Oy sozam, Sour milk falling in clots.

ujj- sozan, A. needle ; pricker (of a gun) ;
— sozan afshdndan (rekhtan), To punish, to
torment, to afflict ;■ — sozan zadan chize-rd
dar {bar), To fix a thing in ; — sozani Had, A
needle which Jesus is said to have carried

with him on his ascent to heaven, indi-
cating that he used to mend his own clothes
while on earth ; — jd'i sozan na-bud, There
was no room for a needle (m.c).

usi^jj-. soznak, Burning, ardent; plain-
tive.

^H\y~ sozan-dar, (*\&)y somnddn, A
needle-case.

^jjjj- sozindagi, A conflagration.

* J j fcijj- »ozan-mda, Pricked with a needle.

SA&jj~ sozanda, Burning, kindling; a
burner.

tyj* sozan-farosh, A needle- vender.

fiiy sozangar, A needle-maker.

«sU)j~. somnak, = <£)y q.v.

(jijj- sozam, Quilting ; tamboured work ;
a kind of ornamented carpet; a small
throne ; a seat of state.

p\*J)y sozan-y&m (for sozan-niydm), A
needle-case.

jU. j jj-* son u saz, Inflamed with passioD,
love, or grief ; anguish of mind.

ijy soza, The head-band or fastening of
the breeches ; a bit of cloth (especially
quadrangular, put under the arm-pits of
shirts) ; elevation of mind, dignity, pride ;
name of a plant resembling spinage,

^\y sozi, A conflagration.

0^jy suziyan (for sud, ziydn), Good and
bad ; open and secret ; money, wealth, capi-
tal, goods, and chattels ; a present ; a whis-
per; a secret ; sympathetic, kind, benevo-
lent,

yJijy. so&ldan, To burn ; to be burnt.
sozha, — $>y q.v.

ij*y bus, Liquorice ; an ointment used by
women from the fat of the mentor ; name
of a town of Khuzistan, built by Sua, son
of Sam, where the tomb of the prophet
Daniel is venerated ; hay, clover; a moth ; —
bdra'i sus, The first wall erected after the
deluge.

a sus, Nature, disposition; root,

origin ; moth, weevil, tick, or other similar
worms ; — saw»8 (v.n.), Being injured by
moths (wool), by weevils (corn), by ticks
(sheep).

W~^~ siisibd, yi—y eueibar, (in Zand and
Pazand) A horse.

stispand, A kind of milky grass.

a susat, One weevil.

Jj <u_y» sawasta-pul, Sebastopol (m.c).

SJ j siis-mda, Worm-eaten, moth-

eaten.

<iUy- susk, An insect resembling a beetle,
mostly found in baths ; — susak, A bird
resembling a partridge, but smaller.

jU_j«. susmdr (S. sisumdra), A species
of green lizard, with the head of a serpent,
whose grease women eat and anoint them-
selves with, to augment their fatness; an
alligator ; a porpoise.

i$-y siisan, in A. sausan, A lily, iris,
flag-flower (seethe preceding); a fir-tree;

( 709 )

— B&tani azad, The white lily ; — susani az-
raq, The blue lily ; — sUsani dsmdnguni, A
variegated kind of lily, yellow, white, and
blue ; — susani Jchata'% The yellow lily.

t)Vj o->j~ susan-zabdn, Unable to speak
(the tongue, i.e. leaf, of the lily being
dumb) ; eloquent (like a lily whose every
tongue is speaking).

susana, A lily.
silsainbar, = ; ; ' ■>■■ ■ -■• q.v.
_ u*f <$~f- susan-gosh, Having ears shaped
like lilies (said of a horse).

susani, Lilied ; a blueish colour.

6 -)- scisa, A weevil.

(jr-j- susi, A cloth of silk and cotton.

A. gvsanna, Susanna.

a saut (v.n.), Flogging, lashing ; vio-
lence, severity ; a scourge, lash, cat-o'-nine-
tails; the part lashed; a share, portion.

A saw' (v.n.), Being turned loose and
allowed to pasture freely without a keeper
(a herd or flock) ; remaining unoccupied,
idle ; part of the night.

a saujfh (v.n.), Going easily down
the throat (wine or Victuals) ; swallowing
easily ; being lawful, allowed, permitted ;
one colt born immediately after another.

t vtMy, saughat, A magnificent present
made to kings or grandees, or sent by
friends to friends ; a curiosity.

sau g ha, A fixed sum paid to the
accountants by soldiers out of their monthly
pay.

A sauf (v.n.), Discovering by the
smell ; smelling ; being patient ; perishing ;
a particle giving to the verb a future sense,
and implying a promise, threat, or wish ;
wish, desire, hope ; [yaqtdtu 's-sauf, He feeds
on hope ;]— suf, Soft ground.

<-Jj- »m/(G. cro<£«i), Wisdom.

sufdr, giifttra, J^»j~ swfdl, The

notch in the arrow which receives the
string ; a small perforation ; the eye of a
needle ; an earthen vessel ; — sufdri sozan,
A needle's eye.

t)M j^y Bufdr-laban, Catamites.

O^j- sufdn, Tinder.

titiy* eufdna, The eye of a needle ; the
notch of an arrow.

<«*j- sufta, Deceit, fraud ; a weevil.

sufcha, A part of melted gold and
silver ; excrement or gum of the eyes ;
sticks and straws.

\fr gufara, Name of Kaiqubad's vazir.

<j ijJtLljj^, sufigtd'iya, A sophister.

o 6)jak»j~ sufatiyun, Castoreum.

(jij- eufl, Wise.

a jj~ sauq (v.n.), Driving on, stimu-
lating, impelling, urging, pushing forward,
sending ; sending a marriage portion to a
bride (in the shape of cattle, <fcc.) ; hurting
or striking the leg (sdq) ; — suq, A bazar,
market, public square, forum ; (pi. of sdq)
legs; [suqu'l-harb, The fiercest onslaught

in a battle ; — Mi suq, People at market ;]
sawaq (v.n.), Having a handsome leg ;
length and elegance of leg ; — suwaq (pi. of
&J-), Subjects, &c.

sauqdt (for saugkdt), A present; —
sawqdt firistadan, To send as a present
(m.c).

a <&f~ suqat, suqa, Market-people ; sub-
jects, plebeians, lowest of the people.

a ^)~> 8uqi, Belonging to a market; mar-
ket ; vulgar, common.

a <^j~. sank (v.n.), Bubbing (the teeth
with a dentifrice).

sok, An ear of corn ; a beard of corn ;
thin-bearded.

<atfj~ vnhvk, Blight, smut, mildew.

<*ff» auka, A hole ; anus ; vulva.

^Sy sog (S. soka), Grief, sorrow, affliction,
mourning.

lSj~ sogd, Very sad, in deep distress.

f^Sy. sog-ddr, Dressed in mourning; sad,
grieved.

JSj- stigal, Blight, smut, mildew.
t ijfy soguli, A lover ; beloved, a fa-
vourite.

i-*U tsJj- sog-ndma, A book describing
modes of mourning, and containing funeral
orations, &c.

«wSj~ saugand, An oath, swearing; — saugand
bar-dwardan (Jkhwurdan, ydd kardan), To
take an oath, to swear; — saugand dddan,
To administer an oath ; — eaugandi ditrogh,
A false oath ; — saugandi satldr, A kind of
oath used by gamblers and sodomites ; —
saugand shikastan, To break an oath, to
perjure oneself.

^■xtSy. \ joS^, saugand-a-saugandi, Mutual
asseveration.

juSj_ saugand-khwdr, A swearer.
sogwdr, Mournful, afflicted ;— 'anda-
libi sogwdr, The mournful nightingale.

<j/jSj~. sogwdri, Mourning j — sogwari
kardan, To mourn.

sogi, Afflicted, mournful.

iiLS } ~, sogydna, Mourning-clothes.

yj^, sogldan, To weep, mourn.; to
cough.

is;**.?-
help.

a J'j-. su'l, Anything which is the subject
of inquiry.

Jj- sul, An aqueduct, canal ; — sul, suwal,
The Bole of the foot of a camel, a sheep, or
a goat; an ash-coloured stripe, verging to
black, from the withers to the tail of a
horse, ass, or mule.

h J)- sul (S. sula), Colic, gripes.

e Jj~ sol, Salt (m.c).

suldkh (for siirdkh), A hole.

tjSj- sawaldn, Juice of the buckthorn ;
roof of a house ; heights, eminences ; name
of a mountain near Ardabil, in every age
the abode of pious men ; name of a prophet
of the Israelites (unsupported by examples).

sugirl, Protection, assistance,

J>- ( 710 )

<*My sUZak, Mildew, smut.

iiy tola, A hole; anus; vulva; a home-
born slave ; a cry ; the yell of a dog.

^y taull, A ploughshare.

H Jy sull. An impaling-stake.

Q±£y eulidan, To weep, mourn ; to cough
(doubtful word).

A ?y mum (v.n.), Estimating, fixing a
price; bidding against, raising the price
upon another ; selling at a high price ;
being sharp in buying or selling.

fy siwum, Third.

(jwy sumdn, A little, somewhat ; name
of a place.

uuU*^» somamat, somndt (8.8dma-ndtha),
Name of an idol- temple inGuzerat, destroyed
by Mahmiid Ghaznavi.

yt~y somcmdar, A salamander.

i*y suma, End, term ; a mark for arcberB ;
a banner ; the image or stamp on coin ;
dust, filings.

gy saun, Praise ; — tun, A side, a part ;
like, resembling.

<±ii\iy sondnJe, Snoring ; breathing hard
from running.

tfy timich, *°fy sunaha, A quadrangular
patch of cloth put under the armpits of
Bhirts.

(iy tunajch, Name of a city.

ij&y suniah, Any fragment that falls in
filing or polishing, filings.

*J*yfy tunoihymsh (G. (rvvoxos), A con-
tinued fever ; an inflammatory fever.

urffy sunihish, ~- ij&y q.v,

^y swrniiz, Coriander.

a t>y mwuM (v.n, of iy), Yielding to
the feet (soft earth).

vAjj" eawush, A camel's hoof.

a C)) Buhan-ruk, Vexatious, cantan-

kerous.

ty sith, = &&y q.v. (unsupported by
examples).

y~£j«» suhieh, — \^y q.v.

O^y tukan, A file for iron or wood ; —
tuhdn Jcardan, To file.

a ts-l,-, yK&y suhdn-sablat, With a mou-
stache like a file (nickname given by
Mas'ud of Ghazna to the dervishes).

jtf t>U« t&han-k&r, Worker with a file,
filer.

&t>y auhan, A file ; a whetstone.

&J»>y sUha, An anvil ; filings.

a. ^y saim, Equal, proportioned ; in good
condition, perfect ; [samyu 'l-ihidq, Even-
tempered ;] — siwa, Equal, alike ; a mean,
medium, mediocrity ; beside, except ; [siwa
'alaiya, It is all the same to me ;] — suwd,
Straight, even (road).

^gy mm, A side, part, quarter; towards.

a. &iy sawiyat (fern, of satiny), Equal;
equality, uniformity ; straightuess, even-
ness ; a kind of pack-saddle stuffed with
straw, hair, or herbage ; [_'ald 's-eawiyat,

Equally, in the same manner;] — swwaiyat,
suwaiya, Name of a woman.
■±iy sawxd, A ploughshare.
a a\A>y suwaidd', suwaidd, Blackish
(woman) ; a black dot; — suwaidd'u 'l-qalb,
suwaidd' i bdl, The heart's core ; original
sin.

y\~iiy suyidan, A burying-ground.
^yty m'tyargha, Affliction, trouble, hard-
ship (unsupported by examples).

JVijjj^ s&yargk&l, A royal robe or present;
a territory, town, or village granted by the
king in feudal tenure.

^y suy-zan, A needle.
tj~iy sawes, Ignorance, carelessness ; —
mwie, Switzerland (m.c. from Fr. Suisse).

a u~>»— suwls, suwoAs, Suez on the Arabian
gulf.

>*~~iy sawest, Ignorance, inadvertency.
&—iy sawesa, The rainbow.
t*Aiy sawlshim,A green stone ; an agate.
w 4 "*^ <^r* suy-gkdmish, The tuning of
musical instruments ; compliments, flattery
paid.

a i^iy sawlq, The meal of wheat, barley,
or vetches pounded small and fried ; wine.

t$iy savin. Household utensils, as pots,
kettles, cups, and saucers ; a dog's drinking,
trough.

*~ sih, Three ; — sih fawandi akhsMjdn,
Animals, vegetables, and minerals.

a V* sukd, An obscure star in the Lesser
Bear.

a ^V- suhdd, Inability of sleeping, wake-
fulness.

a*-^ *~ sih-asba, Haste ; swift, expedi-
tious.

suhdla, Filings of gold or silver.
a sakdm, The scorching of the wind;
violent heat of the summer ; gossamer ; —
sihdm, Name of a valley in Yaman j (pi. of
sahm) arrows ; lots, chances, portions,
shares ; [sihdmi hddis, The arrows of death;]
— sukdm, Leanness, thinness ; changing
colour, turning pale ; — sahhdm, A maker of
arrows.

us^jtSi\ iL. sih angusht, *~» sih shdhh,
A three-pronged fork with which corn is
turned.

a iy<~ sahdwat, Easiness, smoothness of
pace.

£Uj i~, sih aiwdni dimagh, The

three chambers of the brain, which are the
seats of reflection, imagination, and me-
mory.

a s-v eahb, A wide-extended plain or
desert; a horse going with long steps; —
suhb, Level ground.

sih-barga, (three-leaf) Trefoil.
i~ sih-basa, Third ; — sih-basa nishastan,
To sit in the third place.

&~> sih-bandt, A soldier employed in
collecting revenue ; an establishment of
peons, <&c. ; — muddm-sihbandi, A fixed esta-

v**«* (

blishment ; — hangdma-sikbandi, A tempo-
rary establishment.

<J*i 4- sih-pdy, A tripod ; a high three-
legged stool, used in mosques when lighting
the lamps.

ajlj sih-pdya, A tripod ; — sih-pdya'i
hawa'i, The airy tripod, i.e. the Eagle (a
constellation).

j> iu sih-pcvr, Of three feathers, adorned
with three feathers.

dfi sih-parak, &j> 4-» sih-para, Lines
drawn oa sand for playing at dice.

sahpardr, The element fire (unsup-
ported by examples.

*~ sih pur, (three sons) The three
kingdoms of nature, animal, vegetable,
and mineral.

fa *~ sik-pahar. The third watch ; after-
noon.

Av» sih-pahlu, Trilateral.

u iL. sih-td, Threefold ; three-stringed.

_>U 4~ sih-tdr, 4- sih tdra, A guitar ;
the Great Bear.

eahtar (?), A game in archery.

5«j^ <u sih-jdda, (three ways) Length,
breadth, and thickness ; truth, law, and
religious rites.

•u* a~ sih chand, Thrice as much.

(^y. (U. sih-khwdn, A Trinitarian, Chris-
tian.

y^jt 4- sih khpdhardn, 4~ sih

duhhtar, Three stars in the Great Bear.

a sahd, Beautiful, elegant ; — suhd,
eahad (v.n.), Being unable to Bleep; watch-
fulness, sleeplessness; — suhud. One who
sleeps little ; wide awake, vigilant, sharp.

isl.j <5~ gih-dwrak, Lines drawn upon the
sand for playing at games of hazard.

a_ sih duri, The three distances, i.e.
length, breadth, and thickness.

ji4 A- sih-dair, (three-cupola) Name of
an oratory built for Bahram gur by Numin
bin Munzir.

4_ sih digdr, Third, in the third

place.

sahrdn, Name of a mountain where
reeds grow ; — sahrdni, Produced on that
mountain (reed pen).
a t£fl~ sahrdn, Watchful, watching.
fc sihr, An ox ; a cow.
a jif- sahar (v.n.), Wakefulness, watch-
ing; sleeplessness ; coma; — sahari subdtl,
Coma vigil (med.).

suhrdb, Name of the son of Eustam

Zal.

m ( _yfcjh'\j< r . suhrd'ishi, Chastisement,
punishment.

eSi, (L. sih-rang, Three-coloured ; a silk.

a t)) **• sih '^A, Animals, vegetables
minerals.

4-. sih-rud, Three-stringed guitar.

Jjjj^ suhrward, Name of a small town
chiefly inhabited by Kurds.

jj, 4~ gih roz, Three days.

711 )

6 jjy 4— sih-roza, Of three days' continu-
ance.

8^- sahra (for *)»-«), A goldfinch.

h lye sihra, A coronet of pearls, em-
broidery or flowers placed upon the head of
the bridegroom at a wedding.

&5L. 4- sih-sdla, Three-yearly, triennial.

t$*~- ir- sahistan, To fear, to dread.
4-» sih-sambar, Water-mint.

J**— 4~i sih-suTnbul, Mother of thyme.
<5_ sih shdkh, 4<s.U> 4— sih thdkJta,
(three branches) Animals, vegetables, and
minerals.

i^jjb. i_ sih-shamhih, sih-shamba, Tuesday.

a <ji-*lk 4-. sih-gulmai, ut>V*U» 4~. sih-?.ulamdt,
Three darknesses, viz. of the loins, the
belly, and the womb.

a J* 4_ sih Him, Three sciences, theolo-
gical, natural, and mathematical.

a j*-* 4iJi sih ghurfa'i maghz di-
mdjfA), The three chambers of the brain,
i.e. of reflection, imagination, and memory.

a sahf (v.n.), Weltering in blood,
and writhing (a murdered man) ; — sahaf
(v.n.), Being extremely thirsty ; intense
thirst.

j>i)jh 4_ sih, farzand, (three children) The
three kingdoms of nature, animal, vegetable,
and mineral,

A isXt— sahk (v.n.), Blowing with violence
(wind) ; sweeping the dust from the ground
(wind) ; rubbing, wearing out ; — sahah, The
smell of fish or meat (especially when fetid) ;
the smell of rust.

&j&Z L* sih-hunja, Triangular; a tri-
angle.

tsli>jf 4- eih-kuhak, A twig ; a triangular
thorny plant.

0\S 4- gih-gan, Triple.

4»^4~ sih-gdna, A drinking-cup ; triple.

8^4- sih-gdh, A musical note.

4-, sih-gul, A sort of mulberry ; a black-
berry.

(^x,jS 4~ sih gumbaddn, Name of a
fortress.

a>£ i~. sih-gosha, A triangle ; thistle j
caltrop.

jAjf &_ sih gohar, Three substances, i.e.
animals, vegetables, and minerals.

a Jv- sahl, A plain, level country, soft
soil; anything soft ; easy; easy -tempered j
name of a man ; [sahlu l-hazm, Digestible ;
— sahl Jcardan (girifian), To make easy, to
make light of, to slight;] — sahil, Easy,
simple, facile.

a- sih-lab, gJ *- 8ih lunj, An ulcer on
the lips or about the mouth.

a y» Jif- sahl-ju, Seeking the easiest
course ; peaceable.

a £ Jv- sahl-go, A soft or easy speaker.

jSa- sih-lu, Threefold, triple.

f*e- sdhm, Bahim, Terror, dread ; — sahm
dddan, To terrify ; — eahm sahietan (nishas-
tan), To be terrified.

( 712 )

A aahm, An arrow either for shooting
or drawing lots ; a transverse beam of a
house ; a portion, lot ; name of a constel-
lation ; the segment of a circle ; a measure
of six cubits ; name of a tribe ; (v.n.) beat-
ing (another) at casting lots ; [sahmii 's-
sa'adat, The arrow of good fortune, i.e.
wealth, honours, &c. ; — sahmu 'l-gkaib, The
arrow of the invisible, i.e. death, fate ; a
portion of the food kept for the absent
sahm nihadan, To apportion;] — suhum,
Eadial lines, rays of the sun; thirst; intense
heat ,• intellectual men, philosophers.

»U A*, sih mah, The three mathematica-
dimensions, length, breadth, and thickness.

aaU ,u sih-mdha, Of three months' dura-
tion.

a A*a- suhmat, suhma, Portion, part ; re-
lationship.

sahmgin, Formidable, fearful,

awful.

ii)U«-v_ sahimndk, Horrible ; frightened.

CJ^frMr* sahmidan, To dread, to fear.

gU$ <u sih nitaj, (three offsprings) The
three natural kingdoms.

J-Mfx sahand, A mountain in Azarbaijan.

uwy i- sih naubat, Childhood, manhood,
and old age ; prayer at dawn, sunrise, and
noon ; the three times a day that music was
played before the royal palace (a practice
established by Sikandar, and increased to
five times by San jar).

h. ye" sahv) (v.n.), Forgetting, blundering
through inattention; oversight; inadver-
tency ; omission ; neglect, negligence ; —
sahwu 'l-'aqd (-qubb), An error in compu-
tation ; — sahwi qalam, A slip of the pen, an
error in writing ; — sahwi kdtib, A clerical
error, a mistake of the copyist; — sahvi liar-
dan, To make a mistake or blunder ; to
forget ; to neglect.

a sahiv-an, Inadvertently, errone-

ously.

a ipc- suhwat, A she-camel ; a huge stone ;
a reposing-bench raised before the door of
an Arabian house ; a small warehouse or
cellar; three or four pieces of wood joined
together upon which anything is laid, a
rack, a towel-horse.

a Jjfl- svhfd (pi. of sahl), Plains.

A fljif- suhiilat (v.n, of J-<rO, Being soft
and level (ground).

a pyf* eahum, Austere, stern, grim ; —
suhum (v.n. of ,*«-•), Being lean ; turning
pale ; grinmess, austerity.

^yic. sahl, Erect (cypress); fresh, young;
name of the wife of Ira], youngest son of
Faridun.

a swha, A small star in the Lesser
Bear.

(jV- sahl-bdla, 0 high stature.
is^&r* sahlt, A lofty edifice.
udi i— sih yak ydka, yoke), A

third ; three aces (at dice) .

JrMr* suhail, The star Canopus; — mhadli
'arab, Name of a celebrated Arab.

oW» suhaili, Relating to Canopus,

(♦*Mr- sahim, A partner ; equal, even. ■
sai, A stone ; — si, Thirty ; — si w du,
Thirty-two (implying the teeth).

A ^ sly, Equal, alike.

W~ sayd, Senna ; — niyd, Black.

siydb, Ornament ; life ; (imp. of the
eiydbtdan) adorn thou.

A v>W- siydb, A plant which, when green,
is taken to move the bowels, when ripe, us
an astringent ; according to others, an un-
ripe date.

O**?^- siyahidan, To adorn, array, pre-
pare.

d^fi W- siyd-jiosh, A public situation ;
testimony taken by a judge.

a <^>W- saiiji'at (pi. of miyi'at), Wins,
crimes.

a 5W- siyi'ij, A thorn-hedge, fence.
a cW- saiydh, A great or frequent tra-
veller, a travelled man ; itinerant ; an
itinerant monk; a passenger (m.c).

a SaA*- siydhat (v.n. of c*~0, Travelling,
going on pilgrimage ; a journey, voyage ;
a pilgrimage ; a promenade, walk, rido in a
boat, &c. (m.c.) ; — siydhat hardan, To
travel (m.c).

cs-«.U_ siydkat-ndma, A book of travel,
a travelling account.

a siyddat, Dominion, rule, sove-

reignty; chieftainship; relationship tu Mu-
hammad by descent from Ffitimah (see •**-)•
a v 1 — srt <***t*~ svyadat-irdisdb, Behiting
to sovereignty ; lordly, sublime.

jV*— siydr, A press for wiuo, cider, or oil ;
bread of barley, beans, and millet ; house-
hold furniture.

AjW— saiydr, One who wanders, walks
much, or take,? the air for amusement; a
journeyer, traveller, wanderer.

a SjW- saiydrat, saiydra, (A woman) who
walks much ; a body of travellers, a cara-
van ; a planet or planets.

Ji>j\ ^ sl-arash, Thirty cubits Song, i.e.
very long (a lance).

^jLw. siydr'i, Galangale ; sweet cane.

siyds, Tale-bearing.

A tj*\r" siyds (pi. of sain), Grooms.
a iJ^, siydsat (v.n. of <j-j-), Killing,
governing, managing ; government, admi-
nistration of justice ; public punishment,
torture, torment ; terror, pang, agony ;—
siydsat bastan {randan). To govern; tu
punish ; — siydmti jdni, Capital punishment;
— siydsat i shar'iya, Legal punishment;—
siydsat hardan, To govern ; to punisli with
infamy, to torture; — siydsat i nuulun, The
art of government, civic economy ; — siijastit
namudan, To punish, chastise.

a W; siydsat-ba-jd, Worthy of

punishment.

a siydsat-gdh, Place of execution.

( 713 )

? siydsat-gar, ,j*«>W~ siydsati, An

executioner.

saydmr, A starling ; — siydsar, A pen
ready cut.

t siydshi, Leader of an army.

a siydj! (pi. of saiit), Scourges.

a gW~ soya', Grease rubbed on a leathern
bottle to make it water-tight; the frank-
incense tree, or a tree resembling it; —
sayd', siyd', Clay mixed with straw for plas-
tering walls.

A t-iW- siyaf (pi. of elf), Coasts, shores ;
saiyaf, Armed, begirt, or striking with a
sword ; a swordsman ; a gladiator ; an exe-
cutioner ; a sword-cutler.

a jW~ siydq (v.n. of Jj~), Hurting the
leg ; driving ; order, regularity ; — bl-siydq.
Disorderly, irregular.

a &>W~ siydqat (v.n. of Jy), Driving,
stimulating, urging onward ; numeration
(by the Arabic alphabet) ; arithmetic, ci-
phering ; account-keeping ; mode, style ;
subject, topic ; — dar siydqati sukhun, In the
course of speech or conversation.

a j\j jL-» 8iydq-ddr,lji good order, orderly,
regular.

a tolj- saydqilat (pi. of eaiqal), Po-
lishers.

W-» siyd-kdsa, A prisoner ; a miser.
>**W- siydkiz, Coarse woollen cloth.
JW~ saydl, Jasmine (either white or
yellow).

a JW-. saydl. Certain tall, thorny, and
milky plants ; a thorny acacia-tree ; name
of a place inHijaz ;- saiydl, Current, rapid,
flowing like a torrent ; — yaqiiti saiydl, A
brilliant ruby,

a <s!U_ saiyala, A torrent ; a body or
volume (of anything) poured out ; a gas ;
— saiydla'i gifliri hayatt, Nitrogen, azote.

saydlikjk, A kind of prickle ; a cal-
trop.

siydm, saydm, Name of a mountain
near Samarkand j — eiydm, The kingdom of
Siam.

l»\ ^s- si-um, si-am, The thirtieth (unsup-
ported by examples).

siydmak, Solitary, alone, lonely ;
the sons of Kayumars ; also one of the
twelve champions.

oW~ saydn, Ivy.

a uW-, siydn (du. of sty), To equal things.

uti-jL- siydwakhsh, Black-eyed ; intel-
lectual delights ; name of the son of Kai
Kiiwus.

jltf ui&jU- siydwakhsh-dbdd, y^W-
8iydwakhsh-gird, Name of a city in Turan.

J*)\** siydwush, siydwash, Name of the
father of Kai Kbusrau (Cyrus) (see ij^-^-
above); a kind of red duck; — khuni siyd-
washdn, Dragon's blood.

■M J*)<~* siyaivash-abdd, ■ijS siyd-
vmsh-gird, Name of a city in Turiin.

siydh, Black ; bad, unhappy, unlucky;

drunk ; an Arabian or Ethiopian slave ; the
fourth line on the cup of Jam shed ; name
of a horse of Isfandiyar; the fourteenth
chapter of the Zand ; much (see in
the sense of multitude) ; — siydh baetam, bar
qafd, To blacken one's character, to calum-
niate ; — siydhi chashm, The apple of the
eye ; — siydh ehudan, To become black, to be
overcast; to be afflicted (m.c.) ; — siydh
shudani zabdn, The tongue fails (from talk-
ing too much) ; to curse ; — siydh shudani
ndma, Many misdeeds are noted down in
a man's book (to be accounted for on the
Day of Judgment) ; — siydh kardan pistdn,
To wean by blackening the teats (see sari
pistdn siydh kardan, under y*) ; — siydh
hardan chashm (dida, nazar). To deprive
the eyes of their sight ; to afflict, to torment ;
to make long for (shudan being used in
this phrase and the following ones to express
the passive) ; — siydh kardan jahdn, To
devastate the world ; to make life bitter to
one ; — siydh kardan rdh (bar), To obliterate
the traces (of) ; — siydh kardan rem (rozgdr,
auqdt), To waste the time ; — siydh kardan
waraq, To write a book ; — siydh u safedfarq
kardan, To distinguish black from white ; to
read a book,

y^AL— siydhdn (pi.), Arabians ; Ethio-
pians.

iLy* siydh-bdddm, (black-almond)
The eye of a mistress.

siydh-bakht, Unlucky, hapless.
c-S s5w*W- siydh-bakhti, Ill-luck, misfor-
tune.

Aij) sU«, siydh-boya, The black and odori-
ferous coriander.

+e» sL~ siydh-bid, A kind of willow.

■> aL_ siydh-pistdn, (unlucky-breast)
A woman who loses every child whom she
suckles.

ui^Aj jL_ siydh-pushi, A kind of pigeon.

siydh-posh, Clothed in sable ; a
mourner ; a groom ; a lifeguardsman, Ser-
jeant, or officer who clears the way for a
great man ; master of the hall of audience ;
the nightly watch ; a keeper of wild beasts ;
name of a tribe north of Afghanistan.

4 ^>-' siyah-pir, An old slave ; of a green
old age.

^j\.v siyah-tdb, Blue steel (construed
with the verbs zadan and kardan).

siydh-jdm, Blackish, dark-co-
loured.

6Sj±- e^w siydh-charta, Mft siydh-
charda, Dark-brown ; (met.) the beloved ;
— asbi siydh-charda, A dark-brown horse.

^A^. siydh-chashm, Black-eyed ; un-
kind ; (met.) a mistress ; a hunting-bird.

<j^aL_ siydhcha, Blackish-brown ; a sort
of doe.

iils. &U« siydh-khana, 6l~- siydh-khai-
ma, A haunted or ill-fated house ; a prison ;
a weather-beaten tent ; — siyCih-kh$iia'i wah-

V- (

that, The world ; the grave (dark house of
dreariness).

jjjj si*- siydh-ddnH, A kind of wild Tine.

«U siydh-ddna, Coriander-seed ; fen-
nel-flower.

. <«— •> s W-« siydh-dast, (black-handed) Ava-
ricious, stingy, vile.

yjj J S V» siyah-darun, sW- siydh-dil,
Black-hearted.

sU„ giydh-dili, Malevolence,
j jsV^ siyah-dida, = i*Ju* q.v.
^ sl»~ siydk-ru, A criminal (from the cus-
tom of blacking their faces) ; unlucky, dis-
graced.

J }) »V« siydh-rud, Name of a river.

s W-> siydh-ru'i, Infamy, disgrace.
)}} *W- siyah-roz, siydh-rozgdr,
Unhappy ; misfortune.

sl^ siyah-zahan, Foul-mouthed.
jL. sL~, siydh-sdr (^-» sa r-), A crocodile}
man ; a reed-pen.

JL, si*-, siydh-sdl, A rainless year.
J j- siydh-sard, A kind of cold,
ijy. siydh-surfj,, Whooping-cough,

SL— siydh-safed, Ash-coloured,
J^«, sL« siydh-sumbul, Name of a fra-
grant herb (=, ; ,t~. . ~. q.v.).

sl^, 8iydh-SQ.ng, Name of a fountain
in Jurjan.

p\i si** svyah-fdm, Black-coloured.
a sU- siydh-qalam, A picture drawn
in black.

a ju> si*-, siydh-qand, Molasses.

sl*~, siydh-kdr hard), What pro-
duces darkness ; wicked.

ig)\£ sl*-, siyah-kari, (black art) Wicked-
ness, lewdness ; oppression ; roguery, de-
ceit.

sL_ siyah-kdsa, Black-cup, i.e. miser.
sV,— siydh-kard, £ sU~ siydh-gar,
Wicked; unfortunate.

sl^ siydh-gilim, Unfortunate.

(js.^S si** siydh-gosh, Black ear, an animal
of the panther-kind, wherewith they hunt
deer ; lynx.

y^i'sU-, giydh-gun, Black-coloured.

jjjjf sl*~, siydh-guni, Blackness of colour.
sl*_ siydh-mast, Dead-drunk.

yb. sU«, 8iyak-majL&.z, Melancholy; an
atrobilarian.

d-U sl<_ siydh-ndma, A worthless wretch.

■bjA^ siyahviiya, Coriander- seed.

4*>V-» siydha, Blackness ; an account-
book ; a written account; a list, inventory,
invoice ; a whore ; — siydha'i chashm, The
black of the eye.

siydhi, Blackness ; darkness ;
shade ; night-mare ; ink ; a tincture for
dyeing the beard black ; a black servant ;
multitude ; — siydhi afgandani (anddk_htani,
rekktani) ddgh, A sign portends good, opp.
to siydhi vftadan (bar-ddshtan) az ddgh,
The sign portends evil ; — siydhi dawdt,
Ink; — siydhi xadan az (bar), To spread

714 )

blackness, Ac. ; to appear ; to boast ; — riyfr
M'ifauj (Ioshkar), A multitude of soldiers
or troops; — siydhi kardan, To appear; to
be angry, enraged with (l»); — siydhi kar-
dan chashm, To blind; — siydhi kashidcm
bar chine, To colour black; to blacken;
— siydhi namudan, To appear; — siyahi'i
nawishtan, Writing-ink.

CJ^ij*^* siydhiddn, An ink-stand.

*** o*^" siydhi-dih, One who pots an-
other to the blush; imparting strength;
opposing, resisting.

^*>W- siydhi-sdn, A maker of ink.

a v*» sail (v.n.), Flowing (water) ; run-
ning or walking fast; a present, favour,
gift, benefit ; the hair of a horse's tail.

seb, An apple ; the hair od a horse's
forehead and tail ; [se&i dzdyish, An apple
from Isfahan ; — sebi dftdbi, A tainted and
shrivelled apple ; — sebi bakhur, A fragrant
kind of apple whose peel is used for fumi-
gating ; — sebi ka&rati ddam, Adam's apple ;
— sebi dast-afshdr, An apple of compres-
sible gold (see^lArt p. 522) ; — sebi main
(jsamlni) , A potato (m.c.) ; — sebi svmin, A
kind of apple which grows in most coun-
tries (?) ; — sebi 'ambarin, A fragrant kind
of apple; — sebi ^ahghab, The chin; — sebi
kohi, A crab-apple ; — sebi mushkin, An apple
from Tus ; — sebi naqshi, An apple on which
verses are written (in green if the apple is
red and vice versa) ; — sebe u sujude (an apple
and a prostration), A small present after
much supplication or in a case of great
need (proverbial) ; — seb td firod dmadm
hazdr charkji mi-zanad, The apple before
coming to the ground turns a thousand
summersaults (proverbial, to express that
in a short time a great many wonderful
things may happen)] ; — sib, Confounded,
astonished, amazed ; bewilderment ; — sib u
tib, Confounded, astonished, bewildered;
bewilderment.

t V*~> eiba, siba, A place surrounded
with walls.

s->s— seb-chihr, Apple-cheeked.
;\> s-s- seb-zdr, An apple-orchard.

L^ir* seb-farosh, A costermonger.

u*ff&* saibus (i-y-fus^i saibusan), Fleawort-
seed.

seboydh (from seb and boyd), The
perfume of an apple; — sibawaih, Name of
'Amr bin 'Usman, a native of Shiraz, and
a vary celebrated Arabic grammarian.

i_5«~ sebe, One apple; — sebe shuda and,
They resemble each other like the two
halves of an apple (m.c).

W**- stbiycl, Cuttle-fish, sepia.

Sj^is— ei-para, One portion of the thirty
into which the Qur'an has been divided.

wts** saipus, Lint-seed.

fjf si-toy, The stomach of rumi-
nants,

sita, City (m.c. from Fr. cite).

&r> saij, $*~> saick, Currants ; — sij, etch,
Trouble ; preparation, order.

sichughana, sichaykana, A spar-
row-hawk ; a red-beaded sparrow,

fc}'****-* sijtdan, fcJ«**^!*-» sichidan, To pre-
pare, equip, arm, fit out (oneself or an-
other) j to weigh (this meaning doubtful) .

a £c* saih (v.n.), Mowing over the surface
of the earth (water) ; moving about, length-
ening (shadow) ; running water ; a striped
garment.

a t>W~ saihdn, Name of a large river in
Syria ; also of a river near Basrah; — sayakdn
(v,n. of c*~). Flowing on the surface of the
ground (water) ; travelling.
<2)«»s~> saihun, The river Jaxartes.
a £~» slkh, A roasting-spit ; a wooden
skewer used in fastening the mouth of a
sack ; anything like a nipple (especially a
machine of leather, which, in Persia, they
fill with milk to give to sucking infants
instead of the teat) ; the top of a small
flagon ; a furrow made by the plough ; a
drinking-cup ; an iron instrument with
which pack-saddles are staffed ; a sort of
yoke for carrying burdens ; — sikh ghudan
bd, To oppose ; — sikh kardan, To straighten ;
— ba-s-ikh sadan, To fix to the spit.
A sikh-par, (spit-feather) Unfledged.
<Wm— sikhcha. A little spit, spike, skewer.

sikh-ddr, The holm-tree,
udatif. sikhak, A small spit ; a spike ;
small bits of roast meat.

t^Si-— sikh-gali, The place where the spit
is fixed ; — sikh-gdh ydftan, To find out an-
other's weak point or vulnerable part.

jjsfec- mkhur, Jj*w~ sikhid, A porcupine,
urchin, hedgehog.

a. sid, A wolf ; — saiyid, A lord, prince,
chief ; the title of the chiefs of the family
of Muhammad, descended from his daugh-
ter Fatimah by 'Ali ; [saiyidu 'l-ambiyd
(■mursalin), Chief of the prophets or
apostles, i.e. Muhammad ; — saiyudu 'l-ba-
shar, Prince of mortals (Muhammad) ; —
saiyidti 's-sdddt, Lord of lords, an honorific
title of the descendants of Muhammad ;
also of Muhammad himself ; — saiyidi sd-
mira, A pseudo-Saiyid holding a diploma
from the Herald's College of Saroira (a
town near Karbala where such documents
are forged) ;] — saiyid, siyad, An aged goat.

A y^J-s- saiyiddn (du.), The two sons of
'Ali, Hasan and Husain.

a i*f* saiyidat (in P. pronounced eaida),
A lady, a princess, especially th« wife or
daughter of a Saiyid or a descendant of
Ali; — saiyidatu 'l-mukhdddarat, The prin-
cess of chaste ladies (a title given to Sul-
tanas and women of rank ; — saiyidatu
nisd'i 'l-'dlamin. Princess of womankind,
i.e. Fatimah.

a tola- a,— sed-Jchdna (corruption of sihhat-
k£dna), A necessary, privy.

1 ) >~

si-dara, A kind of game.

a sol) A--, saiyid-zdda, A Saiyid's son,

a saidudat, saiduda, Rank, noble

lineage, descent from the Prophet.

^ju-, saidi, A cricket, a kind of locust.

a ^*>*~ saidi, Lordly ; an appellation of
Africans ; a negro ; — saiyidi, vulg. Midi,
My lord ; sir.

a sair (v.n.), Walking, perambulating,
amusing oneself ; perambulation, excursion,
trip, tour ; travels ; view, scene, landscape ;
a spectacle, show ; a sally, jest, witticism ;
[sair raftan, To walk ; to go to see anything ;
to behold with delight ; — sairi safa'in,
Navigation ; — sair kardan, To walk or tra-
vel for amusement ; to ride for a pleasure
drive (m.c.) ; to row in a boat (m.c.) ; — sair
namudan, To travel, to procede, to make
for ; — sair u shikar, The sports of the field ;
(the word is also construed with ddshtan,
zadan, kashidan, <fcc.) ;] — siyar (pi. of sirat~),
Virtues, morals, qualities ; dispositions j
actions, deeds ; biographies ; — ahli siyar,
Biographers, historians ; — shdhi neku-siyar,
A king of noble qualities.

jif ser, Full, satiated, sated, tired ; suffi-
ciently, enough ; a weight of 15 misqdl ;
name of a city ; [ser dmadan, To be tired,
disgusted; to be full and independent ; —
ser ghudan, To be full, independent; to
repose ; — ser kardan, To fill, saturate ; — ba-
ser dmadan as, To be tired of, disgusted
with, to have enough of it;] — sir, Garlic;
water-mint; — sir dar huni hase nihddan, sir
u namak dar hussi kase nihddan, To agitate,
to make restless ; — sir dar lauzina khwur-
dan, To have one's joys alloyed with sor-
rows; to be cheated, deceived; — sir dar
lauzina dadan, To alloy joys with sorrows ;
to deceive.

s^j*~ serdb, Moist, wet, humid, full of
water, succulent, fresh, juicy ; blooming ; —
serdb kardan. To quench the thirst; — serdb
gashtan, To be completely watered (as
cattle), to have the thirst quenched ; to be
saturated with water, or irriguous ; — sirdb,
Garlic.

sir aba, Food made of curds and

garlic.

j> siraba-paz, Who prepares the

dish described in the preceding article.

serabl, Aquatic, humid ; freshness ;
satiety, repletion (from drinking water).
*<»-\j.>~. sirdeha, An enclosure for a tent.
sirdf, Name of a city that formerly
existed on the Persian gulf.

a sair an, A walk, drive, or ride for
pleasure.

sairdn-gdh, A place of recreation.

s^je- sirdwa, A dish of milk and oxygal.

•iSJjb\ ser-dhang, Satisfied, contented ;
liberal, generous.

je+i slr-fanir, A dish of garlic and
cheese.

( 716 )

a 8j4- saxrat, A mode of walking ; — sirat,
slra, Disposition, temperament, nature;
morals ; qualities ; mode, manner, way of
living ; conduct ; custom ; provisions, vic-
tuals ; — sir at anwkhtan, To learn or teach
manners.

(•<*>»• j*- ser-chashm, Satisfied, contented;
generous, liberal ; greedy.

ser-chashmi, Satiety, content-
ment ; generosity, liberality ; greediness.

a ser-hdsil, Very fertile ; very

rich, wealthy.

>y J*-" wwur, (feast of garlic) Name of
the 14th day of the month, on which they
eat garlic, send their lads to school, or bind
them to some trade.

\j>y*~ slrash, A veil ; a puckered female
head-dress or veil of the finest cloth, parti-
cularly such as are worn by brides, of a
crimson colour.

tp~ serigh, A cluster of grapes.

sairaf, Cough (unsupported by
examples).

d^tfj*- slr-farosh, A seller of garlic.

sirk, Circus (m.c. from Fr. cirque).

v>j^;e— sir-hob, A mortar wherein garlic
is pounded.

a p*. sair-gah, A passage, pass, tho-
roughfare ; a place of recreation ; a theatre.

»iram, Raw deer-skins cut into
thongs, used in sewing saddles; a hawk's
leash ; the shoemaker's strap which binds
the last to his knee.

t>^»ja- simian, A ruby ; embroidered silk.
sirmu, Mountain- garlic.

o^jf slrnds, Name of an African sea-
bird.

Strang, Thirty colours ; the simurgh
or 'anqd; anything impossible, or which
the mind cannot grasp ; the unsearchable
God.

sir a, A porcupine ; a hedgehog.
a <$\)ys~> sirwdn, Name of several places
in Egypt and Persia.

ji-u j sir-u-panir, = piij^ q.v.

serun, Cold of a moderate degree.
*>)*~> saira, A certain melodious little
bird.

1.57s— win, Who walks about ; sight-
seeing ; — serl, Fulness, repletion, satiety.

cJlo^. sirlmf, A. kind of cloth produced
in India.

sirln, Dressed with garlic {sir).

'^{j*- sirin-gdh, A royal throne.

yy~ see, Sharp, strong, vehement.
sezdah, Thirteen.

p&jjy* sezdahum, The thirteenth.

^fyr* sezagi, Hardness, violence, suffer-
ing.

sis, Freckles upon the face or other
parts of the body; leaping and jumping;
a swift horse ; a wine-vessel.

h sis, The head.

^jU^, slswrun. The stem of the coriander;

a certain water-plant with leaves so large
that cups are made of them.

>sU^~*- sTMlak, *s3UU~t-. sisaJxmg, The
wagtail.

Q <j*fiP»~<!~ sisdliyus, Assafcetida.
t)W« slsabdn, Seed of cinquefoil.
cs)b S ; \jw, ^ si sitdra'i pak, The thirty
teeth.

<3^~-*~' sistdn, Sijistan (the ancient Dran-
giana), a country lying to the eastward of
Farsistan, or Persia Proper. The famous
Eustam held this country as a fief under
the kings of Persia.

<&z— ~» sistan, To leap, bound; to flee
away.

a 4i\oi— a« sais-ihana, Baggage-horses em-
ployed in war.

ts>*~-*- saisadi, A cricket (see ts->w->).

^r~*- sisirk, A weevil.

sisaru, A weevil ; wall-lice.

«^-~«-> sisak, A weevil ; a sort of pulse.

9;t~' ; - slsambar, sisambarun,
Water-mint ; mother of thyme.

a«4— si-sad, Thirty hundred, three thou-
sand ; (met.) many.

a sai' (v.n.), Flowing (water or wine);
water flowing on the ground.

sigh, Beautiful, excellent; body of
men, band of soldiers, crowd ; a house with
many windows.

slglkur, A porcupine.
saigkiid, Humility, submission.

_y**~ saighfir, Nobleness of mind, mental
energy, ambition.

A saif (v.n.), Striking with a sword;
a sword, scimeter, sabre, Ac. j the hair of a
horse's tail ; the sword-fish ; — sif, A bank,
margin, coast ; a fibrous excrescence at the
roots of palm-branches ; the sword-fish.

a y^ij-. sif an, Name of a country (unsup-
ported by examples).

a h (^i '- ft -- saif-ban, A rocket with a
sword attached to it.

a yWj saif-zabdn, (sword-tongued)

One whose curses prevail.

a Ms-* saifa, An instrument of book-
binders for equalizing the edges of a book,

)^s~ saifur, Silken stuff of great value.

a u 4 *-- saifi, Cursing ; surname of several
poets.

a saik (v.n.), Pacing (of camels, Ac).
t «sV;~ stk, Penis.

usX*- stk, suyak, A blight upon corn, mil-
dew, rust, smut ; — si-yak, A third.

^s— sika (in the dialect of Gilan), A
duck.

sik-bd, A sort of acid broth.
slkrdn, Black henbane-seed,
sjj .si*- sik-zada, Blighted, smutty
(corn).

<A£s~. sikak, A weevil ; mildew.
J£e- sikal, A blight upon corn,
(J**- siki, White-wine vinegar ; wine ;
new wine boiled down to a third ; a goblet

( 717 )

of wine ; — siki'i farsang, The third part of
a parsang, a mile.

slgdr, A cigar (m.c.) ; — sxgdr kashl-
dan, To smoke a cigar (see ft-*)-

a J*~. sail (v.n.), Flowing (of water, blood,
&c.) ; water flowing, a torrent, flood, flux ;
— saili ab, A flux of water ; — sail dar Jckir-
man uftad, (met.) Trouble comes ; — saili
dam, A torrent of blood ; — saili saif hardan,
To invade a country, to fall upon it like a
torrent, sword in hand.

a v^e~* saildb, An inundation, current,
flood; — saildbi za' faran, Flowing blood;
tears ; — ba-sailab dddan, To inundate ; to
drown.

a sA>- saildb-dawdnl, Liberality,

munificence.

a jjj sA«~. Baildb-rex, Shedding or pouring
torrents.

a ^ v^«- saildb-kand, A gulley.

yt? v^*-* saildb-glr, A low ground where
waters collect.

a ,j»!iis"* saildbi^ Eelating to or depending
on a torrent, stream, &c. ; liable to be
flooded ; wetness, moisture, damp ; land
liable to inundation.

(j^W saildn, Ceylon ; — seldn, Syrup of
dateB ; a kind of honey ; name of a man.

a yla— sayaldn (v.n. of J*~), Flowing ; a
current; — sayaldni buzaq, Ptyalism, sali-
vation ; — sayaldni dam, Hemorrhage ; —
sayaldni dami riya, Pulmonary hemorrhage ;
— sayaldni dam'a, Watering of the eyes.
slldncha, A cook.
sildna, The jujube-tree and fruit.

o*^s- saildni, Of or belonging to the
island of Ceylon ; — dar cklnl saildni, Cin-
namomum Ceylanense.

J*~ sail-award, Brought by a tor-
rent.

si lahn, Thirty musical notes,
toneB, or keyB (making nearly four octaves),
arranged in the following order, and named
by the celebrated Persian musician Barbud : —
1. ardyishi hhwurshed (jaMn) ; 2. dyini
jamshed; 3.aurangi;4.bdgjti shlrln; 5. tahhti
tdgdlsl ■ 6. huqqa'i kdwus ; 7. rdhi ruh ; 8. rd -
mishi jdn- {jahdn) ; 9. sabz dar sabz; 10. sar-
mstdn; 11. sarwi sahi; 12. shddurwdni mar-
ivdrid ; 13. shabdez ; 14. shabi farkji ■ 15. qufti
rumi ; 16. ganji bad-award; 17. ganji gdv {kd-
wus); 18. ganji tukhta ; 19. kini iraj ; 20. kini
siydwush; 21. mShi bar-kukdn; 22. muM-
ddna j 23. murwdyi nik ; 24. mushk mall ;
25. mihrhdrii, mihrgani ; 26. ndqusi; 27. nau-
baMri \ 28. noshin-bdda ; 29. nim-roz;20. nakh-
chirgdni. Nizami counts thirty-one notes,
substituting for the 2nd, 7th, and 27th the
following four : sdzi nau-roz, gJiunja'i kabki
dari, farakhi roz, and kaikhwsrawi.

a >!*1*~ sail-Jchez, A torrent ; streaming
(eye); rapidity of a torrent.

f>\}*~ silrdm, Name of the angel who has
charge of the clouds, vapours, fogs.

a o\) J*~ sail-ran, ^ J«~. sail-rez, Pour-
ing forth a torrent.

nii-t~> silak, slink, A weevil ; mildew.

a sl&lo-. sail-gdh, The world.

<*1«~ sela, A herd, drove, or flock ; a slap.

h sela, A kind of cloth or garment.
siU, A blow upon the nape of the
neck with the open hand edgewise (as in
killing a rabbit) ; any blow with the hand,
a box on the ear, a slap in the face, Ac. ;
a musical stringed instrument ; — sill khwur-
dan, To receive a blow on the nape of the
neck, &c. ;— sill bastan (zadan, kashldan),
To give such a blow.

es^~ siU-iJiwdra, Often buffeted.

8iJ 3 J 1 *** slli-zada, Cuffed, buffeted.

SAiij J*- sili-ssananda, Giver of cuffs,
blows.

!+e~ saim, The neck-yoke of oxen ; — slm,
Silver ; a wire of silver or any other metal ;
the string of a musical instrument ; a sort
of fish ; a wink, nod, sign ; name of a
river ; (for simdb) quicksilver ; [simi bisydr
sokht, He has squandered wealth ; — slm bar
sang zadan, To have carnal intercourse ; —
simi bahbahdni (dagM, ro-posh, qalb, mdj,
ndqis, nabdtl, na-bahra), False or impure
silver ; — slmi talagrdf, A telegraphic wire
(m.c.) ; — slmi haldl (khdm, shdkh-ddr,
qardrl, guwdkhta, ndb, nuqra), Pure or
refined silver ; — slm dar zar bafad, He raises
himself by his dexterity ; — slmi dast-afshdr,
Compressible silver (see ii-_4j) ; — simi
sahdb, Rain-drops ; — slmi sokhta, Burnt
silver, pure silver ; — slmi siyah, Bad silver,
base coin ; — simi shah dar miyan, Bad coin
mixed with good coin ; — slmi~gdwirs-ddr,
Moon and stars ; — slmi mdhl, Scale of a
fish ; — simi majbfd (maj'ul), The eye ; — slmi
muzdb, (molten silver) Pure water ; pure
wine ;] — siyum, The third.

U-~. slmd, Face, forehead, countenance,
aspect ; resemblance, similitude ; colour of
the face or body ; — slmd'i abuqrdtl, Hip-
pocratic face or features ; — dylna-simd, With
a face smooth as a mirror ; with a bright
face ; — khwurshed-sirnd, With a face bright
as the sun; — samd-slmd, Heavenly -faced ; —
mdh-nmd, Moon-faced ; — nialakslmd, Hav-
ing the face of an angel.

A slmd, A mark ; — slmd, siyamd,
Especially, chiefly ; like ; — slmd', A sign,
note.

sjU»~ svmdb, Quicksilver, mercury ; ma-
levolent, shameless ; — mmabi dtishi (atishin,
dtishin-sar, dtishln-sipar),Hh.(s sun; — slmdbi
chaehm (dida), A tear ; — simab dar gosh,
Deafness ; slmdb shudan, To be unsteady,
run away, elude pursuit ; — slmdb kardan,
To make restless or unsteady ; to put to
flight, to cause to disappear ; — slmdb kushta
(murda), Quicksilver reduced to ashes con-
densed quicksilver with which to coat a
mirror.

j\t vW- slmab-bar, Weeping.
U vW« swnab-^a, A runaway, truant.
a 2jW sjW- simdb-jahm, Troubled, dis-
turbed, restless.

hjW*-" slmdb-chashma, A tear.
J J V'W") sim-db dar gosh, (quick-
silver in the ear) Deaf ; deafness.

Uj? s^W-» simdb gun, Bright, shining (a
sword).

Jo v*W*«. simdb-dil, Chicken-hearted.

y.) slmab-rez, Bright; undulated,

damascened (a sword).

ij^^^+^simab-sitia., With a silver bosom.

i_5iW- simdb/, Colour of quicksilver.

soUs- simd-za, A stone for polishing
swords.

i^Ue-, Bimdh, Name of a certain youth,
jvt- sim-anddm, With silvery limbs.
slm-andTtd, Plated with silver.

( 718 )

_y>-»-s-<« sim-dwar, Silvern ; a prostitute.
4U-— simdh-barzin, Name of an army-
leader.

<££j-*>\ fry* slm-tihang, A wild cucumber.

yt-*^ slm-bar, With a bosom like silver;
young ; an inn ; a palaee-gate ; — slm-bar
shudan, To be young.

j\}J\ simbar-aswdr, (inGiliin) Arabian
guards who attend the door of kings.

^h^lu I*--, slvi-buriagosh, With ear-lobes,
like silver.

ij,^ (•*-» sim-bandi, A kind of festive
lights, an illumination.

SI* srm-pald, Silver in a lump ready
for being coined ; a crucible ; a smelter of
silver.

^~j>, (*?~> si.m-parast, Venal, selfish.
iS^-H fr- sim-panja, With hands white as
silver.

ij* 1 }*, sim-posh. Clad in or adorned
with silver.

E^*s~> simtdj, Avarice, stinginess.

sim-la n, With body fair as silver;
— za?ii sim-tan, A lovely woman silver-hued.

a yjj y*s-> sim-zaqan, With a silver chin.

tfr**-' simrakh. Asking anything of God.

ty o~* ^ murgii, Thirty birds, represent-
ing thirty mystics who have attained to the
highest degree of perfection, also called si
murghi jahdn, The thirty birds of the
visible world, opposed to the invisible si
murgk, representative of the divine essence.

simurah. A fabulous bird, often
mentioned in Eastern romance, the griffin
(see Uiix: 'anqd) ; it is celebrated in the
Shdh-ndnia as the foster-father and teacher
of Zal, Rustam's father, whence others
take it to be the name of a learned man who
educated Zal.

£*j I**"" sim-zana'kh. With a silver chin,

a jv- sim-saq, slm-surin,

With silver thighs.

'W- f*r* slm-siyah, Mistletoe.

U*- sim-ennd, With a face bright as
silver.

sim-g£abghab, With a silver

<-* jO >4 j j - sim-shagarf, Cinnabar (= sJ/*
q.v.).

a j'^ i**" sim-'izar, With cheeks of a
silvery hue.

chin.

eUs-. simak, A hooked tool for twisting
cotton and silk threads.

(_sj^*<— sim-Tcari, Amorous blandish-
ments.

tr-S' frtr- sim-kash, A gold or silver wire-
drawer ; one who draws to himself all he
can get ; a thief ; — slm-hush, Extravagant,
profuse ; eager in the pursuit of wealtli ;
close-fisted, avaricious.

v*j^ f**— sim-ilcob, A silver-beater.

y> ft- sim-gar, A silversmith,

sim-gil, A wash for walls or roofa.
sim-gun, Silver-coloured ; a star.

<r, jL. gj£«~* simgun-sdq, With silver
thighs.

>>U*<_* simndd, A chapter, section.
>*j<-s_ saimild, saimur, A silken gar-
ment.

sima, jL. i*--. sima-sdr, Astonished,
confounded.

sitn-hd (pi. of sim). Wires, strings,
&c. ; — si/m-hd'i saut, Vocal chords.

&tn %^ ^ si wahra'i miihx siydm,
The thirty days of the month Ramaziiu.
l _s*~-> simi, Silvern ; — siyumt, The third ,
smiyd, Enchantment, fascination,
natural magic, i.e. charms of mind or per-
son ; also poesy and rhetoric.
A slmiycL', A mark, a sign.

siV^^w. simydza, A atone for polishing
swords.

sim-ydr, One who converses by signs,
simln, Of silver, silverized, overlaid

or incrusted with silver ; fair, delicate ;

[sdghari simin, A silver goblet ;] — siyamin,

Thirtieth.

a simln-badan, With a silver

form.

f. (j^**~> simin-bar, With a silver bosom,
ft oWj* simin-satdajoin, The new

moon.

a <^«-**-» simin-'Jhahghab, With a

silver chin.

a ifiji tft+ir' simm-fawdra, The moon.

yli (^a**-. simin-ndn, (silver loaf) Full
moon.

(A..., sin, A man who hems and haws very
much; natural magic, alchemy; China;
name of a village near Ispahan ; Muham-
mad ; (for sina) the ' breast ; — sln-dotM,
Avaricious, vile, depraved ; name of a fe-
male ancestor of Bustam.

a y-r~ sin, The letter <j* ; a ringlet,
lock.

sitid, A borer, perforator ; the breast ;
name of the father of Abu 'All bin SIna,
the celebrated physician Avicenna ; (from
A.) mount Sina.

sinam, Name of a fabulous mountain
with a pillared treasure-house.

slrfihar, Turnsole ; water-mint,
siyany, A furrow; a ploughshare.
SJ^*-. sinjab, Name of a country (see

sayanjur, A lighted coal ; a spark.
s->j*e- Bvrwb, Sinope.

slna, The bosom, breast; a teat, a
Aug ; the summit of a mountain ; the prow
or stem of a ship ; taunt, contumely, satire ;
— etna sipar kardan, To stand in the fore-
most ranks without flinching ; — sina tarh
dadan, To open the breast; — slna kardan,
To strike the ground (as an arrow) ; to
bound up again and fall elsewhere ; to
boast, swagger ; — slnakushddan (gushadan),
To be happy ; — sina kashtdan {dadan, zacUm,
Sudan, guzdshtan, mdlidari), To put forth
strength ; — ddrilyi slna, A pectoral medi-
cine.

jl» 6j**> eina-bdz, Piebald; name of a bird.
a jUp f <S^j~. stna bar tdq, In love, en-
amoured.

te-~f fc-s- slna-lasta, Locked up in the
heart or breast, in petto ; a secret.

Aij sina-band, u^j?. slna-posh,

Poitrel of a horse ; a stomacher, stays,
bodice ; a child's bib.

•J'fi <^*~ slna-posh, A breast- plate ; a
vest.

^t\S ij^, gina-tab, Heating the breast.

<£>\t$ Sjh~. sina-chak, Having the bosom
torn, i.e. grieved.

i*M) sma-resh, Wounded at heart.
6j~* eina-zdd, Born in the breast.

t)"j < Lt s*» una-zandn, Beating the breast.

yj ten*, sina-zor, Robust, proud of strength.

fjj^ aa~. sina-zori, Strength ; pride of
strength.

\y, (U--, sina-sots, Tormented, distressed.

sj^. sina-soni, Anguish, torment.
jVX* a~*~. sina-shikdf, Bending the
breast.

(jjfc iiu- slna-shoy, Who washes his
breast.

a i-JU sina'Sdf, Pure-minded, sincere,
candid.

L r >U£ gma-kabdb, Love-sick, grieved.

ij£ aju-. sina-kash, Whose breast touches
the ground.

sina-giudr, Piercing the breast.

A Jjis- saind. Mount Sinai.

(j**- elnl, A salver, tray, round table of
gold, silver, brass, or copper; dross of iron ;
name of a certain exceedingly brittle ore ;
painted tiles on walls or brass ; a loan.

a (^is- slnin, Name of a tree ; —turn
Binina (turi sinin), Mount Sinai.

j~* sev (for seb), sewd, An apple.

sew&r-tir, Name of a note in

music.

a tjAjir* giwffls, Name of a city (Sebastia
in Anatolia).

719 )

a <j»\)** siwdsi, A native of Siwas.

a <J\]*~> siway, .Beside, except ; — slwdyi
wusid, Surplus, balance of annual collection.

ixi-js— siyukhta-, suyv.khta, A. species of
soft plant growing in water and used for
tinder.

i i_s" si u da, The thirty and two
(teeth).

)je-> si-war, A myriad, ten thousand.

a suyur (pi. of sair), Straps, thongs.

suyiirsdt (see k^A-y-.), Contribu-
tions in kind (ni.c).

M J^;^ suyur cfifil, A fief, feudal tenure ;
charity-lands.

m ^A-^Vijj^ suyurghamishi, Good-will,
favour, beneficence.

suyus, Name of a tree.

Q^jz*, sayaushdn, Name of a village be-
longing to Herat.

a t>j«- myfit, A village in Upper Egypt.

a (Jkj** suyfitj, Of or belonging to Suyut ;
surname of the Qur'an-interpreter and
fertile writer Jalalu 'd-din.

A suyu' (v.n. of £*-), Flowing in
every direction (water or wine.)

A iwijs- suyilf (pi. of saif), Swords.

a J j*- suyill (pi. of sail), Floods.

(>ff slwum, tf^fi-M slwumin, Third.

ui^-j^.-, saiwlst, Carelessness, inattention.
siyah, Black ; unlucky, disastrous ;
drunk ; an Arab ; an Ethiopian slave ; the
horse of Isfandiyar ; one of the books of the
Zand ; the fourth of the seven linos on the
cup of Jamshed; (for compounds see nlso
after 3U_ ;) — siyah kardan, = siyah kardan,
q.v. under to inflame, to enrage.

siyah-bd-ddm, The eye of a mis-
tress.

siyah-bahdr, A surpassing spring.

(jjLs—j siyaTi-pistdn, A womaa who
loses every suckling.

tj*j> <!U_ siyah-posh, Clad in mourning ; a
life- guardsman ; a nightly watch ; a keeper
of wild beasts.

yUjj s^m siyah-poshdn (pi. of the pre-
ceding), The name of a country where all
wear black ; North of Afghanistan ; Durd-
istan.

4j^. 4—, aiydh-charda, Blackish ; a dark
complexion.

<wls- d.*~. siyah-khdna, A black tent ; a
prison ; an unlucky house ; — siyah-khdna' i
dbmlst, An ebony flute.

ui-^j siyah-dast, (black- handed)

Covetous.

siyah-darun, Malignant,
u^jj &~~ siyah-daruni, Inward baseness,
malignity.

eiyah-dil, Black-hearted, malevo-
lent.

}> siyah-ru, (black- faced) Covered

with shame, infamous, wicked.

jjy siyah-ros. Unfortunate, afflicted,
sad.

ij}) **«• siyah-ru'l, Infamy, ignominy.
jL. <L-. siyah-sdr, A crocodile.
r> **- siyah-sar, (black-headed) Man ; a
pen.

J**- &e-> siyah-sumbul, Water-mint.
,»U i^. siyah-fdm, Inclining to black;
black.

siyah-qand, Molasses.
4^ siyah-kdr kard), A scoundrel,
prevaricator, sinner ; a coward.

siyah-Jcdrt, Sinfulness.
sJ& viyah-kasa, A miser; one -who
murders his guests.

ft-siS i^. siyah-giUm, Unfortunate, afflicted,
poverty-stricken ; a wretch.

\j*fS <s^_ siyah-gosh, The lion's provider.

6^. siyah-maghz, Gloomy, dumpish.
y* siyah-mu (mo), Black-haired.
,_s?P* <Je«. siyah-mU'i (mo'i), Blackness of
hair.

1 _ s $X.l> s^. siyah-ndmagl, Wickedness.

&*i 6^. siyah-ndma, The black book, the
record of one's misdeeds ; wicked ; adul-
terous ; a vile wretch, a blackguard.

<^*-> slha, A harlot.

siyahi, Blackness.

a °<^f eaiyi', fem. saiyi'at, saiy'ia,
Bad, wicked, evil ; -saiyi'a, Sin, wicked-
ness, crime.

a is* ** *' swyls, A horse-keeper, a syce (see

A. y^U).

&* *s ~ slyanj, A furrow ; a ploughshare.

J"

\Ji sh, called shlni matiquta- or shlni mu'-
jama (dotted shin), the sixteenth letter of
the Arabic-Persian alphabet, denotes 300
in arithmetic, and serves as abbreviation
for shamal, The north ; it interchanges with
B > S , t , j > (j* > an< i < an d has the power
of sh in English; — -ash (sh) after nouns
expresses the possessive pronoun ; after
prepositions and verbs, the oblique cases
and accusative (in poetry, also the nomina-
tive) of the pronoun of the third person,
for which see Grammar; — ish, when added
to the imperatives of certain verbs, forms
abstract nouns : as, ddnish, "knowledge,"
from dan, " know "; binish, " sight," from
bin, "see."

\a shd (for shad), Joyful, glad ; a fruit-
tree; (for j 'a), a place ; (for shah) a king;
(for T. ^s^-) river; — shd wulgd, The river
Volga.

ehdb, Alum ; — shdbi ruml. White
pepper; — shdbi firangl, European alum.

a shdbb, A young man (especially
from twenty-four to forty).

utVfVjU shababak (A. gW^* shdbabaj), An

JO )

Egyptian tree whose leaves are covered
with a kind of wool.

J»\>\& shdbdsh (for shad bash), Bravo!
excellent ! money thrown about at mar-
riages, or given to singers.

^AbU. shdbdshl, Praise, applause.

<sX^U shdbdnak, A. g>W^> shdbdnaj, A
species of hard Egyptian wood (see ^bU);
according to others, the dog-violet.

a shnhbat, shdbba, A young woman.

O^lSi shdburdn, shdbardn, Name of a
seaport in Persia.

shdburdn, Native steel (see nsl^U.),

<ji?U shdbash, = q.v.

a kiijU shdbik, Cross and intricate (road).

->j»V*. shdbwad, A halo round the moon.

osJ^yU. shdburdh, shdburdn, jjy)^

shdburaq, y^jj?^ shdburaqdn, shdbu-
ran, A species of hard iron or native steel
(see u^Ui and (jtfyjU).

Ojjjli shdbward, A halo round the moon.

^jlJj^U. shdburgdn, Native steel (see
t}yV*).

shdbahdr, An idol-temple in Kabul.
A s-jrf^ sha'dbib (pi. of shu'bub), Down-
pours of rain.

shdbieaj, vs^U shdbizak, The man-
drake.

jji.V* shapiir, King of Persia, called by
the Romans Sapores ; also several other
kings ; name of one oE Faridun's grandees;
name of a painter and match-maker between
Ehusrau and Shirin ; — shdpur zd 'l-akttlf,
Shapiir of the shoulder-blades (so called
from his taking out the shoulder-blades of
a number of Arab prisoners he made, and
afterwards releasing them) ; — shdpwri nae-
tuh, Shapiir, son of Nastuh, a champion in
Nauzar's army.

a it* shdt, A sheep.

y^yUi shdtarsun, Statice nuda (a plant
found on Mount Alburz and in the neigh-
bourhood of Kiishan).

JjIa gJidtil, Name of a medicinal plant.

a shdtim, One who rejoices in an-
other's misfortunes.

t yUd shdtu, A ladder, staircase.

a g"l«> sha], A making sad, vexing ; de-
laying any business.

t^a. shdkh (S. sdkha), A branch, bough,
shoot, sucker, twig; a horn, antler; the
arm, from the tip of the finger to the
shoulder; the leg, from the groin to the
foot ; a small cut from a main stream ;
the spur of a cock ; a rib ; a bit, piece ;
a gusset, gore ; the forehead ; the main beam
in the roof of a house ; a cup of wine (from
a custom prevailing in Jurjistan, to drink
wine out of horns), a goblet, a drinking-
horn ; wine mixed with rose-water ; a horn
wherein they keep civet, a scent-box; civet;
the civet-cat; spices, perfumes; smooth,
lank hair ; full-grown; — shdkh az pashimani
bar-dmadan, To be very penitent, to repent

( 721 )

greatly ; — shakhi dftdbl, The rays of the
sun; — shdkjii augur, Name of a medicine
or simple j a young shoot, tendril of a vine ;
— shakhi ahu, A buck's attire; a bow; a
false promise ; — ehclkh bar-dwardan, To
colour up ; — sTiaMi bar dlwar, Conceited,
arrogant, proud -—shakh bar shakh, Far,
distant, long ; various ; — shdkli ba-shdlch,
From branch to branch ; — shab&i bun, The
branch of a tree ; — shakhi bahdna, Various
pretexts; — shakhi chandr, Name of a par-
ticular colour; — shdih dar shakh, Full
of branched, with branches intertwined,
branchy; various - coloured, of different
sorts ; far and wide ; weeping, lamenta-
tion ; — shakhi damidani, A trumpet ; —
shakh zadan, To butt or push with
the horns ; to sound a trumpet or hom ;
— shakhi «cw*» A golden branch (as they
are kept in a king's treasury); — shakhi
zarrin, A yellow pen ; — shdkjii m'fardn, (a
twig of saffron) One who esteems too
highly his own deserts; anything strange
and rare; — shakhi saman, Stature of a
mistress ; — shakh shdlch, In branches ; in
pieces, broken in various places, full of fis-
sures; variegated; the song or note of the
nightingale ; — shakh shakh shudani gulil,
The throat splits, as it were, from the
loudness of voice ; — shakh shikastan, To be
polite, to cease to be self-willed; — shakjii
ghwal, A bow ; the new moon ; — shakh
kardan, To cup ; — shdkM gawassn dar hawd,
The new moon ; — shakhi, gisu, A ringlet of
hair; — shakh u ba/rq sdihtan, To make long
and broad ; to spin a yarn, to talk much,
to tell stories ; — ashy an bar shakhi ahu,
(met.) A thing not to be found bar shaMi
ahu btidan, To remain unredeemed (a
promise).

;V A ' ska&k-ba-diwar (j^ji^ j> bar

diwdr), Proud, arrogant.

ijU-U shdfchaba, A small cut from a main
stream ; an arm of the sea.

<W-Ui skalchcha, A small branch, twig.

,^^4 &^4.U. shakhcha-bandi. Scandal, slan-
der; increase.

jWW ghakh-d&r, Branched ; horned ; a
cuckold, cornuto ; pure, unadulterated ;
conceited.

% C^* ehdkh-reza, Loppings of branches.

_,W.U. shdkh_sdr, Pull of branches; a
place abounding in trees, a garden, park,
grove, wood ; the extremity of a branch ;
a plate of steel perforated with many holes
for drawing gold or silver wire.

<UU j;\A shdkh-sana, = <i>tA tU> q.v.

ks~~s-lA shdkhjist, Victuals, provisions.
£U shdkk-eanj, With weighty horns.

6i\jmXtt shdkk-shdna, Name of a certain
description of mendicants, so called from
their carrying in one hand a ram's horn,
and in the other a ram's shoulder-blade,
with which they make a grating noise before

the door of anyone from whom they seek
relief. If tbeir application be not forthwith
attended to, they begin to lacerate their
bodies with knives, or (with a view to ex-
cite greater horror) they put the knives into
the hands of their own children ; intimida-
tion, threat.

<u — shdkh,-shikasta, Broken-horned ;
(met.) polite; yielding.

a ijosAa shdkhis. One whose eyes are fixed
and looking up.

<*^U shakhak (dim. of shakJt), A email
twig; a bracelet; melilot.

J*-i* shd&Ml, shdhjml, A sort of grain.

#U shakh-ndshilcaata (sha&M na-
shikasta), Discourteous ; stubborn.

j^SL^Ui sh&kfiangur, Name of a medicine ;
a vine-tendril.

shdkhur, Sjji-L. shdkhura, A kiln,

furnace.

JytU shdkhul, Oyfcisus cajan (a grain).

<w-L& shakjia, A branch ; a horn ; a cup
in the shape of a horn ; wine mixed with
rose-water ; the pillory ; a yoke.

shakhi, A win no wing-fork.

jl* shad, Gheerf ul, exulting ; glad, happy ;
much ; full ; wine ; light, a ray, gleam ; —
shad shudan, To be joyful.

>-A shad~ab, Full of water ; moist,
humid, fresh, succulent, pleasant; fresh
pasture.

fjIS Aa, Bhdd-dbl, Freshness, moisture.

l#Tyj *>U. shad-drfrm, Name of the intellect
of the solar sphere.

Pj*J\ jU shdd'isparam, Basil royal.

<v)1o\a shdddn, Cheerful, glad ; a dancing
girl.

Jj ytjU. shdddn-dil, Joyful, gladsome.

gital* slidddnaj, Blood-stone (see g*»»^) ;
shadanaji 'adasi, Nummulite.

uiiJ^jw. shdddnak, Inebriating hemp-
seed (see <»lJ ^*>).

f,\>] jU. shdd-aiydm, Name of the soul of
the solar sphere.

oii Att shdd-btld, Name of a note in music.

ju^ jU. shad-bash, Excellent ! well done 1 ,
name of the twenty -sixth day of the month
according to the royal era.

oU shdd-bahr, A happy situation ; find-
ing oneself in such ; name of a damsel.

£j>\ti shiidakh, The old name of Nishabdr.

ji. oik shad-kho, Cheerful, joyful,glad.

v»V- shad-khwdb, Kefreshing sleep.
jU. shM-khwdr, ^ shad-khwdra,
At* shdd'khwur, Fortunate, well off;
voluptuous; a dancing girl; an adulteress,
strumpet; one who drinks wine without
scruple; one who passes his life without
care or trouble ; happy, cheerful.

«>_\y£. At, shdd-khtpdst, Vehement de-
sire.

At. shdd-dil, Cheerful, gay-hearted.
ytj^U ehadurdn, A sort of iron whioh
absorbs water ; name of a port in Shirwan.

( 722 )

(jj^dU shddurbdn, y^yoU shddurwdn, A
large veil, curtain, or tapestry suspended
before the gate of a royal palace ; a richly-
figured carpet (in these meanings con-
strued with the verbs kasMdan and gus-
tardun) ; a foundation; a kind of moveable
Turkoman house, variously ornamented ; a
parhelion or a halo round the moon ; name
of a note in music; a cornice; eaves,
projecting roof; — ehadurwani khdk, The
earth ; — shddurwdni marwdrid, Name of the
twelfth tuae of Barbud.

■>\i shad-Mr, Gratuitous service.

(te jIa shad-ham, Rejoicing, triumphing,
exulting, joyous, happy, contented; name
of the brother of Faridun.

a^tf jU shdd-Mma, A tumult ; — shdd-kdma
kardan, To rejoice at another's trouble.

oUi shad-kdmi, Gladness, happiness,
delight, content.

} \s jU. shad-gar. Joyous, happy, con-
tented.

&JjS" jU shd.d-gv.no,, A mattress for sleep-
ing on; anything upon which one leans; a
resting-place ; a sofa ; a coat of mail stuffed ;
a female singer or performer.

j\a shdd-mdr, Many serpents; a huge
serpent.

(jjUoU shddmdn, Cheerful, joyful,
pleased.

AiLoUi shddmdna, A rejoicing or jubilee
(especially on the public entry of a king,
or other festivity) ; the cultivation or im-
provement of any place ; joyfully; — shddmdna
shudan, To be joyful and glad.

^sUjU shddmcmi, Gladness, joy, pleasure,
delight ; — shddmdni kardan, shddmdni-hd
namudcm, To rejoice.

shddmand, Joyful, glad.

csJUjU shddnuk, Cheerful, blithe, joyous.

<WoU shddna (A. »>«jU. shadanaj), A kind
of stone shaped like a lentil, and used
medicinally for the eyes.

y^jU. shddwdn, Cheerfulness, mirth ;
eaves ; a canopy over the head of a king or
great man when giving audience in the
open air; a veil, a piece of tapestry; an
artificial fountain.

OyAs. ehddward, A halo round the moon ;
a royal throne ; a bed, couch, dormitory ;
a carpet ; name of the seventh of Khusrau's
treasures ; name of a note in music.

(Sjtfc shdda, Glad ; wine ; much water.

plifejU. shddakdm, The country of de-
light, the name of a province in the king-
dom of jinnistdn or Fairy-land, much
celebrated in Eastern romance, the capital
of which is called jawdhir-dbdd, City of
jewels.

^o\4i shddi, Gladness, festivity, joy, re-
joicing; a wedding; an ape; name of a
certain boy ; construed with the verbs
dmadan, dwardan, bar-khdston, khwurdan.
dtdan, gustardan, gusistan, gushddan.

a shddi, a singer ; a reciter of verses ;
one who has learned a part of morals or
good breeding ; a driver ; in pursuit of some
aim or object.

tVioU shddydkh, The City of Nisblbur.

u^jX* shady dna, A band ; a music gallery.

)j\ ^ J ^*> shddi- dwar, Joy-bringing.

4<5=i»>** shddicha, A counterpane, coverlet.

yjjoU. shddidan, To rejoice, to triumph.

*jV shddi-fazay, Increasing joy;

over-joyed.

»*>jW* <^^* shddl-mubarak, Congratula-
tions on marriage, or on the birth of a
child.

<jSy» shddi-marg, An easy death ;

death from joy ; dying easily or from joy.

djjU. $hddaya, A medicine for the eyes ; —
shddaya'i makka, Name given to the fire-
temple of Barmak in the neighbourhood of
Balkh,

\^jU shddihd (pi. of shddi), Rejoicings,
j^* shdz, Glad.

a J^*> shdzz, Divided from the rest; rare,
uncommon; irregular.

a shdzzat, shdzza (fern, of the pre-
ceding), A rare reading of the Qur'an.

a vr> oU« shdzib, Absent from one's country;
solitary, forlorn, hopeless.

A JjU shdzil, Name of a man.

a SoU ghdzilat, Name of a village in
Maghrib.

a ^JU. shadM, A native of Shaztlat; sur-
name of the founder of a sect who are
called after him Shdziliyah.

a gi ehdzanj, P. aj-ilfc shdzana, A sort
of fragile stone of a blackish red colour,
employed medicinally.

shdzl, Gladness.

jL*t shdr, Adulteration, debasement;
a jackal ; a very fine sort of muslin, from
which veils and lanterns are made; a
certain blackbird that talks like a parrot ;
a lofty edifice ; dancing ; a fall of water, an
outpouring of wine (see jU. ^T) ; the gentle
noise made thereby ; a whirlpool, eddy ; a
wide, open road ; a title of the princes of
Ghurjistan; also of the kings of Ethiopia;
(for shahr) a town ; (for shdh-rdh) high
road.

a shdrib, A drinker; a whisker,

mustachio.

shdraj, An isle in the Persian Gulf.

a zj* shdrih, A commentator, expositor,
explainer ; an interpreter ; a guard over
sown fields (against birds).

sjjiA shdrda, Sardinia.

sharzh-ddfar, Charge d'Affaires
(m.c. from Fr.).

yU.jV*. shdrsuii, A country having many
cities ; a large city, castle.

a U-jU ghdristdn, A city ; a villa sur-
rounded by gardens ; a country abounding
in towns ; name of a book written by Far-
zana Bahrain.

via.

( 723 )

kX*; 1 ^ gharashh, A bird resembling a par-
tridge, but smaller ; a rebeck, a parchment
violin.

a ?j^a* 8/i.dri', An expounder of the law ; or
of the articles of faith ; a legislator, law-
giver ; a highway, main road, thoroughfare ;
—shdri'i pahna-i A broad street or road; —
shdri'i 'amm ('am), A public road ; — ahair
ihari', Uncertain of, or wandering from, the
road.

a iJjU, sharif, Noble; also one that is
soon to be ennobled ; an old she-camel ; an
old arrow.

a shariq, (The sun) rising and

shining ; the eastern side of anything ;
name of an idol ; — shariq shudan, To rise
(the sun).

a iijU shdriqat, shariqa, Brightness,
splendour.

^j^> eharak, A species of talking-bird; a
grackle ; a nightingale.

J;^ shurl, Charles (Fr. pronunciation of
the name, m.c).

ylsJ,^ shdrlatan-burgh, Charlotten-
bonrg, near Berlin (m.c).

^LSjL*. ghdr-kar, Idle, sluggish ; any gratis
work which one is compelled to perform.

_,U ;U ghar-mar, A large kind of serpent.
shdru, A certain talking bird ; a
grackle.

^IjjU. ehdrwdn, A large curtain ; a
canopy.

shdrud, A halo round the moon.
a >-})j& ghdrof (for jdrob), A besom.
kjijU shdriiya, The sou of Khusrau
Parwez.

J/A shara (S. chim), A large turban or
wreath for the head; a veil; the muslin
cover of a lantern.

a ^j** tharl, A schismatic (opposed to
'Ah).

^^U, shdr'idan, To flow (as rivers) with
a great noise ; to pour, trickle, urine ; to
be guilty.

a sha'z (v.n.), Lying with; — sha'az
(v.n.), Being hard and rocky (a place) ;
being high or tall ; being restless.

a vj^A shdzib, Lean, gaunt (horse) ; dry.

'j^ shdza, = 6)^4. q.v.

a sha's, Rough, bard (place) ; —

sha'as (v.n.), Being hard and rough.

tj*\* shds, Bad-tempered ; dishonest ;
wicked.

shfisparam, Basil royal.
jr-^*» shdspo, Chassepot (m.c. from Fr.).

\* shad, A bustard.
a shdsi', Remote, distant.
a <-A~U shdeif, Dried, become dry (lea-
thern bottle).

shdsh, Vicious ; contrary ; urine ;
name of a city in Turkistan, whence come
excellent bows (see gW-).

a \J*\*> shdsh, A turban-sash ; name of a
city in Transoxiana (see preceding article).

oJUAa, shasliak, — vAtXb q.v.
yl^Al* shdshdan, The bladder ; an urinal ;
a poplar.

shaghidan, To make water, urine.
shashak, A four-stringed instru-
ment; name of a note in music; a bird
resembling a partridge, but smaller; an
animal resembling an ape.

<i*j*\A, shdshang, A four-stringed instru-
ment ; a small sort of partridge.

j&l* sJulshu, Name of a medicinal herb ;
one who habitually makes water in his
clothes, a pissabed.

iJy*A». shashula, The loose end of a turban.
shdsha, Urine ; exudation ; — shdsha
Jcardan, To make water.

^oaaU shdshadd/n, The bladder ; an
urinal.

a ^yfcU shdshl, Of Shash in Turkistan
(especially applied to bows made there).

(jj^aUi shdshidan, To make water; to
pour, trickle, exude, be wet; to be fit,
proper.

a >— shdsib (A life) oppressed with
penury.

a jkiA shdtir, One who teases, thwarts,
and harasses bis relations ; removing far
away from one's family ; cunning, sly,
clever ; a thief, a robber ; a messenger,
runner, courier ; a footman, a lackey (m.c.) ;
a chess-player.

g yy.y^* shdtaryiin, Satyrion.

a JLU shdtil, Name of a solvent medi-
cine.

a ehdtin, Wicked, bad-tempered

criminal.

UjA, } Ua shdf.-u-shut, Jabber and talk
(m.c).

a shati', The bank of a river ; the
sea-shore.

a ysU» shd'ir, A poet ; one who finds out ;
one who knows,

a AilysU sha'irdna> In poetical fashion ;
poetical.

a SjcU ehd'irat, shd'ira, A poetess.

a (jj*V*> ska' in, The art of poetry ; poetic
compositions ; hyperbole, exaggeration.

a JcV* shd'il, Blazing, shining.

a skd'i, Divulged, made public.

a J^^a shaghil, Who or what calls off the
attention ; busying, occupying ; busy, occu-
pied, employed ; attentive, intent ; — shugMi
shagkil, A work demanding much attention,
an absorbing business.

iiytit. shagkala, The loose end of a turban.
slidf, A suppository or clyster; —
shdfi abyaz, A medicine for the eyes ; — shdfi
ahmar, The penis.

a iiUi sha'fat, An ulcer on the foot, so
deeply seated that it can only be cured by
cauterisation.

(j^iVA shdftan, To swim ; to grow old ; to
break ; to burst ; to crumble to dust, be
worn.

( 724 )

a giVi s&a/i', Deprecating, interceding;
an advocate, intercessor, mediator.

a shafi'l, Name of the Imam abii 1 -

abdu'Uah rnuhammad bin idris, one of the
chiefs of the four principal sects of the
Muhammadan religion ; a follower of
Shafi'i.

A *o«*Ui shqfi'iyat, Sect of Shafi'l.

a h-aa* shafi'i-mazhab, A Shafiite.

ii^A shdja, Cotton dipped in medicine,
and applied to the eyes; a bougie, pessary,
suppository.

a shaft, Healing, salutary ; distinct,
clear ; — jawdbi shaft, Categorical answer.

Cj^Ui shafidan, To trip, to slip, to
stumble.

a o^* 1 shdqq, Difficult, troublesome, dis-
gusting, perplexing, toilsome, wearisome.

A JSU shdqul, J^i^*> shdqiit, An instru-
ment for ploughing used at Basrah ; a brick-
layer's plummet ; a pendulum.

cs)\* shah, A shoot, twig ; a he-goat ;
tumid, swelling ; one-footed, monoped ; a
bandage of linen, with which women truss
their breasts, a stomacher, corslet.

A shdkk, Armed, arrayed in armour ;
one who draws a bow.

)\£\*> shdkdr, A gratuitous work (especially
when one is compelled to work for nothing) ;
a scholar, apprentice; a boy, servant, groom,
shdhar, Work done for nothing.

a jS'Va shakir, (One who) celebrates,
praises, or gives thanks ; resigned ; one of
the names of God ; — shdhir shudan, To re-
turn thanks, to be grateful.

shdkirbdh, One compelled to keep
horses for the public service ; service, at-
tendance on a judge or magistrate.

a shdkil, Likeness ; whiteness be-

tween the ear and the temples.

a ehakilat, shdkila, Form, figure ;
way, manner ; hypochondria ; a tract, Bide,
quarter ; whiteness between the ear and
the temples.

JjIS'Ia shaTcl-ul, A babbler ; a glutton.

shdkala, A strawberry (corruption of
chagulak for T. u^Ljb.).

shakmand, A covering or blanket
of goats' hair.

s ^Jy+fiA shdkmuni (S. sdkyamuni), A
name of Buddha.

jySV*. shakward, A halo round the moon ;
a dormitory ; a royal throne ; the seventh
treasure of Khusrau ; name of a note in
music.

a (_/Ls. shaki, Equipped with arms; armed;
a backbiter, censurer, stigmatizer ; one who
complains, a lamenter.

j^Lii shagird, A scholar, student, appren-
tice ; a disciple, pupil; a boy, servant,
groom ; a copier of records ; — shdgirdi
rashid, A complete, apt scholar.

4Jtaj£U, shdgirddna, A scholar, apprentice,
or a servant ; presents made to children at

the time of nushra (see Sr*-*) ; the fee given
by a scholar to his teacher; an extra gra-
tuity over and above wages due, drink
money ; alms.

shdgird-pesha, A menial ; re-

tiuue.

^jjfU shdgirdi, A gratuity over and
above wages due ; alms ; a scholar, student,
apprentice; apprenticeship; learning, study.

J^* shdl, A shawl or mantle, made of very
fine wool of a species of goat common in
Tihet; a coarse mantle of wool and goats'
hair, worn by dervishes ; a small carpet ;
white hair-cloth, horse-cloth, or housing ; —
shdl ba-gardan dashtan (met.), To be ill ; —
shall tarma, A Kashmir shawl ; — shall farnwx-
numa, An imitation Kashmir shawl ; — shall
tang, A girth ; — shdli fiis, A shawl made iD
Tus ; — shdl kushtan, To strangle with a
shawl (mode of execution) ; — shdli kuhna,
dashtan, To wear an old shawl, i.e. be very
poor.

(j* 1 ^^ shdl-poshi, A coarse cloth placed
uDder a horse's armour ; the garment of a
pauper.

shalikh, Salah, son of Arphaxad, and
grandfather of Abraham.

jlo JLs. shdl-ddr. Stamped to imitate
shawl.

6ji\± shdlda, The foundation of a wall or
building.

usSiit* shdlang, One taken in the stead of
another, a sponsor ; the nimble pace of a
courier; woollen padding sewn under a
carpet; a horse-cloth.

shdlangi, A rope-maker ; a spinner
of materials for tent-making.

■w* shdl-namad, Housing of goats'
hair.

jU shdla-mdr, Name of a pleasure-
garden in Kashmir.

«£&H)L6- shnlhang, A pledge ; quarrel, broil;
fraud, deceit ; obstinacy, stubbornness, dis-
obedience.

(jSU, shall, Rice in the husk ; — shdliyi dbl,
A kind of wild rice.

shdli-pdya, A rice-field.

j\\ shdllzdr, A rice-field, rice-ground.
sham, Evening ; supper (also called
shami shab) ; dinner (m.c.) ; — sham Ichpw-
dan, To sup, to dine; — sham dddan. To
give a supper ; — -sham shikastan, To break-
fast in the evening shami ghurbat, The
supper of a poor, destitute traveller ; — sham
kardan,To sup; — sham usahar, Morning and
evening (adv.); — namazi sham, Evening-
prayer, vespers.

a sha'm (v.n.), Being unlucky ; bring-
ing ill luck ; — sham, Syria and its capital
Damascus ; [shami sharif, The noble city
of Damascus ;] (pi. of shdmat) black moles
or marks ; — shdmm, Smelling.

a oUU shdmat, The Syrias (m.c).

jUU shdmdkh, A kind of millet; — also

( 725 )

si*

shdmajrftcha, A bandage with which
women truss their breasts.

jW*> shdmdr, jUU shdmdz, Name of a
place, the abode of many fire-worshippers.

t*!UU shdmdk, A short female garment,
reaching to the middle of the leg ; also an
under shirt, worn in hot weather, or in
violent exercise, to prevent the perspiration
from staining the other clothes ; a short
working garment ; a bandage for the
breasts.

A^XWa shdmdkcha, A stomacher ; a ban-
dage for trussing the breasts ; a short shift
or inner garment; a sleeveless shirt, tunic,
or vest ; a cloak.

shdmdlta, Hard pitch.

4JUU1 shdmala, Brown, tawny (unsup-
ported by examples).

yUl* shaman, Measure, <5fcc. (= Hjljtf
q.v.)

($tf\»' shamven, Champagne (m.c. from
Pr.).

0$** shdmpen-sdsi, Champagne

manufactory (m.c).

A &-U. sha'mat, shdmat, The left side; ad-
versity, ill luck, disaster ; disgrace, infamy ;
— shdmat, A black spot or mole ; a lunar
spot; a black she -camel ; — shdmmat, ehdm-
ma, Smelling (fern.) ; the nose ; — guwati
thdmma, The olfactory sense.

a ut«-Ui shdmit, A rejoicer at another's
loss or misfortune.

a 5Jj uw<U shamat-ssada, shamati,
Unfortunate, miserable ; a wretch ; cursed,
dead.

a shdmikji, High, lifted up ; lofty,
proud ; — jabali shamikh, A high mountain,
towering to the Bky.

shamir, shdmar, A veil, covering for
the head.

lt - *^*' sh&mis, \J>~*\*> ehdmish, The Greek
island of Samos ; Samian earth, resembling
talc, which if touched with the tongue ad-
heres to it; also a kind of viscous earth,
white or black, that dissolves in water.

«UU shdmdk, A vest reaching to the
waist.

shdmakcha, A short garment
reaching to the waist ; a linen bandage with
which women truss their breasts.

alSUU, sham-gdh, Evening-tide.

A J-U. shdmil, Who or what extends
itself, touches all round, surrounds, com-
prehends, contains, communicates with ;
comprehensive ; complete, perfect ; in-
cluded ; universal ; united, confederate ; —
thdrnili hdl, Comprising the circumstances
of the case ; similarly circumstanced ;
jointly, together.

a uulUU shdmildt, Things included ; part-
nership ; undivided property ; a copar-
cenary estate ; land held in common.

a jS**^ shdmildtl, Common, general ;
joint; coparcenary.

a J^- J*^» shdmil-hdl, — shdmili hdl q.v.
under J*V&.

shdmus, = q.v.

ma shdma, A woman's veil ; a lord,
master; supper; anything lying; a black
thing; darkness; a falcon's hood; a place;
a seat ; a comb ; the elbow ; (for Ar. &*\&)
the sense of smelling ; scent, smell.

shdml, Supper ; the evening.

a ^s**^* shaml, shdml, A Syrian, Syriac.

djL^U. shdmydna, A parasol, umbrella,
canopy.

shdn, A bee-hive (also called shdni
'asaZ and shdni mum) ; virgin honey ; a large
loaf of fine flower, such as are given in
presents on new-year's-day ; a mandate ;
science; an enigma; a shoemaker's last;
fear ; a white Indian dress ; a whetstone
(imp. of ekdndan) ; comb thou, &c. ; (for
eshdn) they ; (in polite speech) he, his lord-
ship, &c. (m.c.) j—jdmaH shdn, Their gar-
ment ; — asbi shdn, Their horse ; — sar-hd-
shdn, Their heads (m.c).

a ^'U sha'n, shdn (v.n.), Doing, minding,
or looking after (one's business) ; thing,
affair, business ; nature, disposition ; rank,
dignity, power, authority ; respect, regard ;
— shdni sharif, A noble condition, a lofty
rank; — shdni 'ashari, Military honour; —
hirsi shdn, Ambition.

shdn-ddr, A man of quality or

rank.

shdnddn, shdnaddn, A comb-case.

(jjJjUi shdndan, To comb; to mark ; to lay
(the dust).

ajj\ yU shdws-aliza, Champs Elysees in
Paris (m.c).

SjjiU shdmdah, Sixteen.

(♦ajyU shdnzdahum, The sixteenth.
shdnah, The crop of a bird.

ylyUa shdnawdn, A comb-case.

shdna, A comb; a weaver's comb
hair combed flat (opp. toja'd "curled hair")
a crest ; a hay or corn fork ; a honey-comb
a bee-hive; the shoulder-blade; speed
leaping, bounding ; a desert ; — shdndi asb
(sidur-khdr), A curry-comb; — shdna pechi-
dan, (met.) to object, to make difficulties ; —
shdna khdli kardan, To oppose ; to pretend,
to make excuses or pretexts ; — shdna dar db,
A comb ready for combing (construed
with the verbs budan, ddshian, and nihddan) ;
— ahana da/r risk zadan, To be prepared ; —
shdna dwdldan, (met.) To object, to resist,
to make difficulties ; — ehdna'i dasi, A lint,
wool, or cotton-card, (met.) the hand with
the five fingers; — shdna zadan, To comb; —
shdna shikastan, To frighten, to terrify ; —
shdna'i karpds, A weaver's instrument; —
shdna kardan (kashidan, nihddan), To comb ;
to curry ; — ehdna-garddni (shdna-gul)
kardan, To oppose ; to pretend, to make
excuses ; — an gardi 'dlam {'adam) shdna
hard, He created, he made manifest.

( 726 )

pfi 6i\\ Bhana awex, Suspending a man
by the hands to a comb- shaped instrument
of torture.

iuU eham-bdf, A cloth of coarse
exture.

tfei s%<Zma.&?m, A sooth-sayer (augur-
ing from the shoulder-blades of goats).

^ift) 4iU shdna-bini, Augury from the
shoulder-blade.

ge* <uU shdna-pech, Refractory, contuma-
cious.

4>U shdna-tardsk, A comb-maker.
(jWajU. shdnaddn, A comb-case.
i>U shdna-rez, Combings.
a\u shana-zun, A comber; a hair-
dresser.

jL, shdna-sdz, A comb-mater.

j_ ajU shdtia-sar, shdna-sardk,
(crest-head) The hoopoo or puet.

(jj^ <uU. shdna-hdn, Quarrel, dispute,
contest.

i^-i iiV* shdna-Jcash, A comber.

U dila. ghdna nd-karda, Uncombed.
&U shdna-gir, Refractory, contuma-
cious.

jua <uu. shdna-Md, A hay or corn-fort.
sham, Name of a coin formerly cur-
rent.

a shdni', A hater (of man or woman),
an evil-wisher; — shdni, Referring to condi-
tion, dignity, rank, &c.

^x^\jb, sMnldan, To comb ; to card.

A /U sha'w (v.n.), Preceding, outstrip-
ping ; clearing mud out of a well ; a boun-
dary, term, goal, end, extremity ; mud,
&c. drawn out of a well ; a basket.

j\«U» ehdwdr, Fit for a king ; choice.

jj,w> shdwur, =jp^ q.v.

y^Lfc gkdwardn, A city in Sbirwan.

Jj^U shawazd, A kind of white thorn.

ehavgbtxr, A brazen trumpet; name
of a country in Turkistan.

^i.U shdwinl, shdvni, Covering of a cradle.

j^jCs. shdwur, A confidant of Khusrau
Parwez, kiDg of Persia, who went to the
court of Heraclius, emperor of Greece, and
dropped the picture of his prince in the sight
of the princess Shirin, the emperor's daugh-
ter, in consequence of which she fell in
love with him (see jjy?,) ; a pimp j Shapur,
king of Persia.

yjj^U. shdwidan, To become, &c. (=

; to go.

shawin, Cotton-carding; a cotton-
reel.

s\jb, shah, A king, sovereign, emperor,
monarch, prince ; the king at chess ; check
to the king (in chess) ; a bridegroom ; a
son-in-law ; a title assumed by fakirs ; a
wide, main road ; a sort of garment used
in India ; root, origin ; name of an animal ;
of noble blood; great, excellent in any
degree ; — shdhi dfdq-gird, Alexander Zu'l
Qarnain ; — skdhi anjum (khdwar, khargdhi

mind), The sun; — shah hhydndan, To adduce
cogent arguments; — shdhi dad, The just
king (Nushirwiin) ; — sMhi zdwul, Name of
Mahmud Sabuktigin ;— ehdhi zang, Night ;
— shdhi saiydrdt (tdrimi falaF), The sun;—
shdhi 'dli-jdh, A king of exalted dignity ;—
shdhi jardun, The sun ; — shdhi gauhardn, A
certain precious stone which belonged to
Khusrau Parwez, and which, on being cast
into the sea, attracted to itself a number of
other precious stones; — shdhi guyandagdn,
Muhammad ; — shdhi musallas-buruj (mused-
lasi), The sun ; — shdhi murabba'-nishin, The
Qaaba ; — shdhi marddn, King of valour,
AH ; — shdhi mashrlq, The sun ; — shdhi mm-
roz, A title of the governor of Sistan ; — shdhi
yak-aspa, The sun.

shdhd (vocative case), O king!
shdhab, A red colour; red juice of
the flower of the Mjira.

oVf shdh-dbdd, A district of south
Bahar.

^jU^ «U shdh-dzmdy, " King-proving,"
putting the king to the test.

jy*)^ at* shdh-dzmud, Who or what has
seen (many) a king (the crown).

&U shdh-isparam, ,»j>j-..,\ shdh-
isparham, eLa, shdh-isfarh'am, f^y^

shdh-ispargham, Basil-royal.
sU shdh-afsar, Melilot.
^j>\i\ sUi shah aqdchi, Name of a village
near Rasht.

jjij sU. shah- did, A sort of plum.
ylfcU shdhdn (pi. of shdh), Kings.

»U shdh-anjh; A small but delicious

fig-

AiUU. shdhdna, Royal ; splendid, magni-
ficent ; royally; a dress worn by a bride-
groom.

0 J J^ tsj^ shdh-anddzT kardan, To
boast, to brag.

ot? shdh-bad, The king's son-in-law.

jUsU shdh-bdz, A royal falcon ; the longest
feathers in a falcon's wing ; royal, generous,
noble.

JL*&U shdh-bdl, Longest feather in a
■wing.

JL^aU shdh-bdld, One who is exactly of
the same age, height, and figure as the
bridegroom, and who attends the bride-
groom to the house of the bride.

E s^aU shdh-bdnaj, A hard Egyptian tree.

ud>4 shdh-bdnak, A sort of medicinal
plant.

s ^ shdh-burj, Name of a fortified
tower of Akbar-abiLd.
i^; &U. shdh-busa, Melilot.

shdh-balut (ballut), (royal oak) A

chestnut.

jjuu^U, shah-bandar, The shiibandar, the
receiver-general of duties or tribute ; the
custom-house (at Dacca).

shdh-boy (bay), The odour of amber
or musk ; ambergris.

shdh-bait, The royal distich or
concluding verse of the Ghazal or Eastern
ode.

shdh-par, Largest feather in a

wing.

ffi ^ shdh-param, Basil-royal.

i^aIa slidh-pml, Name of a Peri ; amber,
musk (see ^ sU, of which the word, in
these meanings, is perhaps a misreading).

-u~j ait, ghdk-pasand, Vervain (Verbena
officinalis).

v\y sU shah-tarab, A viceroy ; a king's
favourite ; a satrap.

lysaU shdhtarra (A. eysaU.), Fumitory.

«i>y a la. shah-tfd, A large, excellent mul-
berry.

;~> ^ shdh-tir, The king-beam, the large
beam of a house.

ghdh-jdn, Name of the city Marv.
aU. sJidh-juy, Longing for the ting,
full of affection for the king (heart).

al* shdh-jdhdn, Name of an emperor
of Hindustan.

ehdh-chim, The expressed juice
of a China plant.

cs^^a- sU shdh-khwurdl, Sweetmeats used
on great days.

■**^*> shdhid, A beautiful woman ; a hand-
someman; a ringletof hair,especially belong-
ing to a mistress ; known ; things of great
value ; — shdhidi jdn, The beloved of one's
soul; — shdhidi zarbaft-posh, Heaven; day;
the sun ; — shdhidi Hard, White wine ; —
shdhidi rukh-zard (roz, za'farani, shdhi falak,
tighdni charkli), Name of the sun.

a. -i&U shdhid, A witness, eye-witness,
bystander.

au. thdh-ddru, (sovereign remedy) A
name which Jamshed gave to wine.

jWj aU. shdh-ddmdd, The king's son-in-
law (see jI} ala.).

shah-dan, A large, beautiful

pearl.

a jJ^aaIa shdhddnaj (from the following),
Hemp-seed.

&^AJ6.U, shdh-ddna, A large pearl ; the
largest bead in a rosary ; hemp-seed ; a
cherry ;— shdh-ddna' i hind, Indian hemp.

jl» shdhid-bdz, Whoremonger ; sodom-
ite.

^ aaU shdhid-bdzi, Whoredom.
u~-^ shdhid-parast, A devoted lover.
«-<i.jj 4li #ha?t-dirakht, The royal fir.
jjj aU shdh-duzd, A captain of robbers, an
arch-thief.

ojj ftU shah-dud, A sort of musical in-
strument.

is^ aU ghdh-duna, Salvia Syriaca (plant).

a ^AjfcU shdhid/, Testimony, evidence.

j\y.o iU shdh-dnvdr, A palace- wall.

a yfc^A shdhir, One holding a drawn sword ;
(used irregularly for mashhur) renowned.

i\) aU, shdh-rdh, King's highway, main
road.

ale.

shdh-ruM, The horn of a rhinoce-
ros ; the rooks in chess ; a title given to
the sons of the nobility ; name of a son of
Tiniur.

jii^U shah-rash, A fathom.

vsf/t^> shah-rag, The jugular vein.

Ay tU shuh-rud (rod), A large river j
name of a river falling into the Safid-rud
at Manjll ; the brass cord of an instrument ;
name of a musical instrument ; name of a
city.

jjfclj «U shdh-zddagl, Minority of a
prince ; youthful folly ; foolish pride.

so^j &U» shdh-zdda, King's son, heir-appa-
rent.

^U. & j\j aU shdh-zdda- khdnum, A princess ;
crown-princess (m.c).

W j sU shdh-zan, A royal spouse (m.c).

Sjjj *^ shdh-zlra, Caraway-seed.

a shdhasbaram (from P.), and —

f+ t'jf * shdh-sipargham, shdh-
siparam, f, »,>.,» aU shdh-siparham, Sweet
basil, basil-royal.

jU iU shdh-sdr, Like a king.

CjU—fc^ shdhistdn, (the king's country)
Persia.

4\a s^dA-8?m)(xr, An excellent horse-
man.

iU> shdh-siw, The expressed juice of
a plant brought from China, good for the
headache.

a j*t 5Ui shdh-tamar, The great artery.

a J^c shdh-'dlam, Surname of 'Ali
Gaunar, son of Alam-gir II., one of the
Mogul Emperors of India.

y^s-r 4 shdh-gharjikan, A royal habit
of fine muslin.

ali shah-fash, King-like.

a (JaU shahiq, High, lofty (mountain or
edifice).

a ft\i il* ehdh-qdm, A term used at chess
by the losing party in order to draw the
game.

us\aj£ aU. shah-Jeatnak, Rhanmus pallasii
(plant).

shdh-kdr, (king's work) A gra-
tuitous work, which one is compelled to do ;
anything great, pure, and magnificent.

alh shdh-kdsa, A large cup, a tankard.
Jtf aU shdh-hdl, Squint-eyed.
p\$ sU shdh-gdm, Pleasant-paced (horse) ;
a particular pace of a horse, the royal
pace.

qV&sUi shdhgan, a\£jb\A shdhgdna, Any-
thing great and noble ; a royal treasure ;
a species of verse.

^Ojf shdh-girdi, Captivity, subjection.

y^jijf i\t, shdh-gauhardn, A jewel of the
first magnitude and purest ray ; a single
pearl filling its shell.

^jjf sis. shdh-cjoy, Speaking of the king,
full of talk of the king (tongue).

y£ shdh-guhar, Ancestor of kings.

}1 S ala. shdh-gir, Capturing kings.

( 727 )

&U» (

e J »U shdh-hlj, A sort of plum.
*y «U shdh-luk, A large yellow plum.
y»^J &U ghdh-limtl, An exquisite kind of
lemon.

uuU i\* shah-mat, Checkmate at chess.
j»Us\& shdhmdnd, Resembling a king;
royal.

iU. shdh-mdM, Red mullet (sur-
mullet).

j-j- sV*. ehdh-muhra, A precious stone,
said to be found in a serpent's mouth or a
dragon's head.

yA^fc shdlian, sh&hin, A shepherd's pipe; —
shahin, The beam of a balance ; an excel-
lent falcon.

f>\i sU ghah-ndm, A sort of musical in-
strument ; name of a city in Shirwan.

ijm\i 1V4, shdh-ndma, A history of kings ;
the book of kingg, title of a poetical and
moBt romantic history of the ancient Per-
sian monarchs, by PirdausI, who is justly-
considered as the Homer of the East.

^UaUi shah-nay, A military trumpet,

ojuaIa. shdhandan, To be honest, sincere;
to act uprightly.

»jufcW shdhanda, Pious, honest, upright ;
excellent, blest.

tiAfc^A shahamhdh, sI&^aVa. shdhanshdh,
&£j*l»> ehdhanehah, sUta^ shahanshah (a
contraction of si*. ^iM*. shdhdn-shah), King
of kings, lord of lords ; — shdhanshdki ssand-
wdstd (falak), The sun.

^jfcUifcU shdhanshdki, Imperial dignity,
monarchy ; royal, imperial, princely, monar-
chal.

y*£j£>U» shdh-niskin, The seat of the
king, i.e. a gallery or balcony projecting
from the palace, where the king shows him-
self to his people ; a balcony, gallery, por-
tico, or similar projection; a costly carpet.

yfclAt shdhu, \)B^> shahwd (contracted from
the following), Large, excellent, royal
(pearl).

jljAl* shdhwdr, Royal, noble ; like a king,
fit for a king, befitting a king ; a fine royal
pearl.

jjjfeU shdhward, A halo round the moon ;
a royal throne ; a dormitory ; the seventh
treasure of Khusrau; name of a note in
music.

jbyfcUi shdhwash, Royal ; a maiden, vir-
gin.

Jybl*. skdhnl, A plumb-line ; a pendulum
(see J

^jbU shah-Hy (?), Name of a historian
from which Firdausi took some parts of his
poem.

<5sfcU shdhu, A turret raised above a house
for the enjoyment of air ; name of a city in
Hamawaran, where S&daba was born.

shdhi, Royal ; imperial dignity,
dominion, sovereignty, royalty ; the fol-
lowers of the sect of AH ; name of a poet ;
name of a coin ; a penny (m.c.) : a sort of

8 ) ^t*

sweetmeat, made of starch and white of
egg-

0^a\a shdhldan, To reign, to exercise
kingly authority ; to be honest, upright,
righteous, sincere, pious.

BAjila. shdhida, Pious, chaste, upright.

fc***^* shahin, A royal white falcon;
the beam of scales; a place to recline; the
tongue of a balance.

t ^(Uii (^«*U shdhin-qala' si, The fort
of the falcon (on the Bosphorus, m.c).

ts^A shay, God ; imp. of shdyidan.
j*iU shdydr, Gratuitous work which one
is compelled to do.

shdydn, Legal, lawful, allowed, per-
mitted ; worthy, suitable; agreeable; pos-
sible, contingent ; gratuitous but forced
work.

gj-Jlal* shdydnidan, To cause to comb;
to cause to suit.

a JLjJIa shd'ibat, Mixture ; impurity ; any
impure thing; suspicion, doubt; semblance,
least appearance.

•ajU shay ad, Let it be; it is agreeable,
suitable, worthy, proper; may be, perhaps,
perchance, possibly, probably ; probability,
shayrdd, A halo round the moon.

£) A s J ^«~i^» shdyietdnldan, To cause to suit,
to render useful.

i_s^~>U. shdyistagi, Aptitude, suitability,
conveniency; propriety, fitness; affability.

t>*— shdyistan, To become, suit, agree ;
to be worth ; to assist ; to be destroyed ;
to be necessary.

fe-jA* shdyista, Worthy, honourable ;
legal, unobjectionable; suitable, decent,
useful; well-bred, polite; — shdyista - hud
(shdyista-hasti), Whose existence is neces-
sary, i.e. self-existent.

to^jiUi shdyista-miadj, Affable, mild.

^z—tS* shdyistani, What is necessary or
suitable,

ij2«>tfr shdyish, Faculty, ability, possibility.

a sha'i', shdyi', Spreading ; divulged,
published, promulgated ; notorious, mani-
fest.

a i*isU shdyi'a, A wide-spread rumour.

a shd'iq, Who or what excites desire ;
desirable ; desirous, ardent, zealous ; las-
civious ; impatient.

a shd'iqm (obi. pi. of the prece-

ding, also used as nom.), Ardent admirers,
lovers, votaries.

a usifUi shd'ik, Thorny, prickly ; armed.

} A£ (jU. shay IcaUv, Name of a Persian
prophet.

«s>U shayika, A certain thorn which bears
the gum 'anzariit.

yVSoU. shdygdn (for shdhtjdn], Any thing
worthy of a king or great man ; large, im-
mense (particularly a royal treasury) ; name
cf one of Khusrau' s treasures ; opened,
displayed ; wide, spacious ; repeated, re-
iterated; worthy, suitable, befitting; any

thing which one is compelled to do gratui-
tously for the king; verse that ends in an,
and is of two classes. The first, which is
called shdygdni khafi, is an at the end of
words denoting the agent, as girydn " weep-
ing, a weeper," khanddn " laughing, a
laugher." Words of this class are not
allowed to rhyme with such words as zamdn,
" time," or kamdn " a bow." (In like man-
ner, in, forming adjectives of relationship
in such words as titishin " fiery," sl-min
" silvery," may not rhyme with such words
as zamln " earth," or kamin " ambush.")
The second class, -which is called shdygdni
fall, is an at the end of words in the plural
as ydran, dostdn " friends." Such words
may not rhyme with a noun in the singular
as fuldn " So-and-so." The occurrence of
these terminations more than once in the
Ghazal or Qasida is forbidden.

sjISjU ehdygdna, Beseemingly, properly ;
richly.

ij^^ shdygdni, Large, immense (parti-
cularly a royal treasury).

t~£t\»- shdyigina, ^4^.^* shdyig'tni, Small,
cheap (doubtful word).

a JJIa sha'il, Milkless (camel), or one
that by cocking her tail shows she is preg-
nant.

^fS* ihmjv3avd, A halo round the moon ;
name of the seventh treasure of Khusrau ;
also of a note in music.
shdya, Fruit.

that, A worshipper of God.
shdyidan, To become, suit, agree ;
to be worthy ; to be useful and necessary.

s-* shah, Night, darkness ; [shabi ihyd (?) ,
= shabi tag below; — shab ba-iM nim hard,
Midnight has passed ; — ~s7iaii bardt, The
fourteenth night of Sha'ban; — ehab bar-
ddshtan (paimudan), To measure the night,
i.e. to remain awake all night; — shab bar
sari chang dmad, The night is advanced ; —
shab ba~roz dviavdan (kardan), To work
fhrough the night ; — shabi tdrik (tira). An
obscure night ; (adv.) in the dark of
night; — shabi te gh . The tenth night of the
month Muharram ; — shabi jak (chak) The
fifteenth night of Sha'b&u; — shab hdmila
hast Id chih zdyad, The night is pregnant,
what will she bring forth ? i.e. future has
good and bad in store, so despai r not ; — shabi
khamdr, A night of drunkenness ; — shab dar
miydn dddan, To become security foranight,
or for a longer time;— shabi daijiir (zawjl) , A
dark night; — shab-ru, At night, during the
night (m.e.) ; — shab zinda ddshtan, To re-
main awake all night ; — shab sakhtan, To
pass the night in company with another
(see shab kardan) ; — shabi sada, Name of
the tenth night of the month bahman ; —
shabi shaba-gun, A dark night ; — shabi
shanb, The night of a drinking bout; —
shab shudan, To terminate (the season of

youth) ; — shab ehikaslan, To pass the night ;
night passes ; — shabi tag, The nineteenth,
twenty-first, and twenty-third nights of
Ramazan ; — shabi zulmat-andud, A night
veiled in darkness ; — shabi 'amharin, A dark
night; — shabi farrukh, The fourteenth note
of the barbut ; — shabi gadar, The night of
power, i.e. the twenty-seventh of the month
Eamazan ; — shabi kd'indt, The world ; —
shab kardan, To pass the night in company
with another, to pass the night (m.c.) ; —
shab qurba sammur numdyad, At night the
cat appears like a civet-cat ; — shabi guzathta,
Last night ; — shabi gul. The night of roses
(when people visit the rose-gardens to cele-
brate the advent of spring) ; — shabi gesu-
fishdn, A dark night; — shabi mdh, Light
night, moonlight ; — shabi masrd, The night
of Muhammad's pretended ascent to
heaven ; — shab u roe, Night and day ; —
shabi yaldd, Longest winter-night; — dar
sliab, In the night, at night ;] — shib, a pre-
cious silk-stuff ; the whizz of an arrow.

a s-*> shdbb (v.n.), Kindling (a flame or
war) ; height, elevation ; growing to be a
young man ; alum ; — shabbi yamdnl, The
best kind of alum found in Taman.

s->W* shabab, Name of a note in music; —
shibdb, A cherry.

a v>W*» shabab (v.n. of C-*), Growing up,
becoming a young man ; youth, prime of
life ; youthf ulness ; beginning of anything ;
(pi. of shdbb) youths, young men ; [unfa-
uodni shabab, Flower of youth ;] — shibdb,
Curvetting (of a horse) ; whatever is used
in lighting a fire ; — shubbdb (pi. of shdbb
according to the Muntakbab, but if it occurs
in Persian writers, evidently misreading for
shubban), Young men.

a shabdlat, irflfA shabdbiyat, Touth,
youthfumess.

j;;W*> shab-d-roz, Night and day ; always.

lAiU^ 1 shab-d-rozt, The civil day, twenty-
four hours ; — bdrdni shab-d-rozi, Twenty-
four hours rain.

6;W* shabdra, A woman running about at
night ; a bat.

a s-*>W* shab-d-shab, Night by night;
quick.

a kLA shubdt, The Syriac month of
February.

a. icLi shabd'at (v.n. of £**•), Having a
capacious understanding ; — shubd'at, Leav-
ings after the appetite is satisfied ; the
well Zanizani.

j^jil s-* shab-a/me, Illuminating the
night, i.e. the moon, a candle, a glow-worm,
and the like ; the tenth month of the royal
sera.

til~i] shab-afsdna, A night-tale.
a shibdk (pi. of shabalcat), Nets.

a &"W*< shubbdlcat, A lattice, trellis ; net-
work ; a net.

.-SJ^a shabdlang, Chase, game.

( 729 )

( 730 )

A shabdm, A certain plant ; — shibdm,
A piece of wood put into the mouth of a
kid to prevent him from sucking, a gag ;
name of a tribe ; also of a place.

A JWa shibdl (pi. of shibl), Lion-whelps.

9^ shabdn, A bat ; night ; (pi. of shab)
nights ; [shabdn, shubdn, A shepherd,
pastor; — shabdni wtidl'i aiman, The shep-
herd of the happy valley, i.e. Moses ;] —
shiibbdn (pi. of v^*), Toung men.

iSf^\ h-a shab-ambuy, "Winter gilly-
flower.

JijD j-^ s-** s/ta& araciar roz, (night within
day) A silken stuff of a mixed colour.

ji?^** fhabdn-roz, ^sy/W* shabdn-rozl,
Night and day ; the civil day, twenty-four
hours.

*-H^l shabdn-firib (usWjj* firibak, <-i»y
firif, fijl firlv, t*)^ firiivak) , The shepherd-
mocker or deceiver, a kind of bird with a
shrill pipe ; according to others, a bat, or
a wagtail.

JjUiljA shabdnMra, Name of a district in
Persia, and of a village near Tus.

tSjl&W* shabdnhdri, A nation.

iVSilfA shabCin-gah, Evening ; morning
(comp. ; a lodging-place ; a fold ; —

shabdn - gah, shubdn - gdh, A shepherd's
cabin.

^jiil&ltA shabdn-gdhi, Belonging to the
evening ;-^ta'dmi shabdn-gdhi, The evening
meal, supper.

*£>Wa shabdn-qah, = si&WA q.v.

s-a thab-angez, Henbane ; a bat.

^ylf* shabdnnr, shabdnwar, A bat.

«La shabana, Nocturnal; (adv.) by
night, at nightfall (m.c.) ; supper; night-
clothes ; night-wages ; last night's (bread
or wine) ; muddled, tipsy ; wine taken at
night ; — shabana, shubdna, A shepherd, a
guardian, keeper.

j<jj **Wa shabdna-roz, The civil day, con-
sisting of twenty-four hours.

shabdni, Pastoral charge, pastorate ;
the office of a shepherd ; a coin weighing
seven drachms ; — ddhi shabdni kunanda, A
shepherdess.

\fi s-a shab-dwd, Crying out at night ; a
nocturnal cry.

)*jWa shahdwez, Name of a bird which is
said to suspend itself by its claws, aud cry
haq haq all night, till the blood drops from
its mouth.

a. shabdhat, Likeness, similarity, re-
semblance.

*a£ifc^A shabdhang, The morning-star ;
dawn ; night ; the dog-star ; the nightin-
gale ; a cote ; the teeth of a mistress ; a
horse.

shabd-hangdm, Night-time.
Sj^ s-a shab-bdra, A strumpet ; a bat.
jlj s-*a shab-bCu, Who plays by night,
particularly a puppet-man j one who reads

the Qur'an by night ; a night- watcher ; a
bat.

*)W s-a ehab-bdza, A bat ; a strumpet.

^gjW s-a shab-bdzi, Tricks, games, and
dances by night ; fraud, deceit ; a night
attack (in this meaning probably misread-
ing for ^jb" s-a).

s-a shah-bash, A. night-lodger.

^Ati s-a shab-bdsM, Nightly lodging.
s-a shab ba-khair, Good night, salu-
tation at night.

y) s-a shab-bo, Polyanthus tuberosa; —
shab-boyi hardti, Hesperis tristis.

5 jy s -" A shah-bum, A bat.

ijji s~a shab-boy, The yellow violet; a
fragrant forest- flower resembling camo-
mile.

s-a shab-biddr, Waking or watching
all night, sleepless.

(_>*U s-a shab-pds, A night-watch.

tsSj^-A shab-parak, *^«a s hob-para, A bat.

jj^-jA shab-pur, A bat.

^J>£ s-a shab-posh, Night-covering, i.e.
quilts, counterpanes, blankets, bedding of
any kind ; a woman's veil.

s-a shab-piiy, The noise of the feet
in walking gently.

^U-j s-a shab-paimdy, (measuring the
night) Sleepless ; sick ; a lover.

*^t*> shibit (A. shibitt), Anise, dill;—
shibt, A hall.

s-a shab-tdb, (night-light) The moon ;
a candle; a black cat, from her eyes
shining remarkably in the night ; a fire-
fly ; a gem ; — kirmi shab-tdb, A fire-fly, a
glow-worm.

j\J s-a shab-tdz, y^fi s-A shab-tdai, An at-
tack by night.

utli s-a shab-tak, A sort of game.

a <a*-a sliabas (v.n.), Clutching, fixing the
claws in ; a spider ; a multiped venomous
insect ; name of a man ; — shabis, Having
the hands locked (combatants).

W- h-a shab-jd, A lodging-place for the
night.

\^ s-~a shah-chard, Who has pastured on
the night, i.e. very black.

^^1a shab-chirdgh, (night-lamp) A car-
buncle, a brilliant gem ; a glow-worm ; a
fire-fly.

t£U\j«*<A shab-cliiragjkak, A glow-worm.

s^-a* shab-chara, Dried fruits eaten at
night ; a nightly grazing of cattle.

ctljjj-A shabchak, A asfA shabcha, A festival-
night in the month Sha'ban, or Zu'l
Qa'da.

<!<«rfA shubcha, A moth; a weevil (see

iU-A).

a £*a shabh, ehabah, Any object seen at
a distance and yet appearing as a mere
black speck ; body.

a £*a shabkh, The noise made by milk
in milking.

AJl^fA shab-hhAna, A bed-chamber; a

( 731 )

haram ; a closet into which one retires at
night for exercises of devotion.

s~*> shab-khwdbi, Night-clothes.

tjtjafc** shab-khwdn, The nightingale.

jiiji s-vfc shab-Jchwush, Good night !

shab-khfin, A night-assault ; a noc-
turnal journey (construed with the verbs
amadan, dwardan, burdan, chakidan, khwur-
dan, rekhtan, zadan, kardan, in the sense of
making or meeting with a night-assault
respectively).

s-v*. shab-kjtunt, Kobbery by night.

>sw*i shab-khez, One who rises to pray or
who watches in the night.

■^■j^t- slwh-khlzak, Water-cresses.

,_5j*«i-p«» shab-khezi, A rising in the night.
ehabdar, Clover, trefoil ; clubs (in
cards, m.c).

tjW* "i-* ehab-dar-miydn, A transaction
with the allowance of a night to intervene ;
a distance of (two days and a) night, i.e.
of thirty-six hours.

jjj s-a shab-duzd, A night-robber, a
burglar.

a £A~a» shibda', shibdi', Misfortune, cala-
mity ; the tongue ; a scorpion,

yjLjj. shab-dez, (night-colour) A horse of
a dark rusty colour; a noble, generous
steed ; name of a famous horse that be-
longed to Khusrau ; name of a modulation
in music ; — shabdezi nuqra-khing, Heaven ;
night; day; time; fortune; the world.

oSijljA shab-deg, (night-pot) A dish com-
posed of meat and turnips dressed all night
on the fire.

a J** shabaz, Name of a village near Abi-
ward (see j jjj^).

j<M> shabzar, shabzir, A name of God.

Aj**> shabr (v.n.), Measuring with the
span ; — shibr, The space between the tip of
the thumb and that of the little finger ; a
span ; [qaslru'sltshibr, Short of stature j]
— shabbar, Name of a son of Aron, by which
Muhammad is said to have called his grand-
son Hasan (see ««■*> and j*- 4 -*).

jt*> sliaba.r,A. name; — shibr (for A, shimr),
Name of Husain's slayer.

yVij-A shaburghdn, The ancient name of
the city of Balkh.

shibram, Spurge, sea-lettuce, tythi-

mallus.

a />pA shubrum, Short ; covetous, avari-
cious.

shab-rang, Obscure, black, clothed
in sable ; a dark bay or iron-grey horse ;
name of the horse of Siyawush ; name of
a flower ; a species of stone which burns
like coal.

shab-rav, One who travels in the
night ; a robber ; a night-watch ; a holy
man ; — asbi shab-rav, A swift horse, going
well in the night.

^ s-Ai shab-rawi, A travelling in the
night.

shabrid, A bed made of ropes or
straps and used in a ship, a hammock.

_jW sjjj v,-a shal-zinda-ddr, Vigilant
during night ; keeping, or who keeps the
night alive.

soij s-**> shab-tiinda-dArl, A keeping
of vigils.

shibisi, A monster ; terror- striking,
obi — fit shabistdn, A bed ; a bed-chamber,
dormitory; a king's bed-chamber ; a closet
where one says nightly prayers ; the circuit
of the Ka'bah (as a place where prayers are
said).

jjji ; A shabistdn-furoz, Lighting up,

illuminating, adorning the bed-chamber.

t ^^*)A shabistdni, Night-clothes.

a — 1&, shab-mda, The Epiphany ; a bat.

v£-~s>*a shibisht, = ^ — q.v.

a (jo** shabas, Roughness ; entanglement
of thorns or branches on a tree.

tlfkfA ghabitjbat, Shepherds- staff (a herb).

a 5*a» shah', Fulness, satiety ; — shib',
Enough to satisfy for once ; — Bhib', shib'a,
Satiety ; approaching to satiety.

a shab'dn. Full, satiate.

a h**> shab-'abd, A dark night,

A shub'at, Enough to satisfy for

shabg&a, shabghdr, 8jU~6. shah-

ghdra, j^A-A shabghaz, JjU^fc shabg&dza, j^***
shabgjiav, A night-fold for cattle.

a s-j^ s-**» shab-gJmrlb, Cakes and sweets
distributed at a grave on the night after
interment.

A shabaq (v.n.), Burning with lust;
lust ; — shabiq, Libidinous, lewd.

a udfA shabk (v.n.), Mixing ; inserting,
infixing ; — shabak. Teeth of a comb; (pi. of
shabakat) nets.

ueM- shibk, A whirl on a spindle.
a shabakat, ehabaka, A fishing net ;
net of a hunter ; a lattice ; trel!is-work ; a
balustrade (m.c.) ; a plexus (anat.) ; — sha-
baka'i riya, Pulmonary plexus ; — shabaka'i
'ajz, Sacral plexus ; — shabaka'i 'asdb, Plexus
of nerves ; — shabaka'i 'azud, Brachial
plexus; — shabaka'i 'unuq, Cervical plexus ;
— shabaka'i qatan, Lumbar plexus (see

s!K~»i shab-kulah, A night-cap ; a black
cap.

yi-A shab-kun, Undertaking a nocturnal
expedition, making an assault in the night;
the cricket ; morning, dawn ; — shab-kun
zadan, To travel in the night.

Ja£~6. shabkand, A bird's nest.

j^a, shab-kur, Purblind at night.

^jjijA shab-kun, Purblindness at night.

ksiyC-k shab-kuk, ^S-a shab-kukd,
shab-kuka, A species of mendicity, in which
the mendicant at night-time takes up his
post on the summit of a tree or a hillock,
and from thence calls out to each individual
in the village by name to come and ad-
minister to his relief.

<^Ufc ( 732 ) ^a.

a shabakiya, Retina.

s^SlfA shab-guh, A night-place for sheep ;
night-time.

j&it, shabgar, Insects, reptiles ; according
to others, a flea (probably misreading for
>^t* q.v.).

j^.a> shah-gar d, The night-patrol, a watch-
man ; a thief, a robber ; the moon.

ts^i* shab-gardi, A watching at night.
shah-ga«, (night- biter) A flea ; (in
Khurasan) a bug (Argas Persicus).

jZ-f* shab-go (gu), Chief of the night
patrol ; a singer.

tfjfc-A shab-gun, The colour of night, i.e.
black ; a dark night ; a carbuncle, gem ; —
shab-quni 'aydr, The sky ; — shabi shab-gun,
A very dark night.

^jj^jS-fA shabguniian, (in Zand) To leave.

fJLi, shab-gir, One who passes a sleepless
night ; a cricket, a nightingale, or any
animal which sings at night ; a certain bird
that sings plaintively at daybreak ; travel-
ling after midnight and before sunrise ; a
servant who works or travels in the night-
time ; the morning ; attacking by night ;
a nocturnal assault ; — shah-gvr bar-hmhidan.
(aadan, hardan), To travel after midnight
and before sunrise.

0 _>s£i-*> shah-girl, Sleeplessness, insomnia.

a J~a> shibl, The whelp of a lion when
able to hunt, or other beast of prey.

t)^s>^f*> ahablanidttn, To make adhere,
unite,

h 4l~& nhabla, A short spear, a javelin.

a shabm (v.n.), Putting the stick
shibam or shibamm into (a kid's) mouth,
gagging (him) ; — shibm, Anything cold; —
shdbam (v.n.), Beiug cold, coldness ; — shi-
bamm, = />W*> q.v.

a^iU shab-manda, Yesterday's (vic-
tuals), stale (bread).

ghab-nishtn, An evening party

(m.c).

udi-~/>> skabnak, Name of a boy's game.

(*>~rt» shab-nam, (night-moisture) Dew ;
(construed with the verbs bar-khdstan,
chahldan, zadan, and nishastan) ■ a very fine
species of muslin ; — shab-nami girya
(mmha), Tears ; — shab-nami goskwara, A
pendant of pearls, a pearl worn as ear-ring.

a c^a« i*^" shabnam-sifat, Like dew.

ekab-noy = q.v. of which

it is probably a misreading.

&4(i*& shabniha, Treasure buried under-
ground.

yW^V^j shah-nay asuddn, (those who
rest not at night) Lovers ; thieves.

a s J ^+ i > shabiib, Anything fresh and
vigorous ; whatever is used in lighting a
fire ; one who does a thing well ; a horse
lifting both feet (in curvetting) ; — shubtib
(v.n. of <4^&), Kindling (a flame or war) ;
burring hot (a battle, &c).

•aAjjsA shabubak, The hoopoo.

a shabubiyat, Youth, youthfulneas.

a ;j**> shabwr, shabbur, A sort of musical
instrument ; a brazen trumpet.

a shabUt, shabbut, thwbbut, A kind of
shad-fish.

<sij<A shubuqa, The elder-tree.

a J^* shubul (v.n. of J**), Growing;
being delicately brought up ; (pi. of ehibl)
whelps of lions or other beasts.

<3f>*> shahboy =s ^ q.v.

a "M" shibh, shibah, Like ; brass ; [shibhi
'amd, Manslaughter ;] — shabah. Likeness,
similitude, resemblance ; image ; a similar
thing ; a match ; analogue ; brazen ; [kfiti
shabah, A copper vessel ;] — shubah (pi. of
shubhat), Doubts ; intricacies, obscure
points.

<M» shaba, A kind of soft black stone, a
sort of coal ; agate, jet, black coral, black
shells, or glass beads ; a tree resembling
the myrtle ; (for shah) night.

a shubhat, shubha, Doubt, scruple,
ambiguity, suspicion ; an obscure or doubt-
ful point, intricacy ; a flaw (in law) ; pre-
sumption (of guilt) ; resemblance, simili-
tude shubha xa'il kardan, To remove all
doubt; — shubha'i shadid, A strong pre-
sumption;- — shubha'i qatl, Homicide; —
daf'i shubha kardan, To remove all doubt.

&)\js- <M> shaba-khdya, With testicles like
the stone shaba (a stallion).

pet** shabhar, The beak of the chargh (a
sort of hawk).

jHti& shabham, A porcupine.

^iSU^f* ehab-hangdm, Night-time ; at
night ; morning.

a ^>V«<. <ua shibh-tnu'dyan, A rhomboid;
a parallelogram.

i _ J *6> shake, A certain night ; — shabi,
Nightly, belonging to the night ; a night-
shirt.

jV«* shab-ydr, A soporific electuary, a
night-potion (a night-friend) ; aloes.

SjL^a. shab-ydra, New wine, must.

fcj^i s-*> shab-ydza, A bat.

a shabibat, shabibiyat, Youth,

youthfulness.

tm3 Mr?& shabibi, A narcotic root ; the in-
ebriating hemp-seed also bears this name.

<:)}Ss«-4> shabi-khfin, A night-attack, sur-
prize ; — shabl-khun khysurdan, To meet with
a night-attaek (see also cya***).

shabldan, To turn aside, sit down
in a place, perch (as a bird) ; to rest any-
where at night; to hang anything to the
head, or to tie round the loins.

p.?*. shabvr, Name of a son of Aron, by
which Muhammad is said to have called
his grandson Husain (see A. and

a shabi 1 , Many ; hairy (rope) ; — eha-
Wu 'l-g&azl, (Cloth) of thick texture; —
shabi'u 'l-'aql, Of mature intellect.

a <s£a-fA shabika, A net, gin, snare ; full of
holes.

l*«A shabim, Kunning away, flight.

shabina, Nocturnal ; stale ; of last
night ; a bat ; grapes ; turpentine.

a i^t, shabih, Alike, equal, like, re-
sembling ; a picture, figure, representation
(m.c.) ; an imitation ; a model ; — shabih bi
'l-haqq t Probable ; — shabih bi 'l-mu'aiyan
{ha-mu'aiyan), A rhomboid.

shap, Jumping ; quick ; brilliant.

k-iUiLi shapdshap, The whizz of an arrow,
or of spears.

«*k*A shiptak, A slap with a shoe, a kick.

j?a shapar, ghappar, Good, excellent ; =

8 ;s* ghapara, ^^*» shaprak, A bat.

\j~5*> ghipish, shupush, A louse ; — shipishi
xahar, Crab-louse.

y*A ^> shap ghap, Agitated, disturbed ;
quick, hasty ; undignified ; the whizz of an
arrow ; the branch of a tree.

lyA^-A shapshdp, = «_AaLa q.v.

>*)*2y*> shipishak, Pedicular disease, pedi-
culation (med.).

s - 1 ^ shipieha, A moth ; a weevil.

ifrstyb shipishm, ghupushln, Lousy.

J7A ghipl, Degree, rank, dignity ; the
noise made by a bird's wing when flying ;
a loud noise ; the part of a camel's foot
which touches the ground ; camels -foot (a
herb).

t SK*> shaplaq, A slap, a box on the ear.

y-VSk^A shaplanldan. To cause to adhere.

is-JLAi shiplat, utU-A thiplak, Rank, dig-
nity ; a loud noise ; the noise made by a
bird's wing when flying (see J$a).

y^jl^A shaplidan, shiplidan, To be foolish ;
to act like a madman; to press, squeeze,
Bmooth with the hand j — shiplldan, To chirp,
whistle.

yj-jj^A. ghipnidan, To whistle to a horse
when drinking.

tH^jyA shipoJcktan, To give a violent
shock ; to sprinkle.

shapur, A shad -fish.

jj$A shappnz, fa* shappuzh, A bat.

i>j?> ghap-posh, A cap, a night-cap ; a
fillet worn under the head-dress ; night-
clothes ; a quilt, a counterpane.

<ua shapa'i tir, The whizz of an arrow.

tHJi*^ ghipeTchtan, To sprinkle, scatter.

y*-J* shapir, Name of a high mountain.

sy shappir, dim. of j»a q.v.

J*~*» shapel, Camels-foot (a herb) ; — shipel.
Pressure, squeeze ; a chirp, whistle ; dis-
tress of mind, madness.

(j- v J L ^a. ghipelidan, To squeeze ; to play
the madman ; to chirp, whistle.

ts-* shat, Money given to bystanders at
the end of a game ; presence, worship, ma-
jesty.

a ts-A shatt (v.n.), Being separate, dis-
tinct, scattered; dispersion; separate, dis-
tinct, scattered.

733 ) you

^ shita, One who eats nothing the wh<
day ; (for shitah) making haste ; haste.

A c *-*a shita', shita (v.n. 3 of Agreei
(with one) for the winter ; winter ; [sh
dati shita, Severity of winter; — fi qalbi'i
shita, In mid-winter; — waqti shita, In wi
ter-time ;] — shatta, = shatta q.v.

shitdb, Haste, speed, expeditic
quickness; quick, speedy; quickly; (in com]
hastening, as ahu-shitdb, Hastening like
stag ; — shitdb anddkhtan (tiwardan, dashtc
hardan, giriftan), To make haste, to hun
to run ; — tyi-shitdb, Slow, patient.

shitab-dlud, Hasty, precipitati
y^UA shitdbdn, Anyone making gve
haste ; hastily ; — shitdbdn rawan shudc
To hurry on with great expedition.

y^^tsa, shitabdnidan, To hasten, urge.
v>Ua shitdb-bdrdn, Wind and rain,
s_.Ua ghitdb-bdz, Hasty, expeditious.
i^jji- <_jUa shitdb-kh-wurda. Hasty, pi
eipitate.

^iWjo v Ui shitdb- dawldagi, Fast ru
ning.

sj^a shitdb-rav, Swift- going, fleet.
,_y?jj i_>Ua shitdb-sadagl, Haste, preci]
tancy, over-hastiness.

bji v»^a shitdb-zada, Hasty, precipitate,
jli sjUa shitnb'hdr, One who mak
haste ; expeditious, despatchful, diligen
precipitate.

ijjM sj^a shitdb-kdri, Haste, despatch.
i_/-^)^a shitdbandagl , Haste.
sj^La shitabanda, Making haste, swift.
^Isa shitabi, Haste, speed ; quick, ha
tily ; — shitdbl hardan, To make haste.
yAjUA ghitdbidan, To make haste.

a i^jUa shatdt (v.n. of ^*), Being di
persed, separate, scattered, &c. (= <j^a q.v.

£Ua shitdgA, Any animal which givi
milk ; a herd.

(^Ua shit df tan, To make haste.
<^Ua shitdfta, One who hastens; a
onset.

^Ua shatdh, Shoots springing from tl
root.

<«£i11sa shitdlang, The ankle-hone ; tl
heel ; a die (for gambling) ; sole of tl
foot; that part of the axletree which ente:
into the nave ; the silken string of a music
instrument ; a large clew of silk.

qUa shutdn, (in Zand and Pazam
Years.

A y^A shattdn (a particle having tl
force of a verb), They are different, there
a difference between them.

jsLxa shitah (perhaps misreading f<
shinCih), A swimmer; — shatt ah (for 1
cUia), Meretricious, lewd, obscene.

yA shatr, A side, corner; — shatar, A bird
beak ; — shutur, A camel ; — shuturi b't-mahd
Incorrigible, refractory ; — shuturi hamz<
(met.) Swift, fast-running ; — shuturi di

( 734 )

hohdn, A dromedary ; — shutwri suwav, A.
light camel to carry expresses ; — bar shuitir
niehaatan, To be divulged.

Ay* ahatr (v.n.), Cutting; a section;
name of a man ; — shaiar (v.n.), Being cut
or broken off ; an inversion or relaxation of
the eyelid; name of a fortress between
Barda' and Ganja ; a change in the metre

Hazaj from mafd'llun ) into

fd'ilun ( — ^ — ).

h ;** shatr (S. iatrvi), An enemy.

V/X* ahatarb, A tiger.

^ yA. ahulur-bdd (J^ bal), A dromedary.
ehutur-bdr, A camel's load.
shntur-bdlUgh, Camels' dung.

^ycA ehuturban, A camel-driver or
owner.

^^as^yA shutw-bukhtl, A dromedary.

taJjlt fi> shutur-buluk, Camel's dung.

ehatraba (mis-spelt for shanzaba),
Name of the ox that was instigated by the
jackal Dimna to fight the lion, and perished
in the contest.

liyi* shutv.r-pa (<J^ptiy), Camels-foot (a
herb); turnsole, the sunflower ; origany.

joU. jx& shutur-jadu, The figure of a camel
whose partB are formed by other animals.

a y> shutur-frujra, fmet.) Anything
impossible to be done; an absurdity; —
liarf-ash shutur-hujra ast, He talks nonsense
(see iijS y^) .

ft* ahntnr-khdr, A thistle of which
camels are fond.

rjiA ihutur-Vko, Camel-tempered, spite-

j\<i shutur-ddr, (holding camels) A
caravan (m.c).

Jo jsa- ahutur-dil, Camel-hearted ; vindic-
tive, spiteful ; timid, cowardly.

j j, yu. shutur-dill, Cowardice, timidity.

(^\HJ> y*> ahuiur-dandun, Copperas, vitriol.

(jjj ahutur-zan, (camel-striker) A large
kind of spider.

jjAj jnu shutur-zahra, Like a camel in
courage, i.e. timid, cowardly.

s~>-> y*» shutur-sumb, A worm which de-
stroys trees.

f/± ahutwr-suwdr, Mounted on a

camel.

iS^f j**> shutiir-suwari, (lit. riding on a
camel) Dispensing with keeping fast-days
(as travellers are allowed to do).

j\t j&b. ghutur-f/kae, A certain plant whose
root is used in pickles ; root of assafcetida.

ghutur-ghan, Sole of a camel's
foot; butter-burr.

a js~> ahutur-ghalat, Name of a wrestling
trick.

a yu» shutur-jfAamza, Wickedness,
deceit.

a J!ai jtt, ahuiwr-qitar, A string of camels.

«slya» shuturak, A small camel ; a wave ; a
man who puts himself into the shape of a
camel.

U«» <2J^s*. shntuvah-baiza, A thorn of which
camels are fond.

8jS f** shuhir-kurra, A camel's colt; a
wave.

\j£ ehutur-kush, A camel-butcher.

i^y* shwtur-Mna, Bearing malice (for
which the camel is remarkable) ; a hypo-
crite.

^t, ghviur-gdm, A camel-step.

} \f jSA shutur-gdv, oJoJj ^£ jX*> shutur-gdv-
■jpalang, A cameleopard, a giraffe ; name of
one of the men at chess.

r 6 * skutur-gurba, Cam el-cat, i.e. any
two things which are very disproportionate,
incongruous, and which have no relation to
each other ; — sukhun-ash shittw-gwrba ast,
He talks rubbish.

l\sS J**, shtitur-giydh, A herb eaten by
camels.

s^U jx& shutur-mdda, A she-camel.
ahviwt-mur ah, . The ostrich.
fib shutur-mur, A sort of ant as big
as a goat or a small calf, and said to be
native of a forest in the west (literally,
camel-ant).

JU jza shutur-ndl, A gun carried and fired
on a camel's back ; a camel-swivel.

iuU j)a shiriwr-nama, Title of a work by
Faridu 'd-din 'Attar.

a s^r 4 - shatranj, Chess ; a sort of carpet ;
a dish composed of sundry kinds of vege-
tables.

ii£if*> shatr ang (8. chatur-anga,, The four
members of an army, viz. elephants, horse,
chariots, and infantry), Chess; a plant
called mardum-giy&h, from China.
jXA, shutnr-wdr, A camel-load.

sya. shatra, An everted condition of the
eyelid, so that it does not quite cover the
eye, ectropion (med.).

^5ji*> shuturl, A kind of kettle-drum;
camel-coloured.

a shata' (v.n.), Being impatient under
sickness or hunger.

shitaft, shitift, Height ; covering of
any kind, especially the roof of a house ;
furniture.

JSja. shatkdr, shitkdr, shutkdr, Ploughing.
^y* shatal, Money given to bystanders
after a game is over.

shutulum, Wanton, uncalled for
severity, oppression ; a quarrel.

a i** 3 * shatm (v.n.), Treating contume-
liously, vilifying; contumely, abuse; up-
braiding, reproach.

0+x>> ahatmin, (in Zand) The backside.
a shatn (v.n.), Weaving ; texture.
shatan, (in Zand and Piizand) A

city.

A shuttut (pi. of shait), (Things)

separated, scattered, dispersed.

a f>f* ahutum (pi. of shatm), Abuses, re-
proaches, &c.

shata, Weak, sick; — shata, shitta, A

o 2 * (

grape ; food left at night and eaten in the
morning.

(jS* shall, A large salver of gold, silver,
or brass,

A JjS* ahatta, Distinct, divided ; various,
different ; scattered ; — qaumi shattd, A. mis-
cellaneous crowd; — aihyd'i shattd, Diverse
things.

a us-#a* shatlt (v.n. of o^*.), Scattering,
dispersing ; separate, distinct ; (teeth)
widely set.

a (»e*fc shatim, Reproached, reviled,
curBed ; deformed, hideous, grim ; a fierce
lion.

a > >-a shatimat, Contumely, reproach,
outrage.
th>**« ehaiin, A rope.

W* 4 ' shatlnd, (in Zand and Pazand),
Laughing.

a v4~a shass, A bee ; a fragrant and bitter
herb used for tanning ; a breach in a moun-
tain-peak resembling a battlement.

a shasn, Rough and thick (the fin-
gers) ; — shasan (v.n.), Being rough and
coarse (hand).

rshaj, Hard, white, and unproductive

a g*> shajj (v.n.), Breaking (the head) ;
a wound or personal injury short of de-
stroying life ; ploughing the sea (a ship) ;
crossing (a desert).

a v^A shijab, A three-footed piece of
wood on which they hang clothes, a clothes-
horse ; a cork, a stopper.

a glj** shijdj (pi. of shajjat), Wounds,
fractures on the head ; flesh-wounds ; [shi-
jdji bi-Hldj, Incurable wounds;] — ekujaj,
The Bound produced by a crow, ostrich,
camel, &c.

A ghijdr (v.n. 3 of Resisting,
opposing, controverting ; the woodwork of
a bed or sofa ; the cross-beam over a well ;
a bit of wood put into a kid's mouth to
prevent his sucking; a burnt mark on a
camel ; name of a place.

\>V* shaj&ra, (in Zand and Pazand) A
tree.

a gV 1 shajd', 'shija', skujd', Intrepid,
warlike, magnanimous ; daring ; — shija. (pi.
of skajV) , Brave men ; — shija', shujd', A
species of serpent ; a male serpent ; a small
snake.

A £e\^i» tikajd'at (v.n. of £**), Being
bold, courageous, magnanimous ; intrepid-
ity, valour, fortitude ; — zu shajiX'at, War-
like.

a Ltjs^ji shaja'at-ehi'dr, Intrepid.
a |_s»l^* shajd'ati, Bravery, valour, bold-
ness.

(J^a ekajdin, shijdm, A nipping cold.

shajdnidan, To expose to cold, to

chill.

sju^Ai shajdmda, Affected or altered by
cold.

735 )

A>W* shaj dyad (3rd sing. aor. oishajudan
or shajidan), It freezes.

a s~*a shajb (v.n.), Giving a death's
wound ; destroying ; perishing ; grieving ;
employing, occupying ; want, necessity ;
grief, care, solicitude ; a column ; a leathern
bottle cut in two, of which one half serves
as a bucket ; a dried bottle with pebbles in
it, by the rattliDg noise of which camels are
called or driven ; name of the father of a
tribe ; — shajab, Grief ; pain, either from
sickness or battle ; three sticks on which a
shepherd hangs his implements.

A shajjat, shajja., A contusion or frac-
ture on the skull.

•i** shajad, Intense cold.

a shujr (v.n.), Averting, diverting,
turning from ; preventing, hindering, put-
ting to a distance ; propping a house or
tree; opening the mouth; jerking the bridle
to make an animal open its mouth ; piercing
with a spear; hanging clothes, Ac. over the
wooden horse called shijdr or mishjar ; a con-
troversy arising between people ; any intri-
cate or disputed business ;skajar, A tree,
i.e. a plant rising on a stem and supporting
itself ; — shajaru 'l-baaa, The common elm-
tree ; — shajaru 'l-haydt, Arbor vit» of the
cerebellum (med.) ; — shajari biJcdrat, Myrtle-
formed caruncles (med.).

a E^Si shajarat, shajara, One tree ; a ge-
nealogical tree ; a map in which fields are
marked out ; — shajara'i ibrdhim, Cinque-
foil ; Egyptian thorn ; — shajaratu 'l-hukm.
The tree of judgment (a fabulous tree said
to give unerring decisions on knotty points
of dispute) ; — shajarutu 's-zaqqftm, The in-
fernal tree, whose fruit is devil's heads ; —
shajara'i ansdb, A genealogical tree ; — sha-
jara'i rustam, Long birth- wort ; — shajara'i
sulaimdn, The wild apple ; name of a plant
which shines at night; also of several other
plants ; — shajara'i maryavi, Sowbread ; —
shajara'i mtisa, Moses' bush, i.e. The bram-
ble ; — ash- shajaratu 't-taiyiba, The palm ; —
ash-shajaratu 'l-mal'una,, The infernal tree
Zaqqutn.

yV^-j^A shajaristdn, A place set with
trees.

j^it shajar~ndma, A list of saints or
holy predecessors, given to disciples (in the
manner of a genealogical tree) ; a genea-
logical tree.

a shaj', shaja' (v.n.), Excelling in
intrepidity or activity ; swiftness of foot in
a camel, &c. ; penetrating energy ; boldness,
valour, bravery, intrepidity ; — shaj i', Nimble,
swift ; brave, warlike ; — shuju', Roots of a
tree ; wooden bridles used in the age of
ignorance.

A shuj'dn, shij'dn (pi. of shaji'),

Brave, warlike (men) ; poisonous serpents.

a shaj'at, shij'at, shaja'at (pi. of

JW 4 ), Bold, intrepid (men).

( 736 )

^W*> thaflm, Intense cold.

a ehajn (v.n.), Detaining anyone

(necessary business) ; making sad ; a road
(especially through a valley or on the
height along the valley) ; a branch ; —
shajan (v.n.), Being sad, sorrowful ; a ne-
cessary thing, a want ; intricate (branches) ;
ramifications.

<^a shajan. Intense cold.

a shajnat, shijnai, shujnat, shajna,

&c, Ramification j entangled roots of trees ;
name of a man ; [shijna'i rahim, Connection
by alliance or close relationship ;] — shijnat,
A ripe bunch of grapes ; a fissure in a
mountain.

a. y**> sliajw (v.n,), Tailing out, quarrel-
ling ; making sad; rendering joyous ; afflic-
tion, anguish ; want, need, anything neces-
sary.

a s j )**' ehajub, (A woman) overwhelmed
with care, and well-nigh broken-hearted ; —
shiijub (v.n.), Perishing; (pi. of shajb) pil-
lars or props of a house.

yjjq^ shajudan, shwjldan, To be

very cold, to freeze.

a ^jtA shaft, Anxious, vexed, sorrowful.

A ty*^ shujun (pi. of shajn), Branches ;
— zti shujun, Ramified, branched out ; in-
tricate ; allowing of various explanations
(as a tradition).

a shaftj, Whose skull is fractured ;
a split peg or post.

a j*** shajtr, Abounding in trees, woody ;
foreign (man or camel) ; an arrow not from
the same tree as the others ; another's arrow
got mixed with a person's own arrows.

a shaft', Bold, brave, intrepid.

csl^A shachuk, Hiccough ; a preparation
of fresh milk, sour milk, and anise.

a shahh (v.n.), Beiug avaricious; —
ehuhh, shahh, shikk, Avarice, greed.

A -JUa shahkdz, A sturdy beggar ; a
grinder.

A S^W* shih&sat, Beggary, mendicity.

A f<\tu* shahhdm, A vendor of fat or lard.

a &-U»a shahdmai (v.n. of p***), Being
fat; having much fat or laid.

a j^i, ghahz (v.n.), Grinding, whetting
(a knife) ; gnawing the stomach (hunger) ;
driving away ; urging on violently ; eyeing
malignantly ; wrath ; begging with impor-
tunity.

a j«a shahr (v.n.), Opening the mouth ;
— shahr, shihr, The Arabian coast from
Oman to Aden.

a j)/»>* shuhrur, A kind of singing bird ;
according to others the mountain partridge.

a shahs, A certain tree resembling

the wild olive, and, when very dry, used for
making bows.

a t^iapfc shahshah, An extensive desert ;
assiduously attentive to anything ; jealous ;
a virago.

a {~4e*> skafohah, An extensive desert ;

assiduously attentive ; perverse, evil-dis-
posed ; an eloquent speaker or preacher;
bold, intrepid ; jealous.

a shahs, shahas, A sheep which

yields no milk ; or one fat and barren,
which has never been blissoined.

a lass* shakt, Dung of birds ; being far,
distant, absent.

a j*at»» shahm (v.n.), Giving fat to eat;
fat, grease, lard, suet ; pith, pulp ; [shahmi
hanzal, The pulp of the colocynth ;] — sha-
ham (v.n.), Eating fat, &c. ; being fond of
fat ; — shahim, Fond of fat, &c. ; a juiceless
grape.

a shahmat, A bit of fat ; — shahmatu
'l-uzn, The lobe or soft part of the ear ; —
shahmatu 'l-arz, The white mushroom ; —
shahmatu 'l-'ain, The white of the eye.

a sshahn (v.n.), Filling (a vessel or
a town with armed men), loading (a ship) ;
driving away ; prosecuting ; binding.

A »U*sA sahna'. Enmity, extreme hatred.

a shahna'i, Superintendence.

a shihnat, Enmity, hatred ; a body
or small troop of horse kept ready for a
warlike expedition ; troops enough to con-
trol a city, garrison ; daily allowance of
forage for cattle (see a ^a^).

a (j^ssA shahnagi, The police.

a A-y&i**! sftahnagiya, The office of a su-
perintendent.

a ijjsA shahna., A viceroy, vicegerent, re-
presentative, lieutenant ; head of the police ;
a prefect ; a mayor, provost ; an ambassa-
dor; a peon or servant of a tax-gatherer;
[shahna'i bazar, The overseer of a market ; —
shahna'i panjum hisar, The planet Mars; —
shahna'i chahdrum (chahdrum hitab, darydyi
'ishq, ghauahai qiydmat), Muhammad;
— shahna'i chahdrum, hisdr, The sun ;
Jesus; — shahna'i diwdti, Superintendent of
the dlwan ■ — shahna'i shah, A watchman; a
housebreaker ; a lover ; a prisoner ^shah-
na'i shab usahar, The night- patrol; Muham-
mad; — shahna'i najaf, The caliph Ali ;] —
shihna, The night-patrol ; — shahana, The
guards of a town.

a shahw (v.n.), Opening (the mouth) ;
being open ; stepping (a horse).

a shahwat, A step, a pace.

a s^** shuhilb, Ajjas* shuhubat (v.n. of
s-^a), Being changed in colour (the face,
from extreme hunger or from travel) ; ema-
ciation ; paring the ground with a spade.

a tjssA shnhfit (v.n. of i=*A), Being far,
distant, absent.

a ^frfcA shahth, Covetous, avaricious.

a ^~jeA shahim, Fat, greasy, suety ; fond
of fat, Ac.

^a shaift, Hard ground, especially on the
summit or at the skirt of a mountain ; any-
thing hard ; a mountain ; the nose of a
mountain, a promontory ; (for shd&&) a
branch ; a horn ; — shukh, Dirt, filth.

A shakhkh (v.n.), Snoring in sleep;
urine, stale.

WsA shakhd. The sinking of a needle or
thorn into the flesh ; scratching; a tearing
with the nails.

A vU^A shikhab. Milk whilst being drawn,
new milk.

a shakhkhdkh, One who makes water
frequently or abundantly.

t)\jisi* shakhddan, Scratching, wounding
with the nails.

jl<iA shakhdr, A she a of which soap or
lye for washing is made ; a lixivium used
by fullers or dyers ; sal ammoniac, vitriol,
copperas ; a brick ; a spot, mole ; the lungs ;
orage.

J^t* shakhal, A tearing with the nails.

yAjVatA shakhdlidan. To tear with the
nails ; to prick.

■"ViA shakhdna, A lixivium for dyeing,
as in_)l*A above; — shu&hdna, A meteor.

OAaiVafcA ghakhdnida,n, To cause to stare ; —
ehukjtdmdan, To cause one to tear with the
nails ; to cause to leap.

i^*A shakhdy (in comp.), Scratching,
tearing.

U>**kU> shakhdy tdan, To scratch, to "wound
with the nails ; to be pricked.

s>xjLtA shakhdyida, Wounded with the
nails ; scratched ; pricked.

a s-s*A ghakhb (v.n.), Milking; blood ; —
shulchb, The quantity of milk yielded by
one emulsion ; — shakhab, Name of a fortress.

*£^sA shakht. Litharge.

a iwii shakht (v.n.), Being thin, slender,
lean (man), but not emaciated ; — shakht,
shakjiat, Thin, slender.

a ja-A shakhr (v.n.), Braying, snivelling,
neighing, grunting, making a noise through
the nose or throat.

a jet*- shakhz (v.n.), Disquieting, throwing
into troubles ; undergoing hardships ; set-
ting people at variance, causing them to
quarrel, &c.

shakhrur. A black mulberry ; ashes
used by Meackers.

Ja^iA shakhriiz. A black mulberry.

a i_r«aiA shakhs (v.n.), Undergoing diffi-
culty and trouble ; agitation, commotion ;
discord, contrariety.

shakhsdr, Hard ground at the foot
of a mountain ; a place abounding in trees.

uAat* shakhsh, A slip, trip; anything old
and worn out ; imp . of shakhahidan ; —
shakjiieh, A slip, Blide, trip ; — shukhash,
Name of a small, but melodious bird.

jUssy, shakhshdr, Name of a bird whitish
about the head.

iiU^A shakhshdna, = AiU^U q.v.

yj^iLtaeA shakhshdnidan, To cause to
stumble.

shakh.sh.akh, Hard ground ; sum-
mit of a mountain ; a fuller's beetle,
yj-yicfe- ghakkshldan, To hurt the foot

737 )

against a stone; to trip, stumble, fall; to
be promoted.

a </>*A shakhs (v.n.), Being bulky and
corpulent ; being embodied ; a person, body,
individual ; any object appearing black in
the distance ; — shahfisi qdbiz, The person ia
possession ; — shakhsi nd-ddr, An insolvent
person ; — skakhsi wdhid, A single or un-
assisted person ; au individual.

a (j-Mfc* ghakjise, A certain one, some-
body ; — shakhsi, Personal.

a £**wsA shakhsiyab, Individuality, person-
ality, identity ; nobility; rank; humanity.

i-^ssA shakhkdsa. Hoar-frost; hail.

JafcA ghakhl, Sound, noise, complaint;
whistling; pecking (as a bird).

,J*sA shakhli, A thorn, thorny plant.

yJ-li* ghakhlidan, To whistle ; to inspire,
breathe ; to faint, wither, flag.

(*afc* shuk&m, Land ploughed and ready
for sowing ; — shu&hm mdan (kardan), To
plough, to till the ground.

a shajcham (v.n.), Stinking, being
spoiled (meat).

t^aiA ghakhan, A tearing, wounding ;
afflicted.

shakhamhdr. Name of a water-
bird of a dark colour, with a white head.

OjiiA shakhnud, = the following, of
which it is probably a misreading.

.jjaiA shakhud, Wounded with the nails ;
a scratch made by the nails.

yj^s, ghaMiudan, To vex ; to scratch
with the nails ; to scratch the face with the
nails ; to be scratched ; to spring upon, to
assail; to assemble, be collected; to be
narrow, to he in difficulty.

&>>j5k4. shakhuda. Scratched, wounded by
the nails or teeth.

<j^fiA> shakhudidam., — o^jaSA q.v.

a L ,cyatA sfiukhus (v.n. of i/*siA), Exalting,
raising oneself ; lifting the eyes ; appearing,
becoming visible ; remaining wide open
(the eyes); travelling from country to coun-
try ; being open and swelling (a wound) ;
passing over the mark (an arrow) ; ascending
(a star) ; being pronounced from the upper
part of the mouth ; being restless.

Jj*-*. shakhul. shi&hul, A whistling noise
made to induce a horse to drink ; a cry for
help, roar, lamentation ; feebleness, lan-
guor, extenuation of body.

yj^Sj^A shakhiildnidan (eaus. of the fol-
lowing), To make cry out, &c.

yj>fl]j»> ghakhulldan, shikhulidan. To cry
out, scold, groan, make a noise ; to thunder ;
to neigh ; to whistle ; to understand im-
perfectly, to take in a wrong light; to
scratch ; to pine away, grow pale, flag,
wither.

s-uJ^aiA shakhulida, Languid, dried,
withered.

a pjaiA xhukhum (v.n. of ^aSA), Becoming
rotten, putrid (food, &c).

jAA. ( 738 )

shaJchiimdan, To tear with the
nails, to scratch.

•i«jfcA shaichid, Presence ; worship.

t>*»st*' shakhidan, To slip, slide, fall
down ; to recover when stumbling ; to stare,
to fix the eyes sternly (lite an angry man
or bull) ; to grow pale, languid,

shakhida, Withered ; slipped, slid-
den ; one who recovers himself when stum-
bling.

a ^si* ehakhir (v.n. of jsfc*>), Making a
sound through the throat or nose, snivel-
ling (an ass) ; neighing (a horse) ; — shikh-
kjiir, One who makes a loud or frequent
noise in the throat or nose.

SjoaJA shakhira, Ashes of which soap is
made.

u~*as»» shakhish. Name of a melodious bird.

a (joeaiAsAaMw, Corpulent, large-bodied ;
lord, master, chief.

J-afc* sliakhil> A whistling noise made to
induce a horse to drink ; a cry for help.

yjuleiA ehakhilidan, To whistle ; to coax
a horse to drink ; to wither, become pale.

Afc shud (from shudan), It was, or be-
came ; he departed, went ; he perished,
ceased, died ; — amad-uslmi Jcardan, To
come and go ; to frequent.

a shadd, in P. also shad (v.n.), Run-
ning ; ascending (the sun) ; strengthening,
confirming, corroborating ; doubling a let-
ter, spelling it with tashdld ; intensifying,
emphasizing, pitching of the voice ; — shaddi
pahluwdn, A shout made by wrestlers before
setting to ; — shadd kardan, To raise, to ele-
vate ; — shaddi mukhdlif. A discordant sound ;
a loud cry uttered by wrestlers ; — shadd u
madd, Emphasis, stress, force ; severity ; —
ba~8hadd-u-madd raftan, To walk leisurely
and proudly.

a shiddd (pi. of sMdid), Severe ; vio-
lent, vehement ; (v.n. 3 of 5a) severity,
violence ; — shadddd, Name of an impious
king, founder of the gardens of Irani ; a
tyrant, an oppressor.

a*> shud-dmad, A going and coming ;
custom, usage.

a -tfS-** shadaid (pi, of shadtdat), Adver-
sities, troubles, tribulations, disagreeable
events ; difficulties, hardships.

aa shud-biid, So so, middling, indif-
ferently.

a 8.*a> shaddat, One assault, attack, or
charge ; — shiddai, Adversity, affliction, diffi-
culty, hardship ; severity (of season, &c.) ;
violence (as of thirst) ; — az shiddati pari-
shdni, From, by reason of, in, a violent
temper (m.c.).

a t"** shadh (v.n.), Being fat; having
liberty, facility, or opportunity.

A shadkh (^.n.), Breaking anything;
(declining) inclining ; extending, being wide
or broad ; being long ; blaze on a horse's
face ; — shadakh, An abortion,

a jt-j ■xt. shadd-raghti, Name of a musical
instrument.

shadaf, A drum.

a jja shadq, shidq, The environs of the
mouth, the corner of the mouth inside the
cheek ; breadth ; the side of a valley, brick
of a river ; — shadaq, Wideness about the
corners of the mouth.

jlS^Si shudkdr, Ground prepared for sow-
ing; ploughing; a person whose business
it is to examine the state of the harvest ;
survey ; — gawi shudkdr, A ploughing-ox.

shad kun (shadd kuu), Raise, ele-
vate (imp. of shad kardan) .

(j"-*^ shadkis, The rainbow.

yVjAii shudagdn (pi. of shuda), Those who
have departed ; men of former days.

^•m> shudagi, A going, a departure.

a shadn, A tree whose flower re-
sembles the jasmine ; — shadan, Name of a
place in Taman.

shudan, To be ; to become ; to be
lost or elapsed ; to be doing ; to go, depart,
emigrate, pass; to transfer, transport; to
remove, deface, erase ; — az ham shudan, To
separate (intr.), to split, to open ; — andar
shudan, To enter; — baz shudan, To return;
to open (n.), to be open ; — ba-dast shudan,
To be at hand ; to come to hand ; — bir-Hn
shudan, To go out ; — chih shud, What has
happened? (m.c); — dar-ba-dar shudan, To
become a wanderer (m.c.) ; — dar shudan,
To enter; — rafta shuda bashad, He must
have gone away (m.c); — fardz shudan, To
come near, to approach ; — firo shudan, To
descend ; to come down in the world ; to
die ; — kam shudan, To lessen, to diminish; —
na-mishawad, Is it not possible ? (m.c.) ; —
ham-chu shuda ast, It has come to pass that
(m.c.) ; — ham ml-shud sdkht, Was it pos-
sible to do it ? (m.c.)

s\&jiA. shudan-gdh, A place where any-
thing is or happens.

^jti shudani, Possible, practicable;—
shudani shud, Anything proper to be
done.

a shadw (v.n.), Urging, pressing,
driving (camels) ; repeating verses in a
loud and sonorous voice ; acquire a cer-
tain amount of good education or manners ;
pursuing an aim ; making two things equal
or comparing them.

a* 2 shadd-u-madd, Emphasis, &c, (see
under A.

a ehudun (v.n. of o-»*), Growing

strong, becoming independent of the dam
(ju, colt or fawn).

a shadh (v.n.), Breaking or wounding
the head ; amazing, astonishing, stupefy-
ing ; — shudh, shadah, Stupor, amazement.

«Ji4« shada, A bird's bill ; — shuda, Been,
become ; lost ; escaped ; gone by ; when
added to another word, it forms a passive
participle, as khtvdb shuda " gone to sleep,"

( 739 )

biddr shuda "become awake," zada shuda
"stricken," kofta, shuda " bruised."

.uj saa> shiida-band, Writer of facts, his-
torian.

j\j>ja shudydr, Ground tilled and sown ;
ploughing,

a& shud-ydrdn (pi. of the preceding),
Tilled grounds.

QiijuAt. shudydrldmi, To drive a plough ;
to plough ; to make ready for sowing.

a shadid, fern, sjoa* shadidat, shadida,
Strong, vehement, violent, intense; vigo-
rous ; difficult, arduous ; heavy ; grave ;
heinouB ; — shadidit 'l-'adawat, Violent in
enmity; — shadTdu 'l-'iqdb, Severe in punish-
ment (God) ; — shadida, Adversity, distress,
hard fortune ; — al-hurujn 'sh-shadida, The
strong letters, i.e. those comprised in the
technical words

a shazz (v.n.) ( Being solitary, sepa-
rated, remaining alone ; being singular,
rare, exceptional.

a shazd, An injury, harm, annoyance ;
pungency of smell ; name of a tree from
which toothpicks are made.

a v** shazb (v.n.), Prohibiting, averting;
pruning, lopping; unbarkiug ; peeling; —
shazab, Loppings or bark of trees ; house-
hold furniture.

a )Sa shazr, Particles of gold from the mine,
unrefined by fire ; small pearls or beads.

a jA* shazara mazara, Dispersed, scat-
tered, cast here and there.

a S;^~ shazra, A single pearl or bead ; one
particle of gold.

shuzkar, Ground tilled and sown.
a shazvj, Musk ; also the smell or
colour of it.

a o_j-Mi shuzuz (v.n. of ■**•), Remaining
alone, apart, and separate from the rest ;
being separate, scattered.

Ajj-i* ehitzur, (pi. of shazrat), Particles
of gold.

iia. sham (for shadd), A bird's beak.

j^-i* shazydr, = jV^ja q.v.

shar, A city (see and j** 1 ) ; — shir,
The sun ; — shur, A shoe.

A.y» sharr (v.n.), Being -wicked, malig-
nant, malevolent, perverse; the evil one,
the devil ; an idol ; poverty ; exposing to
the sun or air to dry (clothes, meat, Ac.) ;
— sharr, shurr, Wickedness, depravity ;
[sharru 'n-nds, The most malignant of
men ; — sharr ufasdd, Wickedness and mis-
chief ; — khair u sharr, Good and evil ;] —
ehwrr, Vice, turpitude, villainy ; blame,
censure,

a "\^> shard', A side, quarter, district ; —
shird' (v.n. 3 of ^y>>), Buying; selling; price.

a k^'jA shardb, Wine ; any beverage ;
(met.) a cup of wine ; the eye of the be-
loved ; (construed with the verbs paimudan,
khwdsian, khwurdan, dddan, dar maghz firo
raftan, rekjitan, sokhtan, kashidan, girifiwii,

and noshidan ; shardb afgandan, shardb an-
ddkhtan means " to make wine " ;) [ehardbi
u$ul, Syrup of roots ; — shardbi bi-pvsht,
Weak wine (opp. to sharabi <pusht-dtir)
shardbi bi-kaif, Wine without cheerfulness,
i.e. weak, that does not exhilarate or in-
toxicate ; — shardbi pukhta (chateda,), Ma>-
tured or distilled wine ; — shardbi pwrtitgdli,
Port wine ; — shardbi pusht-ddr, Strong
wine, spiced wine ; — shardbi jau, Beer
(tn.c.) ; — shardbi khdna-rasdn, Wine laid
up in the cellar (i.e. valuable, opp. to wine
bought in the market) ; — shardbi du-dtisha,
Double-distilled liquor; — shardbi dinar,
Name of a drink; — shardbi shakar (qandi),
Sweet wine ; — shardbi shirdz (shirdzi), Wine
of Shiraz ; — shardbi sttbh, Morning-draught ;
— sharabi quraq, Tart -wine ; — sharabi hah-
rubd'i, Wine of amber hue, yellow wine ; —
shardbi guzashta, Flat, insipid wine ; — shardbi
gitwdliydr, Wine of Gwalior, in India ; —
shardbi giir, Sweet wine; — shardbi lab-shirin,
Mild and sweet wine ; — shardbi muqattar,
Matured or distilled wine ( = shardbi pukhta);
— shardbi mausil, Wine mixed with water
in the proportion of 1 to 4; — shardbi nosh-
guwdr, Honey-wine ; wine which does not
cause crop-sickness ; — shardbi yahud, Jews'
wine ; (met.) drinking wine in secret, as
the Jews do from fear of the Muham ma-
dans ; — sha/db bi-garddn, Drink, pass the
bowl ;] — sharrdb, A toper; — shurrdb (pi. of
shdrib), Drinkers.

a shardbdt, Syrups ; sherbets.

a shardbdti, A maker of sherbets.

a tsjU s-^/* 1 shardb'bdzi, Drinking, wine-
bibbing.

a AiQ. shardb-khdna, A cellar ; ta-

vern.

a Jif- s^V* sharah-khwdr khtvur). A
wine-bibber, a drunkard.

a ^f- v^j* shardb-Mvtpdri, Wine- bibbing,
drunkenness.

a jl-ijtjA shardb-ddr, A cup-bearer; a
butler.

a «J>j shardb-mda, Sated with wine,

0 -M>* shardbashi, A maker and seller of
the head-gear sharbosh (see ^y^A).

a &i\j*> shar aba, A goblet of wine.

a (jjV- shardbi, Drunken, intoxicated ; a
drunkard ; a cup-bearer ; a butler.

t\y. shardb (?), A mountain-peak ; a
white spot on a horse's forehead.

a eV* sharrdh, A commentator.

^joAjA shardhi, shardk&i, A dish of

roast meat.

a j>\r* shurdd, shirdd (v.n. of •Jyfc), Fleeing
away, being terrified.

a f^r 4 * shardzim (pi. of shirzimat),
Troops, pieces, <fcc.

Aj\;A shardr, Sparks; [shardri ndrl fiina,
The sparks of the fire of insurrection;] —
shirdr (v.n. 3 of ;&), Injuring, being malig-
nant or averse ; sparks.

1>t. ( 740 ) cys-

ay-i^S jV" sharar-amez, Mingled with
sparks.

A Sjtyfc skararat (v.n. of ;A), Doing evil;
wickedness, malice, depravity ; annoyance ;
difficulties (m.c.) ; — P. shirdra, shardra, A
spark ; — shardra'i kdrzdr. The flame or heat
of the battle.

a 'tyj*gAardt-an, Wickedly, mischievously.

AjljA shirdz (v.n. 3 of )^>), Contending
with one another ; obstinacy.

a Jjlj* shardzat, Severity ; malignity ;
harshness.

a (jjtx-^jS. shardrietdn, Abounding in
sparks.

A shardeat, Malignity, malicious-

nesB, evilness of nature ; a voracious appe-
tite in cattle.

a t- Aj - A jA shardsif (pi. of sharsiif), Hypo-
chondria.

a jfcljA shardeMr, The whole of the body ;
the mind, soul ; affection, love ; name of a
place ; (pi. of sharsharaf) burdens.

a uol/A ekir&s (pi. of shirs'), Baldnesses
round the temples.

A UjA ihir&t (v.n. 3 of !=>/•), Stipulation;
transaction.

a g^jA shird', A long spear or lance ; a tent ;
a canopy ; the sail of a ship ; the string of
a bow; strings of a musical instrument;
the neck of a camel; — shurd', Name of a
celebrated spear-maker.

a ahird'i, Provided with sails ; sail-

ing (m.c.) ; — shura'i, (A spear) made by
Shura', or one like his make ; long.

A shard/at (v.n. of <-*/•), Beicg

noble ; nobility.

a i*)^ ehirak (v.n. 3 of csijA), Going
partners ; (pi. of jhumk) a shoe-strap or
latchet.

a shirdkat, Partnership ; fellowship ;
combination, confederacy, alliance, league ;
a corporation; a joint -stock company;
community of interests; — shirdhati muJckta-
lifa, (in arith.) Double fellowship ; — shira-
Jcati musdwi, Single fellowship.

A ehirdkat-an, Jointly,

yljA sharrdn, shurrdn, (part.) Purling
(as running water) ; — also shir an, Rain.

ay<&i\ y» skarr-angez, Incendiary, breed-
bate.

(jj^lj* shardntdan (oaus. of sharidan)
To cause to drop, &c. (see o^t 4 *)-

a shardhat, Greed, gluttony.

a jftjA shard'ir (pi. of sharirat), Malices,
malicious actions ; (pi. of shardrat) sparks.

a Sa^jA shard'it (pi. of sharitat), Condi-
tions, compacts, agreements, capitulations,
stipulations ; requirements ; signs, marks.

a *ha.r<i' i' (pi. of shari'at), Ordi-
nances ; laws ; highways.

a i-AftjA shara' if (pi. of sharifat), Nobles.

a isXftjA skard'ik (pi. of sharikat), Part-
ners in a husband (women).

A shardyin (pi. of sharydn or

shirydn), Arteries, by which the pulse is
felt.

v/- sharb, Fine Egyptian linen.

a wjj* sharb (v.n.), Understanding, com-
prehending; (pi. of shdrib) drinkers; —
sharb, shirb, shurb, Drinking; imbibing;
[skurbu 'd-dukhdn, Smoking tobacco ; —
shurbu 'l-yahud, Drinking wine clandes-
tinely ; — shurb u aid, Drink and food ; —
tarlii aM u shurb, Abstinence from food and
drink ;] — shirb, Anything that is drunk,
drink ; water ; a portion of water ; — shurb,
Drink (especially as much as is sufficient
for one draught, or to satisfy thirst) ; a
beverage; a drinking-bout; [shurbi sha-
rdb, A draught of wine ;] — sharab, Small
water ditches round trees to keep them
fresh ; drinking much water.

a "VjjA shurban, At a single draught.

r £jjAlfjA eharhasharan, Scouts.

A hy>* sharbat, One drink or sip, a single
draught; sherbet; a medicinal draught;
[sharbati kkaokfekdsk, Diacodium ; — skar-
bati ndrinj Orangeade ;] — sharabbat, Man-
ner, mode, fashion ; — 'aid sharabbat-in wd-
kidat-in, Always in the same manner;
dwelling upon one thing, insisting upon
one topic.

uWji sharbat, Wild leek.

a $\ «WjA sharbat - alii, Sherbet- plum
(m.c).

a 4>U. cWjA sharbat -Ickdna, A repository
of medicines, a medicine-chest.

ajW le-JjA eharbat-ddr, A servant who
has charge of the water or wine, a butler ;
one who has charge of the medicine-chest.

a ( _ ? ! fyA sharbati, A goblet of wine which
may be emptied at a single draught ; re-
lating to sberbet ; of the colour of sherbet;
a kind of lime or lemon ; a kind of stone ;
a kind of seed ; a sort of linen.

a ij^jfc sharbosk (from P. sar-posh), A
head-covering of a triangular form.

<yirffA sharbln, A tree from which flows
liquid pitch (Oxyeedrus) ; the larch ; ber-
beris ; ditchbur.

tyir 4, shurpim, Liquid pitch ; anything
very black.

A s^a sharrat, sharra, Worse (woman) ; —
shirrat, Greediness,^ cupidity ; ardour and
sprigbtliness of youth.

a *^>jA shars, A pair of old shoes; —
eharas (v.n.), Thickness of the hand ; being
cracked (hand).

At;A sharj (v.n.), Laying bricks one upon
another • a place where water flows from
high stony grounds into a plain ; name of
a valley in Yatnan ; also of a river ; alike ;
kind, sort, mode, manner ; a troop, body of
men ; society, partnership ; collecting ;
lying, speaking falsehood ; mixing.

a tj*> sharh (v.n.), Explaining, expound-
ing ; explanation, declaration ; commen-
tary, annotation, paraphrase, interprets-

Cj*> ( 741 )

tion (in these meanings construed with
dddan, ddshtan, kardan, guzdrdan, guftan,
naurishtan, Ac); proportionate (of assess-
ment) ; charge; allowance; cutting, dis-
secting •, deflowering (a virgin) ; — sharhi
ab-pashl, Irrigation rate (in India) ; —
sharhi kashshdf, A lucid exposition ; — sharhi
kashshdf Jchwdndan (inshd' kardan), To
make many words ; to speak elaborately ;
— sharh-u-bast, Explicitly and openly.

tr* tharah, The strings or bands of a
garment ; a tent-rope ; the milky way.

a ij"*^ C/ 4 * sharh-bandi, A table of rates.

a io-jA sharhat, A slice of meat.

a ^f^S Cj* sharh-guetari, Explanation,
elucidation, commentary.

a /j^T 4 " sharkwdr, Explanatory; (adv.)
explicitly, distinctly, clearly, in detail, at
length; as detailed.

a t/ 4, sharkh (v.n.), Cutting of teeth ;
root, origin; a salient point; beginning of
anything; early youth; an annual fcetus
(especially of a camel) ; an equal, peer ; a
sword je% without a hilt and unpolished ;
(pi. of sharikh) young men.

k»~- a-jA shirkhist, A kind of manna,
which at certain seasons drops upon the
leaves of treeB ; pottage, gruel (see

O^j^T* shurkhwurdan. To scrape, scratch..

"j^J* shirkhiwa, A drawing in of the
breath, a whistling.

shurd, Quarrelsome, headstrong.

a JjA sharad (pi. of shdrid), shurud (pi.
of sharud), Fugitives, runaways.

£\«>jfc shirdagh, A short-sleeved gown
open iD front.

a i^iji), shirzimat, shirzima, A part, a
slice j a handful of men.

a tharar. Sparks.
. a ft sharar-bar, RaiDing sparks ; scin-
tillating.

a shararistan, Aboundingin sparks.

a yUJ _yA> sharar-fishan, Scattering sparks,
a (jilJii _jjA Emission of sparks, scintilla-
tion.

aj_jA sharz (v.n,), Cutting; hardness,
roughness ; difficulty ; refractoriness.

>*^3/> thiritdah, A medlar.

sharza, Fierce, enraged, panting for
revenge ; roaring, growling (lion or other
wild beast) ; a brawler ; one who puts him-
self in the attitude of fighting or defiance.

a shars (v.n.), Dragging (a camel)
by the rein ; using rough uncourteous lan-
guage ; — shirs, A small thorny mountain-
shrub, a kind of tamarisk ; — sharas (v.n.),
Being ill-natured ; — sharis, Of a bad dispo-
sition, rough, malignant.

a <-J}~j^ shursuf, The cartilage of the ribs,
the extremities of the ribs above the belly,
the short ribs ; gristle or soft bone ; a cala-
mity ; the beginning of trouble.

a thartharat, eharshara (v.n. of^t),

Cutting in pieces; cleaving; anything
heavy, a load, a burden.

shirshib, A moth ; a weevil (un-
supported by examples).

a tjA. shart (v.n.), Scarifying, breathing
a vein ; stipulating ; a condition, clause,
restriction ; an agreement, compact, con-
vention ; a bargain ; a wager, a bet ; obli-
gation, duty ; (in gram.) a condition, a
conditional conjunction ; mean, low, base,
vile ; [skart bastan, To stipulate ; to bet ;
— shart kardan, To lay down a condition ;
to stipulate ; to promise (m.c.) ; — sharti
namak, Service, employment ; — shart u jam,
Condition and consequence; — ba-shartidnki,
On the condition that ;] — sharat, A sign,
mark, signal, token; excellent, noble (man) ;
small (a camel) ; insignificant (property) ;
— shurat, Life-guards ; policemen ; the ad-
vanced guard, forlorn hope.

a Js^fc ehart-d-sharti, Mutual obliga-
tions.

a tyfe shart-ndma, Charter; book of
laws ; statute-book ; text of a treaty,

a dAjA shurta, Judge of the market ;
king's guards ; police ; covered with black,
clad in mourning ; propitious, favourable,
agreeable ; — bddi shurta (or simply shurta),
A favourable wind.

a Joji. shavte, One condition ; [ba-sharte
ki, On condition that ; provided that ;] —
sharti, Conditional ; — shurti, A life-guards-
man ; a police-officer, a constable.

a fc>*kj* sharatain (du. of sharat), Two
bright stars in the head of Aries.

a A-Ay* shartlyat. Conditionally, contin-
gency ; a conditional sentence.

A £/■ shar' (v.n.), Making a road straight;
having a door opening upon the public
road (a house) ; entering the water (an
animal) ; stripping (a hide) ; raising any-
thing aloft ; (met.) making or prescribing
laws ; the Muhammadan law ; religion,
faith, justice, equity ; [shar'i sharij, Citing
one before a court of justice ; — ahli shar',
A judge, assessor to a judge, lawyer;] —
shir', A bow-string ; the string of a musical
instrument ; a shoe-latchet ; name of a
place.

a 'UjAi shar'-an, Judicially, lawfully ; —
shar'-an wa qanun-an (wa 'urf-an), Accord-
ing to divine and human law.

a Icyb. shir 1 at, shir'a, The law of God ; a
bird-net. ■»

a ^ gj*. ehar'-nihdd, Habituated to jus-
tice.

a ^jt, shar'i, Legal, just ; — also shar'iyi
pai-jdma, Tight drawers, tights.

sharf, The threshold of a door ; a
light, low sound (as of feet when walking,
see usJLiji").

A i-i/. sharf (v.n.), Excelling in glory,
being more noble ; — sharaf (v.n.), Being
high and noble ; elevation, height, altitude ;

( ?42 )

nobility, dignity, rank, glory ; the honour
derived from ancestors ; descent from Mu-
hammad ; an eminence, a high place ;
[sharafi tahsin, The honour of being ap-
proved; — sharafi khidmat, Honour of ser-
vice ; — sharafi zdt. Personal dignity, honour,
or nobility ; — sharafi muldzamat, Honour of
attendance;] — shuraf (pi. of shurfat),
Battlements, pinnacles.

a »Uy. sharfd' (fern, of ashraf), Long
(ear) ; whose ear is long and stands out
(opp. to ebU. q.v.) ; — kullu shakkd'-in tab-
yazu tea kullu sharfd' -in ialidu, Whatever has
the ears inside lays eggs, and whatever has
the ears projecting bears young ; — shuraf a'
(pi. of sharlf), Nobles, princes, the grand-
sons and descendants of Muhammad, sher-
riffes, sherifs.

uslUjA tharfah, shirfdk, ti&JUya sharfdlang,
shirfdlang, <s£i\iy» shirfdng, shirfdng, *sSUi/>
sharfang, A light, low sound (as of feet
when walking).

a yi*; ijjA sharaf-bakhsii (^«t* > . bakhshd),
Honour-giving.

a iij* shurfat, shurfa, Honour, dignity,
good fortune ; a battlement, pinnacle ; a
cornice ; the gallery of a minaret ; — shurfa-
tu V-mdl, The choicest of one's possessions.

a yrb* sharaf-rez, Scattering honours.

a cwUtjyi. sharafndk, Honourable, noble.

jr~»^4» sharfanj, A rugged road.

shirfa, Noise of feet in walking,

a s'VtV* sharaf-ydb, Honoured, dignified.

A sharflyat, Nobility, high birth.

A (jj^i sharq (v.n.), Bising (as the sun),
sun-rise; the (rising) sun; the place of
sun-rise, the East ; light shining through
a crevice ; slitting the ear of a sheep ; —
sharaq (v.n.), Being slit in the ear (cattle) ;
an ear slit ; choking, being suffocated ;
sticking in the throat ; being pained or
grieved ; giving a feeble light, and being
about to set (sun) ; being blood-shot.

A lij* sharqd\ Slit-eared (cattle).

A Sijt> sharqat, sharqa, A sunny place ;
the east ; the rising sun ; — shurqat, Suffo-
cation ; sorrow, anxiety ; — sharaqat, A mark
set on a slit-eared sheep.

a glx*J>j& sharqistdn, The east, Asia.

a ij'j*' sharqi, fem. sharqlyat, shar-

qiya, Oriental, eastern ; sunny, exposed to
the sun ; grown in an eastern place (a
tree) ; — altina'i shdrqlya, The Oriental lan-
guages.

sharak. Eruptions of the body,
measles ; — shark, shirk, Strips of linen in
which medicines are rolled up; — shirk,
Small-pox.

a shirk, Company, society, partner-
ship; giving companions or partners to
God, polytheism, idolatry, paganism ; in-
fidelity ; dissimulation, hypocrisy ; — sharak,
A fowler's net; a rope ; a wide open road;

the middle of the road ; name of a place in
Hijaz.

A shurakd' (pi. of shank), Partners;
associates.

A &j*> shirkat (v.n. of *"!;*■), Going part-
ners ; partnership, copartnership ; — ikro-
Jeat, A fowler's net.

a (j^Sr* shirkatl, Common, held in part-
nership.

a o~^r 4 ' sharka&i, Circassian.

(j^^> shurkis, A rain-bow (probably
erroneous reading ; see ^-dS^)-

a J* sharr-gir, Malignant, malicious.

(•r* sharm, Bashfulness, modesty, shame;
pudendum ;— sharm khwurdan (ddshtan),
To blush, to be ashamed (moreover con-
strued with the verbs baMdan, bdridan,
chakidan, shikastan, kardan, kashidan,
and nihadtm) ; — sharmi sdkhta, Pre-
tended bashfulness, sham-modesty (with
which are nearly synonymous sharmi huzur,
sharmi huzurl) • — ba-sharm raftan, To be-
come ashamed ; — bi-sharm, Shameless.

A pj*> sharm (v.n.), Splitting, cleaving,
cutting slightly; the middle of the sea, or a
branch of it ; a bay, a gulf ; a kind of tree ;
high grass of which the top only is eaten
(by cattle) ; — sharam, A fissure in the nose.

-^f f*r* sharm-dlud, Bashful, ashamed,
shame-faced.

yijUjA. sharmdnidan, To make blush.

<jW sharm-jdy, The privy parts.

8j j fj* sharm-zada, Ashamed, abashed.
sharmsar, Abashed, ashamed.
sharmsdri, Bashfulness ; — sharm-
sdri burdan (kashidan), To be ashamed, to
blush.

sharm-gdh, The privy parts.
sharmgln, Bashful, ashamed.
iaJU*jA sharmndk, Ashamed, abashed, con-
fused.

^fii^ji. sharmindagl, Modesty ; shame.
shdrmanda, Covered with shame,
confused, disconcerted.

OVj* sharmidan, To be ashamed, to
blush.

a qj*> sham, A being split (as a rock),

a shirndf, Corn with long leaves.

a sharndq, A stye on the eyelid.

a tA^fc sharambas, Thick about the
hands and feet; a lion ; an ignorant or
foolish man.

sharang, Poison; a colocynth.

V 4 * sharwd, A lie ; vain, senseless talk.

shirwun, Media ; Shirwan : — bahri
shirwdn, The Caspian.

^jjj* shirwdni, A Mede ; a native of Shir-
wan.

a Ci?* shuruh (pi. of shark), Explanations,
commentaries ; rudiments, elements.

a JyA sharud, One who flies away with
terror ; a fugitive ; — qdfiya'i sharud, A cele-
brated and frequently- quoted rhyme; —
shurud (v.n. of o^s.), Fleeing, running away.

( 743 )

A- jjjA shwr&r (pi. of eharr), Wicked men,
&o.

a tjy* ehurut, Conditions, stipulations ;
— ehurvti muqannana, Legal conditions or
stipulations.

A sliuru' (v.n. of Entering (an

animal the water) ; starting on, setting
about (any business) ; beginning, com-
mencement ; onset, attack ; — shuru' kardan
(namudan), To begin, make a beginning,
commence.

a vjuWipAi shuru'dt (pi. of shuru'), Begin-
nings.

a iljjA shvruq (v.n. of ijS/"), The rising
(of the sun) ; slitting the ears (of cattle) .

sharwa, A mode of reading or chant-
ing ; name of an Armenian champion.

sharwin, The fort of Shirwan ;
name of a grandson of Nu shirwan' s brother
Kayus.

shara, Name of a plant called in India

tiilsi.

a SjA sharah (v.n.), Being very greedy ;
desire, appetite, greed, gluttony ; — sharih,
Greedy, gluttonous.

a JjM shara-alud, Stained with glut-
tony, addicted to excess.

A Jsj* shir a, Buying ; \bi-shira, u bai',
Without buying and selling, for nothing,
gratuitously ;] — shurrd. Worse, worst (wo-
man) ; malignant, fascinating, evil (eye).

a uXijt* ehiryaf, The long, luxuriant
leaves of corn which are cut away.

a y^2r*» sliarydn, shirydn, A tree of which
bows are made ; — shirydn, An artery, by
which the pulse is felt ; — shirydni iklili'i
qalb, Coronary artery of the heart ; — shir-
yard iklili'i mi'da, Coronary artery of the
stomach.

a sharib, A fellow-drinker ; — shir-
rib, Who drinks to excess.

sharitd, (in Zand and Paz and) A

king.

(^ya^Ai sharitunitan, (in Zand) To open.

A sharijat, A bow made of two
pieces of wood, or of several framed to-
gether ; a basket of palm-leaves ; the bind-
ing of a book.

a sharih, A=q^ sharihat, An oblong
slice of meat ; — shuraih. Pudendum mulie-
ris ; name of a celebrated judge.

^.jjjA sharidan, To exude, drop ; to flow.

yjoji. shurridan, To flow, murmur (as
water or any liquor poured out).

yj* sharir (probably for A. yy«, applied
in a playful sense to a mistress, <fec, if not
for ^ q.v.), Good; beautiful.

a jjjA sharir (pi. j\y>>\ ashrdr and 1^
ashirrd'), Wicked, malignant, perverse; the
sea-side ; a tree growing in the sea ; —
shirrir, A consummate scoundrel.

^3 tS)* shara-zada, Pimpled (skin).

a lojjA sharit, A rope of palm-fibre for
binding the load upon a beast of burden.

a sha/ritat. Connection of one thing
with another ; a condition, stipulation ; a
rope of palm-fibre.

A **>j*> shari'at, A plain, straight road ;
law, justice, equity ; the law of God ; the
supplementary laws given by Muhammad ;
a watering-place for cattle ; — shari'ati az_-
har, The resplendent law ; — shari'ati sharifa,
The holy law.

a sharif, fern, boy* sharifat, sharifa,
Noble, eminent, holy ; illustrious ; a de-
scendant of Muhammad ; name of a city in
Persia; [sharifu 'n-nafs, Noble of soul,
magnanimous ; — sharifi qaum, Chief of a
tribe or caste ; — sharif u wazi', Nobles and
plebeians, high and low ; — majlisi sharif, A
noble assembly ; a tribunal ; — mizdji sharif,
A noble disposition, an excellent temper ;] —
shuraif, Name of the highest mountain in
Arabia.

a ify* sharifa, The custard-apple (Annona
squamosa).

A tibial sharik, A partner in trade, com-
panion, associate ; an accomplice ; a school-
fellow, a friend ; — shariku 'r-rdy, Of the
same opinion ; — sharik shudan, To form an
association or company (m.c.) ; — shartki
shikml, Joint owner ; joint sub-lessee.

A sharikat, A female partner.

a <j^*i shariki, A partnership.
shirina, shirrina, A dry scab.

a^a shazg, I>ry, dried up ; arid.

a ijlyfc shazdzat, Aridity.

a >yAi shazr, Looking askance or angrily ;
piercing with a spear in every direction ;
turning a hand-mill, or twisting a rope,
from the left to the right.

a 0j& shazn, shuzun, A cube or die for
playing with ; — shawm, (v.n.), Being cheer-
ful, brisk, nimble ; being tired with much
walking; hard, rough, ground ; distance; —
shuzn, shuzun, A tract of country ; the side
(of anything).

j)A shumv, (in Zand) A sinner, criminal.

a shumb (v.n. of v/*), Being lean
(a horse) ; being rough (a road) ; being
withered (a branch).

't - . a shasb, Lightning, flashing, glitter-
ing-

< t v~a shasp, Leaping, skipping; absence.
shast, Sixty ; the thumb ; a thumb-
stall worn by archers ; a fish-hook ; a snare,
a net , a lancet ; a girdle worn by the fire-
worshippers and Hindus ; the bow, also
the string of a musical instrument, a fiddle-
stick ; a hair-ring ; a dildo ; a woman's
hips ; [shast nihddan, To fish, angle (also
construed with the verbs bastan, rekhtan,
(jiriftan, gtisekhtan, and gushddan) ;] — shist
(for nishaet), He sat down; a sitting down;
a session ; aim ; [shist kardan, To take
aim;] — shust, He washed; a lotion, wash-
ing ; — shust kardan, To wash.
ji.fi u: — * shast-dwez, A kind of torture or

( 744 )

punishment by which a person is suspended
by his thumbs.

a shustaja (for P. shusta), A hand-

kerchief, a towel.

shustar, The ancient city of Susa,
famous for the manufacture of brocade.

ad*-.* shastah, A dildo ; a manner of
coition.

(j*^—* shistagdni, Basis, foundation.
8 ^ 7i "fc shust-gdh, Baptism ; baptismal
font.

^jSia-.-t. shast-gardn, Archers, bowmen.

(jSiwA shustagl, Lotion, washing, ablu-
tion ; — shustagi'i alfaz. Ease and flow of
talk.

f>~-~>* shastum, The sixtieth.

shistan (for nishastan) , To Bit ; —
shustan, To wash ; to baptize ; to slack
lime ; — az surat khtodrl shustan, To adorn ;
to exalt, to glorify ; — bar-shustan, To wash ;
— ba-haft db shustan, To wash carefully ; —
ba-haftad u haft db lab-rd bi-shiiy, Keep
yourself pure in word and deed; — dost
shustan az, To renounce, to make a sacrifice
of (m.c).

s^'.x ' * shustan-gdh, A place for wash-
ing- . i

, jf' - ">- t> shustani, A lotion. I
y lb^a shust-u-shu, Washing and
cleansing (construed with the verbs dadan
and kardan) ; — shust-u-shu.' i khub (turfa)
dadan, To rob entirely ; to give a severe
scolding or chastisement ; according to
others, to be prolix in speech.

f ~ x ~*> shusta. Washed, cleansed, dressed,
prepared; a handkerchief, towel ; — shusta,
thudan, To be baptized ; to be washed for
burial.

2 ttwA shusta-rii, j tie & shusta-' iz&r,
Beardless.

j &Af &A-A shusta-gvft-gu, Pure language.

u , - '" ** shasii, A kind of stitch or sewing.

a j^wfc gAa«' (v.n.), Being far distant (a
mansion or halting-place) ; putting strings
to a shoe ; — shis', A shoe-Btrap or latchet ; — !
ehasa' (v.n.), Having the fore teeth and
the canine teeth wide asunder (a horse).

sham (? the pronunciation of the u-
is not stated in the dictionaries), An oyster ;
anything capable of growth ; sugar-cane ; a
thorn on which manna is found ; the womb.

A «Jj— shusuf (v.n. of Being
dry from leanness (a horse).

iJS-9> shash, Six ; (sometimes) sixth ; —
shush, The lights ; a fan ; a soft, pendulous
bosoni ; — ragi shush, Pulmonary artery ; —
ranji (dardt) shush, Peripneumony.

sj^U^ utA 8hush-amd8idd, Timid ; de-
praved, wicked.

yi* ehash-anddz, Throwing sixes at
dice ; a man who contrives to throw six
balls, so that four are always in the air; a
player at the game of nard; the full moon,
cr* shash bdnu, ^ shash

bdnti'i pir, (the six princesses, i.e.) Saturn,
Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Mercury, and the
moon.

<j\ shash-banddn, Six days of the

month Shauwal, at the close of Ramazan, on
which the Muhammadans fast; the wild
vine.

Vi (jS-k shash-pd, Six-footed ; a worm with
six feet ; earwig ; eft ; scolopendra ; beetle.

X&*> shash-par, A halberd, iron mace.

<5^~» yS-*> shash-pistdn, (six-teated) A
bitch ; a name of reproach for a woman ;—
■shush-pistdn, a pendulous-breasted woman ;
an old woman.

v*" 4 " shash-panj, yj £i> (ji-A shash-panj-
zan, see , (_^a, &c

u 2 * 4 " shash-panj-y&r, A contriver of
stratagems.

a ^Jj=w shash-harf, Consisting of eix
letters.

^»>A> <_r-A shdsh-panja, i^JJ u&a shash-
pancha, A medicinal plant.

shusht, Vile, detestable, deformed,
shameful, bad.

U&a shash-td (j^ tar), A kind of lute
with six strings ; — shash-td zadan, To play
upon a six-stringed guitar ; to throw sixes
at dice.

OjU&A shash-td-zan, One who strikes the
lyre shash-td; one who throws sixes at dice.
shushtar, Susa (famous for cloths).

iy shash-tara, Madder, a dyeing root.

f* : A* shashtum, The sixtieth.

vs-^- ySA shash-jihat, Six-sided ; a cube.

^y^^-iA shash-jihati, Six-sided, hexago-
nal.

<jySU- yiLs. shash khdtiln (the six ladies),
Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Mercury and
the moon.

yLiJi^i shash-khdn, A kind of circular
tent used by the Persians ; a curtain at the
door of a palace or pavilion.

a jjU. (jis* shash- khdnaj, and —

43\j£Aa shash-khdna, (A building) divided
into six courts; name of a musical instru-
ment ; any rifled fire-arm; — shash-kh&m-
tufang, An arquebuss ; a rifle; — shash-
khdna-top, A rifled cannon.

t ^^VaC^A shashkltdnaji, A sharp-shooter.
shash- kh,anj, Drawers ; beardless ;
nuts filled with lead, with which boys play.

vi£^-> (ji-fc shash dang, A dram and a
half ; — also u*a shash-ddnga, A whis-
perer.

jJl£a shash-daf, Six doors; chess-tables;
a cube, die ; a point of the table at the
game of nard, from which one cannot ex-
tricate one's self ; wonderful, confound-
ing; — shash dari tang (fana), The world;
shame.

^jbjXi* shash-dar-bdzi. Any game at
dice ; the world ; astonishment.

ytA shash-dara, A chess-board ; a
die ; a point of the table at the game of

Js&a ( 745 ) lake

nard, from which one cannot extricate one's
self.

shash-dari, A house -with six
doors ; the -world.

))) {^r-^ shash rozi Icaun, The six days
of creation.

C2lw lt^ shash rauzan, The six planets ;
the world ; a living creature.

shash-edla, Six years old.

ijr* tA* ghash-sari, Pure gold.

f lA*> shash-sw, Above and below, before
and behind, right and left ; a hexagon ;
six-sided.

» w*a shash sad, Six hundred.

a s-"/* shash zarb, &t)*> ij^ shush

zarba, Sixes at dice; stakes at dice which
are swept off at a throw; — shush zarbi natlja'i
khub, Six kinds of good things: a gem,
gold, muBk, sugar, honey, fruit of different
sorts.

a jU. yiA ghash-tdq, A kind of royal tent.

a vJ^t shash taraf, Six sides, i.e. east,
wesf, north, south, above, beneath.

a ij*)f (ji* shash 'urus, The six planets
(see (jtA).

a ^U.A.ti shash-'aXam, A kind of smooth
carpet.

gii yiA shash-fanj, Crockery for children
to play with (comp. u^-a).

Ji'iis-a, shashqdqil, shashqdqiit, Root of an
Indian tree ; the wild carrot.

<*!>AA skushlc, Excrement of the eye.

gitf yij. shash-hdnaj, A circular tent.

iJAjSLaa shash-gosha, A hexagon.

(*aa ghashum, Sixth.

(^•j fv£* skashum zamin, The sixth
climate.

shash- maskin, An oyster-shell
with its contents ; a gold-mine ; a fruit-
bearing tree ; a shrub with manna upon it.

^y-i* shashuml, y.**-^ shashumin, Sixth.

a shash -Mia, Six - chambered

(revolver, m.c).

vji. A^-a ytA, shash natlja'i khub, The
six excellent substances •. jewels, gold,
musk, sugar, honey, and sweet fruits.

^ y JiA shash u panj, (sixes and fives)
Confusion, perplexity ; dice.

<s)^ sri } u^* shash-u-panj-baa, Fraud,
treachery.

gii } shash-u-panj-mnan, Dice-
players; perfect, pure; one who loses his
all at play.

*aa shasKa, ^-Wi u*A shash yandan, Six
days of the month Shauwal, on which Mu-
hammadans keep fast,

*k (J^> shash-yah, A sixth.

^jAa shushi, Eeferring to the lungs, pul-
monary.

a ysi. shass (v.n.), Keeping back, restrain-
ing ; having but little milk (a camel, &c.) ;
having difficulty in getting a living ; — shass.
Bliss, A fish-hook ; — shiss, An expert thief,
one who steals whatever he sees.

a shash (v.n.), Failing to conceive,
though frequently covered (a camel) ; — shisb,
Adversity; scarcity; hardship.

shast (for shast), Sixty ; a hook.
f**«°A shastum, A sixtieth.
usii <jt~o* shast-yak, A sixtieth.
a r*>» shasr (v.n.), Pricking (a thorn) ;
spearing; butting with the horns ; basting,
sewing with wide stitches ; sewing the
eyes of a newly-captured falcon,- — shasar,
A young deer grown strong enough to
butt, or one month old.

a ^<»4. shusHw (v.n.), Being fixed on an
object (the eye); being carried high in the
air (a cloud).

a. sjyA shusub (v.n. of s •■"><•), Being
afflicted, indigent ; being difficult to earn (a
livelihood).

A £a shatt (v.n.), Being troublesome,
oppressing ; being far distant ; the bank
of a river; the Tigris; any large river;
the side of a camel's bunch.

a. shata', shata, A blade, a leaf ; a
shoot, or young branch ; — shitd' (v.n. 3 of
*^*), Walking (with another) on the oppo-
site bank of a river.

A c^ 0 ** shattdh, Meretricious, lewd, ob-
scene ; artful ; shameless.

a ^^a ehattdhi, Shamelessness, effron-
tery ; one who speaks contrary to the law.

a m>jU»A shatarat, Fearlessness ; uncon-
cern ; disobedience.

A kUa*j shatat, shitdt (v.n. of !**■), Beiog of
a well-proportioned shape ; distance.

a {Jai. shath (v.n.), The ravings of an
ecstatic ; monkish ways ; — shittah, A word
used in driving goats or kids.

a yaA shatr (v.u.), Milking (a camel, cow,
or sheep) of two teats (out of the four) ;
halviug anything; the two fore or the two
hinder teats of a camel ; the half or part of
a thing ; a side, part, tract ; intent, purpose.

ii)yjA shatrak, Spleen wort.

a gi^A shatranj, shitranj, Chess [for the
derivation of the name see ts£yA ; more
fanciful explanations are : sad ranj (a
hundred cares), shdh-ranj (the royal care
or sorrow), shash rang (six species or ranks,
as shah " king," fantln " wazir" for queen,
fil "elephant" for bishop, faras "horse"
for knight, rukh 1 ' tower or castle," piyadagdn
"footmen, peons, or pawns"]; construed with
the verbs bdkhtan, chldan, and gustardan • —
shatranj kardan ustukhivdn, To make chess-
men.

a jVi gi/afc shatranj-bdz, A chess-player.
a ^j^i gj^A shatranj -bant, Chess ; a sort of
carpet.

a ^y^A shatranji, A kind of bread ; a
kind of carpet ; a chess-player.
a <J^> t^r^A shatranji-bdf, Carpet-weaver.

aUsA shatat (v.n. of S»a), Exceeding just
bounds ; tyrannizing over ; injustice, op-
pression.

-aka

( 746 )

a ghatf (v.n.), Going away; removing
to a distance.

a t^=A shatn (v.n.), Tying with a rope ;
opposing, thwarting ; travelling to a coun-
try ; — shatan, A long rope, a rope.

a y=* shatw, A side, tract, quarter ; —
shvtu' (v.n. of Putting forth suckers

or foliage (a tree) .

a tjlo& shatiit, A she-camel with a large
bunch; — shutut (pi. of shaft), River-banks.

a Qtjvu shatiin, Very remote (design or
military expedition) ; a deep well, or one
wide at the top and narrow at bottom ; —
shv.fun (v.n. of yk*0, Being far distant.

A y^oA, shittir, 'Distant, foreign ; (by oppo-
sition) near.

a shazdf, Adversity, penury; — shizdf,
Distance ; (pi. of shazf), straits, difficulties.

A i-Aks. shazf (v.n.), Hindering, keeping
back ; removing, putting to a distance ;
castrating (a ram by removing the testicles) ;
a split stick; — shizf, Dry bread; a small
rod or peg ; — shazaf (v.n.), Penetrating be-
tween the skin and the flesh (an arrow) ;
adversity, penury, straits ; — shazif, Bad-
tempered, a fierce combatant.

A <£*1m» shaziyat, A chip, lath, fragment,
splinter ; a large roek projecting from a
mountain ; any indentation.

a <-&«!ii. shazif, (A tree) hardening for
want of watering ; a withered-up tree".

a vA«jk shi'ab (pi. of shi'b, shu'bat), Ra-
vines, &c. ; branches, &c.

A (j'rfUA sha'dbin (pi. of sha'ban), Months
of Sha'ban,

a sha'dr, Trees, especially thick and
entangled; — shi'ilr (v.n. 3 of Contend-
ing or excelling in poetry ; lying or sleeping
together in one under-garment (see iysLL.) ;
an under-garment (opposed to jU'j q.v.) ;
a sign, countersign, signal, parole, military
password; method, manner; habit, custom,
practice; — shi' aru 'l-hajj, The rites of the
pilgrimage ; — baldghat-shi' ar, Eloquent ; —
jddti-shi'dr, Magical ; — chez-rd ehi'ari (shi'dr
u disfirt) Mwud sd'khtan, To appropriate a
thing entirely.

a ^j;^* shi'drl, Customary, habitual.

a slia'a' (v.n. of £*»), Scattering;

sqirting ; being scattered ; wavering
(opinion) ; unsteady ; distracted, confused,
perplexed ; beards of corn ; milk much
watered; — shu'd', Light, splendour, lustre;
sunshine; a ray (construed with the verbs
uftddan, afcjandan, giriftan, &e.) ; — shu'd'i
shams, Rays of the sun.

a (jC^tfe shu'd'i, Radial.

i ^iU*. sha'df (v.n. of ujuii.), Maddening
(love) ; distractedness ; — shi'df, Summits of
mountains; upper parts of the head; —
sahbu 'sh-shi'df, Red-haired.

AjfU.ii sha'd'ir (pi. of shi'drat and sha'irat),
Signs, symbols, sacred observances (espe-
cially such as are of divine appointment).

A s-'**i sha'b (v.n.), Collecting together ;
repairing, mending; dividing, separating;
name of a tribe in Yaman ; a people, nation
(as a branch of the human race, the further
ramifications in descending order being
qabllah, then fasilah, then Hmdrah, then
batn, and lastly fakhi?) ; a fissure, a cleft ;
a seam ; — shi'b, A ravine ; a path through
mountains, a pass, a defile ; a mark made
on camels by burning ; a watercourse be-
tween two hills ; [shi'bi bauwan, One of the
four paradises, situated in Persia ;] — sha'ab,
Being distant ; space between the shoulders
or horns (of cattle) ; — shu'ab, The neck,
head, mane, or any prominent point of a
horse ; (pi. of shu'bat) ramifications ; divi-
sions (of a tribe or nation) ; — shu'abi arba',
The two hands and feet.

a (jjW** sha'ban, The eighth Arabian
month.

4 «u\i\^*A sha'bandt (pi. of sha'ban),
Months of Sha'ban.

a if** shu'bat, shu'ba, The branch of a
tree ; ramification ; tribal division ; a gore
in a garment, a piece cemented into a broken
vessel; — shu'ba'i raqsi zarln, A branch of
music.

Sjl-**. shu'bada, Sleight of hand, juggling;
— shu'bada bdkhtan, To perform sleights of
hand.

j\a iXt*J>, sha'bada-bats,A juggler, conjurer;
— falaki shu'bada-bdz, The juggling heavens,
i.e. the deceitful world or fortune.

A >i-«i sha'as (v.n.), Having the hair di-
shevelled and covered with dust or ashes ;
being disordered (business), confusion (of
affairs) ; — lamina 'lldhu sha'asa-ha, May
God set right your troubles.

a_>**> sha'r (v.n.), Excelling in poetry;
hair (of man or any animal excepting
camels and sheep); [sahib sha'r, Hairy;]
— shi'r, Poetry, verse ; a verse, a couplet;
knowing, understanding, perceiving;— shi'ri
dmada, Improvised poetry; — shi'r bastan,
To compose poetry, to versify; — shi'r
khwandan, To recite poetry (rn.c.) ; — laita
shi'ri, Would I knew.

a sha'ra', A kind of peach; a garden
full of trees ; a fly infesting camels, asses,
or dogs ; a fur pelisse ; rough, disagree-
able ; dreadful (misfortune) ; — shu'ard (pi.
of shd'ir), Poets.

a ij^]**- sha'r dm, Covered with hair, hairy.

a jj\ shi'r-dwar, Poetical ; a poet.

a shi'r-bdzi, The art of poetry.

a ^jb yii. sha'r-bdf, A maker of silk-stuff.

a y«A shi'r-khwdm, Reading, study-

ing, or reciting poetry.

a shi'r-go'i, The art of poetry;

writing poetry.

a l l S f<*' shi'rd, The dog-star, Sirius ; [ash-
shi'rd 'l-'abur, The little dog-star; — ash-
shird, 'l-Yamdnl, The great dog-star;] —
shi'ri, Poetic, poetical.

A £U*& sha'sha', Divided, dispersed ;
nimble, active ; tall ; handsome.

a sha'sha' at, sha'sha' a (v.n. of

5^*4), Mixing, tempering, diluting (wine
with water) ; making thin and long ; a long
thin stroke, tail of a letter, flourish ; a
cedilla; fiction, hoax, false report; splen-
dour, brightness, radiancy.

a <-A*a sha'f (v.n.), Seizing the heart,
making sick, disordering the mind (love) ;
besmearing a camel with pitch ; — sha.'af
(v,n.), Loving desperately, being overcome
with love ; the top of a camel's bunch ; a
disease incident to camels making the hair
of the eyelids fall off ; the bark of the tree

a J** sha'l (v.n.), Advancing far into,
looking to the end of ; — sha'al (v.n.), Having
white hairs in the tail, forelock, or back of
the neck (horse) ; — shu'ul (pi. of shu'lat).
Flames.

A Aijts. shu'lat, shu'la, Light, splendour,
lustre, shining, flashing, coruscation ; blaze,
flash, fire, flame ; a mixture of white on
the tail or forelocks of a horse ; female pro-
per name (m.c.) ; (construed with the verbs
afgandan, pechidan, eMdan, tadan, kushtan,
kushta ehudan, kashidan, giriftan, nishadan,
nishdndan, &c.) ; — shu'la' i tdk, Wine.

a fWf shu'la-dshdm, Burning, in-

flamed.

a q\4J>\ shu'la-afshdn, Flame- scat-

terer.

a <il*4i shu'la- dtvdz, A soul-stirring
voice; swinging round a firebrand.

a ^ shu'la-bdr, Eaining flames of

fire ; blazing, coruscating.

a 4ij shu'la-pesha, Constantly setting
aflame.

a Jly». il*4> shu'la-jawdl {^y>- jaivala), A
circle of fire produced by swinging round a
burning brand.

a sliu'la-Jcha, Fiery in disposition,

fiery, hot.

a shu'la-khu'l, Fieriness of dis-

position.

a shu'la-Jchez, shu'la-dar,

Flaming, resplendent, brilliant.

a t) shu'la-rukh. jy &1**> shu'la-nl,

Flame-faced ; a radiant beauty.

a &U& shu'la-zan, = y-A. q.v.

a uiJUilaA shu'landk, Blazing, coruscating.

a )) &Usa shu'la-war, = j*£- iA*a> q.v.

A y*a> slia'an, Dry fallen leaves.

a 5jj*4> sha'wada, sj^«A> sha'wata, Sleight
of hand, juggling.

Ajj*4, shu'iir (v.n. of ;*«■), Knowing; per-
ceiving, understanding ; knowledge, wis-
dom, sagacity, penetration ; good manage-
ment ; (pi. of sha'r) hairs ; — arbabi shu'iir,
The learned ; — bi-shu'ur, "Wanting in com-
mon sense (m.c, see also ^ p. 221).

))*■*• shu'ur-ddr, Knowing, wise, in-
telligent ; mannerly, well-bred.

a \e*A> sha'ya, The prophet Isaiah.

A s-*«a sha'ib, A traveller's provision-bag

in two divisions ; an old leathern bottle ; —
shu'aib, Name of Jethro, father of Moses,
considered a prophet by the Muhamma-
dans.

a shu'aibiyat, Name of a sect.

Aj««4 sha'ir, Barley.

a S^xA sha'irat, One grain of barley ; a
knob attached to a knife or dagger to hold
the blade fast ; an auimal for sacrifice at
Mecca ; a rite, religious ceremony,

a iUa shd'ilat, sha'lla, A burning wick,
a burning candle, &c.

£*• shagk, shugh, A branch ; horn of an
ox ; antlers of a stag ; a drinking-horn ; —
shu ah, Callousness of the hands from hard
labour ; a little ; a quiver.

^ shaghd, shughd, A quiver and bow-
case.

oUa shaghdd, shughfld, Name of the
brother of Rustatn; — shighdd, Whatever
is permitted in matters of religion.

jIaa shaghdr, A badger, brock, kind of
stinking weasel; an urchin, hedgehog; —
shighdr, Noise, uproar ; reproof.

a jUa shighdr, Two men marrying each
other's daughters or sisters to avoid the
payment of marriage-portions (a practice of
the pagan Arabs abolished by Muhammad).

a <-*U*i shaghdf, The place where the
phlegm {balgfiam) is secreted ; the pericar-
dium ; the heart's core; original sin; —
shacdiaf, shuahdf. A pain in the clitoris or
the pericardium ; a disease originating
under the short ribs on the right side.

JUi, shaghtil (S. xrigdta), A jackal.

JUa. shag&dti, A sort of grape.

shaghdni, Rust&m's younger brother
(doubtful reading).

yUi shaghdn, Honey in the comb.

sUa. shaghdh, A quiver.

a shayjib (v.n.), Declining, turning
aside, swerving from the way ;- — shaghf),
shaghab (v.n.), Stirring up mischief ; a
broii, tumult, disturbance ; (in P. also)
lamentation, cries, shrieking; baslifulness ;
politeness; — shaghab. Name of a woman.

a ^U . - *A shaghabndk, Tumultuous, noisy.

^*&> shagMd, A- quiver.

yjjuLi shugjiuddan, To escape ; to be
brought to an end (doubtful word, see

yJjiA).

a j*-4. shaghr (v.n.), Lifting his legs to
urine (as a dog) ; being depopulated (a
city) ; expelling, ejecting (from a place).

jkk shwjhar, Hardness or blisters on the
hands or feet from working or walking; —
shugkr, shughur, A hedgehog ; a badger.

a ^ /4 shaghar - baghar, Dispersed,
scattered.

a (jiAA shaghftsh, shaghsh (?), A bad kind
of wheat.

a i_4±a shagkaf, Alacrity; love, longing,

( 747 )

csUa. ( 748 )

yearning ; joy ; the pericardium, &c.
(= uU*. q.T.).

«*aa eJiagkak, Ignorant, silly ; cruel,
unjust.

A J*fc shagM, shugM (v.n.), Occupying,
keeping employed at ; diverting from ; —
ska gh l, sfcugftf, shaahal, shughul, Work ;
occupation, employment ; business ; study ;
diversion, amusement, pastime ; office
(m.c.) ; — skugid dadan, To command, to
charge with (the word is also construed
with rdst kardan and sat kardan) ;— shughli
shaghil, An all-absorbing work.

a Jaa ehugM-sanj, jji** shugM-war,
Laborious, industrious.

udjAa shighfd, = tt>yiA q,v.

shughudan, To be callous, blistered
(see (jjjuik*).

shughiir, Forbidden by religion ; a
badger ; a jackal ; a cow's hide ; the horn
of an ox ; somewhat.

A jj*a shughur (v.n. of j**>), = j** q.v.

*aa shagha, A branch ; a horn ; hardness,
callosity, or blistering of the hands or
feet ; — shagha bastan, To become hard and
blistered (as the hands from labour, or the
feet from walking).

y****> shugMdan, To be callous, blistered.

a J-Aa shaghil, Much occupied, over-
worked.

u-iA shaf (for shab), Night ; alum.

a uAa shaff (v.n.), Emaciating, making
lean (grief or care) ; — shaff, skiff, Trans-
parent, thin, flimsy ; increase ; gain, profit,
overplus ; loss, decrease, detriment.
_ Ua shafd, Anything lawful ; lawful legi-
timate ; — skifti, skufd, A quiver.

A y* shifa', in P. shifa (v.n. of yW),
Applying a remedy, seeking to cure ; medi-
cine, remedy, cure ; recovery, convalescence ;
— riant 'sh- shifa, A hospital.

a [J^. Ua shifd-baTchsh, Salutary.

a 4>U- \u. shifd-kkdna, A hospital.

jUa, skifdd, Lawful, legitimate (see ^).
lis, shifd-ddrii, The bezoar-stone.

;Vaa shifdr, Blame, reproach (unsupported
by examples).

a 5j^*> skufdrij, A tray upon which sweet-
meats in saucers or flowers are handed
round to a company ; a tray covered with
plates and dishes ; a kind of sweetmeat.
shifdra, A badger, brock.

a yl-j Ua shifd-rasdn, 1*a sMfd-sdz,
Salutary, healthful.

^jjU Ua shifd-sdzi, A cure.

a i£eU& shifd'at (v.n. of £*a), Interceding
for ; deprecation ; intercession, advocacy ;
recommendation ; entreaty; — shifd'at burdan
{kardan), To intercede.

a iuU ««eUa shifd'at-ndma, An interceding,
recommendatory letter.

a ut^cU* shifd'at-hunanda, Interces-
sor.

a w*^a shaffdf, Transparent, very thin,

clear; lustrous; pellucid; — shaffdf mis&ii
dbi kausar, Pellucid like the water of the
river of paradise.

a ^Ut. shaffdfl, Transparency, diaphan-
eity, perspicuity.

<uIaa shaf ana, Name of a large bird; a
lark.

a SjUa shafdvia, Remedy, cure.

a si** shifdh (v.n. 3 of *aa), Conversing
with one, communicating byway of mouth;
(pi. of ski f ah, shafakat), lips.

a ^Ua shifaM, fetn. a*a^a shifdhlyat,
shifdhiya, Oral ; — tabllghdti shifdhiya, Oral
com munications.

a &a ska/at, shifat, A lip (properly of
man only) ; praise, eulogium ; [shifatu 's-
sd'im, The lip of one who fasts (flabby and
parched) ; — bintu 'sh-shifat, The word,
speech; — khafifu 'sh-shifat, Taciturn, ask-
ing few questions ;] — shiffat or shaffat,
(v.n. of oSa), Increasing.

o-4a shaft, Fat, greasy ; coarse, thick ;
unshaved, untrimrned ; low-priced, cheap;
name of a town in Gilan famous for its
china ; a litter ; — shaft, shift. Curved,
crooked, unequal ; — shift, A running of
blood or matter; — shtift, A miser.
shafta, A quiver.

yU4A shaftdlu, gjJUAA shaftdluj, JjJ^i*
shaftdlud, A peach (rough plum) ; a lover's
kiss.

jyiftUiA shaftdhanj, tiSUaUAA shaftdhang, A
perforated plate of steel, through which
ingots of gold or silver are drawn into wire.

usl^^iA shiftarak, A red bramble.

u&jzii. shaftarang, A red peach ; also a
species of large apricot, with a sweet kernel,
having one side red, the other white (a fruit
produced by grafting the Persian almond
upon the Armenian plum).

J**A shaftal CO, Trefoil.

ts£.isAA shaftalang, A red peach (see

.iSljSiA).

^j^a shiftan, To become mad ; to trickle ;
to scratch ; to make drop.

shafta, A ball of thread ; a couch ;
beginning of sunrise ; anything thin and
delicate; — shafta, shitfta, A rod with which
cotton is beaten before it is separated by
the bow ; — shifta, Mad, insane ; distracted
with love ; — shufta, A lath.

<j3oj iU&a shifta-rang, A beautiful species
of peach or apricot (JKSyA*. q.v.).

yjuj^A shiftidan, To drop, run, trickle ;
to cause to drop ; to scratch, wound.

a. jiA sha.fr, shufr, A margin, edge (par-
ticularly of the eye-lids), side of any-
thing.

a s/a shafrat, A bookbinder's or shoe-
maker's knife ; sharpness of a sword ; a
servant; — shufrat, The edge of the eyelid
where the lashes grow.

gjysA shufurdan, To be set free, to escape

(see yOAAA).

( 749 )

ffifjk (?), Name of a town on the Syrian
coast.

shafra, shufra, A large bookbinder's
or shoemaker's knife.

y&Afc shafsh, shufsh, The branch of a tree ;
a long reed, hooked at the end, used by
cotton-dressers; dry dung; a distemper
incident to the fore-feet of horses from
drinking too much water ; a pipe, a flute.

g^fcLii*. shafshdhanj, uSU*^ 4 * shafsha-
hang, A perforated plate of steel through
which gold and silver wire is drawn ; — shaf-
shahang, A carder of cotton ; also his bow
(see also ^L^sAa).

shafshaf, A crooked branch ; the
root of a tree.

shifsha, The yarn-beam of a loom ;
ringlets flowing about the face ; an ingot of
gold ; — shafsha, shifsha, A cotton-dresser's
rod ; a branch, thin, straight, and smooth.

a shaf (v.n.), Making even ; inter-
ceding, advocating ; entreating ; an even
number ; a pair, a couple ; being in foal (a
camel) ; followed by her colt.

A »Uaa shufa'd' (pi. of shaft 1 -), Inter-
cessors ; persons possessed of a right of
pre-emption.

a **aa shuf'at, shufa (v.n. of Wishing
to add a neighbour's estate to one's pos-
sessions ; a neighbouring house or land;
redemption ; — huqqi shufa. Right of pre-
emption in favour of a person whose posses-
sions adjoin to a land offered for sale-

a **aa shufa- gird, A redeemer,

avenger.

a shafaq (v.n.), Compassionating,

pitying, condoling ; the crepuscule, twilight ;
the red glow of dawn or sunset (construed
with rekhtan) ; pity, condolence, kindness,
affection; fear; — -shafaqi shimdli, The north-
ern light, aurora borealis ; — shafaqi gul-
g&n, The ruddy crepuscule, the roseate twi-
light.

a &aa shafaqat (often pronounced shaf-
qat), Compassion, pity, mercy, commisera-
tion, clemency, indulgence, kindness, affec-
tion ; condolence ; favour ; — izhari shafaqat
{ehafqat) namudan, To commiserate, to
condole with.

a ij-tea. shafqat-ndma, A letter of con-
dolence.

a Sji<s- shafaq-jibm, j\j i^aa shafaq-zdr,
ybu-Sii, shafaqistdn, is* shafaq-kada,
(if iJ** shafaq-gun, (met.) Red, ruddy.

a ijSAAi shafaqi, Of or relating to the
evening twilight ; like or resembling the
crepuscule ; red, ruddy.

**m> shafk, Anything bad, worn out,
ruinous ; — shafak, Ignorant, unskilful, silly,
stupid,

Jaa shajal, A camel's hoof.

zhafiaj, Capers,
y^Ui. shufltdan, shifiidan, To whistle (as
pigeon-fancier a when they wish to fly a

pigeon, or as a groom when he wishes a
horse to drink).

a (jAS. ehafn (v.n.), Looking stedfastly
through half-shut eyes ; one who eagerly
expects an inheritance ; — ehafn, shafin,
ehafun. Ingenious, intelligent ; penetrating,
sharp-sighted,

&i**> shufna = tel* q.v. (probably mis-
reading).

a y-iAJ« shifnin, shafnin, A pigeon ; a
turtle-dove.

shafu, Unlawful, forbidden by religion
(see jyw>).

A uw\y^i shafawdt (pi. of shafat), Lips.

uujAa shifvi, A demon in a human form ;
the principle of evil, dhirainan ; a maniac.

.jyiA- shaf ad, What is forbidden by re-
ligion.

sjjAa shufuda, A week.

yiiyta. shufudan, — o*i^*a q.Y.

;j4Ai shvfur, Unlawful (see JjAa) ; a badger
(see «>^a),

a uyL* shufuf (v.n. of i-Aa), Becoming
emaciated ; emaciation.

a cyiA shafun, One who looks askance
with half-shut eyes.

a tsjist shifawi, Labial.

a &aa shifah, A lip.

a (_s94i shifahl, Referring to the lips,
labial ; — hurufi shifahl, The labial letters.

(jjxa^j shafed ddshtan, = safed dash-
tan, q.v. under -i-i-*.

y-Vii shufidan, = q.v.

a.j*m> shafir, Edge, border, extremity.

a j-aa shaft', An advocate, intercessor,
patron ; possessed of a claim of pre-emp-
tion founded on the right of contiguity or
co-partnership ; — shafi'u 'l-'usdt fi 'l-'arasdt,
The intercessor for sinners before the hea-
venly tribunal (Muhammad) ; — shafi'u 'l-
waru, The intercessor for mankind (Muham-
mad) ; — shaji'i jar, The occupant of ground
adjoining another estate ; — shafi'i kfialit,
Occupant of ground intermixed with another
estate (the right of pre-emption being
stronger in the latter than in the former
case).

a U^aa shaf V a, A kind of Persian cha-
racter.

a shafif (v.n. of Scorching or
nipping (with intense cold) ; being thin,
transparent (garment) ; a piercing cold
wind accompanied with rain ; the heat of
the sun ; few, small.

a l j 5 iA shafiq, Merciful, compassionate,
condoling ; affectionate, benevolent ; — akhi
shafiq, An affectionate brother.

yiJLAA shifilidan, To express (juice) ; to
whistle, to make a chirping noise when
watering a horse, to chirp, to twitter (a
bird) ; to listen.

a (JA shaqq (v.n.)< Splitting, tearing ;
cutting (a tooth) ; being difficult, trouble-
some (any work) j remaining open (the eye

( 750 )

of a corpse) ; being separate from one's
people; separating, scattering; throwing
into difficulties, paining, grieving; a fissure,
crack, crevice; a half; day- break, dawn;
[shaqq khymrdan, To be or become split ; —
shaqq zadan (Jcardan), To tear, split, divide ;]
— shiqq, A half ; as much as a beast of bur-
den carries on one side ; a side ; the counter-
part ; a category ; a phrase ; a combination ;
a large division of a country forming a
collectorate ; a brother; a friend; a kind
of demon representing but half of the
human form ; name of a soothsayer of the
time of Kisra ; also of a place near Khai-
bar ; trouble, difficulty ; — m Mr dn shiqq
ddrad, There are two sides to this question,
to* shaqa, A quiver.

A xtoa, shaqa,', shaqa (v.n, of ,J&,), Being
miserable, unhappy ; misery, straits ; in-
solence ; miserable, unfortunate ; — arbdbi
shaqa, Wretches ; insolent fellows.

a. &cMt> shaqdhat, Ugliness ; turpitude,
abomination.

a jto«. ehiqdq (v.n. 3 of Contending,
quarrelling, opposing ; taking one side ;
discord, opposition, hostility ; partiality ;
also = ijftafc and ( j^i t - qq.v.

JiU*. shaqdqul (for JilaJU. q.v.), A
wild carrot ; a species of hartwort ; a kind
of small fish ; — shaqdquli misri, Wild
parsnip.

a U*. ehaqa-maddr, (who hinges on
insolence) Insolent, villainous ; — gurohi
ehaqa-maddr, Swarms of villains.

A &)\z*> shaqdivat, shiqdwat (v.n. of ( j 5i )>
Being wretched and miserable; misery,
wretchedness, unhappiness ; poverty ; dis-
grace ; insolence ; villainy.

a (3*to*. ehuqd'iq (pi. of shaqlqat). Fis-
sures, cracks ; uterine sisters ; the tulip ; — •
shaqd'iqu ' n-nu'mdn, The anemone.

a s-M- shaqb, shiqb, A cleft in a mountain
or rock ; a narrow pass between two hills ;
a cave, cavern, den ; a hollow where birds
build their nests ; low ground on which
water stagnates; — shiqb, shaqab, Name of a
tree whose fruit resembles the lote.

a shiqqat, The half, especially of
anything split or torn the long way ; a chip
of wood ; a rag of cloth, &c. ; — shiqqat,
shuqqat, Inconvenience, trouble, labour,
pains ; — shuqqat, shuqqa, A garment open
in front ; an interval, distance ; a tract of
country ; travel ; — shuqqati shdqqa, A long
and difficult journey ; — shuqqa'i khdss, A
dressing-gown.

a ehiq-ddr, A governor ; an officer

appointed to collect the revenue from a
certain division of land ; difficult, distress-
ing; perplexing.

a ^-la* shiq-ddri, The office of shiqddr ;
uncertainty, perplexity.

a -Vm. shaqz (v.n.) , Departing, going far
off; — shiqz, A young chameleon; — shaqaz

(v.n.), Having a malignant eye; to throw
the evil eye upon ; being sleepless ; — shaqiz,
Sleepless ; possessed of the evil eye.

a ji* shiqar (for shaqir) , The anemone ;
the tulip.

A shiqrdq, shiqarrdq, A green mag-
pie.

A i/* shuqrat (v.n. of j**-), Being of a
deep red (mixed with black).

Qj>4jP& shaqardiyiin (G-. crxopSiov), Water-
germander.

a itoa*. shaqshaqat (v.n. of (3-^), Twit-
tering (a sparrow; roaring (a camel); —
shiqshiqat, shiqshiqa, A substance resem-
bling lights protruding from the mouth of
a stallion camel in heat ; — nil shiqshiqat,
Vehement, sonorous,

a shiqshiql, fem. S-A&i*. shiqshiqiyat,

shiqshiqiya, Kef erring to or produced by
the shiqshiqa (see preceding article) ; —
khutba'i shiqshiqiya, A sermon preached by
All, and interrupted by a member of the
audience asking a question. When begged
by Ibn 'Abbas to continue his address, All
answered, " The shiqshiqa has roared and
subsided," meaning the inspiration of the
moment has gone.

a tjate> shiqs, A particle, part, portion,
share.

A shaq' (v.n.), Drinking, sipping;
blaming, reproaching ; viewing with an
evil eye.

a <J&± shaqaf, An earthen pot, potsherd.
shaqaq, Beating time in music.

a J**> shaql (v.n.), Weighing (money);
lying with a woman.

a y&± shaqn (v.n.), Giving or doing little;
diminishing; — shaqn, shaqin, Little, small,
few.

a shuqii' (v.n. of "to.), Splitting (the
head).

a ^j2*> shuqur, Anything necessary to be
done ; an important matter.

a j^a* shuquq (pi. of shaqq), Fissures,
rents, crevices, chinks.

is*« shaqa, A hardness in the hand or foot
from working or walking, a callosity (see
jH. and ***>).

a shiqqa, Cleaving in two (a mode of
capital punishment) ; — shuqqa, (lit. a piece,
from shaqq) A royal order, a letter, espe-
cially from a superior. (See also &a.)

m.&te. shaqa-band, A kind of horse-
armour.

a (jS 2 * sMtqqahi, A curtain,

a ^fi*> shaql, Poor, miserable, wretched ;
insolent ; villainous, vicious.

a shaqih, Weak after disease ; de-
formed, ugly.

a ya»M> shaqls, A partner ; a fleet horse ;
a little remaining of a great deal.

a <-Ai2* shaqif, Name of four places.

a shaqlq, Split or halved ; one half ;
a brother uterine ; a strong calf.

^ ( 751

a £2«2»i shaqlqat, A fissure, crack, crevice,
notch ; one side of the head, temple ; pain
seizing one half of the head or face, megrim ;
rain or lightniDg (as cleaving the clouds) ;
a pass between two mountains producing
grass ; a kind of bird ; a uterine sister ;
name of the grandmother of Nu'man bin
Munzir.

<si* shak, A magpie ; — shuk, Arsenic.

A usl* shakh, in P. mostly shak (v.n.),
Doubting, suspecting ; doubt, suspicion ;
vacillation; incredulity, scepticism; scandal;
limping ; adhering to, cleaving to ; arsenic,
rats-bane ; — shakk namudan, To doubt, to
suspect.

A shake? , shakat, Complaining ;
complaint.

i£»> shukfi, A roebuck (see ; — shuka'i
mdda, A doe.

jVSa shikar, Prey, game ; the chase, hunt-
ing ; plunder, booty, pillage, rapine, spoil ;
perquisites ; (in comp.) hunting, seizing, as
jan-shikar " a ravisher of hearts " (see
also^» ; — shikar ghudan, To be taken
captive, to be seized ; — shikar zadan, To
kill game ; — shikar karclan, ba-shihlr raftan,
To hunt, to take for a hunt (m.c).

A£», shikdr-afgan, shikdr-
anddz, A hunter.

g^fe 1 ) shikar ■-ahanj, A wooden instru-
ment for polishing ; a stick with an iron
hook used by bakers, &c, to take the bread
from the oven.

jl; jVXa, shikdr-bdz, A sportsman.

jl&a. shikar-band, Cords for tying game
to a saddle.

iSf*. shikdr-jargah, Hunting game

by surrounding it with a large circJe of
men holding each other's hands.

t jj^lXa, shikdrji, ^^j^* shikdrchi, A
huntsman, a game-keeper (m.c).

&>U- shikdr-kjidna, Animals of the

chase offered to a guest ; a hunting-hut; a
hunting-box.

<sij*i shikar qamargha (&\%y*i qamar-
gdh), iSf? q.v.

yb^SXa. shikarietan, A hunting-ground,
a chase.

^US shikar-kundn (saaaS' kunanda),

Hunting.

slfjiXa. shikdr-gdh, A hunting-country ; a
hunting-ground.

yf,\.SCi. shikdrgar glr), A hunter.

^IX*. shikari, Anything belonging to
hunting (as dogs, hawks, or horses) ; a
hunter, fowler ; a bird or beast of prey ;
game, prey ; — sagi shikari, A hunting-dog,
a hound.

yjj^lXs, shikdrldan, To hunt.

A shakdsat, Depravity of nature ;

moroseness, crab bines s.

shikdsa, A porcupine (probably
misreading for a~A£~ q.v.).

usXiAJCfc shakdshak, Noise of feet in walking.

)

shikdf, A fissure, crack, slit, crevice,
rupture, split, cleft in a mountain ; a cavern ;
a hank of silk ; (in comp.) tearing, split-
ting, cleaving, breaking, bursting, dividing;
— ustddi mu-shikdf, A master of hair-split-
ting, i.e. a subtle [reasoner ; — ndjakhi (nd-
chakhi) tezi 'iimr- shikdf, The sharp hatchet
severing (the thread of) life, i.e. death.

^^JUIXa, shikaj "anidan, To cause to split.

^S^iliA shikdftagi, A fracture, fissure.

^xiKi, shikdftan, To split, break, tear,
destroy ; to divide into two long strips ; to
mediate between buyer and seller ; to be
torn, lacerated, defaced, destroyed.

<LJl£a. shikdfta, Split ; a box, pyx ; cholic.

yU— skikdjistdn, Abounding in fissures,
&c.

(ji»lViA shikdfish, A cleaving ; cleft, fissure.

Ail&h shikdf a, Bow of violin ; a cradle.

yj &i\.£& shikdf a-zan, A player on the
violin ; a musician.

yjiJlis, shikdfldan, To tear lengthwise.

JISa shilcdl, A cord for tying the fore-feet
of an unruly mule or horse ; cunning, de-
ceit ; a jackal.

a J^a shikdl, A horse-tether oE goats'
hair ; a surcingle of a camel's saddle ; (a
horse) having three legs white, the other of
the colour of the body, or vice versa; re-
semblance, conformity.

shikdlish, Thought, care ; roguery.

»Vi" J\£i> sMkal-gah, The pastern of a
quadruped.

&J\.<& shikdla, A hedgehog, urchin; —
shikdla'i zar, A particle of gold.

^jjtJVii shikdlidan, To think, to deceive.

(2^*1 shikan. Rupture, breach ; a curling
lock of hair; a wrinkle, plait; a knot, tie,
twist ; broken ; curly.

csAjKai shakdnak, Crop of a bird.

A SjVSjb shakawat (v.n. of Lament-
ing, complaining ; complaint.

jjjl.£a. shakdwand, Name of a mountain.

iMASLb shikdwanda, A digger, delver, borer.
shikdvna, shikdwana, A digger ; one
who digs up dead bodies for the grave-
clothes.

a shikdyat (v.n. of <^*), Lament-
ing, complaining, explaining the cause of
any complaint or ailment ; accusation ; con-
strued with the verbs burdan, ddshtan,
rekhtan, zadan, kardan, &c. ; — az dasti fuldn
ba-shikdyat dmadan, To put a complaint
against (m.c).

a <5»s~>> <-~j\£& shikdyat-pesha, <^~i\£*
shikdyat-kundn, shikdyat-gustar,
u^o.IjCa shikdyatmand, Given to com-
plaining, querulous.

L£a shiJcpd, Crabbed, austere.

shak-puy, The noise of one walking
softly; one who walks softly; snoring.

A Ji^a shakd (v.n.), G-iving, presenting; —
shukd, A present ; thanks, thanksgiving.

a shah; Pudenda inulieris ; coition ;

( 752 ) jS^b.

— shukr (v.n.), Returning thanks (to God),
praising Him (construed with ddshtan,
kardan, guzardan, guftan, <fcc.) ; conferring
fa-roars (God) ; praise, thanksgiving, grati-
tude ; recompense, reward, favour, benefit ;
[shnkri Udhi (ezid, khudd). Thanks to God ;
— thukri khidmal, An acknowledgment of
service ; — shukri ni'mat, Acknowledgment of
favours or benefits received (opp. to kufri
ni'mat q.v. under y£) ;] — shakar, Being full
of milk (udders) ; producing saplings grow-
ing around the base (a tree).

jf£* shakar, shakkar, Sugar; sweet words;
the lip of a mistress ; a black bee ; name of
a woman whom Khusrau married against
the will of Shirin ; (construed with the
verbs bastan, khd'idan, Mmurdan, shikastan,
and noskidan ;) [ehakari khdm. Pure sugar ;
— shakar dar ekir kardan, To commit fraud,
to cheat ; — skakari safed, Lump sugar, fresh
sugar ; — shdkari surb, Acetate of lead ; —
shahari mdzandardn, Moist sugar ; cask
sugar; — thakar u shir budan (kardan), (met.)
To be thoroughly mixed or blended ; —
shakari 'aqlq - rang (cornelian - coloured
sugar), The lip of a mistress; — shakar
u qand shikastan. To speak blandly; — dar
shakar-bezi budan, To weep from joy ; — gtd
ba shakar, Conserve of roses ;] — shikar, The
chase, game ; a hunter ; one who routs or
puts to flight ; — shikkar, A porcupine.

j** shakar-db, Sugar- water; a little
falling out, or a coolness betwixt friends, a
tiff.

^Lfcrt j£± shakar-afshdni, Sweet speech.

ye*S j£a shakar-dmez, Mixed with sugar.
St, ekakar-andd, Glaced with sugar.

A t)\r** shukrdn (v.n. of j^), Returning
thanks for favours received ; gratitude, ac-
knowledgment, grateful.

a t^V** shtikrdnagl, Gratitude, thank-
fulness.

a\j£* shakardtm, vulg. shakrdna, A dish
consisting of boiled rice, ghi and sugar.

a shukrdna, Gratitude, thanks-

giving ; a fee paid by plaintiff or defendant
on the cause being decided in his favour.

a &srtj£»> shnkraniyat. Gratitude ; — sku-
krdniyaii khalisa, Sincere gratitude.

yt^jb* shakar- dwez, Anything delightful
or pleasant; the loose end of the turban,
especially of the Maulavi dervishes.

(.WW yC*. Bhakar-baddm, Sugared almonds ;
Dried apiicots stuffed with almonds; the
eye and lip of a mistress.

jW j£*> ghakar-bar, Raining sweetness,
mellifluous.

liS/ shakar-barg, A sweetmeat made
of almonds and sugar ; a large pair of com-
passes made of sugaT.

ijt jSa shaJcar-bara, shakar-bura,
bvrn,, Ij<a bira, or bind). Cake stuffed
with sugar-candy, almonds, and pistachio-
nuts.

*» ^* shakar-bih, A sweet kind of quince.

V* J** shakar-para, A lump of sugar.

a shakar-pdsukh, One who gives

a gentle reply.

cS^i 7** shak-ar-pdy, Lame.

a }^' i ji^ A shvkr-parddz, Giving thanks.

shakar-panir, A sweet kind of
cheese (such as the French call creme
Chevalier).

v^*Ji .r** shakar-pogh, Covered or glaced
with sugar.

get ^* shakar-pech, Paper to wrap sugar

in.

t ls*-/^ shakarji, A confectioner.
uH' shakar-chath, A model, sample,
pattern.

tW? - j^a shakar -chili. Gathering sugar;
one who collects whatever is thrown about
at a festivity.

a <*Jjc shakar-harf. Sweet-spoken.

jU. ,£a> shahar-khdr. Name of a thorny
tree called gharqad.

A>U. ^a. ghakar-khdna, A place where
sugar is made; a structure of confitures
piled up on a tray.

ts^-j** shakar-khdy, Chewing sugar.

j£a shchir-khand (tja&. k^anda), A
smiling sweetly, speaking gently with a
smile of love ; gracious, delicate, attractive,
charming, amiable.

j^^Sa shakar-khwdr (}J^khpdra), Sugar-
eater.

*^4ji shakar-khwdb, A sweet sleep; a.
morning-doze,
jji jSj. shakar-kkwur, — q.v.
>**- j^* ghakar-Jthez, Producing sugar.

shikar ad (3rd sing., aoi\ of shikar-
dan, He hunts, catches, seizes ; he remedies.
(vjtayCa, shakar-ddn, A sugar- basiu.

yCfc shakar-dukht, A sweet girl or
daughter.

g-ij£* shikardan, To hunt ; to catch,
seize ; to break ; (met.) to apply a remedy,
to cure ; — shukurdan. To kill ; to die
(doubtful).

gjj£», shakurda. Active, quick, dexterous.
j£& shakar-dahdn, Sweet-spoken.

yjoujSJb ghikardldan, To hunt ; to put to
flight ; to break.

<s£ij jOjl ghakar-rang , Of the colour of
sugar, greyish white.

yt } shakar-rez, Who scatters sugar;
mellifluous ; a maker of sugar-confec-
tionery ; money or other things thrown
about at weddings ; presents sent from the
bridegroom's house to that of the bride;
sweet or elegant language -, poetry ; sing-
ing or talking ; good-natured, jocose ; tears
of joy ; the lip of a mistress; — shakar-reni
tarab, Tears of joy.

jjjj jjU. shal-ar-reza, March-pane.

^gfo j&t* shakar-rezt, Sweet discourse ;
tears of joy.

j\j j£a shakar-zur, Abounding in sugar.

( 753 ) ^S*>

<3^J ^ shakar-zaban, Sweet-spoken.

A*tj ySii, shgJcar-zakhama, An arrow hit-
ting the mark.

yL. j£& shakar-san, Honey in the comb.

<;}U«j£& shakaristdn, A sugar-refinery;
a plantation of sugar-canes ; a sugar-chest.
^ a gU~. j£& shakar-samd', Sweet- voiced,
singing sweetly.

shakar-sang, A stone which stops
hemorrhages.

jV» shakar-sawdr, Of elegant gait and
motions, graceful in one's ways.

t£j£*> shakrish, A bad name, ill-fame.

y U shakar-shdn, shahar-shaJi,
Honey in the comb (see yU ; Sa).

shakar-shikan, Sweetly- spoken.
j£a. shakar-farosh, A sugar-mer-
chant ; a mistress.

(jjlii ghakar-fishdn, Scattering sugar.

!Aiij£k shikarfanda, Stumbling; ahorse
apt to stumble.

yx^is, shikarfidan, shakarfidan, To trip,
stumble.

a ;^*" shalcar-qalam, A sweet pen, an
agreeable writer ; a sort of sweetmeat.
<j&~L+i ghakar-qamish, The sugar-cane.
a } £a> shakar-qand, Sweet potatoes ;
sugar-candy.
•^j£*> shakarak, Name of a fruit.
_>Uf shukr-guzdr, Grateful, thankful.

ghukr-guzdri, Thanksgiving.
f> shakar-gar, A confectioner.
jUAS^ii. shakar-guftar, Sweet-spoken,
s-J shakar-lab, Sugar-lipped ; a mis-
tress; hare-lipped.

*^&J } £a shakar-lang, Who limps in walk-
ing.

a JUrf^ii shaJcar-maqal, Sweet-spoken.
shakrang, A sort of sweetmeat.
shakarwada, shakarwuda, Nimble.

'jSa shikara, Bapacious birds trained to
hunt; vulva.

gifc^^A shakarhanj, A kind of thorn.

iSj&> shakarl, A kind of Plialsa so called
(Grewia asiatica) ; red, reddish yellow;
(for shakarin) sugary.

yjo^Xi, shikndan, To hunt; to rout an
enemy.

(j^JU. shakarin. Sugary, saccharine.

shakarlna, A confection, especially
white and hard, made of the root 'aslaj
boiled long with wine and sugar.

A shake (v.n.), Poking or pinching
with the finger ; stabbing with the tongue ;
piercing with a lance ; a dig, stab, thrust ;
coition.

a. shake, One or two days before the
new moon ; — shakis, A miser ; — shakus,
Harsh, ill-tempered.

shikast, He broke ; a fracture ; the
sound of anything broken ; defeat, route ;
deficiency, loss ; shame, modesty ; dislike,
antipathy ; warmth, indignation ; an eating
and evacuation ; broken ; impaired j odd, /

uneven ; — shiJeasti bazar, Unsaleable goods ;
— shikast khwurdan (yd/tan), To be de-
feated ; — shikast dddan (Jcardan), To de-
feat ; — shikasti fdhith, A shameful defeat ;
— shikasti kdr, Unprofitable work ; — diU
shikast u himmat-past, Broken-hearted and
low-spirited. (The word is also construed
with the verbs uft&dan, qfgandan,- amadan,
dwardan, bdlidan, ddehtan and kasMdan.)
is~~£A shikast-pazir, Fragile, brittJe.
*4)f~ «^~«X* gkikast-Mpwrda, Broken off ;
defeated, routed.

^£j~.Zjk «hihastagi, Fracture, rupture;
grief, sadness, affliction; infirmity, sick-
ness ; defeat, rout ; — dil-shika&tagi, Broken-
heartedness.

« — shikast mikast, Trifles.
t>i~&a« shikastan (imp. shikan) To break
(trans, andintrans.) ; to defeat (an enemy) ;
to turn away the face ; to be rough and
severe ; to torture ; to disturb ; to be dis-
turbed, agitated, angry ; to eat, chew ; to
be broken, split, opened ; to be covered
with shame ; to fold, to bend, to curl ; to
restrain ; to suppress, to keep back (as
tears, &c.) ; — andar-shikasian. To compose
(a book, see ; — bar-shikustan, = shikas-
tan (see also y , p. 175) ; — ba-ham
dar-shikastan, To mix together ; — dar ham
shikastan, = shikastan ; — nan shikastan, To
break one's bread, i.e. to eat it, to enjoy his
hospitality. (See also jJ, p. 512.)

va~-X» j shikast umikast, He broke

(it) awhile ago.

shikasta, Broken ; discomfited,
routed ; reduced to straits ; ashamed, peni-
tent ; proud ; weak ; sick, wounded ; the
broken or current Persian hand, in which
letters in India are generally written ; name
of an ancient fort in Persia; — shikasta
shudan, To be broken ; to be distressed ; to
be diminished ; to become less rigid or in-
tense ; — bdadri shikasta, Spoiled, worthless,
unsaleable goods ; — baRhti shikasta, Broken
fortunes ; (rarely) good luck ; — sukAuni
(guftdri) shikasta, Hesitating speech.

jijW &x~Xa> shikasta-bdzu (JW bat), With a
broken arm (wing).

a jli < te ~.. < & shikasta-bal, Broken-hearted,
distressed in mind, melancholy.

ix_^j shikasta-basta, (broken and

tied) Fast and loose, a mixture of bad and
good ; vile, worthless, contemptible.

joj shikasta-band, A binder of

broken bones ; a mender of broken vessels ;
a swath, bandage.

b shikasta-pd, Broken - footed,

weak.

sLi ix— £a shikasta-pandh, Who offers a
refuge to the distressed.

a Ji*?. to — £*■ shikasta-ja'd, With di-
shevelled curls.

a JU. shikasta-hdl, Indigent, dis-

tressed.

^-X&i (

a (jSW &x~.£ai shikasta-hdli, Indigence, dis-
tress.

a jtU. shikasta-kh&tir, and —

J j <tt~_£4. sMkasta-dil, Broken-hearted,
afflicted ; offended.

yjj <U„£a. shikasta - dilan, The poor,
wretched.

<^x-^& shikasta-dili, Broken-hearted-
ness, distress, affliction.

shikasia-rangl, Altered colour
from affliction ; distrees, affliction.

O^j shikasta-zabdn, A stammerer,

qU$ &j~Sj* shikasta-gumdn, Contrary,
adverse, dissentient.

a $\y &.~&> shikasta-mizdj, Sick, ailing ;
broken down in health.

a shikasta-wa'da, Faithless.

tei 1 ^ ut~~£& shikast-ydfta, Routed, de-
feated.

mA-iX*. shakshak, Sound of feet in walk-
ing.

ut.4i*i shikaft, A cave or grotto ; crooked;
twisted ; uneven ; — shikift, He wondered ;
anything wonderful ; admiration, surprise ;
[btiyad shikift, It is admirable ;] — shikuft,
A prodigy; magnificence ; dignity, autho-
rity, gravity ; opening, expanding ; — shu-
kuft, It expanded or flourished ; a miracle ;
reverence, awe, fear.

jjjwJUiii. tshikaftdmdan, To cause to be
cleft.

shikaftan, To crook, twist, make
uneven ; to be cleft ; to exercise patience ;
— shikiftan, To look with wonder; to be
amazed, surprised ; — shikuftan, To open,
expand (as a flower) ; to smile.

i^iis. shikufta, Flourishing, florid, ex-
panded ; — guli shikufta, A new-blown rose.

yXtjJtZA. shikiftldan, To wonder, be
amazed.

shikufa, Blossoms of a fruit-tree.

yj-jiSA shikujldan, To blow (as a flower).

ts&fc shakak, A kind of guitar ; a round
prickly thorn ; the noise made by the feet
in walking.

JV££a. shikkdl, " The greatest (or " most
ancient," mihtarin) king of India" (?).

a shahl (v.n.), Fettering (a horse) ;
girthing a camel (see J^a) ; anything suit-
able, becoming ; resemblance, likeness ;
figure, form, shape ; effigy, semblance,
image ; mien, face, appearance, mode, spe-
cies, manner; diagram, proposition; in-
serting the vowel-points and diacritical
Bigns ; a poetical license changing fd'ildtun

( — ) into faHldtu (-— ' — by

dropping the first and seventh consonant ;
construed with the verbs bdfta.n, kardan,
kashldan, nihddan, <fec. ; [shakli hinidri
('arus, rntimunj), Names of certain geometri-
cal figures ; — shakli tarbV, A square figure ;
— shakli dawdrl, A circular figure ; — shakli
tnisdli, A model, pattern, example ; — shakli
mutawdzi, A parallel figure ; — shakli mujag'

754 ) ^

sam, A solid body ; — shakli nazari, A the-
orem ;] — shakl, shikl, The graceful airB, or
blandishments of women; — shakal (v.n.),
Having whitish thighs (a sheep) ; having
the white intermixed with red (eyes) ; name
of the father of a tribe.

a shuklat, A mixture of red and
black ; intermixture of the white of the
eye with red ;- — shakilat, shakila, A coquette.
oJjS utU&i shaklak kardan, To pout (ra.c).
a J£*> shakl-nawis, A portrait-

painter.

shikla, Part of a garment torn off by
adhering to anything; — shikla, shakla, A
piece, segment, slice, cut.

CjjJX*. shiklidan, To tear ; to be torn,
split ; to disturb (see t>J>*JXi} p. 189, and
yj^JXij p. 253).

A shakm (v.n.), Recompensing, re-
turning one present for another ; — shukm,
Recompense, retribution.

t>£& shikam, The belly, paunch, stomach ;
fat tripe ; — shikam as 'am bar-dwar, Eat
your fill after mourning (a phrase addressed
to hungry mourning women after a fune-
ral) ; — shikam anddkhtan, To become big
(from pregnancy) ; to miscarry (pregnant
women) ; — shikam ba-db zan, Practice of
villainy; giving or taking excessively; —
shikam bdz kardan, To loosen one's gar-
ments (after eating much) ; — shikam bar-
dmad, The belly grows big (from preg-
nancy) ; — shikam bar pusht chaspad, The
belly sticks to the back, i.e. a person is
exceedingly emaciated ; — shikam bar zamin
nihddan, To lie down on the belly (said of
ahorse, &c.) ; — shikam chdr-pahlu kardan,
To guttle till one is ready to burst ; — shi-
kam khdridan, To feign, pretend ; — shikam
ddshtan, To be pregnant ; — shikam dar
khvoesh duzdtdan, shikam duzdtdan az, Not
to reach maturity ; — shikami ran, Inside of
the thigh ; — shikami kaf, Palm of the hand ;
— shikam giriftan,To grow stout, to become
big ; — shikam ndfi sufra kardan, To eat
to bursting; — bddi shikam, Wind in the
bowels, flatulency ; — ba-shikam raftan, To
go on the belly, to crawl as an insect; —
dardi shikam, Pain in the belly, gripes ; —
dar shikam ddshtan, To have ready, or pre-
pared.

6ouj f,4jb> shikam -banda, A slave to his
belly, an epicure ; a servant who works for
his board.

<j-*£a> shikamba, Belly, stomach, tripe.
5,b f£a> shikam-pdra, (in medical books)
Seed of flea-wort.

^JU. shikam-parast, A pamperer of
his belly, an epicure, a glutton.
^jS-ji ^sUi shikam-parasti, Gluttony.

^S.*. shikam -parwar, A sensualist, epi-
cure.

shikam-pech, A twisting of the

guts.

( 755 )

pSJb. shikam-hhivar, ij\f£> shikam-
kjtwdra, A glutton ; hungry.

(jS^ji. ffj* shikam.'MlW'iragi, Gluttony.

^jlyi. sMkam-jcJiwdr'i, Hunger.

jVuA*, gMkwm-dwr, Big-bellied, paunchy.

jjj shiham-dard, Belly-ache, gripes.

JWojjj shikam-dardmand, Griped.

y\j f£*> shikam-rdn, Purgative (medi-
cine).

^S^aa shikam-rav ( <J>)j ramsh), A diarrhoea;
looseness of the bowels.

<u_£*, shikam-shihasta, A complaint
from indigestion ; a rumbling noise in the
bowels.

^^jS shikam - giriftagi, Costive-

ness.

toif j*S& shikam- girifta, Constipated,
costive.

ijjS p&b, shikam-guiida, Paunch-bellied
(m.c).

ijtSjt. sMkami, Skin of the belly; big-
bellied ; a glutton.

shikan, A fold, wrinkle, curl ; defeat,
rout, and flight of an army ; turning away
the face ; warmth, vehemence ; moroseness ;
roughness, severity ; mildness, gentleness ;
fraud, deceit, cunning ; eating ; mastica-
tion ; a beating of time in music ; a catch,
glee, Bong ; (imp. of shikastan, in comp.)
breaking; shrinking, shrivelling, con-
stringing; [shikani jama, A fold in a gar-
ment; — shikani zulf, A curl; — shikanhd-'i
kam, The wrinkles in the roof of the
mouth ; — bad-shikan, A carminative ; —
dushman-shikan, A conqueror of enemies;
— taqat-shik-an, Breaking the streu gth, ren-
dering powerless ;]— shikin, shakn, Name of
a country.

s-^A shika-mb, The belly.

shikarriba, \f\ s-^*> shikamb-abd,
\ } \ 4_v^& shikwmb-aw&, \> shikamb-wd,
Tripe-broth.

shikarriba. The tripe ; — shikamba
bar sar kashtdan, To disembowel.

shikanj, A ply, fold, a wrinkle, a
crease ; the twisting or coiling of a rope ;
a knot ; confusion, intricacy, twisting ; a
red serpent ; fraud, deceit ; a beating of
time in music; Bound, tune, musical me-
lody; torture, rack; a fragment; a brick-
bat ; an eruption of the body ; — shikunj, A
plucking, pinch.

shikanjad, A bookbinder's press ;
(3rd sing. aor. of shikanjidan) he presses,
&c.

Aj^&j. shikanja, Pain, torture ; rack ;
stocks ; a bookbinder's press ; — shikanja
kardan, To punish, to torture with the rack ;
—shikanja kashtdan, To be tortured, suffer
torment.

^s^Sa shikanjidan, To put to the rack ;
to put in a press ; to bind (a book).
shakand, shikand, Mud-worms.
} W shikan-ddr, Wrinkled.

p\£ 6.u£4, shikanda-kdm, Disappointed in
one's wishes, frustrated, powerless.

y,£s. shikan-kdri, To talk idly ; to be
disgraced, put to shame, calumniated.

lUi*. shikanu, An amorous glance ; a por-
cupine.

^jiiit shikane, A fracture ; a putting to
flight, routing ; — shikinl, Belonging to the
country Shikin.

a shakw (v.n.), Complaining.

a &*\s shakwd-ndma, Letters of com-
plaint or condolence.

v^ 4 " shukub, A napkin ; a turban.

a. shakwat, shaJewa, Complaint ; —
shakwa namitdan, To complain, to put in a
complaint.

tfyCa. shakusd, Dodder,

shukukh, slidktikh, A slip, stumble,

fall.

^•UAyZt. shikukhandagi, A stumble.

ts^-jM, shikukhanda, shukukjianda, Stum-
bling, tripping ; alarmed.

shv.lyi'kha, A slip, tumble.

(jfjus-^a. shukukhidagt, A stumble.

y.i-i.yU. shukukhidan, shakiikhidan, shi-
Mkhldan, To stumble and recover oneself ;
to fear, to be alarmed.

a jjS*" shakur, Grateful ; one of the names
of God ; satisfied with little, and yet
thriving (cattle) ; — shukur (v.n.), Returning
thanks (to God) ; praising Him for His
benefits.

jji* shukur, An animal which roots up
and eats dead bodies.

s_»)&> shukuf, A cleft, fissure ; (imp. of
shukufidan, in comp.) breaking, cleaving.

Ujifc shukufd, Flourishing.

^jjiji*. shukuftan, To open, blow, blos-
som ; to wonder.

ehukufta, Open, blown.

i&i±j£& shikufanda, Cleaving, notching.
shikufa, Blossom of fruit-bearing
trees ; vomit ; vulva ; — shikufa. bastan (fcar-
dan, kashldan), To put forth blossoms; —
shikufa'i sari kudak, A disease causing the
hair and eye-lashes to drop oif ; — shikufa'i
sang, A bloom which grows on certain
stones, and is used medicinally ; — shikufa'i
mis, The efflorescence of molten brass.

aSii ehihufa-rang, (met.) White.

f\- } shikufa-zar, A garden in bloom.

shvkiijidan, To blow, bloom,
flourish ; to open ; to notch ; to break ; to
put to flight.

a shakuk, A camel of the fatness of
whose bunch a doubt is entertained on
account of its hairiness ; very doubtful or
suspicious ; — shukfik (pi. of shakk), Doubts ;
suspicions.

JjSa shukvl, Celerity, agility, prompti-
tude.

a Jj<*> shukUl (pi. of shakl), Figures,
forms.

shukula, A hard, full nut.

( 756 )

g.x-sJj&i shukolldan, To disturb, mix, con-
found.

shukiina, Inverted, turned upside

down.

SjSU. shikuh, Fear, terror ; — shukoh, Ma-
jesty, magnificence, dignity, grandeur,
power ; train, pomp, attendance ; gravity,
reverence ; a small town.

a lijifc shakwa, see A.

QjbjiUyC*. shukohanidan, To carry oneself
with gravity.

•u*-»j£& shukohmand, Grave.

^^♦jajii. shukohmandl, Decorum.

osJUs^w, shukohndk, Magnificent ; elegant,
handsome.

g^fcji* uhikohanj, A certain triangular
tborn.

^A^fe^a. shiktihandagi, Fear ; a slip,
slide, fall ; the stumbling or tripping of a
horse ; — shukokandagi, Magnificence, respec-
tability, display ; attentiveness.

sju&jSji, shikiihanda, Fearful, timid ; —
shukohanda, Great ; decorating, adorning ;
a listener.

<5j6j£*> shukoha, Beauty, gracefulness, or-
nament, elegance ; austerity, gravity ; mag-
nificence ; a kind of thistle.

(vjj^jis, skikutedan, To fear, to be terror-
struck ; — shukohldan, To be grave, vene-
rable ; to be elegant ; to listen and yield
obedience.

ao^Ajia. shihuhlda, Terrified ; a stumbling
horse ; — ehukoMda, Distinguished for gra-
vity and stateliness ; attentive to another's
words; adorned.

a Jsj 5 -* shakwa (v.n. of ^i*), Lamenting,
complaining; a complaint, disease, dis-
temper.

a shakwd-mand (mJlf ndk). Full

of complaint.

a (j**^ i^s)^ shakwd-mundi naM),
Fulness of complaint.

shaka, The sound of feet in walking ;
— shakka, Dung; — &MJcu7i, Majesty, gra-
vity ; elegance, beauty ; ornament, decora-
tion.

shukuhmand, ^Jo+gXA. shukuh-
mandi, ~ ±^£>y&* , ^Ai^^i q.v.

yA^is, shikihidan. To be agitated,
grieved.

a i _ s £& shakki, Doubtful ; (for shakkly) ,
Habitually complaining, querulous ; lamen-
table ; indisposed, slightly ailing.

a s\y ^^•shakkl-misdj, Undetermined, wa-
vering, hesitating.

h-*?&> shikeb, Patience ; patient ; imp. of
$ hikcbidan.

shikebd, Extremely patient.

^.i^L-jSa shikebdntdan, To exhort to
patience ; to render patient.

^fL-SLa. shikebd'i, Long-suffering, tolera-
tion, patience.

yj^L-jSUi shikebdyidan, To be patient, to
bear patiently.

i&t^&t, shikebanda, Patient, long-suffer,
ing.

shikebidan, To be patient.
ehaklr, A sort of peach.
a ^*i*> shakir, Bark of a tree ; a sapling
growing round about the root of a large
tree ; hairs on the pubes.

shakish, A sack, bag made of

reeds.

u: shikeft, Wonder ; patience, endu-
rance.

shikeftan, To wonder ; to be pa-
tient ; to content oneself.

J*£* shikil, A horse-tether of goats-hair ;
fraud, deceit, stratagem ; the chain by
which the knife or dagger hangs to the
girdle (the Persians in general stick it
loose into the girdle itself) ; the bars or
spars of wood which keep the different
parts of a gate together • name of a tree ;
(by Imalah for shikdl instead of ishkdl)
doubt, difficulty (see J^SW ighMl).

x shaJcimat, Bit of the bridle ; the

ear or handle of a pot ; natural disposition,
nature.

shakina, A large oblong jar in
which grain is kept ; a goad (in this mean-
ing probably a misreading for 1- v -)-
ghagd, shugd, A quiver.
shag dd, shigdd, Eustam's brother.
j&t, shagdr, A jackal ; — shigdr, Anything
eatable; — shuqar, A coal.

jl&s. ehigdr-dhanj, A wooden instru-
ment with an iron hook, used by bakers in
drawing anything out of ovens.

J^* ehagdl, A jackal; — shigal, A deep
channel excavated by a torrent ; fetters for
a horse ; — shug&l, Charcoal ; the cud.

shigalish, = q.v., p. 690.

iJl&ji s?iagdh, All, the whole,
yuj^a, shigdlidan, = yJ^VSL. q.v., p. 690.
yJ\£& shugdliv, Dressed on the coals.
u'&a, shagdna, Bow of a violin ; a cradle.

skagdwand, £Tame of a mountain.
iASa skagdh, A quiver.
<j%£*> shagpuy, Noise of the feet in walk-
ing.

fi*> shigar, shugar, A porcupine, hedge-
hog.

vJ. ; Sa shigarf, shagarf, Eare, fine, good,
beautiful, excellent, glorious ; great, vene-
rable, respectable, generous ; amiable,
acceptable ; strong, thick ; robust, vigor-
ous ; boiled ; laxative, aperient ; suppura-
tive ; a good, brave, magnificent man ;
wonder.

^j&i shigarf i. Beauty, elegance, excel-
lence.

yjuUSii sigufdndan (caus. of shiguftdan),
To cause to blossom.

k*-«4&s» shigift, shiguft, Wonder, astonish-
ment.

yJiaSbASj. tikigufidmda'n{csi\\s. of shiguftan),
To cause to blossom.

( 757 )

shiguftagl, State of flourishing.
t>**£* shigiftan, To have patience ; to be
amazed, astonished ; — ehiguftan, To blossom,
blow.

shigufta, Blossomed, blown,
jtii <ua£ai shigufta-hhdtir, Happy-minded.
iy <Jjd£4i shigufta-ru, Of placid counte-
nance.

(^jJASa shigifie, A wonder, an astonishing
thing; — shigifti, Wonderful, admirable,
astonishing ; in a wonderful manner.

t^Xgxi&A shigiftidan, To be amazed, as-
tonied.

ekigufa, = Ai^&fc q.v.
y^siSli. shigifidan, To be astonished ; —
ihigyfidan, To bloom, to blossom.

J&> shigil, A tether for a borse or a
mule ; a string tied round a sparrow's leg.
skwgun (for ehugtiri), An auspicious

omen.

shugwm, A diviner, augur (see

jtjSA shugwdr, Sad, mourning.

i^siijSA shiguftan, To ad mire; to flourish,
open, bud, expand as a flower.

iifijb. shigufa, A flower, blossom ; —
shigufa'i sari h'Udak, A disease which
causes the hair or eyelashes to drop off ; —
shigufa hardan, To expand, blow, or flourish.

ii^Ht, ihugula, A nut hard to crack.

yfijh ehugun, A good omen ; augury,
presage.

MjSjb. shwguna, Inverted, topsy-turvy,
shaguniya, A diviner, augur.

Ja. shal, One who can take nothing in his
hands, as being disjointed, paralytic, or
stiff (see A. Ja> below) ; a kind of thin,
coloured leather, used in lining boots, and
in giving a finish to a saddle ; the thigh of
a man; name of a town in the district of
Mukan ; [ehali dast, Palsied in the bands ;]
— Ml, A spear, javelin, h albert; trident,
fizgig, harpoon ; — shil, shul, A sort of
quince ; — ahul, Soft, languid ; loose ;— shul
hardan, To let loose, to let go (m.c.).

a J*, shall (v.n.), Driving (camels) ; sew-
ing, basting ; drying (clothes) ; being
dried up, withered (the hand).

a *^4> shall a? (fern, of ashall), A withered
hand; (a woman) with a withered or
paralytic hand.

a skalaq, Impudent, seditious ; flagel-
lation ; a stick, whip, scourge (construed
with khteurdan and zadan).

a J^*> shildl, Dispersed men.

(^siSU tihalayin, Disgustingly importu-
nate.

^j-U ghatyuy, Noise of feet in walking.

t (jbiii shiltaq, Injustice, violence; a
dispute with one upon false grounds, accu-
sation, litigation ; a tumult.

csJjsl* shaltok, Rice still in the husk.

tgjVS islyd*. shaltok-lcarl, Culture of rice
(m.c).

ehalta, A mixen, dunghill.

a shaljam, A turnip.

a fcU shaikh, A round of musquetry, a
discharge, volley, broadside ; root, origin ;
race, stock ; sperm ; vulva.

ut^a&lA shalakht. A kick on the backside.

ta&i* shalakhta, A kick on the backside.

a J-fti* shalshal, (Rain or blood) which
falls drop by drop ; — shulehul^ Having but
little flesh, lean.

shalg&am, A turnip, rape.

\j j^aU ghalgham-wd, Turnip-porridge.

<**1a shilgha (4AU shilfa), A corn or hay-
fork.

<-4lAi shalf, A strumpet ; a frivolous fellow,
a rake ; a river in Africa.

Ww> shilfa, A corn or hay-fork.

<w1a shalfa, Ms* 1 * shalfina, shulfina,
Vulva.

Ml* shalfiya. Vulva; — alfiya shalfiya,
Name of a lascivious book.

a S* 3 * shalq, The stroke given by a
scourge ; discharge or report of a gun ;
a volley ; a blow with a whip or scourge ;
coition ; — shalq kardwn, To discharge fire-
arms, to fire a volley.

ut^sl*. shilqat, (in Gilan) A gander (the
goose being called ««>V#» q&zi mada).

uiUa shalak, A young tree ; discharge of
a gun ; — shalh, A leech ; — shilk, Black
viscous clay, in which the feet stick.

shalhd, A leech ;—sHlkd, Black and
adhesive mud.

tdiU shilkah, A drain ; a spout.

a JL& shalal (v.n. of Ja), Being withered
(the hand) ; driving (camels) ; a spot in a
garment which cannot be washed out;
perishing.

Jia» sMlal-gosh, A dog with long and
shaggy ears.

ahalm, A traveller's shoe ; — ahalam,
A turnip ; — shilim, shilm, The tears or gum
of a tree ; — shulum, Contention, quarrel,
strife; an unjust and violent seizure; op-
pression, tyranny,

a ,»U shalam, shallam, Jerusalem.

sjUlfe shilmdb, Barley-water j bread
grated and boiled with a little water, sugar,
or honey.

AjUJa shalmdba, shalamaba, Turnip-water ;
boiled turnips.

shalmah, Name of a medicine.

y~*if> shalrniz, Fenugreek.

g^A shilinj, A prayer-carpet.

«fi£d* ehalang, ehiling, The thigh; the
distance between the two feet; exercises
made by runners previous to a journey or
race of importance ; — ehalang eadan, To
perform such exerciseB.

a »sdA shalang-takhta, A kind of
exercise of runners aud wrestlers ; a kind
of somersault.

a jl* shalw (v.n.), ttoing away ; lifting

>c ( 758 ) U.

up, carrying off ; — shihv, A limb, member,
joint of a slaughtered animal.

jl* shih, Stature of the body.

ehalwdr, shulwdr, Inner breeches,
drawers reaching to the feet (the outer
breeches being called tumbdn) ; sailors' or
travellers' trousers.

ah shalwdr-band, Fastening of

breeches,

ge> ji* shulu-pech, A triangular thorn.
shaluk, A leech.

0ijU» shalwwan (unsupported by examples),
tyJ* shalun, An animal of the jackal spe-
cies.

e*>jl* shuluhaj, «sb*^U. shuluhak, A kind
of thistle.

*l*> shala, A sentence of death by the
law of retaliation ; — ghula, A dish, called
ahula pilaw ; the wood or coal- storehouse
in baths -—shalla, An idol; a narrow way,
defile ; a strip of a garment ; — shalla, shulla,
A mixen, dunghill ; — shulla, Vulva ; a
menBtruous cloth.

i\S shulla-gah, A woman's pubes.

jW** shalydk, The constellation of the
Lyre.

a shallih, Sound, noise.

let*!* shaUthd, The companions of Jesus ;
a Christian.

shalishd, Name of a medicine
against paralysis and distortion of the
mouth.

shallr, = q.v.

a. (aXeJL*. shallk, Volley, discharge of fire-
arms; — shalik numudan, To fire a salute
(m.c).

Jel*. shalil, A red-and-white peach ; a
nectarine ; — shalili du-raga, An apricot.

a J~1a shalil, A garment worn under a
coat of mail ; also a short coat of mail
under a larger ; a cloth placed under the
saddle of a camel ; a course of water in a
valley.

f*J* shalim, — msUI*. q.v.

{A sham, Terror, flight ; the tail ; deceit,
fraud, trick ; distance ; imp. of shamidan ■
(in comp.) terrified, astonished, fearing;
disturbed, distracted ; a subterraneous
habitation ; a house for the accommoda-
tion of travellers, a caravansera ; a place
for cattle ; a nail ; name of a wrestler ;
(for shawam) I am, or may be ; (for S.
Teshama) rest, leisure, quiet ; — shum, Rustic
or travelling shoes, coarsely made of un-
dressed leather, and fastened to the feet
with straps ; (for A.. shum) ill-luck.

a shawm, (v.n.), Smelling, scenting ;
having a fine nose ; — shumm (pi. of ashamm),
High (mountains, &c).

Ua shama, A pastile ; naked ; — shumd,
Te; you.

A &Ua sharnatat (v.n. of uk*a), Rejoicing
at another's misfortunes.

A $W* shamaj, Any trifle (as skin or

stone of grapes, thrown away when eat-
ing)-

fcUA sfiamalch, A bandage for trussing
the breasts ; — shamdkh, shamiridkh, Name
of an Iranian wrestler ; also of an Arabian
poet.

^*-Ua shamdhjii, The chief town of Shir-
wan.

_jUa shimar, A kind of very hard wood,
from which the handles of tools are made ;—
fennel ; — shumar, Number, numeration,
reckoning, computation ; an equal number ;
thereabouts ; ten millions ; a troop, crowd,
multitude ; like, resembling ; friendship,
love ; an incurable wound ; (in comp.)
numbering, counting, numerous, as anjum-
shumar " numerous as the stars ; " tmbih
shumar "who counts his beads;" dinar
shumar " a money-counter, a banker (see
jW^) ;—rozi shumar, The day of reckon-
ing, i.e. the last day ; — 'askari mor-shumar,
An army numerous as the ants.

\jUa shumdra, You, to you.

fijk\ A*a shumdr-afrdz, A rosary.

jU jUa shumdr-kdr, Place of the last
judgment.

t\S jU*i shumdr-gdh, A counting-house ;
place of the last judgment.

jig jUa. shumdr-glr, A numberer, account-
ant ; cultivating friendship.

aiijUii shumdranda, A teller, numberer.

SjUa shumdra, Number, computation ; —
shumdra kardan (giriftan), To count.

i\S &jUa shumdra-gdh, Place of the last
judgment.

^jjUa sh-umdri, Counting j a rosary.

a tij^*- 4 ' shamdrlkh (pi. of shimrdjeh),
Branches or clusters of dates.

yjjjWAi shumdridan, To number, count,
tell, calculate ; to be counted.

jjli^Ua shumdrlda, Numbered, told.

a jj-Ua shainmas, A Christian priest or
deacon ; a shaveling ; name of the man who
first established fire-worship.

^I-Ua shamdsds, Name of a champion
of Afrasiyab in his war against Nauzar;
also of a champion of Siyawush.

u \*~Ua shamdsiydn, Followers of the fire-
worahipper Shammas; Christian ministers,
deacons.

A l»s!»W& shamdtit (pi. of shimtif), Scat-
tered companies ; worn-out, tattered gar-
ments.

a *UaJA*4. shamdtltan, Scatteredly.

a £W& shammd', A maker of wax-candles ;
a wax-chandler.

g. v . frUi i shamaghanda, Stinking, fetid ; a
stinking woman.

yji-iUA shamdgtedan, To stink.

a JUa shamdl, North (wind or quarter) ;
— shima.l, The left band j a bad omen ; the
north (as lying on the left when looking
towards the rising sun) ; north wind; dis-
position, nature, innate quality ; virtue ;

( 759 ) ^j-u.

good nature ; a bag placed upon the dugs
of cattle to prevent their being sucked ; a
sheath, cover ; — ashdbi yamin u shimdl,
Those to the right and left, the elect and
the damned ; — bddi (na&imi) shimdl, North
wind, Boreas ; — bilddi shimdl, Northern
regions or countries ; — yadi shimdl, The left
hand.

a *3Ua shamdl-an, shvm.al-a.ri, Towards the
north.

a «w3Ua shimdldt (pi. of shimdl), Northern
winds or regions.

a )) JUa shimdl-rv,, Facing the north.

a X*i JUa shimal-namd, Mariner's com-
pass.

8hamdla, A candle ; a kind of rice.

a ,jJUa shamdli, Northern ; a cold day ; —
nuri shamdli, Aurora borealis.

a 4«SUa ehamaliya, Northern.

A j»Wa shimdm (v.n. of f*A), Smelling ;
examining closely ; — shammdm, An odori-
ferous melon, of the bigness of a small coly-
cynth, striped red, green, and yellow.

a &~*Ua shamdmisat (pi. of shammds),
Christian priests or deacons.

a **Ua shamama, A perfumed pastile ; a
BCent ; naked ; a musical pipe composed of
unequal reeds; (met.) a general favourite ; —
skamama'i 'ambar, A pastile perfumed with
ambergris ; — shamdma'i Jcdfur, The sun ;
the moon ; light ; the day ; — khdma'i ma-
habbat-shamdma, A pen perfumed with
friendship.

jUa shaman, Groaning; weeping, sob-
bing ; terrified ; crazed ; frantic or fainting
from thirst; lamentation, loud and con-
tinued clamour ; thirst.

^AjJUa shamdnldan, To disturb, perplex,
confound ; to deprive of sense ; to be dis-
turbed, perplexed, confounded ; to lose
one's senses ; to fear ; to pant from thirst.

q^Ua shumdydn (pi. of shuma), Tou
ye.

a JJUa shamail, North winds or regions ;
(pi. of shimdl) virtues, talents, abilities of
mind and body ; dispositions ; qualities ;
customs ; left hands ; [khujasta-shamd'il
Happy tempered ; } — shimd'il, A young
shoot ; a rivulet ; a small company of per-
sons.

a J£Ua shama'ili, Natural.

a ,JUa shamil'i'm (pi. of shamimat),
Odours, perfumes.

shampur-gar, Who compels another
with violence to do a thing.

,_Sj^5*A shampurl, Forcible, violent, com-
pulsive, unnatural.

a i*A shammat, shamma, One odour, one
smell at ; a sniff ; (met.) a slight notion ;
a smattering ; the least bit, an atom.

g*A shamj, shammaj, A grotto, cavern.

a g*A shamj (v.n.). Sewing with long
stitches, basting ; making haste ; mixing.

a £*a shamkh (v.n.), Being high and

lofty ; being proud, haughty ; name of the
father of a tribe.

A ^Ua shimdz, a*a shamz (v.n.), Being
impregnated (a she- camel), and cocking her
tail to give intimation of the same.

shamaz, White bread; pale lapis lazuli.

Aj*a shwmr (v.n.), Walking with nicety,
circumspection, or with a haughty air; —
shimar, Name of one of Yazid's generals,
who slew Husain in the plains of Karbala ;
hence vile, merciless, wicked ; — shimirr,
Great (misfortune).

j*a shamar, A rivulet ; a small tank or
cistern ; any hollow place where water col-
lects and stagnates, in a rock, at the foot
of a tree, <fcc. ; a whirlpool ; cream ; — ■
shumur (imp. of shumurdan in cotnp.),
Numbering, counting, &c.

a t^r* 4 " shimrdhh. A branch or cluster of
dates or grapes ; the summit of a moun-
tain ; the upper part of a cloud ; a white
mark from the forehead of a horse to his
nose.

y-i-^jftA shumurddnidan (caus. of sftw-
rmirdan), To cause to number, &c.

^JjaA shumurdagi, Numeration.

yjjiA shumurdan, To number, reckon,
compute, count ; to give; — bad shumardan,
To consider bad, to disapprove of ; — bar-
shumurdan, to commemorate, to mention ;
to curse (see also o^yA j», p- 175) ; — fursat
shumurdan, To find or regard a convenient
opportunity.

t^j*i, shumurda, Numbered.

j5ij*a shumurish, Clearly, distinctly; sup-
posing the case.

u .ifj*A shamtldan. To be terrified ; to
sigh or sob loudly ; — sJiamartdan, To praise.

a y»v»A shams (v.n,), Being sun-shiny
(the day) ; shewing enmity ; the sun ; a
necklace ; a fountain ; name of an ancient
idol; also of the father of a tribe, the latter
being called 'abdu 'sh-shams ; — shamsu 's-
•saqaldn (for saqalain), The sun of men and
genii, i.e. Muhammad ; — shamsu 'd-dln, Snn
of the faith, proper name of a man ; also
name of a tribe ;—buyiitu 'sh-shams, The
signs of the zodiac.

\ — »A shamsd, (in Zand) Light ; a ray.
— »a shimasdar, (in Zand and Pazand)
Garlic.

a t y ^>.^\ (j~*a shamsu'd dm-lii, Belong-
ing to the tribe Shamsuddin (m.c).

a < u .» a shamsa, An orange, citron ; a
round cake adorned with punctures ; figures
or pictures wrought in silk; little tassels
affixed to a rosary ; a vignette.

shamsi, fern, ^ ■ " ■♦ a shams'iyai,
shamshja, Solar ; — huriifi shams'iya, The
solar letters (for which see Grammar) ; —
tariqi shamsiya, The ecliptic, sun's course.

a 0 ... » * shatnsl-qamarl, A perquisite
taken by the officers of government, being
the difference between the pay for a lunar

( 760 )

and a solar month; a monthly period of
three or four days, during which the female
attendants in the women's apartments have
leave of absence.

a i-e— *i> skamslya, A parasol.

tA** shumsh, An ingot of gold.

jU~»a ehimshad, shamshdd, Any tall and
upright tree ; bos-tree ; marjoram ; (met.)
curly locks ; a young beard ; the graceful
figure of a mistress ; — shimshddi shamd'il-
paraet, A box-tree shaken by the north wind.

31} jU**a shimshdd-bdld, Lofty as a box-
tree.

«sOj jU<*a shimshM-rang, Box-tree like.
a Ji jIu* shimshad-qad, Lofty as a box-
tree.

_) U i> * i shimshdr. Box-sprig ; mastich ; cy-
press.

shimashdar, (in Zand) Garlic.
shamshard, Mouse-ear (a fragrant

plant).

t » ^ shimashh, (in Zand and Pazand)
Sesame.

;j-*ua shumshilr, Name of a culinary plant
(in the dialect of Gilan).

shamsher (said to be derived from
sham " claw," or " tail," and sher *' a lion ")
skimshlr, A sword, scimiter, sabre ; a blade ;
the light of the morning or of the sun ;
[shamehiri ab-dar, A bright or sharp sword; —
shamsher alchtan, To brandish the sword ; —
shamsher az wiyam bar-dwardan (kashidan),
To draw the sword ; — shamsher afgandan,
To strike with the sword ; — shamsher bar-
dhekhtan, To brandish the sword sham-
sheri pahn, A broadsword shamsher kkwd-
bdndan, To strike with the sword ; — sham-
sher fchwurdan, To be struck with the
sword ; — shamsher dar baghl khwdbidan, To
sleep with the sword under the arm, i.e.
having taken every precaution; — shamsher
dar miydn (dar niydm) hardan, To sheathe
the sword ; — shamsher zadan, To fight or
strike with a sword ; — shamshere sd'iqa-
ia'sir, A sword penetrating like a thunder-
bolt; — shamsher 'alam hardan, To lift up
or raise the sword ; — shamsher hashidan, To
draw a sabre ; — shamsher gird dwardan, To
wag the tail (said of a lion) ; — shamsheri
goshtln, The sword of flesh, i.e. tongue ; —
shamsher nih&dan, To strike with the sword ;
— shamsher hawd hardan, To draw, raise, or
brandish the sword ; — du shamsher dar yak
gJtil&f na-kanjad, One scabbard cannot hold
two swords (said of anything impossible or
incompatible with another) ; ] — shumshir
(probably for q.v.), The lesser car-

damom (the meaning " a small caravan,"
given by others, seems to have erroneously
arisen by confounding the explanatory word
Ali^i qdqula, " cardamoms," with AIM qdfila,
" caravan").

jl} shamsher-bdz, A sword-player.

^ . f t i w shameher-bdei, Sword-playing.

)^\\ shar>t,sher-bahddur (ironically),

A useless, worthless fellow.

<yj ps^~*^> shamsher -zan, Striking with a
sword ; warlike, a gallant soldier.

shamsher-suz, A sword-cutler.

<sy— shamsher-sdzl, Sword-making.

^ >ft -fe*A shamsher gar, A sword-cutler.

a shamt (v.n.). Mixing (two things) ;
— shimt, shamat, Potherbs and spiceries
put into victuals ; — shamat (v.n.), Having
hair black and grey ; a mixture of black
and white hairs.

A sham' (v.n.), Playing, jesting; —
shama', vulg. sham', Wax ; a wax-candle,
taper ; any candle ; a lamp ; — sham'i ildhi
(divine candle), The Qur'dn; the Muham-
madan religion ; sun and moon ; — sham'i
angurl, Wine ; — sham'i Iran, A burning
candle (unsupported by examples) ; — sham'
bar-afrokhtan (bar-kardan), To light a
candle ; — sham'i khamosh, An extinguished
candle ; — sham' khamosh hardan, To ex-
tinguish a candle ; — sham'i raugiko.n, A
tallow candle ; an oil lamp ; — sham' zadan
(so/chtan), To light a candle; — sham'i
zarrin-lagan, The sun; — sham'i sahar,
Morning- beam or false dawn ; — sham'i
slidb-afroz, The night-illuminating candle;
— sham'i sabah (mbhi), The sun; — sham'i
tirdz, A candle (i.e. beauty) of Tiraz (see
jV*)> — sham'i 'dlam-tdb (falak), The sun;
— sham'i 'asal, Wax ; — sham'i kdjiiri, A
white wax candle ; — sham'i kachi, A stearine
candle ; — sham' Jcushtan (gul kardaii), To
extinguish (a candle) ; — sham'i kuthta (gul
Itarda), An extinguished candle ; — sham'
gul shudan, sham' murdan, To be extin-
guished (a candle) ; — sham' gul shuda
(murda), A candle that has gone out; —
sham'i muz' afar (haft charkh). The sun; —
sham' nishastan, To go out (a candle) ; —
sham'i yah'udi-wash, Red wine.

a £*a sham'-bald, Erect as a candle

atjli>»** sham'ddn, Candlestick, chande-
lier.

a jy sham'-ru (ij rukh), Having a
countenance resplendent as the light of a
candle.

a jL. £*js» sham'-sdz, Candlemaker, chand-
ler.

a (vjU— sham'istdn, A place abounding
with lighted candles.

a JJ> £*a sham'-qad, Of a stature straight
as a candle.

a y^j&wA iham'-girdn, The lighters and
extinguishers of the candles, Ac. in the
houses of the great.

A sham'un, Simon ; — sham'Unu's

safci, Simon Peter, Cephas.

a sham'i, Waxen ; of, belonging to,
a candle or taper ; a dealer in wax ; blackish
green.

a ^s*** sham'i-pirahan, A kind of

yellow wrapper.

& ( '

u"**" sA^iw't-rrtwj/j Plame-colour.

sham g h and, A stinking "woman ;
stinking, ill-flavoured ; dirty (garment) ;
filth ; impurity.

shamghanddn, Unseemly, stink-
ing.

Sii**A ghamiftanda, Fetid, stinking ;
struck with fear.

Qii.^xiXtA shamghandldan, To be bad, fetid.

t)"****- 4, shamghidan, To smell disagree-
ably.

shamhur, Name of a town neai G-anja.
shamgir, Name of a famous general.
a J*4< zhaml (v.u.), Comprehending-, con-
taining, surrounding on every side, cover-
ing; being universal, belonging to all;
collecting', collection ; exposing wine to the
north wind to cool ; — shamal, Conceiving
from a stallion belonging to another herd ;
experiencing good or evil ; a small quantity
of anything.
J*a shamal, A rustic shoe.
t^+* shamlalch, shamalMk, A turnip,
£Ua> shvmlagk, A turnip.
aU*. shamla, The end of the turban or
waistband, sometimes tucked into the folds,
and sometimes left flying loose ; a kind of
shawl for throwing over the shoulders or
wrapping- about the head ; — ehumla, A
meteor.
l=~-Ua shimUt, Fenugreek.

shamltd, shamim, Fenugreek ;
a fragrant kind of flower.

shamam, shwmam, A rustic shoe ; —
thumam, Flight, propensity to run away ;
distance, absence.

a shamam, The summit or height of
a mountain.

shaman, An idolater ; an idol.
a shaman, Name of a village near
Astarabad.

w U*i. shamandn (pi. of shaman), Idola-
ters ; one who pants from thirst or from
running ; a large bed or carpet.

shamand, Insensible ; insensibility ;
health, vigour ; cry, lamentation.

ihamanda, A hero, brave man ;
astonished, amazed; terrified, stupefied,
insensible; a. giver, bestower ; smelling.
a shumuvi, A being high ; sublimity.
a shamuhh. Extensive (waste) ; —

shumftkh (v.n. of £**), Being high and
lofty; being- proud ; pride, haughtiness.
a <j*j*& shumue (pi. of shams), Suus.
a skamii', Frolicsome, jesting (man
or woman) ; — shumtV (v.n. of £■*-*■), Playing,
joking, being frolicsome; (pi. of sham')
candles, was- tights.

Jj**, shamol, Composure, collectedness ;
quiet, repose, rest.

a Jj+a shamftl, Cold wine ; the north
wind; — shutnul (v.n, of J**), Comprehend-
ing, containing ; comprehension, compri-
sal; collecting; the whole, gross, aggre- |

51 ) La

gate; veering to the left, turning to tbe
north.

a .jt~Jj*a, shntnuliyat, = Jj*-»« q.v. ; — 6a-

shwmulvyat, Along with; with the aid of.
a f*f*Ztskamum, Odorous, fragrant, scented.
t**' shama, Milk which flows sponta-
neously from the udder ;^shima, Cream ;
— shima, shimma, The greasy parts of milk
or cheese ; — shamma (from A. shammat),
Odour, perfume ; nature, habit ; custom,
mode, rite ; a little ; an atom, particle, the
smallest quantity (of perfume, Ac.) ; a pinch
of snuff.

V>** shamyd, Heaven.
<sit~»A shamiydna, A cajiopy, an awning
(see «JV«Va.),

^i^A shamid, Astonished, amazed ; stupe-
fied (with love, grief, or surprise).

(v)A*»a shamidan, To be confounded, lose
one's wits, dread, be terror-stricken; to
weep aloud, to sob ; to flee in terror, to
shun from aversion ; to smell ; to g-asp
from thirst.

JSXf** shamida, Terrified, afraid ; shun-
ning with aversion ; parched with thirst ;
panting from running or weeping ; weeping,
crying ; amazed, stupefied. ; a furious lion;
scented.

a jtr+i* shimmir, Diligent, alert, expedi-
tious, expert (man) ; fleet, swift (camel).

y\j~t.& shamirdn, Name of the governor of
Shikin sent by Afrasiyab in aid of Pirau.

thatatz, A sower; — shumtz, A field
prepared for receiving seed.

sy \ — shamisd, Light.

a Lj** shamlt, Mixed ; the dawn (as a
mixture of light and darkness), twilight ;
bi-coloured (a wolf) ; herbage dry and green
mixed together; children, partly boys,
partly girls.

a &e+& shamilat, shamila, Natural dispo-
sition, innate good quality, talent.

f~*ja shumlm, A rustic shoe (see j***).

a shamim (v.n. of £*•), Smelling,

scenting ; odour, perfume, scent ; anything
high, elevated ;— guli 'mnba.r-shamim, A
rose (or flower) fragrant as ambergris ; —
neslmi 'abhar shamim, A jessamine-breathing
gale.

a <u-*a. shamima, Odour, smell, stink.

y-s- skan, Amorous blandishments ; hemp.

A ^ shann (v.n,), Pouring out gently;
sending forth troops in all directions ; an
old, dried up, leathern bottle.

'uj. shina, Swimming ; a swimmer, exer-
cise of wrestlers (see y^) ; — shina Jcardan,
To swim.

vAl*" shin ah, Swimming; a swimmer.
Ua. shiua-bar, A swimmer ; nimble,
active (sec .y^)-

(jjujUa. ehinfihldan, To understand.

a iVii. shundt (pi. of shani), Haters.

a y Ua shaadtir (pi. of shantarat, shunta-
rat), Fingers; ear-rings ; — zft shandtir,

Li

Name of a king of Yaman with an abnor-
mal number of fingers.

cUa shandh, A raft constructed of inflated
leathern bottles.

«t«s-ViA shindkht, He knew ; understand-
ing, intellect; knowledge, acquaintance; —
shindkhti yar, Tbe knowledge of a friend.

qV£1*s.U4. shindkhtagdn, Acquaintances.

w &a.LA ghinakhtagl. Knowledge, acquain-
tance, acquaintanceship.

y-iUA shindkhtan, To know, to be ac-
quainted with ; to acknowledge ; to dis-
cern, to distinguish ; to inform, to make
known, to define, to describe.

Ajss-La shindkhfa, Known, understood.

^La shanar, The herb hyssop ; — shanar,
shindr, Swimming ; a swimmer ; shameful-
ness, disgrace, dishonour (see next article) ;
unlucky, bad, inauspicious ; the bottom of
anj piece of water ; a port, harbour ; a
shallow in the sea or in a river surrounded
by deep water, on which ships are liable to
be wrecked ; a young branch of a tree; a
country laid waste and deserted.

a _)^*» shanar, Disgrace, infamy ; any
shameful transaction.

yjjjLA shindr idan, To swim.

(jrfUa. shinds, Explanation, notification ;
(imp. of shindthtan, in comp.), knowing,
understanding.

\Ju*> shindsd, Conrprehending, knowing.

qL.La shindsdn, Explanation, notifica-
tion.

£}A>L.U*, shindsdndan, <y***^-<* sMndsdm-
dan (caus. of ehindkhtan), To make known
to, to tell about, to instruct (in. a).

^L.Ua shindsd' i, Acquaintance, know-
ledge.

ylSi^U*. shindsandagdn, The knowing
ones.

<_j-Aja shindsi, Acquaintance, knowledge.
yji.j-A.M, shindsldan, To understand, know.
A &cUa shand'at (v.n. of Being de-

formed, filthy, fetid, odious, shameful ;
filthiness; turpitude; abomination.

ysiU*. shindftan, To hear ; to under-
stand.

A li^-* shandq, Taking the zakat for a
number between two nisdb or legally-stated
portions of taxable property (see cjlij and
^Id) ; — shinclq, Long, tail ; the string fas-
tening the mouth of a full leathern bottle.

^£Ua shindgar, A swimmer.

a o^*> sliandn, Hated ; — shindn (pi . of
shann), Old leathern bottles ; name of a
valley in Syria ; — shundn, Cold water ; water
dropping from a bottle ; — sharCan, shana'dn
(v.n. of 'Ua), Hating, hatred.

yU* shindn, Wild leek ; — shundn, The
herb alkali, and the ashes which are made
from it, used for washing clothes (see

jLa shindv, Swimming ; a swimmer ; a
shoal.

( 762 )

j^Ua shinawar, A swimmer; nimble,
active ; — dildwari shinawar, A bold swim-
mer.

^jUa shindioari, Swimming, natation ; —
shindtvari hardan, To swim.

i^Ua shindwish, Swimming, natation.
O-V.jUa shindwidan, To swim.
«Ua shindh, Swimming ; a swimmer.
fJuA shindy, Swimming.
a gfUA shan&'i' (pi. of shani'at), Shame-
ful actions, vices, crimes, villainies.

a &*>Ua shand'iyat, shand'iya, Hated, dis-
liked (woman).
(S-^si^A shindyidan, To hear.
'■■ shamb, A cupola, dome ; — shambi
ghdzan, Name of a building erected by
Sultan G-hazan in Azarbaijan.

a s~sa shanab (v.n.), Being fresh and
sweet (the mouth or teeth) ; sharpness,
freshness, or beauty of the teeth.
■i,jA shambid, Saturday.
ui~ t)- . ; - A shanibalit, A$LyJ>* ghanibalid, Fenu-
greek ; name of a flower.

sjJ^ja shambalida, The scent of various
flowers or fragrant plants.

J<1*^S" eha,r/ibalil, <sJ*L^a shambalUa, Fenu-
greek.

^jft-tA shaipbny, ~ ^ s-a q.v., p. 730.
shamba. The neighing of a horse ;
roaring of a lion ; — shambih, shatnba, A day ;
Saturday ; — yak-shanibih, Sunday ; — du-
shambih, Monday ; — sih-shambih, si-shambih,
Tuesday ; — chahdr- shambih, Wednesday; —
panj-shambih, Thursday.

^j&rU* shanibihi, The keeping of the Sab-
bath ; — shairtbihl hardan, To keep a Sabbath,
to sabbatize.

vi^A shanat, (in Zand and Pazand) A
year.

(jUia shinatdn, (in Zand and Pazand)
Tears.

j—a shanj, Buttocks, thighs, hips,
haunches ; a promontory ; Hard, stony,
uneven ground ; — shinj, Buttocks ; — shunj,
A shell for glazing.

a jjiA shanaj (v.n.), Being wrinkled,
shrivelled (skin).

a jV^t-a shiwjdr (from P. j^*), Melilot ;
bugloss.

a «Jja~4. shanjarf (for P. <-J,&A), Cinna-

ber, vermilion.

gii jjA shanj gkanj, Buttocks, hips,
haunches.

jj^a. shanjud, Wounded ; a wound.
a Jj^iA nhanjudan, To wound ; to scratch.
yj-^iA shanjldan, To vex ; to leap ; to
drop.

J^a shand, The beak of a bird.
>_*jua shandaf, A military or musical
drum,

&Jj>aa shundila, Mallows.
ajua skanxaba, Name of the bullock men-

tioned in the fable
(Anwari Suhaili).

of Kalila wa Dimna

y*»*A skansh, A long hooked reed used by
cotton-dressers.

a (jSja ehanash, A date whose kernel is
not yet hard,

a iLaja, shinshinat, Nature, temper, dis-
position ; custom, usage.

a. than' (v.n,), "Reviling, treating op-
probriously; — shun' (v.n.). Detesting, ab-
horring, considering ugly or odious,

a ii*** ehun'at, Baseness, a horrid crime,
ugliness, turpitude, brutality ; disgrace.
shtinuyh, A cow's horn.
shwnghdr, A royal falcon.
a <-i~6. ghanf, Looking transversely or
askance at anyone, either in admiration, sur-
prise, or contempt ; — shanf, shun/, A ring for
the upper part of the ear (those in the lobe
being called qurt) ; — shanaf (v.n.), Hatirig;
disliking, disapproving.

tfj&i* shiniftan, To hear ■ — shunuftan
(vulg. for shinakhtan), To know, to be ac-
quainted with (m.c.) .

a shanq (v.n.), Checking (a camel)
with a bridle till the back of his head
touches the front of the saddle ; fastening
(the mouth of a full bottle) ; tying a horse
or a camel to a tree, peg, or pole ; — shanaq,
The intermediate numbers between any
given two, as between ten and forty (espe-
cially with regard to the proportion of
cattle taxed by the Muhammadan law for
pious uses, such intermediate numbers
being taxed only for the lower amount) ; a
partial mulct of expiation for homicide or
wounding.

shunqdr, A falcon ; — shunqdr shudan
(met.), To die ; — shunqdr kardan (met.), To
kill.

vsSj&a $hankrak, Amorously playful ; a
thief; an elephant's truuk; name of an
Indian king.

q)j£ja shankzan, A worm which eats corn.
i^A shankasa, Penis; a dunghill; a
dirty gown.

JioA, shankal, A highway-robber; a sort
of grain ; —thankid, A robber, an assassin ;
name of a king of India who assisted
Afrasyab.

iliii shankala, The fringe of a pocket-
handkerchief or veil ; a cluster ; an ear of
corn ; dirty clothes ; an impure place ; a
stable.

J«1&a shankalil, Ginger.

jjSUa. shankur, The whirl of a woman's
spindle ; a round piece of wood on the top
of a tent-pole.

isljiiA. shankak, A whirl fixed on a spindle.

Jj^*> shankul. Saucy, witty; beautiful;
a robber ; an elephant's trunk.

<sSUa> shang, Beautiful, delicate, hand-
some ; amorously playful ; lively, graceful ;
lazy ; a thief, robber ; a cheat, knave ;
pomp, pride, excess, exorbitancy ; a cypress ;
the proboscis of an elephant ; a cucumber

kept for seed; — shing, A sort of pulse; a
kind of cucumber ; goats'-beard (a plant) ;
name of a village; — shung, Name of a
straight, smooth tree used for making
bows.

j£jj» shhigar, Melilot ; bugloss.

shingan, ISanie of a> country.
pto'&.iA. shangdham, = /•^■'fl**, q.v., for
which it is probably a misreading.

<rfi* shang ba-shang, = tsSU*, ,

q.v.

shangble, Date-wine ; ginger.
shangarf, Cinnabar, vermilion ; a
slug ; — shangarfi zdwuli, Red lead ; — shan-
garf zadan qalam-ra, To dip the pen into
red ink.

<_<jSja shangarf -kdrl, Redness.
usJjSi*. shangurk, A whirl on a spindle.
<£.Oa shang-zan, A long worm destruc-
tive of sown grain, a slug.

^s>U tiSjjb ghang-mahl, A seal, a dolphin.
<iS~A^» sha,ng-ma.shang, <j£~&* ^

shang u mashang, Names of two notorious
robbers ; a robber, a highwayman.

Jj£sa shangul, iJj&A shangola, Beautiful,
lovely; a thief, robber; an elephant's
trunk.

jj^A shangwlr. Date-wine.

ysyftjA shangwez, Date-wine.

shanga, Penis ; a menstruous cloth ;
a dunghill.

jL£ja shingyar, A sort of cucumber.

Ax^S-iA shanglna, A stick, staff, cudgel ;
a fuller's beetle ; bar of a door.

Jj^ shanal (?), A cloak (m.c).

•aiUa. shanlak, An ear of corn ; a bunch
of grapes or dates.

<^jUi shanluk, A whirl on a spindle's top.

uzQj* shaniik, A (military) salute, a
volley (m.c.).

fj» shanu, The cypress ; the wild plum
or cherry-tree ; a tree of which arrows are
made ; — shinu, Practice or exercise of wrest-
lers ; — shinav, shunav, Hearing, understand-
ing.

Uja shinawd, A hearer.

j(ji*> shanwdr (for jV*)> Inner breeches.

yji^JljAA shinwdnldan, shinawdntdan, To
cause to hear or understand.

t^j** shanwd'i, skinawd'l, Hearing, aus-
cultation.

shmud, He heard ; a hearing,

yj^a, skunudan, shinudan, To hear, to
understand ; to perceive ; to snuff ; to obey.

A_y..i shanusa, shanuska, shinHsha,

Sneezing.

a £}i4> shunii', Ugliness, foulness, shame-
fulness.

a ,^.4. shanun, Neither fat nor lean.
yziy^ shanunitan, (in Zand and Pazand)
To write.

jji^ii, shinwanda, shinawanda, A hearer,
auditor.

syA shanuwa, Genoa.

( 763 )

( 764 )

6*

ftj-ijy* shxnviidan, shinavndan, To hear ;
to smell,

<s-s.a> shana, A corn-fork with five prongs
for winnowing ; neighing of horses ; grunt-
ing of hogs, purring of a lion ; noise; curse,
malediction ; — shmma, The neighing of a
horse.

shanl, A salver of gold, silver, brass,
or copper ; name of a herb, of whose fibres
ropes are made ; the spear at the top of an
ensign-staff or banner, a demi-lance, or
javelin.

■x~*> ghanid, The beak or pounces of a
bird ; he heard ; hearing, auscultation ; the
thing heard.

yi-iA shanldan (imp. shinar, shunar), To
hear, listen, attend to ; to obey ; to make
an assault ; to smell ; to perceive ; to col-
lect

t^fjA shantda, Heard ; who has heard.
yjA. shaniz, Ebony; a bow; — shunlz,
Coriander (see ]^^)-

shanizha, Fringe on the edge of

cloth.

a £-e~*« shanl', fern. &x*>a shani'at, shani'a,
Base, shameful, odious, hateful, deformed,
abominable, hideous, detestable, shocking,
foul, scurrilous ; adulterous ; — akhhari
shani'a, Disagreeable news ; — shani'at, A
hideous action, crime, turpitude, &c. ;
adultery ; prostitution ; sodomy,

a shanin, Drops of water or of tears ;
milk into which water is poured.

ji> shav, shu (imp. of shudan), Be, exist ;
be thou ; (in coinp.) being, existing; — shav
(for shab), Night ; — ehii, Wash thou ; wash-
ing ; a husband ; — ehust w shu kardan, To
wash.

\jS> ehawd, Existing; deaf; — shiwd, A
hardness or blister in the hands or feet
from too much work, or over-walking; filth
on the body ; a small vestibule ; anise ; (for
A. shiwd") roast meat ; — shamed (for A.
o^*i), A roaster (of meat).

a shaw&t. The skin of the head.

sftawiit, shuwat, A bustard ; a kind
of water-fowl.

shawdd, shuwdd, A bustard ; — shumdd,
Flame.

shawdr, shwwdr, A bustard ; a kind
of water-fowl.

a shawdr (v.n. of Riding (a

horse) backwards and forwards by way of
showing him off to a buyer ; household
furniture; outfit (for a journey"); dress;
pudendum (of a woman) ; buttocks, anus
(of a man).

a <-tJj^ shawdr ib, The channels whereby
liquids p^ss into the stomach ; veins in the
throat ; (pi. of shdrib) whiskers ; mus-
tachios.

a fjV 1 ehawdri' (pi. of shdri'), High-
ways ; broadways, thoroughfares.

A .ijljA ehawariq (pi. of shdriqat), Splen-
dours.

shiwash, Aniseed.

sy y>\fS. shawa-sard, A kind of mugwort

a (jMy* shawdti (pi. of shdfX), River-
banks, shores.

a shitodz (v.n. 3 of Abusing
one another, calling one another bad
names ; — shiwdz, ahmvdz, Flame without
smoke, blaze.

a J c ^ shawd'il (pi. of shd'il and eJid'ilat),
Flaming, shining; names.

A J^jA shawdJcil (pi. of shdlcilai), Roads,
ways branching off from a main road ; by-
lanes ; modes, manners ; forms, figures.

J\j* shawdl, Coarse loose trousers ; trade,
craft, profession ; a bustard ; a kind of
water-fowl.

A shauwdl, The tenth Muhammadan
month, beginning with the Bairam feast
or break of the fast of Ramazan ; name of
a village near Mar v.

*xii\j* shawalah, A little bustard ; a certain
water-fowl with changing-coloured plu-
mage.

a shawdmikh (pi. of shdmikfi),

High mountains.

A J-»\jA shawdmil (pi. of shamil), (Things)
comprehensive, &c.

shwto&n, A shepherd.

a Ja^Ai shawdhid (pi. of shdhid), Wit-
nesses, evidences.

a (3»!j4> ghawdhiq (pi. of shdhiq), High
mountains, &c.

a y^fc^Si shawdhtn (pi. of shdhln), Falcons.

a >^->\jA, shawd'ib (pi. of shd'ibat), Im-
purities.

<J\y& shawd'l, Deafness.

a s-»y» shaub (v.n.), Mixing; a kind of
pottage ;—ma la-hu »haub-un wa-la ravb-
wn, He has neither pottage nor curdled
milk, i.e. he is destitute of everything.

sjjA shob, A turban ; a handkerchief,
napkin; (from shustan) washing.

Wy> shaubd, Gruel ; weavers' glue.

shobdn, A shepherd, pastor, herds-
man.

gjj* sh'ubaj, A rolling-pin.

<4lJ)j4. shubarg (?), New or made wine.

shobaet, An incantation, fascina-
tion ; a cure.

<sXjy» shaubak, Name of a Syrian strong-
hold.

a ^yyJjt, shu'bub, A shower or sudden
downpour of rain ; the side of anything.

Sj?. shav-para (for shab-para), A bat.
— >j& shopast, = — >y» q.v,
shutan, Name of a man.

fcj£ shokh, Cheerful, sprightly, mirthful,
jovial, festive, joyous, brisk, spirited ; saucy,
impertinent, petulant, insolent, bold, brazen,
impudent, shameless ; whimsical, capri-
cious, playful, mischievous ; ready (with an
answer), pert ; beautiful, pleasing ; a rob-

( 765 )

ber, highwayman ; a hedgehog ; hands or
feet hard from work or walking; a tree
which, when one branch is lopped off, throws
out several new ones ; [ahokh bastan {girif-
iari), To become hard, callous, thick, and
rough from labour (the hand) ;] — shukh,
Dirt, filth, impurity ; pus, matter.

shukhdnidan (caus. of shukhidav),
To make filthy, &c.

i)V fy* shokh-tardzu., An impostor, a
cheat.

i**^ shokh-chashm, Impudent, wan-
ton.

ij*-*"* tf* ehokh-chashrni, Impudence.

ij& shokh-didagi, Barefacedness.
Jjio pjA, shokh-dida, Impudent, wanton.
*sOj fcy» shokh-rang, Of a bright colour.
» t}* shokh-ru (^jj ray), Insolent, bold,
daring.

ehokh-eabdn, Forward in speech,

pert.

shaukhat, An ear of corn or millet ;
a cluster of dates.

a ut*«--J» shokh-fabi'at, Naturally gay.

O^j* ehokhgin, Hard, callous; — shukhain,
A running sore.

^ shukh-gir, Sordid ; a coal-rake.

(^ft&s-jA shokh-gln, Callous (hand or foot) ;
a running sore.

(j^^-j* shokh-ginl. Hardness, callosity.

^ t^> shukh nak, Sordid, nasty, filthy.

yjjiyb shokhudan, To scratch; to as-
semble.

shokhi. Jollity, mirth, petulance,
impudence ; [sho/chit (for shokhi turd) na-
girad, Don't be cheeky (rn.c.) ; — shokhi
kardan, To joke, to make fun, to frolic
(m.c.);] — shukhi, Filth, rust, rubbish.

gXs^-jA shokhidan, To be jovial, cheerful ;
— ehukhidan. To be rusty, filthy ; to flatter;
to vex, plague, disgust ; to hide ; to make
haste.

o' 5- * 4 ' shokhi-kada, A place of enjoy-
ment.

^ shftd (for shud), Is, was, became,
was made ; a garment singed by tire ; a
little ant ; — shiwid, Anise.

(J*^ j y« shuddnig, A woodpecker.
shudar, A plant like the citron.

yjj*. shiidan, To be, become ; to go, de-
part ; to die ; to cease, fail ; to carry off,
remove ; to obliterate, erase.

shudi, Perfection, completion.

Ajj& shaur (v.n.), Publishing, divulging;
exhibiting (for sale) ; gathering (honey)
from a hive.

jjA shor, Salt, braeldsh ; salsuginous
ground; terror, flight; bad luck; commo-
tion, agitation ; a tumult ; fluctuation (of
water) ; troubled or dirty water; calamity ;
contest, contention, litigation ; cry, noise,
outcry; labour, exertion ; a brazen trumpet ;
(imp. of shoridan, in comp.) mixed, con-
founded ; (in the sense of terror, &c, con-

strued with the verbs utftadan, afgandan,
andakhtan, bar-dmadan, bar-dwardan, bar-
khdstan. chakidan, and kardan ;) [ba-shor
amadan, To feel fatigued ;] — shawar, (in
Zand and Pazand) Full, satisfied.

s-^jj** shor-db, Name of a city ; and —

ijVijA shordba, Salt, brackish water.

slwr-akJitar, Ill-starred, unlucky,
unfortunate.

jjA, shor-angez, Tumult-exciting.

ts>^ JJ 4, shor-angm, Sedition.

Qj^\jjk shordnidan, To cause to mix ; to
render muddy; to make mad; to give to
wash.

Wjj* shorbd, Broth, soup, gruel ; — shorbdyi
ashk, Drink consisting of tears, the tears of
the afflicted.

a sWy^ shurabaj (for P. shorbd), Soup.

us^. shor-bakht, Unfortunate ; sordid.

iV J* 4, shor-bum, Brackish, barren ground.

w y& ehor-pa, A horse that cuts or knocks
his knees together in travelling.

u^aj shor-pusht, Quarrelsome, noisy.

a g^y* shoraj (for P. shora), A salt-marsh.

glij^A shurtdgJi,, A kind of yellow wood ;
according to others, a yellow plant growing
in sandy places.

shor-chashm, Malignant-eyed.

tr*"j >J* shor-zainin, Salt, barren land.

qU-.jjA shoristan (in poetry also a^jj*
shorisdn), A marsh, salt-marsh.

a jJ— jy» ahor-silah, A soldier ready-armed
for battle ; the vanguard.

\Jij}&> shorish, Confusion, mixture, tu-
mult, rebellion, insurrection (construed
with the verbs afgandan, andakhtan. baetan,
and nihddari) ; nausea, disgust ; salt-pits ;
victuals over-salted ; — shorish morish, Utter
confusion (m.c.) ; — shorish ufitna, Rebellion
and insurrection ; — dar shorish amadan, To
get confused, agitated, Ac. ; to revolt, to
grow tumultuous.

jU. shor-shdr, ^ shor-sharr, ^
shor-shardbd, s ^ shor-shaghab, Noise,
tumult, disturbance, bustle, clamour.
a £JU= j^Sh shor- tali' = _y& q.v.
x> j^a shor-gaz, A kind of tamarisk (see
/Ojy*).

&\*Sjji. shor-giydh, Salsuginous herbage,
fjji. shoram, A hill or mountain ; ink ; a
quince.

yf jy» shor-mor, Small ants ; — } y } _y*
q.y.

shorwa, Broth.
tejt y jftb shor u ganglia, Tumult and
riot.

it* i J)^ 8 h°r u mor, Weak, mean, vile,
contemptible ; unlucky ; noise, tumult,
confusion (see shorish morish under <J*jjh).

fyy* shora, Marshy, unfertile ground ; a
salt-marsh; niti-ous earth ; nitre, saltpetre ;
a bee's nest ; baldness ; a horse-market ;
white leprosy ; flowing of water ; humidity ;
a sort of quince; [shora bastani ear, The

jj*> ( 766 )

head grows bald ; — $hora zadani jild, A
chronic squamous inflammation of the skin,
pityriasis (med.) ;— shora'i qalami, Salt-
petre ;] — shaura, Shame, modesty.

ts~*>> By* shora-pmht, Refractory, dis-
obedient.

ff *y* shora-bum, Salt, brackish (ground).
shora~mr, Bi-ackish ground ; salt-
works, a saline.

f «y* shoragar, A saltpetre -manufac-
turer.

jS SyA ehora-gaz, A kind of tamarisk.
us)U Sy* shoranak. Brackish, salt (land).
i£))»> short, A seller or maker of salt-
petre.

A ilyj* shaura, A certain marine plant ; —
sh'iird, Counsel, consultation, deliberation,
advice.

cjj|4 shoriyat, Salsuginousness.
^j^y. shoridagi, Confusion ; love ; mad-
ness.

y^y. ahorldan, To be disturbed, per-
plexed, mixed, confounded ; to grow mad,
to play the fool ; to wash ; to perform or
manage well:

s jjjji. shorida, Disturbed ; mixed ; mad,
frantic, desperately in love - , faint, de-
jected ;—sharlda kardan, To madden ; to
terrify.

u:-^. shonda-bakM, Unfortunate ;

infamous.

<jt^&> s.i>)j* shorida^ushi, Eefractory, res-
tive, disobedient.

a shorlda-hal, Mad, distracted.

a p*t. z-xtjjb shorlda-khdtir, Dejected,
sad.

a £Uj SAjyA shorida-damdgh, ^.jf* 1
thorida-ray, Mad, crazy.

i\j t^j^ shorida-rdh, Strayed from the
right road ; heretical

f>^)^" shorida-rang, Of impure colour ;
rakish, disorderly.

jlfjjp t"*tjy± ehorida-rozgdr, Destitute,
without means, helpless.

"-A}) B.ijyA shorida-zulf, With dishevelled
locks.

j~, i*tj)± ehorlda-sar, Hare-brained, giddy;
a qalandav monk.

}S shorida-kar. In deranged cir-

cumstances ; whose affairs are in a muddle.

a &^*> shorida-kaldm, Confused in
one's speech, talking at random.

}*-* s^j* shorida-maghz, Mad, crazy,
muddle-headed.

jiyA shauriz, shoriz, A field ready for
receiving seed ; a sower ; name of a drug.

Sjj«< ehiizha, jS 8^ji shuzha-gaz, A gore,
gusset.

A <_>■*/» skiis (v.n.), Rubbing of the
teeth ; chewing of anything used as a den-
tifrice ; — shawas (v.n.), Looking askance
(from pride or anger).

shosa, Causeway (m.c. from Pr.
chaussee).

u*>j* shaiish, A branch cut from a vine ; —
— shush, Name of a city in Khuzistan.

A \J*yb shvsh, Bold men ; name of a fort-
ress near IVlosul.

shUshtar, The capital of Khuzistan.

csXkys. sfi.w3fc.afc, A violin with a large
belly, long neck, and four strings ; a sort
of partridge.

^>*AjA shushnur, Cardamom.

} t. } i. shushu, Millet.

i*-y» shusha, An ingot of gold or silver ;
chips, rubbish, filth ; a heap of sand ; a
grave-stone, a tablet ; a particle, part ;
gold or silver thread.

a fffbshaus (v.n.), Erecting, fixing, plant-
ing; washing, cleaning; rubbing the teeth
with the miswdh ; rubbing with the hand ;
leaping in the womb (a foetus) ; tooth-ache ;
gripes.

a &*yb ehausat, A puffiness of the skin
above the eyes ; a swelling inside the ribs.

ky*. shut, Chattering (m.c, see tU).

a Soj* shaut, One course or heat (in a
race) ; one of the seven runs round the
Ea'bah ; a turn, a round ; — shauti Idtil,
Light through a hole in the wall which
appears to turn round ; — shauti bctrajl, A
jackal.

a £y» ehaw' (v.n.), Being dishevelled
(the hair) ; — shu'. The tamarisk or its fruit;
—shawa,', Being dishevelled, coarse, and
hard (" so as to resemble a thorny shrub").

shogh, Callousness of the hands and
feet; filth on the body or garments; im-
pudent, shameless.

l£ shav-g&d, A fold, pen, stable for
cattle.

&jUy> shavgJiaba,, = lijUjA q.v. (probably
misreading).

jVijA shavghar, ijU j*. shav-ghdra, A fold
for cattle ; — shugiJxr, Alum.

t\& jo, shav-ghdh (originally shab-gdh), A
fold for cattle.

<5^j6. shoffha, Blisters rising from hard
work ; a vine-branch (unsupported by
examples).

a shauf (v.n.), Polishing, furbish-
ing ; adorning (a woman) ; anointing with
pitch (a camel) ; a harrow.

a j)* ghauq (v.n.), Tilling with desire ;
desire, yearning, love ; affection, inclina-
tion, predilection ; fancy ; pleasure ; curio-
sity; sympathy; construed with dddan,
rekhtan, <fcc. ; — shuq {pi. of ashwaq), Lovers ;
affectionately inclined.

a ut—jo jyS» skauq-durust, Sincere desire.

a jj-i j>]± shauq-zauq, Pleasure, gratifica-
tion.

a ^s 1 )* sh.av.qi, Lovin g, amorous ; cheerful,
a ghauqiya, The part of an epistle
which follows the address, expressive of the
writer's longing to see the addressee again,
and generally composed in rhyme.

a Sjfc shank (v.n.), Wounding ; pricking,

jJy. ( 767

piercing ; walking over or falling amongst
thorns ; a thorn, thistle, prickly shrub ;
[shauki mubdrak, Carduus bened'ictus ;] —
shawik, Thorny ; armed with pointed wea-
pons, clad in armour,

shuk, (in Zand and Pazand) A mar-
ket-place.

^jjA ehukd, A roe-buck, deer (m.c.).

shav-har (for jV£*a), A night-robber.

a iij* shauJcat. One thorn ; a sting (of a
scorpion) ; a thorny plant ; arms and their
sharpness or edges ; the brant of the battle-
field ; a wound ; an erysipelas ; majesty,
power, grandeur ; dignity, pomp ; — shau-
katu 'l-hd'ik, A weaver's instrument used
for making the surface of the texture even ;
— shaukatu 'l-'aqrab, The sting of the scor-
pion; — shaukati shdhdna, Imperial majesty.

a Qif" "•■•^j* shaukat-rnaqrun, Imperial,
royal, glorious.

shaukardn, Hemlock, hellebore.

<a^jA shokak, J£jA ahokal, Whirl of a
spindle.

*f)* sMka, A mould in which ingots are
cast.

shug, Hemlock.
IJj* nhav-gd, shav-gdh (for shab-guh),
A fold tor cattle ; evening.

shawagdn (pi. of shawa), Keasons,
causes, motives.

shugim, A good omen.
a J.) 4 * ihaul (v.n.), Elevating, raising,
lifting (a stone or water-pot, or a camel
her tail) ; being cocked (tail) ; light of
weight ; a small quantity of water (in a
bucket or left in a bottle).

Jj& shot (imp. of sholidan), Behold, see,
know thou ; seeing, knowing ; name of a
race.

oSjA shaulan, A halter, noose, rope,
lasso.

A aJ^a. shaulat, The tail of a scorpion, or
the cocked up part of it ; two stars in the
tail of the scorpion forming the 19th man-
sion of the moon ; name of a woman noto-
rious for stupidity.

shaulak, A bird that often changes
colour ; — sholak, A swift horse ; the horse
of Isfandiyar ; a whirl on the top of a
spindle.

aholman, (in Zand and Pazand)

Hell.

shaula, A dunghill, place for rubbish ;
a place for drying dung for fuel in baths ;
a single fold of cloth ; a meteor ; name of
a lunar mansion (see A. &)*•).

shall, Name of a dialect of the

Persian.

gxAjh. sholidan, To be distracted; to be
undetermined, to have a thousand thoughts.

Cj^jA sholida, Distracted ; a ruined
house ; a stable.

A ft'jtt ehu'm (v,n.), Being ominous; mis-
fortune, ill-luck ; — sham, Blacks ; a miser,

)

niggard ; inauspicious, unfortunate, un-
lucky ; disgraceful, vile.

***»_>Ujdi shumdrmand, (in Zand) Weeping.

JUj* shii-mdl, Again; a machine for
glazing clothes.

a m^k. ^^j, ahum-bakht. Unfortunate,
wretched.

a sh'tim-tan, Ill-omened, cursed.

shomakh, Ill-omened, unauspicious
(unsupported by examples); — shaumakh,
ehaumikh, shaumukh, shumikh, Balm-gentle,
citrago, parsley.

y*A shiimiz, A field prepared for sowing.

O"^*/ 1 shumietdn, A fort in Turkistan.

a (.j* shum-tab', Ill-tempered ; nig-
gardly, stingy.

a f >*i shum-qadam, Unlucky foot, bad
omen.

a shum-miz&j, Stingy.

shuman, shumin, (in Zand) Fore-
locks.

a <j-*j* shumi, Misfortune ; avarice, stingi-
ness; — shumi'i nafs, Badness of temper.

a i^jH, shumiyat, Stinginess, niggardli-
ness.

j***j*> shawmir, v**^ shaumiz, A farmer ; —
shiimir, shumin, A field ploughed and ready
for sowing; — shumin kardan, To plough.

O^jty-y" shumizidan, To till the ground.

tj**j* shumin, shomln, Spinach.

ay* shun, G-ores of shifts.

OjU^i** shiinbrun, Shonbrunn near Vienna
(m.c.).

a &j& shunat, ehuna, A corn-magazine.
shawand, pi. c^J^j* shawanddn, Cause,
reason, motive.

shawanda, A hearer, listener.
jA>y» shawandar, Beet-root ; a carrot.
saJjA shawanda, Existing, what exists,
c — S}4> shunist, Incantation ; remedy,
cure.

a t^>j* shauniq, and —

usiiju. shaunik, A horse with white legs
and a black tail.

a j^V shu'nw, Coriander-seed.

sMmj, Ground prepared for sowing.
shunlz, Sesame ; Coriander ; pepper ;
land prepared for sowing ; a farmer, an
agriculturist,

a ^j-sy. shwnlziyat, The burial-place of
pious men (sulahd'), in Baghdad ; whence
probably —

ij^Sjii shaunizya, Name of a mosque.

a (j^jA. shu'un (pi. of shdn), and —

a .^Uyi shu'undt (pi. of shu'un), Digni-
ties, honours, &c. (m.c).

a shauh (v.n.), Being ugly (the coun.
tenance) ; length of neck ; also shortness
of it.

sy» shawa, Cause, motive, subject, matter ;
— shawah (for shabah), Agate, jet, black
coral.

A »Uyb shauhd' (fern, of ashwah), Ugly-
faced ; handsome, beautiful (woman) ; a

( 768 )

well-paced horse, long-nosed and small-
nwuthed.

jbj* shauhar, A husband ; — shauhar ba-
afsun basian, To tie up the cod-piece ; —
shauhar bur dan. To be married (a woman
to a man) ; — shauhar (la-shaukar) dcidan,
To give in marriage ; — shauh-ar kardan, To
marry, to get married (m.c).

shauhar-ddr, A married woman.

u 4 ^ shauhar-hush. "Who murders a
husband.

a^s—j U jfcjS. shauhar-nd-rastda, An un-
married woman.

i^ji, ghohira, Ploughed land ; a vine-
arbour.

t>*j^ shuhan, Sesame.

7*Aj*> ghauMr, Beholding, observation.

*j« & j 4 > shuhira, Ground prepared for sow-
ing ; a vine-prop.

sh fihtn, Spinach.

shuhih, Ground prepared for sow-
ing.

ehuy, A husband; (imp. of shustan)
wash thou; (in comp.) washing; a washer; —
shawl, A shirt, shift; — shiwl, Anise; a
small vestibule ; — shwwe, Starch, paste, size.
(vjjkeiUyw shuyantdan, To cause to wash.
io-jjA shiwlt, JJ^*> shiwid, Anise,
(jjkjji. shawldan, To become (= shudan,
unsupported by examples).

a p~*>\ji\ 'bZiy* shuwaika'i ibrahim, Eryn-
giu&i, sea-holly.

5o*j shfty-dida, A married woman ;
a widow (one who has seen a husband).
>}&• shawist, Dispersion, distraction.
elmvfild, Artemisia ; a quince.
shuw'da, A dunghill.
JU shuy-mdl, One who starches

clothes in the loom ; a machine for glazing
clothes.

^jjlu^y. shuyandagi, Washing; — shuyan-
dagi Jcardan, To wash ; to baptize.

sjuj^Ai shuyanda, A washer; a baptizer,
baptist.

iif^skuya,, A wash, cosmetic lotion.

yjLjji shnijidan, To wash.

tAshak, A king, sovereign prince; check
(at chess) ; a bridegroom ; a prohibition ;
full, satiated; (in comp.) great, large,
noble, as shah-zor " stout, gallant, strong,
brave, heroic," shah-mwdr " a good rider,
a jockey, horse-breaker; " \shaki hajla, The
sun ; — shahi khmcar, The sun ; — shahi dw-
pds, Lord of two watches, i.e. Muhammad ;
Adam ; the heart ; — shahi nlm-roz, Adam ;
Muhammad ; Rustam ; the heart ; the
sun;] — shih, Vestibule; yard; — shwh, Exe-
cration, reproaching with extended finger,
spitting while rejecting with disdain, ab-
horring.

V- shahu, O king! Suitable, proper.

shahab, Red juice from the flower
of the plant kdjira.

A. shahab, Milk diluted with water;

— shihab, A flame, a flashing fire ; a fire-
brand; a bright star; a shooting star; a
meteor ; (met.) prompt, active, expeditious ;
— shihdbi saqib, A bright flame.

J^c** shahdd, What is forbidden, unlawful
(unsupported by examples).

a. S^Vys, shahddat (v.n. of -H*), Testifying,
bearing witness to ; evidence ; a testimony,
attestation, especially the Muhammadan
declaration of faith, " There is only one
God, and Muhammad is the apostle of
God " (mostly used in the du. shahddatain,
"the two testimonies ") ; martyrdom ; what
is witnessed by eyesight, visibility ; — shahd-
dat burdan, To produce in evidence (m.c.);
— shahadati td'idl, Corroborative evidence ;
— shakadati takrm, Documentary evidence;
— shahadati hvzuri, Ocular evidence ; — sha-
hddat dddan, To give evidence (m.c.) ; —
shahadati durogh, False evidence ; — sha-
hadati dast-awem, Written or documentary
evidence ; — shahadati sar-basta, Indubitable
evidence ;-— shahadati sahiha, Sound or truth-
ful evidence; — shahadati zanni. Presump-
tive evidence; — shahddat kardan, To give
evidence, bear witness ; — shahadati nd-haqq,
False evidence ;—'dlami shahddat. The visi-
ble world.

a jVj u^jl^i. shahddat-zdr, io^V 1 shahd~
dat-gdh, A place of martyrdom.

a 4<«U ^jL^a shahddat-ndma, A testimony
in writing.

A J&shihdr (v.n. 3 of j9*), Making a con-
tract for a month (shahr).

))\*> ahahd.ru, A cistern (unsupported bj
examples) ; a mortar (see ;;W-).

a jltfi ehuhdq (v.n. of ^H 8 -). Making a
murmuring noise in the throat, as an ass
before braying; sighing, groaning, drawing
the last breath ; name of a mountain.

a f\&>. shihdm (pi. of shahm), Bold, brave ;
sagacious (men).

a shahdmat (v.n. of f^), Being

ingenious ; being bold, brave, courageous ;
being fleet and strong (horse) ; bravery,
dauntless courage ; ingenuity ; quickness
of parts.

yijjJt u^ly*. shakdmet-andesh, Noble-
minded, generous.

Ail^ shahdna, Royal ; royally, kingly.

shuhdyad, Very wicked, depraved
(doubtful word).

a s-V 1 shahb (v.n. of s-*r*), Changing a
person's complexion (heat or cold) ; white-
ness gaining predominance over blackness;
a snow-capped mouutain ; — shuhb, Name of
a place; — shahab, White predominating over
black ; ash-coloured; — shuhub (pi. of shihab),
Bright, sparkling stars ; three days at tlie
end of a month.

a dV^a shahbd\ Ash-coloured, verging to
white ; a mule of an ash-colour, inclining to
black ; a stubborn, biting, kicking mule.

jyW shah-bdru, Tower of a fortress;

( 769 )

ditob or moat round a city or fortifica-
tion.

jV^ffc shah-box, The noblest specieB of fal-
con ; a noble, generous man ; a brave sol-
dier ; an excellent youth ; — shah-bdzi baland-
parwdz, A high- soaring falcon.

shah-bal, Longest feather in the

wing.

Slj a* shah-bald, *JW «sa shah-bdla, The
friend of the bridegroom.

■VtA shahbad, The leader of an army.
shahbarl, Amber.

ky^v** shah-balut, A chesnut.

jAi+if*. shah-bandar, A custom-house; a
free port ; the chief custom-house officer ;
head of the merchants.

^sjn* shah-buy, Ambergris.

ui^Kiffc shah-bait. The last distich of the
gbazal or Eastern ode ; also of'an epigram ;
— shah-baiti du'a'i shah. The conclusion of
the prayer for the king.

shah-par, The longest feather in a

wing.

J*j £*• shah-pil, Chesk by the castle (in
chess).

&*> shah-tar, The thickest string of a

lute.

a BrH* shahtaraj, Fumitory.
m>yH,A shah-tut, A blackberry ; a mul-
berry.

yW shah-jdn, The city of Marv.

J^,^ shah-ehal, A term used at chess
when the king only can move.

A >V» shahd (pi. of shahid), Witnesses,
&c. ; [shahd, shuhd, Honey ; honey-comb ;
— shahdi (shuhdi) fa'iq, Pure honey ;] —
shuhhud (pi. of shahid), Witnesses.

a, shahd-an, In the presence of, before
a witness; — shuhadd' (pi. of shahid), Wit-
nesses ; martyrs ; — ta'rikhu' sh-shuhadd' ,
The eera of the matyrs, i.e. the persecutions
of Diocletian.

a •H* shahd- ab, -H* shahd- aba,
Hydromel.

a j^*, shahd-uftdda, Fallen into

honey.

a j^Ai shahd- arntz, Mingled with

boney.

^Aff*. shahddn, Name of a place, or
mountain.

a g^>i«* shahddnaj (for P. shah-ddna),
Hemp-seed.

shah-ddna, Hemp- seed ; a large
pearl ; the largest bead or grain in a rosary ;
mastic.

a ^ At*, shahd-parwar, Beared with
honey, i.e. delicate.

a s-J shahd-lab. With lips sweet as
honey, honey-lipped ; sweet-spoken, elo-
quent.

^.i^ shahdah, Pleasures sweet as honey.

yrfVj i& shahi du pas, Lord of two
watches, namely, Muhammad ; the sun ;
Adam ; the heart.

jty A| < A shah-dlivdr, A high wall surround-
ing a palace ; a royal wall.

y£> shahr, A city, a town ; — shahri ssanan,
A city inhabited by women; — shahri «4-
pursan, A city where no justice prevails.

a y£> shahr (v.n.), Publishing abroad,
blazoning forth •, drawing or brandish mg &
sword ; the moon, the new moon ; a month
(especially lunar) ; learned ; — shahru 's-sabr,
The mouth of patience, i.e. Eamazan (as
month of fasting) shahri Jehudd, The
month of God, i.e. Bajab.

tsVf y& shahr-drdy, One whose office ia
to decorate a city on public and festive
occasions ; festive decoration of a city.

J \A ^t 4 * shahr-d&ad, «*o\y^ ^ shdhr-amdiya,
Name of a city.

vjM ^ shahr-dshob, A disturber of (the
tranquillity of) the city, a mistress ; poeti-
cal praise or disparagement of the people
of a town.

a <j*iW shahr-amdnati, Prefecture of
a city (m.c).

a (ji** 1 ! ^ shahr-amlnl, Prefect of the
city (m.c).

©V** 1 shahran-guraz, Name of a hero
or champion.

5^4, shah-rdh, The king's highway.

jhc* shahr-bdhaJei, A kind of tur-
quoise.

jlj rtA shahr-bdz, The river Oxus.
ijAj ^ shahr-bash, A citizen, townsman,
fjlylf j^. shahr-bdnil-iram, Name of Gov's
sister married to Bustam.

jt* shahr ba-shahr. City by city,
j^* shahr -band, City -walls; a prison;
a captive.

aUj,^ shahr-panah, Walls, fortifications,
defences, or entrenchments round a town.

a i^i shuhrat, shtihra, (v.n. of y&), Pub-
lishing; publicity; renown, fame, reputa-
tion; notoriety; rumour, report; — shuhrat
dddan, To make public ; to spread a ru-
mour (m.c.) ; — shuhra'i dfdq Qdlam), Cele-
brated all over the world ; — shuhra'i durogb,
A false report; — shuhra'i shahr shud, It is
spread over the city, it is town-talk ; — \»m
u shuhrat, Name and surname ; (shuhrat is
also construed with shudan, kardan, &c).

Jzte p/t, shahr-tdsh, A fellow-townsman, a
fellow-citizen.

a t=j^f4> shuhrat-giwin, Seeking fame.

a uw^a shuhrat-gir, isi^j uwjfl* shuhrat-
ydfta («■"• tei\> ydfta shuda), Who has
obtained renown; celebrated, famous ; what
has become public or notorious.

^-jv 4 " shah-ruMd, A term used at chess.

shahr-ddr, A hunter, bird-catcher.

\jj j^t, shahr-rawd, Current coin.

^s. shahr-zarin, Name of a city built
by Solomon.

)}i /t* ehahr-zor, A city near Babylon, built
by Zor, son of Zahhak.

is))!} 9 * shahrzori, Native of Shahrzor,

( 770 )

surname of Sharosu 'd-dln Muhammad,
author of a Hi story of Natural Philosophers.

y>— shahr-sabz, Name of a city near
Samarqand.

B^ji^ ehahriddn, Fortifications round a
city ; a large fortified city ; — shahr-sitdn, A
conqueror of cities, a king.

a s-ir*^*' shahr-gjyxrlb, A stranger, tra-
veller.

•sirir* ehahrak, A little town, a townlet
(m.c).

**5Jv<< shah-rag, The great artery in the
arm.

efl^jf ;t* ehahr-garddn, Led about in the
city (as a criminal) ; — shahr-garddn Tcardan,
To expose to public disapprobation (a mis-
deed or a criminal ; see jus**).

y^u shahr-gushdy, j*J f£> shahr-gir,
A taker of cities ; a king.

.u-^a shahmand, Covetous, full of de-
sire.

i\i ghahr-ndz. The sister of Jamshed.
shah-rawa, Base money, for which a
despotic king enforced currency in bis
dominions (opp. to \))y^ q-v.).

•J^it* shah-riid, A mighty river ; name of
a nver ; also of a city ; the thickest cord
of a musical instrument ; name of a mu-
sical instrument.

jjrv* shah-ruz, A great river.

'jirv** shah-roza, One who begs his
bread.

8^6, shahra (p), Name of the man whom
Bahrain Giir placed on the throne of
Turan; — shah-rah, A royal road, main
road ; — shuhra, see A. ^r^'

a -^4 »^a shuhra-band, Attentive only to
the surface of things, shallow ; famous,
well-known.

(j^A ehahri, A citizen ; name of an
ancient Persian dialect; — shahr u shahrl,
City and citizens.

a (_5rv* shahri, Monthly.

;V jr*** »hahr-ydr, (friend of the city) A
potent monarch, emperor, king ; the mayor
and great men of a city ; — shahr-ydri haft
iqlAm, Sovereign of the seven climates, i.e.
the sun.

tsj* j*** ehahr-ydri, Imperial, royal,
princely ; regal dignity ; an empire, king-
dom.

a hrii* thahrlyat, Peopling ; population ;
township ; extent of a city ; urbanity,
polite manners; (fern, of A. ^sj9*<) a
monthly salary.

Siirt*. ahahrida, Disturbed, troubled, con-
fused ; widened, flattened.

jijV shahrir, jjJrfc* shuhriwar, Name of
the eighth Persian month (August) ; the
fourth day of every month, according to
the era of Jalalu'ddm ; name of a presiding
angel.

O^jSrv* 1 shahrlwargdn, Name of the
fourth day of the month.

<j)?-j^ shahrlwarl, Of or relating to
August.

fcjV&^A shah-zddagdn (pi. of shah-mda),
Kings' sons, princes.

so^,a shah-zdda, A king's son, a prince ;
a great-nephew.

shah-eiid, _yyt* shah-mr, contraction
of q.v.

JT~v* shah-suwdr, A brave cavalier, in-
trepid hero, valiant champion ; — shah-mwdri,
dashti artmi, Muhammad ; — shah-swwdri
falulc, The sun; — shah-suwari mizmari ma-
ghdzl, The champions and heroes of the
field of battle ; — tabaqaH shah-suwdrdn,
The equestrian order.

a ifiv* shuhqat (v.n.), Making a noise.

j^ii shahhdr, Sown land ; deceit, wili-
neas.

a J<jA ehahl, A lie ; — shahal (v.n.), Having
eyes of a darkish grey colour with a shade
of red.

a Sfl* shahld, A black eye inclined to red,
and having a sly, deceitful, sinister look ;
a dark-grey-eyed woman ; — nargisi thahld,
A dark-blue narcissus; (met.) an eye of
the above description.

0^ shahian, Name of a mountain and
place.

*2&Av*" shahlang, A rope-maker.

aL^a shahla, A bat ; very fat meat.

iSA-V- shahlida, Disturbed, troubled, con.
fused ; pressed, flattened, widened.

a shahm, Sagacious, of a penetrating
mind ; bold, audacious, brave.

vejU^ shah-mdt, Check-mate ; — shah-mdt
shudan, To be check-mated ; (met.) to be
annihilated, utterly routed or oppressed.

jW* shah-ndz, Name of a note in music.

^jU^a shah-nay, A clarion, hautbois.

A^Hfii shahand, Health, welfare.

La^a shahanshd, (Aaa^a shahamhdh, aaj^A
shahanshah, King of kings , — shahanshdhi
falak, The sun.

^jftUw^fj. shahanshdhi, Regal, monarchical,

y~$~>i < ± shah-nishin, A royal seat; a
palace ; a gallery, balcony.

&a shah-nigdr, Deception, imposition.

<uV£a^a shahangana, Dew ; hail.

y^A ehihnau, A thin cake, a fritter.

a uyl^A shahwdt, shahawdt (pi. of shah*
ivat), Desires; — shahwdti nafedniya, Carnal
appetites, lusts.

j\^a shahwdr, Befitting a king ; the most
excellent thing of its kind ; the most pre-
cious pearl ; royal, imperial.

a, (jrtjaA shahwdni, Sensual, libidinous,
lecherous.

A S^a shahwat (v.n. of y<*>), Wishing,
desiring ; desire, appetite, lust ; sensuality,
lechery, lasciviousness, wantonness; — shah-
wati qh izd. Appetite,

■jj3\ ^>y^ shahwat-angez, Lust-exciting;
lascivious.

«.j> u^^a shahwat-paraBt, Slave to lust.

( 771 )

a (jS-yi thahvmt-parasti. Sensuality,
libertinism, debauchery.

a a^uu^a shahwatmand, Lustful.

a jspp thahwatl, Lustful, lewd, lascivious,
wanton.

a -Jyv* shuhud (v.n. of >H*), Being pre-
sent, being an eye-witness ; Friday •, the day
of resurrection ; (in Sufic language) the
Bight of God; (pi. of shahd and shahid)
witnesses, evidences, present at the fact; —
ahli shuhud, Eye-witnesses, those who were
present or assistant at anything; alive.

A_y^,A shuhur (pi. of shahr), Months; —
ihuhitri ma'lumat, The four known or sacred
months among the Muhammadans, muhar-
ram (1st), rajah (7th), zu'l-qa'dah (11th),
and zu'l-kijjah (12th), some substituting
ihauwdl (10th) for rajab.

a j^j* shuhuq, A being high, raised up ;
altitude.

a u)Q*> shahwa, A lascivious woman; —
thaktvi, Sensual, libidinous, lustful.

*Sf4- shiha, The neighing of a horse.

shahl, Royal ; royalty ; tbe relation-
ship of a son-in-law ; happy, cheerful ; a
kind of sweetmeat.

shahi, Wishful, desirous; kind,
affectionate ; desirable, delicious ; — at'ima'i
ehahiya, Exquisite viands.

a J>~(A shahid, shihxd, A witness ; a mar-
tyr ; — shahid shudan, To be a martyr ; —
shahid kardan, To martyr.

a ehahid-an, As a martyr, by way

of martyrdom.

a )\ j a»U shdhid-zdr, y\A..JA\A shdhidistdn,
A place of martyrdom.

a tjJ-j^ shaMdi, A whoremonger.

A^r* shahir, Celebrated, famous, notori-
ous, well-known ; — shahri shahir, A famous
city.

a Spjv* shakira, An old woman.

a v^h,* shahiq (v.n. of The last

bray or drawing in of the voice of an ass
(the first or sending out being p. 611,
where this meaning is to be added).

a shahim, Prudent, ingenious, saga-
cious.

shahin, Name of a city ; — shihin,
Name of a musical instrument; trembling,
palpitation ; tbe gum of a tree.
shi, A corner (see &U~>a).
a shai' (v.n.), Wishing, willing, de-
siring ; a thing, something, somewhat ;
object, matter, affair ; an article ; — shai'u
'llah, It is the thing or will of God ; God
willing, a form of salutation, especially
amongst the dervishes ; — shai'i muhaqqar,
A small matter, a. trifling thing ; — yd shai'a,
Exclamation of astonishment, somewhat
like the English " I never ! " or " You don't

j\*a shiydr, ehayar. Ploughed ground ;
sowing; — shiydr kardan, To plough; —
shiydr gardidan, To be ploughed.

AjW*« shiydr (v.n. of jj*), Exercising (a
horse) ; riding him backwards and forwards
by way of showing him off to a buyer ; ex-
amining (a female slave offered for sale) ;
Saturday.

t)X>»\;W** shiydr dnidan (caus. of the fol-
lowing), To cause to plough, to have
ploughed, &c.

shiydrtdan, To plough ; to pre-
pare the ground for sowing ; to sow ; to
behold.

a (^=W* shaydtin (pi. of shaitdn), Devils j
demons.

a. £La ghiyd' (v.n. 3 of Following
(another), keeping close or adhering (to
one) ; calling camels which lag behind ; a
shepherd's pipe, also its sound ; — shiyd',
shayd', Chips, fire-wood.

a shiydf, A fine collyrium or medi-

cament for the eye ; — also shiydfi talji, (in
the language of Sodomites) Medicamentum
e nive prseparatum quod in anum sodoinitae
refrigerandi causa immittitur.

a. &*teA shi'dmat, = Wa q.v.

(jW* shiydn, Dragon's blood ; — shiydn,
shaydti, A recompense, good or evil.

shiyani) Name of an ancient

say so

^La shiyabi, A dram-weight ; a loan.
a -AjA shaiyad, An impostor, a hypocrite,
a flatterer; an itinerant monk, a dervish.

a sha.il, White hairs, hoariness ;

[ehaibi sha'ib, Extreme hoariness ;] — sMb,
The thong of a whip ; a strap ; — shuyub
(pi. of sha'ib), Grey-haired men.

s~a shib, sheb, A descent, declivity ; the
lower part, base, foundation ; the anus ;
the end of a whip-lash ; a whip ; under,
below ; wet ground made uneven and
rugged by the trampling of men, and
afterwards hardened by the influence of
the sun ; troubled in mind, distracted,
bewildered ; hasty, precipitate ; weeping,
lamentation from excessive grief ; the
whizzing of au arrow ; — shibi bald, Tbe
world; — sMb u bald, Heaven and earth;
giving and taking ; truth and false-
hood ; hot and cold ; sodomy ; — shib-u-tib,
Astonished, confounded, insane ; — shib u
faraz, Descent and ascent.

a bIj^a shxiba' (fem. of ashyab), Grey,
hoary (woman).

W-*> shibd, A viper ; known, manifest,
clear ; gold.

g^j W«a shibd-zubdn (zabdn), Eloquent.

yLL* shibdn, Mixed, jumbled ; trembling.

a A-jW~A shaibdniyat, Name of a sect.

yVl«A shibdnidan, To mix up meal in
water; to cause to tremble.

^ s-** shib-pdld, A skimmer of sweets.

4*-a shiba, The shooting of an arrow.

a <f-*A shaiba, Hoariness ; old age.

&ii«A thibanda, Mixed •, trembling.

j^t-A shaibur, = _y7** q.v.

( 772 ) ^

y thibidan, To be mixed ; to mix ; to
tremble, quake.

shrhin, Inferior ; lower.

jfpA ehaipwr, shlpur, A fife, tube, or
flute ; a brazen trumpet with a large mouth
used of old in battle ; — shipiir kashidan, To
sound a fife.

<Jf shipurchi, j>?* 6 > shlpur-zan, A
fifer, a bugler (m.c.).

iSf^A ehaipuy, Noise made by the feet in
walking ; snoring.

us-** shit, Anise.

shaitarak, sy^A shaitara, Fumitory.

a iS^-a shls, Seth, son of Adam ; name of
the founder of the Ka'bah.

a e** shaih (v.n.), Striving, taking pains,
being active ; — ehih, The wormwood of Pon-
tus, which destroys worms ; striped stuff
of Taman ; diligent, active.

a tj* - ^ C** shih-armcmi, A species of
wormse9d.

£eA shlkh, The sea-shore.

a shaikh, A venerable old man ; a
man of fifty and upwards ; a man of autho-
rity, a chief, prelate, prior, abbot, superior
of the dervishes or Muhammadan monks ;
doctor learned in religion and law; preacher ;
a sheik; a kind of tree; — shaikhu'l-isldm ,
The holder of highest religious authority
in Islam, the Muhammadan pontiff, the
chief mufti; — shaikhu'l-haram, The governor
of Mecca ; — shaikhi najdi, The devil ; —
shaikh u shabb, Old and young,

A o^a«Ai shlkhan (pi. of shaikh), Old
men ; doctors, &c.

a»U*»a shlkhana, The corner of a house.

a shaikhat, An elderly woman; a

white sand-hill in the country of the Banu
Asad and Banii Hauzalah ; — shikhat, xhiya-
khat (pi. of shaikh), Old men, Ac.

a ii^ate* shaikhuhhai, A growing old ;
old age.

a ijijOBs*. shaikhfikhlyat, Old age.
a («afc«A shaikhi, Boasting, bragging.
a yt ,jafc*»> shaikhl-baz, A boaster, brag-
gart.

•VsA shaid, Deceit, fraud, hypocrisy ; —
shed, The sun ; light ; clear, shining bright ;
fascination ; shame, modesty ; name of the
son of Afrasyab ;— shedi dhiraman, Infer-
nal light; illusions.

A .it* shaid (v.n.), Plastering (a wall) ; —
shid, Plaster, mortar.

\>*«a shaida, Mad, insane, in love ; — bul-
buli shaida, The nightingale in love with
the rose ; — dili shaida, A love-sick heart.

t^AjjA shlddb, Name of the person who
instituted the worship of earth, as others
pay adoration to the element of fire.

AqA shed-drdd, Body of the sphere of
Jupiter.

s~-^ shaid-asb asp), Name of the
minister of king Thamiiras.

Ae* shed-ispahbud, The holy spirit.

qU*a shidan, A dining-table.

a j^a shid-andUd, Plastered.

ii\*i>t. shlddna, The jujube tree and fruit.

(jftj** shaidd'l, Insanitv, distraction.

gjuA shldakh, A restive horse ; a stallion
who keeps other horses away from his nook ;
a fleet horse ; a grey horse.

is£>) shed-rang, Name of a philoso-
pher.

.jua shaidasb, Name of a son of Gush-
tasp (= s-— I*** q.v.).

^A-A shldikai, An overpowering or dis-
astrous light.

^ijj^A shedosh, The son of Gudarz, and
brother of Gev.

«jua sheda, Bright, luminous; the sun;
name of the son of Afrasyab ; also of a phi-
losopher and skilful architect, who built
seven castles for Bahrain Gur and was re-
warded by him with the government of
Amul ; — shlda, A horse.

jjk-A shezar, j>±**> shezlr, Name of God.

j**> sher, A lion ; a tiger ; the sign Leo ;
one of the twelve champions ; the picture
of a lion on tapestries, flags, &c. ; (met.) a
boaster, a braggart; a tap (m.c); [sheri
abl, An alligator; — sheri dsimdn, The sign
Leo ; — she.ru, 'l-baskar, Muhamma d ; — sheri
barf (Jbarfi, bar/in), The image of a lion
formed of snow by children ; — shlri posh-
min, The image of a lion made of wool ; —
sheri haji, A circumvallation ; — sheri Aa«?,
The image of a lion on a fountain, &c„
through whose mouth the water runs ; a
tap ; — sheri charkk, The constellation Leo ;
the sun ; — sheri khudd, All; — sheri roz, Sur-
name given to Bahram Gur ; — sheri sipihr,
The sign Leo ; the sun ; — sheri sangl, A
stone lion on the tomb of. a hero ;-— sheri
slstan, The hero Rustam; — sheri shddurwdn,
The figure of a lion painted upon a tent ;
— sheri sharza, A furious lion ; All ; — sheri
sharwHi gAab, The caliph Ali ; — sheri falak,
The sign Leo; the sun; — sheri fulus, The
image of a lion on the coins of Ispahan and
Shiraz ; — sheri gardiln (margh&ari falak),
The sign Leo ; the sun ; — sheri gunjishk,
A rapacious bird of the kite species ; — sheri
magas, A spider ; — sheri namad, The image
of a lion made of felt ; — hai sher-am (shir-
am), My valiant friend (m.c.) ; — sherdni
puldd-khdy, (iron-eating lions) Brave war-
riors; mettlesome horses;] — shir, Milk; —
shir az danddn hishtan, (met.) To suffer
envy ;— shlri uldgh. Ass-milk ; — shir burldan
ba, To wean a child and accustom it to
other food ; — shlri khdm khwurdan, To be
imprudent, careless, inattentive; — shir
khwurdnldan, To suckle ; — shir khwurdan,
To drink or suck milk; — shir dddan, To
suckle ; — shlri dairi qardba, A kind of
whitish-blue ; — shir shudani moy, The hair
grows white ; — shlri shanjarf-gun, Bed
wine ; — shlri subh, The brightness of dawn ;

J**

( 773 )

— tMri mdhi, The teeth of a fish;-— shiri
mddiydn, Mare's milk ; — shiri murgh, shlri
murjfi u jani ddain, Anything extraordinary
or not in existence ; — shir u shaJcar bar-
amadan (budan), To be thoroughly mixed ;
—shir hishtan. To emit ray s ; to renounce a
bounty; — az shir bdz-kardan, To wean;—
az shir bdz-kardagi, Ablactation, weaning ;
— bd ham shir u shakar budan, To be tho-
roughly mixed ; to be united in closest
friendship ; — pusare dar shir, A suckling
(m.c).

*t\js*> shirdba, Poppy, poppy-j uice.

j\^A shiraz, A celebrated city in Persia,
the birth-place of Sheikh Sadi, the author
of the Gulistan, Bostan, &c, whence he is
likewise called Shirazi ; also of Hafiz, and
several other poets; curd strained and
firm ; a kind of cheese ; a confection, elec-
tuary, preserved fruits, or pickleB.

a shiraz, j^S*. shi'rdz, Curd strained
from the whey and firm ; a sort of cheese.

shird-zabdn, Gentle, insinuating.

<j\?*A shirdza, Sewing, working button-
holes, or the back of a book; bands (con-
strued with the verbs az ham. gashtan, az
ham gusistan, bastan, rekhtan, sdhMan, firo
rekhtan, and kardan).

towj Sj\^*a shirdza-basta. Bound (book).
*)V* shirdza-band, Stitched together,
bound (a book).

^S-ut tyye* shirdza-bandl, Binding of a
book.

J*i tyt^-A shirdza-kash, A book-binder.

wsj^**" shirazi, Of the city of Shiraz ; sur-
name of Sa'di, Hafiz and other poets.

£\pjb. shirdgh, Shade, curtain in palace or
tent.

yat. sker-afgan, Overthrowing lions.
a gMt**" shirdmulaj, P. ii*\;sA skirdmula,
The myrobolan fruit.

jJ). sher-anddz, Strong, courageous;
— shir-anddz, A breast emitting milk spon-
taneously.

j-a sher-anddzi, The overthrowing
of lions ; (met.) courage, bravery.

f»\tii\ j^t, sher-anddm, A youth with a
broad chest and slender waist.

<"^s* sherdna, Lion-like, brave ; — shirdna,
A churn-stick.
j^^jA shir-dwar, Milk-giving, milch.

j-A sher-avzan avzhan), Con-

queror of lionB ; brave, bold, strong, cou-
rageous ; name of a man.

laijj^ shir-dhang, Melodious, singing
sweetly.
vsV* shirdy, Ebony.

^^sA shir-hd, Meat or rice dressed with
milk ; curds eaten with fresh milk.

(jjlj j^a sher-bdn, A lion-keeper, keeper in
a zoological garden (m.c).

t5j» jt± shir -boy, (Still) smelling of milk
(lips of a youth).

L-.^A sher-bacha, A lion's whelp.

shirbakjh, j** shir-bakjish, j*a

shir-bakhshvr, A yellow root growing in
Hindustan and Kashmir.

igyi ytA shir-birinj, Milk dressed with rice.

*-Vj* shir-burida, A weanling.

W ;«a shir-baha, (price of milk) a pre-
sent to a wet-nurse ; the portion and para-
phernalia of a bride ; what she takes to
her husband's house.

»*•*; js* shir-pukht, Oil of sesame.

ys*> sher-panja. A lion's claw; (met.)
erysipelas ; a boil in the back.

a e^>* shiraj (for P. shira), Oil extracted
from sesame, or rape-seed.

*"W- shir-jama, A cup of milk ; a
nipple.

shtr-chang, With the claws of a

lion.

4i\i- j-iA sher-khdna, A lion-house, a me-
nagerie ; • — shir-khdna. A tavern, a wine-
shop.

Uji j^a shir-kJturmd, Dates and milk.

ts~*»*- ftft. shir-ihisht. Manna (of Atra-
phaxis spinosa) ; a kind of bread.

^W-s-i-jsA shir-khashkhdsh, Opium.

usU-s. j^a shir-khushk. A kind of manna.
j<A shir-khwdr, A suckling.
j*a shir-khwdragi, Suckling.

^j^-ji* shir-khy>dra. A sucking-babe.

t)\<f* sher-khwdn, Name of a place in
Persia, whither Faridun brought the van-
quished Zahhak.

JO*" J** shlr-khwur, = ;V" q.v.

J '^j^- j«a sMr-khwurdani, Milk- diet.

ijjys. }< j>> shir-khwurda, A suckling.

j\ j j#a shlr-dar, Milch, giving milk.

g\jj«A sher-dagJt, A short-sleeved gar-
ment open in front ; a saddle- pillow.

yU^jA shirddn, A milk-pan ; ventricle of
sheep or kid (stuffed with meat, and
dressed) ; — shirddn bar-garddnidan, To
hang bead-downwards ; — shirddn bar-gash-
tan, To be hung thus.

J^js* sher-dil. Lion-hearted; brave.

'SAjJjeA shir-doshd, A milk-pail.

£jJj-a shir-doah. New milk mixed with
sour milk or meat.

6j_^a shir-dih, A wet-nurse.

;sA shir-dihi, A giving suck.

Wj jjA sfor-rez, Emitting milk.

\\ j-a shir-zd, j<a shir-zdd, Name of a
fattening drug which gives an increase of
milk ; Lichen esculentum.

je A shir-zabdn, Soft, gentle in speech.

SJ je* shir-zaj, Bats' milk.

»jj ;a A shir-zada, A sucking child nau-
seating the milk, and hence weak.

jS^sA shirzaq, Milk of a bat.

0j j*a sher-zan, A lioness (opp. to sAer-
nar) ; a lion-killer.

<Uj ;e A shir-zana, A churn; a churn-stick,
jjj ^jA sher-zor, Of lion strength (surname
given to Bahrain Gur).

( 774 )

*)jt* sherza, A rapacious beast ; strength.
8 J*) j** sher-zahra, Strong or bold as a
lion.

ftj^j 7*** sher-ihiydn, A furious lion ;
brave.

O^*-;** sheristdn, A place 'where lions
abound ; a forest, a desert.

fiA aher-sag, A hare-hunting dog.
sher-suwdr, The sun.
jUUi ^j* sher-shikdr, (lion-hunter) Fierce.
shir-shakar, A kind of silk ; affec-
tion.

a j** sher-tdqi, Matchless, unique ;
proud, arrogant ; timid.

J** sher-ghardn, A fierce lion ; a war-
rior.

a Ui j*a sher-ff&alt, A wrestling-trick.

(jiijj* sher-fash, Lion-like.

a i^i^ sher-quldb, The iron buckle of a
monk's belt, mostly in the shape of a lion,

(jjjuAii isSj-Ai sherak edkhtan {kardan), (to
make one a little lion) To inspire with
courage ; — sherak shudan, To be embol-
dened, inspired with courage.

(j^^*" sher-kappi, An ape resembling a
lion and killed by Bahram Jubinah.

sher-kush, Lion-killing ; a pigeon.
fj* sher-kuk, The slough of a large
serpent.

^j*** shirki, A Chinese animal, having a
yellow body and black mouth.
} \S j«a sher-gav, A bull,
f/ shir-garm, Milk-warm, lukewarm.
\lS yjjh shir-giyd, Name of a milky herb.
yiA shir-giydh, A species of milky

grass.

jtS j-*> sher-gir, ^jtS j^a sher-giri, A cap-
turer of lions ; — shir-gir, Who takes or has
taken milk ; (met.) tipsy, half drunk ; an
instigator, exciter ; persevering in business;
name of the twenty-eighth day of the
month.

a s^UJ j<a thlr-lu'db, Honey.

shir am, Mixed, mingled (doubtful) ;
— sher-am. My lion, my valiant friend (m.c,
Bee hai sher-am under j«a sher).

JU ^a shir-mdl, Bread made with milk.

gUjl* shermdn, (lion-like) Warlike.

(jfcU sher-mdhi, (lion-fish) A fish of
whose bones they make knife-handles ; —
shir-mdhi, (milk-fish) Name of a delicious
fish with white scales.

js* shir-mdya, Bennet.
ytfi> sher-mard, (lion-man) Bold, coura-
geous, athletic ; one who, by a course of
severe discipline, has attained eminence in
the divine life.

O^j* js* sher-marddn, Heroes; holy
men.

ty" }** ihlr-murgiu (milk-bird) The bat
(because it suckles its young).

ta— « js* sheri mast, A raging lion ; brave,
warlike ; — shir-mast, A fat lamb six months
old.

usJtoj** sherndk, Abounding in lions (a
place) ; — shirnak, Full of milk, milch.
Offi* shiranj, A species of black root.

sher-namd, Appearing like a lion.
shirna, = q.v. (unsupported by
examples).

,j> j»* shir-nay (shiri nay), Sugar-cane
juice.

\j j** shir-wd (for shir-bd), Meat or rice
dressed with milk ; curds eaten with fresh
milk.

t^jye* shirwdn, A country in Persia ; name
of a town.

a vfWjpt, shtrwdndt, The (places called)
Shirwan (m.c).

a ij»\5^ shirwdni, Of or belonging to
ShtrwSn.

^-t— j }< a shir-u-sibakh, (milk and salt)
Incongruous, contrary, opposite.

} jet. shir-u-shakar, (milk and sugar)
A kind of silk cloth.

( » e U.j^ ; 4. shirUshilvm, Jerusalem.

(^.y** shiraug&an, Oil of sesame.

aii^A shiruna, An ulcer growing on the
heads of children ; a disease of the head or
brain, madness ; a disease amongst cattle.

^j** sheruy, A son of Khusrau Parwez ;
also name of several champions.

fojjtA eheruya, Great, honourable, digni-
fied ; brave, valiant ; name of the son of
Khusrau ; also of several champions.

(Sjs* shir a, New wine ; an intoxicating
kind of drink ; the expressed juice of any
fruit except olives, syrup ; oil of sesame ; a
tray with a leg to stand upon ; maslock ;
name of an island ; — shira'i augur, Wine,
must ; — shira'i bdddm, Almond emulsion ; —
shira'i khurmd, Juice of dates ; — shira'i
rawdn, Thin juice; — shira'i shakar (qand),
Juice of sugar, molasses; — shira'i qandi
ghaltz. Syrup; — shira'i kdhii, Lettuce-] uice.

Ajjjj shira-rewand, Gamboge.

s->^jA jj,* shira-shardb, (_y&^ angiir), New
wine, must.

^j-a sheri, Lion-like ; ferocity ; — sheri
kardan (namudan), To display leonine
ferocity ; — shiri, Milky ; part of a ship.

^.■s* shirin, Milky, sweet ; pleasant,
gentle, gracious, affable; deticate ; a sweet-
meat or confection ; an infant at the breast;
name of a celebrated lady, the mistress of
Farhad ; — shirin b-udani khan. Blood (shed
in revenge) is sweet ; — shirin shudani lab,
shirin kardan lab-ni, To smile sweetly ;—
shirin kardan bdddm, To candy or crystal-
lize almonds ; — shirin kardan zamin-rd, To
ameliorate the ground ; — ashki (ndni) shi-
rin, (met.) Famine ; — bdda'i shirin, Sweet
wine; — shahidi shirin-jamdl, A mistress re-
sembling Shirin in beauty. (See also i^*J.)

a\S\ (^J;*a shirin-add, Singing sweetly;
speaking eloquently.

jli (^i^ shirin-bdf, A dolicate kind of
texture.

a shir in-bay an, Liquorice.

a JW shirin-jamdl, Beautiful like

Shirln.

a *i>\Sje. t^jt*. shirin-harakdt, Moving
gracefully.

t)/^- t>*j** shirln-kkdtun, A beautiful and
amiable lady.

fV" shirin-khirdm, Walking grace-

fully.

a f*~~t* y*;** ehirin-tabaeemn, With a sweet
smile.

a shirin-iakallum, Sweet-spoken.

tr*«* Di^** 1 shirin-dahan, Sweet-mouthed.

t)W) (^s^A shirin-zabdn, With an enchant-
ing tongue ; eloquent ; sweet-spoken, af-
fable.

o^i t^j** sform-z<x&d?M, Sweetness of
speech ; eloquence.

t)*~ shmn-aukhun, Sweet-spoken.

a JfU* (tfjf shirin-shamd'il, Amiable.

a i3*/«* shirin-sarir, Moving with a
pleasing sound (a pen).

a sJiirin-sanum, (sweet idol)

The beloved.

a C*k (^** Sweet-tempered.

c0 ^~* (^** shirin-fasdna, Who tells plea-
sant tales.

tsly^A shirlnak, Somewhat sweet, sweet-
ish; a kind of eruption common to chil-
dren.

^ i&jiA shirin-Mr, Of gentle manners ;
a maker of sweetmeats ; an amusing com-
panion ; a buffoon.

WSj** shirin-Mrdn, Flatterers ; of
mild dispositions ; makers and vendors of
sweetmeats ; jugglers, buffoons.
a shirin-kaldm, and —

jv&f ^j^fc shirin-guft&r, Sweet-spoken,
eloquent.

fof tHj** shirin-guwdr, Easy of diges-
tion.

s-J tsfy** shirin-lab, Sweet- lipped ; sweet-
spoken, eloquent.

«■ J^* i^j** ehirin-maqdl, Sweet-spoken.

■^re* ehlrina, An eruption common to
children ; a disease incident to cattle ;
blight, mildew ; a chum-stick.

shirini, Sweetness ; amiability ; a
sweetmeat, sweets ; — shirini i kjiun, The
sweetness of revenge ; — shirini'i shambih,
Sweets eaten on the beginning of the week
to augur well for the remainder of it.

a shzs, An Indian wood for making
saucers ; according to some, ebony ; name
of a tract in Azarbaijan.

<i£>j >A shin-rang, The milk or the excre.
ments of the bat (doubtful).

^yc ye* shit-gun, The jujube-tree and
fruit.

hL^a shield, A good sign or omen (un-
supported by examples).

la^-j^L-.,* slusalhurst, Chislehurst (m.c).

^JU-a shishdJc, A yearling lamb ; a four-
stringed instrument.

775 ) jiM"

ts&JLi^a. shl8hdlang, (in the dialect of
Karman) The wagtail.

ihishat, Asperity of nature, heavi-
ness of disposition.

shishak, A sheep a year old ; a
magpie ; a small partridge j a four-stringed
instrument.

shishala, Weak, langid ; paralytic ;
drunk; anything faded, ragged, or spoilt
from age ; a hole in isilk or linen (from
friction, contusion, the gnawing of mice, or
moths) ; whatever is beaten or carded (as
cotton, wool, or flax).

j*- * -** shishum, Name of a musical instru-
ment.

shishu, A small kind of partridge ;
an animal resembling an ape ; a descent,
declivity (this meaning doubtful).

iJi-jA sMsha (from T. .J^a ," swelling,"
on account of the bulging shape of a bottle),
A glass, bottle, flask, phial, cup, caraff, de-
canter; glass; a looking-glass ; a cupping-
glass ; urinal and its contents ; the highest
heaven ; — shisha bar sar (bar sari bazar)
bastan, To divulge secrets ; — shisha bar tar
kashidan, To quaff a cup to the dregs, or
at one draught ; to cover the head with a
diver's bell; — shisha bar (dar) sang u/tad
(ayad), Life becomes troublesome ; — shisha
ba-sari sang zadan, To divulge secrets (the
passive being expressed by amadan for
zadan) ; — shisha band hardan, To produce a
whistling sound by blowing into the bent
fingers; — shisha'i hajjdm (hijdmat), A cup-
ping-glass;-— shisha' i khundb, The sky; —
shisha dar jigar shiJcaslan, To render restless
or unsteady ; — shisha-rd band zadan (pai~
wand hardan), (met.) To form a sincere
friendship; — shisha'i rauzan, A coloured
glass window; — shisha' i sd'at, An hour-
glass ; — shisha'i 'aks, A (photographic)
negative (m.c.) ; — shisha'i 'aks andakhtan,
To take such (m.c.) ; — shisha'i gul-zdr, A
glass globe or covering to protect artificial
flowers, &c„ from the dust ; — shisha'i mdh,
The moon ; the sky ; — dtiski-sMsha, A burn-
ing-glass.

jtj shisha-bdz, A player at cups and
balls ; an impostor ; the aun.

^jt* .Li-,* shlsha-bdzi, Jugglery with cups
and balls.

gVjj* <5_i._4. shisha bd farxdn, White.
h\ji iJ^A, shisha ba-rdh, Preventing,
screening.

t)W shlsha-jdn, J J shisha-dil,

With a heart transparent as glass, pure-
minded ; of a gentle disposition.

<uU a-s-A shisha-k^dna, A palace, house, or
apartment decorated with mirrors ; a glass
house, a crystal palace.

(«ky)-

.^3

shisha-rang. Glass-coloured

shisha-zdr, A place over-strewn
with fragments of glass.

j** ( 776 )

)V» shisha-adz, A glass-blower,

iAjAi £4^4, shighd shisha, Flask after flask.

j* 4 *** shishagar, A glass-blower.

4JU. jg< u . jA shishagar-khdna, A glass-
blower's -workshop, a glass-manufactory.

(;j^>jjS kfc fl A shisha-garddn, A j uggler, cheat.

(jjjjS shisha.gardan, Silly, stupid.

a shlaha-irnahal, A glazed palace.

a uuLi iU,* sAfsAa-raaoatf, A glass vessel
for crystallizing sugar.

"M ' t * shishih, A kind of small par-
tridge.

a ijoe* ehis , A kind of very bad sour
date (such as is produced when the flowers
of the male palm-tree have not been
sprinkled over the female) ; a date whose
stone has not yet grown hard ; a kind of
fish ; tooth-ache ; gripes ; — ahu 'shshis, Name
of a poet of the tribe Khuza'ah.

a ehait, shaiiutat (v.n. of W*)j

Being burnt up, or absorbed in cooking
(butter or oil) ; having the burnt parts of
victuals sticking to it (a pot) ; perishing ;
being distributed entirely (a slaughtered
camel) ; mixing bloods, i.e. killing a homi-
cide in the act of murder; remaining un-
avenged (murder).

a (jlW*« shaitdn, Satan, the devil ; a
demon, deuce ; proud, stubborn, perverse
(demon, man, animal) ; a serpent of a
hideous appearance ; a mark branded on a
camel along the thigh ; — skaitdim 't-taq,
Surname given to Muhammad bin Nu'mSn
by the Sunnites, from the fortress Taq, in
Tabaristan, where he lived, while the
Imarniyah sect, to which he belonged, call
him mu'minu 't-taq ; — shaitanu 'l-fald, De-
mon of the desert, i.e. thirst; — shaitdni
muja.B8am, A devil incarnate ; — rausu 'eh-
shaydtm, Name of a plant.

a i*-iUasA ehaitdnat, utJUsjA shaitanat-
kari, Devilry (m.c).

a JW*- t)^ 0 ** shaitdn-khiyal, Satanic, dia-
bolical ; diabolic thought.

a jfU» yU"*»i shaipdn-tair, The devil's bird,
i.e. the bat, or the owl.

a \JS gUia*. shaitan-kmh, A destroyer of
demons.

a ^U^a shaitdni, Diabolical, devilish; —
thaitani skudan, To dream ; to be polluted ;
— shaitdni kardan, To cause to dream ; to
pollute.

a A-iUa** shaif&niya, Diabolical malice ; a
war-engine.

A sMtaraj, ifa*- shltamlth, An In-
dian medicine very acrid and caustic, fumi-
tory ; name of a Turanian champion.
skaitara, Fumitory.

A shaitanat (v.n. of ykj>), Being

proud, obstinate, satanic, devilish ; diabo-
lism, diabolical pride or malignity; devilry.

a shaitutat, = q.v.

A shai' (v.n.), Being divulged, pub-
lished ; quantity, space, measure ; what

follows anything; a follower; a lion's
whelp.

a shai'at, A certain tree from which
bees cull honey, and with which clothes
are perfumed ; — shl'at, sM'a, A multitude
following one another in pursuit of the
same object; particularly applied to the
partisans of 'AH and his sons, the Shi'ah
sect, the Shi'ites.

« ls*** shl'i, Belonging or referring to
the Shi'ah sect.

us^ 5 *** sheftagi, Astonishment, loss of
one's senses ; greediness.

eH 14 ** sheftan, To become insane or dis-
tracted with love.

ijdiA shejta, Mad, enamoured; strongly
inclined ; astonished ; — shefta'i lease budan,
To be in love with.

isftj iSJtii, sTiefta-rang, An apricot, a
smooth peach ; a kind of sweet white carrot,
a parsnip, skirret.

a JU iiij* shefta-hal, In a state of be-
wilderment ; all of a flutter.

Jo iskjA shefta-dil, With an enamoured
heart.

a tJM» shiq, A mountain ; a high and in-
accessible part of it ; the edge or border of
anything, a side ; hair of a horse's tail ; a
kind of fish ; name of a place ; — shaiyiq,
Full of desire, libidinous, lecherous.

i£))"}*o i ' shiqumuri (Gr. cro/co/xopos), The
sycamore.

t &a,sA shaiqa, A kind of boat or vessel.
shik, A paralyzed hand or foot ; lan-
guid, inert.

tAj^* 4 * shaikurdn, A species of hemlock.
jlSsA shigdr, An order to work for
nothing.

J^sMl, Fishery (m.c).
uylM- shildt (pL of the preceding),
Fisheries (m.c).

,vji*A sJielan, A royal table or entertain-
ment ; a dinner-table or carpet ; the jujube ;
Growing corn ; a place luxuriant in green
herbs ; — sheldn ka-shidan, To spread the
dinner-carpet.
iiie*> sJieldna, The jujube,
•fill** shilaJe, The mouth of a musket.
a / J e A shailam, Tares or darnel (which if
eaten in bread cause a slight intoxication).
u^, shailicna, A tortoise.

shlla, Eice-soup ; wormwood.
h shela, A kind of cloth (see al*-).
a ^ shaim (v.n.), Putting (one thing
into another, especially a sword) into the
sheath ; drawing a sword ; watching a
thunder-cloud in expectation of rain ; —
shim, A kind of fish (see the following
article) ; — shayam, Soil never yet dug, re-
maining in its original state of harduess,
virgin soil ; — shiyam (pi. of ehiniat), Natu-
ral dispositions ; manners, habit ; — jalllv,
'eh-shiyam Of good natural parts, highly
endowed ; — hdtim-shiyani, With qualities

( 777 )

>Le>

like Hdtim's, most generous (see *>U
p. 406).

shim, A small, spotted, scaly fish;
the fish which swallowed Jonah ; name of
a river abounding in this fish ; an honorific
title (sir, your worship, &c).

a <w~> sMmdy bisha, Name given

by the inhabitants of Amul to the forest
Tammesha (see , p. 325).

a shimai, Habit, nature, disposition.
. sMm-rud, Name of the river men-

tioned under f*** .

<U.->* shema, A kind of grape.

a j^*. shain (v.n.), Disgracing, dishonour-
ing, degrading ; dishonour ; disfigurement,
blemish ; — shin, Name of the letter , in
the abjad = 300.

shin, A man addicted much to
venery ; (for nishin) sit down.

shmd, Swimming, natation.

v>W*> shmab, Labour, study ; swimming.
v-** shin-kJiiydr, a large cucumber
kept for seed.

•U^-a- sh'tna, A kind of pipe.

jWf y** shm-giydr, = jW- q.v.

a je*-J* shainlz, Coriander-seed.

yrA shev, A declivity ; base, foundation ;
below, under ; humble, low ; a valley ; rice-
soup ; a bow.

\fz&> shevd, Eloquent.

•jU-a shiwad, A kind of water-fowl.

a (>j shevd-zabdii, Eloquent-tongued.

q\)-**> shlwdn, Mixed, jumbled ; trem-
bling.

yj^ljaA sMwdnidan, To mix ; to steep
flour in water, to knead; to cause to
tremble.

A sliuijiijck, shiyukh (pi. of shaikh).
Aged men.

a <M*j~*> shuyukMyat, Old age.

lAj^ shuyftsha, An ingot of gold ; the
stalk of a cucumber.

a shayil', Firewood ; — shuyu' (v.n. of
£*■«»), Publishing ; publicity, &c.

a ^j** shuyu'i, Publicity; general use
(m.c.) ; — shuyifi ddshian, To be in general
use (m.c).

QjtAshevan, Lamentation (construed with
the verbs dmadan, bar-ddshtan, tcardan,
kashidan and giriftan) ; a spear.

a qjSm shu'un, shuyun (pi. of slum),
Ranks, dignities (= c^y* q- v -)'.

^ shiwan-kun, Lamenting, making
lamentation (m.c.).

sjij~s. shiwanda, Mixed ; tremulous.

ij^u sheioa, .Amorous looks, gestures,
blandishments, coquetry, feigned disdain,
or playfulness of lovers ; the graceful move-
ments of a lovely girl ; an air of elegance ;
beautiful, delicate, tender ; a habit, custom,
natural disposition ; a manner of living or
acting ; skill, perfection ; business, trade,
profession, art ; acquisition ; a sect ; ap-
paratus.

t^t, shewa-bdz (construed with the
verbs bar ruy ham shikastan, dddan, dash-
tan, sipurdan, tapldan, kardan and giriftan),
A lover, a male or female coquet, playing
off all the pretty arts of love.

shewa-ddr, An artist, a craftsman;
a tradesman ; expert, clever.

0j~a> sheva-zabdn, Sweetly-spoken ;
eloquent.

j\S shewa-ktir, j$np*> shewagar, ■ *j*a
jl> q.v.

<4j&j**> shewagarl, Amorous blandish-
ments, coquetry, playfulness of lovers.

•^•Sj-v*. shewamand, = j^'j*-*- q.v.

^jj^iytA shewamandi, - ^fia^ q.v,

V±>.f~$> shiwidan, To be mixed ; to mix,
to tremble, quake (see o^** 1 ).

ijj.pA shewina, Sloping, slanting.

shaih, shiya, The neighing of a horse
(see <H**<) ; sound, voice (see 3^a).

a a** shiya, A mark ; a colour different
from that of the rest of the body.

A <5->A shaih (v.n. of for <M>) ; Accusing,
reproaching, treating opprobriously.
shiha, Neighing of a horse.

O^** shayldan, To arm or equip oneaelf,

a shl'at, Will, wish, desire.

a ° l ^!**> shuyaif (dim. of shai), A little
thing.

,j= The seventeenth letter of the Arabic-
Persian alphabet, called sddj ghair manqiita.
sadi muJimala, undotted sdd, expresses in
arithmetic 90, and is the abbreviation 'for "
safar, the second Muhammadan month, and
for sddiq " true, genuine," <fec. (see sad
kardan under jU>). It seldom occurs in
words not derived from the Arabic, and is
interchangeable with >a>, ©, 3, (j*, J*, and
£ . The power of yo sad is that of s pro-
nounced with a thick, dull, hollow sound
from the roof of the mouth, not easily to
be described.

s- 1 ^ sdb, A certain bitter tree, the colo-
cynth ; the milk-like juice of a bitter tree ;
(in the dialect of Isfahan) an apple.

a v>^° sdlb, One who pours out, a pourer,
diffuser.

a y^o sdbir, Patient ;■ — abu sdbir, Salt; —
hamul u sdbir, Forbearing and patient.

a <jjJ^° sabirl, Patience.

&iyUa sabata, An old woman, or mare.

a t)jj^> sdbtln, Soap ; — sdbun zadan, To
wash with soap ; — sabu-m kase ba-kase rasad
(met.), One is hit by another (in iightiug).

a tyJ^> sabiin-khdna, A soap manu-
factory.

( 778 )

a 0*}^ sdbunl, A mixture of almonds,
honey, and sesame oil ; a maker or seller of
soap (m.c).

a o^to sdii', fem. &s*?U sabi'at, sabi'a, An
idolater, who changes his religion, pagan,
Sabean ; — > d'ini sabi'a., The rite of the
Sabeans.

T "W-U sdchma, Small shot.

a sdh (fors-^U sahib), A friend.

a s-«^ sahib, Enjoying, possessed of,
or endowed with ; a companion, a friend ;
(in India) a title of courtesy, equivalent
to Mr. and Sir ; — sdhibi ikhtiydr, Pos-
sessed of free election or option ; pre-
eminent ; — sdhibi akfildq, Polite, courteous,
well-conducted ; — sdhibi i'tibdr, Esteemed,
enjoying reputation; — sdhibi aghrdz, Fac-
tious, who excites sedition or rebellion ; —
sdhibi afsar, Emperor, king; — sdhibi afsari
gardiin, Jesus Christ ; — sdhibi iqbdl, For-
tunate, prosperous ; — sdhibi iqtiddr, Po-
tent, possessed of power ; — sdhibi imzd,
Prime-minister, secretary of state ; — sdhibi
ihtirndm, A prudent manager ; — sdhibi
barid, A post-master; — sdhibi band-u-bast,
A settlement officer ; — sdhibi tab v, iuwdn,
Powerful j — sdnibi tdj, A crowned head ;
the sun ; — sdhibi tdj-u-taJcM, Possessor
of crown and throne ; — sdhibi takht, Pos-
sessor of the throne; a king; — sdhibi
tadbir, A prudent counsellor ; a diploma-
tist ; — sdhibi tasarruf, Adroit, skilful; —
sdhibi tamkanat, Possessed of dignity ; —
sdhibi tamyiz (tamlz), A man of discern-
ment ; — sdhibi jdyddd, A possessor of pro-
perty ; a landholder; a householder; —
sdhibi jamdl, Beautiful, handsome; — sdhibi
jautd, The planet Mercury ; — sdhibi-jaish,
General, leader of an army; — sahibi-hdl,
(in Gram.) the person to whom an adver-
bial expression or sentence refers sdhibi
hdl (hdl-u-qdl). Well-informed ; intelligent,
polite ;—sdhibi haqq, Rightful owner ; — sd-
hibi hut (Lord of the fish), Jonah; — sdhibi
M,dtirdn. Poets ; orators ; iocular ; — sdhibi
khdna, Master of the house ; — sdhibi fehabar,
A chamberlain, a lord in waiting ; an am-
bassador; a news-master, an official in-
formant (mod. mufchbir) ; — sdhibi khatardn,
Kings, princes, or other illustrious person-
ages ; — sdhibi diwdM, Superintendant of the
finances ; a registrar (m.c.) ; the author of
a set of odes ; — sdhibi rdz, A confidant ; —
sdhibi rdy, A vazir ; — sdhibi risdla, Lord
of the embassy, i.e. Muhammad ; — sdhibi,
rasad, Name of a celebrated astronomer ; —
sdhibi riwdyat, An able story-teller ;~sdhibi
raiy, Avicenna ; — sdhibi-zamdn, Lord of
the age sdhibi garir, A king ;-~sdhibi
sa'dddt, Fortunate, auspicious; a prince; —
sdhibi safardni aflak, Sun, moon, and
planets ;— sdhibi sikka 'u khutba, A king,
an absolute sovereign (who has the right
of coining money, and for whom public

prayers are offered up in the mosques) ; —
sdhibi sany, A man of gravity, power, or
dignity ; a slanderer, backbiter ; — sdhibi
sudad, Lord of dominion, one in command ;
— sdhibi shukoh, Grave, dignified, majestic j
— sdhibi sdbl, Jesus Christ ; name of the
person who instituted the worship of the
stars ; — sdhibi siffin, The caliph Aliy ; —
sdhibi tab', A man of discernment, genius,
taste ; — sdhibi zuhur, Illustrious ; a hero ; —
sdhibi 'addled, An administrator of justice ;
— sahibi k adl, A just man ; — sdhibi 'iff an,
Intelligent, wise ; — sdhibi 'asa'. Lord of
the staff, i.e. Moses ; — sdhibi 'ata u ni'afrt,
Munificent ; — sdhibi 'amud, Lord of the
column, i.e. Simeon Stilites ; — sdhibi 'un-
wan, Excellent, supreme ; — sdhibi 'iydr,
Shrewd, sly ; — sdhibi 'aini dabrdn, The con-
stellation Taurus ; — sahibi gjiaraz. Design-
ing, selfish, interested ; — sdhibi firdsat. Saga-
cious, a physiognomist ; — sdhibi fir ash, Bed-
ridden ; — sdhibi fasli' I khitdb, King David;
— sdhibi Jil, Lord of the elephant, name of
Abrahah, forty-sixth king of Yaman ; — •
sdhibi qabul, Agreeable, a willing receiver ; —
sdhibi qismat, Fortunate, prosperous ; —
sdhibi kitdb, Instructed in the Scriptures;
a scripturist ; an author; — sdhibi kardmat,
Endowed with miraculous power ; — sdhibi
karam, Beneficent ; — sdhibi kamdl, Perfect,
excellent; — sahibi nidi, Wealthy; — sdhibi
majd, Glorious ; — sdhibi mahalla, The
head man of a ward ; — sahibi makhbar,
Renowned ; — sdhibi maqdm, Exalted in dig-
nity ; — sdhibi maqdur, A man of means;
a solvent debtor ; — sdhibi-ndr, Doomed to
the fire; — sdhibi namus, A law-giver; —
sdhibi nastb, Lucky, fortunate ; — sahib nazar,
Clear-sighted ; pious ; — sdhibi wujud,
Powerful, potent; — sdhibi wuqiif, Expe-
rienced ; privy, acquainted ; — sdhibi wildcat,
A holy man, a saint ; — sdhibi kunar, Skilful ;
— sdhibi yadi (Jtafi) baizd, Lord of the white
hand, i.e. Moses.

sdhib-dard, Pained, grieved.
sdhib-dil, Courageous ; a man

sdhil-daulat, Wealthy ; a

a

of piety.

a u^JjJ v
mighty lord.

s-«^ sdhib-zdda, One of genteel
family ; a young gentleman.

a i^jila sdhib-saldmat, A bowing

acquaintance ; intimacy.

a sdhib-saMqa, A man of good

disposition ; a man of taste.

a £bj> s-U sdhib-zild 1 , A district officer ;
a deputy commissioner.

a, ^ s-^U sdhib-fann, Wise ; clever, skil-
ful in any art or science.

a ^ly ^-^L, sdhib-qirdn, Lord of the happy
conjunction; a fortunate and invincible
hero; a title of Timur; title given to a
monarch who has ruled forty years; Mu-
hammad ; Jesus.

( 779 )

a ^Mj* s-*>^» sdhib-qirani, Heroic ; royal,
imperial.

a JUi s-^^-» sdhib-Jcamdl, Perfect, excel-
lent.

a s-*A«> sdhih-mansab, An officer.

a s-c^U sahib-waqi'a, Who meets
with reverses.

a Lto-lo sdhiba, A lady ; a wife.

a ( _ J< rAe sdhibi, Kule, lordship ; kind of
grape ; kind of striped silk,

a ^a-U. saM, Clear, serene (day or sky) ;
Bober, having recovered from intoxication.

a sdkMhat, A noise which grates or
stuns the ear ; the day of judgment, resur-
rection.

a Su, sad, The letter yo, denoting 90 in
the abjad ; copper, brass, or a particular
kind thereof ; a vein between the eyes of a
camel ; a disease incident to it, and causing
a discharge of the nose ; — sad kardan, To
inscribe an account with the letter \j> sad
(abbreviation for <_io^>), implying that it
has been audited ; to mark anything se-
lected or chosen with this letter ; — sura'i
sad, The 38th chapter of the Qur'an.

a jolo sddir, Who or what flows, ori-
ginates, emerges, springs up or out ; hap-
pening; issuing, going forth, proceeding ;

emanating ; sddir shudan, To proceed,

emanate ; to be issued (as a command, &c).

a vSj^jjU sddir wdrid, Going and coming ;
a traveller.

a MJ^jile sddir-kunanda, One who issues
an order.

a jjL. $ddiq, fern, 4*^1° sadiqat, sddiqa,
True, truthful ; just, sincere, genuine, in-
genuous, good ; an epithet of Joseph, Abu
Bakr, and Jesus ; — sddiqu 'l-i'tiqdd, True
or firm in one's faith ; — sddiqu 'l-qaul, Truth-
speaking ; — tuyati sadiqa, Pure intention,
good conscience.

a 4iU.>lo sadiqdna, Truthfully, sincerely,
faithfully.

a u-iJ jjU sddiq-naf as, Truth-speaking.
a ,_5>>A» sddiqi, Truthfulness ; truth, sin-
cerity.

a Cj^ sarikJi, One who calls for assis-
tance ; an assistant, helper.

a (•jle mrira, A sharp sword ; an intrepid,
expeditious, or energetic man.

BjA° sdrfij, Plaster, mortar, cement ;
quick-lime; an unguent composed of quick-
lime and arsenic, for extirpating hairs.

fij'Ue sara, The plant elephants-ears.

A gU sa\ Low ground ; a bat for playing
at horse-shinty or polo ; a place swept and
then played upon ; a mark left by an os-
trich's breast on the ground ; a dry measure
of four mudd, each mudd weighing a ritl
and one-third ; a measure of five pints
(artdT) and a third ; — scl'i zari yusuf, The
sun.

A Saclo sd'iqat, sd'iqa (v.n. of (J***),
Striking (anyone) with lightning (hea-

ven) ; lightning; a thunderbolt; death;
deadly torment; a loud noise or cry of
pain ; a scourge in the hand of the angel
who drives the clouds.

jiU sdghar, A large drinking-cup.

AjiU sdgMr, Contemptible, submitting
slavishly to indignant treatment.

a <-<U sdf, Pure, clear, sincere, candid ;
wine-, wool; a cloth for straining; pro-
ducing wool, lanigerous ; [sdf kardan, To
clarify ; — sdf guzdshtan, To walk very fast ;]
— stiff, fern, sdffat, Eanged in ranks ; — sdf-
fdtu sdff-an, (Adoring angels) drawn up in
ranks (Qur'an, L. 1.).

a cjUULs sdf-d-sdf, <-*^° saf-saf,

Clearly, openly ; at once ; exactly, pre-
cisely.

a!=i «_ilo sdf.&hat, A clear or legible
handwriting.

a sdf-dil, Simple-hearted.

a sdf-dili, Simple-heartedness.

a jA. stifir, A whistler, a fifer ; any sing-
ing bird ; any bird that does not hunt ;
name of a timorous bird.

a yb+* sdf-zamir, Pure-minded.

a <^^> sdf-tinat, Of a pure disposi-
tion.

a j^^j safin, (A horse) standing on three
legs, and touching the ground with the tip
of the fourth hoof; the saphena vein, run-
ning from the inner ankle to the great toe.

a «»UiU safindt, (pi. fern, of the pre-
ceding), Fleet, high -blooded horses.

a ^y^> sdfurd, Zipporah, the wife of
Moses.

a sdf l, Pure, clear, fine, bright,

unsullied, limpid, unmixed, sincere, can-
did ; a filter or cloth for straining beve-
rages and medicines ; woolly, wool-bearing,
lanigerous; name of Adam; — simi soft,
Pure silver.

a sdfl, Clearness ; purity, candour.

a OA)* 1 <^"° sdn-darun, J J <_s*^ sdfi-dil,
} -~*-t> sdfi-zamir, Of a sincere heart.

a <uu 0 iU sdfl-ndma, A certificate, dis-
charge.

a Ji^° sdqil, A f urbisher.

\ *>y>U sdqurat, The third heaven ; the
inside of the skull over the brain.

a sa'ak (v.n.), Emitting a foul

stench ; congealing and sticking (blood).
sdl, A raft, a float.

a s-J^° sdlib, A burning fever ; the loins,
the back-bone.

a pi^o sdlih, Good, apt, fit, proper, just,
beneficial ; sedate, steady ; pious ; name of
a prophet sent to the tribe of Samud ; pro-
per name of a man (m.c).

a alJU sdlihdt (pi. fem.), Good works.

a iUJ^-o sdlihat, sdliha (fem. of sdlih),
Virtuous, chaste (woman); a virtuous action ;
name of a mountain near Damascus.

a (jjjkJ^ sdlihun, (j**^ sd li hin (pi. of
sdlih), The righteous, the pious ; good men.

JU ( 780

A &*fe)le sdliMyat, Name of a sect ; also
of a quarter in Baghdad, and of several
villages.

a j*"^ sa'tn (v.n.), Leading an army
against ; — set' am, Drinking much water.

a emU. sdmit, Silent, taciturn ; mute,
dumb, inanimate ; property in gold and
silver as opposed to an estate in slaves and
cattle (see ijlAs) ; — jam'i sdmit u iwMq, A
collection of immoveable and moveable
goods.

sy Ujt y.lo samir buma, Name of a plant
called haskishatu 'l-'agrab (scorpion-herb).

a stimil, Dry, withered.

a £>U= siini 1 , A maker, manufacturer, arti-
ficer, artisan ; — sani'i 'dlam, The creator of
the world ; — sani'i qudrat, The fashioner of
nature.

a savn, Dry.

a Ji>L> sakil, (A camel) that paws the
ground with his feet, and refrains from
braying aloud through pride ; a she-camel,
mother of such a camel ; neighing (a
horse).

A sa'ib, Eight, straight ; well-di-

rected, well-aimed, hitting' the mark right
in the middle.

sayban (for yliiA*), A cloud.

a i-&?u. sa'if, Hot ; — saifi sd'if, An ex-
ceedingly hot" summer.

A J>U> sa'il, Presumptuous, arrogant ;
furious.

a fS\*> sd'im, Thirsty ; one who fasts ; a
faster ; one who abstains from food, talk,
travelling, or venery ; — sd'imu 'd-dakr, Con-
tinually fasting; — sd'im shudan, To fast.

a sabb (v.n.), Pouring out; effusion ;
being smitten with love; a lover; flowing
(water) ; -victuals poured out.

a saba (v.n. of j*«), Blowing from the
east (wind) ; east wind ; a gentle breeze,
zephyr ; a horse with a gentle pace ; [bddi
sabd, The zephyr;] — sibd, Boyishness,
childishness, extreme youthfulness.

A sababat, Love, desire (especially
tender or vehement) ; a fog ; [lahibi sabdba,
Ardour of love ;] — subabat, Eemainder of
milk or water in a vessel.

A i>W* subdt (pi. of sftbi'), Sabeans.

A C^* sabah, Morning, dawn; construed
with the verbs ax ufq bar-hashidan, daml-
dan, 'iirycln shudan, fashurdan, &c. ; [sabd-
hu 'l-M^air, Good morning ; — sabtihu 'l-
k&air zadan, To wish good morning;] —
sabdh, subdh, The light or flame of a candle ;
— subdh, subbdh, Comely, handsome.

A <Wl~o sabdhat (v.n. of Being
handsome, beautiful, comely ; beauty, come-
liness, grace ; fairness of complexion.

a eiLij <ji^L-c sabdhat-niskdn, Distin-
guished by beauty, remarkably beautiful,
or handsome.

a U U£ C W*= sabdh-hundn, Those who wish
good morning.

) cr°

a ^gjW z\?° sabah-natnaziyMoxrimg prayer.
a cQ-o sabbdlch, Name of a king of Ya-
man in the army of Kaikhusrau.

a sibdr (v.n. 3 of Being patient,
exercising patience towards one another ;
rectitude ; — subdr, Tamarinds.
a SjU*. sabarat, Standing security.
a gW* sibdfjh, Colour, tincture, dye; sea-
sonings, sauces ; — sabbdgh, A dyer, tinger,
painter ; a liar ; one who gives a false
colouring to a statement.

a BjW* sabdtvat, Childhood, early youth.
A ^W- 0 sabdyd (pi. of sabiyat) , Toung
girls.

A sabab (v.n. of v£-«), Being violently
in love, and frantic ; a declivity ; sliding
sand ; a waterfall.

a ij-o sabbat (fern.), Inflamed with love ;
— subbat, A herd of cattle, camels, or
horses ; remains of water or milk in a
vessel.

A sabh (v.n.), Coming in the morn-
ing ; — subh, Morning, dawn ; [swfeA ba-
khair guftan, To bid good morning ; — subhi
pasin (rdst, sddiq), The last or true dawn,
break of day ; — subhi ditrogji- (hnjib, mu-
lamma'-niqdb, nukhust, The first or false
dawn, twilight ;] — sabah (v.n.), Being of a
white colour inclining to red ; the flash or
gleam of steel.

a (j^/l subh-drdy, What adorns the
morning (applied to the sun).

a £-t* subh-bdm, Dawn of morning.
a (jSVa^j ^ subh-peshdnl, With shining
fore-locks (a horse).

A sabhat, subhal, Morning; a morning
draught ; a morning nap ; any amusement
by which one whiles away the morning.

a subh-jabin, With resplendent

brow.

a ^ e-f-o suhh-cMhr, Bright-faced.
a subh-khand, Smiling like morn-

ing.

a subh-khwdn, Singing in the

morning.

a subh-khez, An early riser ; a

devotee.

a subk-lc^ezd, ^i)**- svbh-

kh,eziyd, A set of thieves who arise betimes
and steal before people are awake.

a. J j subk-d.il, Of an enlightened un-
derstanding; honest, pious, pure.

a (•^a=~o subh-dam, yUJx*** $ubh-damdn,
Early in the morning.

a t)\jy subh-rawdn, Youths.
a o«C^ subh-ruy, = ^ e-f q.v.
a ey* subh-subh, At early dawn.
a, j*** smbh-zamir, — J'* q.v.
a ^.-j subh-'driz, With cheeks bright
as the morning.

a 6\X*~° subh-gdh, The morning ; — mikri
siibkgd-h'Sifat, Like the morning sun.

a jj&^a^.- subhgdhi, Of or relating to
the dawn or early morning.

a e)U--4J snbh-nishinan, Early risers ;
holy men.

Aj~° jatr (v.n. of y>*>), Being patient,
waiting patiently ; patience, toleration, en-
durance ; resignation ; detaining forcibly
and starving to death ; compelling, forcing
to take an oath ; the aloe (properly sabir) ;
construed with the verbs awardan, dddau,
dashtan, sipurdan, shilcastan, firo gushddan,
kardan, namudun, &c. ; \jabri isqutari ($u-
gutari, zard), Aloe from Scutari (considered
the best) i—sabri samanjani, The worst kind
of aloe ; — sabri 'arabi, The small Arabian
aloe ; — sabr u qarar, Patience and con-
stancy; — as-sabrumiftdhv, 'hfalchr, Patience
is the key of glory ; — wmarru mina 's-sabr.
More bitter than the aloe ; — sJiahru 's-sabr,
The month of patience, i.e. fasting ;] — sibr,
subr, A side, margin, tract ; a white cloud ;
— subr, Name of a tribe of Ghassan ; — subr,
subur, G-ravelly ground.

a. subard' (pi. of sabtr), Patient,
long-suffering ; Bponsors, sureties.

a S^c-o sabrat, Mid-winter ; excrements of
cattle heaped up at a watering-tank ; —
subrat, A heap of corn unweighed and un-
measured ; name of a city in Maghrib.

a sab' (v.n.), Pointing the finger at
one in scorn ; making a signal, beckoning ;
pointing one out to another ; stopping with
the finger part of a bottle's mouth to pre-
vent spilling when pouring out.

a sctbcfh, sib gh (v.n.), Dyeing (cloth) ;
plunging or dipping the hand in water ; —
sibgh, Colour, tincture, dye; seasoning or
sauce for victuals ; Christian baptism.

a. &*~» sibghat, Colour, tincture, dye; re-
ligion ; the law of God as communicated to
Muhammad ; Christian baptism.

a ($~o sabn (v.n.), Prohibiting, prevent-
ing, withholding ; laying the dice even in
the hand before throwing.

a subuw (v.n. of Blowing from

the east (wind) ; the ignorance and thought-
lessness of youth ; playing with boys ; having
childish inclinations ; — subu', mbu'at
(v.n. of *W«>), Eising (a star) ; coming forth
(tooth or nail) ; changing one's religion,
becoming a Sabean.

A sabwat (v.n. of y?°), Being childish,
juvenile ignorance ; having childish incli-
nations, or juvenile passions.

a tyt* sabiih, A morning draught : con-
strued with randan, zadan, kardan, kashidan,
&c. ; — as-sabuh, as-sabiih, (Hither with) the
morning draught !

a ^ft^ sabuhi, A morning draught ; —
sabuhl kardan, To drink betimes.

a (ji-S (.^jf* sabuhi-kash, A drinker of the
morning draught.

a jj+*> sabur. Patient, gentle, mild, long-
suffering ; lenient towards offenders ; one
of the names of God.

781 )

a sabura, Obscene, impure ; a cata-
mite ; a dildo.

* suburi, Patience, forbearance.

A. ty=*> sub ugh (v.n. of Becoming
distended, sleek (udder) ; pointing, beckon-
ing, making a signal.

a i^**> sabawi, Northern, northerly.

^yf-o sabi, Senna; the herb alkali.

A sably, in P. sabl, A boy, lad, youth ;
an unweaned child ; the pupil of the eye ;
the part of the skull beneath the ear ; the
side of the jaw ; the edge of a sword ; chief
of the people ; [sabi'i ghdfili bi-bdk, A
heedless boy without fear ;] — sibd, Child-
hood ; childishness.

a yW° subydn, sibydn (pi. of the pre-
ceding), Boys, youths.

a >^-«-o sabib, Water poured out or
spilled ; blood ; ice, snow ; a shrub resem-
bling rue or senna; juice of the leaves of
hennah, brazil wood, or other plants of a
deep red colour ; the finest honey ; edge or
point of a sword ; — sabib, subaib, Name of a
place.

a sablh, Beautiful, handsome.

a yt?~° sabir, Patient, mild, long-suffer-
ing ; a surety, sponsor ; a leader of the
people; a white cloud; a mountain, curling
one part above another and yielding no
rain.

a sabiya, A girl, damsel ; a daughter.

A >^~° sait (v.n.), Bruising ; clamour, loud
noise ; a violent push or repulse.

a sat' (v.n.), Prostrating ; — sata',
Contortion of the neck or head of an ostrich ;
hardness and firmness of the neck.

a f~<> satm, satam, Thick, strong (slave
or camel) ; anything complete ; a man of
full age.

a e° sajj (v.n.), Striking one piece of
iron against another.

a £° sah (abbreviation of sahih), Official
signature to attest the authenticity of a
deed, copy, &c. ; a vise.

A <t-A«*-= sihdb (pi. of sahib), Companions.

A sahabai, sihabat (v.n. of w),

Associating together ; companionship, so-
ciety ; — safydbat, sahaba (pi. of sahib), Com-
panions, friends.

a ^Us- sahdbi, One of the companions
of Muhammad, or their descendants.

A j-lsa-o sahah, Being sound, free from
blemish; soundness, health, blamelessness;
complete, perfect, sound, eutire ; title of an
Arabic dictionary by Jauhari (less cor-
rectly sihdh) ; — sihdh (pi. of sahlh), Sound,
perfect, complete.

A sihdr-an, Publicly, openly.

a ^s^at* Sahara, sahciri (pi. of sahrd ),
Deserts.

a £*=t*^= sahdsih (pi. of sahsah, sahsah, and
sahsahdn) , Extensive pieces of level ground :
—turrahati sahdsih, Trifles, vanities, futile
things.

( 782 )

a JW< tihaf, A place where water col-
lects; — sahhdf, A. bookseller; a book-binder;
a librarian.

a olfWo safyd'if (pi. of sahi'faf), Pages,
leaves, books ; — dar sahd'iji sdbiqa, In the
preceding pages.

A s-*« sahb, Skinning a slaughtered
animal ; (pi. of sdhib), Companions ; — sahbi
hiram, Tbe illustrious companions (i.e. of
Muhammad).

A yW*!» suhhdn (pi. of sdhib), Com-
panions, friends, associates.

a suhbat (v.n. of s^*->), Associating
together ; society, friendship, coinpanion-
Bbip (especially of Muhammad) ; conver-
sation, discourse, intercourse ; coition ; (pi.
of sdhib) companions ; — suhbati pdshida,
Perfect friendship or companionship ; one
■who has taken his departure, deceased ; —
suhbat ddshtan, To associate, to converse ; —
suhbat kardan, To keep company, to con-
verse with ; to sit together.

suhbaUbar-dr, One who car-
promotes intercourse or com-
; an acquaintance.

suhbat-bcLr-dri, Acquaiu-

piece of level

ries on or
panionship

a ^ ^
tance.

a ^afr ufc-** suhbat-joy, Seeking (each
others) company.

a u^t^o suhbat-khdna, A privy,
a (jyta i****** sufybat-ddri, Association.
a ^yt^o suhbatt, A companion, comrade.
a 4**^ **~Nk>» suhbat-ydfta, Used to good
society, well-bred.

a J^*"~> u>~&° suhbat yasdvial, A chief
door-keeper.

a sihhat (v.n. of £»), Recovering
from sickness, being convalescent ; integrity,
soundness, freedom from blemish.

a i^t*; cs/»»*> sihhat-bakheh. Health-giving ;
healthy, sanitary.

a ssW ut^o sikhat-Midna, A necessary.
a £»U sikhat-nama, A certificate of

health ; a list of corrections, corrigenda.

a )+>° sahr (v.n.), Cooking; giving a pain
in the head (the sun) ; — suhr, Name of
Luq man's sister, who met a bad requital
for doing good.

a sakrd', A desert, plain, barren

waste ; a forest, a jungle ; — sahrd paimudan
(tai lcardan),To cross the desert ; to travel ;
— jahrd'i khwdbida, A long deserted road;
a vast desert ; — sahrd'i svm. The true dawn -,
— sahrd'i qudsi, Heaven.

•iS \j**> sahrd-gard (^y naward), A tra-
veller in the desert ; — sahrd-naward shudan,
To scour the country.

&s£i sahrd-nishin, (desert- sitting,

desert-inhabiting) A hermit, solitary man.

a ^jj 1 \f**> sahrd-nawardi, Traversing or
wandering in a desert.

A. >i>\}^»*> sahrdw&t (pi. of °\y»"), Deserts.
A sahrd'i. sahrd'iya, Wild,

desert, uninhabited ; a wild beast.

sahsahdn, An extensive
ground.

a cy**^ 0 suhsiih, j-~oifc^ suhsih, Who knows
and is able to control the intricacies of
affairs.

a oia-. suhuf (pi. of sakifat), Books,
leaves, pages, folios; — suhv.fi raiiawj/a,
The sacred or rabbinical writings.

a sahal (v.n.), Being hoarse; a

cracked voice ; — sahil, Hoarse.

a sakn, Doing good ; effecting a re-
conciliation, making up differences ; strik-
ing ; a large dish, platter, or cup ; giving
in a dish ; a cymbal (sahndn, du., a pair of
cymbals) ; a court, court-yard, area, square ;
a floor ; a grass-plot, lawn ; — sahni tram, A
garden ; — sahni tamd«hd-hkdna, The pit of
a theatre (m.e.) ; — sahni ckaman, A lawn ;
— sahni dH-rang, The world ; — sahni sim, A
sheet of white paper; the moon's disc; —
sahni 'azim, The earth's surface.

a "U,»o mhna', Interior of the ear ; a kind
of fish-jelly,

a SUto* sakndt, The jelly of salted fish.

djU sahn-ddr, Having a courtyard

or area.

a sahnak, A small dish or plate, a

saucer; a small earthern pot; an offering
or oblation to Fatimah.

a sahw (v.n.), Recovering from
ebriety; becoming sober; departing, being
dispersed (clouds) ; leaving off childish
folly and vanity.

a sahlh, Complete, perfect, entire,

sound; healthy; right, just, true, certain ;
authentic ; certainly, truly ; — sahlhu 'w-
nasab, Of pure descent, legitimate ; — harfi
sahih, A sound letter (uot > , } , or <_j) ; —
hikdya'i saMhu 'r-riwdya, History faithfully
related; — qiydsi sahihu 'l-arkdn, An argu-
ment founded on sound pillars, i.e. a syl-
logism.

a f^~> c^te" sahih- scdim (<^»%+ zys**> sahik-
saldmat), Safe and sound, safe and well.

a SAj*-* saMfat, sahifa, A book, a leaf,
page ; a volume ; a writing, letter, epistle ;
\_sahifa'i ieglii sahar, The twilight or false
dawn ; — sahlfa'i zwr, The sun ; a yellow
cheek ;] — suhaifat, A plate, small dish.

a sakhkh (v.n.), Deafening with a
thundering noise ; collision of solid and
Bonorous bodies ; sound of a stone when
struck.

a sakhkhub (fern, sakhkjidbat),

Clamorous, noisy ; scurrilous, foul-mouthed.

a H-as* sakhab (v.n.), Being noisy and
clamorous; clamour, noise, tumult.

a sakhd (v.n.), Scorching (as the
sun) ; twittering (of birds) ; squeaking (a
jerboa) ; — sakhad (v.n.), Being intensely
hot (the day).

a sakjir, sakhar, Rocks, huge hard
stones ; name of an evil genius who stole

( 783 ) ^

Solomon's ring ; the great piece of rock in
the mosque of 'TJmar in Jerusalem.

A ly&*> sakhrat, sakharat. sakhra, A rock,
huge hard stone ; name of an evil genius who
stole Solomon's ring.

A Jjas*> sukhud, A listening, a paying
attention.

Ajjat-e sukhur (pi. of sakhrat). Rocks.
sad (S. sata), A hundred ; — sad chanddn,
A hundred more or less ; a hundred such ;
— sad andar sad, For a hundred of hundreds
(of years), for ages, per ssecula sseculorum ;
— sad bimdr az labi gov wd-gasht, (a hundred
invalids have escaped the jaws of the grave)
As long as there is a breath left life need
not be despaired of; — sad para (sheikh)
kardan, To break into a hundred pieces; —
sad kuza agar sdzad, yoke dasta na-darad,
(if he make a hundred pitchers, not one
has a handle to it) However much he talks,
you will never know what he means ; the
more he speechifies the less he commits
himself ; — chu o sad kas dar yah angusht
(nakhun) ast, A hundred such-like persons
are ruled by him.

a ^ sadd (v.n.), Prohibiting, checking,
hindering, turning away ; — sadd, sudd, A
mountain ; the side of a channel, a valley ;
— sad', Clearing away rust, polishing.

a \*« sadd, Reverberating noise, echo ;
call (as to prayer), cry; invitation to a
marriage ceremony or feast ; [sadd kardan,
To call ; to convoke, to invite ; — sada'i
rnuhib, A terrific voice ; — ba-sadd'i haland,
With a loud voice ; (the word is also con-
strued with the verbs bdz dddan, bald girif-
tan, bar-dmadan, bar-khdstan, bar-ddshtan,
haland sdkhtan. baland kardan, pechidan,
dddan, zadan, giriftan, &c.) ;] — sadd', Rust ;
rust-coloured ; reddish brown.

a siddd, Female dress, covering ; a
veil ; — sndddd, A serpent ; a kind of lizard ;
a path to water.

A^xo siddr (v.n. S of ;■»*=), Requiring,
compelling, or urging ; breast-harness of a
camel ; a kind of kerchief, the upper part
of which covers the head, while the lower
part conceals the bosom and shoulders ; a
mark branded on a camel's breast; — suddr,
Name of a place near Madinah.

a s^*o saddrat, The office of grand vazir
or prime minister, premiership.

a #J"> sudd', Headache, megrim ; — sudd'i
shiqqi, Hemicrania; — sudd'i 'dm, Cepha-
lalgia

a siddgk, A mark burnt on the

temples.

a saddq, siddq, A marriage-settle-
ment ; a portion which the husband en-
gages to give to his future wife.

a saddqat. True friendship, sin-

cerity, candour, loyalty, fidelity.

a }))> saddqat-parwar, Educated in

truth, accustomed to sincerity.

a iwU saddqaf-kdr, ij^t$ sadd-
qat-kesh, ji~S u^\xo saddqat-gustar, Sincere,
faithful.

a i3f~£ ts->U.o saddqat-gustarl, Show or
profession of sincerity or candour.

a Jl** u^JrtAo saddqat-maqdl, Loyal or
truthful in speech.

a fyy saddqat-mausum, Marked

with the stamp of truth, truthful.

a fAxm siddm, A distemper in horses'
heads.

sad-barg, Centfoil; any flower with
many leaves, as a dahlia, &c. ; name of a
damsel; — guli sad-barg, A many-leaved rose.

^ J* sad-pa, A centiped.

Sj\j ^» sad-pdra, In a hundred pieces.

&>U Jw> sad-pdy a, A centiped.

ju> sad-paiwand, Shepherds-staff.

y ^<> sad-to, A hundred folds; part of
the tripe or stomach so called.

vslW. Ao sad-chdk, Torn in a hundred
pieces.

juj sad-ahirdgh, A hundred candles j
a brilliant illumination ; a candelabrum, a
lustre (see Jf)-

a t** sadh (v.n.), Raising the voice,
singing, croaking, or crowing loud (a man,
crow, or cock) ; — sadak, A standard, ensign ;
an empty place ; a sand-hill ; a heap of
stories ; a broad stone ; a kind of deep-red
fruit ; anything black ; a negro.

a ia-Jk*> sadhai, sudhai, sadahat, A bead or
shell used as an amulet.

a jj« sadad, Nearness ; near ; opposite ;
purpose, design.

y j sad-dar, Hundred doors, i.e. chap-
ters, title of one of the sacred books of
the Fire-worshippers.

a "a^J sad-daraja'i, Centigrade (m.c).
J-jj a« sad-dar-sadi karmdn, Name
of a place in Karman.

oc sad-dahan, (hundred-mouthed)
One who first says one thing and then
another.

^ sadr, Chief seat ; prime minister ; a
judge.

AjJ- sadr (v.n.), Returning, or leading
back, from watering ; the breast ; the front
part; anything opposite or confronting;
the upper end of the room, the seat of
honour; beginning; prcemium or exordium
of a letter ; chief ; government ; a high
official ; [sadri a'zam, Prime minister ; dig-
nity of premier; chief seat; — sadri a'ld
{amin), A chief judge; — sadri sudur, Chief
judge, chancellor; — sadri 'addlat, The su-
perior court of justice, the presidency ;] —
sadar, Return from water or from pilgrim-
age ; a party returning from the pilgrimage ;
the fourth of the days of nahr (see f*).

a (jf^A jJ*> sadr-amln, Head or chief amin
(see sadri amin under

a jJuo sadr-hdzdr, The chief bazar in
a military cantonment.

( 784 )

a o^yj jA« sadr-diwan, A chancellor.
A ij;** sudrai, The upper part of the
uman breast ; the thorax ; a stomacher

= q.v.)

S ,v.i....»

i\£ sadr-gdh, The chief seat, =

q.v.

gfj-vo sad-ranj, (a hundred cares) Chess.
a y*^* j-** sadr-nishin, Holding the first
ignity, sitting in the highest place of
onour ; the grand vizier ; — sadr-nishlni
lasnad, Sitting on the throne, i.e. the
signing king.

sad-rah, A hundred kinds of ways.
a sadrt, Pectoral ; supreme ; a vest,
r aist-coat ; a jacket.
JL, .v> sad sal, *)\— sad-sala, A century ;
undred years old, a centenary (m.c.).
a £a« sad' (v.n.), Cleaving (especially a
ard substance) ; appealing to the liberality
f anyone ; crossing {a desert) ; making
ublic, disclosing ; distinguishing truth
rom falsehood ; a fissure, rupture, crack in
hard substance ; a sin, fault, crime ; —
id', soda', Light or thin of flesh (man) ;
~sid\ A crowd, a troop of men ; a piece of
nything ; — sada', Young and vigorous (a
lountain goat, buck, camel, &c.) ; of middle
tature, weight, age, or robustness ; rust ; —
udu' (pi. of sadl'). Halves ; dawns ; new
atches on old garments.
a sadyh (v.n.), Overtaking, and walk-
lg by the side of another ; travelling or
ulking in company; crushing (a pismire) ;
arning from, beating off, diverting ; —
\idgh, The part of the face from the eye to
be ear, the temple ; the hair curling about
be temples.

A <-i&° sadf (v.n.), Declining, receding,
urning away from ; — sadaf, A shell, shell-
sh, pearl, mother-o'-pearl, oyster; any-
tiing elevated ; the higher part of a wall
r mountain ; the top of the shoulder-plate ;
closeness of the thighs in a horse with a
traddling of the feet; name of a village ;
sadafi dtishln (roz), The sun ; — sadifi
ijdda-rang, ■ Yellow wine ; — sadafi rang, A
hell or china pan, «fcc, for colours ; — sadafi
<xnu, The knee-pan ; — sadafi sad u chahtir-
ah 'aqd, The Qur'an (as consisting of 114
hapters); — sadafi falah. The highest hea-
en ; sun and moon ; name of a figure
ormed by several stars near the north pole ;
—sadafi mushkln-rany, The sky ; — sadafi
azar baidaq, The stars;] — sadaf, sudaf,
udvf, The part where a mountain breaks
ff, a side or tract of it ; — sudaf, Name of a
ertain beast or bird.
a i-*J— sadaf para, A piece of a shell.
a ij^iJto sadafcha, A small or fine shell.
a f^-' q£ iJAo sadaf-gvn sdghar, Glass
•oblet.

a jao sadq (v.n.), Speaking truth ; being
rue, honest, upright ; true, sincere ; hard
,nd smooth (a spear) ; — §idq, Truth, ve-

racity, sincerity; a good name; candour;
[sidq u Mzb, Truth and falsehood ; the true
and the false ;] — sudq, suduq (pi. of sadq,
saduq), Speakers of truth ; true friend's ; —
sadaq (for P. q.v.), A festival night on
which bonfires were lighted.

a ^U^= sudaqa' (pi. of sadiq), True, just,
sincere friends.

a ^\i&<> sadaqdt (pi. of sadaqat), Alms.

a sadqat, Perfect (woman) ; — sada-
qat, sadaqa, Alms ; part of an estate dedi-
cated to pious uses; a sacrifice, a victim;
a woman's dowry ; — sadaqa raftan, To go
a-begging, to supplicate; to come as a
petitioner (mm.ee).

a ))) J**" sidq-warz, Sincere, true.

a sadm (v.n.), Beating, bruising;
striking one hard body against another;
coilision.

A *i>Uxo mdamat (pi. of sadmat), Blows,
collisions ; adversities ; — sadamdti dldli
qitdl, Clashings of deadly weapons.

a 0*±*> sadmat, sadma, A baldness about
the temples ; blow, collision, shock ; ad-
versity, blow of fortune ; accident (con-
strued with uftridan, k&wurdan, zadan, shi-
hastan, &c.) ; — sadma'i jismdni, Bodily hurt ;
personal violence, a violent assault ; — sadma
didan, To receive a shaking (m.c).

a o ? Ax> sadud, Sly, deceitful ; a certain
substance rubbed on a mirror and after-
wards made into a collyrium ; — sudud (v.n.
of *■=), Turning away the face, being averse ;
hindering, preventing ; aversion.

a jj^* sudur (v.n. of _)**), Rising, spring-
ing, proceeding, flowing, issuing; (pi. of
sadr) breasts ; higher or upper parts ; chiefs,
ministers.

a sudu' (v.n. of Having a

strong propensity, being inclined; declining,
diverting from ; dividing (a flock) into two
parts.

a i-i^A* saduf, (A woman) turning her
face towards you, and then immediately
looking a contrary way ; — suduf (v.n. of
Declining, receding from.

a oj-i-c sadilq, Very sincere, faithful,
truth-speaking.

sad-a, A troop or company of a hun-
dred men.

jtjA a«j sad hazdr, A hundred thousand.

a Js-^e sadii (v.n.), Being thirsty ; a male
owl ; echo ; slim, slender (man) ; a corpse ;
the seat of hearing, sensory ; name of a
small bird said to issue from the head of
one slain ; — sadl, Thirsty.

a Jii« sadid (v.n.), Crying out; vocife-
ration ; the serum in a wound before it
concretes into pus ; hot water become
thick.

A ft-** sadl', Anything split in two ; a
new patch on an old garment ; a flock ; a
herd of camels as far as thirty.

a sadiq, A sincere friend ; true,

(

just; — siddlq, A faithful witness of the
truth ; surname of Abu Bakr.

sad-yak, One per cent. ; a hun-
dredth .

A. ; -« sarr (v.n ), Tying the string called
sirar round the dugs of a camel ; tying up
a purse ; making a noise, crying out ; prick-
ing his ears (a horse or donkey) ; — sirr, In-
tensity of cold ; — surr, An intense cold
destroying the herbage.

A. eV° sarah, surah, Pure, unmixed ; — •
sinlh, surah, Being face to face, confront-
ing ; speaking openly, disclosing what is
passing in the mind ; — surah, Confronta-
tion ; plain, open speech ; a cup of neat,
unmixed wine ; title of an Arabic-Persian
Dictionary.

A lc~\ya sardhat (t.h of c/=), Being pure,
unmixed, unadulterated ; pureness ; — sard-
fad-an, Purely; publicly, plainly, evidently.

a snrdhi, A long-necked flask, gob-

let; a baluster, a balustrade (m.c).

a _sj^ o^lr" ?uraM-baer, Jugglery with
cups (= ^jW q.v.j,

djt^ o^V surahubarddr , Carrier of the
flask.

a i^V* $uraihT-dar, Surahi - shaped
(pearl).

a surdhl-qad, A lofty stature.

a surahi-gardan, A long and

beautiful neck ; having such.

Afcy surdkh, A clamour, a scream ; —
surrdkh, A peacock (lit. screamer).

a -Ay* surrdd, A thin cloud without water.

A ^ sardr (pi. of sardrat), Those who
have never visited Mecca ; name of a valley
in Hijaz ; — sirar, A string for tying np the
dugs of camels to prevent the young from
sucking; high ground; name of a moun-
tain ; also of a place near Madlnah.

A ijlj* sardrat, One who has not visited
Mecca ; a bachelor.

Xj*>\ } *> sardsir (pi. of sarsar), Cold winds.

A sirdt, A way, direct road ; the
bridge across hell (according to the hadis,
thinner than a hair and sharper than a
sword's edge) ; [as-sirdtu 'l-mustaqim, The
right way, the straight road, i.e. the Mu-
hammadan religion ;] — surd.t, Along sword.

A sir a', A wrestling, throwing down.

A sire/ (v.n. of *-*/=), Being in heat
(bitch) ; not mixing (wine) ', accession, in-
crease ; — sarrdf, A banker, shroff, money-
changer ; one who understands the value
of things in general ; a grammarian ;—
sarrafi khitsdn. The sun ; autumn ; autumnal
winds; — sarrdf dninuqudima'dni, Those who
well understand, or can give change (so to
speak) in matters of recondite meaning or
spiritual import.

A irtj* sard/at, Notion, idea, turn of
thought ; [sardfat anddkhtan, To get out
of a person's mind;] — sarrdfat, sarrdfa,
The place where bankers transact their

785 )

business, a bank ; discount on exchange of
coins ; the commercial character used by a
sarrdf.

a 4i\3tJ\ye sarrdf-khdna, A bank (m.c.).
a sarrdfi, Banking, money-changing.
a i5*\r* sarrdfi-pdrcha, A bank bill,
cheque, draft.

a |»l^c sardm, War ; — sardm, sir&m, Lop-
pings of trees ; the season of gathering
dates ; — swam, Hardship, misfortune, cala-
mity ; war ; milk remaining in the udder,
and milked later on ; — sarram, A vendor of
leather (sarm).

a sarb (v.n.), Preparing, collecting
sour milk; retaining, suppressing urine - ,
also suppressing au infant's stool to make
it fat ; — sarb, sarab, Milk milked upon that
which has become acid ; milk stored up in
a bottle for a journey ; a kind of red-gum ;
— sirb, Small dwellings of the Scenite
ATabs ; — surb (pi. of sarib), Milk turned
sour.

a 6 ; «> sarrat, Noise, confusion, clamour ; a
crowd ; fierceness of war ; anxiety ; — sirrat,
Cold, intensity of cold ; noise, clamour ; —
surrat, surra, A purse, sash, belt in which
money is tied up ; (met.) the keeper of the
private purse.

A zysarh (v.n.), Speaking openly; being
pure (collyrium) ; a castle, a lofty building
especially one erected by Nebuchadnezzar
near Babil ; — sarah, Anything pure, choice,
unmixed.

a swraM' (p). of sarlh), Pure.
A &*-y> sarhat, The area of a house.
A "£s»jj 't**y* sarhatan barhalan, Valiantly
(he sallied forth).

a *±-y> sarkhat (v.n. of ty)> Crying out,
bawling.

a a.ye sarkhad. Wine ; name of a town.
a (_j.ii.je sarkhadi, Belonging to the town
of Sarkhad; — shardbi sarkjiadt, Wine of
Sarkhad.

a >y> sard, Pure (water), sincere (love),
plain, evident (lie) ; an elevated part of a
mountain; n nail through the head of a
spear to fix it in the shaft ; a large army ;
(for P. sard) cold ; — sarad, Being soon sen-
sible of cold ; being galled in the back under
the saddle (a horse) ; — surad, A large-
headed bird which hunts sparrows ; a white
mark on the back of a horse from galling.

sarsar, A cricket ; a cold, boisterous
wind ; — sarsari koh-paikar, A strong active
horse or camel.

a sarsarat (v.n. of j*f), Singing (the
green woodpecker) ; making a noise, crying
aloud.

a sarsari, Vehement (like a storm).

a g^o sar' (v.n.), Putting folding doors
to a gate ; beginning a poem with a hemi-
stich to the last syllable of which all the
other verses must rhyme ; the falling sick-
ness, epilepsy ; ecstatic catalepsy ; [sar'i

gitaragan, Glittering or shooting of the
stars ;] — sar', sir', Throwing to the ground,
laying prostrate ; mode, species, sort, form ;
[zusar'ain (sir'airi), Bi-coloured ; (met.) a
double-dealer ;] — sum' (pi. of saru'), Great
wrestlers; (pi. of sari') unpolished bows,
scourges.

a iz-je sar'at, A throwing prostrate once ;
— sir'at, A mode of throwing down ; — su-
ra'at, A skilful wrestler, one who throws
many.

a 8J ) tf sar'-sada, Struck with epilepsy.

A Js'y sar'd, Morning and evening ; (pi.
of sari', Prostrate, thrown down (men) ;
epileptics.

A sarf (v,n.), Changing, turning,

converting ; repentance ; versatility, dex-
terity, cunning ; vicissitudes of time or for-
tune ; change, conversion; spending, using,
employing; the etymological parts of gram-
mar, accidence, declension, conjugation;
[sarf shudan, To be spent, consumed, &c. ;
— sarfi 'inan, A turning the reins towards,
making for, any place; — sarf hardan (na-
mudan), To spend, consume ; to taste, to
take (as meals, &c., m.c.) ;] — sir/, Pure,
choice, unmixed (wine) ; a red tincture
with which straps or shoe-latchets are
dyed; mere, only, alone; [sirfi bi-jada-
rang, Amber-coloured wine ;] — suruf (pi. of
sarifat), Dry palm-branches; thin cakes.

a 0^x" sarafan, sir/an, Lead ; a kind of
date ; night and day.

a &*y° sarfat, sarfa, The twelfth mansion
of the moon ; a bright star in the heart of
Leo ; (see also below).

a ts-~»> ^r*) sarf- dast- Mat. A signa-
ture alone ; a blank cheque ; carte blanche.

a &*yo sarfa, Gain, profit ; surplus, addi-
tion, redundancy ; expense ; — sarfa burdan,
To take the lead ; to gain, acquire ; to fetch
a higher price ; — sarfa dadan, To offer an
advantage ; to give an opportunity ; — sarfa
ddskian, To lake the lead; to overcome; —
sarfa nig ah ddshfan, To be cautious.

a sarfa htiri, Caution, circum-

spection.

a sarfi, Grammatical ; a gram-

marian.

a pf> sarm surm (v.n.), Pruning, lopping,
cutting clean off ; interrupting a speech; —
sarm (for P. charm), Hide ; leather ; — sirm,
A crowd, assembly of people; contiguous
houses ; a kind of shoe for a camel's hoof ;
— surm, Shortness.

a sirmat, Herd of camels (from
twenty to thirty, or from forty to fifty) ;
part of a cloud ; name of a man.

\if> surnd (for q.v.), A fife, a pipe.
sarw, Name of a plant.

a it.j^«> suruhat, Purity.

A cjr° wi'uh (pi. of sarh), Lofty edifices,
castles, citadels.

786 )

a £)r* saru', A great wrestler.

A y)y* sarur, Syj- sarurai, saruri, (A

man or woman) neglecting to go the pil-
grimage to Mecca ; a bachelor, one who
does not visit the ladies.

a saruf, (A camel) gnashing the
teeth ; — suruf (v.n. of <- , r°), Being in heat
(a bitch or camel) ; not mixing (wine) ; (pi.
of sarf) changes, vicissitudes.

a pyya sarum, A sharp sword ; a dex-
terous pruner of trees.

a *y° surra, A purse full of gold or of
silver ; — surra'i jibal, A mine of turquoise
or other precious stones (purse of the
mountains) ; see also A. Sj« .

a s-Vjo sarih, Milk or milk-meats soured,

a c aj« sarih, fern. *=^r=> sarihat, sariha,
Clear, evident, palpable ; pure, unmixed ; —
haqqi sarih, An undisguised or evident
truth ; — ghalati sarih, A sheer mistake ; —
hizbi sarih, A downright lie ; — natija'i sarih,
A foregone conclusion, undoubted conse-
quence.

a sarihan, Clearly, evidently.

a ur'y sariki, = c t,y° q.v.

A ^ij* sarikh, A cry for help ; one who
calls for assistance ; one who brings help.

a f,f sarir, The grating of a door, the
scratching of a pen ; the noise made by a
locust, or cricket ; a noise in general.

\fir° sarird, The anemone.

a £>r° sari', Prostrate, thrown down ; epi-
leptic ; one who prostrates another ; a
scourge ; a bow not yet polished ; a branch
withered on the tree.

a *-A>^« sarif (v.n. of *-»/«), Creaking (as
a door or pulley), gnashing (teeth) ; the
grating of a camel's teeth ; pure silver ;
milk warm from the udder.

a AA>^> sarifat, A dry branch of a palm-
tree ; a small cake.

A fAj" sarim, Cut off, pruued, lopped;
part of a heap of sand ; part of the night ;
night ; morning ; a piece of wood fastened
in a kid's mouth to keep him from sucking;
black ground yielding no produce ; name
of a place ; also of a man,

a sarimat, Resolution, enterprise,

undertaking ; the termination or breaking-
off of any business ; part of a sand-heap ;
part of night.

a sitabl (for J*W), Stable.

j&^<> sitakhr, Istakhr in Persia.

a wSjlie satarlab, An astrolabe.

A hj^o si'tib (v.n. 3 of s-**), Harshness ;
obstinacy.

a s-** sa'b, Hard, difficult, arduous,
rough; troublesome, refractory, intractable;
disagreeable ; inaccessible ; a fierce lion ; —
sa'bu 'l-maslak. Impervious, impenetrable,
impracticable.

a >4>U { «* sa'bndk, Hard, difficult, ardu-
ous.

sa'tar. Savory, origany (see

a sa'ad, Violent (torture) ; — su'd,
Name of a place ; — sa'id, One who rises ; —
su'ud (pi. of sa'ud), High places ; (pi. of
sa-ld) surfaces of the ground.

a dU*» sa'dd', Inconvenience, trouble,
pain, distress; — su'add', Deep, long-fetched
breath or sigh.

a f*> sa'ar (v.n.), Having a distorted face,
being wry-necked ; distortion of the face
(from pride or contempt) ; a disease in a
camel producing a wry neck ; smallness of
the head ; a drinking of biestings.

a sn'rur, su'urrwr, Concrete

gum ; biestings.

a m'sa', Separated, dispersed.

a &*«*o sa'sa'at (v.n. of &°*-°), Separating,
dividing, dispersing ; moving, shaking ;
name of a purgative plant ; also of the
father of a tribe.

a u A ».« > sa'f, "Wine (made from honey
or a fermentation of bruised grapes) ; a
kind of little bird.

a iJ*~ sa'fat, Trembling, a cold fit, a
shiver.

A sa.'faq, (jSA*^ sa'faqi, One who goes
to market, though he has no capital where-
with to buy.

A J}*** sa'fuq, Mean, worthless ; name of
a place in Yamamah ; = above.

a ,j*«> sa'q (v.n.), Striking (anyone) with
lightning (heaven) ; rendering insensible
(lightning) ; becoming insensible, swoon-
ing ; dying ; [as-sa'g, Name of a man ;] —
sa'aq, A loud noise ; — sa'iq, Loud-voiced ;
one who, from excess of terror, expects a
thunderbolt to fall upon him ; — su'aq, Name
of a place.

a sa'qat (v.n. of ij**), Fainting,
falling into a. swoon ; a swoon.

a J*«» sa'l, sa'al, Small-headed and necked
(man or ostrich) ; a palm with slender,
crooked, and barkless branches ; anything
long; bald (an ass); — sa'al (v.n.), Small-
ness of head and neck.

a su'luk, Poor, indigent.

a sa'w, A red-headed sparrow ; a
finch, goldfinch.

a hj*^ su'tihat (v.n. of s-**°), Being
difficult, intricate ; difficulty, trouble, dis-
tress.

a sa'wat, sa'wa, Small-headed (she-
camel) ; a hen-sparrow with a red head ; a
finch.

a Jyf sa'iid, High, towering, craggy,
steep ; the highest, most inaccessible part
of a mountain ; name of a mountain in hell ;
— su'iid (v.n. of J*°), Ascending ; mounting,
surmounting ; ascent ; (in math.) involu-
tion ; — su'ud u nuzid, Ascent and descent ;
involution and evolution.

a •V to sa'id, Surface of the earth ; dust
on it ; a mountain road ; dust which the
Muhammadans use for religious purifica-
tion when in lack of water ; name of a place

where the Prophet built a mosque ; — saldi
misr (or simply sa'id), Upper Egypt (in
length fifteen days' journey).

a jV*« sighar (pi. of sagMr), Small ; [sigltdr
u hibdr, Small and great, little and big,
the populace at large;] — sughtdr, Little,
small.

a SjU« saghdrat (v.n. of yt»), Being small,
young; being younger; infancy; smallneaa
(of worth, price, or dignity).

a &U« sagkdnat (for chagAdna), A staff
like a sceptre, to which are fixed three
cymbals, which mate a kind of music.

A sagidniydn, A city beyond the

Oxus.

a (jiU*. sagkdnl, Belonging to, native or
inhabitant of, Saghaniyan ; surname of the
Imam Hasan bin Muhammad, author of

sagkd'ir (pi. of saghiraf), Despic-
able things, trifles ; venial sins ; small,
young girls.

a tf***- .f'ffhbin, Sagapenon, a medicinal
herb.

a sughd, Name of a river and of a
country in Turkistan, Sogd, Sogdiana (one
of the four earthly paradises).

a sa gh r (v.n.), Being younger ; —
sugfir, Being mean, abject, slavish ; mean-
ness ; injury, injustice ; — sagh&r, Being
small, meai., contemptible ; — sig&ar, Small-
ness; infancy; — sughar (pi. of sugltra),
Minors, juniors ; lesser, least (things).

a sughra (for sugkra, fem. of asg&ar),
Smaller ; — sughar d' (pi. of saghlr), Small,
slender (men, &c).

a a^** sugkrdn, Smallness, littleness.

a Js;** sughra (fem. of asghar), Less,
least ; the minor of a syllogism.

a sag&w, sigiiw, Inclination, leaning,
proneness, bias.

a saghlr, Small, little, inferior, junior,
minor.

a saghlrat, saghira, A venial sin.

a saghlri, Smallness ; infancy.

a saff(v.n.), Drawing up (soldiers)
in a file, placing in battle-array ; standing
in a row; placing (their) feet in a row
whilst being milked (camels) ; placing
milk-pails in a line at milking-time ;
sticking bits of meat on a roasting-spit ;
stretching the wings (a bird) ; a series,
order, rank, row, file ; (construed with the
verbs az ham daridan, bar ham khwurdan,
bastan, adz Jcardan, eadan, shikastan, kashi-
dan, &c.) ; name of a village ; — sajfi, tegh,
The surface of a sword-blade ; — saffi kfidssa,
The distinguished order; prophets and
saints ; — saffi shikar, A ring of men en-
circling game (see ; — saff saff. In mil-
itary order, rank and file ; — saffi mdchdn
{ni'dl), A place where slippers are left.

^-o safd, Purity, clearness, polish, bright-
ness ; pleasure, recreation ; name of a sacred

( 787 )

( 788 )

mountain at Mecca -,—safa', in P. safd (v.n.
of Being serene (the sky)'; purity,
clearness, transparency ; polish ; pleasure,
joy, delight ; recreation, diversion, pastime ;
content, satisfaction; (pi. of safdt) large
smooth stones ;— m/a duzdldan, To rob of
purity ; — mfa' zadan, To invite ; to con-
gratulate ;~safd'i 'aqldat, Purity of faith ;
— safd'i 'uyun u anhar, Limpidity of foun-
tains and rivers;— safd hardan, To rejoice,
to enjoy;— safd kardid, You have given
pleasure (m.c. in receiving a visitor) ; —
ahli safd, Voluptuous; — bd safd'i khdtir,
With cheerfulness of mind, whlingly.

a \J^. to* safd-bakhsh, Delicious; puri-
fying.

a jt±> \Ju> safd pazir, Purified, purged,
racked.

a «to«> safdt, A large, smooth stone or
rock on which nothing grows.

a w\&*> sifdt (pi. of sifat), Qualities.

a (j 5 ^" ?ifdtr, Accidental ; artificial ; ex-
trinsic, acquired.

a Ls\u sifdiiyat, Name of a sect.

A sifdh, A broad and ugly appearance
of a horse's cheek; (pi. of safh) tracts,
parts ; sides ; the broad sides of swords or
faces ; — suffah, A broad stone, a flag-stone;
a broad-sword.

a ^* safd-Jchezl, Purification.

A oto« sifdd, A chairj, fetter.

Ajlio safdr, Dry herbage ; — swfdr, A hiss-
ing, whistling, chirping of a bird; a worm
which gnaws the bowels of a starving man ;
a collection of yellowish water in the belly ;
— saffar, A coppersmith ; — saffdr yaf-qub bin
lais, Name of a king who originally was a
coppersmith (see y^to*>).

\j\ saf-drd, One who draws up in
array.

a "-*«■> saf-ilrd'i, The marshalling of
troops ; array ; battle array ; parade ;
tactics.

a ts;^* saffdri, stiffdri, A coppersmith
(see the following).

a qV.; 1 ^ saffdriydn, *ijtoc saffdriya, Name
of a dynasty which reigned in Persia for
about half a century (thus called after its
founder, the coppersmith Ya'qub bin
Lais) ; also name of a sect founded by
Abdu 'llah bin Saffar.

a <-ito^ sifaf (v.n. 3 of <-i*), Drawing up
in lines or files.

a j^a* sifdq, A thin membrane beneath
the skin that produces the hair ; the peri.
toneum ; (pi. of saflq) thick, stout (stuffs or
silks) ; — saffdq, A great travelling merchant.

a Aitoc safdqat (v.n. of i3*»), Being stout,
coarse (cloth).

a tyy 5 * to* safd~maqrun, Sincere ; cheerful.

a L^>jto* safdwat, = to* q .v.

sifdhdn, Isfahan, the metropolis of
Persian Irak.

^yUtoo sifdhdni, A native of Isfahan; —

parda'isifaMnl, A species of melody peculiar
to Isfahan.

a ^to* safdyd (pi. of safi), (Camels)
abounding in milk ; the best parts (of any-
thing, especially of booty chosen by the
leader for hiinseJf before distribution}.

a £>to*> safd'ih, Broad swords; flag-stones;
camels with large bunches.

a ^J^e safd'i, Purity, clearness.

yLjto* safdyiydn, Name of a city in
Transoxania.

a ^to- safd'i-ndma, A deed of re-
lease ; a settlement, acquittance, discharge.

a <U~? <-i* saf-basta, Kanged in rank or
file.

a ^.uj saf-bandl, Array ; battle-

array; a line of hunters or beaters.

a sifat (v.n. of <-*-;), Describing ; de-
scription ; quality, attribute, epithet ; form,
mode, manner ; an adjective or whatever
qualifies a noun ; like, resembling ; [sifati
bahimat (basharlyat, malaklyat), Properties
of beast (man, angel) ; — sifati sabutlya
(zdtiya), A substantial form, essential or
fixed quality ; — sifati 'ariziya, An accidental
or movable quality;] — svffat, suffa, A sofa,
bench; a dais, estrade or raised floor; a
covered place for 2-eclining on before the
doors of Eastern houses or mosques ; — ahli
suffa (benchers), A number of companions
of Muhammad's flight, who, having neither
friends nor calling at Madinah, lived on
the donations of the faithful, and lodged in
the suffa of Muhammad's mosque.

v>**> safat, Name of a city iu Syria (see
■lA* safad).

a <-iy°y ^-^o sifat-mausuf, An adjective
with its substantive, the qualificative and
the qualified.

a sifatiya , Descriptive ; qualificative,
adjectival -—jumla'i sifatiya, A descriptive
or qualificative sentence.

a jAo safh (v.n.), Turning away (the
face) ; pardoning, forgiving ; leaving, quit-
ting ; refusing a beggar; driving (camels)
past the well ; giving to drink ; revising or
perusing sheet by sheet ; a tract, side,
quarter, border ; — safh, sufh, The broadest
side of a sword, or the face ; side (of a man) ;
edge or border (of a mountain), a smooth,
level part on its side ; — safah, A dispropor-
tionate breadth.

<^^Ae safahfd (pi. of safhaf), Pages.

A &ss**= safhat, safha, A face, side, page ;
expanse, surface, breadth ; a tract, border,
quarter ; broad side of a sword ; — safhatu 'l-
wajh, The cheek; — safha' i teghi sahar, First
streaks of light in the morning ; the sky ;—
safha'i hfd, State of the case, face of the
matter; — safha'i hastj, The page of existence,
the face of the world or earth ; — dar safha
guftan, To tell by letter, to write to ; — man
jastam ats rut da safha, I skipped two pages.

a -wu safd (v.n.), Binding, fastening,

jJLo ( 789 ) >o

fettering ; — safad, A chain, fetter ; a pre-
sent ; name of a town in Syria.

a *-4- saf-dar, Keeping rank ; putting
in order.

ctjAio saf-dar, Who breaks the ranks;
warlike, brave ; — rnardi dildwar u amlri saf-
dar, A valiant man and gallant commander ;
— mvhdrizdni saf-dar ti bahddurdni lashkar,
Courageous soldiers and bold warriors.

a ^sjJA* saf-dari, The Touting of armies.

a safadi, Belonging to, native or

inhabitant of, Safad (see surname of

Salahu 'd-din,

a safr (v.n. of ^°), Having a collection
of yellowish water in the belly ; — sifr, Cop-
per; gold; a cypher; — sifr (sufr, safr),
Empty; [sifru'l-yad, Empty-handed, poor,
weak ; — sifr kardan, To empty ;] — sufr,
Copper, brass ; — safar (v.n.), Being empty
(a vessel) ; without furniture (a house) ; a
distemper in the belly which renders the
face pale or yellow ; a serpent or worm said
to gnaw the bowels of a starving man ; in-
tellect, understanding ; name of the second
month of the Muhammadan year ; extension
01 the month Muharram into Safar; —
sajaru 'l-muzzafar, Safar the victorious ox-
fortunate.

a "\^> safrd', in P. safrd (fem. of asfar),
Yellow, saffron-coloured ; bile ; wine ; gold ;
— safrd sMkastan,safrd kardaii,To be angry ;
to avert the face ; to vomit.

a a^y* safrdghun, A yellowish bird fre-
quenting melon- grounds.

a yWT^. safra-kmh, (bile-killing) Break-
fast.

a fcjjS\jAo safrayun, = £)y*\yu> q.v.

a tS)V* safrdwi, Bilious, choleric.

a eV* safrdwl-mizuj , A bilious con-

stitution or temperament; having such.

safruya (?), Name of a town near
Tiberias.

a safrd'i, Bilious, choleric.

a Sjio safrat, Hunger ; hungry ; — sufrat,
Yellowness ; blackness ; name of a place in
Yam am ah.

a sifr-ddr, Empty ; very little.

a 8jj saf-zada, Formed in line or rank.

a a; cjU. saf-san, One who breaks the
ranks of an enemy, brave.

a u*)4-> saf-nanl, A breaking of the ene-
my's ranks, bravery.

a saf-shiJcan, A breaker of the

enemy's ranks ; — saf - shikandni rustam -
rusiim, Those who break the lines after the
fashion of Kustam, i.e. heroic champions.

a cjLa&c safsdf, A willow, osier.

a safsaf, Plain, level ground.

a £i« saf (v.n.), Tapping gently on the
neck ; giving a box on the ear.

a safaf, What is worn under a coat
of mail -—sufuf (pi. of suffat), Sofas, &c.
(see &*=).

a (JA«. safq (v.n.), Flapping (as a bird its

wings) and making a loud noise ; clapping
the hands ; taking another's hand (when
wishing joy or striking a bargain) ; turn-
ing (trans.) ; opening, and likewise shut-
ting (a door, &c.) ; striking the strings,
sounding a lute ; shaking, agitating (as the
wind a tree) ; filling (a cup) ; striking one
with a sword ; the side or slope (of a hill) ;
the side of the neck; the cheek (of a
horse); water put into a new leathern
bottle and turned yellow by shaking ; — sifq,
One half of a folding-door ; — mfq, A side,
quarter ; — safaq, Water turned yellow and
smelling from the leather of a new bottle ;
— sufuq (pi- of sifdq), Peritonea; (pi, of
sufvq) inaccessible mountains ; soft, lim-
ber (bows).

a SMe safqat, JjiiAo sifiqqd, A bargain
made by striking hands.

a (j-is <_4*> saf-kashi, A drawing up in
ranks, putting in battle-array.

a c>^" '-*- 0 saf-mdchdn, Asking pardon
for not knowing one's lesson.

a safn, A substance resembling

lights, protruding from a camel's mouth
when raging with lust ; yellowness ; — safn,
safari, The skin of the scrotum ; — sufn, A
table (properly safn) ; a leathern water-
bottle (especially for religious ablu-
tions) ; a shepherd's or camel-driver's pro-
vision-bag ; — safari, The pod in which the
ears of corn are enveloped; a wasp's nest.

a _j*-= safw (v.n.), Taking the brightest
part of anything ; brightness, clearness ;
the purest part of anything.

a y\ji*> safwan, The second of the days of
cold weather ; smooth, level stones ; name
of one of the followers of Muhammad,
whom the " hypocrites " accused of impro-
priety taken with 'Ayishah on a journey ; —
yaumi safwan, A clear, cloudless, and cold
day.

a iyi~ safwat, sifwat, sufwat, Choicest,
best, purest part ; — safwatu 'l-ldh, safwatu
'■l-ldh min khalqi-hi, The chosen of God
before His creatures, i.e. Muhammad.

a ni iyLs safwat-kada, A liQuse ; a cham-
ber ; a council-chamber ; the heart.

a t^"= safiih, Liberal; forgiving; distant,
shy, retiring (a wife with regard to her
husband) ;—snfuh (v.n. of e 4 - 5 ), Losing her
milk, becoming dry (camel).

a _)/■<> sufilr (v.n. of y^), Being void,
empty ; emptiness.

a saf lira', SyA* safurat, ^j)** safu-
riyd', Zipporah, Jethro's daughter, Moses'
wife ; according to the hadis, Moses' sister-
in-law.

a ^y** safvf, (A camel) filling with her
milk several pails at one milking ; — sufuf
(pi, of faff), 'Ranks, rows, lines.

a jyao safuq, High and inaccessible (moun-
tain) ; supple, smooth, limber (a bow).

a snfiln (v.n. of 0*-), Standing on

f~ ( 790 )

three feet (a. horse) J the point of the other
hoof only touching the ground ; placing
the feet properly (in prayer).

a (jj 4 * 1 safam, fern. SayL safavnyat, safa-
wlya, A prince or member of a dynasty
of Persian kings (-who reigned from about
the year 1500 till the usurpation of Nadir
Shah in. 1736), named from Ismael Safi,
first monarch of this house ; — khandani
safaviiya, The Safawiyan dynasty.

a ii» suffa, see a &u suffat.

a 1 _ s a» safi, Pure, clear, bright; just, up-
right, sincere ; the best part of booty taken
by the leader before distribution ; [saflyu
'llah, Adam ;] — sufly, sifly, Large, smooth
stones.

a l<iu> saftyat, safiya, Name of one of
Muhammad's wives ; — sufaiyat, First of the
days of cold weather.

a f-iJt* safih, The sky ; the surface of any
broad substance.

a S^tJu> safihat, Surface of a broad stone ;
surface of anything broad ; a broad sword ;
the panel of a door.

A;eA* safir (v.n. of yto), Whistling ; sing-
ing (a bird) ; (construed with the verbs
surudan, zadan, kardan, kashidan, &o.) ; —
safiri kjiwdb, Snoring ; — harfu 's-sofw, A
sibilant letter.

a <-M* safif, Bits of meat spitted in u
row for cooking ; pieces of meat, &c, laid
in a row to dry in the sun.

A safiq, (A garment) of a coarse,
hard texture ; impudent, unblushing (face).

A jj^Ae siffln, A town on the Euphrates
near which a great battle between All and
llu'awiyah was fought.

AtjAo safina, The juniper.

A^Ue siqdr (pi. of saqr), Curses, impre-
cations upon those who deserve them not ;
falcons ; — saqqdr, One given to cursing ; a
slanderer, whisperer ; a seller of syrup of
dates or grapes (saqr),

A fU» siqa', A cloth with which a woman
covers her head, to keep her veil from being
soiled by the unguent of her hair ; the rein-
ring in a camel's nose ; a brand on the
back of a camel's head ; an iron ring or
other check-rein for a horse.

a JUo siqal (v.o. of ja-°), Polishing (a
sword) ; polish, lustre ; the belly ; the art
of grooming a horse ; — saqqdl, A polisher,
furbisher.

a iyia« saqalibat {pi. of siqlab, siqldbi),
Northern nations, t Sclavonians, Russians,
Scythians.

A siqalat, A furV>ishing, polishing.

A s-^* saqb (v.n.), Striking with the fist ;
giving a slap with the hand ; rearing high
(an edifice) ; collecting ; chattering, chirp-
ing (a bird) ; long and somewhat slender ;
a camel-colt ; the middle and longest pole
of a tent ; land adjoining one's house ;
— saqab (v.n.), Being near; also being

distant ; nearness, neighbourhood ; dis-
tance.

a f*> saqr (v.n.), Beating with a stick ;
breaking (stones, wood, &c.) with a large
mattock (saqilr) ; being intense (the heat
of the sun) ; a hawk, falcon, or any bird of
prey ; sour milk ; syrup ; — saqar, Water
remaining in a tank; — saqxr, Dates from
which syrup is made ; — suqar, A flagrant
lie ; — mqqar, A pimp.

a £2* saq' (v.n.), Striking (a bird or
horse) on the middle of the head ; throw-
ing prostrate, dashing to the ground ;
crowing (a cock) ; going, tending towards ;
turning out of the road ; covering the earth
(dew or hoar-frost) ; striking one senseless
(lightning) ; — suq', A shore, coast, side,
tract; — saqa', Turning out of the road;
falling in (a well), giving way (the sides of
a well) ; being rendered senseless (by light-
ning) ; being white-headed (a horse, bird,
&c.) ; languor of mind from extreme heat.

a snq'at, Whiteness on the head of a
horse.

a J« saql (v.n.), Polishing, furbishing,
making bright (a sword) ; making lean (a
camel with travelling) ; cudgelling ; — suql,
The hypochondria ; the side; light, active
(a horse) ; — saqil, Irregular in pace ; (a
horse) spare of flesh.

a v 1 ^" siqlab, A glutton ; voracious (a
camel), white ; red; a Slavonian, Eussian,
Scythian.

a jSiJb* saql-gar, A polisher of swords, &c.

A AJh*. siqilliyat, siqliyat, Sicily.

a jjS- suqtir (pi. of saqr), Birds of prey,
hawks, &c. ; curses, imprecations,

a <-J}Ze suqilf (pi. of <-M« saqf), Roofs,
ceilings.

A £-&o saqi' (v.n. of £&»), Crowiug (a
cock) ; hoar frost, rime, dew; a kind of
wasp.

a JeAe saqil, Polished, furbished (sword).

a usL. sakh (v.n.), Striking violently,
knocking ; shutting (a door) ; (for P. chah)
the written and signed sentence of a judge;
sakku 'l-musdfir, A traveller's passport.

a usi'X* sikak (pi. of sakk), Sentences
signed by a judge ; — sukak, The air, atmo-
sphere ; — sakkdk, Clerk of a judge.

a u£)^£e sukuk (pi. of sakk), Sentences of
a judge.

sakm (v.n.), Striking; driving
back, thrusting away ; falling on anyone
(adverse fortune).

a i^Li* sakik (v.n. of *&(«<>), Being knock-
kneed ; weak, silly.

a J» sail (v.n.), Watering seeds mixed
•with earth ; clearing, straining, racking off
(wine) ; — sill, A basilisk ; a small green
serpent which cannot be charmed; a cala-
mity ; hardship ; a sharp sword.

a&° said, Kindling a fire in cold weather;
a proclamation either for giving food to the

( 791 )

poor or for selling anything; call to prayer ;
invitation (construed with the verbs dma-
dan, dddan, zadan, kardan, and guftan).

a »X*> said' (v.n. of l _ s k'), Growing hot ; —
sola', slid (v.n. of (J^), Enduring tbe heat
of fire ; — sild', Roast meat ; a fire ; the
burning of a fire.

>T»^e suldb, sulldb, An astrolabe.

A saldbat (v.n. of s-J-°), Being bard,
strong, robust ; firmness, hardness ; stiff-
ness, rigidity; severity, rigour; majesty,
dignity, awe.

a saldba, A stone for grinding drugs ;
— saldba kardan, To grind drugs. (See .)

A Siu> salat, Prayer, &e. (see *^°).

A uulU sildt (pi. of silat), Gifts.

a t^* saldh, Rectitude, probity, virtue,
integrity, honour, honesty, devotion ; advis-
ableness, propriety ; fitness ; a proper
thing, prudent measure ; well-being ; advis-
able, prudent, proper, right; name of
Mecca ; [saldhi hdl, Suitable to the time,
seasonable ; — saldh ddnistan, To deem ad-
visable ; — saldhi daulat, Good for the state ;
public welfare ; — saldhi samarqandi (for
sald'i samarqandi), A generous invitation ;
according to others, a sham invitation ; —
saldh na-tnibinam, I cannot see the good of
it (m.c.) ; — saldhi waqt, A fit opportunity,
a favourable time ;] — sildh (v.n. 3 of ^M,
Reconciling, making peace.

a c^* saldh-did, Advisable.

a }6 c^> sald.h-kdr, An adviser; a pious
man, a devotee.

A <V-^ saldhiyat, Honesty, integrity,
worth, virtue, goodness, chastity.

a (Jiyi* %<> sald-khwdn, Who calls to
prayer, a Mu'azzin.

a Sj^o saldwa, = the following.

A saldyat, A stone or mortar in which
musk is brayed.

A sald'iq, Thin bread ; (pi. of salt-
qat), meats thoroughly dressed, well-
roasted.

silaya, Stones on which musk is
brayed ; — sildya Icardan, To bray as with
a muller.

a s~l"° salb (v.n.), Crucifying ; gibbetting;
burning (fever) ; becoming quotidian (an
ague or fever) ; extracting marrow from
bones ; strengthening (a bucket) with a
double cross; roasting (meat) ; — sulb, Hard,
strong, robust ; strength, power ; back-
bone ; loins; hard, rocky ground; name of
a place ; — salab, Marrow, fat ; — sullab,
Hard, strong; a whetstone.

a ,_ ? 4*> sulbi, Proceeding from the Joins,
lumbar ; real, natural ; [shislia'i sulb/, Blad-
der ; — farzandi sulbiyash, His own son ;] —
mlabl, Belonging to the cross, cruciferous.

a sulbiya, Sclerotic coat (anat.).

A SL> silat, sulat (v.n. of J*j), Joining,
coupling ; — silat, sila, Conjunction, connec-
tion, relationship, affinity ; a present, gift;

poetical licence (unsupported by examples) ;
— sila'i rahim, A visit to, or intercourse
with, kindred ; — harfi sila, A conjunctive
particle, a preposition prefixed to a noun.

A salt, A broad, wide front or fore-
head ; straight, even, level ; a sharp and
shining sword; an active, bustling mail;
name of a man ; also of a place ; — salt, suit,
A large knife ;—silt, A thief, robber.

a salj (v.n.), Smelting (silver) ; cud-
gelling; — salaj, Deafness; — suluj, Good
money ; — sullaj, A cocoon.

A jJ*° silh, Good, fair ; name of a river ;
— sulh, Peace, concord ; reconciliation, paci-
fication; amicable arrangement, compact,
convention ; a treaty, truce (construed with
the verbs uftddan, dwardan, dddan, kardan,
&o. ;) — sulh Id 'iwaz, Compromise ; — sulbi
kdmil (hull), Perfect reconciliation, defini-
tive treaty ; universal toleration ; — sulh u
saldhi mustaujibu 'l-faldh, Peace and con-
cord, productive of prosperity.

A "W-o sulh-an, Pacifically.

a oUfcLo sulahd' (pi. of sdlih), Just, pious.

a sulk-dmes, Conciliatory.

a jjiXw C L= sulh-shikani, A breach of the
peace.

a jV£ pLs sulh-Jcdr, Peaceful ; peace-
making ; amicable, conciliatory.

a (^jtf gi* sulh-kdri, Amicableness, con-
ciliatoriness.

a £.U sulh-ndma, Treaty of peace,
compact.

a sulha, Friendship.

a salakh (v.n.), Being deaf ; deafness.

a &>Ulc salkhdna (prob. for salakh- kAdna),
A slaughter-house, shambles.

a said, A smooth, shining forehead
(especially if bald) ; a horse not sweating ;
hard, solid, strong, smooth ; a place where
nothing grows; — salad (said ? v.n.), Strik-
ing the ground with his hoofs in running (a
horse) ascending (a mountain); gnashing
(of the teeth).

a JL«U salsdl, Clay mixed with sand, or
clay not made into earthenware ; clay dry
and hard which yields a sound.

J*sU salsal, Forelocks of a horse ; — sulsul,
A ring-dove, a wood-pigeon ; forelocks of a
horse ; white in a horse's mane ; water re-
maining in a tank ; a cup, small vessel; a
skilful shepherd ; name of a place on the
road to Madinah ; also of a river in Yama-
mah.

a sul' (pi. of asla'), Bald-headed
(men) ; — sala' (v.n.). Being bald, baldness;
— sulla', A broad and hard stone ; a place
producing no herbage.

a oUU sal'd' (fern, of asla'), Bald (wo-
man) ; bare, producing nothing (ground) ;
a misfortune ; any important affair or
notorious contingency ; a thorny tree naked
by the falling of the leaves.

a sala'at, suta'at, A bald place.

( 792 )

a sal'am, A symbolical word frequently
added to the name of Muhammad, and
formed from the abbreviation of the phrase
salla' 'l-ldhu 'alaihi wa sallam, May God
bless and assoil him !

a »-4lo salf, A vacuum in the heart of a
palm-tree; — salaf (v.n.), Boasting, making
false pretensions ; exceeding bounds ; being
unable to please her husband though be-
having properly (a woman) ; speaking dis-
agreeably or invidiously ; being tasteless
and giving little nourishment (food) ; —
sa.fi/", Insipid and affording but little
nourishment ; a vessel holding but little ;
heavy (a vessel) ; thundering but rainless
(a cloud) ; a boaster; one who makes false
pretensions.

a salq (v,n.), Making a loud, grating
noise ; beating (with a stick) ; lying with a
woman prostrate on her back ; overwhelm-
ing an enemy with a tremendous attack ;
oppressing with heat (the sun) ; — salaq,
Plain, level ground.

a (Xo salm (v.n.), Extirpating, mutilating
(nose or ears).

A uw\^l« salawat (pi. of the following),
Prayers, benedictions, blessings ; curses,
maledictions; synagogues, Jewish oratories ;
(pi. of said) middles of backs.

a saldt (v.n. 2 of ^l*), Praying ;
being merciful (God) ; prayer ; supplica-
tion for forgiveness ; compassion, mercy ;
a place of prayer, a synagogue.

a saluh, = e^" ; — suluh (v.n, of
pi*), Being good, excellent ; being right,
fit, proper, corresponding with ; good con-
dition.

a i^o salukh, Hardship, fatal calamity.

a <ijl*> salud, Slow-boiling (kettle) ; (a
horse) not perspiring ; (a camel) yielding
but little milk ; one who through fear
ascends a mountain ; hard ; level ; solitary ;
— sulud (v.n. of JJL*), Sounding when struck
yet emitting no fire (a flint, <fec).

a £}U sulugh. Fulness of growth (in a
sheep).

a J}!— suhll (v.n. of J-°), Beginning to
putrify (meat), to get tainted (water).
y£*> salun, Capers.
a iio sila, see a .

a saly (v.n.). Roasting; warming
before the fire (the hands, &c.) ; deceiving
by caresses, circumventing, betraying into
danger ; — salla (pret. of 2nd conj. used opta-
tively), May He pour blessings, or be pro-
pitious !

a >r-<i« salib, Hard, strong, firm ; a cross,
crucifix ; three-cornered, cross-shaped ; a
cruciform brand on a camel ; four stars
behind the eagle ; a standard ; marrow ;
[salibi ablcar, (great cross) A colure ; — salibi
bddparwd, A window-frame ; — salibi khatti,
A quadrangular line; — ashabi salib (sulub),

The crusaders ;]— sulaib, Name of a town ;
also of a mountain.

a ;\j s-!>k> salibwdr, Across, crosswise.

a (j**^ salibi, Belonging to the cross ;
cruciferous ; cruciform ; a Christian priest.

a c\*J* sulai'd', The exposed privities of
man or woman ; auy shameful affair ; hard-
ship ; calamity.

a £-J- saligh. — (3*1- q.v.

a i-A-J— sallf. The side of the neck, the
head of the vertebrse, where they join the
skull ; two cross-pieces of wood on a camel's
saddle whereon the litter rests (mostly used
in the du. sallfan, which also means the
two sides of the neck).

a (jM* saltq, Even, smooth, shining;
name of a town near Wasit.

a J*)>-= salil (v.n. of J-=), Sounding (iron) ;
roaring (the sea) ; the rumbling of the
bowels when dry from thirst ; becoming
dry (a leather bottle, or the entrails of a
camel from thirst) .

a i»* samm (v.n.), Closing or corking (a
bottle) ; emitting no sound when struck;
being deaf, deafness ; — simm, Bold, brave
(man) ; a lion; — summ (pi. of asamm), The
deaf ; hard stones or rocks.

a sammd' (fern, of asamm), Deaf,
dumb, one that can neither hear nor be
heard ; hard, solid (rock), not returning an
echo ; misfortune, calamity ; a surd in
arithmetic.

a uulw sumdt (v.n. of <^-*^), Being silent,
silence.

a sumdh, The smell of the arm-pits
when sweating ; a cautery.

a samdkh, Name of a river ; — simakh,
The ear, organ of hearing ; the hollow of
the ear ; a small quantity of water.

a jU-> simdd (v.n. 3 of ■**-"), Fighting
with swords; striking at each other with
whips ; a cork, stopper, or strap to secure
the mouth of a bottle ; a kerchief worn
round the head.

a f»U-« samdm, A misfortune ; — simdm,
The stopper of a bottle.

t ^U-o samdn, Straw.

a iU- simmat, A male serpent ; a bold
man ; adverse fortune, calamity.

a «^~»*> samt, Silence; speechlessness;
taciturnity.

A 8^** samajat (pi. samaj), A lamp.

a samh (v.n), Dissolving (as intense
heat does the brain) ; striking with a whip.

a samkh (v.n.), Striking on the hol-
low of the ear ; smiting the face violently
(the sun) ; striking the eye or ear with the
clenched fist ; — simkh, A dry crudity in an
ewe's teat after lambing, which dropping
away, the milk improves.

a samd (v.n.), Going towards, wish-
ing to approach ; corking a bottle ; beating,
striking ; an elevated rugged place ; black-
ness of the face from the heat of the sun;

( 793 )

— samad, A lord, chief, one to whom people
resort in an important matter; perpetual,
eternal; sublime, high; the Eternal, the
Most. High; a proper name (m.c).

a samddn, ^l-**- 0 samddnl,

samadi, Eternal ; divine.

a samddniyat, Eternity.

A y**> samr (v.n.), Being avaricious ;
keeping back, hindering ; flowing through
a plain from a declivity (water) ; — samr,
sumr, The smell of a fresh leathern bottle ;
also of meat ; putridness, stench ; — simr, A
place where water collects ; — sumr, Water
contained in a vessel ; fulness of a vessel.

a j»lo*« samsdm., Bold, resolute, keeu ; a
sword that bends not ; a sharp sword.

a samsam, Extremely avaricious ; — •
simsim, Thick ; hardy, keen (man) ; short ;
the middle.

a sam' (v.n.). Striking (with a stick) ;
passing by (people), and wearying them by
one's speech ; — Sum' (pi. of asma'). Small
ears ; small-eared ; [sum'u 'l-ku'ttb, Dogs
with small ankle- bones ;] — sama', Blunder-
ing in speech; entering boldly on any
matter.

a samgli, Gum of the tree qaraz,
called also samcffri 'arabl, Gum arabic ;
[samgJiu 'l-qatad, Tragacanth gum ; — sam-
ffhu 'l-mahrus, ABsafcetida ; — samg&i alii,
Plum-tree gum ; — samghi aiucha (kllds) ,
Cherry-tree gum ; — samghi bufjm, Gum of
the turpentine tree ; — samglii hamdma, Gum
ammoniac; — samghi sanaubar, Common
frankincense ; — samg&i Jcdj, White resin ; —
wmghi nuhasta, Dextrine -,]— simagh., A
dry crudity in a camel's dug after eolting,
which falling off, the milk improves.

A J*-° saml (v.n.), Striking (with a stick) ;
being hard, firm ; drying up (a tree not
watered) ; abstaining from food.

a (n-e samam (v.n. of j*°), Growing deaf;
deafness; a stoppage in the ear; — simam
(pi. of simtnat), Bold, resolute men ; lions ;
male serpents.

a oj+o sarnilt, Silent, mute, speechless ;
heavy (coat of mail) ; sharp, deep-piercing
(sword) ; name of a horse.

T_)j+"» samur, Sable (fur).

A sumur (v.n. of j*^>), Being ava-
ricious ; keeping back, hindering.

A Jj** sunml (v.n. of J**), Striking with
a stick ; being hard, firm.

A fr***' samim, Pure, unmixed, sincere ;
the choicest part of anything ; the pith or
marrow ; root, origin ; core, bottom of the
heart; deaf.

a 0 -*. ;, ^. f samtrni, Cordial ; inward ; pure,
sincere.

A sinn, A little basket in which bread
is carried ; urine of a stag ; name _ of the
first of the days called aiyami 'ajuz, <].v.
under .

a sindb, A kind of seasoning for meat

made of mustard and dried grapes bruised
together; long in back and belly (horse).

a ^>oUo sanadid (pi. of sindid), Kings,
princes, chiefs, generals ; troops, batta-
lions, armies ; misfortunes, dangers, cala-
mities, great or formidable events ; — sand-
didi ghuzdt, The principal commanders.

A c?i jU-o sanadiq (pi. of sanduq), Cheats.

a ^> sindr, sinndr (from P. chan&r), The
phae-tree ; the head of a spindle.

A gU* sanna', Artist, artizan, handi-
craftsman ; — sunnd' (pi. of sdni'), Work-
men, operatives.

A £clLo sina'at, Art, industry ; profession,
trade, craft ; — sanna'at, A water- dam, a
dyke.

A sundn, The smell of the arm-pits.

a jjUo §ana'i' (pi. of sind'at), Arts,
trades, crafts; miracles; (pi. of sam'al)
acts, actions ; benefits, kindnesses ; — sa-
nd'i'i bada'i', Bare and wonderful works of
art ; skilful constructions ; rhetorical flour-
ishes, figures of speech ; — sand'i' u ma'drif,
Arts and sciences.

a sanj (from P. chang), An Arabian
cymbal, or two concave discs, which, when
struck together, make a tingling sound,
chiefly used as an accompaniment to other
instruments ; a sort of stringed instru-
ment ; — mnuj, Dishes made of ebony.

a olya sanjat (pi. of sanj), Cymbals,
tambourines.

a iUti* sanjat, A balance, Bcales ; a weight
(also sanjatu 'l-mizdn).

a. jjasj.*. sanjuq (for ^j**^ q.v.), A flag.

A Jii» sandal, Sandal, an odoriferous
wood ; a perfumed embrocation obtained
by rubbing a piece of sandal-wood with
water on a stone ; a four-legged stool ; a
sandal (shoe) ; a camel with a large head,
thick and strong ; (construed with the verbs
bu'lan, sd'idan, kardan, Jcashtdan, mdltdan,
&c. ;) — sandali mirth, Red sandal-wood ; —
sandali safed, White sandal-wood.

a LJf J-*^-* sandal-dsd, A flat circular
stone on which saudal-wood is ground.

a, Jjij-o sandal-ddna, A sort of wild
rue.

a.Jxvo sandali, Made of sandal- wood; of
the colour of sandal-wood, light yellow; an
eunuch; name of a city in Kashmir ; (for
sandali) the place for the sandals or boots ;
throne, bench, seat, chair ; a moveable scaf-
fold ; others following Ibn Batutah derive
the word in this meaning also from, sandal,
because such thrones were made of sandal-
wood ; — sandali 'i halaska, A coach-box
(m.c).

a vSj-^ sanduq, sundfcq, A chest, casket,
coffer, box, trunk.

a s^i^xu, sauduqcha, A small chest, a
casket.

a (SoV^j^. sanduq-thdna, A wardrobe, a
box-room; place where the regalia are kept.

Ja-o ( 794

a ^yj^ sanduql, Box-ahaped (tomb, or
scabbard of a sword made in that form).

a ■^•^ sindid, A prince, gallant com-
mander ; rain in large drops ; violent (wind,
heat or cold) ; triumphant.

A_C A « san' (v.n.), Well-grooming and
feeding (a horse) ; doing, creating ; name
of a bird ; also of a worm ; — sire', Clever-
handed, delicate-handed; a roasting-spit ;
dressed meat, travelling-provisions ; a gar-
ment ; a tailor ; a turban, or turban-sash ;
a cistern ; — sun 1 , Doing a kind action, be-
having well to; also doing ill; skilful,
dexterous.

a san'd', The metropolis of Ya-

man.

a (ji^io san'ani, Of the city San'ii.
a san'at (v.n. of Exercising a

trade.

a san'at-Jedr, A workman, a crafts-

man.

a j&zxi*, san'atgar, An artizan, mechanic.

a ^sj&^i* san'atgarl, Art, artistic skill ;
performance of miracles.

a j5»-~» sin'd, sun'd, sana'a, sunu'a, Indus-
trious, clever-handed people.

a ^"^o sun't, Artificial, artistic.

a uftiu. san'att, Artistic.

a i-A-i* sanf, Name of a plae6 whence
fragrant wood is brought; — sanf, sinf, Kind,
sort, species ; mode, manner, form ; guild ;
category ; tribe ; — sinf, Quality, property ;
the border of a veil; part, side; — sunf (pi,
of asnaf), Male ostriches whose legs are
excoriated.

a l _ 5 &u> sanfi, Of, from, or belonging to
Sanf; — 'audi sanfi, Aloes wood from Sanf
(worst kind, the best being called a
middle sort ^J^i, qq-v.).

a (>!-> sanaq, A rank smell under the
arm-pit; — saniq, Anything rank.

A i**-> sanam, An image, idol ; (met.) a
beloved object, a mistress; name of a game
amongst children ; stench.

a i>^- sanam-khdna, y-^ 8-*S (•■ s -° sa-
na>m-Jeada'i chin, An idol-temple.

a f> f**> sanam-gar, A maker or carver of
idols.

a y-e sanw, Bad wood, stones, or a small
stream between two mountains; — sinw,
sunw, From the same origin, as two brothers
by the same father and mother, uterine
brothers ; a cousin ; a paternal uncle ; two
streams from the same fountain-head ; two
trees from the same stock.

A t>\fi* sinwdn (du. and pi. of sinw),
Uterine brothers ; paternal uncles.

sanaubar, Any cone- bearing tree;
a fir; the pistachio-nur ; the fruit of the
cms-tree.

^ji. j>y-« sanaubar-kkirdm, Waving like
a fir-tree 121 walking.

a, ti—.U yy^o sanaubar-qdmat, a± yy^>
sanaubar-qad, Of a lofty stature.

) < -r>^°

a iJjAe sunuf (pi. of sinf, sanf), Different
sorts or forms.

a ^>>y-> sinwain (obi. du. used as nom.),
Two wells or two rivers from the same
source ; two palm-trees growing from the
same root.

a sanV, Any work of art ; operation,
creation, performance, aet, deed ; a creature
of God ; a present, gift, donative ; well
groomed and fed (horse) ; polished and
proved (sword, arrow, Ac); — sani'u'd-
daulat, Court secretary (m.c.) ; — sani'u 'l-
qadam, Clever, skilful ; — su'i sani', A vil-
lainous action.

a aa^« sanl'at, An art, action.

a s-^j* sawdb, Rectitude, justness of
acting or of thinking ; accuracy, reason,
right way, correct mode, proper manner; a
happy issue, success; — simti sawab, The
path of reason ; — hi 's-sawdb, Justly, pro-
perly, rightly, reasonably.

a ji>i*i\ v>\r° savml-andesh, Eight-think-
ing.

a ^.^ya sawdb-dtd, Approval, good opi-
nion; advisability; expediency.

a \+*.\ys sawdb-namd, Showing well, ap-
pearing probable, just, or reasonable.

a cV° siiwah, Plaster, clay ; sweat of a
horse ; milk in which the water prevails j
a palm-blossom ; high ground.

a suwar, shoar, A herd of wild oxen ;
scent, perfume ; a little musk.

A <-*j\y» sawdrif (pi. of sdrifat), Vicis-
situdes of fortune, accidents, events, revo-
lutions.

a pj\f° sawdrim (pi. of stirim), Sharp,
cufting, &c.

A suivd', sited', A drinking-vessel ; a
large cup ; a certain dry-measure.

a <3^f sawd'iq (pi. of sd'iqat), Thunder-
bolts.

a swwdgk, Form, shape, mould,
cast; — sauwdgh, A founder, moulder, one
who casts into a form ; a liar.

a sautodf, A wool-merchant.

A f>\]*> saw dm, An arid country ; — eauviiim,
One who fasts continually.

A £?*V° sa-wdlij, &^f> sawdlijat, saivalija
(pi. of sanlajdn), Clubs for playing at
polo.

a savidlih (pi. of sdlihat), Pious

women, &q.

a £~V> sawdmi' (pi. of sautna'at), Ora-
tories, places of worship ; monasteries ;
hermitages, cells.

a sawdn, siwdn, suwdn, A cloth-press,
a wardrobe; — suwdn, A. bow-case; Assuan
in Nubia ; — muwdn, n. u. &tj-o sauwdnat,
Hard stones ; podices.

a saub (v.n.), Eaining, falling (rain);
pouring forth water (a cloud) ; design, aim ;
course, tendency ; part, side ; a path, track,
the right way ; name of the father of a
tribe.

( 795 )

a <*>W.y subajdt (pi. of the following),
Provinces.

a Ajj* siiba, A province, such as Bengal,
Bahar, &c, comprising several drears (dis-
tricts), each circfir containing so many
pergunnahs (or hundreds of a district, so
to speak).

a jIj &>fe suba-ddr, }\±>.y siibadar, Viceroy
or governor of a province ; a military officer
among Indian troops, whose rank corre-
sponds to that of a captain.

a v5^ J suba-ddri, Viceroyalty ; cap-
taincy.

A saui (v.n.), Calling out ; shriek of
distress ; construed with the verbs bastan,
tarawldan, rasldan, kashidan, &c. ; — sautu 'l-
kalb, Bark of a dog.

A Cy° sauh (v.n.), Splitting, dividing; —
sauh, suh, A steep river-bank, or the pre-
cipitous side of a mountain resembling a
wall.

A >y° saur (v.n.), Inclining or causing to
hang down ; turning ; cutting, dissecting,
dividing ; small palm-trees joined together ;
the root of a palm-tree ; the middle of a
river ; name of a fortress ; — stir, A trumpet,
clarion, horn ; the trumpet of Isriifil sum-
moning mankind to resurrection ; Tyre ;
(pi. of siirat) forms, &c. ; [suri cih, The cry
of one in pain ; — sitri subh-gahl, The cries of
anyone very early in the morning ; — suri
nim-shabi, Cry or lamentation in the middle
of the night;] — sawar (v.n.), Inclining;
crookedness ; — suwar (pi. of siirat), Forms,
figures, modes, &c.

snrdkhi, A long-necked, flagon.

A ijye saurat, An itching on the head ; —
sural, sura, Image, form, figure; face, effigy,
visage; appearance, semblance, resem-
blance; picture, portrait; spectre, appa-
rition, ghost; mode, manner, fashion, shape;
copy, transcript, abstract ; — surati ahwal,
State of the case, written statement of
facts ; — siirati ikhtiyari, The potential mood ;
— suraii dmira, The imperative mood ; —
surat bar-ddsMan, To take pattern from ; —
siirat bastan (bandldan), To assume a form,
to consist ; to be conceivable, possible, prac-
ticable; to come into existence, to exist ; —
suraii baydniya, The indicative mood; —
suraii kdl, State of the case ; a written
statement of facts; a manifesto; — siirati
daftar, A book of accounts ; a journal, re-
gister, inventory ; transcript or entry in
such books ; — surati dlwar, Like a picture
on a wall ; aghast, struck with astonish-
ment; — surati shartiya, The subjunctive
mood ;— surati masdari, The infinitive mood ;
— siirati mu'dmala, Dissimulation ; fiction ;
— surati wahvil, A spectre, hobgoblin, phan-
tom ; — surat ydftan, To assume a form or
shape, to come into existence ; — tabdili
siirat hardan, To disguise oneself, to mas-
querade, to travel incognito ; — dar siirat

(siirate hi), In case, provided that. (The
word is moreover construed with the verbs
pdziruftan, pardd.Jchtan, dddan, ddehtan,
raftan, zadan, sdhhtan, hardan, giriftan,
nishastan, &c.)

a "'ijy suraian, To all appearance, ap-
parently, ostensibly.

a \j\ >^>_y surat-drd dray), A de-

pictor, limner.

a Vaa^ uujjo mrat-ashna, Slight acquain-
tance.

a mwjjc surat-bdz, A player, an actor.

a aa? surat-band, An artist, painter ;
sculptor, statuary.

a <^J^ <^>)y° sHrat-landi, The art of paint-
ing or statuary.

a ji&> siirat-pazir, Assuming or re-

ceiving form or shape ; coming into exis-
tence ; — siirat pazir hardan, To mould into
shape.

a ei^-ys siirat-parast, An iconolater.

a (>\f> sUrat-hardm, Plausible, whose
appearance promises more than events will
justify, specious, superficial ; fair without,
foul within.

a &Sla- surat-khdna, A picture-gal-

lery.

a £)\}"S- ^1?° siirat-khwdn, One who pic-
tures the stato of angels and men as to
reward and punishment on the day of re-
surrection, and receives a remuneration for
it, from the bystanders.

a jL. >^>jy surat-sfm, = **>jy° <3- v -

a i^i uuy* surat-hada, A picture-gallery.

a surat-kasK, jSut>;y> suratgar, A

painter ; a sculptor.

aj\ } S «py-> surat-gardr, A depictor, lim-
ner.

* ^^utfjj* siirat-qari, A giving form, for-
mation.

a ^ii" sitrat-nishin, Painted, sculp-
tured.

J&A siirat-nigdr, A. painter ; a

sculptor
a i_s-?.f
transcript

w^yc surat-ivawisi, A copy, a

n, surat-namd, Apparent; — surat-

namd shudan, To appear, to seem,
a ^'jy surati, Handsome.

0^»y> surquni kabud, A kind of wil-
low.

Sy« sura, see A. Zjy surat,

a <4y<> sim, fem. hjy sitriyat, siiriya, Ex-
ternal, apparent; pertaining to the face,
facial; a native of Tyre ; — inhizdmi suri, A
feigned retreat, rout, or defeat; — pare-
shimi'i suri, Alteration of countenance, dis-
turbed external appearance ; — muXki suri,
The visible or external world ; — muwdsalati
suri, Personal interview; — 'illati siiriya,
Ostensible cause ; — matd'ibi siiriya, Out-
ward troubles.

sutala, A species of beet.

a m 1 (v.n.), Separating ; scattering ;

( 796 )

terrifying, frightenings measuring with
the measure sd' (see

a £y> mugh (v.n.), Creating, forming,
shaping, moulding, casting ; melting ; exer-
cising the goldsmith's or founder's art;
framing a lie; subsiding (water into the
ground) ; flowing easily down the throat
(wine) ; form, mode ; like, equal.

A <Jy> sauf (v.n.), Flyinpt wide of the
mark (an arrow) ; declining, departing
from ; being turned away (the face) ; — st\f,
Wool, a fleece; goat's hair ; camelot ; the
cross threads of gold lace ; a kind of silk
stuff ; a pieoe of wool, &c. put into an ink-
stand ;—sawif, Woolly.

A &iy s'ilfat, A flock, lock of wool ; name
of the father of a tribe of the Banii Muzir •
— sufaiv, 'd-dawdt, Wool or cotton put into
an inkstand.

a sufi. Woollen ; wise, intelligent ;

pious devout,, spiritual ; a religious man of
the order of the Sufi (the Siifi being a higher
order of mystic than the Qalandar or Mala-
mati; lor although the two latter renounce
the world, they still are subject to a supe-
rior; whilst the Siifi acknowledges no
spiritual head).

« y^y sufiyan, Sufis, religious brethren,

a <sjL>i}~ sufiyana, Of or relating to the
Sufis ; like a Sufi ; simple, plain ; certain
musical modulations ; victuals not contain-
ing flesh.

a siifiyat, suflya, Sufiiam ; the Beet
of Sufis ; (for <fcyi*=) the Safawi dynasty.

a siifi-labus, Dressed like a

Siifi.

A sauq (v.n.), Driving ; — suq, A mar-
ket-place, a bazar ; name of a place near
Madinah.

A ts)j« sauk (v.n.), Adhering to the body
(the smell of saffron) ; being imbued with
the smell of saffron (a garment or the
body) ; the first or beginning of anything.

A j)* faul (v.n.), Being proud, inso-
lent, perverse, unjust, furious; assaulting,
attacking, rushing upon; — ml, Name of a
place.

a &Jje saulat (v.n. of Jj-=), Attacking,
rushing upon ; onslaught ; fury, violence,
ferocity, impetuosity ; [saulat shikastan, To
break one's power, insolence, arrogance,
&c. ; — saulat u shuj&'at, Ferocity and
valour ;] — sulat, (Wheat) winnowed and
heaped up.

a o^j*> mulct/) an (for P. chaw/an), A long
bat, curved at one end, with which horse-
men strike the ball in the game of horse-
shinty.

a saum (v.n.), Fasting ; standing
without provender (a horse) ; ceasing work;
being still (wind); keeping silence; ab-
staining from speech, from food or drink,
from coition ; ostrich-dung ; fast ; one who
fasts ; a Christian church.

A cloister,

a g*f> sautna', A cloister, cell, her-
mitage.

A i*/»yc sauma'at, sauma'a (v.n. of
Heaping up to a point ; collecting, bring-
ing together; a high-crowned cap, mitre,
tiara ; a Christian cell, a hermitage, a
monastery ; an eagle.

a taUl <jtjj sauma'a-darmii falak,

The angels who surround the throne.

a y->-Sj &*u*yo sauma' a-nishin, A monk.

a <$y> saim (v.n.), Guarding, preserving;
standing on the edge of the hoof (a horse).

t a ey»j« sun- tar dj, A farrier's tool for
clipping the hoof.

a 4*> sah, sah-in, Hush ! silence !

a sikar (v.n. 3 of j$«s), Contraction of
affinity by marriage (see SysUi*).

a JL^ sukdl, The neighing of a horse ; —
sahhdl, A neighing horse.

a j,Vyo suhdm, Name of an imaginary
animal, having the body of a flame-coloured
dragon, and the head of a horse with four
eyes.

a s-ve sukb (pi. of askab), Bed (camels) ;
— sakab, A reddish colour mixed with
white about the belly (in camels).

A oWir" sahbd', Reddish (she-camel) ;
wine, or the expressed juice of white
grapes ; red wine ; — sahbd' zadan, To drink
(red) wine ; — sahbd'i nashdt-afed, Wine
raising the spirits, increasing cheerfulness.

A sahd (v.n. of Burning one

(the sun).

sahr (v.n.), Melting; burning the
brain (the sun) ; anointing the head ; hot,
sultry ; relationship by marriage; — sikr, A
father-in-law ; a son-in-law ; a sister's hus-
band.

a hfl* sahriyat, Alliance by marriage.

A gi/f sihrij, A cistern, reservoir.

A Jif sahal, said, A sharp, hoarse voice.

a sahwad, Large-bodied, corpulent.

A <-r~*<° sukaib, Name of companion of
Muhammad celebrated for his abstemious-
ness.

a $aMl (v.n. of J-ifo), Neighing; the
neigh of a horse ; — sdhil hardan, To neigh.

A eW-° fiydh (v.n. 3 of c~°), Calling
aloud, shouting to one another ; exclama-
tion, clamour ; — siyah, suydh (v.n. of {-**>),
Shouting, crowing (a cock) ; being tall (a
palm-tree); — saiyah, Loud-voiced, cla-
mourous, noisy ; a kind of perfume or
lotion for the head ; honey ; name of a
man.

a saiydd, A hunter ; a fowler ; a
fisherman ; (met.) a ravisher of hearts ; —
saiyadi ajal, The fatal hunter, i.e. death.

a &*>W §ayadilat.(jil.oi saidaldni), Natives
of Saidalan.

a <j«iW*> sayddi, Hunting, fowling, fish-
ing, shooting ; the chase ; field-sports.

a saydrif (pi. of sairaf), Bankers,
money-changers, &c.

( 797 ) ^

A saydsl (pi. of slsatyStsiyaf), Cocks'
spurs, fortresses, &c.

a saiyaah. A goldsmith, silversmith.

A siyaghat, The art of a goldsmith.

a J*l~* saydqil, siil^o sayaqilat (pi. of
saiqaV), Furbishers, armourers.

a JW« sij/aZ (v.n. of J^°), Insulting, over-
bearing, assaulting, attacking.

siyrim (v.n. of j^), Abstaining from
food, fasting ; a fast; (pi. of sa'im) f asters ;
— mahi siydm, The month of fast, Ramazan.

a siyan (v.n. of uy), Keeping, pre-
serving ; laying up ; standing on the point
of his foot (a horse) ; — siyan, sayan, suyan,
A wardrobe.

a &Vi« siyanat (v.n. of ty»), Preserving,
laying up ; defence, protection, preserva-
tion ; guard, guard over oneself; support;
— siyanati khtin u mal hardand, They pre-
served their Jives and property; — siyanat
Icardan, To defend, support, guard, patron-
ize, maintain, observe ; — siyanati nafs. Self-
defence or preservation ; — ahli siyanat,
Honest, upright people.

A s-^ saib, saihubat (v.n, of

Being well-directed (arrow), hitting the
mark ; — saiyib, A cloud pouring down.

a sit, Fame, good reputation ; rain ;
— sit u ishtihar, Fame and reputation,

a saih, u^**- 0 sayahdn (v.n. of £<-=),
Shouting, crying aloud;— saihan, Name of
a ram kept in Madinab, at the side of whose
stable a date-tree stood that yielded ex-
quisite fruit ; hence—

a <j>W-« saihdnl, A kind of Madinah
date.

a a«**> saihat, An exclamation, cry, shriek.

a ^ said (v.n.), Hunting ; the chase ;
prey, game ; anything to be killed or slaugh-
tered ; construed with the verbs raha kar.
dan, zadan, sar dddan, Icardan, giriftan,
&c. ; [saidi samak kardan, To fish ; — said
shudan, To be hunted, caught, snared, en-
trapped ;] — sid, sayad, A distemper incident
to camels ; — sayad (v.n.), Bearing the head
erect from pride.

A ^-V" saidi', Bough and rocky ground ;
Sidon ; name of a well renowned for the
limpidity of its water.

a .x~>> said-afgan, One who brings

down game, a hunter.

a ij&fi said-afgani, The killing or
pursuit of game, the chase.

a j\Jj\ ±t*> said-anda.z baz), A sports-
man.

a <jjM A** said-andazi, = q.v.
^j-s-. saidani, of Sidon, Sidonian.
a *4 J-«> said-band, A taker or capturer
of game.

a <s-i.(i said-pesha, A hunter, &c., by
trade ; one who lives by the chase.

a saidaq, Faithful, trusty.

a stf ■x**> said-gdh, A forest, chase, hunt-
ing place.

a saidgar, A hunter, fowler, fisher.
a t>l!>v saidaldn, Name of a country or
place.

a jSxyo saidalanl, A native of Saidalan ;
a druggist, chemist, dealer in —

a &Jo.~c saidalat, A kind of perfume ; the
sale of such.

a saidi, Referring to game ; (in

India) a capturer (by mutual consent) of
pigeons (belonging to another pigeon-
fancier) ; a rival pigeon-fancier.

A sair (v.n.), Cutting ; becoming ;
being ; changing from one state into an-
other ; — sir, A side, quarter, limit ; issue,
termination, result ; a food prepared from
fish, fish-jelly ; a crevice in a door ; — siyar
(pi. of sirat), Sheep-cotes, cow-sheds.

a Sj** sirat, A sheep-cote ; a cow-shed.

a sairaf, sairafi, A banker, or

money-changer ; a cunning fellow, a cheat.

a iyj-o sairurat (v.n. of }#*), Being, be-
coming, proving.

a ufl-yc sais (v.n.), Producing bad dates
(a palni-tree) ; — sis, A date whose stone
remains soft ; grains of colocynth without
pulp.

A sisat, k-*** sisiyat, Spur of a cock ;
horn of an ox or stag ; a castle, fortification,
stronghold ; (met.) the body ; a weaver's
instrument for stretching equally the weft
and warp ; a shepherd who skilfully man-
ages his flock.

a sigh, A tract in Khurasan ; — siyagh,
pi. of q.v. ; — saiyigh, An inventor of
fiction s ; a liar.

a sighat, sigha, A form or mould for
casting metal; a form, shape, mode;
formula ; tense, voice, mood (in grammar) ;
conjugation ; verbal inflection ; marriage,
especially of the kind q.v., a temporary
marriage (m.c.) ; a woman married in that
way (m.c.) ; — fiyha'i abkdrl, Distillery de-
partment ; — sighalu 'l-mazi. The past tense;
— sighed amr, The imperative mood; —
sigha'i mal, Revenue or finance department;
— sigjha'i majhvl, Passive voice ; — sigha'i
ma'ruf, Active voice ; — sigha'i muflisi, Forma
pauperis ; — ba-sigha'i, In the form of, as
(see p. 190).

a saif (v.n.), Passing the summer ;
summer (i.e. May and June, the hotter
months being called qaiz) ; — sayif, saiyif,
Summer rains.

a (jA-* saifi, fern. *->4«- saifiyat, saifiya,
Belonging or referring to the summer; —
saifiya, A summer-house.

a ,3-v° siq. Dust, especially driven about
by the wind, or hiding objects from view ;
density of dust ; noise ; sweat ; stench from
a beast ; a sparrow ; name of an Arabian
tribe.

a Ja~» saiqal, A polisher, furbisher ; a
sword-armourer ; a furbishing instrument ;
polish, lustre ; construed with khwurdan,

45*° ( 798 )

eadan, &c. ; — saiqali misi dfirmish. The
sun.

a Ja^ saiqal-ddda, Who has polished,
&c.

a f J 2 ** saiqal-gar, A cleaner, polisher,
furbisher.

a (J 12 ** saiqali, Scoured, polished, fur-
bished.

a ctl** sai7c (v.n.), Adhering (the smell of
any perfume to the body or the garments).

a s-«l**> sailab (probably corruption of
sA>» q.T.), A cloud pouring out rain.

simgan, Name of a country in

Persia.

a. si«., The empire of China ; name of
a place near Kufa ; also near Alexandria.

a slni, Chinese ; porcelain.

A sjj*" 5 sayub, Going straight to the end
or mark, hitting.

a s-ii<^ saihab, Intense heat ; a sultry
day; a tall man; a hard stone; a sun-burnt
place.

(j* z, called zddi manqfda or mu'jama,
dotted <_/*, the eighteenth letter of the
Arabic-Persian alphabet, with the numerical
value 800 in the abjad, is pronounced in
Persian very much like z, whilst in Arabic
the pronunciation inclines toward d.

a !o;U& zabit, One who holds firm ; pro-
vident, prudent ; abstemious, continent ;
exact, accurate, punctual ; a governor, com-
mander, superior, chief ; lord, master, pos-
sessor ; — zdbitu 'l-knll, Omnipotent, the
Almighty ; — zdbiti umuri khizdna, Chief-
treasurer ; — zdbiti Msdr, Governor of the
city, commander of the garrison.

a (jSUiU zabit agi, Conformity to law,
rule, or custom, regularity.

a 4l=iU> zabita, Universal rule, general
practice ; canon, law, ordinance, regulation ;
custom, judicial usage ; procedure ; — zabi-
ta'i 'addlat, Legal procedure ; judicial usage ;
— zabita'i mdl, A body of instructions for
revenue officers.

a gA* ?dji', One who reclines much from
laziness ; indolent, lazy, who scarcely ever
quits the house ; silly, foolish ; a river-bed ;
a star setting in the west.

A <aia.l^ zdhik, Smiling, laughing ; a ridi-
culer, laugher, derider, satirist; flashing (a
cloud) ; a bright white stone conspicuous
on a mountain.

A S£c-U zdhikat, The fore-teeth (as being
conspicuous when laughing ; a laughing or
smiling woman.

a zdhiyat, zdhiya, A distant pro-

vince, a border land.

A za'd (v.n.), Setting upon, quar-
relling with ; vulva ; — zdd, The letter o* .

a jLa zarr, Noxious, detrimental, hurtful.

A v>;^* zdrib, A beater, striker, bruiser,
stamper ; a coiner ; a goer, traveller ; low
ground full of trees ; a wide part of a
valley ; a dark night ; a she-camel kicking
at the milker.

a $J*t zurij, Name of a place.

a £j^> zdri', Small, weak ; humble, sup-
pliant ; young of years.

a Syjli zdrurat, Need, necessity, straits ;
narrow, strait.

a zdri, (A dog) trained to hunting ;
(a wound) which bleeds profusely.

Aj c U>z«'s, za'az (v.n.), Acting unjustly,
defrauding; oppressing, exercising vio-
lence.

a za'at (v.n.), Moving the head and
shoulders in walking.

a Uli zdghtt, A guard, observer; ap-
pointed, set over, a collector of revenue;
an opening under the arm-pit of a camel ;
one who presses or squeezes.

a yhX* zdghin, Stubborn (horse), that re-
fuses to run without the whip.

A kjiU zaghnt, The nightmare.

a J 1 -* ? al, The wild lote-tree ; — stall,
Straying, gone astray ; a prevaricator.

a &U zdllat, Wanderiug, lost, stray
(animal).

a zdmir, Slender, lank (camel) ; (a
yard) flexible after emissiou.

a zdmiz, Silent ; one who hangs

back ; a camel not protruding the shiq-
shiqat (sec £**■«*>).

A (j>"U zdmin, A surety, sponsor, security,
bondsman, bail ; a small piece of wood con-
necting the two tubes of a huqqa ; contain-
ing, enclosing; — hdzir-zdmin, Security for
personal appearance, personal bail ; — mdl-
zdmin, Monied security, security for pay-
ment of a debt.

djlj (j)"^ zdmin-ddr , A surety ; a person
bailed, one having a bail or surety.

a (^"V^ zdmin dar zdmin, A col-

lateral security.

a j^ti zdmini, Bail, suretyship ; — zdmini
dadan, To give bail; — zanjir zdmini, "Chain-
security," a number of persons binding
themselves for one another, joint responsi-
bility ; — mdl-zd-niinl, Surety for the pay-
ment of any pecuniary obligation.

a a^j zdmin-wajli, Bondsman for the
payment of rent or a debt.

a zdminiyat, Caution, surety, bail.

a <j s L* za'n (v.n.), Separating sheep
(from goats) ; a sheep ; a wether ; — za'an
(pi. of zd'in), Wethers.

a gjU. zd'i', Wandering, lost, perished;
vain, useless, abortive; injured; loss, da-
mage ; — zd'i' shudan. To perish, to be lost j
— zd'i' kardan (garddnidan), To destroy, to
ruin, to lose.

C5<

( 799 )

zd'in, Wool-bearing cattle, sheep ;
a wether.

a s-~* zabb (v.n.), Cleaving unto the
ground ; abounding in lizards (a place) ;
flowing, distilling, dropping (as blood from
the gams, saliva from the mouth, &c.) ;
having a pain in breast, leg, or foot (camel) ;
a disease in the lip (of a camel) causing
the blood to flow ; also in the elbow ; a
swelling in the brisket or hoof ; milking a
camel with the whole hand ; being silent ;
a lizard of the Arabian or Lybian species
(eatable and considered a delicacy) ; a
flower of the palm-tree before it opens.

a vW^ zabdb, zababat, Mist, fog.

a cW-° zubdh (v.n. of £*-*) , Breathing hard
(a horse in running) ; barking of a fox ;
name of a place.

a zabbar, Name of a dog ; — zubbdr,
Name of a tree resembling the oak.

a JkL^i zabdtat, zabdta, Office of a zdbit
(see WU),

a zibd', Many stars lying below the
Great Bear ; (pi. of zab', zabii'), hyenas,

a s—s-i zabab (v.n. of 4-<i), Abounding
in Lybian lizards (a country) ; a tumour
on a camel's foot.

A zabbat, The skin of the Lybian
lizard made into butter ; the female Lybian
lizard ; a broad strengthening bar of iron
on a door.

i tt-^j. zabs (v.n.), Striking ; taking,
grasping, clutching.

a zabh (v.n.), Breathing hard (a
horse in running) ; a pace of the horse ;
changing the colour of anything without
burning it (fire or sun) ; — zibh, zabh, Ashes.

a zabr (v.n.), Leaping with joined
feet (a horse or a man in fetters) ; laying
(atones, books, or papers) in order one
upon another; a multitude rushing upon
the enemy's ranks ; a nut ; nutmeg ; the
wild pomegranate; the wild nut-tree; a
hide stuffed with straw and wood under
cover whereof armed men approach a for-
tress ; — ?ibr, The arm-pit ; — zibirr, A pranc-
ing horse ; a lion.

a (w r**- i zabs (v.n.), Pressing hard upon,
harassing, or dunning (a debtor) ; — zabas
(v.n.), Being ill-disposed, bad-tempered ;
being stupid ; — zabis, Ill-natured ; of a bad
disposition.

a zabt (v.n.), Keeping in subjection
or obedience ; holding fast, preserving,
guarding; managing, keeping; spelling,
writing, supplying with vowel-points and
diacritical signs ; government direction,
administration, control ; confiscation, se-
questration ; [zabt budan, To be preserved
(m.c.) ; — zabt Icardan, To take possession,
rule over, guard, keep under control ; to
seize, sequestrate, confiscate; — zabti mdli
diwdn, Administration of public revenue ;
— zabt nct/mudan, To write, spell, give the

orthography; — zabt u rabt, Adjustment,
settlement; — ahlu 'z-zabt, Agents,;] — zabat,
Ambidexterousness.

a t j_s£~j zabt-begi, Overseer of con-
fiscations.

a zabti, A confiscator ; control, re-

straint ; seizure, confiscation ; seized, con-
fiscated ; belonging or referring to admi-
nistration, police, &c.

A zab' (v.n.), Stretching out the
arms in prayer ; also when striking with
a sword ; throwing out rapidly the fore-
feet, going quick (a horse, &c.) ; going fast
and shaking his sides (camel) ; tyrannizing
over, oppressing; inclining to peace; di-
viding, sharing, parcelling out ; an arm,
especially the fleshy part ; the arm-pit ; a
hillock ; a swift pace ; — zab', zib', zub', A
tract of country, a coast ; — zabu', A barren
year ; a hyena ; name of a place

A y

zib'an, (Male) hyena; — za.ba'dn
(v.n. of £*-*), Throwing out the fore-feet
when running rapidly (a horse or camel).
A &\*~i> zib'dnat, zib'dna,A female hyena.
a J^*^ zaba'td, A fool ; a word used to
frighten children.

A (vj-^ zabn, Preventing, withholding,
detaining, keeping back; — zabn, zibn, Clear
running water free from sediment ; — zibn,
The part of the body between the arm-pits
and short ribs ; an excavation which one
despairs of making ; — zaban, Detriment,
loss,

A zabur, A lion.

a Zfr* zubu' (v.n. of Throwing out
the fore-feet in running (a horse or camel).

a zabib (v.n. of w^), Flowing,

trickling (water); running (blood from the
gums).

a zajj (v.n.), Crying out (as anyone
helpless or overcome.

A zajdj (v.n. of £a), Forcing one

unjustly to work ; mischief accompanied
with tumult and noise ; violence ; ivory ;
a sort of pearl or bead ; — zijdj (v.n. of £j>)
Exciting a disturbance ; misdeed ; any sort
of tree whose fruit is poisonous ; (in P.
zajdj) any tree which yields a scent.

a zajjat, Noise, clamour of a mob.

Afr* zajr, zajir, Narrow (place); — zajar
(v.n.), Being oppressed in mind ; sorrow,
anguish, grief ; braying much while being
milked (she-camel) ; — zajir, Afflicted, melan-
choly, restless, out of sorts or spirits.

a "ij^ zujrat, Sorrow, anguish, grief,
vexation, weariness of spirit; name of a
bird.

a zaj' (v.n.), Eeelining, especially on
the side (on a bed or the ground) ; inclining
to set (a star) ; anything used in washing
clothes (as potash, &c) ; name of a plant;
— zij', zaj', Name of a place ; — zij', Incli-
nation, leaning, bias.

a i**H> zaj'at, One sleep or recumbency

on the aide ; weakness of mind ; — ?ij'at, A
mode of lying down on one side ; a rug or
anything similar to lie down upon;—zuj'at,
Weakness o£ mind ; one who reclines or
sleeps much, sluggish ; sedentary.

a zajam (v.n.), Being distorted in
any member, as in the mouth, jaw, chin,
or neck ; walking obliquely or slantingly.

a j^^s** 6 zajan, Name of a. mountain.

a e)^-6 zajvj, Braying whilst milking or
carrying a load (a she-camel).

a jj+t zajur, Melancholy, glum, peevish,
fretful.

a £j*~b ?aju', Weak in mind ; capacious
bucket; a heavy bottle which forces the
carrier to lean on one side ; a woman dis-
obedient to her husband ; a cloud moving
slowly from heaviness ; — ztiju' (v.n. of g^),
Reclining on the side.

a zajlj, = and s ^s> qq.v.

a £»^>£ zaji\ A bed-fellow.

a f-s sihh, The sun ; the light of the
sun ; a large plain without vegetation and
burnt by the sun.

a ol^4. zahd' (v.n. of Groing forth

into the sun, apricating ; dinner or lunch. ;
— fi&z* (v.n. 3 of j*^), Coming to one in the
forenoon, paying a forenoon visit ; — zuM',
Part of the day between sunrise and mid-
day ; luncheon-time ; (pi. of zahwat) fore-
noons ; — 'idu 'z-zuhd', Name of a festival
celebrated on the tenth of zu 'l-hijja, when
an animal is sacrificed in commemoration
of Abraham's sacrifice of his son (Ishmael
according to the Muhammadans).

a <2)lto* zakhak, A great laugher ; a ridi-
culer, mocker ; (for P. isJT 6J q.v.) name of
a king of the Peshadian dynasty, proverbial
for his cruelty-

a zahdyd (pi. of zahlytd), Sacrifices,
victims.

A t^**r* zahzah, pis^> zahzah, Little, shal-
low (water) ; much ; hot, burning ; good.

a zahk. Fresh butter ; white honey ;

anow ; blossom ; white fore-teeth ; middle
of the road ; — sahk, zihh, zikik, zaMk (v.n.),
Laughing; grinning; chattering (like an
ape) ; being pleased, satisfied, contented ; —
zuhk, Extremely prone to laughter ; — zu-hak
(v.n.), Being menstruous ; wondering, being
astonished ; being frightened ; flashing (a
cloud) ; grinning, chattering (an ape).

a ii«^> zahkai, One l&vgh ; — zuhlcat, A
laughing-stock, an object for ridicule or
laughter ; — zukakat, A satirist, mocker,

a J*^a> zahl (v.n.), Being little aud shal-
low (water) ; containing but little water (a
pond or tank) ; a stone in the water, the
upper part appearing above.

a (fa** zahan, Name of a city.

a ja** zahw (v.n.), Being open, clear,
conspicuous (a road) -, performing the fore-
noon prayer ; part of the day between sun-
rise and mid-day ; luncheon.

( 800 )

a zahwai, Forenoon ; luncheon-time.

a zahuk. Extremely prone to

laugh ; a wide, open road.

a y** ? a hy (v.n.), Sweating; — zuha,
Forenoon ; luncheon-time ; the forenoon
prayer.

a oWfls- 6 zahycC, A woman free from hair
on her body ; a white mare ; name of a
horse.

a A**^ zaftiyat, zahlya, A sheep to be
offered in sacrifice ; a sacrifice, victim.

a £-!> zakjikh, Tears ; the gushiug of water
from a fountain ; the squirting of urine.

A £lsfc* zakham, Big, bulky.

A zakhdmat (v.n. of (***), Being

great, thick, and bulky; bulk, thickness;
corpulence.

a ^Ms-i zakhm (v.n.), Being great, thick,
and bulky ; bulk, thickness, corpulence.

A ^as-s zakhlm, Big, stout, bulky.

A zadd (v.n.), Filling (a bottle) ; get-
ting the better, gaining a case (at law);
prohibiting, averting ; — zidd, The contrary,
opposite ; au enemy, a rival ; enemies,
rivals ; resembling, alike,

a->W ziddd (v.n. 3 of ^), Opposing;
opposition, contrast.

a. <j.ti $iddi, Contrary, contradictory ;
wilful, perverse.

a ziddain (obi. du.), Two things

opposed to each other, opposites.

a J*** zadid, Contrary, opposite ; like,
resembling.

A.yi zwrr (v.n.), Injuring, hurting, harm-
ing ; loss, damage ; — zirr, zurr, Matrimony,
especially marrying a second wife in addi-
tion to a former one ; — zurr, Injury, loss ;
a bad condition or habit of body, leanness,
emaciation.

A zara (v.n. of o/*)> Being trained
to hunt (a dog) ; — zird' (pi. of zirw),
Hunting-dogs ; — zarrd', Adversity, misfor-
tune, affliction (opp. to q.v.) ; loss,
waste, mortality amongst men or cattle.

A •-rAyi zirdb (v.n. of vr 4 ). Covering (as
a stallion); drawing the sword; — zandh,
A coiner of money.

a u\b?\j* zarrdb-ihdna, A mint for coin-
ing.

a^/ zarrdbl, A hammer.

A c\r* ?ardhi (imper.), Remove to a dis-
tance; — zirdh (v.n. of t^), Kicking (as a
horse); a kick; — zurah, The heavenly house,
situated in the fourth heaven (= baity, 'l-
ina'tnur, q.v. under p. 215).

a fa zirdr (v.n. 3 of j-*), Hurting each
other ; name of several of Muhammad's
companions ; — maaj'idi zirdr, A mosque
erected by the hypocrites and destroyed by
divine command.

a zardrat, Loss, decrease, diminution
(of men or cattle) ; blindness.

a Mj* zurut (v.n. of t^), Breaking wind
aloud ; a fart ; — zarrdt, One who breaks

SyA ( 801 )

wind frequently ; one who makes a con-
temptuous noise with the mouth.

A Wj-i zara'at (v.n. of g^s), Humbling
oneself, supplicating.

a isttj-t zurdk, Thick, robust ; a lion.

A (>\yi zirdm. Chips, brushwood, or other
fuel with which a fire is lighted (= ^jj/
q.v.).

a zarawat (v.n. of ^yO, Being

trained, accustomed to.

A /V ?ara'ir (ph of zarrat), "Wealth on
which one relies belonging to another, a
portion of wealth ; camels, sheep.

V/* zarb, A porcupine.

a s-y 4 zarb (v.n.), Striking, drubbing,
beating ; stamping, sealing, coining ; tra-
velling ; mixing one thing with another ;
making clear, pointing out ; making a say-
ing proverbial ; a blow, stroke ; injury, loss,
damage ; vehemence, emphasis, force, vio-
lence ; velocity, despatch ; multiplication ;
the last foot of the second hemistich of a
verse (that of the first being called l aruz) ;
form, species, mode ; similitude ; like,
equal ; slight rain ; white honey ; [zarbi
usul, Beating time; — zarbu'l-fath, A beat
of the drum indicating victory; — zarb
thwurdan, To get a strain (m.c.) ; — zarbi
khiydm Jeardan, To pitch tents, to encamp ;
— zarbi dast, By force of arms, by strength
of hand ; — zarbi (zarbu '?-) ma-sal, A proverb,
parable, idiom; — sih-rd dar sih zarb har-
dan, To multiply 3 by 3 ;] — zarab (v.n.),
Being struck with cold ; thick white honey ;
— zarib, A striker, beater.

a uw^-a zarbat, zarab at (pi. of zarbat),
Blows.

a £>y> zarbat, zarba, One blow.
a H-^ zarb-khana, The mint.
a yfji' zarbuzan, A piece of artillery.
a ,j>j* zarbi, By force, violence, compul-
sion.

a zarrat, The fleshy part of the foot
near the toes (on which one treads), or of
the hand, especially under the thumbs ;
much wealth ; a portion of wealth consist-
ing in cattle ; the teat, the whole of the
udder ; the root of the breast ; a woman
who has a husband in common with another
woman, a rival-wife ; one of the two mill-
stones ; — zurrat, Necessity, force, compul-
sion, violence.

a gj* zarj (v.n.), Splitting ; soiling, stain-
ing (as with blood) ; throwing away.

A cr* ? ar b (v.n.), Pushing, thrusting
away ; refuting (evidence) ; digging a grave ;
— zarah, Bad (man or intention) ; far, dis-
tant.

A;^> zarar, Injury, damage, detriment,
loss ; distress, difficulty, straits ; narrow-
ness ; narrow, strait ; the brink of a cavern ;
construed with the verbs vftddan, bar-khiis-
tan, ddshtan, &c. ; — zarar khmurdan. To
come to grief ; to suffer wrong ; — zarar na-

darad, There is no harm in it j — zu zarar,
Narrow; — Id-zarar, No harm (is done).

a J * lJ JT* zarar-did, Who has seen, i.e.
experienced, loss, injury, &c.

A zars (v.n.), Biting with the teeth
(to try the hardness of anything) j biting
hard ; being severe, cruel, hard upon (for-
tune) ; beeping silence during a day and
night ; — sirs, A tooth, a grinder ; long con-
tinuance in prayer; wormwood, hyssop ; a
pasturing ground for camels ; a kerb-stone
placed round the edge of a well ; a hard
pistachio-nut ; slight rain ; [zirsu 'l-hulm,
Wisdom teeth ;] — zaras (v.n.), Being blunt
or set on edge (the teeth) ; — zaris, Bad
tempered, irritable ; — zaris sharis, Of a
touchy disposition.

a tj-t ? art, zarit (v.n.), Breaking wind ;
— zarat, Thinness of the beard or eye-
brows.

a fy* zar' (v.n.), Breaking in, taming (a
horse) ; the udder or dug of cattle (that of
a camel, however, more properly being
called q.v , p. 471) ; — zir', Similitude ;
alike, equal ; strength of a rope ; — zara',
Infirm, weak, thin ; unable to run (a colt) ;
humble, lowly ; — zari', Weak ; humble,
suppliant.

A |»^y> zirgjulm, f£yi> zargham, A lion.

a j> ptey* zirghdm-bar, Lion-breasted (a
horse).

a zarm (?), zaram, Being hot (day) ;
burning with hunger or thirst; being in-
flamed with anger; blazing (a fire); a
palm-branch; — zurm, zirm (in P. zarm),
Name of a fragrant shrub, sticados,
French lavender; — zaram (pi. of zaramat),
Things half burnt, &e. ; — zarim, Hungry ;
fleet (horse) ; an eaglet.

a zaramat, zarama, Anything half
burnt ; a firebrand ; a live coal.

A Cjr 5 ?aruh, Kicking Chorse) ; far-shoot-
ing (a how).

A JJr 6 Necessary, expedient, un-

avoidable, indispensable ; construed with
amadan,budan, &c. ; — dn-rd zariir na-ddrlm,
We do not want that, we have no need of
it (m.c.) ;—ja'i zariir (ja-zarur), A privy.

A l i} yt zarurat, Violence, compulsion
constraint ; want, need ; — zarurati bashdriya,
The necessities of men, human wants ; —
ax sari zarurat, bi' z-zariirat, By compulsion,
of necessity.

a uz>fij& zarurat, for "5;^ zarurat-an, Of
necessity, necessarily, perforce.

a ^jat 4 zarurat-mand, Necessitous,
needy.

a (^jit- zarUri, Necessary.

a 4^5^ zaruriya, Anything necessary.

a o-jt 4 zarfis, A vicious camel that bites
her milker; — znrils (pi. of zirs), Grinders;
stones with which a well is walled in.

i zaru', Humble, suppliant; — zuru'
(v.n. of £y>), Approaching his prey (a

(

(sun)

wild beast) ; being near setting
Betting of the sun, sunset.

a s-ij* zarlb, The third gaming arrow ;
a part, lot, portion ; a striker, beater ;
beaten, struck ; like ; kind, species.

a &rfjJ> zaribat, Nature, disposition ; a
sword; edge or sharpness of a sword;
struck with a sword ; whatever is received
in tribute ; cotton or wool rolled into a
clew or hank.

a gjy> zarlj, Rapid, swift (course) ; hard.

a zarih, Par distant ; a sepulchre,
tomb, grave dug in the middle of a bury-
ing-place (if dug in the side it is called
q.v.).

A jty& zarir, Blind, made blind (not born
so) ; sick ; emaciated ; afflicted with loss,
pain, or hardship; side of a river or valley ;
bouI, mind ; remains of the body ; patience,
constancy ; jealousy ; a quiet quadruped ;
a patient man ; a husband of two or more
wives ; surname of a learned scholar.

a zaris, (A well) lined all the way

up with stones ; the vertebras or joints of
the back; very hungry.

a JJr 4 zarV, Large-breasted (woman) ;
large-uddered (sheep) ; periosteum ; a cer-
tain plant in its dry state, called ghibriq
when green ; also name of a plant growing
in stagnant water, and of one growing on
the sea-shore ; something in hell more
bitter than aloe, more fetid than carrion,
and hotter than fire, which will be the food
of the damned.

a <Aij* zarih, Poor, unfortunate, tried,
afflicted ; blind, paralytic ; afflicted with a
chronic disease ; fooliBh ; an eagle ; a male
vulture.

a za'at (v.n. of £*)), Humbling one-
self ; situation, position, posture; — za'at,
zi'at (v.n.), Losing in trade.

A J** za'd (v.n.), Strangling, throttling,
choking (see -^Jk-t).

a gW* za'ztl', za'za', Weak in body
or mind ; silly, simple, trifling.

a !o«-& za't (v.n.), Slaying, slaughtering.

a <-A*-b za'f, Weakness of intellect ; — m'f,
zu'f, Being weak ; weakness, debility ;
fainting ; a fainting-fit, swoon ; augment-
ing, being twice as much ; [_zu'fu 'I 'aql,
Weakness of intellect, unsoundness of
mind; — zu'fi mi'da, Weakness of stomach;]
—zi'f, Equal, alike ; so much again, double ;
— za'af. Doubled or lined garments.

A zu'afd' (pi. of za'if), Weak per-
sons.

a i-isaJ. za'if, Weak, feeble, infirm, im-
potent, attenuated, emaciated, enfeebled,
powerless, frail, fearful, timid ; blind ;
drunk ; — za'ifu 'l-i'tiqdd, Of weak faith,
incredulous ; — za'lfu 'l-bunyan (baniya),
Frail of structure or body; — za'ifu 'l-jussa,
Emaciated ; insignificant in size or body ; —
fa'tfu 'l-'aql, Weak-minded.

802 )

a «_As*i za'if-bind, Weak-sighted.
a liu*j> za'ifat, za'if a, A weak female.
a s-*Sy za'if-tarMb, Of weak con-

struction.

a JW Uu** za'tf -hot, In wretched circum-
stances, in distress.

a ^Jutu, za'if-nali, A low wail.

a ^ji-Ki za'IJi, Weakness, imbecility.

a it=Ui zaghdtat, Weakness of intellect,
want of judgment.

a u*)*iu zn yh bus. A small cucumber j a
weak man.

a <aju zagks (v.n.), Pronouncing words
confusedly and inarticulately ; feeling if a
camel's bunch is fat ; — ?igA$, A handful
of herbs partly green and partly dry ; —
zighsu 'l-hadis, A confused, intricate story
(comp. >ijUi\, p. 70).

A jju. zag&d (v.n.), Strangling, throttling.

a La* zagkt (v.n.), Pressing, squeezing,
forcing, driving up against (a wall).

a zaahtat. One squeezing ; [zagitatu
'l-qahr, Narrowness of the tomb ;] — zugM}ai,
Difficulty, straits, narrowness ; pressure.

A fjLt zaghm (v.n.), Biting, seizing with
the teeth.

A W** 2agM4,, A well adjoining to another
filled up, and overflowed by its stagnated
water ; weak in mind ; flighty, inconside-
rate.

a it^u zaykinat, Hatred, enmity.

a <-jU zaff (y.u.), Collecting; milking (a
camel) with the whole hand.

A jVii zafar, A rope or anything twisted
wherewith camels or pack-saddles are bound

a zaffat, One violent rush of a crowd
towards water ; the first gush of water, a
freshet; a river's bank ; the sea-shore.

a zafd (v.n.), Striking with the palm
of the hand, giving a slap or box.

a zafda', zifdi', zvfda', zifda', A frog

a fJ> zafr (v.n.), Plaiting, braiding (the
hair of the head) ; twisting a rope; jump-
ing, running; throwing provender into a
horse's mouth ; a rope for binding camels
or pack-saddles ; a large pile or hill of
sand ; any structure of stone without clay
or mortar ; — zufur (pi. of zafar), Eopes
with which camels are bound.

A <-&&» zafaf, A multitude of people eating
together, where there are more mouths
than meat; a number of domestics, a nume-
rous household; insufficiency, want ; need,
necessity, distress ; being nearly full (a
measure) ; haste ; a crowd rushing to the
water together.

a 3yu zafwat, Affluence, plenty ; com-
pleteness.

a oyk-i zafiif (A camel) full of milk.

a zajir, A braided or plaited lock of
hair ; the sea- shore ; name of a mountain
in Syria.

a ijtM zaflrat, A braided lock; hair
twisted or plaited.

fc^U ( 80

A «U zokk (v.n.), Squeezing, pressing;
straitening.

A J-* ?aZ?, (v.n,), Erring, straying,
losing one's way, being lost ; error -zull,
Loss, destruction; — zuttu bnu zull-in (zillu
hnv, $ill-in), " Error, the son of error," one
who persists in error, a worthless fellow
who is not known by his own or his father's
merit,

A IcXi zala'al (v.n. of Bein^r strong,
iron. sided ; strength, vigour.

A JSU zalal (v.n. of J,*), Erring ; being
lost; being overcome by anything; vice,
error; perdition; ruin; [zaldli mahz, Sheer
heresy, an error in faith;] — zallal, Going
greatly astray, erring extremely,

A 3ili zaldlab, Aberration, deviation,
error.

a i\Su^Xb zaldlat-gdh, A place of error
or going astray.

A zed' (v.n.), Inclining, stooping ; de-
viating from the right way; oppressing;
striking on the ribs or on the side ; incli-
nation, sympathy; — eiV, A rib; the side;
(in math.) a square number; — zala' (v.n.),
Being curved (as a sword ) ; crookedness ;
being strong, robust ; strength, robustness ;
a load of debt ; — zila', A rib ; a side, part,
district ; a piece of wood curved like a rib ;
a column (in the page of a book) ; a small
mountain standing alone ; name of a moun-
tain near Ta'if ; the art of speaking with a
double meaning, a kind of punning.

a gte zila'-landi, The division of a
province into districts.

a gL± zila'-dar, One who presides over
the collections of a district (in India),

a tSj^ J zila'-ddri, The office of a zila'-
ddr.

a J1a zalal, An error; running water
(especially among trees or under rocks, to
which the sun does not penetrate).

a jy^i zalul, Straying, stray ; a wanderer.

a. gJLi zali\ Strong-sided ; strong of arm;
firm, muscular, compact-bodied (horse) ;
wide-moutbed, with closely -set teeth.

a mill, One who errs greatly, or who
wanders much astray ; surname of the poet
Imru '1-Qais ; — zillll, Greatly erring, very
erroenous.

a zamvet (v.n.), Drawing to oneself,
gathering, collecting; incorporating, in-
serting ; marking a consonant with the
vowel -t ■ the vowel itself ; — zimm, Great
calamity.

a ^U-& zimdd, A poultice ; an embrocation ;
a narrow bandage or fillet for binding the
head or a wound, a dressing.

a *jU*> zimadat, A bandage for the head
or a wound.

a jU-& zimdr, Anything uncertain (as
debt, for the payment of which there is no
fixed term, a mercantile adventure, the re-
turns for which are doubtful ; a suspended

1 ) J***

punishment, or any other probable but un-
determined event) ; property the return of
which is not looked for ; name of an idol.

A |»U* zimam, zmndm, That by which one
thing is collected or drawn to another.

A yU-fc zamdn (v.n. of {-y*^), Answering,
being surety for another; suretyship, gua-
ranteeship, security, bail ; — zimdn, Recom-
pense; — zimani tamalluk, Recompense for
the assumption of property ; — zimani faedd,
Indemnification for damage, damages.

a zamdnat, Security ; — zamdnat-an,
By way of security.

a &~\s zamdnat-ndma, Bail-bond,

deed of suretyship.

a (jiiUi zamdnatt, One who gives bail or
security.

« zaman-d&r, A bail, security,

sponsor.

a. jSW* zamd'ir (pi, of zamir), Minds, &c.
a ^U-a zctma'im (pi. of zaimmai), AddU
tions, &c.

A %+J> zamj, A malodorous biting animal-
cule ; — zamaj, Having his passion excited
(a catamite) ; name of a disease ; misfor-
tune, calamity.

a zamkh (v.n.), Anointing (the body)
profusely.

a >u-* zamd (v.n.), Striking on the bead
with a stick ; binding up (a wound) ; lay-
ing on a plaster or ointment ; having two
lovers (a woman) ; contending with an-
other ; moist ; dry ; fat ; lean ; the best, or
the worst, of a flock ; — zimd, A friend ; —
zwmad (v.n.), Being dry, withered ; hating j
remainder of a debt or fine.

a zamr, Slender in the body, thin in
the belly; (a horse) with thin eyebrows; —
z-umr, fumw, Leanness; collapse of belly.

a oV~* zatnran, A species of plant ; name
of a valley in Najd \—zuvvrdn, Name of a
certain bitch.

a y^t zamz (v.n.), Holding one's peace,
being silent; sticking, cleaving, adhering to.

a u~*-* zoms (v.n.), Chewing gently ;
hard, difficult.

a zamz dm, One who comprehends,
contains, grasps, or holds everything ; any-
thing that contains, surrounds, or comprises
another.

a t£+* zamn (v.n.), Answering or being
surety for; suretyship ; — zirnn, Cover, fold,
or envelope of a letter ; contents ; enclosure ;
endorsement ; clause ; section ; idea, con-
ception, subject; aid, assistance; [dar in
zimn, In the meanwhile (m.c.) ;] — zaman
(v.n.), Being impaired in constitution from
disease; indisposition, ailment; — zanvin,
Impaired in constitution, an invalid; smit-
ten with love.

a "U*-* zimnan, Comprehensively, inti-
mately.

a zamn-ddr, zimn-dar, A sponsor;

an ally.

( 804 )

a (j**- 4 zimni, Implicative ; collateral,
corroborative (as evidence).

a gamma, The sign — .

a zamir, Mind, heart ; thought, re-
flection, sense, conscience, conception, com-
prehension, idea; the recesses of the mind;
secret thoughts; secret; a pronoun ; name
of a town near 'TTinau ; — zumair, Name of
a mountain in Syria ; name of a place near
Damascus.

a t\S\ js*t zamir-dgdh, (jjlJj<*4 zamir-ddn,
Who is aware of a secret ; who knows
another's innermost thought.

a oV**-* zamlrdn, Sweet basil.

a iSj**** zamiri, Concealed ; of or relating
to the mind or thought ; pronominal.

a ft-a*^ zamTm, Joined.

a &. * . ' + * zamfmat, zamlma, Addition, in-
crement ; incorporation ; an appendix, a
supplement; — zamima'i raqima., A post-
script (m.c, see mazmiini kdghiz under

a i$#*>* zamin, A sponsor, surety ; under-
taker.

a zinn (v.n.), Being avaricious, parsi-
monious, tenacious.

a cjJUa zandk, zinak, Firm in flesh ; with
swelling hips (woman); — zinak, A large
tree ; of strong make ; — zunak, Rheum,
defluxion, cold.

a zinnat, Parsimony ; name of five
tribes.

A «sU* zank (v.n.), Being narrow ; strait-
ness of circumstances, wretchedness.

a ti»&~i zankat, Narrowness,

A y> zanw, zinw, Offspring ; — zunu 1 (v.n.
of Being fruitful, having many chil-
dren (a woman) ; being abundant (wealth).

a zana (v.n. of ty "'), Increasing;
being sick of a latent and tedious disease ;
leanness, emaciation ; a disease ; — zana,
zarvi, Sick.

a "y zau', ?u' (v.n.), Shining, sparkling ;
light, splendour.

a Ay ziwd', Light, splendour, brilliancy,
resplendence.

a ^Ay zawdbit (pi. of zdbitat), Regula-
tions, rules, precepts.

a gt-^y zawdji', A crowd, company ; name
of a place; (pi. of zdji'), Setting stars;
windings of a river ; low hills.

a «sM^A zawdhik (pi. of zdhikat), The
laughing teeth, those seen when laughing.

a ^"y zu'dd (v.n. of -iSi), Having a
rheum.

a £\y* zitwd', The hoot of an owl.

a sy zauj (v.n.), Inclining, leaning ; turn-
ing aside, swerving ; being wide, spacious ;
the bend of a river.

a *) y zu'd, So c yi zu'dat, zu'udat, Rheum,
defluxion.

A. <y zaur, Extreme hunger; hurt, in-
juiy ; — zur, A black cloud.

Ajy zaxix (v.n.), Diminishing ; chewing

(dates or a dentifrice) ; defrauding one of
his right, oppressing.

A (JV 4 ?aus, The eating of meat.

a £y zau' (v.n.), Moving, shaking, agi-
tating ; striking with terror, frightening ;
driving; emaciating a horse, &c. (travel);
feeding her joung (a bird) ; diffusing an
odour (musk, &c, when shaken) ; also
diffusing a bad smell; — zuwa', ziwa', An
owl ; a species of crow which caws all
night long.

yy zaumar, Cocks-comb (a herb) .

a <^yy zaumurdn, Sweet basil.

a zahd (v.n.), Subduing, a forcing.

A yy zahr, A mountain-top ; a tortoise.

A u^if* zahs (v.n.), Biting with the front
teeth.

a zahl (v.n.), Returning to its origin;
returning to an attack, &c. ; a small quan-
tity of water.

a iyy zahwat, A pond, reservoir.

a zahul, (A camel) having little

milk ; (a well) having little water ; — zuhul
(v.n. of J* 4 ), Having little milk (a camel
or goat) ; being thin and scanty (an)
drink) ; returning ; defrauding another of
his right.

a *Wif-4 zakya', ^sv* zahya , W(r* zdhyd,
Hf^-sift zahya'at, A woman lacking breasts
and not conceiving ; a woman whose menses
are obstructed.

a »Ui ziyd', Light, splendour, brilliancy
(construed with dddan, giriftan, &c).

a 1~a ziyd-pdsh, Light-diffusing.

a jjJu U»i ziyd-pazir ■, Admitting light, en-
lightened, illuminated.

a zaydh, Thin, watery milk ; — zaiydh,
Name of a certain man.

a £Sy zayd' (v.n. of £**), Perishing ;
domestics ; wife and children ; any poor
dependants ; a kind of medicinal herb ;
also of perfume; — ziyd' (pi. of zd'i'),
Wanderers; perishing, lost ; (pi. of mi' at)
fields, estates, villas, farms.

a ziydfat (v.n. of Being a

guest ; a feast, banquet, convivial enter-
tainment ; hospitality ; invitation ; — ziyd-
fati dbi hamdm, A lukewarm hospitality ; —
ziydfat kardan, To give an entertainment ;
to exercise hospitality ; — ddm'z-ziydfat, A
banqueting-hall.

a «Vs- ui^i^i ziydfat-khdna, Banqueting-
house.

a y—S\*i ziya-gustar, Light-diffusing.

A j~4 zaij, (jW^ zayajdn, (v.n, of
Inclining, leaning; turning away from.

a zaih (v.n.) , Mixing milk with water ;
honey ; ripe dates ; thin milk mixed with
water; — zlh, The sun; a plain or anything
exposed to the sun (syn, of £<* q.v.).

Ajs-* zair (v.n.), Hurting, injuring; in-
jury, hurt, damage ; want, need, necessity.

Ajytzaiz (v.n.), Injuring, hurting ; acting
unjustly, oppressing.

J*-* (

a. t))** zaizan, A rival to Lis father in a.
woman's love; offspring, children, domestics,
family ; a trusty guardian or keeper ; one
who contends with another who shall first
draw water for their cattle ; associates,
partners ; an idol.

A Jj)~£ zizd, Deficient, short ; not properly
divided (portion).

A o^a* zi'zi', zi'zi, Origin, root ; a nume-
rous and prosperous offspring ; a mine.

a £fA zai',zl' (v.n.), Perishing, being lost ;
heing obsolete; — ziya' (pi. of zai'at), Farms,
estates, villas.

a <£*~* zai'at (v.n. of &*), Perishing,
heing lost ; becoming obsolete ; want ; an
estate, productive farm, villa, village ; trade,
craft, profession.

A ,»*tyi zaigham, A biter ; a lion.

a <— i~£> zaif (v.n.), Becoming a guest;
being menstruons ; seizing, taking hold of
one (melancholy) ; flying wide of the mark
(arrow) ; being near setting (sun) ; a
guest, stranger, foreigner; — ft/, The side;
an arm.

A yUjU. zifan (pi. of zaif), Guests.

a i^fi zaiq, ziq (v.n.), Being narrow,
strait, or tight; being close, covetous ; be-
ing unable to hold ; tightness ; anguish,
vexation, grief, melancholy ; straits, diffi-
culties ; dilemma ; [zlqu 's-sadr {'n-nafas),
Difficulty of breathing, asthma ;] — zaiyiq,
Strait, narrow; close, miserly.

a zaiqat, Narrow circumstances,

poverty, straits ; one of the mansions of
the moon ; a tract between Ta'if and
Hunain,

a u-iJ ziq-nafas, Asthmatic.

a zaim, Diminishing, defrauding ; —
zlm. The flank of a mountain ; name of a
place.

a zaimuran, A species of odorife-

rous herb.

a zln, Name of a mountain near
San'a in Yaman.
a y_j--t zaiwan, A ram-cat.

805

k t, called td'i hvttl (see *^), ta'i gkair
manquta {muhmala) " undotted td," is the
nineteenth letter of the Arabic-Persian al-
phabet, expressing 9 in arithmetic, Capricorn
in the zodiac, and the moon's descendant ;
the Persians give to it the same power as
that of our t, for which it is generally used
in spelling European words in Persian
characters; it is interchangeable with
U*, ^, and i*l ,

) S

a »U, ta', Name of the letter k ; a man
who frequents the society of women, or is
given to frequent sexual intercourse.

a tab (v.n. of s-^), Being sweet,
fragrant, agreeable, good, lawful ; odour,
perfume, seent ; an excellent flavour ; ex-
cellence ; — tdba (3rd sing. pret. of ^-^),
It was fragrant (in prayer used with an
optative meaning) ; — tdba sard-hu (sirru-
hu), May his grave be fragrant ! i.e. may
he rest in peace !

a tabat, Wine ; dates ; the town of
Madinah.

a tdbikh, A cook ; an angel who tor-
ments the damned ; a burning fever.

A tuba', tdbi', A seal-ring, or any
other instrument by which an impression
is made, or with which tithe-cattle are
branded ; stamp, mark, impression ; — tdbi',
A printer ; a stamper, a sealer.

a <3?U= tdbaq, tdbiq (from P. 4?^ tuba), A
frying-pan; a large brick ; a joint; a limb;
half of a sheep ; — tdbiq, Corresponding to ;
agreeing with.

a tdbin, Very skilful or cunning.

t ^ji\i> tabid (for A. <^)>^> tabid), A bier.

A t>ylA> tabiiTi, A pit or other place where
fire is covered up to preserve it for further
use.

a &»IL tdba, A frying-pan, a skillet.
t A-s-uds tdpancha, A slap, &c. (=
q.v.). '

a fa' at (v.n. of »J=j), Being even,
level, soft (ground or bed) ; treading,
trampling ; — td'at, Clay, mud.

tat, Persians ; so called by a tribe
who dwell between Hamadau and Kurdi-
stan.

a y.<=.U= tdjan, tdjin, A frying-pan.

a tdhunat, A water-mill.

"^-^ pl.yiak, A sort of tree in Tabari-
stan ; according to others, the fruit of a
tree in Gurgiin, whoso leaves are said to
be fatal to animals.

«Ljlt. tdratqa, A cherry.

a <-i)\i= tdraf, Newly -acquired wealth; —
tdrif, One between whom and his first an-
cestors many generations intervene.

a ,jS;U= tdriq, One who comes at night-
time, a nocturnal traveller ; the morning
star ; (in P. perhaps taking tdriq in the
sense of " knocker," and applying it on the
principle of " pars pro toto ") a door.

a iijUa tdriqat, A family, kindred, tribe ;
a small throne, sofa, or couch.

a pjile tdram (for P. pj^' q.v.), t&ra-
mat, A wooden building of a circular form
with an arched roof ; a dome ; a roof ; a
palisade to exclude people from a garden ;
— tarami akhzar (firoza, n'd-guri), The sky ;
tdrami chdrum, The fourth heaven, the
solar sphere or orbit ; the firmament.

a ,_5;U= tdri, Who or what comes sud-
denly and unexpectedly ; intervening.

( 806 )

grey-

A &,U. tari'at (fern of the preceding),
Calamity, heavy misfortune.

a 4ftuU» fawga, A purgative seed.

a ejU> i<i*a/ (from P. tdza), Fresh ; sound,
pure, good (condition).

« ts3^ An Arab ; Arabia ;
hound (see ^s, p. 275).

a (j-U. jfaa, A cup, goblet ; a dish ; the
vessel in which water is cooled ; brocade ; —
ta»i db-giin {nigun), Heaven ; — tdsi afldk,
The vault of heaven j — tdsi chil kalid, A
kind of wishing or divining cup ; — tdsi zar,
The sun (the golden dish) ; — tdsi ed'at, An
hour-glass ; — tdsi gadd'i, A beggar's bowl
(=J^q.v.).

a ww\-U» tdesat (pi. of the preceding),
Cups.

a y*^ tat-bat, A juggler, conjurer.
a £^»U> tdscha, utUlt tdsak, A little cup.
a fasa, A kind of drum,
a jty &J&> tdsa-naw&z, A player on the tdsa,
a jtasa-riawdKi, Performance on

the tdsa.

a t=U» jfa(, Long, tall ; strong ; bold, cou-
rageous ; quarrelsome ; a libidinous and
noisy stallion.

a pU»"U» ta'td', A camel with a short,
thick neck ; low ground, a hollow where
one can lie hidden.

a ta'fa'at (v.n. of *\t*\t) J Lower-

ing (the head) ; being lavish in spending
money.

a d>U\fc td'dt (pi. of the following), Acts
of devotion.

a £cU» td'at (v.n. of fyl), Obeying, sub-
mitting to ; obedience, obsequiousness, sub-
mission ; the service or worship of God,
devotion, act of devotion ; a female proper
name ; construed with the verbs burdan,
bastan, kardan, &c.

a 4-*<i ut-tUe ta'at-pesha. Obedient, obse-
quious.

a «l&scU> fd'at-g&h, A mosque, temple,
church.

a _>} u>J5\S= ta l at-war, Obedient, obsequious.

a j*U» td'il, A straight, firm arrow.

a y*Vt td'in, Reproaching, blaming ;
stabbing; a piercer, spearer; an asperser,
a slanderer; — td'in fl ' 's-sinn, Stricken in
years.

a t)jcU> td'un, Plague, pestilence.
a a->j cy*^ ta'un-mda, Smitten with pes-
tilence.

gU^iU* tdgMetdn, A grove of tdgA-trees ;
name of a country (see g)U—M»),

a «jji\fc> ttighui, An idol, a demon, or any
object worshipped (excepting God), par-
ticularly an ancient idol at Mecca ; Satan ;
a diviner, soothsayer, augur ; an heresiareh.

A jjfcUo tdg}£i, A rebel, leader of faction or
insurrection ; a refractory, disobedient, in-
solent man ; a tyrant (applied by the Mu-
hammadans to the Greek emperors of By-
zantium or Constantinople).

a &*ML t&gMyat, A tyrant ; a Greek
emperor (see preceding article) ; a proud,
insolent fool ; a thunderbolt ; a loud shriek
under the infliction of torture.

a c*U> tdfih, Overflowing (pond) ; full of
drink.

a jU» tag, An arch ; an aTched building,
cupola, or any kind of vaulted work; a
window, balcony ; in these meanings con-
strued with the verbs bastan, zadan, kash-
Idan, gashtan, namudan, &c. ; a kind o£
tree ; a kind of wadded garment ; a green
scarf (tailasdn) ; name of a town in Sistan ;
also of a fortress in Tabaristan; odd; a
fold, plait, ply (construed with uftddan,
shudan, gardiidan, kardan, &c.) ; open ; a
peculiar noise or echo ; — tdqi abrH, An
arched eyebrow ; — tdqi azraq (haztcha-rang,
khazrd, tdram, firoxa, kuhll, Idjawardi,
nilufari, nlm-khdna, nlm-khdya), The azure
vault, i.e. heaven, sky; — tdqi iwan,The frieze
of a palace, a portico ; — tag bar-nihddan,
To forget, leave, omit ; — tdqi put, Arch of a
bridge ; — tdqi shakar-bura, A kind of tri-
angular sweetmeat; — tdqi fardmush (nis-
ydn), The arch of forgetfulness, i.e. ob-
livion; — tdqi muqarnas, The throne of
Solomon ; the sky, heaven ; — tdqi nasMman,
Council - chamber (m.c.) ; — tdqi nusrat
(nasri), A triumphal arch (m.c.) ; — tdq u
turwrnh (turum), Pomp, pride ; — bar tdq
nihadan, To promote to the highest rank;
to forget, leave, omit j — da- tdq, Double ; —
sih-tdq, Triple ; — nuh f,dq, The nine vaults
of heaven.

a ts*** t.dq-bandl, The picture of an
arch painted upon a wall by way of adorn-
ment,

a tdqat, f.dqa, Power, force, strength.

a tdqal-dzmd'i, Trial of ability

or strength.

a )j fagot-war, Powerful.

a jj^t taq-juft, The game of odd-and-
even.

a &«>\i> taqcha, A little window ; a niche
(m.c.) V .

a iiWUs. tdqddna, The cornel-tree.

a u-jjjJs taqdes, Archwise; a portico,
verandah ; a royal pavilion ; the throne
of Khusrau; likewise that of king Solo-
mon.

a ^J^** tdq-nam&'i, = jU» q.v.

a 4iU» tdqa, A single twist of a rope ;
one sprig of a flower ; a single silken gar-
ment ; power, strength ; patience, endur-
ance.

a ^s*^ tdqi, A kind of high-crowned hat
or mitre (also <j~iUs. tdqin) ; the froth of
urine in a chamber-pot ; sediment in the
urine of a sick person; a cloud ; wall-eyed
(horse).

a wiA-Jit taqiydt (pi. of the following),
Fillets, Ac. "
a <M\t tdqiya, tdqiya, A fillet, especially

( 807 )

J Ik

one worn under the head-dress ; a balcony,
pent-house ; a cornice.

jjj <s*ilt tdqiya-doz, A head-dress maker;
a deceiver,

a s-5U*N JU> tdla 'l-ma'dtib, The (love-)
quarrels have lasted (too) long, i.e. let by-
gones be bygones.

a JU> tdla-baqdhu, May his existence
be prolonged !

a tdlib, One who asks, inquires, de-
mands, interrogates, or requests; craving;
importunate ; a beggar ; an inquisitor, in-
quirer; a pursuer; studious, desirous of
knowledge, curious; — tdlibi dunyd, "Worldly-
minded ; — tdlibi dlddr, Who longs for the
sight of, a lover; — tdlibi 'Urn (tdlibu 'l-'ilm),
A searcher of knowledge, a student ; — tdlib
u matlub, The seeker and the sought,
lovers ; — abu tdlib, Name of the paternal
uncle of Muhammad, and father of 'Ali.

a <jWiU> tdlibdn (P. pi. of the preceding),
Seekers, students, &c. ; — tdlibdni fazilaU
gustar, Learned and. excellent men.

a jJtt tdlih, Wicked, villainous (opp. to
(J^«> q.v.) ; — agar sdlih u agar tdlih, Whether
good or bad ; — lau-ld ' s-sdMhuna la-halaka
't-tdlihuna, Were it not for the righteous,
verily the wicked would go to perdition (be
cut off).

a lali'. Who or what arises, appears,
breaks forth, is born or produced ; the
false dawn, twilight; an arrow which flies
beyond the mark ; the new moon ; horo-
scope, fortune, fate, destiny, chance ; — tdli'i
mas'alat, The horoscope drawn as to the
result of any particular action; — tdli'i
wilddat, The horoscope of birth.

a ^J^*)] fdli'-azma'l, Trial of one's
fortune.

a ts*?^ tdli'-pixhuhi, The seeking of
good fortune.

a (jhAja gSIL tdli'-shinds, An astrologer, a
fortune-teller, a soothsayer.

a JJ*«5lt tdli'mand, Fortunate, prosperous.

a <j±u*i\l* tdli'mandi, Fortune, prosperity,
wealth.

o,_y£SU» tdli'war, Fortunate.

a lSjjC^ tdli'wari, — q.v.

a jyU> tdliq, Divorced, repudiated (woman);
cattle sent loose to pasture.

a yVfillL tdliqdn, Name of a city between
Balkh and Marv ; also of a place distant a
day's journey from Kazwin.

yjsllL talqun, A species of poisonous
braBS or mixed metal, composed of iron,
antimony, lead, gold, tin, copper, and
silver, of which tweezers are made for
pulling out hairs, which never grow after-
wards, or at least but slowly.

a uwjJU- tdlut, kjiU» talut, Saul (the king).

T oLHL tdlydn, (Italiano) An Italian.

yj,..(JU» tdllsfar, The bark of an Indian
olive which, applied to the mouth, is a cure
for certain diseases.

yjieJUs tdlfqiin, = t)j35U> q.v.

a ^UlL tdma't, Doubtful words, without
certainty, incoherent speech, raving non-
sense; vainglory, boasting; hypocritical;
barbarously pronounced.

a tdmmat. Adversity ; a calamity
which surpasses all others ; the resurrection.

a <A~»U= tdmis, A menstruous woman.

a tamih, High, elevated ; looking
upwards; covetous, eager; — tdmih,u 't-tarf,
A quick-sighted horse.

A/»U> tdmir, A flea; name of a plant; —
tdmiru bnu tdmir-in, One unknown himself
and whose father is not known.

a tdmi', Covetous, greedy, desirous,
hopeful, appetitive.

A tdmi'at, Appetite.

a o"U= fami, Swelling, raging (the sea or
any mass of water) .

A y/U* td'us, A peacock ; a handsome
man; silver; ground verdant with vegeta-
tion; name of a man; — td'usi dtisJi-par
(the peacock with wings of fire), The sun ;
— td'usi khuld, Virgins of Paradise ; — td'usi
'ulwi-dshydn, Fire (see bacha'i td'usi 'ulwl-
dshydn under a^, p. 157) ; — td'usi mashriq-
Mvirdm, The sun ; heaven.

a j> td'us-par, Having a plumage

like a peacock; — fd'us-pardni akh?ar, An-
gels; stars.

a 5jJ (j»/U> td'us-darra, The peacock plain,
name of a place (m.c).

a y-yAt td'us-rang, Of the colours of
the peacock.

a iSiA* td'us-mdda, A peahen.

a td'usi. Of or relating to the pea-

cock; adorned with peacock's feathers, or
with jewels, to resemble a peacock's tail.

u*}^ tawushi, A kind of coloured stuff
or garment.

a tdwl, Starved, hungry, eating no-
thing,

a tahir, Clear, pure, unsullied, chaste,
clean, holy; — tdhiru 's-siydb {'z-xail), Of
unsullied life ; — qalbi tahir, A pure heart.

a ^ t&M, Cooking ; a cook ; a baker.

a iiUs. tdyat, A flat roof, terrace, or sur-
face ; a place where dates are tried ; a
large rock in sandy ground.

a <iaaJ>i td'ihat, A destructive calamity ; a
ruined man, one undone.

a j?i td'ir, Flying ; a flyer ; a bird ; the
thing from which an omen is taken (origi-
nally a bird) ; an omen (especially a bad ,
one) ; work, act ; the brain ; — td'iri sidra
(sidra-nishin), The bird of Sidra (a species
of paradisaical tree), the angel Gabriel ;—
td'iri qudsi, An angel; — td'iri qiyds, The
reasoning faculty.

a tjtfS. td'ish, Volatile, light, flighty;
pettish.

a a>U= td'i', Obedient, cheerful, willing.
a n*W=" td'i'an, Willingly, cheerfully,
with pleasure.

cJUlt ( 808 ) M=

a <-*fU= td'if, Who or what goes round ; a
night-watch or patrol; the ox which is
stationed at the outer edge of the threshing-
floor; the middle of a how; one who performs
the circumanibulation of the Ka'bah ; a
phantom, spectre, an apparition in a dream,
especially of a mistress ; name of several
cities, especially a celebrated one in
Hijaz.

a JUfU> ta'ifat, A people, nation, tribe,
family; a troop, band, body, company,
clique ; suite, train, equipage, attendants ;
a sect; a company of dancing girls and
musicians ; a caravan ; — pd'ifa'i insamya,
The female sex (m.c.) ; — pd'ifa'i shamsu'd-
din-lii, The tribe of Shamsu'd-din (m.c).

a yUifU. ta'ifatani, Two companies, i.e.
Jews and Christians.

K tci'il, Long; power; profit, advan-
tage; riches, wealth ; excellence; spacious-
ness ; — la pd'il, (There is) no profit ; it is
useless to talk of it anv more.

a. s-k tabb (v.n.), Strengthening (a
leathern bottle) by covering the ,seams with
a strap ; skilful, expert ; eager to cover (a
stallion) ; —tibb, tabb, tubb (v.n.), Medical
art or treatment ; medicine for body or
mind ; magic, witchcraft, necromancy, fasci-
nation ; benevolence, courtesy ; [Hbbu 'n-
ni*a\ Name of a book on female diseases ;
— 'ilmi tibb. Science of medicine ;] — tibb,
Will, desire, inclination ; nature, habit,
custom.

a tababat, A long, streaky cloud ; —
tabdba (in P.), Meat dressed soft ; — tibdbai,
The medical art, the practice of physics ; a
strip of leather for covering the seams of a
water-bottle.

a cW» pabalch, pubd/ch, Strength, stability ;
plumpness, fatness ;—tabbdkh, A cook.

a tibdkfiat, The art of cookery ; —

tubdfchat. The scum of a pot boiling over.

)W> tibdz, A kind of large red fig.

a j«*»V«i, tabdsMr (S. tavakshira), A sub-
stance of a silicious nature produced in the
bamboo, used in medicine ; also the ashes
of the roots and joints; bamboo-manna;
(for tabdshir, pi. of A. qq.v., pp. 278

and 280) happy tidings, &c ; — pabdehiru 'l-
haiydt, Chalk, lime, plaster; whiting; —
pahdshiri subh, The light of dawn.

a pabdtabd, Surname of the great-

greatgrandson of Ali, Ismil'il bin Ibrahim,
on account of his pronouncing the letter j
liket.

a ^W^W^ tabdtabd'i. Descending from
Tabataba ; — saiyid tabdtabd'i, A lineal de-
scendant of Tabataba.

a gM= tibd', Nature, temperament, com-
plexion, disposition, nature's stamp ; under-
standing, genius, intellect, judgment ; im-
pression, print ; (pi. of tab') natures; firms;
[ddru 't-fibd', Printing-office ;] — tabbd', A
potter; a sword-cutlur ; a printer.

a &=Wk tibd'at, The art of forging swords
or moulding earthen pots ; printing.

a kjlft tibdq (v.n. 3 of Agreeing,
suiting, fitting, matching ; higher part or
surface (of ground) ; a large dish or plate,
a tray ; a vessel for kneading ; a basin,
bowl ; (pi. of tabaq) things similar to one
another ; — pubdq, tabaq, Name of a long
blue flower frequent in the mountains near
Shiraz ; — fubbdq, Name of a tree found on
the mountains near Mecca, a specific against
poisons, scab, fever, or inveterate obstruc-
tions of the liver.

a (_j>Wk tabdqi, Of or relating to a plate
or platter.

a JWk tabbdl, A drummer.

a &W*> pibdlat, The art of drum-beating.

<VWk tabdnja, *"^M> pahdncha, A box,
blow, slap (construed with khwurdan and
mdan) ; — ba-tabancha ruyi kktvud surkh mi-
ddrad, He puts a good face on a bad bar-
gain.

tabdhja, g*fcWl= tabdhlj, An omelet;
soft meat.

a £>W1> tabd'i' (pi. of pal? at), Natures,
tempers ; constitutions, dispositions.

a &*etabbat, Clever (fern.) ; cleverness ; —
tibbat, An oblong tract of grassy ground or
clouds; also a long segment of cloth, or a
leathern strap about the breadth of the
finger ; — tubbat, A strip of leather for cover-
ing the seams of a water-bottle.

A (r^ & a ty ( v -n.), Striking anything hol-
low (as the head) ; confirmed stupidity ; —
tabaj (v.n.), Being foolish, insaDe.

a £*k tablet, A cooking ; cookery ; — tabiki
huzur (nazar), Cooking under supervision
and with great care.

a WU. £j= tabkh-kAdna, A cook's shop ; a
kitchen.

j*5> pahar, Name of a district in Persia
(Tabaristan).

yj^A fabarkhiirt, The red Hyrcanian or
Tabaristan willow ; the jujube ; a red colour
(see <#*ti>5 p. 279).

a tabamad (for P, J)^f> q.v., p. 279),
jjj-i= tabarzaz, Jjr^ tabarzai, t))_r^= tabarzan,
Sugar-candy ; conserve of roses.

a ^/ft tabras, tibris, An arrant liar.

yix-^Js tabaristan, The ancient Hyrcania.

ts^ji tabari, Of or referring to Tabaristan
(see bedi tabari under *i*i) ; a native of Ta-
baristan.

a pabarya, Tiberias.

A pabz (v.n.), Filling; lying with,
coition ; — tibz, The angle of a mountain ; a
double- hunched camel.

a tabs, Black ; — fibs, A wolf ; — tahat,
Name of a city in Khurasan.

i^i. tabsa, Tapestry, a carpet.

a i^—fk tabsh, Men ; a body, troop.

A ^Uiji' pabtdb, A bird with large ears ;
also —

A tabtdbat, The club, bat, or racket,

( 809 )

with which they strike the ball at. the game
of tennis,

a &fM= tabtabal, tabtaba (v.n. of s-Wk),
Making noise ; the sound made by the
dashing of torrents or water-falls, or in
walking, or in whipping.

;M= fabtu, A kind of water-bird.

A £*k t. a b' (v.n.), Forging (a sword) ;
coining (money) ; moulding (a pitcher) ;
printing, stamping; signing, sealing, malting
an impression with a seal ; presenting a
fair mark for a blow (the nape of the neck) ;
casting a veil over the heart (God) ; an im-
pression made with a seal ; nature, genius,
temperament, stamp of a character; form,
shape, air ; likeness, resemblance ; [tab'i
ilahi, Divine nature ; — tab' tez kardan, To
make eager for ; — tab'i kdfim, A cold and
dry temperament; a dull, stupid, frigid
fellow ; death; — bi'Utab, Naturally; — hatim*
tab', Of the disposition of Hatim, generous,
liberal ;] — til', A water-course, channel,
rivulet; a measure full; a leathern bottle
for churning; rust, soil, dirt; name of a
river; — taba' (v.n.), Becoming rusty (a
sword); being dirty, being mean, sordid,
abject; being idle, slothful ; — tali', Sordid,
mean, abject.

a J*k tab'-dzmd, Trying the dispo-
sition.

a ii\ck*A> tab'Jchatta, A printing-office.

a o\j tab'-zdd, Invention.

a taba'a (for q.v.), Subjects;
subject (m.c).

a L5 v^ tab'i, Natural, physical.

a tab'iat, = £«<^ q.v.

a tabq (v.n.), Cleaving to the side
(the hand.) ; — tibq, Anything corresponding
with, or joined to, another ; the fruit of a
certain tree; bird-lime; gins, springes; a
multitude (of men or locusts) ; — tubq (pi.
of tablq), Hours of the night ; — tabaq (v.n.),
Cleaving to; a dish, plate, tray; a lid,
cover; an orb, disk, sphere; a layer, stra-
tum ; crust, rind, coat (as of an onion) ; the
storey of a house ; a platform ; surface* of
the earth ; a leaf ; gold-leaf, tinfoil ; a thin
bone between the joints of the back-bone;
whatever matches, tallies with, or fits an-
other thing ; the vulva ; tribadism ; one
thing following another ; an age ; a period
of twenty years ; the greater part of a day
or night; state, condition ; [tabaqi zambtir,
A bee-hive ; — bandtu ' 1-ta.ha.q, Misfortunes,
calamities ; — bintu 't-tabaq, A tortoise (said
to lay 99 eggs producing a tortoise, and
one egg producing a serpent).

va-J» tabqd, A kind of grain agreeing with
horses but not with men.

A. «f U-i tabaqat (pi. of tabaqat) Kinds (of
men) ; degrees, steps, stories.

A tibqat, fabqa, An hour of the day;
a gin, noose, snare ; — tabaqat, Otic thing
following another ; a degree, stage, story,

floor, stratum ; a class or order of men ;
race, generation ; — tabaqa'i bald, An upper
story ; — tabaqa'i ■pain, A lower story.

a i^i-t tabaqcha, A small plate, saucer.

a fabaqchi, One who has charge of

dishes or plate, clerk of the scullery.

<^f*° tabqart, A small plate ; side, border.

a tabaq-zan, = aiW- q.v., p. 659.

a J-i tabl (v.n.), Drumming; a drum,
single or double ; a tambourine ; garments
on which are figures of drums ; people,
creatures ; taxes, tribute ; — tabli dsayish,
Sounding a retreat ; — tabli amdn zadan,
To sue for quarter or pardon ; — tabli
baz, A drum beaten by hunters to rouse
aquatic birds to be captured by a falcon ;
— tabli baz ba-rdyi khwud mi-zanad, He
talks at random without anybody listening
to him ; — {abli bdz-gasht, A drum beaten
to give the signal of retreat ; — tabli talkhl
(in the language of Sodomites), Podes ; —
tabli tahl, Boasting, vain-glory ; — tabli
haidari rum, The drum of a man of Kaiy
called Haidar, who bragged of hunting lions
whom he pretended to frighten by beating
his drum ; — tahl khpurdan, To bo afraid, to
fly in terror; — tabl dar zlri gillm zadan,
To strive to conceal what is notorious ;
~tabl dar zlri gilim rndndd.n, To be ob-
scure, little known ; — tabli rusted (rux-wd'i)
zadan, To divulge one's own shame ; — tabl
zadan (fin koftan, nawdkhtan), To beat a
drum ; — tabli niwum zadan, To beat the
midnight-drum (a watchman) ; — tabli shab,
A tattoo (jn.c.) ; — tabl-ash darlda shud, His
secrets have been divulged ; — tabli 'asas,
The drum of a night patrol or watchman ; —
tabli wdpas (or tabli mdtam), A drum which
is beaten on the day 'dshurd.

a jVi J-i tabl-bdz, A drum hung at the
saddle ; a drummer.

a asWuk tabl-khfvna, Warlike music ; a
concert of drums ; a band of music.

a yj J-J=> tabl-zcm, A drummer.

A (jLis tahlaq, A bundle of papers.

a usiLft labial:, A little drum ; also a drum
made of two kettles, joined bottom to
bottom, and covered with a skin ; a mitre,
cap, tiara ; a fillet.

a jV J"^ tabl-nawdz, A drummer.

a ^y J-i tabl-naivazl ', Drmn-bea.ting.

a. i-Oe labia, A large wooden dish in which
fruits are exposed for sale ; a small tam-
bourine, a littlo drum ; a round butt or
mark for archers ; a sandal or slipper ; a
contrivance made of hair by brandishing
which falconers call back the falcon ; any-
thing thrown or shot at birds, sprung by a
pointer, which brings them down ; — tabla'i
'attar, A perfumer's tray.

"ttj^y- -sift taUa-khwar, Eating gratis; a
parasite.

a j\f iLt tabla-nawdz, A drummer.

a ^ tdbn, taban (v.n.), Covering up (a

( 810 )

fire) to prevent (its) dying away ; people,
persons ; — tubn, A lute, a guitar ; — taban
(v.n,), Knowing, perceiving, understanding
well; quickness, sagacity; — taban, tabu,
tibn, }ubn, tulan, A kind of game with
lines scored on the ground ; a carcass laid
to entice vultures ; — tabin, Sensible, intelli-
gent, knowing, sagacious ; — Hban (pi. of
fibnai), Intellectual powers, subtleties; —
tuban (pi. of tubnat), Games of nine-pins.

a <u-t fibnat, Understanding, quickness
of apprehension ; — tubnat, The sound of a
lute or guitar ; a kind of game with three
or nine stones or pieces.

tabancha, A slap, &c. (see A^s^L).

ii£^> tabang, A greengrocer's tray.

A^t tabw (v.n.), Calling to.

a )f^> (&>y> qarya'i) tabilr, The city of
Tiberks.

a ( J«- jabali) tdbur, Mount Tabor.
<s<!° taba, An European carpet with a
short pile.

A <j?*k tiby, tuby, A nipple, a dug ; — tibbi,
Medicinal, medical.

a (j+t. tibbl-rnadrasa, A medical

college.

a s-<«*k tdblb, A physician, doctor ; a skil-
ful practitioner in general; (met.) a mis-
tress.

a ^s^= tabibi, Profession of a physician.

A £~tt tabikh, Cooked ; ripened ; anything
dressed, especially half-roasted or par-
boiled ; a decoction ; a brick, tile ; plaster,
mortar ; — tibbikfi, in P. also tabikh, A
melon.

O 1 *^ tabidan, To palpitate, throb, beat.
a u-m^ tab'ts, Abounding, overflowing
(sea)_.

a tabi'at, Nature, essence, quality,

property, genius, complexion, temperament,
constitution, humour, instinct, temper, dis-
position; — latifu 't-tabi'at, Of a pleasant
disposition, gracious, mild, gentle.

a tabl'at-ddr, Naturally sharp

or clever ; inventive.

a yJ>^4> ii-Ki-fls. tabi'at-shinas, A physician.

a tabl'at-Jcarda, (A child) be-

ginning to smile and talk.

a (js***** tabi'i, fern. tabi'iyat, tabi-

l iya, Natural, intrinsic, physical, innate ;
— harCiraii tabi'iya, Natural heat.

A <3~1= tablq, An hour of the night ; a
long time; anything agreeing with, or equal
to, another.

yUt taptin, Restless, agitated, distracted.

fe?lt tapdncha, A blow, box, slap ; a
pistol; — tapdncha Mwurdan. To be slapped,
cuffed, buffeted ; — tapdncha'i shash-lula, A
six-chambered revolver (m.c.).

yJ^i^X taj)dnidan, To cram, stuff; ac-
cording to others, to do what one is ordered
or desired to do.

t/Jb (apish, Palpitation ; — tapishi dil, A
palpitation of the heart.

tapidagi, Palpitation.

yW" tapidan, To palpitate {as the heart),
to throb, beat ; to wallow ; to totter, fall.

a (ass, A boy's game, throwing a
ball.

A t. a ?.T ( v n -)> Being thick (milk),
covered with cream ; name of a section of
the tribe Azd.

a tasrat, Thick milk covered with
cream ; thick water full of sediment, black
mud; water-moss; affluence, happiness.

a fas-raj, A small yellow ant, a pis-
mire.

a &*i> tajn (v.n.), Frying in a pan,

a ^Ust tihdb, Name of a place.

a J tihal, The milt, spleen ; name of a
stone ; also of a place; — tuhdl, A disease of
the spleen.

a tahhdn, fern. &UJ> tahhdnat, tah-

hana, A miller.

a &W> tihdnat, Grinding, trade of a
miller.

AjW> tahr (v.n.), Throwing out a mote
(the eye) ; casting away a green film (a
fountain) ; extirpating the foreskin (a cir-
eumeiser).

A yaU tahz, Coition.

A (ahs (v.n.), Lying with.

a ^r*l tahsh (v.n.), Becoming obscured
(the eye).

A iahtdh, A lion; — tihtdh, i*W>

tahtahat (v.n. of c^*^)' Separating, scatter-
ing ; destroying ; breaking ; smiling, show-
ing the teeth.

A J*,k tahl, tahal (v.n.), Hurting in the
spleen; — tahal (v.n.), Having a complaint
in the spleen ; having a large or swollen
spleen ; becoming coi-rupfc (water) ; being
dust-coloured, or the colour of the spleen ;
— tahil, Splenetic, irascible ; full ; (water)
filled with moss.

a v^W, tihlib, tuhlab, tuhlub, Water-
moss.

a t^^aJe tahmuras. Name of a Persian
king (see ^y+s 5 , p. 339).

a tahn (v.n.), Grinding (a mill) ;

coiling up (as a serpent) ; — tihti, Mea!,
flour; — fuhan, A dwarf; a species of ani-
malcule.

A tahw (v.n.), Throwing (a man) on
his face ; expanding, spreading out; draw-
ing out lengthwise ; travelling, removing
to a distance ; perishing ; lying on the left
side.

A^aJ= tahur, Swift, rapid ; a bow shooting
with velocity ; an eye throwing out motes ;
a fountain throwing out green film.

a tahiln, A multitude, phalanx bear-
ing down all before them; a fierce battle;
many camels (about 300).

a talchkk, Projection ; removal ; co-
ition.

A «jUfck takhaf, A thin, high cloud ; —
tiMidf, A thin cloud through which the

sky is seen; (pi. of talchfat), Thin, trans-
parent clouds.

A^att tikhz, A lie, a falsehood.

a o~sst tikhs, Root, origin, base, cause,
author ; limit, extremity (of anything).

Qjfis-S-s&t takhsMqun (G. to£ikov), Poison.

a <-As|J= takhf, Grief which clouds the
mind ; sour milk, curdles ; a thin, high
cloud.

A ^ieJ' takhm (v.n.), Being proud, haughty,
overbearing ; pride, haughtiness.

a f^sci tujchum, Limits, bounds, boun-
daries (see A. (#flw, p. 288).

a }° tarr (v.n.), Compelling; driving
(cattle) together from different quarters,
and ranging (them) up to the right and
left ; sharpening ; splitting, cleaving, cut-
ting ; coating a cistern with clay; giving
a slap or blow ; falling ; dismembering,
cutting off ; — furr, All, the generality.

a tara', &>\£ tard'at (v.n. of
Being fresh, moist, succulent (a vegetable) ;
— tarrd' (pi. of tari), Comers by surprise.

a f>\*> (j-jMjt tarabulusi sham, Tripoli in
Syria.

a w£ uO^ty* tarabulusi gh arb, Tripoli in
Barbary.

a t)j,j*y> HrdMtsan, Trebizond.

A Js^jk tarabil (pi. of tirbdl), Lofty
towers ; Syrian churches or cloisters.

a tarasts, A fruit called bil or bel

(.35gle marmelos).

a eV 5 tardh, A distant place, distance,
remoteness ; — tarrah, An architect.

a tarrdhi, Architecture.

A I5y> tirad (v.n. 3 of Making a

headlong attack in battle ; a hunting-spear,
javelin ; — tarrad, A long day ; a small swift
ship, an open and flat roof or surface ; one
■who -wearies the patience of his hearers by
a tedious delivery ;— turrad, Name of a
place.

A Urar (pi. of turrat), Locks, ringlets,
&c. ; — tarrdr, A. cut-purse, pickpocket; an
impostor.

a is^jk tarrdra, Sharpness, activity ; ex-
pedition, speed.

a (jWj rfj* tarrara-zabdn, Chattering,
clack.

a ijjty tarrari, Quickness, fluency ; im-
pudence.

W-^jV* titrdrldan, To inquire, search.

" jV 3 fiTdg, tarde (for P. j1y), A royal
robe, or rich dress ornamented with em-
broidery ; also the places in Persia where
they are generally made ; the decoration
of a city upon any puMic solemnity; an
ornament ; painting ; embroidery ; fashion ;
sugar-cane; a sugar-refinery in the pro-
vince of Khuzistan ; a workshop, factory ;
a manufactory of brocade ; a place where
water is distributed in small canals from a
rivsr or fountain ; way, form, manner, rule ;
a company of people j wild, desert, scenite ;

name of a district in Badakhshan ; name
of a city on the confines of China, cele-
brated for the comeliness of its inhabitants
and the excellence of its musk; (in comp.)
ornamenting, adorning, embroidering ; sing-
ing, trilling ; [asar (dsdr) tor as, A histori-
ographer ; — dibdja tar ax, A composer of
prefaces or exordiums (as being written in
a highly -ornamented style);] — tarrat,
An embroiderer.

a tirdzddn (for P. o^ J «V t< ira ' ei *-

ddri), A case in which scales are kept.

ajfy£> farazgar, An embroiderer.

a SAijiys tarazanda, A decorator, embroi-
derer.

a t5)\;k tardzi, Adorning, ornamenting.

a tl^;^ tarazldan, To embroider ; to sing.

($y»ty tardsun, A liquor made from rice
(see ej~>V p. 507).

a tr-^jk tardffhis, Pearl-barley.

(j^ftiVjL tardghay-un, Name of a gum-tree.

a w*ljl= tirdf, A tent made of tanned
leather ; whatever is taken from the sidea
of a gown field; honour, greatness; — tarrdf,
Name of a certain man.

a Si\Jb fardfat (v.n. of >-*£), Being new,
coming out (something original and ele-
gant) ; being distinguished by a long line
of ancestors,

a tr-iy= turdfish, Depraved, ill-tempered.

J*\jk tirafal, A myrobalan-electuary (see
J*jM,p. 71).

a tard-q, The rattling noise made by
anything tumbling down, or in breaking a
bone ; — tirdq (v.n. 3 of Sewing to-

gether (two soles) ; lining, especially thin
leather with which they line boots or shoes ;
the curvature of a crest on a helmet; a,
piece of leather cut in the form of a shield,
and stuck thereupon ; any piece of "work-
manship that fits another ; — firrdq, Treacle
(an antidote) ; — turrdq (pi. of tdrig), Necro-
mancers, diviners.

(j~-»\j!= fardqie, = ij^tA\J= q,v.

«i3y= tardh, Noise, din, clatter.

a tardwat, A being fresh ; freshness,
moisture.

a islUci>jljL> tardivatndk. Fresh, moist,
juicy.

tarawa, A pennant, a vane.

a S&\f° tardyat, = Sj^» q.v.

a lard' id (pi. of taridaf), Things
driven, as game into nets ; schooners.

a t-jftjL tar d' if, Rare and choice vessels
or pieces of furniture, rarities.

a tarti'if-kash, Who carries

rarities.

a tard'iq (pi. of tariqat), Ways,

tracts ; a torn or worn garment ; troops,
bodies, sects (especially of the superior
orders of men).

A tarab (v.n.), Skipping, leaping,
dancing for joy ; cheerfulness, joy, glad-
ness ; motion ; emotion ; grief, sadness ;

( 811 )

S^ 9

( 812 )

[tardb kardan, To make merry ;] — farib,
Name of a horse which belonged to Mu-
hammad.

a -i^ Ufije tarab-dhild. An abode of joy.

a JWjk tirbal, A high tower built on the
top of a hill ; a Christian church in Syria
•with lofty steeples or a belfry ; a pari of a
wall or mountain towering above the rest ;
a large stone projecting from a mountain ;
any building large and lofty; — tirbdli
m.ai'il, A leaning tower or wall.

a y&\ >-r>jl> tarab-angez, Mirth-exciting.

a *>U. >vy> famb-kjidna (ts\r* saray), A.
place of enjoyment.

a s-»y= tarab-sanj, Who rejoices, re-
vels, mates merry.

a s-^ tarab-fizdy, Increasing enjoy-
ment.

a &\f^r> } \= tarab-gdh, A place of enjoyment.

a eJli^t farabndk, Joyous, mirthful.

a Sjk tarrat, The waist ; impregnation
effected by a single covering ; — twrrat, Fore-
lock, curl, ringlet of hair ; the edge, border,
fringe of a garment ; a river-bank ; the side
or border of anything ; a wallet.

A (j)\Sji» turratdn (du. of the preceding),
Two black streaks on the back of a wild
ass or bullock.

A yt>£> tars, Any building fresh and new ;
preserving, keeping; — tirs, The extremity
of the clitoris.

a tarsus, A fruit called in Persian

bil (see ^s^k) ; — tursus, A species of fun-
gus, of the form of parsnips, growing under
trees, penetrating deep into the ground (one
kind is red and sweet, the other white aud
bitter) •, gl&us penis.

a vi—- > >v f J=> tarsis, Name of a village near
Nishapur.

a tj" tarh, tarah (v.n.), Throwing, cast-
ing, flinging ; removing; position, establish-
ment, disposition ; mode, manner ; foun-
dations ; a verse set, showing the metre in
which a poena is to be composed; [tarhi
aeds kardan. To lay the foundations ; — tarh
afgandan, To lay a foundation ; to practise ;
— tarh bar-ddshtan, To take model or pat-
tern from ; — tarh ba-tarJi, Various sorts ; —
tarh dddan, To make a throw in the game
of nard, a move in chess ; to compel to pur-
chase at a fixed price ; to oppose ; — tarhi
ru'i db, A picture that will not last ; — tarhi
eina dddan, To open or lay bare tbe breast ;
— -tarh kardan, To throw away ; to bring
forward a bill (m.c.) ; — ba-tar'h dddan, To
compel to buy at a fixed price ; to give
gratis or for nothing;] — tirh. Thrown away ;
driven forward ; — tarah, A distant place.

ctjWjL tarh-ddr, Beautiful, well-shaped.

a ^^-^ tarh-dari, Beauty, elegance,
grace, style.

a yy^J Cjk farh-qdnun, Braided (garment).

a tarA-Jeash, Who draws a plan ;

a sketcher ; an imitator ; overcome, weak.

a tarkh, A pond, a river.

a y^ji tarkhdn, Name of a prince in
Turkistan; prince, ruler (in Khurasan)
a Turkish tribe ; one who says whatever he
pleases ; a kind of vegetable.

4iU.jt tarkkdna,, Wheat coarsely ground,
boiled to a consistency, and, after milk has
been poured upon it, is made up into balls,
dried, and laid up for future use.

^Aijt tark&ashqiiq, (^jiJ^^ tarkhashqun,
Wild endive.

a tarkhun (for P. gy*-/), Tarragon,
a herb.

a Jy» tard, t.arad (v.n.), Banishing, chasing,
driving away; persecuting; driving (camels)
from different quarters into one body ; —
farad (v.n.), Hunting; — tarid, Water be-
fouled by the dung of cattle.

q. y.LtjjL tarzilun, Assafcetida.

A jy= furar (pi. of turrat), Banks (of
rivers) ; edges of garments ; forelocks, curls.

a jjk t.wt,, Form, manner, habit, fashion ;
construed with the verbs anddkhtan, rekji-
tan, namudan, &c. ; [tarzi 'ibdrat, Construc-
tion of a sentence ; — tarzi kaldm, An idiom;
— ba-tarzi qadlm, Old-fashioned (m.c.) ;] —
taras (v.n.), From being thick and rough,
becoming elegant; from being bad, be-
coming good ; mending one's ways ; being
well dressed; being nice and tidy with
regard to dress.

jy> tin, Decoration ; an embroiderer.

a tare-dan, Acquainted with forms.

O^ir^ tirzidan, To embroider, work with
the needle.

A tars (v.n.), Erasing (writing), can-
celling ; — tirs, A leaf of paper, a page, a
book ; a page erased and re- written.

Br-yt farastuj, A kind of sea-fish.

A (j-j-jk tarsus, tursus, Tarsus in Cilicia.

{J *j& i ~.je, turm,qus, Name of a Christian
monk or learned man ; according to others
name of a Christian king.

a farsh, Slight deafness ; — fursh (pi.
of atrash), Deaf (persons) ; — tarash (v.n.),
Being deaf ; deafness.

■j^-AjL taraeht, Name of a place in the
province of Raiy celebrated for its water
and climate.

(jju&jt tirskldan, To engage in any work
heedlessly; to be anxious, sad, grieved.

A tjt tarat (v.n.), Having thin eyebrows
or eyelashes ; folly, stupidity ; — tarit, Fool-
ish, stupid, ignorant.

jii^ilijt tartdnayiiah, Name of an island
from which Azra was rescued.

a si-kjk turtub, turtubb, Large, flagging
breasts.

a jjkjk furfur, Long and slim ; a high-
peaked turban or cap worn by the Arabians ;
a weak mountain-goat.

a tarffis, Name of a champion in

the army of the Russians ; a strong and
brave man.

phi" tartlr, Cream of tartar (m.c.).

^^^ijL tarfiriki, Tartaric; — asldi tar-
firtki, Tartaric acid (m.c.) .

(^jjl^jt targ^ulUclu ((x. rpay\r]Tr}% rp<o-
y\o&vrr]<i), Name of a bird.

a tarf (v.n.), Averting, turning

away, repelling; looking at, beholding;
closing the eyelid; giving a blow on the
eye and making tears flow ; eye ; a noble,
liberal man ; the extremity or anything ;
two small stars, otherwise called 'aind 'l-
asad, " the eyes of the lion," and forming
the ninth mansion of the moon; [irtidddu 't-
tarf, The twinkling of an eye;] — tirf, Noble,
well descended from both sides (man) ;
high-bred (horse) ; newly-acquired wealth ;
grass just sprouted ; — tarf, taraf (in P.
mostly the latter), Side, quarter, end, ex-
tremity ; coast, shore, a distant part of the
earth ; time ; an adversary, a colleague, a
wife ; portion ; advantage, profit ; assist-
ance ; a belt, girdle ; a generous man ;
[taraf bar-taraf, From side to side, from
different quarters ; — faraf bastan (bar-bas-
fan, bar-ddshtan). To become an adversary ;
to derive advantage ; — tarafi sdnl, A de-
fendant ; an enemy ; a wife ; — tarafi sham,
Evening ; towards evening ; — taraf shudan,
To oppose, to be adverse, or an adversary ;
— tarafi swM, Morning ; towards morning ;
— tarafi 'asr, Afternoon ; towards evening
(m.c.) ; — tarafi lease ddshtan (giriftan). To
take one's part, to protect, to assist ; —
— tarafi kuldh u mdnandi an shikastan. To
bend the rim of a hat, &c. ; — bar-taraf,
Apart, aside, separated ; — bar taraf shudan,
To be apart, set aside, neglected ; — bar taraf
nihddan, To put aside, omit, neglect ; —
latifa bar taraf, Raillery apart ; — yak taraf
shudan, To secede, separate from, depart ;]
— tarif, Who does not keep to one woman,
friend, companion ; fickle ; a camel straying
from one pasture-ground to another ; a
man with a Jong line of ancestors ; name
of a place 36 miles distant from Madinah.

A AiJ* tarf a', The tamarisk-tree (which is
of four kinds).

a S^ijk tarf at, A single tamarisk- tree.

A tarfat, tarfa, One wink or twinkle
with the eye ; a blow on the eye which
makes it water ; a red spot on the eye from
a blow ; name of a star, and of a lunar
mansion ; [/i tarfaii 'l-'ain, In the twink-
ling of an eye ;] — turfat, turf a, Anything
new, agreeable, wonderful, rare ; name of a
certain man.

a )\*i£> taraf-ddr, A partisan, follower,
or sectary ; an assistant ; partial ; a prince,
magistrate ; a possessor of territory, a land-
holder ; an officer employed to collect the
revenue of particular parts ; — taraf-ddri
anjum, The sun ; — taraf-ddri panjum, The
planet Mars ; the monarch of Turlcistan ;
the fifth climate ; the Greeks.

( 813 ) j>

taraf-ddri, Partiality ; sect-

arianism.

a 8^ i-Jjk tarf-gdh, Prospect, place of out-
look ; (met.) the world.

a i^s&i;^ turfagl, Wonderfulness ; a rarity ;
jugglery.

a taraf-glr, A partisan ; partial.

a t^y^h taraf- girt, Partiality, partisan-
ship.

a Aijt turf a, Anything new and agree-
able ; surprise ; name of a juggler ; — -turfa^i
baghddd, (met.) Of peerless beauty ; — ■
turf a' i shash-tdq, The world.

a tarf-hd, taraf-hd (P. pi. of tarf,

taraf), Sides, <&c. ; — taraf-hd ddshian, To
have various sides, meanings (a question or
word).

a y**^ tarafain (ob. du.), Both sides;
the adversaries in a law-suit ; — tarafaini
silsila, The two ends of a chain ; the ex-
treme terms of a series.

a ojt tarq (v.n.), Arriving in the night ;
knocking at a door; striking violently, or
with a smith's hammer ; throwing pebble-
stones and gravel, in order to prognosticate
future events (a diviner) ; mixing wool and
cotton when practising divination ; beating
cotton ; covering the female (a camel) ;
a stallion powerful in covering ; being
covered ; sperma genitale ; weakness of in-
tellect ; water defiled by the dung of cattle ;
touching a harp, lute, or similar instrument;
once, one time or turu ; [farq-an au tarqain,
Once or twice ;] — tirq, Pat, tallow, grease ;
fatness; craft, trade, calling; strength; — ■
turq (v.n.), Arriving at night ; leaping on
the female (stallion) ; (pi. of tariq) roads ;
— taraq (v.n.), Limping; being bow-legged
and weak in the knees ; lying one over
another (birds' feathers); making water
while standing in a pond ; a ply, fold,
wrinkle (of a leathern bottle) ; gins, snares,
nets (of a fowler) ; (pi. of taraqat) prints
of eameJs' feet foiiowing each other; — turaq
(pi. of turqat), Grooves or guiding lines on
the handle of a bow; — turuq (pi. of tariq),
Ways, roads.

a viAiJe turuqdi (pi. of turuq, pi. of tariq),
Ways, paths, roads ; many ways.

a tarqat, A work, art, craft; a fowler's
net, gin, snare ; — tirqat, A gin, snare ; —
turqat, The groove or guiding line on the
handle of a bow ; custom, habit ; darkness ;
a heap of stones ; — taraqat, One line (of
camels) ; the print of a camel's foot.

A tarriqu (2nd pi. imp.), Give way !
make room ; — tarriqu zadan, To call out
" give way," to clear the road for a great
personage.

a y) jJjt tarriqu-zan, An officer who clears
the road for a prince, &c, a marshal of the
court, a master of ceremonies, usher, ap-
paritor.

yxJi^L tirqldan, y-^^» tirkldan, To make

r> ( 814 >

an excursion, to overrun; to cleave, to
crack (see P- 296).

A f}= farm, firm, Butter; honey; — turm,
A chafing-dish ; name of a tree ; — taram,
Dropping from a foil comb (honey).

fr turum, The noise of a drum,

a t^"J° tirimmah, High and celebrated ;
aspiring, ambitious ; provident, foreseeing ;
name of the father of 'Adi bin Hatim, inter-
mediator between 'Ali and Mu'awiya.

a <±>y^ turmus, Weak.

A ftwrmiiB, Bread baked in the

ashes.

<sVh to-rmoy, A kind of hawk.

biT^h tarminun, A kind of tortoise.

a turn, Raw silk ; stuff of the same.

o-*^*)^^ taranjumdnis (G> Tpi^ojiavts),
MaidenB-hair.

trunhdr (G. Zpovyyapioi), Com-
mander of 1,000 men.

a jjt turuw, An arriving from afar.

a cj^» taruh, A distant place ; strong and
far-shooting (bow) ; long-branched (a palm-
tree).

a ft)* turur (v.n. of Driving cattle to-
gether from different parts ; sprouting
(herbage or whiskers) ; sharpening (a knife
or spear).

(SjSjijyk taruquqiin (G. Tpixoxnos), A med-
lar.

q y**^ turuqan, Cocks-comb (a herb).

a »/> turra, A waving ringlet, dangling
forelock, tuft of frizzled, braided, or curled
hair ; the end of a turban hanging loose
(also called turra'i dastar) ; anything
twisted, as a whip, a, knotted handkerchief ,
&c. ; the black stripe on either shoulder of
an ass; — turra'i iwan (ddlan), The coping
of a wall ; — turra'i buz, The crest-tuft of a
falcon; — turra'i 'ambarln (mushkin) , Tresses
of ambergris or musk (dark and fragrant) ;
— an turra'i musKki sham ta gJiurra'i baizd'i
lam, From the musk-locks of the evening
to the white blaze of morning, i.e. from
night till morning.

a B)t turra-bazi, A game in which
boys run after each other with knotted
handkerchiefs.

a tA^jj turra-paresha.il, With di-
shevelled locks.

a tari, Fresh, green, moist, humid,
new (cf. /) ; — giydhi sar-sabzi tarl,
Herbs green and fresh.

a tirydq, Treacle, theriaca.

a (_5»^;k tiryuqi, A chewer of opium.

a o'^y* tarydne, Anything coming one
knows not whence, an unexpected event.

ileijt tiribula, The lote-tree.

a pjjk tarth, Thrown prostrate ; abject.
tarikh (G. Tapi^a), A small kind of

fish.

a juj^ t arid, Banished ; the trunk of a
tree, crooked and destitute of leaves ; long
(day) ; attack, assault ; a war-whoop ; —

tarid bar-dwardan, To assault, to attack ; to
raise a war-cry.

a i^i}* taridat, Anything forced or driven
(as prey into a net) ; the trunk of a tree
crooked and leaf-less ; a caravan on camels.

a s-Vjt tarida, A swift arrow ; a robber.

Ajijk tarlr, Sharpened (spear-head) ; a
handsome man ; a youth whose mustachios
begin to grow.

tarlgidn, A kind of endive.

0)**)° tarlghun, Name of a bird called
otherwise y q,v. p. 205.

a <-^;k tarif, New, fresh, newly acquired ;
one who traces his descent through a long
line of ancestors ; rare, strange, foreign.

a tarifa, The plant nasi, a kind of
white thistle (see <j«»), when compact and
full grown.

(jJJJjjt. tarlfalan (G. rptyvWov') , The lote-
tree ; according to others Satyrion.

a cslU&Ajjk tarlfandk, Abundant in the
plant nasi, when compact and full-grown.

a (Jfcjk tarlq, A way, road, path, manner,
mode (construed with the verbs eipurdan,
giriftan, &c.) ; tall palm-trees ; \_tarlqi ausat,
A middle road ; — tarlq cMst, What is to be
done P (m.c.) ; — tarlqi 'dm, A public road ;
— tarlq wamldan, To handle a subject ;] — 1
tirriq, Taciturn ; a male bustard or crane.

a tarlqai, tarlqa, A road, way, path ;
manner, way, fashion ; rite, observance ; the
road to Sufic perfection ; a strip of cloth of
wool or camels' hair connecting the opening
parts of a tent ; a Sufi's garment or cloak ;
an inauspicious hour when the moon is in
the sign ot Cancer ; a head man, or (plu-
rally) the chiefs or better sort of people ;
[ahli tarlqat {tarlqa), Devotees ; the sect of
Sufis;] — tirrlqat, Gentleness, softness;
levity ; weakness ; obedience.

tarlququn, = ayy^ q.v.

a (ft)* tarvm, Anger ;-~tiryam, A thick
cloud ; honey.

a taes (v.n.), Overcoming, silencing
(an opponent) ; plunging under water ; a
cup, a basin.

a '^Js tas', »UJ» tasd' (v.n. of e ^—t),
Having the stomach oppressed with any-
thing fat ; being indigestible, not agreeing
with the stomach.

a tisds (pi. of tass), Bowls, basins,

cups.

a S ~-LJ» tasdslj (pi, of tassiij), Coasts,
shores, &c.

a ui->~i=> jfasf, tassat, fiasat, A cup,
basin.

a yVafcx~l> tastithan, tistikhdn (for P.
t }l ^ ^i ! iAj• tasht-khwdn), A large flat tray of
silver or other metals, upon which plates,
cups or dishes are placed, and used as a
table by those who eat sitting on the
ground.

a £— t tas' (v.n.), Traversing (a country) ;
lying with ; consummating marriage ; —

( 815 )

fasa', Being impudent, wanton-eyed, and
free from due respect towards women ;
being desirous, covetous, greedy ; — tasi',
Impudent; desirous, greedy.

a t>— t fasq, fisq, A tax upon lands ; tri-
bute exacted ; a kind of measure ; — tisqi
dsiyd, A tar on mills.

A tasi. Water flowing on the surface
of the ground ; the glittering of the mirage
or sarab.

A tasm (v.n.), Being obliterated (a
path) ; obliterating ; an extinct branch of
the tribe of 'Ad ; [zwwuti tasm. Name of
certain chapters of the Qur'un ;] — tasam
(v.n.), Being oppressed with indigestion
and swollen; darkness, beginning of night ;
a dusty colour.

a tassuj, A weight of two grains of
barley ; the twenty-fourth part of a dram ;
a coast, shore, tract of land,

a pyJe tusum (v.n. of (*— t), Erasing,
obliterating; becoming effaced, cancelled,
obliterated.

a i>t fashsh (v,n.), Eaining gently ; thin
rain.

a o^^k tushdsk, Rheum, defluxion,

a et~ii tasht (for P. m-t*), A large basin,
ewer, cup, bo w\ ; — tashti atish ba-sar ddrad,
He asks pardon for a crime, <fcc. (it having
been the custom for a petitioner for mercy
to stand with a chafing dish on his head) ; —
tashti zar, A golden dish ; the sun ; — tashti
wrrin, A golden bowl, goblet ; — tashti
niff&n (inverted bowl) Sky. (For other
combinations and phrases see o-So , p. 302.)

a jta e^Ak tasht-ddr, (ewer-holder) The
servant who pours water on the hands
when washing.

a AJU.jU e-~£J= tasht-ddr khdna, A. butler's
pantry.

a fi~t &> taihtgar, A maker of basins; name
of a musician.

a&>Vi-jvs~iJe tasht-u-Jth&yu, (basin and egg)
The filling of an egg-shell with a fluid (in
Persian shab-nam, Dew), and placing it in
a basin exposed to the sun ; when the basin
becomes heated, the egg-shell ascends and
flies in the air like a balloon (a kind of
philosophical toy) ; heaven and earth ; as-
tronomy ; magic.

a u~>-£-!= tashish, Gentle rain.

A pWU ta'dm (v.n. of ,**!»), Eating, tast-
ing ; a meal; wheat; meat, viands, vic-
tuals ; food, refreshment ; water ; the water
of the well Zamzam ; — ta'dmi 'arusi, A wed-
ding-feast ; — ta'dmi tndiam, A funeral ban-
quet ;— ba'da 't-ta'dm al-lcaldm, After meal
conversation.

a u*-*: ta'am-bak]±sh, A ladle.

ft p«k ta'dm-taldsh, A sponger.

a ta'dn (v.n. of y-«t), Spearing;

speaking ill, defamation.

a ta'dna, A slanderer, censurer,

caviller.

a^ ta'r (v.n.), Marrying; bringing to
justice by compulsion,

a J*t ta'l (v.n.), Piercing, stabbing; re-
viling or taunting one on account of his
descent.

a ta'm, tu'm (v.n.), Eating, tasting;
being satiated ; appetite ; taste, flavour (of
food and drink) ; — tu'm, Food, eatables ;
— ta'im. An eater, drinker ; one who eats
elegantly, or hunts after delicacies ; — tu'am
(pi. of tu'mat), Eatables, viands ; dinners ;
gain .^profit.

A ti'mat, Manner of eating or drink-
ing ; — tu'mat, tn'ma, Meat, food, fodder,
forage ; a meal ; dinner ; a bait, lure.

A f.a'n (v.n.), Piercing with a spear;
chiding, reviling, reproaching, finding fault
with ; blame ; accusation • cursing ; pene-
trating into, or crossing, a desert ; travel-
ling all night ; giving the rein (to a horse) ;
— tu'n (pi. of ta'm), Speared.

ayt?A ta'n-dniez, Mixed with reproach.

a <u*L ta'nat, One blow (with spear or
tongue) ; contumely, reproach, ignouiiny j
gibe, taunt, sarcasm ; — kkdma'i siyah-zabdn,
n named ta'na-zandn, Pens having sable
tongues, and letters which strike with re-
proach.

a <vjj <k*k ta'na-mn, Reproaching, vilify-
ing ; a reviler, taunter, scoffer.

a ta'na-zam, Reproaching, taunt-

ing, reviling, &e.

a tu'Ttm (pi. of ta'm), Tastes, fla-
vours.

A t^**I= fa' in, Pierced with a spear; re-
viled, reproached ; afflicted with pestilence
(td'iin).

tag&dr,A provision-bag (see _^*»).

yUt tighdn, A pan, a dish.

a taahr (v.n.), Bushing, coming down
upon ; thrusting, pushing away ; — tu gh ar,
Name of a bird.

tyk tugkrd, The imperial signature ; the
royal titles prefixed to letters, diplomas, or
other public deeds, which are generally
written in a fine ornamented hand ; a sort
of writing ; piece (in speaking of a number
of letters), as chahdr twthrd maktftb, Four
letters.

a y^ts tigjvrdn (pi. of luyJkar), Birds
called twjhar.

fughrd'i, Expert in writing the
Toghra character; name of the author of
an admired Arabic poem, which has been
translated into Latin by Pocock under the
title of " Carmen Tograi," and into English
verse by Carlyle.

a y-y*^ fighxis, Milk of pleasant taste
and easy tr> digest (see u*/k),

Jyit /uahril. Name of a king of the Sel-
jukian dynasty ; — tughral, A kind of fal-
con.

tughr'i, A kind of falcon for hunting
(perhaps misreading for the preceding).

( 816 )

*sUt> taghak, A tree like a cypress or
pine.

A tagham, The sea ; a mass of water.

A fAg&n, Death and captivity (ap-
parently misreading for q.v.)

A tughwdn, = yU*L q.y.

A J5j*t tughtod, Rebellion, disobedience ;
insolence ; [mu'ini taqtcd u mani'i taghwd,
The assister of piety, and repeller of wick-
edness;] — tugliwd. An exceeding of bounds
in 'wickedness ; insolence.

A tughyan. tighydn (v.n. of

Being very rebellious, exceeding bounds
in wickedness ; rebellion, sedition, per-
verseness, insolence ; disobedience ; — tugh-
yan mdan (Jmrdan), To rebel, to trans-
gress ; — ahli tuylydn, Rebellious ; rebels
ba zumra'i tug&ydn, With a body of insur-
gents.

« <_s>W*k fugJs.yani, Excess, exorbitance ;
overflowing, inundation, flood, deluge.

a «-at. taff (v.n.), Filling (a measure or a
vessel) to the brim ; that which is heaped
above the measure ; also what remains in
it after the surplus is smoothed off; a side,
shore, coast ; name of a place near Kufah ;
the higher part of Mesopotamia, bordering
on Arabia and Chaldea.

a <-*VaL tafuf, tijtif, Darkness of the night ;
fulness to the brim ; what remains in the
measure after the surplus is smoothed off ;
— (nfaf, That which is heaped above the
measure ; — taffdf, Brimful ; sprightly,
swift (horse).

A J\aJp tafal, tufal, Dry clay ; — tifdl (pi.
of tafi), Young and tender (boys and
girls).

a SjlAt tuf&wat, Part (of spring) ; a halo
round the sun ; overflowing of a boiling
pot.

A e*k tafh (v.n.), Being full to over-
flowing, being brimful (a vessel).

a tafr (v.n.), Leaping, springing up-
ward ; a crupper.

a 8yi^ tflfrat, tafra, A leap, upward spring ;
— tafra zadan, To leap, to jump; to make
a pretence, to evade, to put off (m.c).

a <j"«y& tifris, Soft, easy, smooth.

a ^z-it tafe (v.n.), Lying with; — fa/as
(v.n.). Being dirty; filth, nastiness; —
tafia, Dirty, filthy.

a i_r-ftk tafsh, Concubitus ; filth, pollu-
tion.

q (jjjS-jAit tafshiqUn, Toxicum, with which
arrows are poisoned.

a i_*Vt*l» t.aftAf> A. coast, shore; the sides
(of a tree) .

A (3*1= tafy (v.n.), Being fixed to, or busy
in, anyplace; being near; beginning, set-
ting about anything which one means to
finish.

A Jit tafi (v.n.), Beginning to turn dark,
near sunset ; young arid tender (boy or girl) ;
— tifl, An infant, little boy ; the young of

wild beasts ; [tifl bardari masjid (ba-masjid)
afgandan, To expose a child;— tifli eUhal
roza, A child of forty days, i.e.'Adam ;—
tifl khv.nl (kMnin), The sun -—tifli ddbistm,
A school-boy ; (met.) an inexperienced per-
son ; one without dignity or authority ;—
tifl dar garlbdn andakhtan, To adopt a
child ; — tifl-ra az shir (pistan) buridan (az
sMr bdz girifta n ) ) To wean a child;— tifli
razdn, Wine ;— , tifli mban-dan, A child who
understands and remembers what his
teacher has once told him ; — tifli shash-
roza, The world and what is in it;— tifli
shash-mdha'i ra,z, Wine (because maturing
in six months) tifli shir (shir-Mwdr, sUr-
Mwdra), A sucking child;— tifli g&dziydn,
Beardless youths ; wandering monks ; —
tifli mashima'i razdn, Eed wine;— tifli
maktab, A school-boy, a tyro; a raw, in-
experienced person; — tifli hindu, The
pupil of the eye ;]— , tafal, The time from
'asr (which is the middle point between
the meridian and sunset) till sun-down;
the close of the evening ; the dawn ; dark-
ness,

a qM> tifl&n (P. pi. of tifl), Infants, chil-
dren ; — tifldni 'dish, Sparks of fire ;—tifldwi
ch.am.an, Young herbs and flowers.

a tifldna, Infantine ; childishly.

a <sUAL> tiflak (P. dim. of tifl), A little
child, a bairn, baby.

a o^SM. tiflagdn (pi. of tifla), Children.

a iiit, tafia, Cumine-seed ; — tifla, A child
(especially female).

a (jlit tifli, Infancy ; childishness.

a tifliyat, Childhood, infancy.

a y^t tafn, Death ; a prison ; durance.

a P&> tafiv, tyfuw (v.n.), Swimming,
floating, coming to the top of water ; ap-
pearing, springing (leaves upon a tree) ;
bounding, leaping (a doe) ; dying ; plung-
ing into business; — tvfid' (v.n. of ^°),
Being extinguished, going out (fire).

a tufuh (v.n. of e&), Being full to
overflowing.

a j^st tufur (v.n. of y>t=), Leaping, rear-
ing.

a jyst tufuq (v.n. of (J^ 8 ), Being fixed
in a place ; setting about anything which
one means to finish.

a u-yk tufas (v.n. of u*-^). Dying (a
horse) .

a Jyi tuful, Sunset ; (pi. of tafi) young
and tender (boys or girls).

a iJyit tufulat, ijyt tufiiliyat, Infancy,
childhood, boyhood ; — dar a'wdmi tufullyat,
In the years of childhood.

a tvfyat, A leaf of the dwarf palm-
tree ; also (in the dual) two black lines
resembling it on the back of a serpent; a
malignant serpent marked on the back
with two such lines.

a i_a*aL tafif, Little, deficient, incomplete.

a J s al» tafil, Muddy water remaining in a

( 817 ) wJA,

cistern or a pond ; name of a mountain
near Mecca; — tufail, Name of a poet of
Kiifah who used to go uninvited to wed-
ding-feasts (also called tufailu 'l-a'rds
('ard'is) ; hence any uninvited guest ; one
who accompanies a guest without being
invited himself; an intruder, parasite,
feast-hunter, trencher-fly.

a. tufaili, A parasite, an intruder ;
sponging, parasitical.

a 3^ taq, The sound made by the collision
or rattling of stones ; — Hq, Sound produced
by a frog jumping out of or into the water.

a jlak taqtaq (for P. <Ax£.y q.v., p. 316),
The noise made by the feet in running ;
also by the teeth in masticating ; a noise
in general.

Jt tul, A widow (probably from T. JjJ
or Jjfc).

a Jt tall (v.n.), (Dew) slightly moisten-
ing (the ground) ; drizzle, dew, mist ; beau-
tiful, charming (hair, water, night, &c.) ;
a lion ; a very old man, one stricken in
years; a carcass; scarcity of a camel's
milk; defrauding one of his right; being
shed unrevenged (blood) ; making void,
cancelling; driving (cattle) violently; —
till, A serpent; — full, Milk ; blood.

a St tila (for P. <U> tila, q.v.), Red gold ;
gold fringe or wire; — tila'i ja'fari, The
purest gold ; — tila'i dast-afshdr, Gold com-
pressible by the hand; — tila'i du-buti, A
gold coin with an image on each side (see
huti ashrafi under uw) ;— tila'i kushta, Gold
reduced to ashes (comp. nlmdbi kushta,
under sjW*-.) ; — tila u slm, Gold and silver.

a 'it fala', Anointed with saffron ;
smeared with pitch ; sick, diseased ; a fawn
just dropped; the young, especially of any
animal which parts the hoof ; — tila', Plea-
sure, delight, enjoyment.

a »St tila', Anything used in smearing
over, especially pitch ; ointment, liniment,
embrocation; must boiled down to one
half ; delicious wine ; a rope by which a
calf or lamb is tied to a stake ; [Hid' kar-
dan, To anoint, besmear, daub ;] — tula'
(tulld'), A pellicle, thin skin or film upon
blood ; — talld', Blood shed with impunity ;
— tulld', A pellicle upon blood; a scratch
which fetches blood ; blood.

a c»ST it tild-dldt, Gold vessels (m.c).

a St tild-bdf, A gold-embroiderer.

a &>St taldba, A scout, spy ; watch and
ward.

a tSt talah, A bad state (the reverse of

saldh) ; — tildh, The acacia.
a fi<± St tila-doz, An embroiderer with
gold.

a )U St tild-sdz, A goldsmith.
a )\£ Si tild-kdr, Anything wrought in
gold or made of gold.
a St tild-kob, A goldbeater.
a f~St taldsim (pi. of tilsam), Talismans.

a gSt tila', Fulness ; — talld.-, A man who
meditates and masters high things.

a jSi taldq (v.n. of ij$°), Being divorced
(a wife); divorce, repudiation; construed
with the verbs uftddan, badan, khwurdan,
dddan, giriftan, Ac. ; — taldqi bid'at, Irregu-
lar divorce ; — tildqi haaan, Laudable divorce;
— kitdbu 'f-talaq, A bill of divorcement.

a &>St taldqat (v.n. of i^^t), Being of an
open countenance ; eloquence, glibness of
tongue.

a j^t taldq-nama, A bill of divorce.
a <J>St taldqi, A person divorced, a
divorcee.

a jSt tildl (pi. of tall), Gentle rains,
drizzles.

a &&t taldlat (v.n. of Jt), Being pleasant,
agreeable ; joy ; gladness ; a beautiful,
handsome state, quality, form, or appear-
ance.

a Sj^t taldwat, Belay, expectation, wait-
ing for ; — taldwat, tildwat, tuldwat, Beauty,
grace, loveliness, elegance; joyousness ;
magic.

a gfSt tald'i' (pi. of tali'at, in P. *»St
taldya), Advanced guards; night-watch,
rounds of a patrol; — pildya, Liniment.

a "HiiSt tildydna, ,jtiL.tila\ Golden ; made
of gold ; covered with gold, gilt ; yellow.

a )ta &iSt taldya-ddr, A scout ; the leader
of an advanced guard, &c.

a s-Jt talb, (in Morocco) Learned, of
general information ; a priest ;—tilb, A
lover, suitor ; a woman sought after ; [tilbi
'ilm, A student ;] — talab (v.n.), Petitioning,
begging, requesting, seeking, desiring ;
petition, request ; inquiry, search, quest,
summons ; pay, wages, salary ; [talabi khi~
gdna, Demand of rent or revenue ; — talabi
dahhila, Demand of rent brought to ac-
count ; — talab dashtan (farmiidan, kardan,
namudan), To ask, request, demand ; to
seek, to look for; to call, to summon; —
du talab kardan, To undertake something
bold or grand; — mM'awancd talah kardan,
To ask help; — wadi'i talab, The valley of
search, i.e. the first degree of Sufic per-
fection ;] — talab, fullab (pi. of tdlib), In-
quirers, seekers ; — tulub (pi. of talub),
Inquisitors, inquirers.

C-lt tulb, A company of persons as-
sembled ; a collected army.

a oUt tulabd' (pi. of talib), Inquisitors.

a &>Wlt talbdna, Daily pay to constables,
paid by those whom they guard ; the fee
payable to a witness.

a i»it tilbat (v.n. of s-lt), Inquiring,
searching ; anything sought after ; a woman
sought after, a mistress ; — tulbat, A long
journey ; angels who register the acts of the
ser rants of God ; — talabat, talaba, A proper
name ; (pi. of tdlib) seekers, inquirers ;
students; — talibat, Anything sought after;
— tilabat (pi. of tilb), Lovers.

W-JJ* (

a, ^A^lt talab-dar, One who asks or in-
quires ; desirous ; one who receives pay ;
one addicted to drinking, smoking, &c.

a ^"^It talab-dan, Search, quest, in-
quiry.

aii^iAjJl talab-ddskt, Invitation; sum-
mons.

a ^V&jJi, talabgdr, Requiring, demanding ;
a purchaser.

a ^jlSLflt talabgdrl, A desiring, wishing.

a ^M, talab-ndma, Summons, cita-
tion.

a &*lt talaba (pi. of talib), Students.

a u*lt talahi. Requisite, demandable.

ft (3> V .-lt talabidcm, talbldan, To inquire,
search, call; to call for, summon into one's
presence ; — baz frlabidan (talbldan), To de-
mand back (see also under jl?, p. 144).

A ilt pallat, A wife ; delicious wine ; a
garden wet with dew ; affluence ; immodest
(woman); an old woman; — HUat (pi. of
talH), Mats ; — tullat, The neck ; a draught
of milk.

a ^-lt talk (v.n.), Being fatigued ; empty-
bellied ; a large thorn-tree, acacia ; palm-
flowers ; the banana or plantain-fruit; —
tilh, Fatigued (camel) ; — talah, Pain in a
camel's stomach from eating of the talh-
tree ; grace, favour ; name of a place.

a £*5t talhat, A single tree of the kind
talk ■ proper name of a man.

a yU-Mfclt falhistdn, A grove of acacias.

«w*Jt frlhand, A reputed king of Hindu-
stan.

a jUt tcdlch (v.n.), Blotting out writing ;
staining, polluting; muddy water; defile-
ment, filth.

a y-lk tala (v.n.), Erasing, defacing;
throwing into prison ; a black hood ; be-
coming lost (the sight) ; [tals Jtardan, To
cancel, expunge;] — tils, Old, ancient; red
inclining to black; the skin of a camel's
thigh bare of hair ; dirt of a garment ; a
wolf ; a book, a page.

a a— It tulsat, An ash-coloured satin.

a tilism, pilsam (G. reXta-pa), A talis-
man, or magical image, upon which, under
a certain horoscope, are engraved mystical
characters, as charms against enchantment
or fascination, or to prevent a treasure from
being discovered ; a secret mechanism ; a
fetter ; construed with bastan, shikastan,
gvshadan, &c.

A vcjU_.Lt tilismdl (pi. of the preceding),
Talismans, spells, &c.

a ^U-Jt tilismati, Talismanic ; magical ;
mysterious, mystical.

a — It tilismi, = ^y^*— Ik q.v.

a jit tal', The spathe of a palm-tree, in
which the fruit is enclosed ; also the buds,
flowers, and incipient fruit ; quantity, num-
ber, measure ; — tal', til 1 , A high place
whence anything is viewed; a tract of
country; — til', Long (a serpent); sight,

818 )

view, inspection ; becoming aware of ; ar-
cana of any business ; level ground ; full
of hills (tract of country).

a **lt tal' at, Aspect, face, countenance ;
appearance ; — tula'at, A mind that con-
siders anything attentively ; inclined to
love; a woman who now peeps out and
anon withdraws.

a i-4lt falf, talaf (v.n.), Being shed with
impunity (Mood) ; — talaf, A gift, present ;
anything easy, agreeable, or excellent;
much, excess.

A *V4Lt talfan, talafan, Gratis ; with im-
punity.

A (jit talq (v.n.), Travelling night and
day to water ; feeling the pangs of child-
birth ; a fawn; a hunting dog; free, un-
fettered (camel) ; [talqi rawdn. Wine ;] —
talq, tilq, Talc, a translucent mineral, which
is said, when rubbed upon anything, to
render it fire-proof, and, in a dissolved state,
to be an elixir as powerful as the philo-
sopher's stone, whence the proverb : man
Jialla 't-talqa'staghna 'ana'l-khalq, He who
has dissolved the talq is independent of all
creatures; — tilq, Free, clear, quit, lawful;
an intestine ; a camel's pack-saddle ; a
milky plant which is poisonous, or one
which is used for dyeing (tythimallus) ; a
share, portion ; one heat at a horse-race ; —
fulq, Open of countenance ; free of fetters ;
— falaq (v.n), Going to a distance; one
heat at a horse-race ; a leathern foot-band
for a camel ; a nocturnal journey to a
watering-place two nights distant ; a share,
portion ; [talaqu 'l-lisdn, Glib-tongued, elo-
quent, speaking with fluency ; — talaqu 'l-
wajh, Of an open countenance ; cheerful,
smiling; — talaqu 'l-yadain, Open-handed;]
— taliq, Of an opeB countenance, smiling;
eloquent; — tulaq, tuluq, Free, unchained;
liberal, open-handed ; eloquent.

A i£— ■ talqat, Temperate (night) ; one
divorce ; — tulaqat, One who frequently di-
vorces his wives.

a Jit pedal, A body, figure, substance ;
remains or ruins of a house ; — tilal (pi. of
t,all), Gentle rains, drizzles ; — tulal (pi. of
tullai), Necks ; draughts of milk; — tidul
(pi. of frill), Mats.

a f$°talm (v.n.), Kneading dough, making
it ready for baking; — tulm, A table or
dresser on which dough is kneaded or bread
spread out ; — talam, Foulness of the mouth
from neglect in cleansing the teeth,

^i-jkl't tulumbafi, A fireman (m,e.).

a yt (alw, A fawn just dropped ; — tilw,
Contracted, slender in the body ; a wolf.

a »\jlt tulawa', Delay ; expectation.

a £jlt tula' (v.n. of jit), Rising (as the
sun or star) ; ascending (a mountain) ; ap-
pearing, growing (the teeth) ; arriving,
happening, approaching ; budding (flowers
of palm-trees, Ac.) ; being absent, going

( 819

away ; knowing, viewing, considering ; sun-
rise ; rising or ascendency of a star ; con-
strued with the verbs bar-khdstan, kardan,
Six.; — tulu'i kaukabi sultan muhammad,
The ascendant of the star of Sultan Mu-
hammad.

a t)J*cjU» tulu'idan, To rise, to ascend.
a J^lt tula (pi. of tulyat), Necks.
a s-^Jt talib, Inquiring, inquirer ; stu-
dious, a student.

tulyat,' The neck ; the base of the

neck.

talis a, A kind of oyster.

A.£*jJjB tall'at, tali'a, The vanguard, picket,
advanced post ; a spy, scout (see gi&>, >k^).

A (Jfc*k tatiq, Open (of countenance) ;
eloquent.

a J<1A> talil, Sweet ; (blood) shed with
impunity ; a mat made of palm-leaves or
of the bark of the palm.

a tamm (v.n,), Abounding (water) ;
filling (a vessel) ; walling a well with stones ;
cutting (the hair) ; curling it; perching on
a tree (a bird) ; running rapidly ; — timm,
Water ; rubbish thrown out by water ; the
sea; a vast number; ingenious, shrewd;
admiration ; what excites admiration ; a
marvellous thing ; a swift male ostrich.
<Sto.Ut tamacha, — 4=?Ut q.v.
a jUt tamdr (v.n. of y*^), Leaping (a
horse), hopping (a crow) ; an elevated spot ;
misfortune.

A tp/mma', Wishful, covetous, greedy.
a teUSo tamd'at, A wishing greedily.
iU-'Ut tamdncha, A slap, blow ; pistol.
a i^'Ulp tumn'riinai, Rest, repose, tran-
quillity, quiet, serenity of mind.

a tarns, tims (v.n.), Deflowering (a
woman) ; sensual intercourse, connexion
(m.c.) ; being menstruous ; the courses ;
being dirty ; dirt, filth.

a f-tle farnkh (v.n.), Being proud, tossing
the nose from pride or fastidiousness.

A^tamr (v.n.), Springing, leaping (a
horse), hopping (a crow), jumping up and
down ; hiding, burying under the ground j
swelling (a wound) ; filling (a cellar or sub-
terraneous store-house) ; — timr, A tattered
garment; a worn-out cloak (not of wool) ;
— tamar (v.n.), Swelling (the hand) ; —
tummar, Root, origin, cause ; youthful in-
experience and ignorance; — timirr, A steed,
high-bred and swift ; a horse compactly
built.

\y*l° tamra, The plant called Palma
Christi.

a u-j*^ timris, (j*)j**> tumrus, A low, base,
lying fellow.

a <j~+k tarns (v.n.), Erasing, defacing,
obliterating, destroying, extirpating, eradi-
cating ; looking at a distance ; withdrawing
to a distance ; destroying, annihilating.

a f^W* tamtam, The middle of the sea.

) ^

jV**k tumturdq, Magnificence, pomp,
great attendance, grandeur ; awe, fear.

a j»l=*k timtim, p'mtimi, (jSUWU

tumtwmdni, Stuttering in speech, unintelli
gible.

a Ifr t V tamtamat (v.n. of ,*W»), Talking
barbarously and unintelligibly.

£*t tarn', tama' (v.n.), Coveting, de-
siring ; desire, greediness ; hope ; — [tarn 1
an jan buridwn, To give up hope of life ;
— tam'i Tslidm, Vain expectation; — tarn'
dadan, To seduce by promises, to bring
over to one's own party ; (also construed
with the verbs bar-ddshtan, baetan, kardan
and gu8istan)f\ — tama', A soldier's pay;
also the time when paid; — tami', tamu',
Greedy, eager.

« <_s* J £*k (am' dihi, Exciting desire or
cupidity ; incitement, inducement ; allure-
ment, lure, bait.

a tam'-kdr, tarn' -gar, Greedy,

covetous ; gluttonous ; avaricious ; inter-
ested, ambitious.

a (_ffjVS«*L tam'-kdrl (oj^ g^ri), Oovetous-
ness, avarice, greed.

t U*W tamgM.d, &±*]e tamgka,, A mark im-
pressed by burning on the king's horses;
also on false witnesses ; the standard mark
of gold or silver ; a royal edict ; a diploma ;
toll for transit of goods ; a grant of land in
perpetuity (i,oe U*;, p. 325).

gU*t> tamc[&dj, A country in Turkistan.
iuU. gU+L tamahaj-khana. Name of the
king of Samarqaud ; according to others of
the king of Tibet and. Yaghma..

a J*k taml (v.n.), Rolling out a mass of
leaven; making (anything) broad and even ;
weaving a mat, putting threads into it;
dyeing deep (a garment) ; being blood-
stained ; being stained with oil, grease,
pitch, &c. ; — Hml, A villain, daring rascal,
scoundrel ; a robber ; ignoble, mean, worth-
less ; foolish, stupid ; muddy water ; a
garment dyed with a deep full colour; a
black cloak or wrapper; anything black;
a necklace or collar ; a darkish-coloured
wolf, or a bald wolf slily stealing along.
A tr*^ tamn, Quiet, quiescent,
"i^*^ tamancfia, A pistol, &c. (see 4»?U1»).
a tamvo (?), tumuw (v.n. of j*Se),

Raising oneself; being filled (a channel) ;
swelling (the sea); growing tall (a plant).

A tf*b tumuh (v.n. of ^♦t), Lifting up the
eyes towards any object ; being lifted.

tumiir (v.n. of j*^), Springing, leap-
ing (a horse) ; hopping (a magpie) ; tra-
velling by land; passing by.

a <j»y^ tumus, A being obliterated, de-
faced ; defacing, obliterating.

a tumum (v.n. of Plaiting (the
hair) ; filling (a vessel) ; abounding, over-
flowing (water).

tum.un (pi. of tamn), Quiet, qui-
escent.

«ut ( 820 ) 1>

4*1= tama, Account of revenues estimated
by measurement of the lands and a regular
rent-roll.

a lmS *S°tamy (v.n.), Passing rapidly by (as
a horse) ; being high (water, mind, or de-
sign) ; being full (the sea) ; growing tall
(a plant).

a tamis, Blind, blinded ; going

blind.

a Je+t tamtl, Bloody (arrow) ; hidden,
concealed ; a kid ; a mat ; mud at the bot-
tom of a well ; a broad arrow or spear-head ;
a necklace ; — pintail. Stripped of clothes.

a f*4*ip tamtm (v.n. of p*), Running with
rapidity.

A u**A> timmin, Name of a city in Rum.

a tann (v.n.), Making (a basin) ring;
making a noise, ringing; dying; — tann (?),
finn, A fresh and sweet date ; — tunn, The
human body, body in general ; a truss, or
what a horse carries on the top between
two loads ; a bundle of reeds ; a faggot of
fire-wood.

a <^\£> tanab, tindb, A tent-rope ; a
scaling-ladder ; a springe ; a long rope used
in measuring land ; — tanab anddJcktan, To
strangle, to bow-string; — tanab andar tanab,
Close together, as close as possible ; — tanab
ihwurdan, To be measured ;- — tanabi subh,
Morning rays, beams ; — tanabi quruq, A
rope stretched round a king's tent to pre-
vent the common people from approaching
it ; — (andb nihddan, To measure (with a
rope) ; the word is also construed with the
verbs tattdan, Icashidan, gusistan, guseJchtan,
Ac.

a ujUt tindbl, = <_5<-»k q.v. ; — tinabi shu-
dan, To be measured or traced out by a
line.

A_jUt tanndz, Facetious, ludicrous, spor-
tive, jocund, mirthful ; sarcastic, satirical,
derisive ; saucy, coquettish (m.c).

a ts^-i tanndxi, Playfulness, jocoseness ;
raillery, ridicule.

A s~ik tanab, A bend in a spear; length
of the legs with looseness, length of the
back (blemishes in a horse) ; — tunub, A
tent-rope ; a tent-peg ; a thong which con-
nects a bow-string with the horns of a bow ;
the cord of a curtain ; root of a tree ;
tendon ; — pxnubu 'l-itnab, Bombast, hyper-
bolic style.

a timbdr, = q.v. (unsupported
by examples).

a XfiSs tambaz, Name of a village in Egypt

a ... tambaea, A carpet (see *J=).

u£**J> tumbak, A bagpipe ; a trumpet,
clarion.

J*-& tambal, A small drum.

A J*ji> (arribul, Name of a village in
Egypt.

a pimbur (from P. «,} dumba-
barra), A kind of lute or guitar with a long
neck.

« o'ly-^ pimbHrdnl, A guitar-player.
a tambura, A kind of mandolin.
A tambul, Name of a village in

Egypt.

a ( _5-J' tanabi, tamM, An open-fronted
summer-room, a parlour or dining-room,

a tannat, tanna, A tinkling noise ; — ■
tunnat, pinna, A faggot of fire-wood.

A tanjat, tanja, Tangiers in Africa.

A tanjanat (v.n. of (j^jJs), Cooking

meat in a pan (see t^^A*).

A j-^-J= tinjlr, A cauldron, a kettle, or a
copper saucepan for cooking sweetmeats in.

A juA> tinkji, A part of the night.

<v,U^,lj^k tunkharistan. Name of a country.

AyJ= tarn (v.n.), Holding up to ridicule,
bantering ; — tanz zadan (kardan), To calum-
niate, banter, ridicule.

A "\y^ tanz-an, In joke ; jeeringly, ironi-
cally, &o.

A iiit tantanat (v.n. of <j»&), Sound,
resounding, re-echoing of musical instru-
ments ; the murmuring of water ; noise,
hubbub ; pride, pomp, vanity ; imperious-
ness, domineering airs ; construed with
zadan.

A tanaf (v.n.), Being suspicious; —
tanf, tanaf, tunf, pinuf, The projection of a
mountain ; a promontory, peak ; the coping
of a wall, a projected slab, or pent over a
door ; — tanaf, Thongs of red leather over
boxes ; suspicion ; — tanif, A little eater.

a tinfia, Deformed, hideous, ugly,

bad.

a &-4aL tanfaeat (v.n. of y-AiL), Becoming
vicious, corrupt, and wicked, after having
been good ;—~tanfasat, tanflsat, tanfueat, tin-
fasat, tinfisat, tunfusat, A carpet or rug
with a shaggy pile ; mats of palm-leaves,
about a cubit in breadth ; garments,

A tamo, A bed, carpet, or cushion; —
tunw, Debauchery, wickedness.

a tanidan, To tingle (the ear).

A y.sJ» tanin (v.n. of ££), Tingling (in
the ear) ; din, hum, buzz; a tinkling noise,
the ringing of a basin, &c. ; — tanini zubdb,
The buzzing of flies.

A e>=-\jk tawdkin (pi. of tahinat), Back
teeth, grinders, molars.

a j^jlo tawdr, Anything situated on a
border or opposite another ; — tawdr, fiwdr,
The length and breadth of a house ; the
area, the court; — tv/wdr, Edge, limit, border ;
quantity.

A •J^jk tawarif, Eyes ; those parts of a
tent which are lifted up in order that the
inhabitants may look out.

A (3j\jk tawdriq (pi. of tdriqaf). Female
augurs, diviners, soothsayers, necromancers;
calamities; dangers, accidents (of the
night).

f&wdra, Name of a poisonous herb.
a fawtiri, Passing events, perishable
things.

»> (

ft}^> t tuwdridan, To water (doubtful
word, should perhaps read g^tj^ as a de-
rivative of Sj\jt, Freshness).

A wty fawds, One of the three last nights
of a lunar month ; a drinking vessel ; name
of a place.

tiwasi, A kind of carpet (see ^V)-

a tawagim (more correctly zawatv,

tflglm), Certain suras in the Qur'an.

A tawdshl, Eunuchs.

a tauwaaM, A eunuch.

a Wjk tuwat, Strenuous, intrepid.

a Ji> tawa'iyat, Obedience ; service.

A t^fy 5 tawd'm (pi. of td'un), Pestilen-
tial diseases, plagues.

A <_s^jk tawagte, twvidgMi (pi. of

tdghut), Idols.

a <J\yt> tawdf (v.n. of <-*^»), Q-oing round,
making a procession, circumambulating
(especially the Ka'bah, or the tomb of a
pious person) ; construed with the verbs
ddshtan, zadan, kardan, &c. ; [tawafi baiti
'lldhi 'l-hardm, The procession round the
temple of Mecca, to be performed seven
timeB, the three first in a quick, the four
last in a grave pace ;] — tauw&f, One who
joins in the sacred procession at Mecca
or in other places ; — tawwdfi sarkash, One
who carries fruit about to sell ; the night-
patrol ; a thief, robber.

J\>k tawdl, The term of life ; absence ;
length, duration; — tiwdl (pi. of tawll,
tuwal), Long ; — tuwdl, Long; — tuwdl, Very
long.

a u>i\£> taivdlat, Prolonging ; length, pro-
tractedness ; prolixity.

A fi^ tflwali' (pi. of tali'), Horoscopes.

a c^jk tav)a'ih, Adverse, harassing acci-
dents.

a t-&>\jl= tawaif (pi. of to,' if at), Peoples,
tribes, nations; troops, bands; a dancing
girl ; — tawd'ifi tujjdr. Merchants, traders ;
tawd'ifi 7iisd', Different kinds of women ; —
muluku 't-tawd'if, The kings of those pro-
vinces into which the empire of Sikandar
was broken up.

A v>_)k tub, A brick, a tile (in Egypt).

a Jj»jt tuba, Good, excellent ; better, best
(fern, of atyab) ; things lawful or excellent
(pi. of taiyibat) ; name of a tree in para-
dise ; — tuba-lea, How happy thou art !
bravo ! well done ! — tuba la-hum, Hail, or
happiness, to them !

a ui~»U ^jjlp tfibd-qdmat, (_s»^ tuba-qad,
With a stature lofty as the Tuba-tree.

T top, A cannon, piece of ordnance.

t es^yk topchl, A cannonier, artilleryman.

t 10 top-Jchdna, An arsenal ; artillery.

1 tppm (j)^)^), -A- m ace of arms, a club
(u-e)\y= tawable, which occurs in Ibn Ba-
tuta, seems to be an Arabic plural of this
word) ; compare also Ar. dabbus, pi.

dababls).

t /)k tidu, An hostage.

821 ) L,t

a tauh (v.n.), Perishing, or being in
imminent danger; falling; wandering
about ; being giddy, bewildered ; — tawah,
A distant aim, remote design.

a 6jk tavJch (v.n.), Harassing (one) with
opprobrious words or injurious acts ; sus-
pecting ; — tukh, Name of fourteen different
places.

a J^t faud (v.n.), Being firm, immove-
able ; a large mountain ; a high sand-hill ;
name of a mountain near Mecca ; — ibnu 't-
tud, A huge rock, a boulder- stone.

fur, A net, a fishing-net (tn.c,
see ;/).

a taur (v.n.), Going round, wheeling
about, skimming in circles ; mode, manner ;
condition, state; action; quantity, measure;
limit, boundary, whatever separates two
objects, partition ; time, turn ; \_taur u
haraJcat, Action and motion;] — fur, A
mountain, especially mount Sinai; — turi
zlbd, Name of a mountain at Jerusalem ; — ■
turi rnusd, Sinai ; — turi hdrun, Mount Hor,
the place of Aaron's death; — jabali fur,
Sinai.

jl£ tor, Wild, terrified.

furddn, A strong horse, mule, or

camel.

u^y**"^ tursiqus, Name of a certain in-
dividual, a Christian monk or doctor.

^Jjk turak, Name of a general of Zahhak.
t furna, A crane (see

tori, Fear, dread, terror, horror;
savageness, wildness.

a (jjyk taure, A mode, manner ; in a way,
in a fashion; — taure hi, In such a manner
that, so that (m.c.).

fj+fefus, Name of a great Iranian general,
a son of King Nauzar ; name of a city in
Khurasan.

a fjH^e taus (v.n.), Being of a fair counte-
nance ; freshness and clearness of the face
after sickness ; the moon ; trampling ;—
tu», Continuation, duration, perpetuity ; a
medicine which assists the memory.
fusak, A kind of thorn.
a fusi, Native of the city of Tus,

especially applied to Firdausi.
a taush, Levity of mind.
a kjL. tut (v.n.), Being libidinous and
noisy (a stallion) ; long, tall ; small ;
quarrelsome ; cotton ; a sparrow-hawk ; a
serpent ; a bat ; the funnel or chimney of
a bath.

(j~j>j£\ tutdq agAriyus (yjJ;^

aghriyun). Wild sorrel.

utUpjt tutak, A little parrot ; a paroquet ;
a musical instrument, a pipe, flageolet.

tati, A parrot ; — tutl'i pas dyina, A
person sitting behind a mirror, who teaches
a parrot to talk, by making hira believe
that it is his own likeness seen in the
mirror which produces the words ; — tiiti'i
$dhib-galdm.at-gu, A parrot who has learnt

t> ( 822 )

to say sahib salamat ; — tiiti'i sahra, Verdure
(literally parrot) of the plain.

ji o^x" tM?-V a ' r > Parrot-winged, swift as
a parrot (said of a horse).

a 5=*- t^ejt tuti-khat. A youth with an in-
cipient beard.

a Jls* ,Je<P° tHU-maqal, Eloquent, a fluent
talker.

<J°£ tuti- n ti ma > Parrot-tales (a book) .
«£ty \J°;h tuti-naway, Parrot-voiced ; elo-
quent.

jl } JpjIp tutiwdr, Parrot-like ; eloquent.

tsA> tutiwdri, Parrstry ; habits of

parrots ; imitation of parrots.

a. gjt> to' (v.n.), Obeying, complying
with, humouring ; affording plenty of pas-
ture ; obedience, voluntary submission ;
easy, gentle, obedient ; — tau'u 'l-'inan, Obe-
dient to the rein (a horse).

A "Ifcjk tau'-an, Obsequiously, willingly.

O^jk tfigkan, A royal falcon.

a >_>j!d fauf (v.n.), Going round, circum-
ambulating; the procession round the
Ka'bah ; pilgrimage ; visiting one's wives
ill succession ; inflated leathern bottles with
which rafts are floated or swimmers as-
sisted ; human excrement ; going to the
privy j — tuf, Yi ool of a sheep's neck ; nape
of the neck.

<-ijl» tuf, A decrepit, doting old woman.

a. tuf an, A flood, a universal deluge ;
storm, tempest, hurricane, tornado ; sudden
death ; killing ; torment, punishment ;
construed with the verbs bdrldan, raftan,
mdan, giriftan, &c. ; [tuf an kardan, To
undertake something great ;] — tawafan
(v.n. of <Jjk), Going round, circum-ambu-
lating.

a <4>^ 63^^° twfdn-tiraM, Deluge-making.

a u"^ji^ D tufaryus, Name of a plant.

a L 5 i ^jl» tuf am, Stormy ; quarrelsome.

a jjt tauq (v.n.), Being able, equal to, a
match for, or having the power ; power,
ability, capacity ; a necklace; chain, collar ;
a bird's ruff ; a ring, a circle round any-
thing •, the pillory ; — taxiq hurdan, To carry
off a suspended ring with the lance ; (met.)
to surpass ; — tauqi bahdr, The rainbow ; —
t.awqi zanjir, Irons, manacles ; — tauqi tdqat,
A valuable chain, such as the servants of
great men or officials wear round the neck ;
— tauqi 'ambar {'ambarina), The sprouting
beard ; — tauqi mdh, A halo round the
moon ; — tauqi nuqra, A necklace of gold
and silver with which children are adorned.

T vijk toq, A flag, an ensign (see £jk).

a tauq-bdz, "Who plays with ring-

lets or chains (applied to the neck of a
mistress).

a ^^ih t.oMq-dar, Collared; pilloried;
prisoner ; a youth whose beard begins to
appear; lunar.

a Jjt taul (v.n.), Conferring favours,
benefiting ; excelling in goodness and libe-

rality ; excellence, power, riches ; duration
of life ; — tul (v.n,), Being long, of long
duration, tall, extensive ; exceeding in
length ; length ; longitude ; [tula 'd-dahri,
At no time, never ; — tuli harf (sukhun,
lealdm), Verbosity, prolixity (construed
with dldan) ; — tul daahtan, To last, to take
time (m.c.) ; — tuli zamdii, Length of time ;]
— tawal, Length of the upper lip hanging
over the under one (especially in camels) ;
— tiwal, Duration of life, age ; a long rope
with which pasturing cattle are tethered ;
— tuwal, Duration of life, age ; absence ;
(pi. of tula) longer, taller (things) ; high
stations ; the seven long chapters of the
Qur'an ; — tuwal, A certain long-legged
water-fowl.

A tid-an, In length, lengthwise.

a o^jk tultini, Long ; lofty ; loud.

* tul-tawil. Very long ; prolix,

diffuse.

a. &*+Jj!s. tuluTnba, A hydraulic musical in-
strument ; a trumpet; a pump, a syphon.

t tohna-baghcha, Dolma-Bagcha

(m.c).

4jj!= taula, A stable or stall for horses ; a
set of horses, of six or eight, exactly
matched ; a long rope or tether ; a kind of
trick-track or draughts ; — taula'i shikari, A
stud of hunters (m.c).

a tuli, Of or relating to length ; long,
tall ; length ; — tuli ddehtan y To be long; to
exceed in length.

a (jjjjiJjL tiiUdun, Fox-grapes, night-
shade.

A ^—^>t.um,dr, A book, volume, long roll;
a kind of writing; household accounts; —
ttlmdri tasarruf(ivdsildt), An account- book ;
— tumdri jam', A rent-roll (see
p. "371).

a (j~if tumar-nawis, An accountant.

g (j-L-i^L tunuslus, The bog-rush.

a toy, A feast, festival (see

a ^gjt tawd (v.n.), Suffering hunger, fast-
ing involuntarily ; hunger ; — tawi, One who
abstains from food ; — tuvia, Hwd, Name of
a valley in Syria, also called wddi'i aiman,
and ivddi'i muqaddas.

a hj* tawiyat, Purpose, design, intention,
mind, heart, thought ; a secret ; a well
built of stones.

a tuwaia (dim. of f&'ue), A small

peacock ; name of a certain catamite and
singer, originally called td'us until the
characteristics of a catamite were noticed
in hiui, when hia name was changed into
tuwais ; living in Madinah, he used to say
to his fellow-townsmen, "As long as I am
amongst you, be afraid of the appearance
of the Antichrist {dajjdT), while after my
death you need not fear that calamity ; for
there is no one more ill-omened than me,
the son of a woman accursed for having
spread slanders amongst the wives of the

( 823 )

Ansare, since my birth coincided with the
death of the Prophet, and every important
period of my life with the death or assassi-
nation of one of his four successors."
According 1 to the Qamus bis real name was
Abu 'Abdu 'n-ni'ani, according to the
Surah, 'Abdu 'n-ni'am, the latter statement
tallying with some verses ascribed to him.

a Jijk tawil, Long, tall ; prolix ; name of

a metre (fa'ulun mafa'ilun \ 1 1

>—< | four times repeated) ; (in

P.) name of one of the seven games at
nard ; — tawllu 'z-zail, A robe "with a loug
train, a garment with long skirts ; — eamani
(muddati) taivxl, A long space of time ; —
'umri tawil, A long life.

a Sljjk tmvllat, tatvlla, long ; a tether ; a
stable ; a string of pearls ; — tawlla blrun
zadan, To appear, to come forth ; — -tawlWi
ihar, A string or herd of asses ; — tawlla! i
durr, A string of pearls. The word is also
construed with the verbs bastan,firo bastan,
nihddan, &c.

tab, Tea (little used).

a 4>^t tah&rat (v.n. of y^), Being pure,
clean, holy ; purity, cleanness ; sanctity.

a uajlet taharat-jay, ^jW" tahdraf-
khana, A privy.

a taharat-nama, A treatise on

cleanliness, or corporeal and mental purity.

a tahaf, A high cloud.

a jtjc- tahr (v.n.), Placing at a distance
tuhr (v.n.), Being clean; cleanliness, purity;
— tahir, Clean, pure.

tahrdn, Teheran, the capital of

Persia.

A yVdk (ihrdn, Name of a village near
Isfahan, also of one near Raiy ; — tuhrdn,
Clean, pure,

a tahsh, Confusion ; the spoiling of
anything commenced by oneself or an-
other.

a t-A^jt tahf, Millet ; according to others
bread made from millet ; — tahf, tahaf, A
kind of grass, slender and weak, bearing a
grain which is eaten in seasons of scarcity ;
— tihf, A piece or portion of anything.

a lW" tahl, Fetid (water); — tahal (v.n.),
Being fetid, corrupted (water).

sy^° tihllzaj, Bitter herbs which the
Jews used to eat at the passover.

s~»W-vk tab-mash, Name of a king of
Persia.

a J*^ tahmal, Anything which, when
felt, has no thickness about it ; corpulent
and ugly-shaped ; slender, delicate (wo-
man).

ȣ>jj*4> tahmuras, The third of the Persian
kings of the Peshdadian dynasty, and the
supposed founder of Babylon, Nineveh, and
Isfahan (about 830 a.c).

a j-fck tahw, tuhuw (v.n.), Dressing,
roasting (meat) ; performing, executing ;
travelling.

A )W* tuh-lr (v.n. of rvt), Purifying, clean-
ing ; purification, ablution ; a purifier ; that
by which anything is purified or cleansed.

A ,J° taiy, in P. mostly tai (v.n. of ^jk),
Folding up; travelling-, passing by, through,
or beyond ; crossing ; intention ; place of
destination ; a poetical license consisting
in the elimination of the fourth quiescent
letter of mustaf'ilun and maf'ulat, whereby

w — becomes — ' ■— ^ — , and

becomes — ^ — ; name of an Arabian
tribe ; — tai shudan, To be folded ; to be
traversed, to be got over (iourney) ; — tai
Jcardan, To cross, to travel over; to fold.

o tayd, Sal ammoniac (= ^LCj 1- v -)-

AjU» tiydr (v.n. 3 of j-k), Making fly,
putting in rapid motion; — taiy&r, Flying;
rising, leaping (a wave); quicksilver; a
winged animal; ready, prepared (see_jt*»,
p. 340) ; surname of ja'far bin Abu Tillib.

a faiydrdt (pi. of the following),

Fast-sailing vessels; parts or portions of
water, waves, billows.

A S)LJ» taiydrat, taiydra, A kind of fast-
sailing vessel ; a fleet steed.

a taiydrl, Readiness, preparation

(see tsjl*>).

a W* 1 ^ taiyash, Inconstant, light, vain,
fickle, incapable of steady application to
one pursuit.

a <_*l,(l= tiydf, The nightmare.

O^ 1 taydn, Wild jasmine.

a yWt, taiydn, A starved person, one who
eats nothing ; one who prepares or mixes
up plaster, mortar, or clay {tin) ; a plas-
terer.

a tib (v.n.), Being good and lawful j
being sweet and delicate ; being favourable
(wind); — fib, Delieiousness ; odour, per-
fume ; an aromatic, unguent, essence ; the
best part of anything ; [bi-tlbi nafsl, "With
a willing mind ;] — taiyib, Good, excellent ;
sweet, agreeable, delicious ; legal, lawful ;
name of a son of Muhammad.

a tuL-iL taiyibat (pi. of taiyibat), Good,
excellent works, pious fcrandations ; delights.

a ifst taibat, Madina ; — tjbat (v.n. of <-r~-t=),
Being good, lawful ; being sweet, delicious ;
a lawful thing ; the purest wine ; the well
Zamzam; jest, merry humour; — taiyibat
(fern, of taiyib), Good ; a name of the city
of Madinah.

a £-5= taiyat, Intent, design ; — tlyat, A
mode of folding or wrapping up (of any-
thing) ; intention, purpose, mind heart ;
thought ; the place whither one is bound,
destination.
y:Js tjhl, = y=?k q.v.

a ^Jt. taWi (v.n.), Contaminating; being
defiled; growing proud, pride; — tlkh, The
sound of laughter.

fair, Sal ammoniac.

A_pi fair (v.n.), Flying; flight; a bird ;
an omen from the flight of birds (especially

( 824 )

a bad one; ; (pi. of ta'ir) birds ;~tairn 7-
lail, The bird of night, the owl.

a oV^ tairan (P. pi. of fair), Birds.

_ a tayardn- (v.n. of _ rJ t), Flying ;

flight ; — tayardn kardan, To fly.

a o'V** 8 .tairawi, Belonging to birds, vola-
tile.

a tairat, Agility, lightness, levity of
mind; name of a, village near Damascus;
~~tlrat, tiyarat, A bad omen.

a Sjji ftm, Anger ; grief, pain, uneasiness ;
shame, modesty ; bashful ; — fira ehudan,
To be bashful ; — tlra giriftan, To be angry,
to fly into a passion.

A Jy*k flrd, A village near Ispahan.

taieaqun, Name of a city in Iran,
formerly a royal residence,

a J — it taisal, A dark night ; a violent
wind ; dust ; the mirage, or semblance of
water on a plain ; much of anything.

taw, A bed, couch, pillow, bolster.

a taish (v.n.), Being light, incon-
stant; being foolish, losing one's wits;
passing beyond the mark ; levity, incon-
sistency, irresolution ; folly ; anger ; vehe-
mence, passion.

a M> tit, Foolish, ignorant; long, tall ; a
libidinous stallion.

a t)Ui>it -A- wild leek or scallion.

y^st tltu, and —

a iSs}* 0 *^ tUawd, A species of the qcdd ; a
sandpiper ; a peweet.

a >-A«k taif (v.n.), Appearing (as a ghost) ;
a phantom, spectre, apparition; rage, anger;
madness ; — taif mina 'sh-sliaitan, A spectre
raised by the devil, a diabolical suggestion
ot temptation.

tsA^ taif an, A small tray (see yjfij* and

*s*» faifasnn, Ctesiphon ; Madam ;
Bagdad.

a faifur, A bird or winged insect ;
name of a little bird.

A t) W= ttqdn (pi. of tag), Arches.

^5;^ taiqari, A small tray.
tlql, A kind of red grain.

yySL^L tailafiyun, Houseleek ; the ane-
mone.

A tailas, tailis, tailus, yLJLL failasdn,
failisdn, tailusan (from P. tdlish&n), The
end of the turban-sash hanging down
behind like a tail or lappet ; a hood ; a
mantle, scarf, or tippet hanging from the
shoulders ; a pall; — tailasdni muza'far, The
rays of the sun ; — tailasdni mutarrd, Night ;
ibni tailasdn, A Persian, a barbarian (from
the view of an Arab).

A fr^> tairn (v.n.), (God) forming (any-
one for good) ; being good (anybody's
work) ; doing a good work.

a (^=k fain (v.n.), Sealing (a letter) with
clay ; plastering with clay ; — fin, Clay, loam ;
— tini armani, Armenian bole — flni asfar,

Yellow earth or chalk ; — tini makhtum,
Sealing-clay or wax ; ruddle.

A tlnat, A bit of clay ; nature, natural
disposition, genius.
<A>y~X= tainus, A species of cantharides.

tainus, Name of the daughter of
Qaidsfa (or Faidafa), queen of Andalusia.
a ,_5~fS» tint, Earthy, clayey.
A jyje twyHr (pi. of fair), Birds.
a ^)jj= tuym-l, A dealer in birds.
a I=j-Ip tuyut (v.n. of W=), Vehemence,
severity ; rut.

A t)V^ fflihiij (for P. jfe* q.v., p. 344), A
species oi partridge.

It.

k, 2, called zd'i zazigh (see ^X), zd'i
manquta, zd'i mu'jama " dotted zd," the
twentieth letter of the Arabic-Persian alpha-
bet, denoting 900 in arithmetic, and used
as abbreviation for j&Vt zdhir " evident."
The power of this letter in Arabic is that
of e pronounced with a hollow sound from
the throat uot easily to be described; in
Persian its pronunciation scarcely differs
from that of z.

a & zd, The name of the letter fc ; the
breasts of an old woman.

a z.a'b, The husband of a wife's

sister ; married state, matrimony ; oppres-
sion ; shout, noise, clamour ; the rattling of
a be-goat at mtting-time.

a/^ za'r (v.n.), Hiring a nurse ; being
kind, well-disposed towards; — zidr (v.n. 3
of Inducing (a camel) to suckle an-
other's colt by tying up her nose that she
may not detect it by the smell.

A z&'in, A traveller.

a JLt zdfir, Victorious, conquering ; a
conqueiW.

a gSVt ?.dli', Leaning to one side, limping,
lame ; criminal, incriminated, suspected ; a
dog who sleeps not at night ; a bitch in heat,

a (Jit zdlini, A tyrant, an oppressor; un-
just, barbarous, cruel.

a sdlim-eoz, ^ zMim-gitd&x,

A destroyer of tyrants.

a zdlim'i, Wrong-doing; tyranny,

oppression.

A zdmii, Thirsty.

a o& zdnn, A suspecter, supposer, or
fancier.

A zahir, fem. Sj*^ zdhimt, zdhira,
Exterior, external, outer ; apparent, clear,
manifest ; superficial ; exoteric ; one of the
names of God ; — zahiru 'l-madlnat, Out of
town, without the city ; — zdhir kardan, To
expose, manifest, exhibit ;— z.ahir u batin,
External and internal, outward appearance

alW ( 825 ) jbib

and inward qualities; — surati zdhira, Ex-
ternal appearance ; — -fi'z-zahir, Externally.

A \jib& zdkiran, Externally, to all&ppear-
ance, publicly, apparently, evidently; cer-
tainly, truly ; — zdhiran qiraat leardan, To
recite, to repeat by heart.

a fc>**r*^ zaMr-bin, One who looks only to
the surface or exterior, superficial.

a m~*j3 jb\io zahir-parast, Superficial ob-
server.

A SjfcLfc zdhirat, zdhira (fem. of zdhir),
External ; manifest ; prominent (eye) ; a
mid-day watering of camels ; a cistern
where camels are watered at mid-day ; mid-
day ; a strong she-camel.

a j\j jB>\± zahir-ddr, Specious, plausible;
showy ; pretentions ; ceremonious, formal.

a t5J^ J ?.oMr-dari, Speciousness ;

show, ostentation ; ceremony, formality.

a jt» zdhir-naZQr, ; & j&^> zahir,nigar,
Who considers only the surface or outside
of things.

a Ui zdhir-iiamd, Specious, plausible.
a tsr^^ zahirl, Apparent ; appearance,
exterior.

a ajj&li zahinyat, Manifestation, exter-
nality.

A zibd' (pi. of zaby), Wild bucks,
chevrjls.

a Li, zubat, Point of an arrow ; curved
edge of a sword ; head of a spear or lance.

A s-"U=-*k zahzdb, Sickness, pain; ablemish;
a pimple on the eyelid or face ; — mS, bi-hi
zabzub, There is no vice, blemish, ailment,
or defect in him.

A ^J> zaby, A wild buck, chevril, gazel ; —
ziiba (pi. of zubat), Points of arrows, &o.

a <L«.k zabyat, A chevril, doe, roe ; vulva ;
a small bag, a money-purse; the bending
or winding of a river; Tabitha or Dorcas.

Ajt zirr, A round sharp stone, with an
edge like a knife.

A j\^> zirdr (pi. of zirr), Sharp stones.

a <_»y= zuraf, zurrdf, Ingenious, acute,
witty (P. pi. zuraf an, zurrdf Cm).

a zarafat (v. a. of Being in-

genious, elegant, witty, clever ; wit, humour,
jocularity ; elegance, grace ; ingenuity,
genius ; politeness, gallantry ; dexterity ; —
zarafat ddsktan, To be clever, eleg-anfc,
graceful, &c.

a v>k zarab (v.n.), Having his liver ad-
hering to his side (a camel); — zarib, A
small hill; a projecting and sharp part of
a stone ; — zm-ubb, Short and thick of body.

a o^jt zarbd', = <l- v - > — (pi. of
zaribun), Polecats, skunks.

a (jU^t zaribdn, A stinking animal like a
cat; a fitchet, polecat, skunk.

a zarf (v.n.), Being ingenious, witty,
clever ; sagacity, ingenuity, genius, wit,
acumen ; beauty, elegance ; capacity, capa-
bility ; a vessel, vase, receptacle of any
kind ; (in grammar) an adverb or prepo-

sition ; [zarfi zar-^al, A pot with gold
solution used for painting and writing; —
za-rfl zamdn, Adverb of time ; — zarfi utiakdn,
Adverb of place ; — zarf lab-rex shawad, Life
declines towards its end ; — zarf v, mazruf,
The containing and contained ;] — zurvf (pi.
of zarf), Ingenious, clever, witty (persons) ;
elegant (per sous and things).

A oUjt zurafd' (pi. of zuraf and zarif),
Elegant, graceful ; ingenious, clever.

A zur-iif (pi. of zarf), Vases, vessels,
jars; (pi. of zarif), ingenious, clever; —
zurufi d-bkhwriri, Drinking vessels (ni.c.) ; —
zurufi chini, China vessels or ware, china,
porcelain ; — zurufi nuqra'i. Silver vessels,
plite (m.c).

A «-A>jfc zarif, Ingenious, witty, subtile,
clever.

a <yUj^ zartfdna, Ingeniously, -elegaatly.

A ^*sj* gtorifat, zflwfai Anything pretty,
elegant ; a sally of wit, bon-mot, epigram-
matic point; quaintness.

A pUi zi'dm, zi'dn, A rope for tying
on a camel's travelling litter.

A (jfSUi za'd'in (pi. of za'inat), Camel-
litters.

A za'n, za'an (v.n.), Travelling,

journeying, migrating ; a journey, migra-
tion ; the rope with which a camel-litter is
fastened; — zu'n, zu'un (pi. of za'inat),
Camel-litters in which women travel.

a za'un, A quiet camel used in

carrying the howda or burdens in gene-
ral.

a za'lnat, The hauda or camel-litter
in which women travel ; a woman whilst
being thus carried.

a t-Ak zaff (v.n.), Binding (all a camel's
feet) ; indigence ; a scanty subsistence ; a
continued scarcity.

a jVAk zafdr, Name of a certain perfume
resembling nails, cloves (=ndkhuni dev q.v.
under (j*&) ; — zafdri, Name of a place in
Yaman renowned for its aloe and onyx;
also of several fortresses.

a /£• zafr (v.n.), Digging one's nails into
(another's) cheek ; — zufr, A nail, claw (also
zifr) ; the extremity of a bow ; a film or
web in the eye, a cataract ; anyone ; any-
body ; name of a fortress ; [zufru 'l-qitt,
Cats-claw (a plant); — zufru 'n-nasr, Ea-
gles-claw (a plant) ; — lialilu Qmuqallamuy z-
zufr, Whose claws are clipped, weak, power-
less, contemptible ;] —zafar (v.n.), Accom-
plishing, succeeding in one's wishes, over-
coming, conquering; victory, triumph;
plain level ground ; suffering from a web
or cataract (eye) ; seeing, obtaining sight
of anyone ; [zafar ydftan, To be victorious,
to conquer;] — zafr, A conqueror, accus-
tomed to overcome ail obstacles or difficul-
ties ; victorious ; afflicted with a cataract ;
— ziffir, Fortunate, overcoming all diffi-
culties.

( 826 )

a y\ jit zafar-asar, In whose footsteps
victory follows.

a y& zafar-angess, Victorious.

a ti>V.T zafar-dydt ay a), Having
the signs of victory, victorious.

a jf^i)^ zafar-paikar, Victorious (sword).

a SjAfc zu/rat, A certain plant biting to the
taste, and good for ulcers and warts ; —
gafarat, A cataract in the eye.

a y& zafar-tdkya, A long sharp iron
prong ; a dirk, a stiletto.

^ a p\f zafar-tuwdm (tu'dm), Having
victory for a twin, victorious.

a )f ^ zafar-toz, Victorious.

a sK;_,j yit zafar-dastgdh, Victorious.

a y& zafar-rahbar, Leading to con-
quest, victorious (army).

a yU-jik zafaristdn, A place of victory.

a jAt zafar-shi'dr, Clad in victory,
victorious.

a u-y^ y& zafar-ma'niis, Accustomed to
victory (drum).

a /&> zafar-ndma, A congratulatory
letter on a victory ; title of a book on
politics and morals.

a v^. zafar-yab, Who obtains victory,
victorious, a conqueror.

a Jfc zall (v.n.), Continuing, not ceasing
(to do); becoming, being; — zill, in P. also
zil, Shadow, shade ; darkness of the night ;
night; part of the night; a spectre, appa-
rition, phantom ; the flower or prime of
youth ; intensity of heat ; a cloud veiling
the sun ; protection, guard ; strength,
power, firmness ; paradise ; \_zillu 'z-zahab,
Quicksilver; — zillu 'l-ldh, zilli kayq (khudd,
subhdni), The shadow or representative
of God (a royal title or epithet) ; — zilli
zamin, Night ; — zilli zalil, The shady gar-
den of delight, i.e. paradise ; — zilli 'indyat,
Shadow of protection ; — zilli mamdud, A
lengthened shadow; — ddma zillu-hu, May
his shadow endure, may his prosperity,
power, &c, be lasting ;]— gull (pi. of azall),
Insides of fingers, or of the soles of camels'
feet.

a gife zuld', A disease in the legs of
quadrupeds caused by travelling.

a JM. zaldl, Anything which affords a
shade; — zildl, A cloud or anything similar
which affords a shade ; a garden ; paradise ;
the shadow of a cloud ; (pi. of zill) sha-
dows ; (pi. of zullat) couches, benches.

A pit zaldm, Nightfall, the darkness of
the beginning of night; obscurity, dark-
ness; — zildm (v.n. 3 of /»^), Oppressing,
oppression ; a little ; name of a certain
plant with long tendrils ; — zallam, Very un-
just or tyrannical ; a great oppressor; name
of a plant with long tendrils.

a f>W^ pfo zaldm-anjdm, Dark, cloudv.

a ilA zallat, Stay, continuance ; health ; —
zillat, Anything which affords a shade ; —
zullat, A covering ; a parasol ; anything

shady ; a cloud ; a couch, a reclining bench
affording shelter from heat or cold.

a git zal' (v.n.), Leaning to one side,
halting ; swerving ; deviating from truth ;
being narrow, confined (a place) ; being
suspected ; — gala', Being narrow, strait,
confined ; — zula', Name of a mountain in
the country of the Banu Sulaim.

a <-AJi zalf (v.n.), Restraining, checking;
refraining from ; tracing or following foot-
steps ; striking or hurting on the nail, hoof,
or claw; being shed with impunity (blood);
narrowness of circumstances, indigence; —
zilf, A cloven hoof ; a following in succes-
sion ; need, necessity ; desire, wish ; a
suitable pasturage ; — gulf, zuluf, Badly off ;
rough, rocky (grounds) ; — zalaf (v.n.), Ab-
staining, refraining from ; being rocky,
rough (ground); being shed with impunity
(blood) ; straits, 'penury, indigence ; hard
ground which leaves no foot-marks; the
whole, the entire ; \bi-zalafi-hi, All of it,
the whole;] — galaf, zalif, High ground out
of the reach of water and mud.

a zil-gustar, Shade-diffusing.

a Jit zalal, Water under trees never
reached by the sun.

A ^ zalm (v.n.), Being dark (night) ;
brightness, whiteness ; snow ; water ; the
fresh natural colour of teeth ■—zulm, zalm
(v.n.), Inquiring, oppressing; defrauding,
seizing another's property; committing
injustice ; oppression, tyranny, cruelty ;
injustice, injury, outrage ; digging ground
in a place not to be dug ; slaughtering (a
camel) without disease ; drinking milk out
of the churning bottle before the butter is
formed ; covering the female when preg-
nant (an ass) ; putting a thing not in its
place; obscurity, darkness; idolatry; [zulm
ba-sawiyat 'adi ast, There is justice in a
calamity common to all ; — zulm, (zulm «
ta'addl) kardan, To oppress ;] — zalam, A
body ; an object appearing black in the dis-
tance ; — zilam, Name of a certain plant
with long tendrils ; — zulam (pi. of zulmat),
Obscurities, darknesses ; (pi. of zalma')
three dark nights in the month immediately
following the q.v., p. 512.

a "Uli z«Z»i-aK,Oppressively tyrannically.
a »Ulk zalma' , Obscurity, darkness.
a i^Ulfe zulmat, zulamdt, zulumat (pi. of
zulmat, zulumat), Darknesses; a dark place
where the water of life or immortality is
said to be ; — zulumdti saldsa, The three
da.rknesses, i.e. length, breadth and depth
of the lower world ; the triple darkness in
which Jonas was enveloped, namely, of
night, of the fish's belly, and of the depth
of the sea ; the impurities of natural dispo-
sition, lust and selfishness; the darkness
of the membrane enwrapping the embryo,
of the womb, and of the mother's abdomen.
a *s*>; e^Ulk zulmdt-rang, Like darkness.

( 827 ;

a (jiUlk zalmanl, Bark, obscure (opposed
to^V q.v,).

a &^-e» fi& zulm-pesJia, A tyrant, op-
pressor.

a zilmat, zulmat, Name of a certain
woman proverbially lewd ; — zulmat, zvXma,
Darkness, obscurity ; severity ; torment ; a
dark place at the extremity of the world,
where the fountain of life is supposed to be
placed ; also the fountain itself ; [ahli
Zulmat, People connected with, government,
officials (rn.c.) ;] — zalamat, zalama (pi. of
gdlim), Oppressors, tyrants; — zalimat, Dark
(night); — zulumat, Darkness ; near, the first
thing which meets the eye.

a •s'tf e=~*Ai zulmat -abaci, The abode of
darkness, the world.

a \>>) cw.Lt zulmat-zida, Dispelling dark-
ness (Muhammad).

a zulmatiydii, Heathens, idolaters.

a sa-._) ^ zulm-rasida, Oppressed ; a
victim of tyranny.

ajU zulm-saz, Practising injustice,
tyrannical, oppressive.

a jw> zulm-shi'ar, A tyrant, op-
pressor.

a itf f»lL zulm-kah, A diminisher of injus-
tice.

a jiv* p& zuhn-hesh, Oppressive, tyran-
nical

a i\£ fix zulm-gah, A dark place ; a place
where iniquity or oppression abounds.

a tsj^ f& zulm-gudcLei, Putting an end
to oppression or injustice.

a <Wit zulma-kada, The mansion of
darkness, this present world.

a tj*^ ztdmi, Unjust, oppressive, tyran-
nical.

a zulmlyat, Iniquity, oppression.

a Jjlt zulul (v.n. of Jt), Executing any
work by day, not by night ; becoming, hap-
pening; shading, throwing a shadow; (pi.
of zill) shadows, shades.

A zalum, One who puts a thing not
in its proper place ; most cruel, unjust,
tyrannical; — zidum. (pi. of zaJm), Fresh,
natural colours of teeth ; (pi, of z,alwm)
objects appearing black in the distance.
zilla, ape A.

A i-islk zallf, Of a bad natural disposi-
tion, mean, abject, criminal (man) ; in an
evil plight ; rough, rocky (ground) ; a
painful or difficult business ; adversity,
hardship, difficulty ; the root of the neck ;
gratuitous.

a zalil, Shady (place).

a zalim, A male ostrich; — zillim, Very
unjust, most oppressive.

a "Ufe zama' (v.n.), Being very thirsty.

a »Ui» zama , l*uX zamtfat (v.n. of B ,_s*k),
Being very thirsty ; — zima', zumd' (pi. of
zam'an), Thirsty.

a t)Ut zam'an, fern. &Ut zam'anat,
Thirsty.

a \y4> zami', Thirsty.

a yi zann (v.n.) , Thinking, suspecting;
opining ; knowing for certain, being sure ;
suspicion, evil opinion; opinion, thought,
belief ; knowledge, certainty ; persuasion ;
doubt, wavering ; jealousy j — zann burdan,
To be of opinion, to opine ; — s-a'i zann, Evil
thought, rash judgment,

a zirnb, Trunk of a tree.

a v 4 )*^ zumbub, A shank-bone ; a stud in
the side of a spear-head.

A h& zinnat, Suspicion.

a zinan (pi. o£ the preceding), Suspi-
cions.

a ^yi zanitn, A suspicious man ; any
matter on which a doubt is entertained, as,
for instance, whether a debt be paid or
not, whether a well contain water or be
empty, <fcc. ; weak in mind, barren in mental
resources; — zunun (v.n. of <^t), Thinking,
supposing, deeming ; (pi. of zann) opinions,
doubts, surmises.

a zannl, Supposed, surmised ; sus-
picions.

a zanln, Suspected.

a jtjfe zu'dr, Trevets ; (pi. of zi'r) foster-
mothers.

Aj*>\£ zawdhir, Pot-herbs; high lands;
appearances, externals ; Arabs of Quraish
who pitched their tents outside Mecca.

a zahar, The surface of stony ground ;
— zihar (v.n. 3 of Pronouncing the

words " thou art unto me as my mother's
back," a formula of divorce ; — zuhdr, A
crowd, multitude ; the short side of a bird's
wing.

a zahdrat (v.n. of y£), Being strong
in the back; being effaced, obliterated; —
ziharat, The outside of a garment (opposed
to bitanat, The inside or lining).

a yi^o zclIiy (v.n.), Striking on the back;
training, breaking in (a camel) ; boasting,
glorying in ; the back ; the superficies,
especially the harder and more hilly part
(of ground) ; a road through the desert ;
much wealth ; the text or letter of the
Qur'iin (batn being its esoteric explana-
tion) ; news, history, tradition ; a thing
absent, concealed, hidden; [waladu 'z-zahr,
A boy neglected or turned adrift by his
parents;] — zulir, Mid-day, or a little time
after the sun has passed the meridian, when
the air is most sultry ; [safdtu 'z-zv.hr,
Afternoon prayer;]. — zahar (v.n.), Com-
plaining of or having a pain in the back ; a
pain in the back, lumbago ; household
utensils ; — zahir, Pained in the back,
afflicted with lumbago.

A zuhran (pi. of zahr), Backs; (pi
of zuhdr) the narrowest sides of birds fea-
thers.

A iy£> zihrat, An assistant zihrat, zuh-
rat, zahar at, Families, relations, allies;

( 828 )

household furniture ; — zuhroX, A tortoise ;
an assistant.

a ^y^- zihrl, Thrown behind the back,
forgotten, neglected; ready for use (a
camel).

a ^ zahur, High, raised, prominent ; —
zukur (v.n. of ;<£), Appearing, being con-
spicuous, happening ; appearance, birth ;
reign, dominion, fame ; (pi. of zahr) backs ;
— $uhv.ri iqbdl, Reign of prosperity, happy
progress, fortunate coincidence ; — zuhur
dmadan (yd/tan'), ba-zuhur dmadan (pai-
wastan, rasidati), To appear, become con-
spicuous or evident ; — sahib zttMer, Famous,
glorious.

a zahir, Troubled with a pain in the
back, afflicted with lumbago ; an assistant,
supporter, protector ; name of a Persian
poet.

A Sj**^ zahir at, Mid-day, during the hot
Beason ; — qd' 'imu' 'z-zahirat, The meridian,
the highest altitude of the sun.

A^Vsfe. zi'dr (v.n. of /It), Hiring a nurse ;
giving suck to the young of another; tying
a bag over a camel's nose to induce her to
suckle another's colt.

A fc}l**> zaiydn, Wild jessamine ; also a
plant with which leather is tanned ; honey.

A jit gi'r, A nurse, foster-mother ; kind,
benevolent; a pillar, prop, buttress for
shoring up a wall ; the side of a house.

£ ' , called 'ami ghair manquta or 'aini
mukmala, Undotted '«», The twenty-first
letter of the Arabic-Persian alphabet, ex-
pressing 70 in arithmetic. Like the hamxa,
but in a stronger degree, it represents the
effort made by the throat in pronouncing a
vowel at the beginning of a word or syl-
lable, and hence the Greek spiritus asper
(') has very properly been adopted as its
representative, while the homogeneous letter
hamza is now generally transcribed by the
spiritus lenis ('). In the pronunciation of
the Persians, as prosody proves, it is fre-
quently not distinguished as a separate
letter at all, and in some words it is ren-
dered by h, either sounded as in U^Ui. haf-
haf, for <_4*te 'afaf, or silent as in for

a 'db (v.u. of s-e*), Being damaged
(merchandise) ; damage, blemish, defect.

a ki-i^s 'dbis, A player, a dallier.

a -ii^ 'dbid, An adorer, or servant of G-od ;
a votary, devotee, recluse ; enraged, indig-
nant; loathing, refusing.

a te\*t\z 'dbiddna, Devoutly, as servant of
God._

a *s-i<U 'dbidlyat, Name of a sect.

a j?^ 'tibar, Heber, son of Arphaxad, son
of Shem ; — -'fihir, Weeping, croning (man
or woman) ; passenger, traveller ; an in-
terpreter, commentator, expounder ; — 'dbiru
's-sabil, A traveller.

a 'dbis, Austere, stern, soar, crabbed,
grim ; a lion.

A ij'te 'dtiq, Free, manumitted ; ancient,
old, antique ; (wine) long kept; an old bow
red with age ; (a girl) in the bloom of
youth, kept confined at home, not yet mar-
ried ; a middle-aged woman ; a young bird
ready for flight ; the back or that part of
it where a cloak is placed ; a large leathern
wine-bottle.

A 'atik, Noble, generous ; pure

(wine) ; bright (colour) ; changeable, fickle,
inconstant ; quarrelsome.

a ££5^ 'atikai, An old bow become red
with, age ; name of a certain woman ; also
of nine women of Muhammad's ancestry.

a f »>te 'atim, Late (in the evening), tardy.

A 'dti, fern. 'dtiyat, 'dtiya,

Proud, overbearing, exorbitant.

a 'dsir, Stumbling, in danger of fall-
ing.

a 'dmr, A pit dug for catching lions
or other wild beasts ; adversity, evil, disas-
ter ; a dangerous place.

a e^e Ivory; gentle (she- camel) ;

[tafrhti An ivory throne;] — 'dji, A call
by which camels are driven; — 'ajj, Full of
travellers (a road).

a 'djiz, Weak, imbecile, impotent,
exhausted ; defective, hopeless, powerless,
dejected ; — 'djiz dmadan, To fall short of
(crz) ; to be unable to cope with (dar) ; —
'djiz hardan, To baffle, defeat, confound,
perplex.

a <5ity^ djizdna, Weakly, hopelessly.

a (JlW 'djiz-n&U, A gentle or subdued
wail (see <-6-*^).

a iytXt- l wjiza (fem. of 'djiz), Weak, help-
less.

a ijfA* 'ajizi, Weakness, helplessness ;
humility, submissiveness ; entreaty, sup-
plication ; hopelessness ; — 'djinl hardan, To
suffer damage or injury.

a J=!-^ 'djil, fem. XI*.\b 'djilctt, 'djila, Has-
tening; swift, expeditious; agile; transi-
tory, frail, fleeting (opposed to q.v.,
p. 18) ; — fyaydti'djila, (This) transitory life.

a 'ajilan, P. ^J^U 'djildna, In

haste ; hastily ; in regard to the present
life.

a &LAe 'ajilat, 'djila, The present fleeting
life.

a y^-^ 'ajin, (A camel) whose foetus does
not remain quiet in the womb.

a <&*-\* 'ajln, Of the colour of ivory
made of ivory.

( 829 )

a ^ l ad, Name of an ancient Arabian
tribe.

a olob 'dddt (pi. of the following), Cus-
toms, &c. ; — 'dddtu 's-sdddt-i sdddtu 'l-'dddt,
The manners of lords are, i.e. ought to be,
lordly manners, the conduct of the noble is
nobility of conduct, " noblesse oblige."

A sjU 'adat, Custom, mode, manner, habit,
usage, rite, observation ; practice ; nature,
disposition ; construed with the verbs bar-
ddshtan, dadan, kardan, garddnidan, girif-
tan, nihddan, &c. ; — amri 'adat, Ordinary
business, anything common or indifferent ;
— 'aid 'ddcbti-hi, According to his custom.

a 'i^ ddat-an. Habitually, customarily.

a 'Mall, Customary, habitual ; a

catamite.

a Jolc ( ddil, One who deviates ; devious ;
one who gives partners to God, an idol-
worshipper; just, equitable ; a judge.

a a>3jIc 'ddildna, Justly, equitably.

A qlAc 'ddin, (A she-camel) continuing
at one pasture ; a camel feeding continually
on the salsuginous herbage ham?.

A (jjVc 'ddi, A passer by, runner on foot ;
a transgressor ; wicked, rapacigus, fierce ;
an enemy ; {mansub of ^ q.-V.) belonging
to the ancient tribe of 'Ad ; (irreg. from
'adat) accustomed, addicted.

A £».Ab 'ddiyat, Injustice, iniquity, hos-
tility ; swift horses ; infantry (and some-
times cavalry) rushing before the rest to
battle. ;

A *^>i\z 'dzib, One abstaining from eating
on account of excessive thirst ; beasts of
burden standing without meat or drink ;
under the open sky.

A_,j\* 'dzir, A circumeiser; one who mates
excuses, an apologist ; the sear of a wound ;
dung, excrement ; a menstruous vein.

a J^Vc 'dzil, One who reproves and blames,
a railer ; a menstruous vein ; name of a
river ; also of a place ; the old name of the
Arabian month Sha'ban, or Shauwal.

AjjjVe 'dzur, Adversity, evil; a goad for
driving cattle.

A j& 'ctr, Reproach, scorn ; disgrace, igno-
miny, dishonour, shame ; bashfulness,
modesty; — 'dr ddsMan, To be ashamed, to
blush ; to cause to blush, to put to the
blush.

A drij, Ascending.

A i/j^ 'Srix, Happening, occurring, acci-
dental; accident, event; contingency; a
misfortune, evil, calamity ; reviewer of an
army, muster-master, leader of a host ; side
of the face, cheek ; a heavy cloud ; diseased,
broken down with age (she-camel) ; the
teeth with exception of the front teeth ; a
gift, present; — 'arte afrokhtan, To wax
angry, to fly into a passion ;—'driz slutdan
(gardidan), To happen, occur ; — drizi lash-
kar, A field-deputy ; the reviewer of an

army ; — 'drizi mamdlik. Pay-master of the
empire.

a "U,U 'driz-an, Accidentally.

a S-fc,^ 'drizat, Anything necessary to be
done ; accident, event ; obstacle, impedi-
ment ; a fracture ; an affection, a disorder,
disease, sickness ; infirmity, defect ; the
side of the face ; a transverse piece of
wood over a doorway or on a roof.

a 'driz-ndma. Particulars of re-

ceipts of revenue.

a 'drizi, Accidental; — sifati 'drizlya,
An accidental quality.

a 'drif, Knowing, perceiving ; scien-
tific ; wise, skilful, intelligent, sagacious ;
well known, notorious ; patient ; a holy
man, a saint, the highest grade to which a
mystic can attain; — 'drifi rdz. One who
knows the divine secrets or mysteries.

a 6i\i^c 'drif una, "Wisely, acutely ; piously ;
like an 'drif ; a symbol ; a reckoning, pro-
portion of any payment.

a 'dri, Whatever surprises or comes
unlooked for ; naked, denuded, bare ; des-
titute, deprived of ; void, free, exempt
from ; incompetent, incapable ; distressed,
distracted, helpless ; ignorant, simple
(prose), without rhyme or metre.

a hj*- 'driyat, Anything borrowed or
lent ; — 'driyat dadan, To lend ; — 'driyat
giriftan, To borrow.

a "^ij^ 1 'driyat-an (for 'h^), On loan.

a ti-))W 'driyat-sard, The present world.

a (j^c 'driyatl, Borrowed ; factitious,
false (hair) ; transient, fading.

A 'dzib, Unmarried ; distant pasture ;
a camel which feeds abroad all night ; name
of a mountain.

a jjic 'dzar, Lazurus.

A <-J)Vc 'dzif, A singer or player of music ;
name of a place.

A 'dzim, One who applies his mind ;
an enterprizer ; one undertaking (a jour-
ney) ; — 'dzitnu 'z-ziydrut, One who designs
a visit, bent on a pilgrimage ; — 'dzim, shu-
dan, To set out on a journey.

A <_4~Ae 'dsif, Dying (camel), breatliing
with difficulty ; (a camel) afflicted with
pestilence.

a J— ^ 'dsil, One who takes the houey
from the hives; tremulous (a laace) ; a
wolf.

stricken in years.

a s-^U 'dshib, (A camel) pasturing on
fresh grass ('ushb) ; a country abouuding
in herbage.

a 'dshir, A tenth ; a tithe-collector ;
a publican, revenue- collector.

a &j4.Us 'dshirat (p!. vs>^«Ao 'ashirdt), A
female hyena; every tenth verse of thn
Qur'an; a portion of a slaughters 1 camel;
the outer feather of a bird's wing.

a j^^aAc 'dsltiq, A lover, inamorato, sweet-

a ,_s-^ 'dsi, A palm-tree ; an old man

( 830 )

heart, mistress ; amorous ; transported
with divine love ; — 'ashiqi bl-chara, A spe-
cies of ivy ; — 'ashiqi jchushq, A faithless
lover ; — 'ashiqi diwdna, Frantic, mad, dying
with love ; — 'ashiqi sag-jdn, A worldling ; —
'dehiq shudan, To fall in love ; — 'ashiqi
majriun (ma/tun), Madly in love ; — 'dshiq u
ma'shuq, Lover and beloved, a couple of
lovers.

)\>1 <y>^ 'dshiq-dxdr, "Who inflicts pain
or torment on the lover.

a 'ashiqdn (P. pi. of 'ashiq), Lovers.

a AJUkLe 'dskiqdna, Amorously ; a lover.

a W (3*^ 'dshiq-bd, A dish made of fruits,
as dried peaches, prunes, grapes, walnuts,
or almonds boiled with the acid of sumach
and pomegranates.

a sj\» (^aAc 'dshiq-bdda, Pond of wine.

A 'dshiqat, 'dshiqa, A mistress.

a 'ashiq-shikar, Addicted to the

pleasures of the chaBe ; (met.) a mistress.

a (3^^ ' 'ashiq- safir, Whose song is
like that of a lover.

a jUi(jAlfi 'dshiq-qimdr, Given to gam-
bling.

a eV" ^3*"^ ' dshiq- mizdj, Of an amorous
disposition; sprightly, sportive, merry .

a ls^»-w (JAW; 'dshiq-maelbat, Afflicted
like a lover.

a t'Si (JaVc 'ashiq-nigdh, Looting like a
over.

a jV 'dshiq-nawdz, Using blandish-
ments towards the lover.

a ,_5&«Ac 'ashiqi. Love ; the condition of a
over j— 'ashiqi' namildan, To fall in love.

a jj**^ 'dshur, bIj^aU 'dshurd, V^*^ 'dshitrd,
The tenth or ninth of the first month
muharram, when the great miracle-play on
Husain's death is performed.

A 'dsid, A dying camel turning his
head over his shoulders.

A _^Vt 'dsir, A presser, squeezer.

a i-A-sVc 'dsif, Strong, violent (wind) ;
stormy (day) ; declining, deviating (an
arrow from the mark) ; whatever inclines
or is bent.

A 44oU 'dsifat, A strong, violent wind.

a j+e'te 'dsim, A defender ; safe, protected ;
chaste, virtuous ; a man's name ; name of
a place in the country of the Banu. Huzail.

a &**>Vc 'dsimat, (The protected) Madina;
— 'dsi'ma, A chaste woman, a matron.

A 'dsi, Disobedient, rebellious, sedi-
tious, refractory, stubborn ; a sinner ; a
rebel ; greedy, avaricious (this meaning
doubtful) ; the river Orontes ; — 'dsi shudan,
To rebel, mutiny.

A xt\c 'add, An ass which hugs the sides
of the female when covering ; a male camel,
which biting the fore-leg of the female,
forces her to crouch ; one who walks by the
side of his beast.

a y*>\z 'dzir, Who or what hinders ; an
obstacle.

a &t\& 'dzih, Pasturing on the thorny
shrub 'hah (a camel) ; a magician, sorcerer ;
a serpent stinging to death on the spot.

AjUc 'dtir, Pond of odours; fragrant,
odoriferous; benevolent, generous, noble;
gracious.

A y^tlc 'dtis, Sneezing ; (a deer) ad-
vancing towards or meeting a person (con-
sidered a good omen) ; dawn.

a i-AL^ 'cttif, fern. &IAe 'dtifat, 'dti/a, In-
clined to ; benevolent ; a wrapper, sheet,
mantle ; the horse which comes in sixth in
the race ; a fawn whose neck is bent when
lying down ; — wdwi 'dti/a, The conjunction
), u (connecting synonyms or opposites),
via (connecting purely Arabic words, or
complete sentences).

a M>\* 'dtifat, 'dti/a, Affection, benevo-
lence ; kin, relationship ; grace, favour.

A JtUs 'atil, Idle, vacant, wanting ; vain,
useless ; foolish ; a woman destitute of.
ornaments.

a MUe 'dtila, Destitute, void of ; (a word)
without diacritical points.

a (Jt^ 'dtilii Polly, vanity, &c.

a <j-jk** 'atus, Anything exciting sneezing,
a sternutatory ; a certain animal of bad
omen. •

a (jiU 'afi, Who asks or receives a favour
or food ; one who obliterates, effaces, de-
stroys ; a pardoner of sin ; obliterated,
effaced; long-bearded; arriving, a stranger,
a guest.

a AeiUs 'dfiyat, A preserving in, or a re-
storing to, health ; health, soundness ; well-
being, welfare ; safeness, security ; success;
prosperity ; — kaslru 'l-'dfiyat, One who en-
tertains many guests.

a ij-i^>\ u^-Jlc 'dfiyat-andesh. Thinking of
salvation.

a 'aqq, Disobedient, undutiful, re-
bellious, disloyal ; — 'dqq shudan, To be dis-
obedient, &c.

a s-*^ c 'dqib, A successor or deputy, one
who comes last (hence an epithet of Mu-
hammad, as being styled the last of the
prophets) ; (adv.) at last ; at least.

A.a*i\&'dqibat (v.n. of s-^), Coming after,
succeeding ; considering the end of any-
thing ; end, conclusion ; issue, success,
accomplishment ; the future life ; recom-
pense, reward ; (adv.) finally, at length ; —
'dqibatu 'l-amr, Termination of any business;
the loug and short of the matter ; finally ;
— 'dqibat na-ddrad, It ends badly; —
'dqibat, Ending badly.

a ut~*i\* 'aqibat-and&sh, Provident.

a im ^i^\ u^i^ 'dqibat-andeshi, Far-
sightedness, foresight, prudence.

ci-f*^ ' dqibat-bini, Foresight.

a AiVc 'tiqid, One binding, fastening, tying
in a knot ; a binder ; a she-camel twisting
her tail in a knot (sign of having conceived) ;
the surroundings of a well.

( 831 )

1 jlVc 'dqir, Barren (woman) ; not pro-
creating (man) ; unfruitful (tree) ; one
who hamstrings ; a high sand-hill, where
nothing grows.

a Uy^iU 'dqir-qarhd, Dracunculus ; pelli-
tory, anthemis pyrethrum.

a JiUt 'aqil, Prudent, judicious, intelli-
gent, sensible, wise, sagacious ; rational ;
a mountain-goat, deer, &c, securely perched
on a high rock ; name of a mountain.

a iiiiW 'dqildna, Prudently, wisely ; pru-
dent.

a 'dqilat, 'dqila, A sensible woman ;
a bride-dresser, tire- woman ; paternal rela-
tions who pay the expiatory mulct for man-
slaughter ; magistrates.

a JiVc 'dqill, Wisdom, sense, intellect ;
intelligence.

o 4-U jlc 'aqq-ndma, A deed of disin-
heritance.

A Jyta 'dqfd, The winding of a river; a
whirlpool, gulf ; the high sea and its bil-
lows ; a country in which there is no open
road ; an intricate affair ; a kind of caper ;
the teak-tree ; — dairi 'aqiil, Name of a city
near Nahrawan, and of one m Maghrib ;
also of a village near Mosul.

A Sjilc 'aquld, Js'y^ 'aqula, A name of
the city of Kufah.

a <-r*SV 'alcib, A great multitude.

A <_4£U 'dMf, Assiduous, diligent ; con-
stantly staying in the mosque and employed
in devotion ; — 'aJcifdni quels, Those who
reside constantly at Jerusalem from motives
of piety.

a jJW 'dlij, (A camel) feeding on the herb
alajdn ; sand lying layer upon layer ; a
sandy place in the desert.

a jJVc 'dlam, The world ; the universe ;
time, age; condition, state; men, creatures,
everything which the world contains; a
beautiful sight or scene ; dlami db, A
great drinker; a drinking-bout; — 'dlami
arwdk, The world of spirits ; — 'dlami asbdb,
The world, this life ; — 'dlami asghar, The
microcosm ; — 'dlami ahbar, The macrocosm ;
— 'dlami bdql, Future state ; — 'dlami bald,
The world above, heaven ; — 'dlami tar, The
world of pagan ignorance ; — 'dlami tarbiyat,
World of discipline ; — 'alamijdn, World of
souls, the spiritual world ; world of life, the
living world ; this world ; the elements ; —
' dlami jabarut (malakut). World of the angels,
or the heaven above the starry firmament,
where the angels, according to the Muham-
madan system, are supposed to dwell ; and
immediately under 'dlami 'azamat, The high
empyrean heaven, the residence of Omnipo-
tence ; — 'alami khdk, The earth ; the human
body ; — 'alami du-rang, The earth as sub-
ject to the vicissitudes of day and night ;
a hypocrite ; — 'dlami digar, The other
world ; = 'dlami db, q.v. ■ — 'dlami mug, The
world of delight; — 'dlami ruhdni, The

spiritual world (m.c.) ; — 'dlami sufli, The
earth ; — 'dlami shahddat, The visible world ;
— 'dlami sagter, The world ; men ; kings ; —
'dlami surat {surl), The visible world; —
'dlami 'iilwl, The upper world ; — 'dlami
g&aib, The world of absence, i.e. a future
state ; — dlami f dm, The perishable (present)
world ; — 'dlam kabir, Nature, condition ; —
'dlami Jcaun, The visible world ; — 'dlami
IdhUt, Court of heaven ; — 'alami masdl, The
world of fancy, a dream, ecstasy ; — 'dlami
masti, A state of intoxication or lustful-
ness ; — 'dlami ma' qui, The rational world ;
— 'dlami ma'nd (ma'nt), The invisible world ;
— 'dlami ndsfd, The world of mortals ; —
'dlami nabdlat. Botany ;]— 'dlim. Learned,
intelligent, wise; theoretic (in contradis-
tinction to dmil "practical"); — dlimu'l
ghalb wa' sh-shihddat, (God) who knows the
past and the present, the invisible and the
visible, omniscient ; — 'dliml tar (a wet or
green doctor), A hypocrite or ignorant pre-
tender.

a \\ 'dlam drd dray), World-

adorning.

a 'dlam-afroz, World-illumina-

ting ; the sun.

a iiUSVc 'dlimdna, Wisely, learnedly.

a E i*^ 'dlam-dhanj, World-attracting;
world- seizing.

a »U-*Jlc 'dlam-pandh, Asylum of the
world ; a king ; your majesty, &c.

a s-"^* 1 ^ 'dlam-tdb, World-inflaming ;
world-warming, world-illuminating ; the
sun.

'dlam-soz, World-inflaming;—
barqi 'dlam-soz, World-inflaming lightning.

a J,? fSLe 'dlam-gard, A great traveller.

a^f^lU 'dlam-glr, Conquering the uni-
verse ; one of Aurangzeb's titles.

a •dlam-naward, A great traveller.

a <yj*JI* 'dlamun (pi. of 'dlam), Worlds.

a LS *!Lc 'dlami, Worldly, existing in the
world.

a 'dlamiydn, Men, mankind ; mor-

tals ; people.

a 'dlamtn (obi. pi. of 'dlam, in P.

used as nom.), Worlds, created things.

a JVc 'Ml, High, sublime, eminent, ex-
cellent, grand ; the upper part ; above ; —
'dll-jdh (jandb, kasrat, qadr, mahall, maqdm,
maqddr, manqibat, makdn), Of high station,
&c, are titles of dignity and address,
occurring frequently in letters to and from
men of exalted rank, and implying majesty,
dignity, excellence, &c. ; — 'all u dun, High
and low.

JU 'aWafcac, Of high descent, of
noble lineage.

a 'iili-sardy, The high seraglio,

a monarch's court.

a ylA-JU 'dli-shdn, Of high degree ; im-
perial, royal, most noble, excellent, digni-
fied ; — nishdni 'dli-shdn, The imperial signet.

( 832 )

'un-
gracious,

JVc 'CiU-

a |»\e 'dm, A year; — ['ami
year ; — 'ami dujar, Next year

a wijt 'dli-zarf, Large-minded, able,
gifted.

a &Jei dU-fitrat, High-minded, mag-
nanimous; of noble disposition.

a 'dli-guhar, Valuable pearl or

gem.

a i_s^ 'dli-manish, o*a

tiimmat, High-minded, noble,
generous.

a 'dU-manisht,
himmatt, Elevation of mind.

a 'dU-nhhdd, Of noble birth.

a lL*S\z -aliya (fem. of 'all), High, &c.

awal, Last
— 'dmu 'ami

awwal, The year before last ; — al-'drn, This
year ;] — 'amm, fem. <ulc 'dnimat, 'dmma,
Complete, perfect ; common, universal,
public; the vulgar, common people, com-
mons, commonalty (opp. to q.v.) ; —
hassa'i 'dmma, Common sense ;—kkdss u
'amm, Noble and plebeian, gentle-folk and
commons.

a iulc 'umat, A wreath, sash, or turban
rolled round the head ;— 'dmrnat, dmma,
The vulgar, commons, plebeians; — 'dmma'i
afdzil, All the doctors or learned men ; —
'dmma'i bardyd, All the nobility and vas-
sals ; — 'dmma'i ra'iyat, The lower order of
men, the common people, peasantry; — 'dm-
ma'i 'ibddu'Udk, All the servants of God;
all the subjects ; — 'dmma'i nds, All man-
kind.

a 'dm-josh, All in a turmoil, in a

general ferment or ebullition.

a i^\c 'amid, One who proposes, purposes,
one who is bent upon, bound for.

a y\* 'amir, One who cultivates, makes
inhabitable ; a builder ; (for ma'mur) cul-
tivated, inhabited, flourishing; a proper
name ; — banu 'amir, Name of a tribe.

a 'dmirat, 'dmira, (fem.) Long-

lived ; cultivated ; abundant, rich, fertile ;
well-replenished; royal, imperial; a ser-
pent ; — khaz'ma'i 'dmira, The royal trea-
sury.

a J^c 'um.il, A maker, performer; an
operator, wort man, artisan, labourer ; an
intendant of finance, revenue-collector,
official, functionary ; a necromancer, a con-
jurer ; practical (opp. to 'dlim " theoreti-
cal") ; governing (in gram.) ; — 'dmili tab',
The animal spirit ; — 'dmili jdn, Creator of
the soul, i e. God ; the elements.

a 'Ctmilun (P. pi. of A. 'drnil), Ope-

rators, &c. ; — 'dmilnni daryd u lean, The
planets Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Mer-
cury, the Sun and the Moon.

A &*le 'dmilat 'dmila, One word govern-
ing another ; a governing power (as a pre-
position or particle).

a, &Ai J^U 'dmil-ndma, A government
warrant or order empowering one to take
possession.

'dm-manfa'at,

Universally

useful.

a Ay\c 'amftd, A column.

a ^joU 'dmits, Emmaus.

a 'dmma, see A. *<»U;,

a (^^c 'ami, Blind ; — 'dmm\, 'ami, Gene-
ral, common, universal ; the common people;
plebeian ; ignorant.

a s-^c 'dnib. Possessor of grapes ('inab).

A iile 'anat, 'ana., The pubes ; the groin;
hair about the privy parts ; a herd of wild
asses or of asses' colts ; hence name of a
town in Diyfir-bakr famous for its asses.

A ailc 'ami, A strayer from the road
(camel) ; obstinate, refractory, rebellious,
contumacious.

a o"'^ 5 'dnis, (A girl) remaining long in
her parents' house after the marriageable
age ; an old maid ; a confirmed bachelor ;
handsome, fat, full-grown (camel).

a 'dnik, Sands heaped together,

high, pathless, and difficult of passage.

a <_j>Vc 'dm, Captive ; flowing, fluid
(bloo_d).

A 'dliat, Murrain ; blight.

a y»Ve 'dhir, A whoremonger ; a whore.

A JjfcU 'dhil, A mighty king ; a woman in
want of a husband.

a i^a\b- 'dhin, A palm-branch lying close
to the heart of the tree ; a member of the
human body ; a vein in the uterus of a
camel ; present ; fixed, established (in a
place) ; hereditary (wealth) ; poor, indi-
gent, needy ; lazy, slothful, enervated.

A s~fte 'd'ib, Thick milk ; one who blames,
finds fault with, rebukes.

a JtfU 'd'id, Who or what returns, refers
to, turns towards, appertained, belongs,
relates to, or is connected with ; reverting ;
relative ; a visitor of the sick ; a payer, re-
storer ;—'d'i d sdkhtan, To pay.

a <s.a?W 'd'idat, 'd'ida (fem. of 'd'id), Re-
turning, coming, arriving ; return, produce,
profit ; — (in P.) 'dyida, A trowel.

a 'd'iz, (A mare, camel, or doe) the
tenth or fifteenth day after colting, from
that time called mutfil.

a J&cl 'd'ish, Living comfortably (man).

a 'dyisJia, Name of the daughter of

Abu Bakr, and favourite wife of Muham-
mad ; a wagtail ; — 'dyisha'i lah-joy, Name
of a small bird called in Arabic sa'wa.

a (ji^ 'd'iz, Given in exchange for an-
other.

a i-Afle 'd'if, Averse, loathing ; one who
nauseates (meat or drink); one who takes
an omen from birds, &c. ; a soothsayer,
augur, diviner.

a <5>U! 'd'iq, Who or what prevents,
hinders, diverts, frustrates, detains; slack
in paying ; an accident, hindrance, preven-
tion.

a J>V 'd'il, Inclining to one side (judge),
weighing down (scale) ; poor, indigent (es-

( 833 )

pecially when encumbered with a large
family).

A s-c 'abb (v.n.), Drinking (like a horse,
ot) without suction (as a dove) ; drinking
with the mouth (without using a vessel or
the hands) ; hail ; — 'ubb, A gusset, or the
arm-hole of a sleeve ; a sleeve.

a's-c 'ab\ Sunshine; preparing, dressing,
doing up properly ; — Hb', A burden, load,
weight.

a »We 'aba', A coarse cloth which serves
as an overcoat ; a cloak open in front, and
much resembling an English boat-cloak,
worn by dervishes and Bedouin Arabs ; un-
wholesome, indigestible ; a foolish fellow.

A s->We 'abdbi, Drink water with the
mouth (imp.) ;—'ibdb (v.n. 3 of v-js), Con-
tending about glory or augmentation ;-—
'ubab, A wave, surge, billow; an inundation,
overflow of water; a palm-leaf; first or
uppermost part of anything.

a lAj? Wc 'aba-posh, Dressed in a cloak.

a ^ Ue 'abd-doz, A cloak-maker.

A J^c 'ibdd, A servant ; (pi. of 'abd) ser-
vants ; holy men, devotees ; men, mankind ;
a society, fellowship ; certain dispersed
Arabian tribes who, in Hirah in Mesopo-
tamia, embraced Christianity.

A y^Uc 'abbdddn, Name of an island in
the Tigris.

a s*>Wfi Hbddat, Divine worship, adora-
tion ; obedience ; service, servitude ; pious
works.

a ^j^'jlpc 'ibddat-khfina, A house of
worship.

a jU?.A^c 'ibadat-kar, Religious, devout.

a sl&olf* Hbddat-gdh, A place of worship;
a church, chapel, mosque, temple, syna-
gogue,

a ^j>>>Wc Hbddati, A religious person, a
devotee ; a worshipper, adorer.

a 'abddilat, Name of four intimate

friends of Muhammad of the name of
'Abdu'Ihlh.

A ji^Wc 'abddid, Men or horses going
different roads ; — marra rdkib-an 'abddida-
hu, He went his own way.

a 'abbdr, An interpreter.

a 8 ; Wc 'ibdrat (v.n. of j-^), Interpreting
(a dream) ; explaining ; explanation, inter-
pretation, commentary ; trope, figure, me-
taphor; definition, sense, meaning ; phrase-
ology ; style ; word, dialect, idiom ; — 'ibdrat
Icardan, To speak in allusions, or metaphori-
cally ; to explain, to interpret.

a wJk* Hbdrat-arcii, Adornment of
style; word-painting.

a isjjlfC 'ibdrat-sanj, Attentive to
style.

a 'abbas, Of a stern or morose coun-
tenance, frowning, looking austere ; name
of Muhammad's uncle, and ancestor of the
Abbaside caliphs who reigned from A.D.
749 till the extinction of the caliphate in

1258; a lion; name of a plant, Marvel of
Peru, Mirabilis jalapa.

a- o*"^ 'abbdsl, Belonging unto the house
of Abbas ; also a species of coin named
from those caliphs; black (as the colour
affected by them) ; red colour (like the
flower of the plant described in the pre-
ceding article) ; — sauti 'abbdsl, A stentorian
voice ; — lashkari 'abbdsl, The Abbaside
army, afterwards used to signify the Turk-
ish troops.

a 'abbdsiydn, The princes of the

house of Abbas, the Abbasides.

a <jt>y ^Vfis 'abbasi-saut, One with a
sonorous voice, like that of Abbas ; a,
stentor.

a JV* 'abal, A thick mountain rose-tree,
from which sticks are made ; of such tree,
it is said, was Moses' rod; — 'ibdl (pi. of
'abld'), Whitish stones ; (pi. of 'ablat) per-
fectly formed and elegantly shaped (women).

a fW* 'abdm, A stuttering man ; helpless,
distressed; — 'ubdm, A great quantity (of
water).

a <J\*z 'abd'i, A saddle-cloth.

a 'ubab (pi. of 'ubbat), Berries of
nightshade ; the shrub Paltna Christi ; —
'ubub, Waters swelling and diffusing them-
selves.

a 'ulbat, A berry of the nightshade;
the shrub Palma Christi.

a ii-ffi 'abs (v.n.), Mixing up, preparing
the curd called aqit ; preparing the dish
called q.v. ; — 'abas (v.n.), Being vain,
idle, futile ; trifling, playing ; vanity, folly,
frivolity ; absurdity.

A 'abas-an, In vain.

a 'abd, A servant, slave ; a man (bond
or free) ; a sort of fragrant herb ; an arrow
or spear-head short and broad ; quicksilver ;
name of a mountain in the country of the
Band Asad ; also of another mountain ; also
of a place in the country of the tribe Taiy ;
I'abdi mamluk, A purchased slave ;] — 'abad.
Rage, anger ; reprobation, denial, refusal ;
a bad scab or itch ; penitence, self-dis-
placency ; sorrow, anxiety, loathing ; greed,
avarice.

a (_r*.>' i * c 'obdus, 'ubdus, Name of a man.

a 'abduh (for SJ-t^ HI and 'abdu-hu),
(I am) his servant or slave.

a 'aVdtyat, 'abdlya. Servitude, sla-

very ; submission, obedience; — dardhimi
'abdlya, Name of an excellent coinage.

a y~e. 'abr (v.n.), Crossing (a river) ; pass-
ing, travelling, walking ; explaining, inter-
preting (a dream) ; reading (a letter or
book) in silence ; weeping, being sad ; — 'ibr,
Tributary country, between the western
bank of the Euphrates and the Arabian
desert; name of a tribe; — 'ubr, Much (of
anything), many ; heat of the eye ; bereaved
of her children (woman) ; name of a tribe ;
clouds travelling fast; an eagle; — 'abar,

( 834 )

Weakness or heat of the eye from crying ;
— 'abir, Weeping;— 'ibar "(pi. of 'abrat),
Tears; (pl.of 'i&rai)examples ; admonitions;
miracles, wonders, signs ; — 'ubar, A shore,
river-bank ;— 'ubur (pi. of 'abur), TJncir-
cumcisecl.

a ij V 'ibrani, Hebraic, the Hebrew lan-
guage ; — ndmusi 'ibrdni, The Jewish law.

A 'ibrdniyat, The Hebrew language.

a 5^*c 'abrat (v.n. of^e), Weeping; being
sad and melancholy ; a tear just starting ;
silent grief, suppressed sobs ; explanation ;
— 'abrat, 'ubrat, The bank of a river ; —
Hbrat, A miracle, prodigy, mysterv; ex-
ample, warning; [Hbrat pazirufian, To take
warning or advice ; — Hbrat shwclan, To be
an example ; — Hbrati shash roza, A six days'
wonder, i.e. heaven and earth, creation;
(the word is also construed with bar-dash-
tan, dddan, giriftan, &e) ;] — 'ubrat, Much,
many ; a large quantity ; a crowd ; a kind
of bead.

a)-^} Lfj-js 'ibrat-amez, Mysterious; won-
drous.

a y&>\ uy^e 'ibrat-angex, Serving as a
warning or example ; admonitory.

a ur& ts^e Hbrat-balcksh, Exemplary.

a, t&g Hbrat-bln, Example-seeing ;

warning-seeing.

a ji^i &pt> 'ibrat-paztr, Taking warning
or example ; warned, admonished.

a Ui Hbrat-namd, Exemplary j

terious ; a prototype, exemplar.

a oj** Hbrat-nam-un, Mystical ;
derfub; — mazmuni 'ibrat-namiin, The
derful or mysterious contents.

a Sj*£ 'abra, 'ubra, Toll paid for the pro-
tection of travellers, or for the crossing of
a river, &c.

o tSrf* 'ibri, Hebrew, Hebraic.

a 'abs (v.n.), Being austere, frowning,
contracting the brows; mother of thyme;
name of a river ; also of a ward or quarter
of KXifah ; also of the father of a tribe ; —
'abas (v.n.), Having a dry hand and dirt
sticking to it ; dung, Ac. adhering to a
camel's tail.

a 'dbt (v.n.), Splitting, tearing (a new
garment); being torn or split; slaughter-
ing cattle without blemish or disease ; ab-
sconding, lying concealed; inventing (a
lie) ; going to battle cheerfully or without
cause ; newly-digging (earth or a well) ;
raising dust ; making (an udder) bleed ;
causing (a horse) to perspire; distressing
one (unmerited misfortune).

a sjW c 'ab'db, A tall man, corpulent and
handsome,

a 'ab'ab, The softness and graceful-
ness of youth ; a healthy, plump young
man ; a tall man ; a large garment ; a soft
garment made of camel's hair ; a mountain-
goat ; an idol-temple ; name of an idol ;
also of a man : also of a mountain.

mys-

won-
won-

a 'abaq, 'abq (v.n.), Adhering to any-
thing (perfume) ; dwelling in a place, being
fixed ; being greedy ; perfume ; scent ;
name of a man ; — 'abiq, Slightly scented or
perfumed.

AjS-c 'abqar, Name of a solitary place
where demons dwell, and to which the
Arabs refer everything choice or wonderful ;
name of a town noted for cloth.

a ij] 2 ** 'abqarl, Perfect in every respect,
excelled by none (see the preceding article).

a 'able (v.n.), Mixing things together.

A J** 'abl (v.n.), Twisting (a rope) ;
putting a long broad point to an arrow;
stripping (a tree) of leaves ; shedding
leaves (a tree) ; cutting ; detaining ; driv-
ing back ; putting forth leaves ; thick,
stout; \Jahlu 'z- zara'ain, Thick- armed ;] —
'abal (v.n.), Being thick; a curled and
jagged leaf of a tree ; a leaf fallen from a
tree ; a new leaf ; a twisted string ; the
fruit of a tree which is used for tanning.

A 'abn, Thickness and roughness of
body; — 'ubun, Plump and pleasant men;
— 'ahann, Large (camels, vultures, <fcc).

a &>Jj*c 'ubudlyat, Servitude, slavery ;
service (of God), adoration, devotion ; re-
verence, humble submission ■, — fehulus %
'ubudlyat, Sincere devotion and reverence.

Ajj-c 'abur, A young lamb or kid; un-
circumcised ; — 'vhur (v.n. of j*c), Crossing
(a river), traversing, travelling ; dying,
becoming extinct ; going through a book,
perusing; proficiency, mastery; a ford; a
pass, transit, passage ; — 'ubur namudan, To
cross over; — 'ubur umarur kardan, To come
and go (m.c.) ;-~baji 'ubur, Toll for a pas-
sage.

a 'ab was, A vast number ; — 'ahm,

Austere, morose, stern, grim ; adverse, un-
fortunate (a day) ; a lion; — 'ubus (v.n. of
(j-j.fi), Being austere, stern, frowning.

A i-j-e 'uh'sat, Austerity, moroseness.

a v»}*z 'abus-ruy, Of a frowning as-
pect, sullen countenance.

A 'abhar, The narcissus; jessamine;
anemone ; fleshy, delicate, beautiful, large,
tall ; — 'abJiari jdndn, The eye of a mistress ;
— 'abhari larzdn, A ringlet of the prophet.

a ^sjvt* 'abhari, Of or relating to the
narcissus.

a e~-e 'abis, An aromatic herb ; — Hbbls,
Much addicted to play or sport, pleased
with trifles or futilities, frivolous.

A o^c 'ahld (pi. of 'a bd), Servants, slaves ;
servants of God, devotees, pious men; —
%baid (dim. of 'abd), A little servant; name
of the father of a tribe; also of a horse.

Aj-yf" 'abir, Ambergris or any other
agreeable perfume ; a perfume composed of
musk, sandal- wood, and rose-water ; a com-
position in which saffron is an ingredient;
(incorrectly) saffron ; aloes wood ; con-
strued with the verbs damidan, fishdndan,

^ ( 835 )

nishdndan, &c.; — 'ablr soMttan, To burn
aloes wood ; — pur 'abir, Full of ambergris ;
fragrant, odoriferous.

» ts^l 'abir-alay, Imbued with am-
bergris.

dsC-

a ;*»'^» js*£ 'ablr-ta'slr, Having the effect
of ambergris ; fragrant as ambergris.

« j*k«> fix* 'ablr-ta'flr, Fragrant as amber-
gris.

a L&e** 'ablrl, Of ambergris, saffron,
&c.

a 'abit, Pure (blood) ; fresh (blood,
flesh, &c.) ; the flesh of an animal killed
without blemish or disease ; rent (garment).

A s- 1 ^ 'itab (v.n. of s-^), Chiding ;
['itab kardan, To chide, to reproach, reprove,
rebuke, rail at ; — 'itab u khitab, Words of
censure or displeasure, bickerings ; the
word is also construed "with barldan, Jcash-
idan, &e,;] — 'uttab, The inventor of a kind
of waved silk.

a 'atabi, A porter ; — 'ultdbi, 'uiaU,
A kind of rich undulated silk, named after
the inventor (see the preceding article) .

a Axe 'aidd (v.n. of Being ready,

prepared ; preparation or outfit (for a jour-
ney or war) ; a large cup.

A jLs* 'attar, A strong horse ; bold, brave ;
a rugged and desolate place.

A juc 'aiuq (v.n. of Being set free

(a male or female slave) ; becoming noble
or honourable ; liberty; — 'itdq (pi. of 'atlq),
Animals of the nobler kind (as high-blooded
horses, camels, or falcons) ; — 'utag, Old
generous wine, wine long kept.

a 'atdqat (v.n. of (j^c), Getting the
start, taking the lead (a horse) ; being set
free, manumission, liberty ; being old and
good (wine) ; being in excellent condition
(flocks, &c).

a 'ata'iq (pi. of 'atlqat), Manu-

mitted, emancipated, liberated (female
slaves),

A uwWic 'atabat (pi. of 'atabat). Steps;
the holy shrines (in Babylonia).

a 'atabat, 'ataba, A gate, a port ; the
threshold ; the lintel of a door ; the round
of a ladder, a step ; a royal court ; any-
thing adverse or disagreeable ; — 'utbat,
Name of a man.

a 'aiad, 'atid, Ready for the course (a
horse) ; strong, bulky, perfectly formed.

a yas 'atr (v.n.), Being strong, trembling,
vibrating (as a spear); erection; — 'itr,
Root, origin ; a dwarfish, thorny shrub ;
any animal offered for sacrifice ; name of a
tribe ; an idol ; the handle of a spade, rake,
or hoe ; also the part upon which the
delver sets his foot when digging ; delirious-
ness, raving, doting; — 'utur (pi. of 'dtir,
'atur), Open and ruttish (vulvae).

a SfSc 'itrat, Little balls formed of musk
or other aromatics, and worn as a necklace •,
a progeny, family, near relations ; a bit of

pure musk; sweet marjoram; — 'itratu
tdhirin, The family of Muhammad.

a <-J^y» 'utruf, <*-&ifc 'itrlf, A villain,
scoundrel ; a daring fellow careless of repu-
tation ; iniquitous, oppressive ; strong
(camel).

a <~Asc 'atf (v.n.), Plucking up (hairs,
wool, or feathers) ; — 'itf, A part of the
night.

a (jic 'atq (v.n.), Seizing with the teeth ;
being old and good (wine) ; wine long
kept ; managing (flocks) well ; being well
managed (flocks) ; taking the lead (horse ) ;
being clear but tender- skinned (on re-
covering from an indisposition) ; — 'itq,
Nobility ; liberty, freedom ; manumission ;
getting the start or lead (horse) ; — 'itq,
'utuq, Name of a tree from which bows are
made.

a usXsc >atk (v.n.), Adhering to the body
(unguents) ; rallying, repeating an attack
(in battle) ; running at with intention to
bite (horse) : drying on the thigh (dung
and urine of a camel) ; turning sour (milk,
&c.) ; inclining to ; — 'ataq (v.n.), Becoming
red with age (a bow) ; time,

a J» 'ail (v.n.), Dragging or using with
violence (a man) ; leading (a camel) ; —
'atal (v.n.), Making haste, running head-
long (to anything bad) ; — 'atil, One who
hastens to anything bad ; — 'utull, 'utul, A
savage, malignant man ; rough, harsh ; a
glutton ; a thick spear.

A j*jus 'atm (v.n.), Delaying, being slow,
late ; desisting from any undertaking ;
having passed (part of the night) ; milking
at even (camels) ; departing at even, bring-
ing or sending anything at. that time ;
pulling out the hair ; — 'utm. Name of a
man; also of a horse; — 'utm, 'utum, The
wild olive.

a 'atamat, A third division of the
night, beginning at the evening twilight;
the time of the last evening prayer ; return
of cattle from pasture ; milk remaining in
the udder after the milking at even-tide.

a 'atn (v.n.), Dragging, hauling to
prison (a debtor); — 'utun (pi. of 'dtin,
'atun), Strong, vehement (men).

a 'atw, 'utuw (v.n. of Exceeding all
bounds in- wickedness, insolence, or pride ;
reaching extreme old age ; — 'utuw u bagltza,,
Haughtiness and extreme hatred.

a -if^ 'atiid, A kid one year old ; the lote-
tree ; the acacia-tree ; — 'itwad, Name of a
valley or river.

a liiyui 'utuk (v.n. of «s!ue), Departing
alone, travelling, rambling ; meeting, en-
countering (for good or evil) ; perjuring
oneself ; being disobedient, nntractable
(wife) ; becoming red with age (a bow).

a 'atum Giving milk only in the
evening (a she camel).

a Ase 'ath, 'uth, 'atah (v.n.), Being dia-

tracted in mind, stupid ; being eager to
learn; delighting to molest or to mimic
another's talk.

a 0 *<= 'all, Proud, overbearing ; low,
mean ; — 'itiy, 'idly (v.n. of j^), Being proud,
haughty ; reaching extreme old age, begin-
ning to break.

a s < i *e 'atib, Name of the father of a
tribe in Taman.

a tj*** 'atiq, Liberated, manumitted, dis-
charged, free ; old, ancient, antique ; chronic
(disease) ; noble, generous, choice, excel-
lent ; milk ; wine ; dates ; a surname of
Abii Bakr; — baiti 'cdiq^he temple of Mecca,
the Ka'bah.

a iajxc 'atiqa, Manumitted, freed (female
slave).

a «si*^c 'atik, Sultry (day) ; name of a
branch of the tribe Azd.

a J**e 'aUl, A hireling, a servant.

A 'ass (v.n.), Gnawing, fretting (as
a moth) ; importunity ; quarrelsomeness ;
the bite of a snake ; — 'uss (pi. of 'ussat),
Moths, &c.

Aj^ 'asdr, Evil, adversity, an unlucky
affair ; — 'isdr (v.n. of Stumbling,
striking the foot against anything, falling.

A u^ie 'usdn (v.n. of (j-^), Smoking
(fire) ; smoke; dust; name of a place.

a ^jUc 'usdy, Perverseness, depravity ; a
darkish colour ; foolish, stupid ; hairy.

a <s-i£ 'ussat, A moth ; a book-worm ; a
serpent that eats another serpent through
hunger in a barren year ; an old woman;
also one silly and shameless.

A_p£ asr (v.n.), Stumbling or falling;
perceiving, discovering ; telling falsehoods ;
name of a city in Taman ; — 'usr, An eagle ;
— 'usr, 'agar, A lie, a falsehood ; — 'assar,
A place abounding in lions.

a Sjia 'asrat, A slip, stumble ; offence,
sin, crime.

a ii~»te 'ds'as, A hill of sand producing
nothing ; soft earth ; name of a mountain
near Madiuah.

A 'asak, 'asik, 'usak, 'usuk, Roots of
the palm-tree.

A J^S* 'iskal, Jj^ e 'ushul, 'ushiilat,
A branch of the palm-tree laden with
many clusters.

a 'asm (v,n.), Setting crookedly a
broken (bone); being thus set; sewing
slightly (a wallet) ; a badly set bone or
arm.

a (jLfcic 'usmdn, The ancestor of the Sultan
of Turkey ; a young bustard or dragon ; a
serpent or its young; — 'usmanu bnu 'Affdn,
Name of the third successor of Muhammad.

a t jliU^c 'usmunlii, and —

a ,j>Ute 'usm&ni, Descended from, be-
longing to, Osman, Osmanli, Ottoman,
Turkish.

a (j^>iUi£ 'usmdniyan, Turks, Ottomans.
A yic 'asn (v.n.), Smoking (as a fire) ;

836 ) vr*=^

ascending (a mountain) ; — Hsu, A kind of
palm-leaf eaten green by cattle ; a manager
of an estate or property; a herdsman;
wool ; — 'asan, A small idol ; smoke ; per-
fume adhering to the clothes ; — 'asin, Un-
fit to be eaten through smoke (food).

aj£c <asw (v.n.), Committing depreda-
tions, damaging, doing mischief.

a j^ic 'astir, failing, fading (world) ; apt
to trip ; — 'usur (v.n. of jic), Comprehend-
ing, understanding ; sagacious.

a (jjxc 'usun (v.n. of y-ic), Smoking ;
ascending a mountain.

a pJs 'aslr (v.n. of y^), Stumbling, fall-
ing; — Hsyar, Dust; a slight mark or im-
pression.

A jjc 'ajj (v.n.), Scattering dust (wind) ;
being clamorous, noisy, vociferous ; peal-
ing (thunder) ; driving a camel by calling
out to him 'dji, 'dji.
a yl*c 'ujdb, A wonderful thing, wonder.
a eW c 'ajdj, Dust ; smoke ; foolish, igno-
rant ; — 'ajjaj, Hard-blowing, dusty (day) ;
making a great noise ; name of a renowned
poet.

A vjVa^e 'ijdf, Misfortune ; time ; fortune ;
the colocynth, the wild gourd ; (pi. of
a'jaf) lean, emaciated ; thin (spear-heads) ;
—'■ujdf, A kind of date.

a 'ijdlat, A kind of plant ; — 'ijdlat,

'ujdlat, Anything that is ready and at
hand ; anything hastily procured and set
before a guest ; early fruit, new corn, &c. ;
making haste ; haste, speed ; anticipation ;
— 'ijdlatn 'l-ivaqt bi-insijdm, Early fruit not
watered (implying anything done or written
hastily, without being well digested) ; — 'ijd-
lati wall-'aJid, Heir presumptive to the
throne (m.c).

A pV^c 'lijtim, A fruit-stone ; — 'ajjdm, A
large bat ; a swallow.

a 'ijdn, The ligament or seam be-

tween the scrotum and anus, the perinseum;
the fundament ; the neck; the part below
the chin ; — 'ajjdn, An idiot, fool, simpleton ;
an ignoramus.

a s-jW* 'ajd'ib (pi. of 'ajib), uw^ll^c
'ajd'ibdi (pi. of pi.), in P. also used as sin-
gular, Wonders, miracles, prodigies ; curio-
sities ; — 'ajd'ibu 'd-dunyd, The wonders of
the world ; — 'aja'ibi makhluqa, The wonders
of creation; monsters; — 'aja'ib u ghard'ib,
Wonderful and strange things.
a s-S^ 'ajd'ib-kkdna, A museum.
a j^j-jV^c 'ajdyabi, 'aja'ibi, A sort of tent;
an under-garment ; a kind of vest.

Ajf^^A 'ajd'iz (pi. of 'ajuz), Old women.
a s-** 'ajb, Termination of sandy tracts;
root of a horse's tail ; rump-bone ; the
hinder part of anything ; name of a tribe ;
— 'ujb, Pride, presumption ; haughtiness ;
self - admiration, conceit ; \_fakhr u 'ujb
leardan. To think highly of oneself;] —
'ujb ('<» jb, 'ijb) , A man fond of the society

( 837 )

of women, or in whose society ■women find
pleasure ; — 'ajab (v.n.), Being astonished,
remaining thunderstruck, being lost in ad-
miration ; strange, marvellous, wonderful ;
rare; droll; admiration, wonder, astonish-
ment ; — 'ajabu 'l-'ajd'ib, A wonder of won-
ders, strange portents; monstrous appear-
ances ; — 'ajab daehtan, To wonder, to be
surprised ; — 'ajah mdndan, To remain asto-
nished ; — al-'ajab, Strange !

A %*£'ajdb-an, P. 'ajaba, Astonish-
ing ! Btrange !

a •>•) 'ajab-rud, A psaltery ; the

sound of a musical pipe.

a ti)U^»e 'ajabndk, Astonished, amazed.

a 'ujjat, An egg-fritter, omelette, to
which sometimes a little meat, onions, and
pepper are added.

a Ju^s 'ajd, 'vjd, Grape-stones ; bad
raisins; — 'ujd, Dried grapes; — 'ajad (pi. of
'ajadat), Crows.

a S-v^ 'ajadat, A crow.

a 'ajr (v.n. of j***), Rushing (upon
one with a sword) ; lifting up the tail (a
horse) ; running fast; turning the neck ; —
'ijr, 'ujr, Hard, rough ; — 'ajar (v.n.), Being
bulky and strong ; protuberance ; — 'ajir,
'ajur, Thick ; — 'ujar (pi. of 'ujrat), Knots
in wood or in the veins of the body, &c.

a iy^A Hjrat, The mode of tying the tur-
ban; — 'ujrat, A knot in wood or in the
veins of the body ; a blemish, defect ; a
difficult and intricate affair.

Aj^c l ajz (v.n.), BeiDg infirm, weak;
weakness, infirmity, impotence ; helpless-
ness ; submission ; wretchedness ; — 'age, 'ijz,
i njx, 'ajiz, 'ajuz, Buttocks ; back-side of any-
thing; — 'ujuz (pi. of 'ajiits). Old women.

A 'ajs (v.n.), detaining, detaining,

hindering, throwing obstacles in the way,
creating delays ; grasping, clutching; run-
ning off the road with her rider from skit-
tishness (camel) ; — 'ajs, Hjs, 'ujs ('eyas,
'ajis, 'ajust), The middle or handle of a
how ; the latter part of the night.

a Ui*pz 'ajf (v.n.), Abstaining from eat-
ing, although hungry, that another may
have enough ; accommodating oneself to
the wants or humours of a sick person ; —
'ajaf (v.n.), Being lean, losing fat (cattle) ;
leanness, loss of fat.

A J^c <ijl, A calf ; name of a tribe ; —
'ujl, Whatever is ready at hand (for the
entertainment of a guest) ; — 'ajal (v,n.),
Making haste; haste, expedition, despatch;
mud, clay ; — 'ajil, 'ajul, Quick, speedy,
nimble; — Hjal (pi. of Hjlat), Bottles of oil ;
water-wheels; wallets $ heifers; — 'ujul (pi.
of 'ajul), Bereaved (mothers) distracted by
the loss of their young.

a &l^c 'ajalat, Haste, velocity, expedi-
tion, precipitation ; a carriage, vehicle, cart,
waggon; a large pulley for drawing water;
a water-wheel ; — 'ijlat A cow-calf, heifer;

a bottle ; a water-wheel ; — 'ujlat, New milk
which a milker sends home to his friends;
whatever is ready at hand.

a (»^c 'ajm (v.n.), Seizing or biting with
the teeth to try whether a substance is hard
or soft ; assaying, proving, examining ;
marking (a letter, &c.) with points ; little
or young camels ; the root of a horse's
tail ; — 'ujm, Root of the tail ; a grape-stone;
"barbarians, persons other than Arabians ;
foreigners ; — 'ajam, A barbarian (not born
Arabian) ; barbarians ; a Persian ; Persia ;
fruit-stones ; — nafti 'ajam, Oil extracted
from fruit -stones ; — leilayati 'ajam, Persia.

A c U.a>e 'ajma' (fern, of a' jam), A dumb
woman ; a Persian woman ; a mental
prayer.

a 'ujrnat, Barbarism ; foreigmiess ;

an impediment of the tongue ; — 'ajamat, A
palm-tree sprang from a seed-stone; a
hard rock.

a (vjb^-t-qsc 'ajamistan, Persia.

a ^s*^ 'ajaml, Barbarian, foreign, al-
though a correct speaker of Arabic ; a
Persian ; inexperienced, raw ; a novice.

A. <%*^c 'ajamiyat, Barbarism, foreignness.

A 'ajn (v.n.), Making up a mass of
paste, kneading ; striking the ground with
the feet; leaning upon the hands in rising
(a weak or old man) ; — 'ajan (v.n.), Being
fat ; being affected with a tumour which
prevents conception (a camel) ; — 'ajin, Fat
and firm of body (camel) ; — 'ujun (pi. of
'ajin), Effeminate ; (pi. of Hjan) perinsea.

Aj*s 'ajw (v.n.), Suckling (an infant).

a 'wjuha, Wonderful ; a wonderful
thing, a miracle.

a 'ujubdhd (P. pi. of the preceding),
Wonders.

A fij^rc 'ajwat, A fine Madina date (the
eating of seven of which in the morning,
according to the Prophet, keeps a man
free from every ailment) ; date- paste ; a
delaying to suckle an infant beyond the
proper time ; — 'ujwat, The milk with which
an orphan child is fed.

A frspc- 'ajuz, An old woman (applied to
many things in a metaphorical or ironical
sense which will be easily gathered from
the context) ; ['ajuzi bad-nama, An ill-
looking old woman ; — 'ajiizi IchusKk-pistan,
A dry-brcasted old woman, i.e. who has
never borne children ; the disappointing
world ; — aiyamu 'l-'ajuz, bardi 'ajuz, Five
(or according to some seven) days of ex-
treme cold at the winter-solstice, called
sinn, sinnabr, wabr, al-dmir, al-mu'tamir,
al-mu'allil, and mutftu 'l-jamr (or muk-
fi'u'z~za'n;~\ — 'vjuz (v.n. of yip**), Leaving
undone what ought to be done ; weakness,
impotence; waxing old (a woman).

A 'ajuzat, 'ajuza, An old woman ; —

'ajuza'i fartiit, The world full of troubles.

A tr 4 }* 0 'ajm, Pouring down copiously

( 838 )

(rain) ; a heavy cloud ; — 'ujue, The march
of a large herd of camels.

a Jj^e 'ajal, Fast-going ; death ; break-
fast, a whet; bereaved (woman) ; distracted
for the loss of her colt (she-camel, &c.) ; —
'ujiil (pi. of 'ijl), Calves ; — 'ijjaul, A calf ;
a handful of dates ; a quantity of dates
eaten in haste with milk and flour.

a s-**^ 'ajib, Wonderful, strange, sur-
prising, astonishing ; rare, unique ; — 'ajibu
'l-ihalqa, Strange-looking, of a curious
make (m.c).

a &«<s=£ 'ajibat, 'ajtba, A thing wonderful
or worthy of admiration ; a marvel, a
wonder.

a 'ajibi, A sort of tent.

'ajir, tr**^ 'ajis, Impotent (man
or stallion).

a 'apz, The buttocks ; impotent.

a J~»c 'ajil, Making haste, quick, speedy,
nimble ; — 'ujail, A whet before dinner ;
anything prepared in haste.

O*** 'ajin, (v.n. of t>^c), Kneading,
kneaded ; effeminate ; flour and water,
paste, dough ; an electuary ; — 'ajin dmadan,
To be kneaded.

a ac 'add (v.n,), Numbering, counting,
computing, reckoning, estimating ; nume-
ration, number; — 'idd, A perennial foun-
tain ; an old well ; a multitude ; a fellow, a
companion ; alike, equal ; [zu 'idd, Nume-
rous ;] — 'udd, A pimple breaking out on
the face of a beauty.

a oW 'add' (v.n. of j-" 5 ), Transgressing
(the law) ; acting unjustly towards another ;
any employment which diverts the mind
from another pursuit ; length and breadth ;
distance ; — 'idd' (v.n. 3 of ;Ac), Passing
through one to another (as piercing two
animals with one shot) ; (pi. of 'idw), thin
flat stones with which things are covered ;
(pi. of 'idwat, 'udwat) high places ; (pi. of
'idicaf) banks of rivers ; — 'idd, 'add, One
heat at a race j length, breadth, limit,
extent.

A s-^ae 'addb, A place thin of sand.

A sYac 'uddt (pi. of 'ddi), Enemies.

a jW 'iddd, Number, enumeration; a
gift, present ; the twang of a bow-string ;
the pain from the bite of a scorpion or
snake, which grows raw and rankles on the
anniversary ; a fit of madness ; the hour of
death ; — 'iddd kardan, To prepare ; to
number.

'uddf, Anything (eatable).
a &!\ac 'addlai (v.n. of Jac), Being just,
right, equitable, lawful, legitimate ; justice,
equity, law; a court of justice; — 'addlati
&haftfa (khurd), A small-cause court; —
'addlati diwdnl, A civil court; — 'addlati
favjddri, A criminal court; — 'addlati qd-
eima, Distributive justice; — 'addlai kardan,
To administer justice, to proceed with
equity ; — 'addlati mal, A court of revenue ;

— 'addlati majdz, A competent court or
tribunal; — dar payi 'addlai hind, The foot
of justice is henna-stained, i.e. justice
flourishes, is firmly established.

a- «Uj oJW 'addlat-panuh, Asylum of
justice.

a &^*> mJlAc 'adalat-pesha, Practiser of
justice.

a <j*y> vsJW 'addlat-qarin, Connected
with justice.

a 'addlati, Equitable, just, right,

true ; legal, judicial ; actionable.

a ^j-yJW 'adtilatain (obi. du. used as
nom.), The two courts of law, i.e. civil and
criminal.

a (>\-^ 'addm, A kind of dates growing
in Madinah.

a (jW 'adan, Shore (of the sea) ; bank
(of a river) ; space of seven years ; — 'adddn,
The first and best part of anything.

A 8j1 ac 'ada,wat, Enmity, hatred, hostility ;
• — 'addwat hi 'l-qasd, Malice prepense.

a (fijS ki>jW 'adawat-guzin, Inimical.

a ^^ac 'addwati, Inimical, hostile ; ma-
licious ; felonious.

a Sac 'idat (v.n, of -"^), Promising;
threatening; a promise ; a threat ; — 'iddat,
Number, multitude (of children) ; many ;
the time of probation of a divorced or
widowed woman before she can engage in
another marriage, in order to determine
whether she be pregnant or not by the
former husband; — 'uddat, Disposition, pre-
paration, readiness ; a provision made for
any necessary occasion (as scarcity, Ac.) ; a
pimple or eruption on a comely face.

A jac 'adad, Number ; numbered ; the
computed years of a person's life; a figure,
a coefficient ; one (of anything) ; the first
term of a series ; a prime number ; ['adadi
tdmm, A perfect number, i.e. whose aliquot
parts joined together make that whole
number, as 1 + 2 + 3 = 6; — 'adadi sahih, A
whole number, an integer, an unit; — 'adadi
Jcaslr, A great multitude; — ' adadi murakkab,
A compound number; — 'adadi mutlaq(zdti),
A cardinal number ; — 'adadi wasfi, An ordi-
nal number ;] — 'idad, The return of the
pain from the bite of a scorpion, &c. at the
end of a year ; — 'udad (pi. of 'uddat), Pre-
parations (especially against a time of scar-
city).

a ^oac 'adadi, Numeral, numerical.
^jAc 'adarnd, Glasswort; pearl-ashes,
lye.

a ^-ac 'ads (v.n.), Wandering; trampling
hard, treading down ; pasturing, tending
(cattle) ; calling out to a male ; — Was, A
lentil ; a fatal boil on the body ; — 'udas,
Name of a harsh muleteer who lived in the
time of Solomon.

a <-*ac 'adf (v.n.), Eating; anything eat-
able ; a little fodder ; a small present ; —
'idf, Part (of the night, &c.) ; a company

d** ( 839 )

of men (from 10 to 50) ;—'udf, Eatables ;
— 'adaf, Motes in the eye ; — 'idaf, A com-
pany of men (as above).

a jic 'adq (v.n.), Collecting, gathering ;
—-'adaq (v.n.), Putting the hand into a
pond, &c. in order to seek for a thing ;
doing anything on a presumption without
certain knowledge.

a iaUe 'adh (v.n.), Beating wool with a
mallet.

a J^c 'adl (v.n.), Appointing what is
just,_ administering justice; equalising,
making of one weight ; measuring ; being
like, equal to; equity, justice, rectitude,
integrity ; recompense, redemption, ransom;
an ordinance of God, a religious duty ;
just, equitable ; legal, unobjectionable,
competent (witness) ; like, equal (but not
of the same kind) ; deviation from the right
way, irregularity, anomaly; name of a
sanguinary and tyrannical man ; ['adl ba-
dani tarazu, Equilibrium of the scales of a
balance ;]— Hdl, Anything equal or equi-
ponderant to another (being of the same
kind) ; what a beast of burden carries on
one side; — 'adal (v.n.), Equalizing the two
packages of a horse, &c.

a Hjss 'adlat, 'adla, Just (woman) ; —
'adalat, 'adala, Persons competent to give
evidence; — 'udalat, An unobjectionable
witness.

a ($*t\ J 'adl- ay in, Adorned with or
loving and exercising justice.

a )jy> Jac 'adl-j>arwar,A just king or judge.

a \$f~> J«ic 'adl-gustari, Administration
of justice.

a (J^c 'adall, A sort of good money.

a fiic 'udm (v.n.), Becoming poor ; —
'udm, 'adam (v.n.), Losing, being deprived
of, wanting; — 'udm, 'adam, 'udam (mostly
'adam), Want, privation, defect, inexistence,
nonentity, nothingness ; annihilation ; loss ;
absence ; paucity, deficiency, default ; non-
performance, non-observance ; poverty ;
['adami iltifdt, Unconcern, uneoncernedness ;
want of proper regard, indifference ; taking
no notice of; — 'adambdz dadan, To annihi-
late, to destroy ;] — 'adim, Poor, indigent.

a oUac 'udamd' (pi. of 'adim), Poor, indi-
gent, needy (persons).

a o^l |»o* 'adam-dbdd, An abode or place
of non-existence.

'adxttn-ifyzar, Non-appearance,
non-attendance.

a o*eU=£^ j»ac 'adam-istitd'at, Insufficiency
or want of means ; no assets ; insolvency ;
disability, lack of power.

a |»-ic 'adam-iqrdr, Non-existence of
a promise, non-assumpsit.

a 'adam-indirdj , Non- entry.

a 'adam-hdziri, Default of ap-

pearance.

a <uU fj* 'adam-MiAna, j\j 'adam-zdr,
stf j»ab 'adam-gdh, — q.v.

a cS ^^ c 'adami, Privative ; non-existent.
A yJ* 'adn (v.n.), Settling in any country j
remaining in one place (as cattle at pas-
ture) ; pulliug up (a stone) ; pruning with
a hatchet (a tree) ; [janndti 'adn, The gar-
dens of paradise;] — 'adan, A permanent
dwelling ; Eden ; the town now called Aden
(also named 'adan abln).

a y^-^c 'adndn, Name of an ancestor of
Muhammad, renowned for his eloquence.
<iS>J>fc 'adang, Foolish, stupid.
a 'adam, A native of Aden.
A 'adw (v.n.), Averting, diverting
from; passing by or over, leaving; run-
ning; rushing upon; being iniquitous, un-
just, oppressive; — 'iciw, The length, breadth,
extent, or limit of a thing ; limit, extre-
mity ; a thin flat stone with which anything
may be covered; — 'adilw, 'adit, An enemy,
enemies (sing, and pi., masc. and fem.) ; —
'uduvi (v.n. of jJ>c), Eunning, passing by;
being iniquitous, unjust, oppressive.

a yVjAe Hdwan (v.n. of j*^}, Being iniqui-
tous ; hating; — 'udwdn,=^ 'adw q.v. ; [ahli
'udwdn, Resentful, rancorous, inimical; —
bugkz u 'udwdn, Hatred and enmity ; —
ghaiz u 'udwan, Indignation and hatred;]
— 'a'd^an (v.n. of jJ*), Bushing upon;
Tunning ; who runs fast ; — zu 'adawdn,
Very rapacious, cruel, fierce.

a vjJ* 'adiib, Many sands, abundant
sand.

a 'adit-band, Subduer of enemies.

a Sjjkc 'adwat, 'idwat, 'udwat, The side of
a river ; — 'idwat, 'adwat, Length, breadth,
extent; limit, extremity; a thin stone or
slab for covering; a high place; — 'udwat,
A distant place; high ground.

a J^j* 'adaul, Name of a renowned ship-
builder; — 'udid (v.n. of J^), Returning;
swerving, deviating, wandering, receding,
deserting ; declining, inclining ; refusing ;
disobedience, insubordination; reversion;
defection, deviation ; (pi. of 'ddil) just,
equitable (men) ; (pi. of Hdl) things equal
or equiponderant ; — 'udid namiidan, To turn
away from.

a <¥ S^ J ; .ic 'udul-hukm, Disobedient, re-
fractory.

a ^*&=- JjJ^ 'udul-hukmi, Disobedience,
refractoriness, insubordination; evasion of
a sentence or process.

a JU 'adu-mal, Crushing foea.
A 'adwd, Assistance, aid, protection ;
contagion, infection ; any contagious dis-
ease ;—'udicd (v.n. of } ^), Transgressing,
being iniquitous, unjust ; hostility, hatred ;
— 'adawi, Inimical ; of the tribe of 'Adl ; —
'idawl, Promissory.

a } \j 'idda-ddr bikr, Wine not yet
tasted ; an unbroached cask of wine.

a 'adti (v.n. of ;J*) ( Running, wishing
to run; — 'idd, 'add, A side, quarter; a river's
brink ; a thin slab for covering a thing ; —

( 840 ) jte-

Hdd, 'udd, Enemies ; strangers, travellers ;
— 'adiy, 'adi, Name of a branch of the tribe
of Quraish ; name of a son of Hatim Taiy ;
(pi. of 'adi) runners ready to start ; — 'idly,
'idi, Promissory.

a ^jae 'adid, Numerous ; a number; enu-
merated ; a companion, fellow, match ;
equal, alike ; a widow's weeds.

a 'adtdat, 'adlda, A lot, part, por-

tion.

A Jj^e 'adll, In quantity or weight equal
to a load on one side of a horse or camel ;
counterbalancing load ; equal, alike ; just,
equitable ; a rival.

a ^.ac 'adim, Destitute, poor, indigent ;
non-existent ; senseless, crazed, a fool ;
— 'adimu'l-mistil, Incomparable ; a non-
pareil ; — 'adimu'n-nazir, Matchless, peer-
less ; — 'adlmu'l-wafa, Faithless, dishonest.

a s->^ 'azab, Pain, punishment ; torment,
torture, martyrdom ; construed with the
verbs burdan, kardan, kaehidan, &c. ; — ■
'azabu 'l-hartq, The punishment of hell -fire ;
— 'azabi alim, Severe punishment ; — 'azabu
'uzabm, Incessant torture, torment ' from
which there is no escape ; — 'azabi hudhiid,
A punishment inflicted on the hudhud by
Solomon.

giAN ^.ie 'azdb-alfanj, Distressing the
heart.

a j\Ac 'izdr, The cheek ; the face ; that
part of the jaws over which the bridle
passes to the head ; the headstall of a
horse's bridle ; the side of the beard ;
whiskers (m.c.) ; an entertainment on
finishing a house, circumcising a child, ifcc. ;
Bhame ; — 'arzi 'izdr kardan, To uncover the
face, to appear or show oneself.

a «-J\ic 'azdf, Anything eatable ; — 'uzdf,
Deadly poison.

a 'azzal, A railer, accuser ; — 'uzzdl
(pi. of 'dzil), Eailers.

A Wic 'azzdlat, The fundament.

a |»\Ab 'azzdm, A flea; — 'uzzdm, Name of
a thorny desert-shrub.

A 'azb (v.n.), Hindering; prohibit-

ing ; abstaining from food through exces-
sive thirst ; sweet water ; food and drink
which glides easily down the throat ; name
of a tree ; — 'azab, That which accompanies
the birth ; sticks, straws, motes ; the ex-
tremity of anything ; the tip of a camel's
yard ; a string by which scales are lifted ;
a strap hanging from the hinder part of a
camel's saddle; name of a tree; — 'azib
(zu 'azab), Water covered with moss or
fenny weed, water on which rubbish floats.

a iiiAe 'azaba, The lash of a whip ; the
strin g by which a balance is suspended ; —
'azba, The fruit of the tamarisk.

A jic <azr (v.n. of j-ie), Circumcising;
giving an entertainment on this occasion ;
putting the headstall ('izdr) on a horse,
bridling him ; being prolific in vices, sins,

mischief ; — 'uzr (v.n.), Excusing ; excuse,
apology, pretext ; objection ; virginity ; the
attainment or accomplishment of one's
wants or wishes, good success, fortunate
issue, viotory, conquest ; ['«*r dwardan
(bastan), To apologise; — 'iizr badtar az
gunah (zi gundh-ash badtar), The (his) ex-
cuse is worse than the (his) fault ; — 'uzr
justan (khwastan). To ask pardon ; to make
excuses for having given trouble, i.e. to
offer thanks (m.c.) ; — 'uzr ddshtan, To have
an excuse to offer ; — 'uzri qadwm, "Welcome
(a form of salutation) ; — 'uzr kardan (gv.f-
tan, nihadan), To make an excuse or
apology; — 'uzri lang, A lame excuse; —
'uzri ma fat, An excuse for past faults ; — ■
'uzri maqbul, An accepted or acceptable
excuse ; — abu 'uzr, The first husband, the
husband of a virgin ;— zu 'uzr, Excusable ;]
— 'uzur (pi. of 'dzir), Apologists; situations
urged in extenuation of a fault.

a b^ac 'azrd', 'azrd, A virgin ; a mistress ;
the sign Virgo ; an unbored pearl ; one of
the names of Madinah ; plainly, openly ;
one after another, in succession ; a word
used at the game of nard ; name of the
mistress of Wamiq ; also of a place near
Damascus ; also of a village in Syria.

A 'uzrat (pi. of 'uzrat), Excuses,

apologies.

a _y\ 'uzr-awar, One who offers an ex-
cuse; an apologist, apologise r.

* t5j^ j 1 " 1 'uzr-dwarl, The offering of ex-
cuses, the asking of forgiveness.

a jj^j 'uzr-pazlr, Excuse-accepting ;
excusable; admissible (a plea).

a 'izrat, A mode of excuse; — 'uzrat,
'uzr a,, Virginity ; the taking of it ; circum-
cision ; a pain in the throat from inflam-
mation ; a horse's forelock ; also the mane
of his withers ; name of a tribe in Yaman ;
an instrument of torture to extort con-
fession ; five stars in the extremity of the
milky way ; the sign Gemini ; sand yet
untrodden ; a pearl not yet bored ; Madina ;
a place near Damascus ; a village in Syria ;
— 'azirat, Dung, human excrement, ordure.

a 4^4- jj£ 'itzr-khwdh, Seeking an excuse,
asking pardon ; an apologist ; apologizer.

a Ailal^s- jj* 'uzr-kjiwdhdna, As an ex-
cuse.

a o^V- 'uzr-khpdM, Excuse; an

apology ; excusing oneself for not attend-
ing a funeral ; condolence (in India) ; —
'uzr-khwdhi namddan, To beg pardon ; to
offer an excuse ; to apologize.

a jta jie 'uzr-ddr, Having a plea ; offering
an excuse ; objecting.

a <_s ; W •uzr-ddri, A plea or excuse
proffered; a statement of objections; a
cross-demand, a caveat (in India).

o.jL. ; ic 'uzr-sdz, jic 'uzr-sanj, Who
effers an excuse.

a J* } i> _)•"> 'uzr-niyoeh O-^j** 'niyoahd,

jJ^ { 841 ) \p.

yU^J niyoshdn), Who listens to or accepts
an excuse.

a isJUSjic 'aziranak, Full of rubbish and
filth.

a Jjcic 'uzrd (v.n. of Excusing.

a <azq (v.n.), Upbraiding one with
anything infamous; charging, imputing,
accusing ; a palm-tree in fruit ; lopping
the branches of a palm-tree; tying a flock
of different-coloured wool on cattle to dis-
tinguish them ; producing an ear (the sweet
rush) ; — 'izq, A bunch of dates, or grapes;
any branch bearing twigs ; name of a citadel
in Madinah ; — 'izaq, 'azaq, A place abound-
ing in water and lote-trees ; — 'agiq. Artful,
clever, knowing (man) ; strong, fragrant
(perfume).

a 4iUic 'azqanat, A clamorous, bawling
woman.

a *iJ* 'azqat, Hzqat, A mark of different-
coloured wool round tb.e neck of a sheep, &c.

a Jic 'azl (v.n.) Reproving, chiding; —
'azl, 'azal, Reprehension ; — 'uzul, Sultry
(days).

A fie 'azm (v.n.), Biting (as a horse) ;
eating voraciously ; reproaching, reviling
(her husband), repelling his advances (a
wife) ; — 'azam, Name of a plant ; also of a
valley or river in Yaman ; — 'azim, (A horee)
given to biting, or biting hard ; — 'uzum
(pi. of 'azzdm), Fleas.

A 'uztibat (v.n. of s->- ic ), Being pure
(water) ; purity or sweetness of water.

a ^->^c 'azib, Name of a river.

a 'azir, One who excuses, an apolo-
gist ; an assistant, defender ; a convivial
meeting ; an entertainment on the occasion
of completing a house or circumcising a
child.

a f- 'arr (v.n.), Injuring, vexing, render-
ing sad (anyone) ; being scabby; the scab ;
— 'urr, An ulcer in a young camel's neck;
a disease which causes a camel's coat to
fall off ; the scab ; a boy, a lad ; name of a
mountain near Aden.

a o^y= 'ara , An open place, area ; spacious
place in the open air ; an empty place ; sur-
face of the ground ; — 'ira, Riding (horses)
without saddles; (in P.) a square between
the king and the rook at chess.

a v» V 'arab, Fruit of a tree, from whoso
bark ropes are made ; — 'irtib, Fine Arab
horses or camels.

a u^/ 5 'crabacht, A carter.

a &i\ja 'araba, A curricle ; a two- wheel
cart ; (local in India) a magazine, a dep6t
of arms and ammunition.

A 1^1/= 'ardjin (pi. of 'urjun), Bunches
of dates (dry), stalks of bunches.

A ^ 'arad, Any thick, hard plant; name
of a certain plant ; — 'arr ad, Name of a cele-
brated horse ; also of a traditionist.

a iS\f- 'arddat, A female locust; name of
several horses; also of a man; — 'arrddat,

'oirr<ada, A fciird of small balista or engine
for hurling missiles;; a vehicle, a*art (ni.c.)^
a truck (uuf.) ; a gun-carriage (m.c); «
wheel <m.c.) ; wjm -ai » village in -the
neighbourhood of N.isibis ; — 'arrdda'i bar
(Jwe, bar-hash), A cart for carrying h«avy
loads, a baiggage-cart (na.c.) ; — 'arrdda'i top,
A cannon (m.c) ; — 'arrdda'i tulumba, A
wheeled fire-engine (m.c),

AjjJjc 'aivlr, A fr&graart forest-herb re.
sembliing camomile ; name of a bullock that
fought with *wwther called haM until both
were killed ; bea.ee proverbial for a person
who is a match for another ; a being equal
to, or match for ; retaliation, lex talionis ;
a valley or river ; — Hra,r (v.n. of Making
a noise (male ostrich) ; name of a man.
a (j-^r 0 'wis, A rope for binding a camel.
a yd/: 'iras (pi. of 'ar$at), Court-yards,
areas, open spaces without buildings;—-
'arras, A thundering, flashing cloud ; tre-
mulous, limber (a spear or sword).

a yM/s 'ir«z (v.n. 3 of v/r=), Going side
by side, and step for step; doing equal
with another ; collating (books) ; removing
from, shunning, avoiding ; bringing a fe-
male to a stallion for him to cover her -
covering when thus brought to him ; a
broad mark on the thigh or buttocks (of a
camel, &c.) ; (pi. of 'aru ) broad, wide ; —
'ur&z, Broad, wide.

A 'ardzat (v.n. of u 4 / 1 ), Having

breadth ; — 'urdzat, A present brought from
abroad (especially in provisions).

A <-J\j* 'arrdf, A priest, augur ; a phy-
sician.

a 'ardfai (v.n. of ^J/>), Becoming an
'art/, i.e. one next in rank to a chief, a
lieutenant, or deputy; — 'irdfat (v.n. of
Performing the office of deputy ; the rank
nest to a commander or chief judge, lieu-
tenant, deputy.

* jl/ 'irdq, The part of the belly above
the navel, the diaphragm ; the inside of a
quill ; a double stitch in the bottom of a
leathern provision-bag or bottle ; name of
a river ; bank of a river all along its course ;
sea-shore ; name of a country ; Babylonia ;
Chaldea (extending in length from Abba-
diin to Mosul, and in breadth from Kadisiya
to Halwan) ; ['iruqi 'ajam, Persian Irak or
Media ; — 'Iraqi 'arab, Arabian Irak, Baby-
lonia, Ohaidea ;] — 'irdq, 'tenlq (pi. of 'arq),
Bones without flesh ;• — 'urdq, Herbage, the
immediate produce of a shower; clear water;
copious rain ; a fleshless bone.

a y^/ 5 'iraqdni, The two 'irdq ; the
cities of Basra and Kufa.

a &>\j£ 'arrdqat, Felt used under a saddle
to absorb the sweat; — 'uruqat, Clearwater;
copious raiii.

a 'iraqi, Produced in, or belonging

to, Irak (especially applied to a breed of
horses from that country) ; a Parthian.

\j* ( 842 ) j»js>

a y**\; c iraqain (obi. du. used a8 nom.),
The two 'iraq ; the cities of Basra and
Kufa ; — tuhfatu'l-'irdqain, Title of a cele-
brated poem by Khaqani.

a >£>\f- 'ardk (v.n. of <&)*), Having her
courses (a woman) ; — 'Irak (v.n. 3 of >s)ys),
Fighting hand to hand, jostling one another
in battle ; name of a Tab'I ; — 'arrak, One
•who gives a good drubbing, or scolding; a
fierce fighter.

a l»V 'urtim (v.n. of ff>), Being malig-
nant, of corrupted morals, impudent, saucy
(boy) ; malignity ; saueiness ; gnawing at
a tree or at a bone ; without flesh (bones) ;
unbarked (trees) ; the multitude and im-
petuosity of an army.

a 'iran (v.n, of cy*), Being distant
(a house) ; far distant (houses or places) ;
a bit of wood thrust between a camel's nos-
trils (to make way for the rein-ring) ; a
disease in the heel of cattle causing the
hair to fall off ; cracks in the hands and
feet; a callosity in the pastern of a horse ;
the block of a pulley ; the stud or nail
fastening the hilt of a sword ; a horn ; a
hyena's den ; battle, conflict.

a 'ardyd, Naked (objects) ; (pi, of
'artyat) paim-trees of which the owners
allow the needy to partake.

A <j~j\r« 'ard'is (pi. of 'arus), Brides ; —
abyiiii 'ard'is, Verses, the letters of which
are marked with diacritical points.

a t/fty 1 'ard'i? (pi. of 'arlzat), Letters,
petitions ; representations.

A vj* ' a rb ( Tn -)> Eating ; — 'arb, 'arab,
Alacrity, briskness ; — 'irb, The plant buhmd
when dry; — 'urb, An Arabian who inhabits
a city; — 'arab (v.n.), Being brisk; much
water (a well or river) ; being turned, be-
coming squeamish (the stomach); suppu-
rating and leaving a scar (a wound) ; a tract
near Madinah ; Arabia ; an Arab, especially
one inhabiting a town; Arabians; ['arabi
al-jazd'iri, Algerian Arabs (m.c); — 'arabi
'driba ('arbd', 'ariba), The true genuine
Arabs of unmixed blood ; — 'arabi mvi'ariba
(musta'riba) , Arabians descended from in-
termarriages with other nations ;] — 'arib,
Squeamish (stomach) ; much pure water ;
— 'wrub (pi. of 'arab), Women who love
their husbands.

a oVjys 'arbd', Arabs of pure blood.

a ui>tfj£ 'arabat, Vessels moored in the
Tigris, to serve the purpose of a bridge.

a yi>f- 'urban, Earnest-money.

a 'arabdna, A drum ; a tambourine.

A S^jy: 'arbadat, 'arbada, Malignity of dis-
position, quarrelsomeness ; conflict, dis-
pute, battle, riot, uproar ; a drunken brawl ;
— 'arbada kardan, To brawl, to make an
uproar, to kick up a row.

a SA>yi 'arbada-ameis, Mingled with
altercation.

a> 'arbada-joy (Juy), Quarrelsome,

uproarious; a flatterer; a juggler.

a jtf" sj^c 'arbada-kar, One who assaults
his pot-companions and friends.

a yU~)j£ 'arabistdn, The land of Arabia.

a gj^r* 'urban, 'arabun, Earnest- money.

a &>jn 'araba, Any wheeled carriage ; a
chariot, coach, curricle, chaise, waggon,
cart, &c.

a ijtj* 'arabi, fern. 'arubiyat, 'arabiya,
A civilised Arabian.

a gys 'arj, Name of a city ; also of a
place in the country of the Banu Huzail ;
also of a station on the road to Mecca ; —
'or/, 'irj, A troop of camels, from 80 to
90, or about 150, or from 500 to 1,000 ;—
'araj (v.n.), Being lame, lameness from
birth ; setting, or inclining westward (sun) ;
— 'arij, A camel that suffers from incon-
tinence of urine, or that squirts it out
awry.

a oys-yi 'urjun, A bunch of dates (dry) ; a
tree become crooked, and having its branches
lopped, an old pollard; name of a herbage.

A 'ard (v.n.), Fleeing, running away;
hard, strong ; stiff, erect ; an ass ; the root
of the neck.

a s»yt 'urada, An extended mountain
with water at the bottom.

a )f- 'arar (v.n. of Being bunchless (a
camel); smallness of bunch; scab, itch,
mange.

a 'arz (v.n.), Being contracted, drawn
together, wrinkled; blaming, reproving; — .
'araz (v.n.), Being hard and strong.

A (j^c 'ars (v.n.), Tying a camel neck
and fore-leg ; turning away from ; the
middle pole of a tent ; a wall between (two
other walls it does not touch) upon which
the roof rests in a peculiar manner con-
ducive to warmth ; — 'irs, A spouse (husband
or wife) ; a lioness ; [ibnu 'irs, A species
of weasel ; a polecat ;] — 'urs, 'urus, A mar-
riage-feast; marriage, matrimony; — 'aras
(v.n.), Refusing, denying, withholding;
being' confounded, astonished, bewildered;
being necessary ; being assiduous, used
to ; being in high, spirits ; being proud and
insolent ; — 'arts, Struck with astonishment ;
assiduous, attached to; a lion; — 'urns (pi,
of 'arils), Bridegrooms.

a Jvf 'arsh (v.n.), Propping up (a vine),
training (it) over a trellis ; making a cover
for a well ; building (a house), pitching (a
tent), abiding or settling in a place;
striking anyone on the side of the neck;
sticking close to; retiring, turning away;
a throne, chair of state ; the throne of God ;
the empyrean ; a palace, citadel ; roof of a
house ; a canopy ; a wooden cover to a well ;
an awning, shade, alcove ; a nest ; a tent ;
a prop, buttress, stay, support ; a piece of
wood whereon a drawer of water stands;
the strongest side of anything ; the convex

U*j* ( 843

part of the foot ; a leader or chief of the
people ; the buttocks of a lion ; a constella-
tion ; a bier ; glory, rank, dignity ; \_'arshi
a'la (barin, rahmdn, sharif, mu'alla), The
throne of God ; — 'arshi akhar, The human
heart ; — 'arshi saba'% The throne of Bilqis,
queen of Sheba; — 'arshi simdk, Four
small stars below the constellation 'auwa' ;
— 'arsh u farsh, Heaven and earth; — zu
'l-'arsh, Lord of the throne, i.e. God;] —
'ursh, The flesh on the side of the neck ;
the root of the neck, or the part to which
the cupping-glass is applied ; the ear ; —
'arash, (v.n.), Being thunderstruck, lost in
amazement ; — 'urush (pi. of 'arsh), Thrones,
Ac.

a ClW 4 ^ J^j* 'arsh-ashydn, Nestling at the
foot of the divine throne ; a name given
to the Emperor Akbar after his decease.

a Jy^ J*]* 'arsh-manzil, A title given to
Alam-gir the Second.

a fc)\)} 'arsh-xvardn, Prophets, saints.
'arsha, An elevated part of a ship's
deck where persqns of distinction are
seated (m.c).

a 'arshi, Heavenly.

a (j^a^ 'arshiyan (pi. of the preceding),
Angels who carry the throne of God,
bearers of the celestial throne.

a ^f- 'ars (v.n.), Thundering and flash-
ing with lightning continually (the sky) ;
going with a tottering gait, or being rest-
less (a camel); a rafter; — 'aras (v.n.),
Being cheerful, brisk ; smelling badly (a
house or plant, especially from dampness) ;
flashing incessantly (lightning) ; — 'arts, In-
cessantly flashing.

a cwU^ 'arasut (pi. of 'arsat), Courts,
areas.

a <L>j* 'arsat, 'arsa, A court, square, quad-
rangle, area, open space free from build-
ings ; a plain ; a battle-field ; a chess-
board, or a table for playing at dice; —
'arsa'i eamTn, Surface of the earth.

A. <_4*>y: 'arsaf, Name of a plant, ground-
pine, Chamaepitys.

a 'irsini, The wild egg-plant or

brinjiil.

a ^sW- (Uj£ 'arsa-jdy, A plain.

a t_ff 'arz (v.n.), Presenting itself, ap-
pearing ; happening, occurring, befalling ;
exhibiting, offering for sale ; bartering,
exchanging ; presenting, representing, pe-
titioning ; perusing a book ; reviewing an
army ; running with extended neck ; also
going on one side (a horse) ; dying (not
from disease) ; marking a camel crosswise ;
arriving in the country of Mecca or Madi-
nah ; breadth, width, latitude ; a mountain,
or its side ; a valley ; a cloud obscuring
the horizon ; a mass of men ; a large army j
a swartn of locusts ; merchandise, house-
hold furniture, or other effects (money in
gold or silver excepted) ; a petition, re-

)

U 3 ^

quest, written representation ; an hour '■>
an hour of the night ; madness ; (construed
with the verbs burdan, dddan, didan, har-
dan, namudan, &c. ;) ['arzi irsdl, A report,
return, invoice ; — 'arzu 'l-balad, Lines o£
latitude ; — 'arzi hdl, Statement of a case,
memorial, petition ; — 'arzi dlddr hardan, To
show the face, to discover oneself; — 'arzi
rdh, Along the road (m.c.) ; — 'arz shudan,
To he offered, exposed, exhibited ; — 'arzi
'umr (haydi), The joys and agreeables of
life ; — 'arzi lashhar hardan, To review an
army ; — 'arzi nmrdd hardan, To explain
one's intentions ; — al-'arz, Day of review,
i.e. resurrection ; — ba-'arz rasdmd-an, To
offer to view, to exhibit ; — chi 'arz kunam,
What can I say ? how shall I explain ?
(m.c.) ; — si 'arz dur hardan, To mortify ;
to kill ; — till u 'arz, Length and breadth ;
longitude and latitude ;] — 'irz, The body ;
the soul; a pore of the body; perspira-
tion ; effluvia of the body (good or bad) ;
reputation (personal, ancestral, or rela-
tional, in a good or bad sense) ; honour,
fame, estimation ; a valley having villages,
water and trees ; the side of a valley ; the
thorny tree ardk ; the tamarisk-tree j an
amiy ; a swarm of locusts ; a large cloud ;
a city, town, district ; one who imposes on
others with follies and lies ; name of a
valley in Yamamah ; ['irz u namiis, Fame
and good name ;] — 'urz, The foot of a
mountain ; the middle (of a river or the
sea) ; the side of anything ; primary (ar-
gument) ; the mass (of mankind) ; a pace
approved in a horse, but disapproved in a
camel ; name of a city in Syria ; — 'araz,
Disease, sickness ; a bane, a cause of mis-
chief ; an accident, anything that befalls a
person ; wealth (in kind, not in money) ;
worldly goods ; prey, spoil, plunder ; any-
thing which has no duration ; desire, con-
cupiscence ; — 'ira? (v,u.),Possessiugbreadth;
— -untz, A side, border, extremity ; corner
of the eye.

a 'arz-an, In breadth ; — 'urz-an, At
the side, sideways; as it may happen,
without choice ; — 'araz-an, Accidentally.

a t ,J> } * 'arz-begl, The person who

presents all petitions, either written or by
word of mouth.

a 'arzat, An offering, exposition,
exhibition; a review; — 'urzat, 'urza, Incli-
nation, favour, affection ; intention, pro-
ject; making use of a wrestling-trick;
anything constantly occurring; impediment,
obstacle ; credit.

aj Wj£ 'arz-ddr. Broad, wide; a military
muster ; an accident, anything befalling ;
disease, sickness.

a u^e-W 'arz-ddsht, A memorial or

address from an inferior to a superior;
breadth.

a is^^jn 'arz-kunanda, A petitioner, &c.

a aVSl^jC 'arz-gah, A rendezvous for an
enemy or for troops.

a i_|6^c 'arz-ma'rUz, The purport or

matter of a petition ; petition, bequest.

a iUys 'arza-ddsht, A petition.

a Stf d-ojn 'arza-gdh, — i^^c q.v.

a o" 4 / 1 'w?t, A petition, memorial, or
humble representation ; — 'arazl, Accidental.

a isty 'arzi-da'wd, Petition of plaint ;
the first pleading in a suit.

a u~>y 'arzi-nawis, One who writes

petitions for suitors, a scrivener, a notary.

a 'artanlsd, A root yellow or red

■without and white within, good f ov cleaning
woollens, sowbread.

A_><yi 'ar'ar, The juniper; the cypress;
name of a place.

a 'arf (v.n.), Polling, clipping (a
horse's mane) ; cutting off the comb of a
cock; shunning, avoiding, being averse to;
confessing a sin or fault; compensating,
requiting ; perfuming very much •, smell
(good or bad, though generally the former) ;
being ulcerated in the palm of , the hand ;
name of a certain plant; — Hrf (v.n.), Being
patient; knowing, discerning; patience;
knowledge ; tardiness, lateness in attaining
the knowledge of a thing; — 'urf, Being
known, public, notorious; known; a just,
lawful, proper thing ; a benefit, favour,
largess, present ; liberality, generosity ; a
wave of the sea ; confession, avowal ; the
mane of a horse; the comb of a cock, a
crest ; heaped up sands ; a high place ; a
kind of date-tree growing in Bahrain ; an
orange-tree ; the name by which a person
or thing is generally called ; alias ; common
parlance; (pi. of 'aruf) patient; (pi. of
a'raf) thick-maned (horses) ; crested (ser-
pents) ; (pi. of 'arf a) hyenas ; long-maned
(horses, she-camels) ; [_'urfi anam, A multi-
tude ; all mankind ; — ahli 'urf, Officers of
justice, attendants upon a judge or tribunal ;
— Ji 'urf, Notorious, well known; — mursuldti
'■urf -an, Angels or horses following in a
line, as the hairs in a horse'a mane ;] — 'uraf
(pl. of 'urf at), High hills of sand; boun-
daries, partitions; — 'uruf, Heaped up sands;
a high place ; a horse's mane.

A oUjT 'arfA', fem. of a'raf, Long-maned
(mare) ; a hyena ; — 'urafd' (pi. of 'arlf),
Acquaintances; the wise, the holy ; judges.

A i^>Uyi 'arafat, A mountain twelve miles
from Mecca, from which, among other
ceremonies, the pilgrims make a procession
to the Holy Monument situated on another
mountain at a little distance.

A gVijC 'irfdn {v.n. of <-*/=), Knowing,
discerning ; confessing, owning, admitting ;
knowledge, learning, science; name of a
celebrated female singer ; — ahli 'irfdn,
Learned men, scholars.

a 'irfdn-ma'db, Learned.

a 'arf at, Wind ; an ulcer on the palm

844 )

<3*

of the hand ; diligent inquiry ; — Hrf ait
Hrfa (v.n. of Uke), Knowing ; diligent in-
quiry ; knowledge, acquaintance ; — 'urfat,
A college ; corporation, company, guild ;
also the master of such ; a large fertile
district ; a large sandhill producing long
grass; boundary, partition; a high place ;
— 'arafat, 'arafa, A vigil, wake ; — yawmi
'arafat, The ninth day of the month su'l-
hijja.

a gijc 'arfaj, A species of thorny plants
growing in plains.

a Ujc 'urfut, A species of the plant »Ue
q.v.

a 'urfl, fem. ILij* 'urflyat, 'wrftya,
Accumulated, accessory, aggravated ; no-
torious, known, public ; [taktilifi 'urfiya,
Public impositions ; extraordinary taxa-
tion ; — haqiqati 'urfiya, A self-evident or
well-known truth, a truism;] — 'arafi, A
resident at 'Arafat.

a jf - 'arq, Gnawing a bone and stripping
it of the flesh ; having but little flesh on
the bones ; a bare bone ; a bone with little
flesh on it ; a path trodden bare ; — 'irq,
Root of a tree ; origin, stock ; prolific
breed ; a vein, an artery ; milk ; a steep
mountain difficult to ascend ; a small moun-
tain ; a high place; salt and barren ground;
saltish ground producing the tamarisk;
I'irqu 'd-dik, A cock's comb ; — 'irqu 'n-nied,
Sciatica, hip-gout ; — 'irqi madam, Guinea-
worm (Filaria medinensis) ; — zawdtu 'l-'irq,
Name of a place where the pilgrims from
IriLk put on the ihrdm or pilgrim's cloak ;]
— 'araq, Sweat ; anything oozing out from
pores; juice, spirit, sap; milk; spirituous
liquor, rack ; a string or row (of horses,
birds, camels, &c.) ; a course of bricks in
a wall ; anything made of palm-leaves (as a
basket, &c.) ; ['araqi usiulchwdn. Anything
chewed ; — 'araqi infi'dl, Blush, funk ; — 'araqi
bahdr, The aroma of orange-flowers ; — 'araq
chakulan, To perspire; — 'araqi chin, Name
of a perfume ; — 'araq randan (rekhtan), To
work hard so as to perspire; — 'araqi sa'i,
Sweat produced by exertion ; — 'araqi shakar,
Sugared water ; — 'araqi sihhat, A wholesome
perspiration ; — 'araqi fitna, A liquor ex-
tracted from the flower of the jujube-tree ;— -
'araq kardan, To give something ; to blush,
funk ; to suffer from fever ; — 'araq fcas?u-
dan, To distil spirituous liquors (m,c); —
'araqi gnl (giddb), Rosewater ; — 'araq girif-
tan, To perspire ; — dar 'araq uftddan (ehu-
da?i), dar db u 'araq uftddan, To be greatly
ashamed ;] — 'ariq, Milk turned sour ; even,
level (a place) ; — 'uraq, A man who per-
spires much ; — 'uruq (pi. of Hrdq), Sea-
shores.

a ^ 'irqd, Name of a town in the dis-
trict of Damascus.

a oyi j^e 'araq-dlud (a.JjJ'l dluda), Covered
with sweat, perspiring.

Jj* ( 845 )

« j*W J/; 'araq-angez. Producing per-
spiration, sudorific (med.).

a i^*^*/ 1 'araq-chln, A handkerchief, nap-
kin, sudary ; a little cap.

a jys 'araq-khdna, A hot bath, a
Turkish bath.

a oS^e 'araq~dar, Sweating, in a state
of perspiration.

a_)Sj ijSy 'ara<jr-rez, Perspiring, hard- work-

» i^X> lij 11 'arag-re&S, Sweating, perspira-
tion.

« 'araq-karda, A horse that can

run much, without being distressed or
sweating.

a J"/" 'araq-gir, A handkerchief, nap-
kin, sudary ; a skull-cap ; a pad placed
under the saddle ; ashamed ; sweating,
funking.

a ciSUiy! 'araqndk, Sweating to excess.

a 'araq-na'nd, Vinegar.

A. s^yv 5 'urqub. The tendon Achilles ; the
hough of a quadruped ; a winding track
through a valley; a narrow pass over a
mountain; the leg 'of the bird, qatd; the
knowledge of an argument ; fraud, strata-
gem ; name of a horse ; also of a man
notorious for breach of promise, hence
mawa'idi 'urqub, Promises of 'Urqub (never
meant to be performed) .

a t-tif 'araqlya, A silken pocket-hand-
kerchief, a Budary.

A 'ark (v.n.), Rubbing (the ear or
side); scratching out, erasing, effacing;
devouring plants (cattle) ; being men-
slruous (a woman) ; — 'arak (v.n.), Locking
hands with another in fight ; wrestling ;
Bound; fishermen; seamen, mariners; a
camel's fill from pasturing on salt and
bitter plants ; — 'arik, Loud sound or noise ;
powerful in battle.

A 'arakl, A fisherman ; a mariner.

A^c 'arm (v.n.), Baring (a bone) of
flesh, or (a tree) of its bark; a well; a
ditch; fat; remains in a pot; — 'urm, An
e SS< e ggs (especially of the qatd) ; — 'aram
(v.n.), Being weak and languid; boneless
flesh; a variegated colour (especially black
and white) ; — 'arim, A river ; mounds,
banks, or dykes for confining water ; great
rains ; — sailu 'l-'arim, A great flood which
destroyed an embankment constructed by
the Sabeans.

ff- 'arim, A kind of fish, a sardine.

a tj^y 5 'armaz, A dwarfish tree of the
lote or the ardk kind ; a green film or
moss which floats on the surface of stag-
nant water.

a <yjc 'am, A horny excrescence in the
inside of a horse's leg, between the knee and
hough ; — 'aran, Cracks in the feet of beists
of burden above the ankle (from dryness).

a ylijc 'irnan, Name of a mountain.

A {&s>j c 'irn'm, The anterior, beginning, or

best of anything ; a prince, lord, leader of
the people ; the nose ; the bony part of the
nose ; the part of the nose next to the
eye-brows.

a 'arw (v.n.), Covering (anything) by
surrounding (it) ; approaching (especially
to ask a favour).

a 'arub, *jj>c 'ariibat, A woman who
loves her husband, and discovers her affec-
tion ; — 'ariibat (v.n. of s^), Speaking
Arabic well; an Arabian; — yaumu 'L'ariibat,
Friday (in old Arabic).

a 'urwat, 'nrwa, The handle (of a
jug or flagon) ; a loop or hole for a button ;
a lion; — 'urwatit 'l-wiisqa, ('urwa'i wusqa),
The firmest, strongest handle, i.e. genuine
religion, true faith ; — 'urwa'i shiydn, A
raging lion.

a ey£ 'uruj (v.n. of %f-), Climbing up (a
ladder) ; ascending, becoming high ; as-
cent, ascension, rising, exaltation ; zenith ;
— 'uruji tamdm ydftan, To reach the highest
summit ; — 'uruj Jcardan, To ascend ; — ■
fyisdri gardiin-'uruj, A fort as high (or as
hard to climb) as heaven.

A ^)f^ 'iirud (v.n. of J^c), Arising, spring*
ing up, growing (plants or teeth).

a ij'jje 'arus, A bridegroom ; a bride when
carried home to her husband's house ; a
spouse (in general) ; (in P.) name of the
first treasure of Khusrau ; a treasure of
Kai Kiiwus ; sulphur; a piece of wood
by which the string of a turner's bow
is drawn ; — 'arusi arghanun-zan, The pla-
net Venus; — 'ardsu 'l-khutdt., Writiug
in which the letters have tlie diacritical
points marked ; — 'arusi parda, A species of
ruby-coloured rose ; anything of that hue ;
— 'arusi titk, "Wine; — 'arusi jah&n, The
world ; the planet Venus ; — 'arusi chartch
(eliahdrum falak, hhdwari, roz), The sun ; —
'arusi khushk-pistdn, A barren wouinn ; the
disappointing world ; — 'arusi dar parda, A
species of nightshade ; — 'arilsi shtly-murda
(vmird-shuy), The perishable world ; — 'arusi
'adn, The moou ; the stars ; a servant,
handmaid ; a virgin of paradise ; — 'ancsi
'arab, The temple of Mecca ; — 'armi 'aivari (V)
ra'nd, The sky, heaven ; the sun ; — 'arusi
falak, The sun ; — 'arusi kaj, A figure dressed
up to terrify children ; — 'arusi nuk falak,
The sun ; the nine firmaments ; — 'ardsdni
bdgh (chaman), Flowers, fruits; shoots,
suckers; — 'ardsdni biydbdn (sahrd), Camels
of burden ; camels employed on a pilgrim-
age ; — 'ariimni khuld. The virgins of para-
dise; — 'ardsdni dirakht. Young shoots.

a a^-jf. 'arusdiui, Like a bride, bride-
like.

a o*)f- 'ards-bdz, A handsome man
adorning his person.

a jf <j»)f 'arns-bar, (leading the bride)
A brideman.

a . ud-j f. 'ardsak, A little spouse ; a girl

( 846 )

given in marriage before reaching puberty ;
a doll, a girl's puppet (m.c.) ; a small ma-
chine for throwing stones and other missile
weapons ; a flying insect of the cantharides
genus ; a cricket ; a glow-worm ; a ruby
colour ; a female owl ; a kind of plum ;
a tumor under the arm-pit; — 'arusak dar
farda, The herb nightshade.

a ;W "^jy 0 'ariisak-bdz, A girl playing with
a doll.

a (jj usXv.^ 'arusak-zan, The worker of a
ballista.

a t~>)F 'ariisa, A bride.

a <s~)f 'arum, Nuptials; a marriage-
feast; — l armi kardan, To wed, espouse,
marry ; to celebrate a wedding- feast (ln.c.) ;
— sham'i 'arum,, The nuptial torch.

a (j*;/ 5 'aruz, The last foot of the first
hemistich of a couplet (that of the second
being called s-^ q.v.) ; poetry, verse, mea-
sure, prosody; Mecca and Madinah with
their territories ; an unbroken stubborn
Bhe-eamel ; a camel devouring thorns ; argu-
ment, scope, pith (of a speech) ; side, border,
limit; want, necessity ; any person 'or thing
blocking up the road and impeding a pas-
senger; a cloudy sky; victuals; much,
many ; name of a horse ; — 'uruz (v.n. of
u*^).> Coming in sight, arising to view, ap-
pearing; (pi. of 'arz) furniture, clothes,
effects ; — 'urfizu 'l-jagad, Accidents of the
body ; — 'uruzu 'l-hal, Whatever affects one's
condition.

a <Jj^ 'aruf, Clear-sighted, knowing, in-
telligent; patient.

a Jj/: 'uruq (v.n. of Jf), Departing,
travelling, wandering; (pi. of 'irq) veins;
roots, origins ; — 'ur-uqu 'l-b'iz, A certain fat-
tening plant ; — 'uruqu 'l-hwmr, Madder ; —
'uriiqu 'sh-shajar, Pine-gum ; — 'uruqu 's-
sujr, Turmeric; saffron; — 'uruqu 'l-Mfur,
Zedoary ; — 'uruqi nabiza, Arteries.

a osJ^c 'aruk, A camel whose fat cannot
be ascertained except by feeling (on account
of its hairiness); — 'uruk (v.n. of ^j*),
Being menstruous ; fishermen; sailors.

a if- 'arr-u-goz, Tumult, turmoil.

a 'urwa, see A, .

a W^ 4 } ; e 'arr-u-ydn, = } f q.v.

a 'ary (v.n.), Making a handle for
a wallet ; approaching, coming upon ; — 'ury
(v.n.), Being naked, nudity ; a horse with-
out a saddle ; — 'arly, A cold wind ; — 'urd,
(pi. of l urwat), Handles ; — 'urd, 'ira, A
handle ; a button-hole.

a 'uryan. Naked, stripped ; name of
a _ fortress in Madinah ; a heap of sand
without a tree ; — 'wryanu 'n-najl, A woman
or man unable to keep a secret.

a 'urydtii, Nakedness, nudity.

a v^j c 'arib, No one (at home) ; name of
a man ; also of a horse ; — 'uraib (dim. of
'arab), A little Arab.

a 'arlyat, Anything of which the

proprietor allows others to partake (as a
grazing-field or palm-tree) ; a palm-tree
whose fruit has been eaten ; part of the
produce of a palm-tree kept back for home
consumption when the fruit is sold.

A - 'any, Lame, trifling (business).

A u*V 'arlsh, A shade from the sun, an
arbour, bower ; a camel-litter for women ;
name of a town in Egypt, now in ruins.

a jiijz 'ariz, Broad, large ; wide ; ex-
panded ; a kid one year old ; a rampant
he-goat; — 'uraiz, Name of a valley near
Madinah.

a 'arlzat, 'ariza (fern, of 'ariz), Broad,
wide ; a petition ; a letter (from an in-
ferior) ; an address (m.c.) ; — 'ariza'i iah-
niyat, An address of welcome (m.c.)
'arsa'i 'ariza, An extensive plain.

a 'arizl, Latitude, breadth, width.

a i-ajjc One who knows ; an ac-

quaintance ; the next man to a chief or
general, a deputy, lieutenant ; an usher at
a school.

a ij'i.jz 'wnf%, The office of lieutenant.

a 'arikat, Nature, disposition ; soul,
spirit, self; the bunch of a camel, or the
remainder of one.

A (jjjjc 'arm, &Hf- 'arinat, The haunt of a
lion, hyena, wolf, or serpent ; a forest,
thicket, place abounding in trees ; the hole
of the Libyan lizard ; the area of a house ;
a city, town ; flesh ; a branch of the Band
Tamim ; the cooing of a dove.

a )£ 'azz (v.n.), Disputing ; conquering,
overcoming; — 'izz (v.n.), Being great, ex-
cellent, precious, glorious ; being powerful;
glory, dignity, grandeur, magnificence ;
heavy rain ; — 'azza ismu-hu, May His name
be glorified ; — l a%za wa jalla, May He be
honoured and glorified, i.e. the glorious
God ; — 'azz u shan, Dignity and rank.

a 'azd' (v.n. of Ascribing, re-

lating, attributing, referring; claiming,
asserting ; evincing patience ; patience, en-
durance ; exhortation to be patient; con-
solation, condolence ; lamenting, mourning;
construed with afgandan, giriftan, &c. ; —
aiyivtni 'azd', Days of mourning or con-
dolence.

a 'uzzdb (pi. of 'azab, 'azabat), Ba-
chelors ; spinsters.

a t^-jj ^ 'azd-parasti, Mourning, grief.

a a>^- 'azd-khdna, House of condolence
or of mourning.

a j\a 'azd-ddr, In mourning ; a mourner.

a jVjt 'azaz, Hard ground ; — 120 (v.n. 3
of ys), Overpowering by words ; (pi. of 'aziz),
powerful, eminent, great; rare, scarce
(things) .

a 8)\ys 'azdzat (v.n. of ys), Being rare,
valuable; being great, powerful, honour-
able ; difficulty.

a JijV 'azuzil, Name of a fallen angel ;
a devil, an evil spirit.

a 'azzaf, A cloud noisy with thun-
der ; name of a tribe ; also of a mountain
twelve miles distant from Madinah; also
of a sandy tract in the country of the Banu
Ba'd.

a t&f- 'azd'im (pi. of 'azimat), Incanta-
tions ; verses of the Qur'an read to bring
about the recovery of sick persons ; divine
prescriptions regarded as obligatory ; —
mas'udu 'l-'aza'im, Fortunate in one's un-
dertakings.

a 'azaHm-Jchwtin, Conjuror, ex-

orcist.

a s^y 6 'azb (v.n.), Leading a single life ;
being empty and deserted (a country) ; —
'azab, An unmarried person ; a bachelor, a
maid.

a s^nt sjy 1 'azab-pesha, Who professes
celibacy, a confirmed bachelor.

a 'uzbat, A single life, celibacy ; —
'axabat, An unmarried woman, a spinster,
a maiden.

a fi-s v'j* 'azab-daftar, A clerk, registrar.

a »y= 'azzat, A young doe ; a young woman ;
name of a woman ; — 'izzat (v.n. of y), Being
great, powerful, rare, valuable ; grandeur,
glory, power, might ; honour, esteem ; rare-
ness ; construed with the verbs burdan,
Icardan, nihddan, &e.

aj*\ ""j* Hzzat-asar, Bearing the emblem
of honour.

a 8\j=*ys Hzssat-Jchpah, A friend, follower,
attached to the glory of another.

a uuys 'izzat-qardr qwrln, j^** ma-
dar). Seat (ally, pivot) of magnificence, i.e.
illustrious, glorious (a royal title).

a^yj^ys Hzzat-maufur, G-lorious, honour-
able.

a gjc 'azj (v.n.), Beating off, driving
back ; coition ; turning over (the ground)
with a spade.

a ij£ 'azr (v.n.), Censuring ; forbidding,
repelling ; compelling, forcing against one's
will ; explaining matters and duties of
religion ; matrimony ; the price of cut-down
forage.

a J>\j)« 'izra'il, Name of the angel of
death.

A 'azf (v.n.), Remaining a long time
eating and drinking; the imaginary noc-
turnal sounds of demons in the desert ; —
'uzf, A queest, a ring-dove.

a cSp 'azq (v.n.), Cleaving, digging (the
ground) ; running swiftly, hurrying along ;
retaining, withholding (anything good) ;
inflicting a severe blow, or many blows ; —
'azaq (v.n.), Adhering, sticking close to ; —
'aziq, Unkind, severe, ill-natured ; — 'uzua,
Malicious, bad-tempered ; a winnower of
wheat.

a J^c 'azl (v.n.), Removing from office,
deposing ; dismissing, resigning, abdicating ;
living apart from one's wife ; removed from
office; ['azl ehudan, To abdicate, resign, go

out of office (m.c.) ;]— 'uzl, 'uzzal (pi. of
a'zat) , Unarmed (men) ; — 'azal (v.n.) , Being
unarmed, an unarmed state ; want of em-
ployment; — 'uzul, Unarmed,

a 'uzlat, Retirement from oflice, re-
signation ; a retired, sequestered lite, self-
seclusion.

a ut—^J u^Jy; 'uzlat-dost, and —

a, tiJy! 'uzlat-guzlda, guziri), One
who affects retirement or seclusion, a re-
cluse, a hermit.

a ^J&'f- 'uzlati, A hermit or recluse.

a 'azli, Abdication, resignation.

A pjc 'azm (v.n.), Running hard; render-
ing necessary ; a design, undertaking, pur-
pose, resolution ; construed with the verbs
dmadan, bar-dashtan, ddshtan, kardan, &q. ;
['azmu 'l-umur, The divine purpose con-
cerning human affairs ; — 'azm bi 'l-jazm,
Firm resolve, settled purpose ; — 'azrni bazm
raftan,To go to an entertainment; — 'azmirdh
Icardan, To set out on a journey ; — 'azmi
safar giriftan, To undertake an expedition,
to go to war ; — ulu 'l-'azm, Those endued
with a resolution to obey the commands of
God (applied to Noah, Abraham, Moses,
and Muhammad) ; those endued with con-
stancy and patience (applied to Noah,
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Moses,
David, and Jesus;] — 'azm, 'uzm (v.n.),
Applying the mind to an undertaking ;
determining to accomplish, being resolved
on an affair; abjuring; reading charms or
verses from the Qur'an to avert evil; being
undertaken; — 'azam (pi. of 'azamat), Con-
stant, trusty, sincere friends ; — 'uzam (pi.
of 'uzmat), Paternal relations.

a i^yc 'azmat, Design, determination, re-
solution ; necessary, obligatory ; firm, fixed,
stable ; a claim, right, due ; the decree of
G-od ; — 'uzmat, Paternal kindred; a tribe;
— 'azamat, Persons sincere in their affec-
tion.

a 'azm-durust, Upright of pur-

pose.

a 'azw (v.n.), Referring, tracing (one
to his father), naming (him from him).

a s-*^ 'uzul (v.n. of 1 -r , y ! ), Being far
off ; being separated ; being uncultivated ;
absence, distance.

a 'uzubat, A single life, celibacy.

a Js- j )C 'azza wajall, 'azz u jail, May He
be exalted and glorified, God Almighty.

A^f-'azwar, Wicked, malignant; a cuckold.

a jj)^ aziiz, (A camel) the orifices of
whose teats are very narrow; — 'uziiz (v.n. of

j£), Having the orifices of the teats narrow;
growing strong.

a 'azilf, One who abstains from ;

averse, loathful; a loather; — 'uziif (v.n. of
«wJj«), Being averse from, loathing.

a 'azumat, 'uzumat, A garden-party,
pic-nic, entertainment.

( 847 )

A SUy 'izhdt, A woman advanced i& yeaxs T
but still indulging juvenile propensities.

A (jjc 'azt, Patient p — 'vzzd, Excellent,
rare, precious (thing) ; (fem. of tfazz~)
tetter, more excellent, more or most glori-
ous ; name of an ancient idol.

A yjc 'uzair,. Esdras.

A j»jc 'amz, Excellent; precious',, dear,,
valuable, rare, choice ; magnificent,, glorious,
powerful ; venerable, pious, boly - r at krmgj,
ruler, prime minister (especially in Egypt) ;
the plant centaury 'azivu 'I'-rrvHqdm^ God
the avenger ; — 'aziiu l^qatff, "My bcneuied
or worthy friend, my dtear sir- (ja< fwmi ©£
address to subordinate officers: in official m
private correspondence) 1 ;-— 'xmizw 'l-wujfid,
Hard to find', exceedingly rare; —
d&ahtnn, To Bold dear,.tO' bonttuii,.to> remera ;
■ — 'asifei misr, (Joseph as): ruler of Egypt ;.
— 'azizi rnuqtadir, God! Almighty j.-—-j>i,tf<m'
'azlz-am, My revered* raf<Bei>;;— ; jdmi ('uuzri')
'azfe, ©ear life, precious' existence;.

a jW^jc 'axiz-ddir, A near- and deal friend
or relative.

a .yjjlo-^tjc. 'aerk-dart, . Bdatnonshipi.

a.^yUjS jj^c 'azfz-togd' i*, Wame> of' ar «oot
■who exceDed iir preparing tbeddsh. V*£

a 8 j)*» yic l asiz-rmxrdit,. A fibrin. o£ imgte'-
cation used by~ women.

a 'azm, Greatness, valuableness..

a *S)« '<m»i (V-.d.. of> 1*30), Applying the
mind' to,, undertaking':;; determined! to ac-
complish.; a powerful enemy..

A 'aziwtat (v-.m of pj*)* TTndfertafijrjg s
purpose, resolves resolution^ determination ;
an obligatory statute or ordinance o£ €Lodi ;
an incantation,, spell; amuleti;: verses of the
Qur'an employed ass such ;: the nower of
compelling spirits to attend on. one..

<*}yk?'anha&i, A\ oeirtain. maaicai instrument
bearing a resemblancet'o.a Turkish; guitar..

A 'as» (Vait), Going the rounds,
patroling- at nigh*;: arriving, late (news};
pasturing- atone (camel); refusing to let
her milk flbw Before any peisson ; giving
little food; — 'uss,.A large cuj>; genis.

AiS->^~^ 'isnbi. Name aS ai. place near
Mecea.

o-jL-c 'w«ttr, Poverty- ; a religious fiffe..

a y-^-o Heds, (pli o£ '«««),, Large- cups ; —
'aMas, A nigbt-watehinazr,, a natcoler;
(met.) a wolf;

A <-Ai~er 'itsdf (y.m of »J h» . p )v Bfein^neaii-
death (a camei);; a., trembling, or falbng of
the larynx at thats moment,, the agony- of
death, the last breatiL

A jJCc 'asdkir (pit of 'aa&«r)> Armies ;■ —
'asdkiri zahtiya, The paBce force (ni.c.) ; —
'aaakiri man$urat(<nu$?a-ma'd&r)!,y5(fovmite
troops.

a ilUj 'agsulat,, The Eoney-nraiTng bees ;
a hir* ; a bees' nest.

A 'asttlij (pli q£ 'wsfttjQ' Tendrife„

shoots.

a « ag j (vjj.), Hiring, letting out (a

: stallion); the price paid, and the colt
brought forth ; covering (the female) ;
sperm ; — 'vsb, Straight palm - branches
without. leaves; — \isib, (Hair) long un-

i combed.

a. ;-~c- '-asj (v.n.), Stretching oufcthe neck

j in- travelling (a camel or horse) ; — 'aeaj
(tjs.J, Being- distempered by feeding on
the bramble '«ros*y' (flocks or herds).

a j^~.c '(Fsjia^, Gold ,- any sort of jewel,

I as - a pearl or ruby ; a large camel.

I <r igJ^c 'agjidiya, Name of a horse ;

! also of ai pteee ; large camels* colts ; camels

' employed in the transport of gold, or

j ridden by kin^s-.

, a 4— » 'asd (v.n.), Travelling ; twisting a
j rope tightly ; lying with.

jLj^c'asr (vji.), Pressing a debtor for
■ payment ; coioiig from the left ; having a
I Bard time in labour fa woman) ; — 'isr, 'asr,

Name of a tribe of demons ; — 'usr (v.n.),
> Befng difficult ; difficulty ; ['u&ru 'l-baul,
\ Stiaii.gisfy — 'msvu 'n-nafas, Asthma;] —
j 'iLsr r 'iisttr {wJS.y T Having a hard time
i (woman in labo-ttr) ; being difficult, being
i hard and pinching (times) ; refusing to

conae forth (th« contents of the belly) ; op-

posing^ resisting, thwarting; — 'asar (v.n.),

Being difficult and perplexing ; being
j equally expert (bcth hands) ; being left-
1 banded ; difficulty ; — 'asir. Difficult, intri-
j ca.te> perplexing ; hard, ill-tempered ; dis-
[ astiQuai, unfortuiiate ; pressing; unbroken
\ (camel) ; ['mine 'i-'ubmr, Difficult to cross
i on pas* ©veif ;] — '•%sur, Difficulty.

a isj—c t tt*rai r A difficult or indigent con-
I ditLon ; difficulty ; intricacy ; straituess,
j distnessi poverty ; consti-ued with /cardan,

JcasMdcm, &<t. ; [ jaishai' l-'-usrat, The army
! of Tabfik (because sent against the place in

the hottest season ;J — t cesarat, A white- quill-

feather.

A. tr ~»e ^asais (v.n k ) of {Jr^}, Going the
rounds, at night j (pi. of '«*») patrols,
nig;ht]y watches^

gij^^-c 'isPrataj (G. o-Tpanfyos), Com-
man(b>r of forty men.

A »-4i~c' "Hs/ (v.n.), Oppi-essing ; straying;
trarolling without direction; employing,
taking- into one's service ; working for an-
other and giving satisfaction ; being near
death frem a glandular swelling (canaiel) ;
the- ag-pny of death ; a spatcio.us golden
cup.

a> 'umq (v.n.), Keeping elose tw the
male (a she-eamel) ^ importuning ; — 'aaiq,
Bad-tempe»ad •; — 'uswq,, Severe to debtorsv

a Qto .. T<- tisqaldn, Askelon im Palestine ;
• — 'aeqaldnu 'r-rds, The top of the head.

A- A&~£ 'asqalat (v.n. of Ji— e), Mosing to
and fro (the vapour called sardb) ; a de-
tached piece- of a cloud.; a hard plaee full
of white stones.

a u£l~c 'asah (v,n.), Being necessary ; ad-
hering, sticking to.

A. j£*~c 'askar (from P. lashkar), An
army, forces, troops ; a collection ; anything
numerous ; darkness of night ; name of a
street or quarter in Nishapur ; also of a
village in Khiizistan ; — 'ashxri islam, The
array of the faithful, i.e. the Ottoman troops.

a y^C-c 'asharan (du.), Mounts 'Arafat
and Mind.

a l£~st' aslcarat (v.n. of Encamping.

a j£s 'askar-gdh, A camp.

a ^jCj 'aslcare, A soldier ; — 'aslcarl, Mili-
tary, belonging to the army ; native of
'Askar (surname of the Imams 'Ali Naqi
and Hasan.

a J— c 'asl (v.n.), Dressing (meat) with
honey ; giving, providing with honey ; com-
mending, praising ; lying with a woman ;
trembling much (a lance) ; running fast
and shaking the head (horse) ; being ruffled
by the wind (water) ; hastening across the
desert (a guide) ; name of a place ; — 'isl,
A tribe of the jinn ; [banu 'isl, An Arabian
tribe;] — 'asal (v.n.), Tasting (food) ; making
one generally beloved (God) ; a bubble on
running water ; honey ; a honeyed dew
gathered from flowers ; praise, fame ; \_'amli
dd'ud (David's honey), The oily exudation
of a certain tree ; — 'asali tdbarzad, Treacle ;
— 'aaali laban, Liquid storax ;] — 'asil, Nim-
ble-bunded (a thief) ; striking rapidly and
with vehemence ; — 'usul (pi. of 'asal), Bub-
bles ; honeys; (pi. of 'asil, 'asul) good,
honest men ; tremulous spears ; (pi. of 'asil)
yards of elephants or camels.

a jJl_c l ueluj, A tendril, young shoot ; —
'asallaj, Delicate (meat) ; name of a village
in Bahrain.

a ^jl—c 'asali, A bit of yellow cloth which
the Jews are compelled to wear on the
shoulder by way of distinction ; a garment
worn by the Christians, also by fire-wor-
shippers ; a particular colour with which
the fakirs of India dye their garments.

a <iOj 'asali-rang, A dervish's gar-
ment.

a 'asm (v.n.), Coveting ; striving ;
entering into combat ; rushing into danger
or into a crowd of combatants ; endeavour-
ing to procure a subsistence or acquire
anything;— 'asam (v.n.), Being dry, stiff, or
contorted (hand, &c.) ; — 'usum (pi. of 'dsim,
'asim), Those who toil for their bread.

a y-~c 'asn, Tallness with beauty of hair
and fairness of complexion ; name of a
place ; — 'asn, 'isn, 'usn, Fat, grease, lard ; —
'isu, Like, equal, resembling; — 'asan, 'usun,
The beneficial effect of fodder upon cattle ;
— 'asm, Satisfied with a little fodder.

a j—c 'asm, 'asuw (v.n. of j~- c ), Growing
old ; becoming hard ; becoming dark ; —
'asw, Wax.

a * 'asus. One in search of prey or |

game ; (a she-camel) pasturing alone, and
giving little or no milk unless at a distance
from men ; a good-for-nothing fellow.

a >Jj~ £ 'asuf. Violent, unjust; one who
loses or has lost his way.

a Jj— c 'asul, A good man ; tremulous
(spear).

a 'as urn, One who toils for his sub-
sistence.

a Jj— c 'asd, It wanted but little that;
it may be, perhaps ; [bi-'asd wa la'all, By
"perhaps" and "may be";] — 'asi, Apt,
fit, proper, suitable.

a s v - ** 'asib, The exterior part of the
foot, the instep ; the bone of the tail, and
the skin whence its hair grows ; the longest
feather of the wing ; the outer side of a
feather; a straight palm-branch without
leaves.

a js— c 'asir, Difficult ; unbroken (a she-
camel) ; — 'asiru 'l-ietikhrdj. Difficult to ex-
tract; — dar-bandi 'asiru 'l-murw, A pass
difficult to penetrate ; — marazi 'asiru 'l-
'ildj, A disease difficult to cure ; — yaumi
'asir, The day of judgment.

a u~*— c '«« (pi. of 'dss), Night-patroles.

a 1 ft .... r l asif, A mercenary, labourer,
assistant, servant.

a Js—c 'asil, The yard of an elephant or
camel ; a man who strikes a heavy blow
and brings his hand quickly back again ;
feathers, or anything similar with which a
perfumer brushes together drugs or civet
brayed on a stone.

a £L~»e 'usailat (dim. of 'asal), Little
honey; (met.) sensual pleasures (as sweet
as honey) ; a term of endearment.

A 'ashsh (v.n.), Disturbing, frighten-
ing (a deer) from (its) place ; beating ;
giving sparingly ; gathering, collecting,
being attentive to gain ; nestling ; mending,
patching a shirt ; lean (man) ; a scanty
gift ; — 'ushsh, The nest of a bird built on a
tree (that on a wall being called wafa; one
burrowed in the ground udhi or ufh&s) j
a right ; a claim ; name of a poet.

a 'ashd', The evening meal, supper ;
purblindness ; ['asha'i khuddwandi (rab-
bani), The Lord's Supper, the Eucharist ;]
— 'isha', The first watch of the night, or
from the time when the sun begins to go
down till twilight, or from sunset until
dawn ; the prayer of sunset or nightfall.

a i^^s- Hshd'aiti (ob\. du. used asnom.),
The prayers of evening and of nightfall.

a jUjs 'ishar (v.n. 3 of ^ie), Living upon
terms of familiarity; forming an alliance
with ; (pi. of 'ushard') she-oainels ten
months gone with young ; — 'tishdr, In tens ;
— 'ashshdr, A tithe-collector.

a 'ushdri, Ten cubits long (gar-

ment) ; a kind of barge used upon the Nile.

a jiUx! 'ishdsh (pi. of 'ushsh), Birds'
nests built in trees or hedges.

( 849 )

( 850 )

t A OS^Ae 'ushshdq (pi. of 'ashiq), Lovers ;
(in P.) name of a musical tone ; — 'ushshdqi
sag-jan, Covetous, worldly-minded, dog-
souied people; — jaz'tratu 'l-'v,sh*hdq, The
lovers' isle, i.e. Sinope.

a 'ashdwat, Nocturnal blindness.

a H-~*.c 'ushb, Green fodder, grass ; —
'athab (v.n.), Being hard and dry ; grown
up, adult (family) -—'ashib, Grassy (field).

a l ushbat, 'ushba, Sarsaparilla ; —

'ashabat, A dwarf ; a large tooth .

a aac ' a shd (v.n.), Collecting, gathering.

i r ic 'ashr (probably for A. 'ushar), Every
milky plant ; name of a poisonous milky
tree in India; saffron; an artichoke ; senna
of Mecca.

A jAc 'ashr (v.n.), Being ten months gone
with young (a camel) ; taking one from
ten ; decimating ; adding one to nine,
making ten ; being the tenth ; ten (females) ;
the ten fingers ; — Hshr, A watering of
camels on the tenth day ; the time between
two such waterings ; a piece or tenth part
broken off a cauldron or anything else ; —
'ushr (v.n.), Decimating; receiving or col-
lecting tithes ; a tenth part, tithe ; a de-
cade of verses in the Qur'an (of which
there are 621) ; ['wkri shar'l, The tithes
prescribed by law ; — 'ushri 'ashlr, The tenth
part of a tenth, a hundredth part, very
little ;] — 'ashar {'ashar-a), Ten (females) ;
I'askar kalimat, The ten words, i.e. the
commandments, the decalogue ;] — 'ushar,
A certain bitter tree emitting better fire
than any other kind, and used in making
bolsters, while from its blossoms and
branches a certain kind of sugar is obtained.

a 'ushara, A camel gone with young
ten months or eight months ; a woman in
labour, or who has borne a child within
forty days ; (pi. of 'ashlr), Companions
(especially husband and wife) ; familiars,
intimate friends.

a u^yuc 'ashardt, 'ashrdt, Decimal num-
bers, tens.

a ijAt! 'aslirat, 'asharal, Ten (males) ; —
'ishrat, Conversation, society, familiarity ;
pleasure, delight, enjoyment ; sociableness,
the pleasures of the table ; — 'mharat, A
certain tree or gum.

a Ai^jAc Hshrat-Jchdna, w^Ac 'ishrat-
Itada, 5^1 k-yix 'ishrat-gdh, A house of plea-
sure, a place of entertainment.

a \ji uujAc 'ishrat-fazd, Pleasure - in-
creasing.

a y^ji. 'ashar-Jchwan, A reader of the
Qur'an ; deposed from office.

a gb^ft f 'usharistdn, A grove of 'itshar-
trees.

a 'ish-iq, 'uskriq, A medicinal seed
called tukkmi marv.

a yjjAc Hshrun, yj^i-c 'ishnria, Twenty.

a syijs 'ashara, A decade, ten days ; the
first ten days of Muharrani.

a (j;/ 4 * 'ushari, Subject to tithe, tit cable.

A (j-iJ! 'ishq, in P. also 'ashq, 'ashaq,
Love ; intensity of the passion and a
blindness to the failings of the object
loved ; being sick or dying for love ; con-
strued with the verbs bdkhtan, khdstan,
sanjidan, ru'idan, nishdndan, &c. ; ['ishqi
Hate, Divine love ; — 'ishq zadan (guftan).
To salute ; to bid farewell ;] — 'ashaq, Stick-
ing, cleaving to ; (pi. of 'ashaqat) ivies ; —
'ushuq, Those who have the charge of plant-
ing, trimming, and keeping in order odorife-
rous herbs.

a &;W Hshq-bdra, Amorous.

a jLjjiAe Hshq-bdz, A man of gallantry; a
tumbler-pigeon.

a ij-s-c 'ishq-bdul, Gallantry, amorous
talk.

a jUjj (j^e 'isliq-parddz, Amorous.
« ^*e?- (J* 4 * 'ishq-pechd, American jas-
mine.

a etV^ 'ishq-pechdn, Ivy.

a 'ashiqa, A kind of ivy.

a pAc 'asham (v.n.), Coveting, desiring
greatly ; becoming dry ; dry bread (without
meat) ; — 'ashim, A sort of tree ; — 'ushum
(pi. of 'ashim), Trees of a certain kind.

Ay-iuc 'ashn (v.n.), Conjecturing, guess-
ing.

a j-i-e 'ashw, 'usMtw (v.n. of j-*- 6 ), Eating
supper ; giving a meal to men or food to
cattle in the evening ; seeing a fire at night
from a distance, and making for it ; tra-
velling in the night-time ; — Hshiu, A cup of
milk taken after the flocks return from
pasture in the evening

a

Purblind; a she-camel that cannot see
before her, and paws the ground ; stumbling
upon, coming upon one against will.

a ij&c- 'ashwat, The thick darkness fol-
lowing the crepuscle ; the time between
nightfall and the fourth part or watch of
night ; — 'ashwat, 'ishwat, An embarking in
a dark or dubious affair ; — 'ishwat, 'ishwa,
Amorous playfulness, blandishment, ca-
resses, &c. ; ['ishwa' i hal-karda, Open, bare-
faced coquetry ; outrageous flirting ;] —
'ushwat, 'ushwa, A lighted fire seen at night-
time in tho distance.

a 'ashiir, <Ay*** 'ashura' 7 \j&& 'ashurd,
in P. also SjjA^ 'ashura, The tenth or the
ninth of the month muharram ; — 'ushtir (pi.
of 'ushr), Tenths ; tithes ; customs, taxes.

a lyiA 'ishwa, 'ushwa, see A. jyfc*.

a issyUi Hshwahd (pi. of 'ishwa), Blan-
dishments, &c.; — 'iskwahd'i marmarZ, Simple
and artless blandishments ; — 'ishwahd'i la-
jawardi, Blandishment of various kinds;
according to others, blandishments out of
place.

a tjtfS dytsi 'ishwa-d'in. Coquettish,
a j\ Jji 'ishtva-parddx, An accomplished
coquette.

'ashwd, (fern, of a'shd),

a «J lyi^i 'iskwa-dih, A raachinator, in-
triguer, artful schemer.

a s^iji Hshwa-Mn, One playing the
gallant or coquette.

a jU Sji£ 'ishwa-sdz, Gallant, coquettish.

a (jjl- 6y±£ 'ishiva-sdzl, Gallantry, coque-
try.

a } S 'ishwa-gar, One who ogles, a

coquette.

a <sy> Sj&e 'ishwa-gan, Ogling, coquetry.

A ,_yic 'ashy (v.n.), Acting like a purblind
man ; providing food or forage in the even-
ing ; — 'ashd, Being purblind ; — 'asM, Pur-
blind ; blind at night ; — 'isha, Supper,
evening meal ; — 'ashly, The evening ; the
time from sunset to the first watch ; also
the first watch.

a jfr^c 'ashlr, A tenth ; the tenth part of
a yii q.v. (a measure of land) ; a friend,
intimate companion (especially husband
and wife) ; the cry of the hyena.

a 'asttrat, Parentage, kindred ; a

family, a tribe ; — 'ashlrat u khwesluln. Kin-
dred and domestic relations.

a y«c 'ass (v^n.), Being strong, hard,
firm ; being severe on a debtor ; — 'uss,
Eoot, origin.

a 'asa (v.n. of j 4 *), Bastinadoing,
striking with a stick or sword ; making a
cudgel; using a sword like a cudgel; a
stick, a staff, cudgel, baton, bludgeon; a
sceptre ; chastisement, discipline ; mem-
brum virile ; an instrument used in taking
altitudes ; — 'asa, 'r-rd.%, Shepherds-staff, a
pot-herb of a red colour ; — 'asa u pd-afzdr
pesh nihddan, To prepare for, or be on -the
point of, travelling ; — 'asdyi dsiyd, The
handle by which a mill is turned ; — 'asdyash
zad, He has thrown down his staff, he has
stopped or made a halt (m.c.) ; — 'asdyi
niatra-polit, A bishop's crosier ; — 'asdyi
musa, Moses' rod ; — alqd 'asd-hu, = 'asdyash
gad, q.v. above ; — inshiqdqu 'l-'asd, shaqqu
'l-'asd, A breaking of the stick, i.e. a sowing
of discord; — laiyim 'l-'asd, Of a mild dis-
position , one who administers justice well.

A s j ^ c 'usab, Fumitory.

a Hsubat, 'isdba, A bandage (for a
wound) ; a fillet, wreath, tiara, turban, or
anything which is bound round or worn
upon the head.

a lac 'asd-barddr, A mace-bearer.

a SUc 'usdi (pi. of 'as* and 'aft), Eebels,
obstinate sinners.

a jlae 'isdr, Great dust ; — 'usdr, Expressed
juice ; — 'assdr, Oil-maker or pressor ; a
presser of grapes.

a SjUc 'us drat, 'usdr u, Expressed juice; ex-
tract; choice part; dregs, refuse; — 'usdra'i
afsintvn, Wormwood- water ; — 'usdra'i mahk,
Liquorice- juice ; — harimu'l 'usarat, Liberal
when appealed to.

a jloc 'assdr-Jchdna, Name of a place
abounding in oil-pressers,

a ^~»lac 'asdflr (pi. of 'usfur), Sparrows ;
a certain kind of tree which is said to have
the shape of sparrows, frequent in Persia,
and called by the Arabs also man ra'd migU,
" Who has seen the like of me?"; — 'asa-
firu 'l-qutub, Four pegs for keeping together
a camel's saddle ; — 'asdflru l-munzir, An
excellent breed of camels used by princes,
and descended from camels belonging to
Nu'man bin Munzir ; — lisanu 'l-'asdflr, The
seed of the ash-tree.

a <j£ 'asd-kash, Leader of a blind
man ; a guide on the road.

a JUc Hsdl, Crooked; a crooked arrow;
name of a place.

a 'asdm (pi. f\*>c\ a'sdrn), A dog's
collar; — 'isdm, A string for fastening a
leather bottle, &c. ; the handle of a pitcher,
&c. ; the small part of the tail ; name of a
chamberlain of Nu'man bin Munzir, of low
extraction but high merits,

a ^ylac Hsdmi, fern. S-^Uc 'isdmvyat,
Hsdmiya, Of the race of 'Isam (see the
preceding article) ; (met.) one who owes
his renown to his own merits (opp. to
^Uoc q.v.) ; — nafsi Hsdmiya, One who does
not glory in his father's virtues but in his
own.

Jjloe 'asawal, A state-messenger.
A/lac 'asd'ir (pi. of 'aslrat), Juices.
a u£jW 'asdyash, His stick or staff (see
Ue).

a j<ti\*2 'asdyam, My stick, my staff.

a s— sfc 'asb (v.n.), Surrounding, encircling,
enclosing ; putting on a turban or tiara ;
binding a fillet round the head; twisting
hard ; tying firm ; tying a rope round a
camel's thighs to make her give milk plen-
tifully ; holding branches together to prune
or strip them of their leaves ; removing the
testicles of a ram, &c. by binding them up ;
a kind of striped cloth ; a red cloud ap-
pearing in very dry seasons ; reddening (as
the horizon) ; dirt upon the teeth ; drying
in the mouth (spittle) ; changing the foot
mufd'alatun (■— ' — w v_/ — ) into mafd'ilun
-) t)y rendering the lam qui-
escent ; — 'asab (v.n,), Having large tendons
(flesh) ; a tendon, nerve, ligament ; chiefs,
upper ranks ; (pi. of 'asabat) nerves, &c. ;
['asabi bdsira, Optic nerve ; — 'asabi sdmi'a,
The auditory nerve ; — 'asabi 'irqu 'n-nisa,
The sciatic nerve; — 'asabi qausi a'ortd, The
cardiac nerve ; — 'asabi mutaivaseita, The
median nerve; — 'asabi majhfdi 'azim, The
sympathetic nerve ;] — 'usab, Gum-traga-
canth.

a 'asbat, 'asba, Name of a fragrant
creeper ; — 'isbat, A mode or fashion of bind-
ing on the turban ; — 'usbat, A body of men,
horses, or birds (from ten to forty) ; —
'ambat, A nerve, tendon, ligament ; kindred,
distant relations.

a Aj - i -a g 'asahiyat, Muscularity ; zeal ;

( 851 )

yO£>

( 852 )

bigotry, prejudice, party-spirit, esprit de
corps ; love of kindred or country.

a f& >asr (v.n.), Squeezing, pressing
(grapes); taking refuge; — 'asr,'asar, After-
noon ; afternoon prayer ; kindred, family,
tribe ; rain ; — 'asr, 'isr, 'usr, 'usur, Time,
an age ; day and night ; last part of the
day, evening; evening prayer ; — 'usr, A
refuge, asylum; escape, deliverance; —
'asar, A refuge, asylum ; \banu 'asar, Name
of a tribe;] — 'usur (pi. of 'asar), Times,
ages.

a 'asrdna, Afternoon meal, lun-

cheon ; five-o'clock tea (m.c).

a iyaa 'asrat, A kind of large tree ; —
'usrat, Refuge, a place of escape ; — 'amrat,
A whirlwind raising the dust in columns.

a ^s/"c 'asarl, Belonging to the tribe
Banu 'Asar.

a (jOJuac 'us'us, Bad-tempered ; a worth-
less fellow ; the rump-bone, root of the tail.

A <- ft « r 'asf (v.n.), Cutting unripe (corn) ;
blowing with violence (wind) ; gaining a
livelihood for one's family; being carried
with velocity ; carrying on, destroying
(war) ; a blade of corn ; corn in the blade ;
Btraw after the grain has been thrashed
out.

a jAac 'usfur, Saffron in the flower.

a jyua 'usfur, feni. JyA-c 'usfurat, A spar-
row ; the place where the forelocks grow;
protuberant bones on each side of a horse's
forehead ; a part of the brain ; a male
locuflt ; various pieces of wood used in pot-
ting together a camel's saddle or litter ; a
nail in a ship ; a king, lord, leader ; —
'usfii.ru H-tln, The fig-pecker ; — 'usfurn 'sh-
shauh, A wagtail,

a J-c 'asl (v.n.), Inclining ; bending,
making crooked ; — 'usl (pi. of a' sal) , Crooked
(arrows) ; — 'asal (v.n.), Being naturally
crooked and distorted ; a crookedness in a
horse's tail ; a small gut ; anything crooked ;
a crookedness in the teeth and leg ; name
of a tree which purges camels.

a f*at 'asm (v.n.), Gaining, acquiring ;
defending, protecting, preserving ; fasten-
ing the string 'isdm to a leathern bottle ; —
'usm, Name of a fortress ; also of a moun-
tain; — 'usm, 'uswm, Marks of henna, &c,
left on the hands or feet ; remainders of
anything; — 'isam (pi. of 'ismat), Collars,
necklaces ; protections, safeguards.

A 'ismat (v.n. of p-**), Guarding,
defending; keeping back (from sin or
danger) ; a defence, guard, protection ; con-
tinence, chastity ; the parda, or seclusion in
which women are required to live ; a neck-
lace, collar, belt ; — 'usmat, Whiteness on
the leg of a doe ; a collar ; a dog's- collar, a
guard.

a (j V y * *'* * 'ismatiyan, Prophets ; holy and
self-denying men ; chaste and holy women ;
Mary the mother of Jesus Christ.

a 'usmur, A water-wheel, or the

bucket attached to it.

a y»c 'asw (v.n.), Cudgelling ; collecting,
drawing together ; binding up a wound.

a »>y>c 'usud (v.n. of J-c), Dying.

Aj^oc 'usur (pi. of 'asr, &c), Ages,
times.

a ijj«ac 'asiif, Violent (wind) ; storm,
hurricane ; opaqueness, dimness, dulness ;
wine; — 'wsw/ (v.n. of i-A-ns), Blowing vio-
lently (wind).

a fj-ae 'astim, A glutton, devourer, great
eater.

a (joc 'asy (v.n.), Being disobedient,
rebellious, revolting ; disobedience, rebel-
lion, revolt; — 'cm, Kebellious, stubborn,
disobedient.

a yW-ac 'isyan (v.n. of Js-e), Being dis-
obedient, rebellious ; rebellion, disobedience,
opposition to lawful authority ; sin, trans-
gression ; unrest ; overthrow ; disturbance.
(Construed with the verbs dwardan, namu-
dan, and warzldan).

a s-tf yl^ac 'isydn-kada, A place of rebel-
lion.

ajSy^ac 'isyangar, Rebellious, sinful.

a s-i-»G 'asib, Intense, vehement, oppres-
sive (as a day with heat) ; calamitous ; the
heart, lungs, or liver dressed with other
intestines and roasted.

a .vac 'isyad, Infamous, suspected, ab-
horred ; a catamite.

A 3j*«e 'asldat, Broth so thick that it
can scarcely be stirred with a ladle ; a kind
of sweet cake, generally given to friends
on the birth of a child.

Aj-s-ac 'apr, Squeezed ; expressed juice;
juice pressed from grapes ; — 'aslri ma'dani,
Mineral juices or essences.

a tj i -e r 'asifara, 'usaifara, The yellow
violet.

A 'aslm, Remains, vestiges ; marks
of any dye on the hands or feet ; sweat,
urine, and filth adhering to a camel's thighs.

a 'azz (v,n.), Seizing between the
teeth, or holding by the tongue ; being
shrewd and clever ; — 'i?z, Cunning, shrewd,
clever; provident, attentive (to matters of
property); eloquent; strong, able to travel;
['izzu mal-in, An able manager of live
stock ; bad-tempered ; a rival ; a miser ; a
lock difficult to be opened;] — 'izz, 'uzz, A
dwarf thorny shrub eaten by camels ; —
'uzz, Food which in towns is given to
camels (as macerated date- stones, Ac).

a Uc 'aza, = ks-.>Ue q.v.

a ui>Ue 'azdt. Any thorny tree.

a «>Li£ 'azdd, Short, compact, powerfully-
built (youth) ; squab and with thick arms
(man or woman) ; — 'izad, An ornament for
the arm, armlet, bracelet.

a iSlm 'izadat, Side-post of a gate or
door.

a yiUe 'azdz, Thick (tree) ; whatever

U»& (

may be taken with the teeth and eaten ; —
'izdz (v.n. 3 of y4«>), Biting one another ; a
habit of biting in a horse ; scarcity ; cala-
mity, misfortune ; — 'uzdz, 'uzzdz, The root
of the nose, the part next the eye- brows.

a J^ac 'uzal, Troublesome, serious, or
important (business) ; difficult to be cured
(disease).

a ls-jUc 'azayat, A kind of green lizard.

A s-^ 'azb (v.n.), Reproaching, reviling ;
cutting ; breaking the horn of a goat ;
piercing (with a spear) ; striking (with a
Bword) ; taking, seizing ; returning ; weaken-
ing ; a sharp sword ; virulent-tongued
(man) ; a light-headed youth ; — 'azab (v.n.),
Having a horn broken.

a Lie. 'izai, A multitude ; a section, a
portion ; a lie ; thorny shrubs ; — 'azzat, A
bite.

a J-4c 'azd (v.n.), Helping, aiding; strik-
ing on the arm ; cutting or felling (a tree)
with the instrument mi'zad ; complaining
of a pain in the arm; — 'azd, 'izd, 'uzd,
'azid, 'azud, 'uzud, An arm (from the shoul-
der to the elbow) ; a companion, an assistant ;
— 'azad, Being diseased in the upper arm
or fore-leg; a beating pain in the upper
arm ; a tree cut ; — 'azid, One who approaches
the side-post of a well ; one who complains
of a pain in the arm.

a. j<4c 'azr (v.d.), Speaking, uttering ;
name of a tribe in Yaman.

a j^yic 'izris, Wild mallows.

a. Uji^ic 'azraf-ut, A male animal larger
than a lizard, on which they believe the
demons ride ; a white worm, to which a
maiden's fingers are compared.

a J^* 'azl (v.n.), Hemming in, reducing
to straits ; preventing a widow from marry-
ing ; being troublesome and difficult (busi-
ness) ; — 'izl, Very wicked, malicious ; — 'uzl,
'uzal (pi. of 'uzlat), Calamities, misfortunes ;
— 'azal, Being muscular ; a place in the
desert abounding in gnats ; a field-mouse ;
name of the father of a tribe ; — 'azil, 'azul,
Muscular (arm),

a «aJUe 'azal&t (pi. of 'amlat), Tendons,
muscles, &c.

a £Lac 'uzlat, Misfortune ; — 'azalat, 'azala,
A muscle ; — 'azala'i plswds, Psoas ; — 'azala'i
jdziba, A tensor ; — 'azala'i hdjib, The corru-
gator of the eye-brow ; — 'azala'i du-sar (zu
rasain), Biceps; — 'azala'i zu batnain, Di-
gastricUB ; — 'azala'i sih-earl, Triceps ; —
'azala'i shaipuri, Buccinator ; — 'azala'i lisdn
u mnakh, GenioglossuB ; — 'azala'i mub'lda,
An abductor ; — 'azala'i inudhuwar, Sphinc-
ter ; — 'azala'i murtafi'a, A levator j — 'azala'i
musaddid, An obturator ; — 'azala'i mufattih,
A dilatator ; — 'azala'i muqriba, An adductor ;
— 'azala'i mumbasita, An extensor ; — 'azala'i
mumila, A depressor ; — 'azala'i munqabiza,
A flexor j — 'azala'i muwarridi chashm, A

853 )

palpebral muscle ; — 'azala'i nu'uzi, An
erector ; — 'azala'i wajna, Zygomaticus.

a uslU iliz 'azala-nak, Muscular.

a 'arm, The plough-tail; a pronged
instrument for winnowing corn ; handle or
middle part of a bow ; rump-bone, root of
the tail of a horse or camel.

a j-4c ( azw (v.n.), Cutting in pieces, dis-
secting, dismembering; — 'uzw, 'uzu, A
member, limb, joint ; a membrane of the
eje; — 'uzu ba-'uzu, Limb by limb.; — 'u?wi
tandsul, Membrum virile.

a <-r>yiz 'uzub, &tyiB 'uziibat, Sharpness of
tongue.

a jAc 'uzw-shikani. Breaking a limb,
maiming; mutilation.

a u*j-*e 'uzuz, Whatever may be taken in
the teeth and eaten ; biting hard (a horse) ;
a deep and narrow well full of water.

a py&B. 'azum, A hardy she-camel ; eating
much.

a to 'azh,, 'azah, Lying, deceiving, ac-
cusing falsely ; enchauting ; — 'azih, A camel
feeding on the thorny plant 'izdh ; — 'izah,
A lie, false pretence, groundless accusation ;
magic, sorcery; a thorny- kind of tree,

a 'azid, A tall palm-tree ; a palm-
tree within arm's reach. „

a 'aziz (v.n. of o 6 *). Taking in the

teeth, or holding by the tongue ; sticking
close to ; biting hard ; affliction, calamity ;
a contemporary, compeer; of the same
age.

a 'att (v.n.), Tearing (a garment) ;
throwing down ; overcoming, conquering.

a U=e 'at a, 'aid' (v.n. of Giving ;
a present, gift, donation, favour ; a grant,
endowment ; concession ; consideration ; —
'ata baihshidan (dadan, hardan), To give,
confer a benefit, present with ; — 'atayi hubrd.
The great gift, i.e. tbe age of 120 years.

a £c 'atd-bakhsh. Giving presents,
liberal, munificent ; — 'ata-bakhsh u karatn-
gustar, Bestowing benefits and diffusing
liberality.

A jU=c 'attar, f em. 8jU=* 'attdrat, A dealer
in perfumes, drugs, spices, or groceries.

a SjU* Htdrat, The profession of a per-
fumer, druggist, or grocer ; perfumery.

A •JjUas 'uiarid, The planet Mercury (whose
orbit is in the second heaven) ; quicksilver ;
name of a root,

JoU JjUjc 'utarid-fttna, <J>±" JjUac 'utdrid-
manish, Like Mercury in intelligence, saga-
cious, clever.

a s->^ 'uttirid-nisdb, In rank like

Mercury.

a <_sj^ 'attdri, Of or relating to a drug-
gist, &c. ; the business of a perfumer or
druggist ; — 'attdri hardan, To carry on such
business, to make perfumes, &c.

a 'ut&s (v.n. of y~l°£), Breaking

forth (the dawn).

a u-U* 'attds, A sneezer.

( 854 )

a \JM* Htdsh (pi. of 'atshdn and of 'at«M),
Thirsty.

A >-*U=i: 'iia/ (v.n. 3 of .-Alas), Showing
kindness ; a loose upper garment ; a sword ;
— 'atj,afj Much bent ; one who makes re-
peated attacks and charges ; a springe ; a
successful arrow.

A (jjUac 'it an, Dung or salt rubbed on a,
hide to season it, and preserve it from rot-
ting and stinking.

a iU\J 'atd-ndma, A deed of gift, a
grant.

a Hjlte 'atdya' (pi. of 'atiyat). Gifts.

a (jW* 'afa'i, Gifted, endowed with good
parts; a self-taught man.

a s-ke 'atb (v.n.), Being soft (cotton) ; —
'utb, 'utub, Cotton; — 'atab (v.n.), Perish-
ing ; breaking down (camel or horse) ; de-
struction.

a jiafc Htr, Odour, perfume, fragrance, otto
attar, ottar (of roses) ; construed with the
verbs afekandan, pecMdan, sudan, &c; [Htr
pdshidan, To sprinkle rose-water and the
perfume q.v. ; — Htri musallagi., A com-
position of musk, ambergris, camphor, and
oil of ban-nuts ; — ba-'itr maUdan, dar Htr
hasMdan, To perfume ;] — 'atir, fem. 'atirat
'atira, Fragrant, aromatic ; perfumed,
scented ; — 'utur (pi. of 'dfir), Persons fond
of perfumes.

a (jjt&it jkc Htr-afshdn, Spreading per-
fumes.

a J=e Htr-parwar, ^U** 'itr-paimay,
Scented, perfumed, fragrant.

a Htr dan, A scent-box.

ay.) j*£ Htr-rez, Spreading perfume.

a 'itrea, Fragrant, odoriferous.

a ^ 'itr-farosh, A perfume-seller.

a yl^jJ" Htr-gardan, A censer, a

sprinkler for perfumes.

a (J^* ^ 'itr-m&ti, The robbing of per-
fumes.

a (j^c Htri, Perfumed, scented.

a uwljjiac 'itrlyat, Perfumes, scents.

a hj 0 * 'itrlyat, 'itriyat, Fragrance, odour,
perfume, scent.

a u~S=c 'ats (v.n. of u-^*), Sneezing ;
breaking forth (aB the dawn) ; dying.

a i-Jac 'atsat, 'atsa, A sneeze ; Bimilar to
another in form or temper ; — 'atsa'l pidar.
The sneeze, i.e. the very image, of bis
father (in French, " son p&re tout crache' ") ;
— 'atea, peckidati, To sneeze ; — 'atea'i iegh,
The sound of a striking sword ; — 'atsa'i
chah, Echo from a well ; — 'atsa dddan
(reJchtan, zadan), To sneeze; — 'atsa'i shab,
Break of day ; — 'atsa'i ehisha, The sound
of a glass, &c., when wine is poured into
it ; — 'atsa'i subh, The sun ; — 'atsa'i ambartn,
A fragrant scent ; — 'atsa'i gurz, The sound
of a brandished club.

A (jit* 'atsh (v.n.), Exceeding in thirst ;
— 'af,ash (v.n.), Thirsting; thirst; ['at ash

dddan, To render thirsty ;] — 'atish, Thirsty,
parched (place) ; — 'atish, 'atush, Thirsty.

a (jjUiic 'atshdn, Thirsty, parched witb
drought ; consumed with desire ; ['atshdn
natshdn, Thirsty to excess;] — 'atashdn,
Name of a thorny tree.

a Jj-ii* 'atsha (fem. of yUic

" " " of

'atshdn),
'atshan)

Very thirsty (vroman) ; (pi.
thirsty (persons).

a wiLc 'atf (v.n.), Inclining; bending (a
stick) ; folding, doubling (a pillow) ; turning
towards ; rushing upon ; connecting by a co-
pulative conjunction; conjunction, adjunc-
tion, apposition ; showing kindness ; favour-
ing ; favour, kindness, affection ; a present,
bounty ; ['atfi baydn, A copulative con-
junction; — 'atfi tafsir, An expliative con-
junction; — 'at f ddshtan, To have an affec-
tion, to be propitious or favourable ; — 'atfi
daman, Fringe of a skirt ; — 'atfi zimdm
('indn,) kardan, To turn the reins towards,
to make for; — 'atf kardan, To secede; —
'atfi gardan, A turning of the head, either
in coquetry or auger ; — harfi 'atf, A copu-
lative conjunction ;] — 'iff, Side ; arm-pit ;
— 'itf, 'atf, The highest part or middle of
the road, the handle of a bow ; — 'utf (pi. of
'dtif), Favourably inclined; (pi. of Htdf)
loose garments ;—'ataf, Length (of eye-
lids, &c).

a t,\£ 'atf-gdh, Border-place, edge,

outskirt ; — 'atf-gdhi-zamin, The extreme
parts of the earth which the ocean sur-
rounds.

a 'itf a, Anything bending back ; a
vine-tendril.

A Ji=c 'utl, 'utul, Poor, indigent ; ill-man-
nered; a stringless bow ; — 'utul, A camel
or horse without a mark ; unarmed (man) ;
unadorned (woman) ; — 'atal (v.n.), Having
a big belly ; heing without ornaments (wo-
man) ; stature, figure, body; the neck; a
cluster of dates.

a ^ 'utm, Plucked wool; coloured wool ;
— 'utum (pi. of 'dtim), Perishing.

a (jlae 'atn (v.n.), Macerating (hides) with
salt, Ac. to soften them and take off the
hair; — 'atari (v.n.), Being dressed for tan-
ning (bides) ; a place near a well where
camels recline after drinking ; a sheep-cote
near water ; — rahbu 'I-' atari, Wealthy, libe-
ral ; powerful.

a y»e 'am (v.n.), Beceiving in the hand ;
raising the head or bands when taking
anything ; overcoming, conquering ; — 'atw,
'itiv, 'utw, 'atuw, A deer that stretches
out its neck to roach something from a
tree.

a ^-jk* 'atusi, Snuff.

a '«/.«/, Favourable, well-affected ;

a camel fond of her colt ; a trap, gin or
springe ; a successful gaming arrow ; a
wrapper, cloak, mantle.

a 'atufat, 'utufat, Inclination ; affec-

( 855 )

tion, kindness, favour ; — 'utfifati pidarlya,
Fatherly affection.

a tySoc 'afun, A camel, male or female,
lying down after having drunk its fill ; —
'utun (v.n. of <^ke), Lying down after drink-
ing to their fill (camels) ; leading camels a
second time to the water ; people who halt
near a watering place.

a « <ij e e 'atlf, Gentle, mild, docile
(woman).

a 4*lse 'atjya, A gift, a grant; an asagin-
ment ; a stipend, an allowance.

a )\<* A^lac 'atiya-ddr, One who holds a
grant, &c. ; a grantee, assignee, stipendiary.

a lie <azz (v.n.), Distressing one (war).

a tUic Hzdz (v.n. 3 of kc), Calling one
another bad names ; vehemence in battle ;
suffering hardship ; difficulty, trouble.

a. Hzdl (v.n. 3 of Ji*), Sticking to-
gether (dogs or locusts) ; inserting the
verses of another amongst one's own ; repe-
tition, reiteration.

a f&c 'izdm (pi. of 'azm), Bones; (pi. of
'azim, 'uzzam) great ; — 'izami ramlm, Rot-
ten bones ; — 'izami lagan (la isma la-kd),
The bones of the pelvis.

a &*&c 'azamat (v.n. of fb*), Being great ;
— 'izdmat (pi. of 'asm), Bones; a hip-
improver.

a ^Uas 'izami, Who owes his celebrity
to bones, i.e. to his dead ancestors (see
u-Ue).

a £>UiB 'azdyat, 'izdyat, An animal resem-
bling a lizard, but larger.

a fS^at 'aza'im (pi. of 'azimat), Great
things.

a s-«kc 'azb (v.n.), Adhering to one with
patience and perseverance ; wagging the
tail briskly (a bird) ; managing property
well ; — 'astub (v.n.), Being corpulent ; grow-
ing hard from labour (hand) ; becoming
dry (skin).

a <sU± 'iz a f (v.n. of k*j), Admonishing,
exhorting; admonition, exhortation, preach-
ing.

a Jx* 'azar (v.n.), Loathing, abhorring ;
filling a leathern bottle ; — 'mur (pi. of
'azur), Filled with wine.

A Jic 'azl (v.n.), Sticking fast together
(dogs or locusts) -, — 'uzul, Persons suspected
of vicious and unnatural propensities,
pathics, catamites.

a ,»ltc 'izlim, The juice of woad or the
indigo-plant.

a 'azm (v.n.), Giving (a dog) a hone ;
striking the bone (of a man) ; a bone ; a
bone having flesh on it ; ['azm, ihrdmi, Os
magnum ; — 'azmi ssauraql, Scaphoid bone ;
— 'azmi 'ujts, Sacrum ; — 'azmi 'us'us, Coccyx ;
— 'azmi qass, Breast- bone; — 'azmi qasaba'i
unf, The vomer ; — 'azmi hatif, The scapula ; —
'azmi Idmi, The lingual bone; — 'azmi wajna,
The cheek-bone ; — 'azmi warah, Ischium ;
— 'azmi hildli, The semilunar bone ;] — 'uzm,

Magnitude, greatness ; a vast crowd, nume-
rous assemblage ; pride ; — 'uzm, 'azm, 'aeam,
The principal or larger part of anything ; —
'azam, The middle of the road ; an open
spacious road ; — 'izam (v.n.), Being great ;
being grievous ; bigness, magnitude ; mag-
nificence.

a oUtc 'uzama' (pi. of 'agim), va>Ui* aza-
mat (pi. of 'azamat), Grandees.

a <W>* 'azmat (v.n. of f^), Thrashing,
belabouring the bones ; — 'uzmat, A hip-
improver; — 'azamat, 'azamut, Mag-
nitude, magnificence , pride, pomp, grandeur ;
(met.) a grandee.

a Jj*kc 'azmi, A sort of pigeon inclining
to white; — 'uzmd (fern, of 'azam), Greater,
most supreme ; — wizdrati 'uzmd, The grand
viziership.

a *T»y»£ 'uzub, = s-i=* q.v. (of which it is
a verbal noun).

a jjkc 'azur, Pilled (with wine or drink).

a 'azim, Great, large, much ; grand,
magnificent, glorious ; much esteemed ;
grave, serious ; severe ; one of the names of
God ; ['azlmu 'l-jussa, Of enormous size
(m,c.) ; — 'azlmu 'sh-ahdn, Of high station or
dignity ; magnificent, splendid ; very tall
or lofty (buildings, trees, &c.) ; — 'ozlmu 7-
qodar, High in rank or power ;] — 'uzaim
(dim. of 'azm), A small bone.

a <*\t\ j^elie 'azim-abdd, Patna, capital of
Bahar.

A & *- „ >kc 'azimat, 'azlma, An important
affair, extraordinary event ; a calamity.

a <-4e 'aff (v.n.), Abstaining from what
is unlawful; abstinence, chastity, conti-
nence ; chaste, abstaining from what is
forbidden ; = <-AAc q.v.

a site 'a/a' (v.n. of y&), Perishing (a
vestige) ; obliterating, effacing (traces, &c.) j
dust ; anything white on the pupil of the
eye ; — 'if a', A multitude of ostrich-feathers ;
abundance of hair (in a camel, &c).

A.j\te 'afar, A species of tree, which easily
kindles, used for striking a fire ; fecunda-
tion ; pruning a palm-tree ; dry bread (i.e.
without meat) ; meal of wheat or barley
without any admixture of sweet ; name of
a place between Mecca and Ta'if ; — 'i/dr
(pi. of 'ufr), Strong, robust, valiant; —
'affdr, One whe fecundates a palm-tree.

a utojUc 'afarlt (pi. of 'ifrit), Horrible
demons or giants ;—'afdrltu 'l-jinn u a/d'l'i
masmumu 's-sinn, Dreadful demons and
vipers with envenomed teeth.

a ju'S ct-ijUc ' afarlt- dsdr, Diabolical in
acts.

a u-^ic 'ifde, Corruption, wickedness,
villainy.

a uoUsje 'ifds, A little purse of leather or
cloth for holding petty cash ; a small
leather strap with which the mouth of a
bottle is fastened ; the cover of a flask.

a cjUt 'a/a/, ii^Ac 'afdfat (v.n. of

( 856 )

Abstaining (from what is forbidden) ; chas-
tity, continence; ['of of it 'l-hubb, Chaste
love ;] — 'ifdf, Medicine, remedy.

a 'ufafat, Milk left in the udder.

AJ^ 'ifdq (v.n. 3 of t^Ac), Coaxing, de-
ceiving, circumventing; applying remedies ;
ravaging a flock (wolf) ; frequency in
milkmg ; rapidity in travelling.

A <aff&qat, Podex ; — kazabat 'affaqatu-
hu, He broke wind.

•4 'aff&n, Name of the father of the
caliph 'Usman;~'ifo,n, Time, season;—
*ala Hffani-hi, In good time, seasonably.

A &e 'affat, A modest woman ;— -iffat

(v.n. of t-te), Abstaining from what is un-
lawful ; chastity, continence, pnrity, virtue ;
[ahli 'iffat, Chaste ;] — 'uffat, Milk remaining
in the udder ; a certain small white fish ;
an old woman.

A gic < a fj (v.n.), Striking (with a stick) ;
coition; beating clothes with the mallet
tni'faj when washing ; committing sodomy ;
—'iff, 'afaj, 'afij, The small guts; — 'afaj
(v.n.), Being large (intestines).

a 'afd, A pigeon, or a bird resembling
it; — also ^Jkic 'afdan, 'afadan (v.n. of ^*),
Leaping with the feet close together.

'a/r (v.n.), Rolling in the dust;
throwing (anyone) on the ground ; burying
under the ground, concealing ; dust ; — 'ifr,
A hog, boar ; swine ; a young pig ; a dan-
gerous, wicked, cunning man ; — 'ufr, Strong,
robust, valiant ; Bharp, shrewd ; the 7th,
8th, and 9th night of the month ; ['an 'ufr-
in, About a month or fortnight ago ;] —
'afar, Earth, dust; the first watering of
sown fields ; gossamer (= mukhdtv, 'sh-
fhaifan q.v. under klai-») ; — 'ufur, Time, sea-
Bon ; et. month.

a 'qfrd, Name of the mistress of
'Arwah ; — 'afro,' (fem. of a'far), Whitish
red (sheep, &c).

A is^Afc 'ifrit, A giant, demon, any fan-
cied Bpectre of a horrible appearance, a
fright; powerful, independent; one who
does a thing in a careful and masterly way,
skilful, clever; — 'ifrit, 'afrit, A sly, dan-
gerous, inhuman man.

a ^jj>JuwyiB Hfnt-didar, Of diabolical
aspect.

A^te 'afis (v,n.), Ordering (a camel) to lie
down ; toying with one's wife ; a walnut.

a (j»Ae 'a/s (v.n.), Restraining, retaining,
imprisoning ; driving (cattle) with violence ;
dragging on the ground ; rubbing ; kicking
the hind-parts.

a (jtte 'afsh (v.n.), Collecting, bringing
together.

a y»4c 'afs (v.n.), Closing the mouth of a
flask or glass bottle with leather ; bending,
doubling ; squeezing hard, twisting the
hand ; pulling up, tearing out ; a gall-tree
and ita nut ; — 'afas, An obliquity in the
nose j — 'afis, Styptic, astringent.

a Uiia 'afaf, ei*Ac 'afaf (P. oKjAA q.v.).
The bark of a dog.

a (jAc 'afq (v.n.), Going at discretion, at
full liberty, disappearing, and afterwards
returning ; covering frequently (an ass) ;
breaking wind ; whipping severely ; waking,
sleeping but little ; doing anything super-
ficially; collecting; retaining, hindering;
shaking anything (wind) ; — 'afaq (v.n.),
Frequenting the watering-place (camels).

a *sMe 'a.fh, 'afak (v.n.). Being very stupid ;
— 'afik, Foolish, stupid.

a Jte 'afl (v.n.), Feeling cattle about the
thighs if fat or lean ; — 'afal (v.n.), Having
a rupture (a female) ; a female rupture ;
the perineum ; fat of a ram's testicles or
parts adjacent which are felt ; fat between
the buttocks of cattle.

a 'afalat, 'afala, A female rupture.

a » -site 'afala-mda, Ruptured (female).

a (v)J6c 'afn (v.n.), Ascending (a hill) ; cor-
rupting, causing to stink (meat); — 'of an
(v.n.), Betting, falling in pieces when
touched (a rope) ; — 'afan shudan, To putrefy
(m.c).

a y*c 'afw, in P. also 'a/a, 'ufa (v.n.),
Erasing, cancelling, obliterating ; effacing
the vestiges of the house, covering them
with dust (wind) ; forgiving, passing by a
transgression ; remitting punishment ;
loathing anything ; being long, luxuriant
(hair, herbage, &c.) ; good pasture ; ex-
celling (in knowledge, &c.) ; water left
after people have drunk ; untrodden ground,
uninhabited, and without the trace of a
building ; being pure (water) ; the largest,
best, or choicest part of anything ; pardon,
forgiveness, remission of sins ; a benefit,
favour, gift; ['afii kardan, To forgive,
excuse, spare; — 'afii kardan khun-rd, To
remit a blood-guilt ;] — 'afw, 'ifw, 'ufw, A
wild ass's colt ; — 'afuw, One who forgives
much ; — 'afuw wa gh affur. (God) the par-
doner and forgiver.

a yic 'afu-peaha, Forgiving, merci-
ful.

A 'ufumt, Astringeney, stypticity.

a slSjte 'afii-gdh, A place where criminals
are pardoned.

a &yie 'ufunat (v.n. of Hotting,
falling in pieces when laid hold of (a
rope) ; corruption, putridity, effluvia, in-
fection, miasm.

a *ic 'affa, A chaste woman ; — 'uffa, A
lamb's skin covered with soft wool.

a 'afldan, To bark.

a 'afir, (Flesh) laid on sand to be
dried by the sun ; meal of wheat or barley
boiled without any admixture of sweets ;
dry bread without meat or condiment; a
woman giving nothing to her female slave
or a neighbour.

a «-Ji-ic 'a/?/, Chaste, abstaining (from
anything forbidden).

J*

( 857 )

A 'afifat, 'afifa, A chaste, modest
woman.

a. & 'aqq (v.n.), Splitting ; slaughtering
(a sbeep) and giving (it) in alms on the
birth of a child or when its head is first
shaved ; — 'iqq, A deep trench or ditch.

a v>Uc 'iqdb (v.n.), Coming behind, fol-
lowing at the heels of ; punishing, chas-
tising ; punishment, chastisement, torment ;
(pi. of 'aqabaf?) declivities or difficult pas-
sages of mountains ; [fchaufi 'iqdbi shah,
Dread of royal resentment or punishment ;]
— 'uqdb, An eagle ; name of a constellation ;
a standard belonging to Muhammad ; a
projecting stone in a mountain ; a stone in
a well on which pitchers are broken ; the
stone whereon a water-drawer stands; a
rivulet whence water flows into a cistern ;
a place of moderate height ; a small thi-ead
in the hole of an ear-ring ; an excrescence
in shape of an almond on the leg of cattle ;
— 'uqdbi dhanln-minqdr, An iron-beaked
eagle ; — 'uqdb shudan, To hanker after.

a c^^lt sjUc 'uqdb-tal'at, Eagle-sighted
(a horse).

A 'uqdbain (obi. du. used as nom.),

Two high poles between which the Wazir
of Nushirwan had suspended Ham z ah, sewn
up in a cow-skin, whence a man in sore
trouble is proverbially called hamza dar
'uqabain, Hamza between the two poles.

AjW 'aqdr (v.n. of yk), Being barren (a
woman) ; an immoveable estate in land,
water, or palm-trees ; a mansion, palace, or
citadel ; household furniture ; — 'iqdr (v.n.
3 of Boasting against another in re-
gard to hamstringing (camels) ; — 'uqdr,
Wine ; a kind of red or otherwise coloured
cloth ; name of a bird whose wings are
used for egrettes ; — 'uqdr, 'uqqdr, Name of
a medicinal plant or root ; ['uqdri ddam,
Name of a medicinal plant ; — 'uqdri kohdn,
Dracunculus ;] — 'aqqdr, An aromatic root.

a sj;^* 'aqdrib, Whisperings, slanders.

a yets* 'iqas, A fillet for the hair.

a <_il&> 'uqaf, A distemper making the
feet of sheep crooked.

A jlte 'aqdq (v.n, of Being with

young (a mare); undutifulness; — 'aqdq,
'iqdq, Fruit borne in the womb ; — 'iqdq (pi.
of 'aquq), Pregrant (mares) ; (pi. of
'uquq) pregnant animals of single hoof ; —
'uq&q, Bitter (water).

a 'aqaqtr (pi. of 'aqqdr), Aromatic
roots; — jaiyidu 'l-'aqdqir, (Iron) of an
excellent quality.

A JVbc 'iqdl, Whatever is given in one
year by way of tithes ; a rope which binds
together the feet and neck of a camel (to
make him obedient when otherwise in-
tractable) ; ['iqdlu 'l-wi'in, A prince ran-
Bomed by hundreds of camels;] — 'uqqdl,
Lameness or limpiag of cattle.

A l%Uc 'aqam, Barren, childless (man or

woman) ; a strong she-camel in her ninth
year ; — 'uqdm, Disastrous (day) ; — 'nqdm,
'aqam, A man of a bad disposition ; raging
(war) ; an incurable distemper.

a Aflas 'aqd'id (pi. of 'aqldat), Funda-
mental articles of faith ; religious tenets.

a ,j»Ue 'aqd'iq (pi. of 'aqiq), Cornelians ;
flashing swords.

a (jofW 'aqd'if (pi. of 'aqlsat), Locks of
women's hair brought together on the top
of the head.

a ,*!Uic 'aqd'im (pi. of 'aqim), Barren
(women),

a 'aqb (v.n.), Striking upon the heel ;
coming behind or after, succeeding, filling
another's place ; taking a second wife
after the death or divorce of the first j
putting a string to a bow, windiug a bow
or an arrow about with a bruised gut ;
the heel ; a son ; a son's son ; posterity ; — ■
'uqb, The end or final issue of anything ;
consequence ; — 'aqab, The heel ; tendons
from which strings of bows of musical in-
struments are made ; hinder part, rear ;
[as 'aqab pur shudan, To be a breech-loader;
— az 'aqab-ash, Behind him, after him ;
(met.) after his death ;] — 'aqib, The heel ;
offspring, children, posterity ; end of a
month ; — 'uqab (pi. of 'uqbat), Times, turns ;
things left behind ; — 'uqub, End or issue of
a thing.

a <Mc 'aqbat, Green leaves coming out to
succeed those that have withered ; — 'aqbat,
'iqbat, A kind of painted litter-cloth; —
'uqbat, Posterity ; a time, turn ; anything
received for another commodity (as part of
the food made in a borrowed pot, which is
sent back with it to the owner) ; exchange,
substitute; — 'uqbat, 'iqbat, Outward form;
remains, vestige (as of beauty, &c.) j —
'aqabat, A tendon ; the summit of Mina,
where Muhammad was first publicly ac-
knowledged by a number of persons ;
steep mountain-summits difficult of ap-
proach.

a Js^ac 'uqba, End, accomplishment, issue,
success ; conclusion, termination, last state ;
consequence ; requital, reward, punishment ;
future state, the life to come.

a 'iqqat, The hair of young animals
with which they are born ; — 'uqqat, A
child's plaything:

A 'aqd (v.n.), Binding, fastening,
tying in a knot ; becoming thick and con-
crete (any fluid) ; counting on the fingers ;
entering into partnership, or forming any
commercial contract ; a knot ; a compact,
league, treaty, engagement, covenant ; ma-
trimony ; responsibility, suretyship ; an
arch; the key-stone of an arch ; a decimal ;
[•aqd bastan,'To tie a knot; to engage in
or conclude a marriage : — 'aqdi tamMn
(mtvdn), A temporary marriage (=
q.v.) ;-—'aqd gusistan, To break a knot ; —

( 858 )

jit

'aqdi gosha, A knot by which poor people
tie anything in the turban-sash ; — ■ 'aqdi
majlis ddshtan, To meet, to hold a con-
ference ; — 'aqdi nikdh hardan, To make a
marriage contract; — 'aqdi namdz Icardan,
To prepare for prayer; — 'aqd wa Icardan,
To untie a knot; — ahlu'l-hall wa'l-'aqd,
Authorised to loose and to bind;] — 'iqd, in
P. also 'aqd, A collar, necklace ; a bulse ;
a guard ; ['iqdu 'l-jumdn, A string of pearls;
— Hqdi shah-afroz, The stars and planets ; —
'iqdi shah u roz, Moon and sun ; time, for-
tune, the world ;] — 'aqad (v.n.), Being tied,
fettered (the tongue) ; name of a tribe in
Yaman; — 'aqid, Tracts of accumulated sand;
(for 'aqidu 'I4isdn) tongue-tied ; short but
hardy, patient of labour (camel) ; — 'uqad
(pi. of 'uqdai), Knots.

a <5i^Aac 'aqddna, Marriage-fees, formerly
paid to the Kttzi or Musulman priest in
India.

a ^joj a3c 'aqd-bandl, The tying of the
marriage- knot ; concluding a contract, &c.

a SjJic 'uqdat Knot, tie, bond; a joint,
node, excrescence, gland ; an impediment
in speech ; an entanglement, complication,
perplexed affairs, confused words, intri-
cacies ; a knotty problem ; a secret, mystery,
enigma; ['uqda'i i'ras, The marriage tie ; —
'uqda dar Mr uftad (shawad), A stop or
hindrance occurs; — 'uqda dar hdr stadan,
To put a stop or hindrance to; — 'uqda'i
gardun, Head and tail of the (constellation)
dragon ;] — 'aqadat, Root of the tongue ; —
'aqadat, 'iqadat, A tract of accumulated
sands.

a uy^ac 'uqdat~lcushd lite 'uqda-
gnshd), Resolver of difficulties.

a i^ei'^ 'vqdatain (obi. du. of 'uqdat used
as nom.), = 'uqda'i gardun q.v. sub.

a jL. -Uic 'iqd-saz, A jeweller.

a 4-»U j.ac 'aqd-ndma, Marriage-contract.

a ^Li-f 'uqda-gushd'i, The solving of
difficulties.

jSjs 'aqr (v.n.), "Wounding (a horse or
camel) in the feet ; hamstringing ; prevent-
ing from going ; killing (a camel) over the
grave of his master ; a palace, mansion,
citadel ; a lofty edifice ; also one falling
into ruin ; a white cloud ; a cloud or mist
concealing the borders of the sun ; name
of a place near Kufah; — 'aqr, 'uqr, The
foundation, also the area, of a house ; a
place where people alight ; root, origin of
anything; — 'uqr (v.n.), Eeing barren (a
woman) ; barrenness ; a woman's marriage
portion ; also the fine paid for vitiated
virginity ; ['uqri hohan, Dracunculus ; —
baizatu 'l-'uqr, The egg of a cock (being
supposed to lay one every year) ; the first
or last egg which a hen lays ; an egg by
which the trial of a woman's virginity is
made ; an unexpected gift from a quarter
unlooked for ; anything rare ;] — 'aqar

(v.n.), Being seized with sudden fright and
unable to advance or recede ; misfortune ;
— 'uqar, A saddle galling a horse's back.

A v/^ 'aqrab, A scorpion; the sign
Scorpio ; the pin of a dial, the hand of a
watch or clock ; a needle ; a shoe-latchet ;
a crupper-strap ; name of a horse ; — 'aqrabi
pareshdn, A lady's veil ; — 'aqrabi ea'at, The
pin of a dial ; — 'aqrabi nlMfari, The sign
Scorpio.

a Sj^y* 'aqraban, Name of a medical root
or plant.

a uiW^c 'aqrabak (dim. of 'aqrab), The
hand of a watch or clock (m.c).

a iWlfc^ac 'aqrab-khdna, A needle-case ; a
thimble ; a chafing-dish ; (met.) the world.

a Ejae 'aqrat, 'uqrat, Barrenness (of wo-
men) ; — 'aqirat, (A she-camel) which drinks
not except in fear ; — 'uqirat, (A woman)
diseased in the womb ; a little spherical
amulet or charm which women wear to
prevent them from becoming pregnant.

a }fic 'aqz (v.n.), Creeping close to each
other (ants).

a yfcjie 'aqsh, (v.n.), Bending (a stick) ;
collecting, accumulating (wealth) ; the fruit
of the tree ardk; extremities of vine-
branches; — 'aqsh, 'aqash, A kind of pot-
herb.

a <jaac 'aqs (v.n.), Plaiting or twisting the
hair; making it into curls; — 'aqas (v.n.),
Being bad-tempered ; avaricious ; — 'aqis,
Covetous ; bad-tempered ; sand unequally
heaped and difficult to cross ; — 'iqas (pi. of
'iqsat), Spiral locks; — 'uqus, A miser; the
tripe.

a &aBc 'iqsat, (A woman's) braided hair;
a lock, a curl.

a i^naz 'aq'aq, A magpie.

A J«c 'aql (v.n.), Confining, tying up (a
camel's) foot ; constipating the belly (as-
tringent medicine) ; finding out ; flying for
refuge ; standing erect on a high rock
(mountain -goat) ; paying ; paying a fine
for manslaughter ; pacifying those who
threaten revenge ; being vertical and per-
pendicular (the sun at mid-day) ; changing

mafd 'tlun ('—' ) 'mto fa 'ilun ) ;

intellect, reason, discrimination; heart,
mind ; a fortification, citadel ; an asylum ;
mulct, fine ; a red cloth with which a camel-
litter is covered •, a kind of striped cloth ;
I'aqli insdnl, Human reason; — 'aqli auwal,
Natural genius or instinct ; the throne of
God ; the Holy Spirit ; Muhammad ; Ga-
briel ; — 'aqli bdligk, Maturity of mind, when
the judgment is formed (about eighteen
yearB of age) ; — 'aql bar ja ast, One's under-
standing is sound; — 'aqli fa"dl,^ Superior
wisdom ; — 'aqli ma'dd, Meditation on a
future state ; — 'aqli ma'dsh, Economy, in-
dustry, prudence; — khildfi 'aql, Unreason-
able, inconsistent;] — 'aqal, A distortion in
the feet of camels ; a knocking together of

Ate

the knees ; — 'uqul (pi. of Hq&T), Ropes with
which the fore-feet of camels are tied up
to the shoulder.

a SJic 'aql-an, Reasonably ; prudently ;
logically ; by inference ; by guess ; — 'aqla'
(tern, of Jtel a'qal), Bow-legged (she-
camel) ; — 'iiqala' (pi. of 'aqil), Intelligent,
wise, judicious (persons).

a \j\ Jac 'aql-drd, What adorns the intel-
lect.

a <o&3c 'aqldna, Prudently, wisely, reason-
ably.

a &ai 'uqlat, A tripping or twisting of
the feet of an adversary in wrestling; magic
charms ; the character == in geomancy.

a Jte 'aql-raftagi, Loss of reason.

a dUJj Jsc 'aql-rafta, Bereft of reason.

a J2e 'aql-gutsin, Approved by reason.

a AuJit 'aqlmand. Sensible, judicious.

a ^xulac 'aqlmandi, Intelligence, wisdom,
sound sense ; sagacity ; discretion ; practi-
cal skill, cleverness, savoir f aire ; ingenuity ;
craft.

a Jac 'aqli, Reasonable ; intellectual ;
theoretical, judicious; — af'ali 'aqliya, Pru-
dent, judicious actions.

a fjiti 'aqm, Anything intervenient or
intervening; — 'aqm, 'uqm (v.n.), Being
barren ; barrenness ; — 'aqm, Hqm, A colour,
paint ; — 'uqm, A red garment, or carpet ; —
'uqum (pi. of 'aqim), Women who conceive
not.

A JSasc 'aqanqal, A large open valley ; a
hill in sandy grounds; intestines of the
Lybian lizard ; a cup, goblet ; a sword.

a jSc 'aqw (v.n.), Being high, lifted up
(a banner) ; digging a well ; abhorring,
loathing.

a fyfc 'uquhat, Punishment, chastisement,
torment, torture.

a *Jj£c 'uqiid (pi. of 'aqd), Knots, ties;
agreements, obligations ; decimals, num-
bers above units ; (pi. of Hqd) necklaces.

a cu\jjac 'uquddt (pi. of the preceding),
Knots; doors, arches.

A_y5c 'aqur, Biting (dog).

a jyfc 'aquq, Pregnant (mare) ; also one

not in foal ; — 'uquq (v.n. of 15*), Being dis-
obedient, undutifulj disobedience, rebel-
lion (against parents) ; being pregnant.

a Jjic 'aqitl, Wise, sagacious, intelligent ;
an astringent medicine ; — 'uqul (v.n. of
Jte), Standing erect on a high rock, taking
refuge on a mountain (deer, &c.) ; (pi.
of 'aql) intellects, reasons, judgments ;
sciences; — arbabi 'uquli sadida, Persons of
sound judgment.

a 43c 'aqqa (corruption of 'aq'aqat, n. un-
of 'aq'aq't), A magpie (m.c).

A yVs^ Hqydn, Purest gold produced from
plants or growing like vegetables, but not
dug from mines.

a iAjjie 'aqldat, 'aqida, A fundamental

article of religion ; faith ; — bad-'aqtda, Un-
believing, sceptical.

a ut>iV>«c 'aqldat'kesh, iju-- u»*«Se 'ctqt-
dat-manish, Faithful.

a ^sSt 'aqir, Cut, wounded ; lamed, ham-
strung ; childless ; — 'uqair, A bitter date.

a ia«ac 'aqisat, (A woman's) braided hair.

a (jMc 'aqiq, A cornelian, agate, red gem ;
a valley ; a channel filled by a stream ; any
place excavated by a torrent ; hair upon
new-born infants or animals ; name of seve-
ral places ; — 'aqiqi ablaq, An agate of two
colours ; — 'aqiqu 'l-bahr, Mocha stone ; In-
dian Bhot, the seed of Canna indica; — •
'aqiqi jigari, A precious stone ; — 'aqiqi
muzab {nab), The lip of a mistress ; tears
of blood ; red wine.

a &&~se 'aqiqat, A thunderbolt piercing
the clouds like a naming sword ; an. arrow
shot towards the clouds; hair upon new-
born infants and animals ; the ceremony of
shaving the hair of an infant on the sixth
day after birth ; a sheep slaughtered on
that occasion ; the fore-skin of a child.

a s-J tj^itc 'aqiq-lab, With lipa of corne-
lian hue, with ruby lips.

a 'aqiqin, Of the colour of agate,

cornelian, ruby, &o.

a (s-JU= |_5*\ (;») JtSc 'aqil (bin abi talib),
Name of the brother of the caliph. Ali, and
the most skilful genealogist of the tribe of
Kuraish ; also of another companion of
Muhammad; — 'uqail, Name of a village in
Khuzistau ; also of the father of a tribe.

A fiLsc 'aqilat, Anything excellent in its
kind (as a prince or chief, a chaste and
noble lady, the best camel) ; — 'aqilatu
bahr, Pearls (as being the most precious
product of the sea).

a 'aqim, Barren (woman) ; childless
(man) ; a gentle wind moving neither
clouds nor trees ; unhappy (day), especially
that of the last judgment; vehement,
raging (war) ; — ranji 'aqim, Useless toil,
labour in vain.

a 'aqimat, 'aqima, Barren (woman).

a ypte 'iqyaun, A sea of air under the
throne of God, in which, the Muhamma-
dans say, angels stand armed with spears
of the winds, their faces turned towards the
throne, and ' repeating the praises of God
Almighty.

a <sU 'akh (v.n.), Restraining, diverting
(from any purpose) ; delaying, putting off
(payment of debt, &c.) -, repeating often,
(words, orders, injuries) ; striking with a
whip, scourging, chastising; fettering, im-
prisoning ; attacking, charging ; overcom-
ing, getting the better of (by argument) ;
explaining (a speech) ; turning, returning ;
name of a man ('Akk bin Adsan).

a V£c 'ahkd, Acre, Ptolemais.

a v>^* 'akab. Dust ; — HJcab (pi. of 'anka-
bid), Spiders ; — 'ukdb, Smoke.

( 859 )

( 860 )

a 'ajead, Name of a mountain in-
habited by people noted for their eloquence.

a 'akkfir, One who makes repeated
charges and attacks ; name of the father of
a tribe.

a (j-^ie 'ikas, A rope (especially tying
the neck of a camel to his fore-feet in
order to make him quiet) ; — 'akkde, Photo-
grapher (m.c).

a (jn^Zz 'akkds-bdsM, Chief photo-
grapher, photographer to the Court (m.c).

a iilat-iVXe 'akkds-kjhdna, A photographic
establishment or studio (m.c).

a 'akkdgl, Photography ; trade of a

photographer (m.c).

a J*\<.n 'ukkash, A spider ; male spider ;
spider's web ; name of a mountain ; also of
a man.

a fe^c 'ukdz, The celebrated fair formerly
held near Mecca, which lasted three weeks.

a jjiAXc 'ukdzj, Of or referring to the fair
of Ukiiz ; — adimi 'ukdzi, Leather bought or
sold at the fair of TJkaz.

a JUe 'ileal, A rope with which a camel's
fore-foot is tied up.

a 'iJcam, A rope, or anything similar,
for tying up bales.

a 'ikdn, The neck.

a s-S* l akb (v.n.), Travelling hard ; light,
nimble, brisk ; dust ; cheerfulness, brisk-
ness ; — 'akal (v.n.), Being thick (smoke) ;
thickness of lip, chin, or teeth; closeness
of toes ; — 'ukub (pi. of 'ankabilt), Spiders ;
— 'ikabb, A corpulent dwarf ; disobedient,
rebellious (man or demon) ; one whose
mother had another husband ; name of the
jailor of Nu'man bin Munzir,

a 'akbar, Hkbir, A flower of various
colours of which bees are fond ; a bitter
matter found in honey with which bees
feed their young ones ; bees-wax.

a S£c 'akkat, 'ukkat, Intense heat with-
out a breath of wind ; — 'ukkat, A leather
bottle in which butter is preserved ; sands
heated by the reflection of the sun ; the
change of colour in a Bhe-camel after con-
ception ; paroxysm of a fever.

a i& 'ukd, 'akd (?), The middle (of any-
thing) ; — 'akad (v.n.), Becoming fat (a
camel or lizard) ; — 'akid, Dry trees one
upon another ; fat (camel or lizard).

A.j£*'akr (v.n.), Rushing upon, assault-
ing;' returning to a charge, renewing a
fight ; inclining to, departing for, a place ;
running home to his own people in spite of
his rider (a camel) ; — 'iter, Root, origin,
principle, foundation ; one's own people ; —
'akar (v.n.), Being or becoming turbid ;
dregs or sediment, mother of oil, lees of
wine ; rust ; herds of camels (from 50 to
100, according to others, exceeding 500) ; —
'akir, Muddy, feculent, dreggy, unracked
(wine).

a i^Xc 'akarat, 'akara, A large herd of

camels (from 50 to 100, or exceeding
500).

a 'ikrimat, A female dove ; name of
the father of a tribe ; also of one of Mu-
hammad's companions.

a 'akz (v.n.), Seizing, grasping,
griping ; leaning on a staff or crutch ;
driving a spear into the ground; finding
one's way to anything ; — Hkz, Wicked, ill-
disposed; avaricious, covetous.

a 'aks (v.n.), Turning upside down,
inverting, placing the last first, transposing ;
checking, pulling in the reins ; tying the
rein of a camel to his fore-leg in order to
make him quiet; pouring milk upon any
food ; reflexion, inversion ; reverberation,
recoil, repercussion ; refraction ; the re-
verse, contrary, opposite; counterpart;
shadow ; reflected image ; opposition, spite ;
construed with the verbs uftddan, afgandan,
sadan, kashidan, &c. ; — 'aks anddk\tan, To
throw one's reflection, i.e. to have one's
photograph taken, to sit for a photograph
(m.c.) ; — 'aks anddkhtan ax kase, To take
one's photograph (m.c.) ; — 'aksi n&r, Re-
flection of light. (See also the article ,
p. 775).

'aks-anddz, Represented by
reflection (as in a mirror) ; — 'aks-anddz
kardan, To represent by reflection, to
mirror.

a 'aksl, Reflected ; refler ; obtained

by reflection ; photographic.

a y>,f£ ^j— 'aksi-tanvir, A reflected
image or picture ; a silhouette ; a photo-
graph.

a <J^& 'akeh (v.n.), Collecting, bringing
together ; rushing upon ; surrounding a
bull (dogs) ; tying tight ; spinning her
web (a spider) ; — 'aJcash (v.n.), Being
curly and heaped together (hair) ; growing
luxuriantly and becoming entangled (plants).

a <_/a£o 'aks (v.n.), Repelling, driving
back ; closeness, compactness ; malignity,
badness of temper; — 'aJcas (v.n.), Being
bad-tempered ; being stubborn, restive,

a Saic 'akz (v.n.), Compelling, subduing;
silencing, taking down (a boaster) ; confin-
ing, detaining ; deposing,

a cd«£e 'ak'ak, A magpie (see <j*at, <*X£c,
and

a mX£e 'akak, A magpie.

a J£c 'akl (v.n.), Being obscure, doubt-
ful ; piling (furniture, &c.) one upon
another ; throwing into prison ; binding (a
camel) with the rope 'ikdl) ; collecting,
assembling ; conjecturing ; driving hard ;
throwing to the ground ; labouring dili-
gently, striving ; dying ; — Hkl, Mean, ava-
ricious ; — 'ukl, Name of the father of a
tribe noted for stupidity ; — 'akal (v.n.),
Being sullied by the oil (a lamp) ; — 'uktd
(pi. of 'dkil), Misers, niggards.

a 4iS* 'akla, A kind of ivy.

( 861 )

a 'akm, Tying (effects or furniture)
with a garment ; fastening burdens tight ;
returning from a visit ; making for ; rush-
ing upon, attacking ; expecting, waiting
for ; the interior of the side ; — 'ifcm, A rope
or anything similar for tying up bales ;
half a horse- or camel-load, as much as is
carried on one side ; a carpet in which a
woman keeps her stores ; a casket for
jewels; a portmanteau.

a (j)£b 'uhan (pi. of 'uknat), Wrinkles on
the belly from fatness ; folds.

a iiXe 'ulcnat, A wrinkle on the belly
from fatness ; a fold.

"J^c 'akna, Hermodactyls.

vj^c 'akvb, A kind of artichoke.

A vj£* 'akub, Dnst ; — 'ukub (v.n. of <~r^),
Pressing upon one another (camels when
watering) ; standing ; (pi. of 'dkib) great
multitudes.

a y£e 'ukur (v.n. of Returning.

A uuie 'ultuj (v.n. of i-iS*), Kemaining
behind; hovering round; being assiduous,
Bticking close to; keeping constantly in
the mosque engaged in acts of devotion.

a 'ahiim, One who recedes or de-
parts ; the place of receding or departing ; —
'ukum (pi. of Hkm), Bundles of cloth, &c.

a 4Xc 'akka, A magpie.

a 'aMg, A shoot of a vine laid under
ground for propagation, a layer.

a 'ukaim, Name of a man.

a Jc 'all (v.n.), Striking one with repeated
blows ; drinking or causing another to
drink a second time ; becoming ill; a man
emaciated with sickness or age; one who
has much intercourse with women; a plump
tike; a large he- goat ; a year of scarcity ; —
'all-a, Perhaps ; — 'all-i, Perhaps I (may do
so and so).

a >&e 'aid' (v.n. of ^J*), Being superior
to, above, on the upper part.

A «1U 'aldt, An anvil; a stone on which
curds are placed to dry.

A gS* 'ilaj (v.n. 3 of glc), Applying (a
remedy) ; adjusting, managing (affairs) ;
remedy, cure, treatment, management ;
a medicine ; — bad-'Udj, Unskilled in the
treatment of maladies ; a quack ; — bi-'ildj,
Without remedy, incurable.

a ji'H 'ildj-pazir. Curable.

a (j»Sk£ 'ulde, A thing, somewhat (eat-
able).

a <Hat, A rope round a camel's neck ;
the side of a camel's neck ; a mark made
on a camel's neck by burning ; the ring of
a dove ; mischief, dispute, strife.

A Utia 'ilaf (pi. of 'alaf), Provenders ;
name of a man ; a kind of pack-saddles
called after him (see the following) ; —
'alldf, A vendor of forage or fodder, a
purveyor of provender; a corn-chandler.

A uaLiifi 'il&fiydt, pi. of —

a £**!!ib Hlafiyat, 'ilaflya, A strong pack-

saddle, large in the middle and behind,
made by 'Ilaf.

a 'aldq, Food, fodder sufficient for
cattle ; a road ; the beam which supports
the pulley of a well ; the pulley itself ;
also the rope ; a wheel for drawing water;
a large bucket ; wish, desire ; friendship,
affection.

A 'aldqat, 'alaqa (v.n. of ijlc), Fall-
ing iu love, being attached; a strong incli-
nation towards ; friendship, affection ; re-
lation, parentage, connection ; food sufficient
for the day ; a dependency, province, dis-
trict, parish ; a tenure, holding, estate,
manor; jurisdiction; a business, concern,
office, post ; construed with buridan, dashtan,
gusietan, &a. ; ['alaqa' i qardbat, Connection
of kindred, relationship;] — Hldqat, Hldqa,
Fixed love, friendship, affection ; a rope or
strap by which anything is fastened ; a
turban-sash ; a lace, braid, tape ; ['ildqatu
's-said, Game suspended by the legs;] —
'alldqat, Death ; calamity.

a ^ ii^e 'ilaqa-band, A gold -lace maker ;
a tape-maker ; a braider.

a ^Ai> 6£i*. Hldqa-ba7idl, Gold-lace work ;
lace-work ; braiding; the making of fringe,
tape, &c.

aj\ j iii^c 'aldqa-ddr, Connected, dependent,
related ; the person responsible for the
payment of the rates, &c, of a village or
district.

a a^H^cl 'aldqamand, = jIj *j>^ q.v.

a ^y^c 'aldqi, Attachment, connection,
relation, dependence.

a i-/^ 'aldqiyat, (A man) devoted wholly
to anything.

S4c 'alala, An acclamation of reproof;
noise, tumult.

a aSI^c 'uldla, A learned man, a scholar.

A 'ilam (pi. of 'aldmat), Signs, marks ;
—(pi. of 'alam) milestones ; landmarks ;
mountains ; — 'uldm, A sparrow-hawk ; —
aldma (for 'ala ma q.v. under ij*), Upon
what? — 'alldm, Very learned, possessed of
great knowledge ; omniscient, God (as
knowing everything) ; skilled in genealo-
gies ; I'alldmu 'l-gbtwyub, Acquainted with
things future and invisible (God) ;] — 'Uldm
(v.n. 2 of Teaching, instructing ; wear-
ing any mark or badge of recognition (as
soldiers in battle); — 'ulldm, A sparrow-
hawk ; privet, henna ; a very learned man ;
skilled in genealogies ; (pi. of 'dlim) learned
men, scholars.

a ^Uib 'aldmat (pi. of the following),
Marks, signs, &c.

A 'aldmat, 'alama, A sign, signal,

mark ; any distinguishing characteristic or
impression; diagnosis (of a disease); a
pedigree ; coats of arms, armorial bearing ;
a standard, banner, ensign ; a road, post, a
milestone; — 'aUumat, alldma, ^yle 'allamly,
Very learned; possessed of the highest

( 862 ) cJic-

degree of knowledge, but never applied to
God, because the letters I and ^ although
here expressive of intensity, not of femi-
nality or relationship, might imply an im-
putation of the latter two qualities to the
divine being ; ['allamatu '1-warA, The most
learned of men ; — 'alldma'i asr, The great-
est scholar of the age ;] — 'alldm-i, My very
learned friend, the familiar title given by
Akbar to his celebrated minister Abu'l-
Fazl (see makdtibati 'alldmi under

A 'ilan, An acting openly with ; name
of a fortress near San'a ; — 'alldn, Ignorant
(man) .

a ,_3^ 'aldnl, Public, open, manifest,
notorious.

a ijXc 'aldniyat, 'aldniya (v.n. of yJi),
Becoming manifest, public, open, no-
torious ; publication, divulgation, notoriety,
publicity ; public life ; external deport-
ment; (fern, of Hldnt) public, open, noto-
rious, &c.

a 'aldwat, 'aldiva, Eedundancy, super-
abundance ; excess ; a super-addition ; over
and above, moreover, besides ; ['aldwa
bar in, Independently of this ; notwith-
standing that ;] — 'ildwat, The upper part,
anything placed upon another; a small
package laid on the top of a horse- or
camel-load; — 'ulawat, The upper part; —
'ulawatu 'r-rlJf, An upper current of air.

a jWc 'ald'iq (pi, of 'aldqat or Hldqat),
Affections, studies, attachments ; connec-
tions ; (pi. of 'aliqat) marriage portions.

a s-ic 'alb (v.n.), Making an impression,
marking ; fastening tight the handle of a
sword, <fcc, with the sinew of a camel's
neck ; a mark, trace, impression ; — 'Ub, A
worthless fellow from whom no good is to
be expected; a place which no rain can
render fruitful ; ground where lote-trees
grow; — 'alab (v.n.), Being firm, solid
(flesh); beginning to corrupt (meat); being
broken in the edge (a sword) ; a disease in
the nerves of a camel's neck ; — 'alib, A hard
substance ; old, tough (a goat, lizard, &c.) ;
— 'ulab (pi. of 'ulbaf), Milk-pails of wood
or leather.

a 'ulbat, 'ulba, A milk-pail of wood
or camel's leather ; a case, coffer ; a pill-
box.

a &a 'allat, Harm, hurt ; a fellow-wife ;
{banu 'l-alldi. Sons of a, father who has
several wives ;] — 'illat, An accident, ca-
lamity, disease ; a cause, reason ; a charge,
count of indictment ; — 'Mali ubna (pusht),
An unnatural propensity ; — 'illati ziydrat,
Under pretence of a visit; — 'illati surkk,
Erysipelas: — 'illati sari, Formal cause, i.e.
that form in which the essence of a thing
consists ; — 'illati gka'i, Final cause for
which it was made ; — 'illati fa'ili, Efficient
cause (as the maker, if the work of man) ;
— 'illaii qunmi, A plague or endemial dis-

ease peculiar to the city of Kumra ; (met.)
obscurities, difficulties in a book ; an un-
natural propensity ; — 'illati mdddi, Material
cause, matter of which a thing is made ; —
'illati maahdyikh, An unnatural propensity
in old men ; — M-'iUat, Without cause ; in-
dependent, unconcerned, unbiassed ; — H-
'illati, Unconcern, unbiassed judgment.

a ss\-i <*~1e 'illat-ddna, Small-pox,

a 'illati, Having a fault, vice, flaw,
<fcc. ; of bad habits ; sick ; imperfect.

A «aJ* 'als (v.n.), Mixing (wheat with
barley) ; collecting ; tanning a skin bottle ;
failing to strike fire (flint) ; name of a vil-
lage near Baghdad j — 'alas, Intrepidity in
battle, fierceness of combat ; — 'alis, An
adopted son, the putative son of a man not
his father.

ki-J^ '{Is, A kind of wild endive.

a j-b 'alj (v.n.), Conquering, overcoming,
excelling in adjusting or healing ; — 'ilj, An
ass; the wild ass or onager; an infidel,
one of no religion ; rough, fierce ; — 'alaj, A
dwarf species of palm-tree ; — 'alij, 'ulaj,
Solid, grave, firm (man).

a y^it 'alajdn, Name of a plant used in
washing the hands.

a 'aljam, Long, tall.

a 'uljum, A robust, choice camel ;

a male frog; a great quantity of water j a
wave of the sea ; darkness of night ; a tike ;
an ostrich ; a mountain goat ; an old bull ;
a drake ; a certain white bird.

a «A*ic 'alahidda, Separate, apart, dis-
tinct.

a .ilc 'aid (v.n.), Being hard and strong ;
hard, strong ; a nerve in the neck ; hard-
ness.

A)lc 'alas (v.n.), Being covetous ; fretting,
chafing ; being restless under distress or
bondage 'alia, Avaricious ; fretful, rest-
less, unable to sleep.

a 'als (v.n.), Drinking, eating, tast-
ing ; meat, drink ; — 'alas, A tike ; a lentil ;
a sort of ant ; a species of wheat having
two grains in each husk,

a Sol* 'alt (v.n.), Branding (a camel) on
the neck with a transverse mark ; speaking
ill of anyone ; aiming at or hitting with an
arrow ; — 'nit, A necklace ; a sword-belt ; —
'ulat, A she-camel without a burnt mark or
a bridle.

a i-Ale 'alf (v.n.), Feeding cattle, giving
them plenty of meat and drink ; drinking
much ; — 'ilf, Who devours much ; — 'ilf,
'ulf, A certain tree growing in Yaman, the
leaf of which resembles that of the vine,
and is used as a substitute for vinegar in
cookery; — 'ulf (pi, of 'alufat), Stipends,
salaries ; — 'alaf, Grass, forage, fodder, pro-
vender ; food, eatables ; [_'alafi khtourieh
(sMrln), The medlar;] — 'uluf (pi. of 'alu-
fat), Provisions for horses.

( 863 )

a a\stfie. 'alaf-Jchdna,, A store-house for
fodder, &c. ; (met.) the world.

a j\fi&£ 'alaf~kky>dr, Pasture ; — 'alaf-
khpdrhdyi lehurram. Charming pastures.

« <^)V" < - t * I! - 'alaj-khyvdri, Pasturing, feed-
ing, consuming food.

a jjatilc 'alaf~jch.wur, Any beast fed in the
stall (as a horse, ass, or mule), stall-fed ;
a glutton.

a £jT-uU 'alafddn, A hay or corn-bin ; the
crop of a bird; the maw or paunch of a
beast.

a j\)Alc 'alafzdr, Pasturage, a meadow.
a i\S wile 'alaf-gah, A feeding-place.
a us)li oilc 'alafnak, Abundant in pas-
turage.

a aMe 'alafa, Provender, &c. ( =
q.v.).

a (jl* 'alq (v.n.), Browsing the summit
of a tree (a camel) ; — 'alq, Hlq, Anything
precious; a bag or sack; — 'ilq, Excellent
wine ; fine garments ; a shield ; a sword ; —
'alaq (v.n.), Browsing on the topmost leaves
of a tree; being suspended, hanging; having
a horse-leech fastening upon his chin whilst
drinking ; adhering to (as clay to the hand) ;
falling in love ; conceiving, being pregnant
(woman) ; lasting love, affection, attach-
ment ; suspension ; anything suspended or
hoisted up; a suspensory; thick, clotted
blood ; leeches ; — 'ulaq, A large body, troop,
herd; deaths; employments.

a Jalc 'alqat, A drawing, a dragging or
trailing (of a garment) ; — 'ilqat, The first
garment worn by a boy ; a sleeveless shirt ;
a rich garment ; a certain tree used in
tanning ; — 'ulqat, A part of anything,
somewhat ; suspension ; food sufficient for
a day ; — 'alaqat, A quantity of clotted
blood ; a horse-leech.

a fjte 'alqam, The wild gourd ; the bitter
]ote-fruit; anything bitter.

A £*ale 'alqamat, Bitterness ; name of two
poets ; also of a companion of Muhammad ;
also of a city of Maghrib.

A 'alk (v.n.), Chewing (as gum and
the like) ; champing the bit (a horse) ; —
'ilk, The gum of pine, juniper, or any gum
that may be chewed; — 'alak, A certain
tree found in Hijaz; — 'alik, Adhesive,
viscous; tough (meat).

a 'alkam, A strong camel.

a £*£ie 'aUcamat, Bigness of a camel's
bunch.

A pj&z 'alMm, A strong camel.

a Jlc 'alal (v.n.), Drinking, or causing
another to drink, a second time ; a second
draught ;~'ilal (pi. of Hllat), Pretences ;
causes; defects, infirmities, distempers.

A /J* 'aim (v.n.), Signing, marking;
making a fissure in the upper lip ; being
learned ; the world ; men ; creatures ;
~Hbit (v.n.), Knowing, understanding,
being learned ; knowledge, science, doc-

trine; literature; trade, art, profession;
theory ; (in the language of Sufis or mys-
tics) the great veil which conceals the
Almighty ; [Hlmi ah, Hydrostatics ; — Hlmi
adab (akhldq), Ethics, morals ; etiquette ; —
'almi adwiya, The medical art ; — Hlmi asmd,
The knowledge of the names, i.e. of the
attributes of God ; — Hlmi ildhhi, Theology ;
— Hlmu'l-aktdf, The science of divining by
the shoiilder-bJades of sheep ; — Hlmu'l wu-
jah, Physiognomy ; — Hlmu'l-handasat, Geo-
metry ; — Hlmu'l-hi'at, Astronomy ; — Hlmi
anddza, Geometry; — Hlmi imhd, Letter-writ-
ing ; — 'ilmi-dwdz, Acoustics; — Hlmi bdtin,
Speculative science ; — Hlmi bahs, The art of
reasoning, logic and dialectics ; — Hlmi bay an
{balaghat, kkitdbai),T'he explanatory science,
i.e. rhetoric, oratory, eloquence ; — Hlmi
tashrih, Anatomy ; — Hlmi tasrif, Grammar,
accidence ; — 'Umi tasawwuf, The mystic or
the contemplative science ; — Hlmi tanazzur,
Optics ; — Hlmi tawdrikh, Chronology ; his-
tory ; — Hlmi jdn, Physiology; — Hlmijamd-
dtit, Mineralogy ; — Hlmi ('alami ?) chil sabdh,
The leavening of the clay of which Adam
was formed ; — 'Umi hadis, Knowledge of Mu-
hammadan tradition; — Hlmi hiadh, Arith-
metic, science of numbers ; — Hlmi hikmat,
Philosophy, physics ; — Hlmi haiwanat,
Zoology ; — Hlmi khudd, Theology ; — Hlmi
din, The science of religion ; — Hbni raqam,
Arithmetic, science of numbers ; — Hlmi
rami, Geomancy ; — Hlmi riydzat (riydzl),
Mathematics; — 'Umi zamin, Geology, geo-
graphy ; — Hlmi sitdra, Astronomy ; — 'Umi
silir, Magic ; — Hlmi simiyd, Alchymy ; chiro-
mancy, palmistry ; — Hlmi sharif , The noble
science, that of the stars ; — 'Umi ahu'd',
Optics, photology ; — Hlmi shi'r, Poetry ; —
Hlmi sarf, Grammar, accidence, etymology ;
— -Hlmi tibb (='ilmi adwiya), The medical
art; — 'Umi tabi'i, Natural philosophy; —
Hlmi 'adad (ghubdr), Arithmetic; — Hlmi
'aruz, Poetry, versification, prosody ; —
Hlmi 'aql, Natural knowledge ; — Hlmi g&aib,
The occult sciences ; fore-knowledge ; divi-
nation ; — Hlmifirdsat (qiydfa), The science
of physiognomy ; — Hlmi kaldm (ma'dni),
Ehetoric, elocution ; — Hlmi kimiyd, Al-
chymy ; chemistry ; — Hlmi lughat, Lexico-
graphy; — Hlmi muf alias (rasad), Gnomics,
trigonometry; — Hlmi musaUasi musattah,
Plane trigon onietry; — Hlmi musallasi kurawi,
Spherical trigonometry; — Hlmi majlis, A
knowledge of etiquette; — Hlmi mudan, Poli-
tical science or economy ;—Hlmi mardya,
Study of perspective ; — Hlmi masdhat, Geo-
metry ; mensuration ; — Hlmi ma'ddin
(ma'dimydt), Mineralogy ; — Hlmi maqndtts,
Magnetism ^—'ihni malldhat, Nautical art ;
— 'Umi mandzir, Optics, photology ; — Hlmi
mantiq, Logic; — Hlmimusiqi (ta'lifi'l-luhiln),
Art of music ; — Hlmi maujuddt, The know-
ledge of natural phenomena ; Hlmi nabdtdt,

^ ( 864 ) ^

Botany ; — 'ilmi nujum, Astronomy ; astro-
logy > — 'ilmi nahv, Grammar, syntax ; —
'ilmi naql, Borrowed or revealed science ;
— 'ilmi hi'ati dunya, Cosmography ; — 'ilmi
yaqin, Certain knowledge, demonstration ; a
religious life ; — ahli Him, Learned ; a learned
person ; — tdlibi Him, Studious, searching
for knowledge; a student;] — 'alam (^-n.),
Having a fissure on the upper lip, or at the
comer of the mouth ; a standard, ensign,
flag; the border of a garment, especially
when embroidered in different colours ; a
sign, mart, boundary-stone ; an epaulette ; a
road-post, milestone ; a mountain ; a prince,
a lord ; (in grammar) a proper name
'alami SMlti, The border of a sleeve; — 'alam
afgandan (nndaJchtari), To strike or throw
away one's colours ; to forget, neglect ; —
'alam ba-khiln tdza (charb) kardan, To
moisten the flag by the blood of an enemy
slain beneath it (said to prognosticate vic-
tory); — 'alam bar-afrdkhtan (afrdshtan, bar-
tiwardan, bar f>a kardan, bar-ddsMan, bar
dosh girifian, bar Jcashidan) , To set up the
standard, hoist the flag, take the field ; —
'alam hurdan (bastan), To set up the stan-
dard ; — 'alami turbat (zar-kh.uk), A sign
erected on a tomb; — 'alami chihil roz (sabdh),
The leavening of the clay of which Adam was
formed ; — 'alam zadan, To set up the stan-
dard ; — 'alum shudan, To be illustrious, to
excel; — 'alami roz, Break of day ; the sun ;
— 'alami subh, False or true dawn ; — 'alami
'id, A flag used in celebrating a feast ; —
'alami hi'indi, The sky ; — 'alam Jcashldan,
To draw.unsheath, unfurl ; — 'alami mdtam,
A flag borue in a funeral procession; —
'alam namiidan, To prepare, unfurl ; — 'alami
humdyfm, The imperial standard ; — 'alarn-
hdyi roz, The true dawn ; the false dawn ;
the morning star; the sun; — mlri 'alam,
The prefect of the standard, i.e., the gover-
nor of a small territory.

A oUlc 'alma' (fem. of a'lam), One with a
fissure in the lip; slit (lip) ; armour, mail;
a woman's shift ; (for 'alt l-ma) upon the
water; — 'ulamii (pi. of 'alim), Learned
men ; scholars, doctors, theologians.

a sU—N^lc 'allania'1-asmu, He (God)
taught (him, i.e. Adam) the names (of all
things), allusion to Koran ii. 29 ; — 'allama'l-
asmd-beg, The Lord name-giver, Adam.

a j\i ^ 'alam-baz, One who during a
battle or on festive occasions plays with a
flag or standard, waving it and throwing
it into the air, to catch it up again, &c.

a <J^*. *lc 'alani-balchsh, Prize-money
given to soldiers who have fought under the
same colours.

a jtajj ^ 'alatn-barddr, A standard
bearer.

a y^jir+li! 'ihn-khwdn, Studious ; a
student.

a j\±4i* 'alam-ddr, A standard-bearer.
a 'ilm-ddn, Learned, wise ; a

scholar.

a ij+l^ 'ilmi, Scientific, theoretic; doc-
trinal.

a JL^U- 'Umiyat, Learning, scholarship.
a ^ 'alan (v.n.), Becoming published,
divulged.

a jlc 'alw, 'ulvj, Hlw, Upper or better part
(of anything) ; — 'uluw (v.n. of Being
high, lofty, sublime, lifted up ; being
high in rank ; behaving proudly ; ascending,
mounting ; conquering, overcoming, van-
quishing ; eminence, height, sublimity ; —
'uluwi shan u sutii', Height of dignity and
exaltation.

a tAjlfc 'ulv)tin (v.n. of cyk), Prefacing
or writing a title-page to a book.

a ^Le 'alu-rutbat, Of high dignity,
exalted rank ; high station.

a tj-^jlc 'ulila, A thing, somewhat (eatable).

A ulA^Ic 'alUfdt (pi. of the following),
Provisions, &c.

a Aijlc 'alufa, Provender for a horse ;
stipend, salary, pension, soldier's pay, sub-
sistence-money ; rations, daily pay.

a o**?^ 'alu/ajl, A stipendiary.

a 'alufa-hd, Provisions, &e.

A ji/e 'aliiq, Death ; a demon of the
woods ; hardship, calamity ; what a camel
eats, especially cropping the tender foliages
and branches of trees ; a tree eaten by
she-camels ten months gone with youug;
anything hanging about a man ; a she-
camel suckling another's colt, thinking it
her own ; a woman who suckles another's
child, a wet-nurse ; a woman liking none
but her own husband ; a she-camel not
liking the male, or not keeping close to her
colt ; — 'uliiq (v.n. of ij^-), Hanging on ;
being inclined to, having affection for.

a 'ulum (pi. of Him), Sciences; —
'ulumu H-mvia'arifat, Axioms, common say-
ings ; — 'ulumi 'aqllya u nac/Uya u riydzlya.
Speculative, practical, and mathematical
sciences; — 'ulum u funwn, Arts and sciences ;
jawdmi'u 'l-'ulum, An encyclopedia.

a, (jjl^ 'alwwl, A descendant of Ali ; —
'ulwt, Native of the upper parts of Arabia
called 'uliyat ; high, sublime ;—jaivdhiri
'ulwlya, The gems above, i.e. the stars.

a. (jjbjlc 'alaiviydn. Princes, lords (de-
scendants of Ali) ; — 'nlwiydn (pi. of 'ulwl),
(met.) Angels, planets.

A Ajjlc 'ulwiyat, Sublimity.

a Ale 'alah (v.n.), Being astonished,
amazed ; running to and fro in terror ;
falling under a reproof ; being drunk or
crop- sick ; being hungry, starving ; obey-
ing cheerfully the reins (horse) ; applying
diligently.

a 'aid, Above, upon, over ; on ; in
addition to ; before ; towards ; against,
opposite; alongside; to; according to; of;

( 865 )

for ; on account of, in consideration of ;
although, notwithstanding; in; from; by;
['aid 'l-ittisdl, Connectedly, continually,
without interruption ; — 'aid 'l-asar {'aid
asar), Instantly; — 'aid 'l-ijmdl, Jointly,
conjointly ; — 'old ' l-istiqdmat, Intermi-
nately, ever so far ; — 'aid 'l-istimrdr,
Continually, incessantly ; — 'aid 'l-itldq,
Absolutely, universally ; — 'aid 'l-infirdd,
Separately ; — 'aid 'i-tahqiq, Certainly, surely,
in truth ; — 'aid 't-ta'jll, Hastily ; — 'aid
't-tasalsul, Consecutively ; — 'aid 't-tafsU,
Prolixly, diffusedly, at full length, in de-
tail ; — 'aid 't-tanazur, According to its kind
or likeness ; — 'aid 't-tavjdli. Successively ; —
'aid 't-tawakkul, On trust ; in faith ; in
blind confidence; at hap-hazard; — 'ald'l-
khusus, Especially, particularly ; precisely ;
— 'aid 'd-dawdm, Continually, perpetually,
always 'aid 'r-rds wa 'Wain, On the head
and eye, i.e. willingly, cheerfully; — 'aid V-
ruffim, Against one's will, in spite of; —
'aid 's-sahar, About dawn, towards day-
break ; — 'aid 'e-sawlya, Equally, in a similar
manner ; — 'aid 's-sabah, In the morning ; —
'aid 'l~ddat, According to custom ; — 'aid 'l-
'amiim, Commonly, generally; in general ;
vulgarly; — 'aid 'l-'amyd', Blindly, like a
blind man ; — 'aid 'l-gjiajla, Rashly, impru-
dently, inconsiderately ; — 'aid 'l-fawr, Sud-
denly, immediately ; — 'aid 'l-musannif, (it
lies) upon the author (to prove) ; — 'aid an,
On condition that ; seeing that ; although,
notwithstanding ; — 'aid aiyi hdl-in, In every
manner ; howsoever that may be ; — 'aid bdbi
'l-ldh, Carelessly, slightly ; — 'aid taqdlri 'z-
zarar, In case of damage or loss ; — 'aid taq-
dlri'l-wuqu', In case it happens ; — 'ala hasbi
tartib, In order, regularly ; — 'ala hasbi ma-
rdtibi-him wa tartibi mandsibi-him, Accord-
ing to their rank and dignity ; — 'aid ru'mi
'l-aqran, Above the heads of his equals ; — •
'aid tarlqi 'aksi 'l-qaziyat, On the contrary ;
— 'aid 'ahdi-hi, (It happened) in his time ; — ■
'aid fauq, Upwards; — 'aid qadri 't-tdqat,
According to one's strength or power ; — 'aid,
kulli shaHin qadir-im, Omnipotent ; — 'aid
ma, Wherefore ? — 'aid mururi 'sh-shuhtlr
iva 'l-a'ivdm, In the course of months and
years ; — 'aid wajhi 't-tafsil, Prolixly ; dif-
fusedly ; in detail ; — 'aid wajhi 'l-'umum.,
All, universally ; — 'aid waqji 'l-mwrdd, At
pleasure, ad libitum ; — 'aid wild, Conse-
quently ; — 'aid hdzd 't-taqdir, In this case ;
— 'aid hdzd 'l-qiyds, In this measure, in the
same manner ; similarly ; and the like, &c.
(m.c.) ; — 'aid yad, By the hand of ; — 'alai-
hi 'r-rahma, On him (be) the mercy (of
God) ; — U 'alaika, To me upon or against
thee, i.e. thou owest me; — min 'aid, From
above;] — 'all, High, eminent, noble, sub-
lime ; strong, powerful ; name of the son-
in-law and fourth successor of Muhammad ;
['aliyu 'l-qadr wa jaliyu' s-sadr, Eminent in

power and exalted in dignity ;] — 'via, 'i%>
Height, eminence, dignity.

a VJc 'ulya (fern, of a'ld), More or most
high, eminent; upper ;—'alyd', Heaven;
the summit of a mountain ; a high place ;
anything elevated ; momentous.

a MM "ald'l-ldh (for tawakkul 'ald'l-
lah il trust in Q-od "), Lamentation, cry for
help (construed with bar-dmadan, bar falaik
rasdndan, eadan, <&c).

a *t| ^^jlc 'ali-band, (Ali's tie) An amulet
or charm against sorceries ; an ornament,
a jewel.

a 'aliyat, Descent from, or the de-
scendants of 'AH ; — 'illiyat, 'uUiyai, An
upper room ; loft ; the raised apartments
of paradise.

a ti-ile 'alis, Wheat mixed with barley.

a ^^teslis 'ald-hidagi, The state of being
separate, separation, severalty.

a n-iotoLc 'ald-hida, Separately, distinct,
apart.

a ._$*le 'allq, Parchment ; barley or clover
given to a horse ; — 'ulaiq, 'ullaiq, Name of
a certain tree, from the leaves of which a
composition is prepared for tinging the
nails or hair ,* dodder.

a t 'ali-qapAlifThe Sublime Porte.

a 'allqat, 'allqa, Affection, attach-
ment, intercourse, commerce, conversation.

a t (3^*^* ij^ 'ali qalchmdq (?), Name of
a very depraved man.

A usM 0 'alaika, Above, on, or to thee ; —
'alaika guftan, To return one's salam.

a W 0 ie 'all kald, Name of a holy man.

a JJjs 'alii, Weak, sick, indisposed, ail-
ing, infirm.

a 'alfm, Wise, learned ; conversant
with every subject ; one of the names of
God ; — 'ald-ma, Wherefore ? why ? — 'ulaim,
Name of a man.

a yj*!' 'illlyun, High, sublime; the upper
apartments of heaven ; a place in the
seventh heaven, where the records of men's
actions are laid up ; the books themselves.

a «s*lc 'alaihi, Upon, against, with him (or
it) ; — 'alai-hi 's-saldm,, Peace be upon him !
(formula of reverence added after the name
of any prophet and enlarged upon in
various ways after that of Muhammad).

a (^<«lc Hlliyln (obi. of 'UUyun), High,
sublime, &c.

a f>* 'am (for 'alaihi' s-ealdm), On him be
peace! — 'amm, A father's brother, a paternal
uncle ; a crowd of men ; tall ; — 'amm, 'umm,
Tall palm-trees; — 'amma (for 'am ma), Of
what? concerning what? for what reason ?

a »Uc 'ama', Deviation, aberration, loss
of the way ; contention, litigation ; a cloud,
high, dense, rainy, thin; a black or white
cloud ; a cloud which has shed rain ; blind-
ness ; — 'amd'i jibillt, Natural blindness,
blindness from birth.

a jUi 'imdd, A house ; a column, pillar,

tent-pole ; a stay, prop, support ; con-
fidence, reliance, trust ; a pronoun as
copula between a subject and predicate;
(pi. of Hmadat) lofty buildings ; — 'imadu 'd-
daulat, A proper name ; — 'imadu 'd-dln, The
pillar of religion, i.e. the Qur'an; — irami
g&tu 'l-'imdd, Iram (Shaddad's paradise)
with lofty pillars ; — ahlu 'imdd, People who
dwell in (lofty) tents.

a AjjUc 'amddiya, A kind of silken stuff
(doubtful word).

a 'amdr, A myrtle ; a laurel; name of
the inventor of the litter 'imdri ; the litter
itself ; the saddle and housings of a
horse \—'am,mdr, Frequent in prayer and
fasting ; strong in faith ; firm, steady (in
business) • mild, grave in word and deed ;
one who regulates his household according
to the precepts of Muhammad ; a builder,
cultivator ; name of a man ; — 'ummdr, The
inhabitants of a house ; visitors.

a tc^Wc 'imdrat (pi. of the following),
Buildings, &c. ; — 'imdrati yailaqi, Summer-
residences (m.c).

a SjUc 'amdrai (v.n. of j**), Enduring;
living long ; any covering for the head ; a
small tribe, or part of a tribe ; — 'imdrat
(v.n. of j**), Cultivating, rendering habit-
able ; habitation ; building, edifice, struc-
ture ; a palace ; a Bacred fabric, mosque,
church, seminary, college, academy; a for-
tification; — 'imdrati billur, Crystal palace
(m.c.) ; — 'imdrati tuwilari, Palace of the
Tuileries (m.c.) ; — 'imdrati luwar, Palace of
the Louvre (m.c.) ; — 'imdrati yailaqi, A
summer residence, a villa (m.c).

a f.j* hpjWc 'imdrat-pazir, Cultivated,
prosperous.

a M~*j>, i^jUc Hmdrat-parast, Fond of
building, of erecting edifices, Ac.

a jSjijjUc 'imdratgar, A builder.

a < _ s; £s.-)Ue 'imdratgarl, Edification, build-
ing.

a (jJ;^ 'imdrati, Of or relating to build-
ing, &c. ; — 'imdrati-gaz, A mason's rule.

a,^^ 'imari, A canopied elephant-
litter.

a ^ is}** 'imdrl-ddr, Having a canopied
litter on its back (an elephant).

a tSj^ 5 'imdri-lcash, Carrying litters
(camels) ; a camel-driver.

a u-Ue 'amds, A furious battle ; dull,
dark (day or night) ; perplexed (business).

A JUjs 'ummdl (pi. of 'dmil), Artificers,
artisans, workmen ; agents ; tax-gatherers ;
governors, rulers ; notables.

A SflUc 'amdliqat, ^Js 3 ^ 'amallq, Amalek-
ites.

a &*Uc Hmdmat, 'imdma, A turban ; a
head-dress worn by judges ; a. tiara, crown ;
a helmet, or a cap worn under it ; the snake
of a hooka.

a ,jV)l a-We ' imdma- dray, (met.) An il-
lustrious or learned person.

( 866 ) ^

a CjU* 'umdn, The southern coast of
Arabia, extending from Maskat to Aden,
from the entrance into the Persian

i.e.

Gulf to the Straits of Babelmandeb ; name
of a town in Tainan ; — 'ammdn, Name of a
town in Syria.

a /Uc 'amd'ir (pi. of 'amdrai), Tribes or
parts of tribes ; (pi. of imdrat) public
buildings.

a f*?ue 'amd'im (pi. of 'imatnat), Tur-
bans, <fcc. ; scattered bodies or herds ; —
arbdbi 'ama'im, Judges, ecclesiastics (as
wearing large turbans).

a 5** <amj (v.n.), Making haste, tra-
velling fast; swimming; — 'ivmuj ('amaj?),
'ummaj, A serpent, snake.

a J*c 'amd (v.n,), Intending, proposing ;
erecting a pillar ; propping up by pillars,
supporting ; rendering thin, emaciating ;
grieving, making sad ; weighing (a man)
down (debt) ; breaking the constitution
(illness, &c.) ; striking with a mace ; striking
on the back or on the belly ; resolution, re-
solve, purpose, design, intention ; [bi-ld
'amd-in. Unintentionally, unwittingly ;] —
'amad (v.n.), Being wet with rain (ground) ;
being angry ; cleaving, sticking close to ;
having the inside of the bunch crushed and
injured from riding (a camel) ; a raft; any
bodily swelling, wound, or sickness; —
'amad, 'umud (pi. of 'amud), Columns, pil-
lars ; — 'amid, (A camel) hurt inside the
hump ; moist ground.

a n^*c 'amd-an, Purposely, intentionally,
with malice prepense.

a t)\j*e 'umddn, The bearer of a message
to an army.

a 'umdagi, Greatness, dignity, ex-

cellence, worth ; sumptuousness.

a S.ue 'umdat, 'wrnda, A support, pillar,
prop ; whatever is trusted or confided in ;
the bearer of a message to an army ; great,
rich, consequential ; a minister, high official,
&c. ; — 'umdatu 'l-khdss (Jchawdss), A prime
minister;— 'umdatu 'l-mulk, Pillar of the
state (a title conferred on high officials).

a j** 'amr (v.n.), Preserving; living long ;
visiting ; faith, religion ; — 'amr, 'umr, The
gums ; — 'amr, 'umr, 'umur, Life, life-time,
age ; construed with the verbs afshdndam,,
tamdm shudan, raftan, mnjidan, ehudan,
&c. ; \_'umri abad, Eternal life ; — 'umri dirdz,
A long life ; — 'umri f aziz (girdni), Precious
life ; — 'umri farsd, Perishable life ; — 'umr
Jcardan, To live ;] — 'umr, A mosque, a place
of worship, a church ; — 'amar, A kerchief
with which a free-born or noble woman
covers her head ; name of a mountain which
provides Mecca with water ; — 'umar, Name
of the Second successor of Muhammad ; a
proper name ; (pi. of 'umrai) visitation to
Mecca, &c.

a 'umr-an, In all his life, never.

a oV* 'imrdn, Name of the father of

yS> ( 867 )

Moses ; also of the father of the Virgin
Mary ; also of the father of Abu Talib ; —
'amrani (du.) , Two bits of flesh suspended
over the uvula ; the two ends of the sleeves ;
— 'umardni, The two 'Ulnars, i.e. Abu. Bakr
and 'Umar, the first two caliphs ; or 'Umar
the second caliph, and 'Umar bin 'Abdi '1-
'azlz.

a 'amrat, Any covering for the head,
as a crown, tiara, turban, or cap ; — 'umrat,
'umra, The sacred visitation of Mecca, the
lesser pilgrimage ; the cohabiting with a
woman in. the house of her parents or
kindred.

a 3^4 T*° 'wnir-parddz, Life-consuming ;
hostile to life.

'amrud, Parsley.

a j+b 'umr-raslda, Advanced in

years.

a J** y*^ 'umr-qaid, Imprisonment for
life.

a 'wmr-qaidi, Prisoner for life.

a v£ y*& 'umr-kdh, Life-consuming.

A^*« 'arn.ru (pronounced 'amr, the ^
being employed solely to distinguish this
word from 'umar, Omar), A proper name.

a J)?** 'umrwar, Advanced in years, aged ;
— 'umrwar thudan, To grow old; to draw
towards a close (life).

a 'umra, see A. 8^** .

a 4l5\ Sj*c 'ammarahu 'llak, God grant him
a long life !

a 'umre, A life-time, an age, long
space of time.

a Mj ffi- 'am-zada, An uncle's son.

a (j**** 'arris (v.n.), Being erased (any
writing); concealing, hiding; feigning dul-
ness or ignorance ; a cruel war ; a perplexed
business ; — 'urns, 'umus, Dark nights ; —
'amat (v.n.), Being dull, cloudy (day).

A (j£*** 'amsh, An undesigned blow ; a
convenient, proper, becoming thing ; —
'amaeh (v.n.), Making a suitable impres-
sion (an exhortation) ; recovering from
sickness ; being weak-sighted ; weakness of
sight, a defluxion in the eyes.

A 'wms, A kind of food ; — 'amis,
Fond of acids.

A t>*c 'amq, 'umq, A widely-extended
desert ; unripe dates laid in the sun. to be
dried ; — 'amq, 'umq, 'umuq, Depth or bot-
tom of a well; — 'umq, Being deep, pro-
fundity ; — 'amaq, A right, due, claim ; —
'umuq, 'imaq, Deep (wells).

a, Lt~9&»x 'umqiyat, Depth.

A J*^ 'amal (v.n.), Working; doing,
making, operating, putting in practice ;
continuing, lasting (lightning) ; governing
(in grammar) ; action, operation, work ;
servile work ; practice (opp. to theory) ;
effect ; rule, dominion ; a tract, country ;
collection of revenue ; confiscation ; trouble,
vexation ; ['amal-amadan, To be produced,
bred, reared (m.c.) ; — 'amali jarrdhi, A sur-

gical operation ; — •'amali sJiamsl u qamari,
The making of gold and silver (in the par-
lance of alchemists) ; — 'amali idlih, A. good
action ; — 'amali qirtas, Creation of paper-
money (m.c.) ; — 'amal hardan (namudan) ,
To do, work, act, practice; — 'amali gesu,
A musical tone ; — 'amali ma'mul, Ancient
usage ; — 'amali yadi, Manual work or drill
(m.c). The word is also construed with
bar-kandan, dddan, &c. ;] — 'amil, Fit for
work, business, or action ; long-continued
(lightning) ; an official, a revenue-officer.

a 'amal-an, In very deed, truly, in
earnest.

a 'imldq, Amalek.

a Sue 'amlat, Theft ; deceit, perfidy ; — ■
'umlat, "Wages, workmen's wages ; — 'amitat,
Active, brisk (she-camel) ; work. See also
a aU* below.)

'amlaj, A kind of winter-melon.

a usA^Juc 'amalajat (pi. of 'amala), Ar-
tificers, workmen ; — 'amalajati kashti, A
ship's crew (m.c).

a *iU. J*e 'amal-&hdna, Government-
house, court, town hall ; a workshop.

a.j\jJU* 'amal-dar, One in command; a
tax-gatherer ; (in India) a native collector
of revenue.

a ^JiUc 'amal-ddri, Administration,
government, rule, sway ; lordship ; limits
of jurisdiction ; the district governed, a
collectorship.

a J*c 'amal dar-amad, A proceed-

ing, a process.

a <«XL.«j J*c 'amal-da»tak, A warrant, a
writ ; a deed of conveyance ; a certificate
of title.

a jtjt J*e 'amal-tirdz, Who undertakes a
work, an operator.

a J*e 'amal-sanad, = «ai~.o J*c q.v.

a 'amalagdn (P. pi. of 'amala),

Officials, clerks, managers.

a J*c 'amahguzdr, A (native) col-
lector of revenue.

a J** 'amal-ndma, A lease, title-deed ;
a warrant, a power of attorney.

a iU* 'amla, A thing done; premises,
buildings ; materials (of a delapidated
house) ; — Hmla, Operation ; produce of
work ; a mode or manner of work ; — 'amala
(pi. of 'dmit), Workers, operators, execu-
tors ; public officers, officials, function-
aries ; establishment of an office ; (used
also as a sing.) an official, a clerk ; — 'amala'i
ihtisdb, Policemen (m.c.) j — 'amala'i khalwat.
Household officers (of the Shah's court,
m.c); — 'amala'i Tcaskti, A ship's crew.

a is*W <iLfcc 'amala-jdt (pi. of 'amala), Ar-
tificers, labourers (m.c).

a ij*** 'amali, Practical (in opposition to
theoretical) ; laboured, artificial, wrought j
forged ; — hikmati 'amali, Practical philo-
sophy.

a £#Lc 'amaliyat, Practice.

A 'imliq, Amalek.

A f>+* 'amam, Complete, perfect (body) ;
universal ; bigness, size, bulk ; (pi. of 'ani-
mal) the commons, the vulgar, plebeians ;
— 'umum, A perfect stature of body ; (pi. of
'amim) complete, general, common (things).

a 'amn (v.n.), Staying (in one

place) ; — 'umun, Tarriers, abiders in one
place ; — 'amman (for 'an man), Prom him
who.

a j*c 'amw (v.n.), Being humble and
submissive; humility, submissiveness ; de-
viation, aberration, error; — 'ammit, A pater-
nal uncle.

a u-A)** 'amwas, Emmaus, in Palestine.
a J5y»i 'amiij, (An arrow) flying aside ; a
swimmer.

a 'amud, A column, pillar, post,

prop ; a staff, cudgel, club, mace ; a pole ;
a chief, great man ; a vein conveying
moisture to the liver ; a vein extending
from the breast-bone to a little below the
navel ; membrum virile ; that part of a
spear which lies between the two shanks of
the iron head ; a perpendicular ; gloomy,
sad (man) ; the legs of an ostrich ;—'amu-
du 's-subh, The spreading light of the dawn ;
a morning beam ; — 'amudi charmi, The .
penis of an animal ; — -'amudi rakhsk, The
yard of a horse; — Jchati 'amud, A perpen-
dicular line.

a 'amud-an, Perpendicularly.

a ^jW <>y*^ 'amud-bazi, Playing or fight-
ing with clubs, cudgelling.

A t>j)+2 'amura, The city of Gomorrha.

a ^.j)*^ 'amuriya, Name of a city.

A o*)** 'amw*, Obscure ; perplexed (busi-
ness) ; one who goes in darkness or uncer-
tainty ; a fierce lion ; — 'umue (v.n. of <j-+*),
Being heavy, dark (day).

A Jj** 'amid, Fit for work, business, or
action.

a 'umum (v.n. of Being common,
universal, embracing all ; common, general,
universal.

a °Uj*c 'umum-an, Commonly, vulgarly.

a 'umiimat, Relationship of a pa-

ternal uncle ; (pi. of 'amm), paternal uncles.

A if)** 'nrnttmi, fem. 'umiimiyat,
'umumtya, Common, universal; — 'umiimiyat.
Generality, universality.

A 'umuh, ifej+c 'umuhat, and —

a A»e 'amh (v.n.), Being astonished, dis-
tracted, wandering ; — 'amah, Astonishment,
bewilderment ; aberration, perplexity ; irre-
solution ; — 'amik. Astonished, perplexed ;—
'amma, Aunt (see A. &**); — 'ummah (pi. of
'dmih), Astonished, puzzled.

a 'amy (v.n.), Casting up rubbish
(water) ; running, flowing ; — 'umy (pi. of
a' ma), Blind ; — 'amd (v.n.), Being blind or
ignorant ; being dark, obscure ; blindness ;
— 'ami, Blind, ignorant ; — 'ummi, Common,
plebeian (man).

( 868 )

A 'amyd' (fem. of a'md), Blind.

a (jW** 'umy an (pi. of a'md), Blind.

a i*^c 'ummiyat, 'vmmly at, Pride; igno-
rance ; blind bigotry, ignorant pertinacity.

a 'amid, A chief, a great man ; love-
sick ; (in P.) a house or place in which
one is forced to take refuge.

a 'amir, Cultivated, inhabited.

a t-iV) (j+c 'ami-zada, A cousin, uncle's
son.

a 'amis, Obscure, intricate (busi-

ness) ; — 'umais, Name of a man.

A 'amiq, Deep, profound (well) ;

distant, long, widely extensive; a gulf.

a pt+B 'amim, Pull, complete, perfect ;
abundant, numerous; common, extending
to all, comprehensive, universal ; the supe-
rior rank, better sort of men ; dry pro-
vender (especially the plant buhmd) ; —
'amimu 'l-ihmn, Benevolent or beneficent
to all; — 'amimu 'Ubarakdt, Dispensing uni-
versal blessings ; — 'amimu 'n-naf, Advan-
tageous for everybody, of general usefulness.

A 'an, Off; from; out of; through;
by ; with ; concerning, on account of, for ;
above, on ; before ; instead or in exchange
of ; according to ; on the authority of ;
['an baiyinaUin, After a clear demonstra-
tion ; — 'an dubur-in, After one's decease ; —
'an qarib-in (qaribi 'z-zamdn), In a little
time, soon, shortly, immediately ; — 'an
qasd-in, Designedly, on purpose ;] — 'ann
(v.n.), Pulling in a horse (with the reins) ;
putting a title or inscription to a book ;
appearing before the eyes, presenting it-
self ; — 'unn, Name of a tribe ; also of a
place.

A bLu 'and' (v.n. of ^c), Being detained
(a captive) ; being fatigued ; f.itigue, weari-
ness ; care, trouble, affliction, distress; —
ranju'and', Labour and affliction; — ma-
qarri 'ana', The house of sorrow.

A s->^ 'anndb, A vendor of grapes ; —
'unnab, A jujube-tree and fruit ; (met.)
the lip of a mistress ; — 'unndbi tar, The
finger of a mistress.

A 'inabat, 'andbat, Intending ; being
engrossed with.

a i^>L£ 'unnab-rang, Of jujube colour.

a yfi sj^ c 'unndb-gim, Of jujube colour.

a 'unndbi, Of the colour of the

jujube, red ; of a carnation-colour.

a eUc 'indj, A rope passed round the
bottom of a large bucket and fastened to
the cross bars at the top ; an affair, busi-
ness ; a pain in the loins.

a ->Uis 'inad (v.n. 3 of ±uz), Declining,
receding, departing ; being contumacious ;
obstinacy, perverseness, rebellion.

a Hndd-an, Obstinately, perversely.

A 'ancidil (pi. of 'andalib), Nightin-

gales.

A 'andsir (pi. of 'unsur), The ele-
ments.

( 869 )

a jUc 'anaq, A female kid ; a calamity ;
misfortune ; a troublesome business, diffi-
cult work ; disappointment, failure ; the
middle star in the Great Bear ; two years'
tithes ; the lynx ; name of several places ;
— 'indq (v.n. 3 of (J-" 5 ), Embracing, bug-
ging'

a -ViUe •anaqld (pi. of 'inqdd, 'unqild),
Clusters of grapes.

a gjlte 'andn (pi. of 'andnat), Clouds; —
'indn (v.n. S of ^j*), Opposing, resisting ; a
rein, a bridle ; partnership in commercial
transactions ; the environs (of a bouse) ;
a conspicuous part of the heavens ; an
artery in the back ; ['indni amal sabuk
shtidan, To despond, despair ; — 'inani amal
sabuk kardan, To deprive of hope, to
cause to despair ; — 'indn has kashidan, To
proceed slowly, to act cautiously; to de-
sist, to stop ; — 'indn ba-asp sipurdan, To
slacken the reins, to allow the borse to
go at will ; — 'indn bd 'indn nikddan, To
go at equal pace, to join hands in. any
matter ; — 'indn bar sitdra sudan, To reach
the highest station, to attain to the pin-
nacle of greatness ; — 'indn bar sari asp
bar dan, To prepare for riding; — 'man bar
'indn raftan, To go at equal pace, to join
hands ; — 'indn taz kardan, To ride on horse-
back ; — 'indn taftan, To be weak ; to turn
away the face ; — 'indn tez kardan, To go
at full speed ;^-'indn tslu/iash, Icardan, To
urge the horse on ; — 'indn dddan, To direct
the reins towards (ba or sii'i); To attack, to
proceed with swiftness; — 'indn dar 'inani
atman sd'idan, To reach the zenith of
greatneBS ; — 'indn dar 'indn dwardan {raf-
tan), To go at equal pace, to meet, to join
hands ; — 'indn duzdidan (duzdi Jcardan), To
remain behind, become dispirited ; to re-
turn ; — Hndn-damdn raftan, To go at full
speed; — 'indn rahd kardan, To attack at
full gallop, to hasten towards; — 'inan-res
kardan, To relax the reins, ride full gallop ;
— 'indn zadan, To seize the reins ; — 'indn-
zanan raftan, To go at full speed ; — -'indn
taluk shudan, To travel ; — 'indn sabuk Icar-
dan, To proceed gently ; to take time to
consider ; — 'inani sawdr par-dum buviad,
The rider takes to flight ; — 'indn faro girif-
tan, To set about anything leisurely ; — 'indn
kardan, To turn the reins towards (ba or
t&'i) ; — 'indn gird kardan, To gather the
reins ; — 'indn giriftan, To set about any-
thing leisurely; — 'indn wd-zadan, To turn
the reins, to turn away from ; — 'indn yak-
rikdbi bar-angejditan. To join closely in an
attack ; — bdd-'indn, Swift as the wind ; — dar
'indn budan (raftan), Be be in attendance
(on a great man on horseback) ;] — 'anndn,
Slow dilatory.

a ^i*J\\jlus 'inand'l-matn, Two veins in
the back.

A ufclULc 'undndka, Your object or effort.

a ©U* j» cjUc 'indn bar Hnm, Equal ;

equality. ,
a cjUc 'indn-pech, Handling the bridle

or reins well.

a yUc 'indn-peehlda, Contuma-

cious, disobedient, headstrong.

a iilic 'andnat, Disinclination to women,
arising from impotency or fascination ; a
cloud ; a cloud pregnant with rain.

a cjUc Hndn-tdb, A horse merely
governed by the bridle ; — 'indn-tdb thudan,
To mount on horse-back.

a (jUc 'indn-figanda, Swift, active,
agile.

a (jS^ cjUc 'indn- leash, Pulling the reins.

a — S yUu 'indn-gusasta, "With loose
reins, at full gallop.

a ^ cjUc Hndn-gir, Who seizes another's
rein ; who stops one's progress.

a g*Uc 'undhij, Long, tall.

A cwVjUe 'indydt (pi. of the following),
Favours, &c.

a &Lus 'anayat, 'indyat (v.n. of 4^),
Meaning, signifying, intending (somewhat
by one's words) ; bestowing pains upon ;
happening, occurring; agreeing with one
(food) ; guarding, preserving ; solicitude,
anxiety, care; assistance, aid, favour; a
gift, present, bounty ;—'indyati ilahl, Divine
favour; — 'indyat kardan, To aid, succour,
favour.

a oibji Hndyat-ndma, A certificate
or a grant in writing ; a deed of exemption.

a indyatl, Bestowed ; favoured.

a s-ac 'inab, The grape, grapes ; wine ;—
'inabu's-sa'lab, Fox grapes, nightshade.

a jjji 'ambar, Ambergris, a rich perfume,
said to be the excrement of a marine
animal ; according to others bees-wax car-
ried by the torrents into the sea, where it
is swallowed by fish, and thrown out by
them in a solid form, sometimes including
bees, and melting in the fire like wax ; per-
fume; saffron \— 'ambari arzdn (larzdn),
The musky ringlets of the Prophet ; — 'am-
bari ashhab, White or pale ambergris;—
'ambar ba-niusk amekhtan, To mix perfumes;
— 'ambari tar, The ringlets of a mistress ;
a mole on the face ; night ; — 'ambari lab,
The down of a youth.

a ^S\j?jji 'ambar-dgin, Full of amber.

a jfl ''atnbar-dlud, Imbued with

amber.

a jW 'ambar-bdr, Odoriferous, fra-
grant.

a y*i£. 'ambar-bdris, Barberis.
a ^ j~Jt 'ambar-boy, Smelling of am-
bergris.

a J^j> 'anibar-posh, Covered with

amber.

a ' ambar cha, c)W j*** 'ambar-ddn,

yL-j-Ac 'ambaristdn, A place abounding
in amber; an ornament for the ueok full
of amber ; a smelling-bottle.

a s-flj-i y*i* 'anibar-zawd'ib, With amber
locks.

a jt. j+Ac 'aiphar-sor (ljU. sarai), Full of
amber ; name of a place whence the finest
amber comes.

a)y+ 'arpbarsoz, Amber-consuming.

a (A* j*>* 'arnbar-fdm, Of the colour of
amber.

a (jy*^ 'ambari, A kind of apple ; a kind
of melon ; also —

a (^^tc 'ambarin, Of ambergris ; of the
colour or odour of ambergris ; — 'ambarin-
mrnbul, The locks of a mistress.

a <^ft*z 'arnbarma, A perfume com-
pounded of ambergris, musk, and wood of
aloes ; a woman's ornament for the neck,
full of amber.

4*ac 'arnba, Name of an Indian tree.

a 'indbl, Of or referring to grapes,
wine, &c. ; — -parda'i 'inabi, and —

a 'vndblya, Hnabiya, The iris of the
eye.

A uat 'anat (v.n.), Being liable to offend ;
being vicious and corrupt; falling into
misfortune or difficulty from which a man
cannot extricate himself ; a fault, crime ;
corruption, depravity ; ruin, destruction ;
fornication, adultery.

A fit 'antar, 'untar, A gad-fly, horse-fly ;
name of a man.

A ijxxa 'antarat, 'antara, Making a buzzing
noise (flies) ; encountering with intrepidity
the dangers of war ; piercing with a spear ;
name of a celebrated Arabian poet, author
of one of the seven mu'allaqdt.

a jrie 'anj (v.n.), Training, exercising (a
camel), by bringing the halter back to his
forelegs j — 'anaj, The training of a camel ;
an old man.

a 'anjad, 'unjad, 'unjud, A bad sort
of dried grape.

'unja, A collection ; mixing, knead-
ing.

a Jtus 'and, Hnd, 'und, A side, part,
quarter ; — 'anda, 'inda (adv. of time and
place), Near, nigh, with, before, about, in,
according to ; — 'inda 'l-iftisdr, On or during
interrogation ; upon inquiry or investi-
gation; — 'inda'l-ba'z. According to some;
— 'inda 't-tajwis, Under consideration, pend-
ing trial, before the court ; — inda 'i-tahqiq,
Of a truth, certainly ; — 'inda 't-taddruh,
At the time of applying a remedy ; on
the disposing of the case ; — 'inda 's-subut,
On proof, on conviction ; — 'inda 'l-khdla'iq.
In the estimation of men ; — 'inda 'z-zarurat,
In time of need, on occasion of necessity ;
— 'inda 't-talab, On demand ; — 'inda'l 'dqi-
bat, At length, finally; — 'inda 'l-fursat,
Opportunely ; at your leisure ; — 'inda 'l-
lah, With or before God ; for God ; — 'inda
'l^wusul, On the arrival, when it happens,
in such an event ; — 'inda 'l-waqt, In time,
at the critical juncture j — 'inda 'l-wuqu',

( 870 ) ^

On the occurrence of the event, in such an

event, eventually ; — 'inda zdlika, Then, at
the same moment ; — 'inda-hu, With him,
in his possession ; — 'inda-ma, In the mean-
while ; — 'indi, With me, i.e. to my notion,
in my opinioti.

a J>iac 'andal, A long or tall camel.

a s->l>v.;x 'andaltb, A nightingale.

a <aW.uc 'andaUbak (dim. of the pre-
ceding), A little nightingale.

a 'andam, Dragons' blood ; Brazil-
wood.

a uubjoc Hndiydi, Assertions of mere
opinion, opinions ; absurdities, fables, fic-
tions.

a Hndiya (from 'indl q.v, sub au»),
An assertion of a mere opinion, a private
opinion.

a 'anz (v.n.), Declining, turning away
the face from ; piercing with a small spear
Cananat) ; a she- goat, doe, gazelle ; a female
eagle, vulture, or bustard ; name of a horse,
woman, and sword ; name of a tribe of
Hawazin.

a iy-z 'anazat, A short spear with an iron
ferrule at bottom.

a ui^yx 'anmrut (for P. u^jyyt <!■▼•)> A
Persian gum or balsam ; flesh-glue.

A i_r~ie 'ans (v.n.), Bending (a stick) ; a
strong she-camel with a long tail ; an eagle ;
name of a tribe in Yaman.

a (J-ac 'ansh (v.n.), Bending ; disturbing,
frightening ; driving vehemently ; uproot-
ing, displacing, separating.

a y^s- 'unsur, 'unsar, An element ; a foun-
dation ; root, origin, principle ; misfortune,
calamity ; aim, design, purpose ; necessity,
need, want.

a ijy^ 'unsitri, Elementary, elemental.

a J-u-e 'unsal, 'unsul, A sea-leek ; a wild
onion, a squill.

a &jue 'an'anat, 'an'ana, Change of
hamxa into 'win ; (in P.) translation of a
word (?).

a i_4ac 'anf, 'inf, 'unf (v.n.), Incommo-
ding, being troublesome to ; inconvenience,
hindrance ; — 'unf, Severity, rigour, vio-
lence ; [_'unfi 'itab-owee, Severity mixed with
reproach ;] — 'unuf (pi- of 'anif), Imperious,
tyrannical, violent, cruel.

a y)yuj5 'unfuwdn, lif^. l unfHivat, Vigour,
freshness, beauty ; prime, spring, bloom j
beginning, first or early stage of anything.

a l _ 5 Aic 'wtfi, fem. 'unflyat, 'unfiya,
Eigorous, severe, violent, lordly, tyrannical ;
— takallfi 'unfiya, Exactions, oppressive
extortions.

A 'unq, A company ; nobles, princes ;
the lower orifice of the stomach, the py-
lorus ; a crust of bread ; — 'unq, 'unuq, 'unaq,
The neck ; — 'anaq, Length of neck; a pace
of the horse or camel.

a 'anqd', in P. 'anqd, (fem, of a'naq),
Long-necked ; a fabulous bird, also called

( 871 )

eimurgi, said to be known as to name but
unknown as to body ; hence anything
scarce, rare, wonderful, difficult or impos-
sible to be got ; an unmeaning speech ;
calamity, misfortune ; name of a note in
music; according to others of a musical
instrument — 'anqd shudan, To become con-
cealed, to disappear, to get lost.

a jUu: 'inqdd, A bunch of grapes ; a
cluster of dates, or of the fruit of the ardk-
tree, <fcc.

a Sj^a Uac 'anqdshnkoh, Powerful or
majestic as the bird 'anqa (said of a horse).

a &t* 'an qibal-hi, iJLiic 'anqibalih,
On his part.

a j&us 'anqar, 'anqur, Eoot of the reed,
or the first sprouting of the papyrus whilst
yet white ; pith of a palm-tree ; the chil-
dren of villagers (on account of their fresh
and florid complexion).

o w-j/ie 'an qarib, Soon, near to, about,
presently, shortly.

a Jjiic 'unqud, A bunch of grapes, a
cluster of dates, or of the fruit of the araJc-
tree, &c.

<Aus 'ank, An ass which goes before the
herd ; — 'ink, An oil-mill ; pillar of a house
or oil-mill.

a 'ank (v.n.), Becoming thick (milk) ;
being heaped up (sands in the desert) ; dis-
obeying her husband (a woman) ; travelling
through a country; getting slowly through
sandy tracts ; attacking or returning to a
charge ; shutting, bolting (a door) ; being
very red (blood or sand) ; — 'ank, 'ink, 'unk,
The greater part of anything ; — 'ink, Eoot,
origin ; a door ; — 'unk (pi. of 'anik), Sands
heaped up and conglomerated ; — 'anak,
Eoot, origin ; — 'an-ka, From or by thee.

a «aj^ie 'ankabiit, A spider ; — 'ankabuti
mrrin-tdr, (met.) The sun ; — magaswdr dar
parda'i 'ankabiit uftdda, Like a fly fallen
into the web of a spider.

a ief^fSLus 'ankabUtiya, Name of one of
the membranes of the eye.

'ang, Braying of an ass ; a jackass.

a ^ 'anam, A species of Arabian tree,
bearing red fruit to which a finger tinged
with henna is compared ; also the extremi-
ties of the Syrian carob-tree ; the tendrils
of a vine twining round an arbour ; the
thorn of the acacia; a kind of lizard; (in
P. 'anm) pomegranate-flowers.

a (jjJ* 'anam, (v.n.), Happening, occurring ;
presenting itself to sight ; an object pre-
sent to the eye ; side, quarter ; — 'unun (pi.
of 'inan), Reins of a bridle.

ijje'aw (v.n.), Bringing out; produc-
ing grass ; approaching a thing and smelling
it (a dog) ; — 'inw, A tract, district, expanse ;
a crowd or body of men of different ranks
or families; — 'unuw (v.n. of yjs), Being de-
tained captive ; producing grass ; approach-
ing a thing and smelling it.

a <^j^ 'vnwdn, 'inwdn, Title-page, fron-
tispiece, or lettering of a book (generally
gilded and highly ornamented) ; super-
scription ; address of a letter; preface;
beginning of anything ; mode, manner ;
construed with the verbs baetan, kardan,
kashldan, &c. ; — sahib 'unman, Sovereign,
supreme, distinguished ; — sa'adat-'unwdn,
Happy, glorious, angust.

a 'anwat, Anything produced, pub-
lished, brought forth ; production ; force,
compulsion ; love, affection ; — 'anwat-an,
By force, forcibly.

a O)-^ 'amid, Contumacious, refractory,
wayward ; a cloud big with rain ; — 'unud
(v.n. of «U£), Acting unjustly ; rejecting
what one knows to be right or true and
leaning to what is false; flowing without
drying up (perspiration) ; pasturing alo-ie
(she-camel).

Ajjii 'unitz (pi. of 'anz), She-goats.

a yji* 'uniiB (v.n. of Remaining
long unmarried in her parents' house (a
girl) ; producing an alteration in a man's
countenance (old age) ; (pi. of 'anit) girls
remaining long unmarried in their parents'
house after puberty.

A ty-^e 'anun, (A camel) outstripping
others in travelling; — 'unun (v.n. of (j-*),
Appearing, offering itself to view.

a 'anid, Obstinate, stubborn, refrac-
tory ; one who strays from the right way
purposely and intentionally.

a 'ants, Name of a noted man.

a oLyie 'anlf, One riding with a rough
hand ; hard (pace) ; rigorous, severe, cruel ;
troublesome, inconvenient.

a 'aniq, The neck ; one who embraces
or seizes by the neck.

A yifJ-c 'innln, Impotent, averse from
women (through dislike, natural deficiency,
or fascination) ; weak, frail ; a coward.

A ij^m 'ininat, 'innlnat, Impotency, aver-
sion to women.

'av, Clamour, noise ; a cry for help.

a *Aj£ 'ttwa' (v.n. of ^yO, Making an in-
distinct noise ; barking, howling ; — 'auwa',
A dog (especially barking much) ; the fun-
dament ; the thirteenth mansion of the
moon (four or five stars in Virgo) ; an aged
she-camel.

a (.r-^y 'awdbis (pi. of 'obis) Grim (lions).

a 'awdiiq (pi. of 'dtiq), Blooming

girls ; shoulders ; large bottles ; old bows
red with age ; birds ready for flight,

a 'awasin (pi. of 'usdn), Smokes,

a sV 1 'auwdj, Dealer in ivory or tortoiae-
shell.

a o\j£ 'auwad, fern. 'auuiddat, 'au-

wada, A performer on the lute or harp ('ad).

A 'awdz, A disliking, a disapproving,

A Jj\yt 'awdzil (pi. of 'azil), Blamers ;
certain menstruous veins.

A 'awdr, 'iwdr, 'uwdr, A mote paining

( 872 )

the eye; a rent in a garment; blemish,
fault, defect ; — 'utvdr, Pusillanimous, timid,
weak ; a swallow ; dust, motes, or anything
similar in the eye ; one unable to see his
way.

A i/jV 5 'awdriz (pi, of 'drizat), Camels
killed when labouring under any disease ;
side-teeth ; accidents, incidental diseases ;
taxes, extraordinary contributions ; ['awd-
rizijismdniya, Bodily infirmities ;] — 'uwdriz,
Name of a mountain where Hatim Taiy is
buried.

a w^y* 'awdrif (pi. of 'arifat), Known,
public, notorious (things) ; kindnesses ;
acknowledgments (as of salutations, &c,
m.c).

A u-^y* 'auwas, A night-patrol.

a p-V 5 'awasij, Name of a tribe.

a 'awdsir (pi. of 'asir), A kind of
wind ; matters or objects of evil.

A *-4-^jC 'awasif (pi. of 'dsif, 'tisifat),
High winds, hurricanes, violent gales.

a <-4My* 'awdtif (pi. of 'af/ifat), Affec-
tions, favours.

a J^V 1 'owaft'i (pi. of 'dtil), Unadorned
with necklaces ; letters without diacritical
points.

a wi^ys 'uwaf, Wy* 'uw&fat, Whatever a
lion prowls after by night and devours.

A s-jfly 5 'axoaqib (pi. of 'dqibat), Ends,
conclusions, issues, consequences.

a m~>\jc 'awdgih-bin, Foresightful.

a J^y* 'auwal, Name of a man ; — 'uwdl,
Name of a tribe ; also of two places.

a ^J\jc l awdli (pi. of 'dliyal), Straight, tall
spears ; high things or places.

a «Uj 'awali-pandh, Illustrious.

a ftjc 'uwdm, Name of a place ; — 'auwdm,
A swimmer ; swift-going (horse) ; going or
attacking with intrepidity; a raft; —
'awdmm (pi. of 'ammat), The common
people, public, vulgar ; the commonalty,
people at large, the populace, the masses ;
— 'avmnim u KAawdss, Plebeians and nobles ;
everybody.

A*J-«y 'awdm.il (pi. of 'dmilat), Words,
particles, or prepositions, which govern
other words ; performers; tax-gatherers.

A ($\jB-'awan, A middle-aged woman (espe-
cially married), a lady, a mistress of a
family ; war determined by one battle ; (in
P.) a seiner, holder, griper ; — Hwdn (v.n. of
yys), Assisting, bringing help ; aid, help,
assistance.

a yWy* 'awdndn (pi. of 'awdn), Gripers,
Oppressors ; — 'auodndni falaJc, The planets
Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus,
Mercury, and the Moon.

a u~ny> 'awards (pi. of 'dnie), Remaining
long at home unmarried (girls).

a y^y* 'awawir (pi. of 'uuidr), Weak (per-
sons) ; swallows.

a s-*?y* 'awd'ib. Blemishes, defects ;
faults, vices.

a .tftys 'awa\d (pi. of 'a'idat), Favours,
kindnesses ; returns, profits, gains.
a/\j* 'awu'ir, Swarms (of locusts).
A ijS^ 'awd'iq (pi. of 'a'iq), Hinderers ;
hindrances ; impediments.

a 'auj (v.n.), Stopping (in any place) ;
causing or allowing to stop ; drawing in
the reins (of a camel, &e.) ; bending with
the reins the head (of a camel or horse) ;
standing ; receding, retiring ; — 'uj, Og, king
of Bashan (said to have lived from the
times of Adam to those of Moses) ; (met.)
a tall, foolish man ; — 'awaj (v.n,), Being
crooked, distorted ; a curvature ; — 'iwaj,
Curvature, crookedness; obliquity (espe-
cially in a moral sense).

a Jjc 'and (v.n.), Returning; turning;
restoring, bringing back ; visiting the sick ;
accustoming ; return ; relapse ; habit, cus-
tom ; a man advanced in years, a man of
experience, ability, or prudence ; aged
(camel or sheep) ; an old road ; ancient do-
minion ; (pi. of 'd'id) visitors of the sick ;
— 'ud, Wood, timber; the trunk or branch
of a tree, a staff, stick, rod ; aloe- wood ; a
lute, harp, lyre ; the bone at the root of the
tongue; ['ftdu 'r-rlh ('s-sallb), Name of a
wood called fdwdniyd ; a kind of wood on
which fire makes no impression, or one
which breaks in squares ; a triangular bit
of wood, used as an amulet to keep off
frightful dreams; (met.) streaks of dawn;
— udu 'l-'titds, Sneeze- wort; — 'ud bar 'dtish
nihddan, To burn incense, to perfume ; —
'udi khdm, Pure or fresh aloe-wood ; — 'ud
zadan (sakktan), To strike the lyre, to play
on the lute ; — 'ud sokhten, To burn aloe-
wood, to perfume; — 'udi sim'm, The dawn;
— 'udi qamari, A species of aloe-wood
brought from Kamar ; — 'iidi guldbi, 'ud w
guldb, Whiteness and blackness ; — 'ud u
shakar sokktan, To burn aloe-wood and
sugar ; — 'udi hindi, Lignum aloes ;] — 'tiwad
(pi. of 'd'id), Visitors of the sick.

A iwy* 'audat, A returning, coming back.

a. Jjc 'iid-soe, A censer in which they
burn aloe wood.

a oys 'ud-girih, A heavy aloes-wood
which sinks in water and is considered the
best.

a <^jy^ 'udi, Of wood, of aloes-wood ; a
blackish colour (as that of aloes-wood).

a 'vdi'takht. Heaven, sky.

a jy* auz (v.n.), Fleeing for refuge ;
seeking protection ; taking refuge with God
from anything bad ; ['aiest hi'lldh, Q-od pre-
serve us ! God forbid !] — 'uz (pi. of 'd'iz),
(Mares, camels, or does) the tenth or fif-
teenth day after colting ; — 'awaz (v.n.),
Disliking, disapproving; refuge, asylum;
low, base, mean ; ['awaz-an min-hu, (I did
it) unwillingly ; — 'uwaz (pi. of 'uzaf), Amu-
lets ; —'uwai, Part of the flesh next to the
bone ; herbage growing at the roots of

( 873 )

thorns, or in rough places where cattle
cannot crop it.;— atyahu 'l-lahm-i 'uwanu-hu,
The nicest is that nearest the bone.

a sjjc 'uzat, An amulet, a thing repelling
evil ; a seeking refuge.

. A JJf >aur (v.n), Depriving of one eye,
blinding; taking away, carrying off; de-
stroying, obliterating ; — *«r (pi. of a'war),
One-eyed, monocular ; naked, nude, bare ;
— 'a,war (v.n.), Being Hind of one eye ; —
'awir, Inwardly bad, secretly wicked.

a ulAj}* 'aural, Parts of the body which
it is indecent to expose.

a Eye 'aurat, Any part of the body which
it is indecent to expose (particularly from
the navel to the knee) ; the pudenda ; a
woman ; a wife ; any place exposed to hos-
tile incursions; any weak part in an army
or fortress ; one-eyedness ; — 'aurati zctn,
Pudenda mulieris ;— 'aurati mard, Pudenda
viri.

a &i\>^ 'auratdna, Of or relating to wo-
man, like a woman, womanly.

a J^yi ^jf 1 'aural-posh, Breeches.

a tsyc 'urt, Nakedness.

a 3^ 'auz, A grape-stone; — 'ut, Name of
a man ; — 'avmz (v.n.), Wanting, not being
found; being poor; poverty; need, neces-
sity.

a 'aus (v.n.), Ranging in the night ;
catching (as a wolf) anything to devour ;
managing judiciously one's property ; — '%»,
A kind of sheep ; — -'awas, A drawing in
of the corners of the mouth when laughing.

a jp.y: 'ausaj, A kind of bramble ; name
of a horse.

A 'aueajat, A kind of bramble;

name of a certain silver-mine.

a 'aus, A mark, a sign ;_ — Sis, 'Cz,

son of Irani and father of 'Ad ; — 'aivas
(v.n.), Being hard and difficult; confound-
ing or nonplussing an antagonist.

a ^cjc 'auz (v.n.), Doing or giving an
equivalent; compensation; time, age; name
of an idol ; — Hwaz (v.n.), Giving or doing
an equivalent ; equivalent, compensation,
requital ; a substitute, amends, return ;
retaliation, penalty, forfeit ; exchange ; — •
'ma? kardan, To barter, exchange ; to
change horses (m.c.) ; — bila 'iwaz-in, Gra-
tuitously, without reward, Teturn, or equi-
valent. The word is also construed with.
dadan, dashtan, talabidan, giriftan, &c.

a asU}£ 'iwazdna, As a substitute, by
way of compensation, in exchange.

a 'iwa?l, Equivalent, in compensa-
tion.

a Uys <aut (v.n.), Conceiving in the first
year (a sbe-camet).

f- f- 'av-'av, A noise, tumult, clamour;
bow-wow (see <-A*ac and

a Kjf: 'auf (v.n.), Hying round anything
(as birds round a watering-place or carcase) j
state, condition j work, business; a guest j

good fortune, .happiness ; penis ; name of a
bird ; a cock ; a lion ; a wolf j name of An
idol ; also of a mountain ; a certain fragrant
plant ; one who takes care of his family.

a 'auq (v.n.), Hindering, detaining,
preventing ; binding, imprisoning ; worth-
less, good for nothing (man) ; one who
diverts another from anything good ; — 'iiq,
Najne of the father of Qg (see g^e) ; — 'awaq,
HungeJ ; & branch of the Banii 'Abdu '1-
qals ; — 'aviiq, A hiwierer, preventer ; [^awiq
lawiq, Sheepish, foolish, bashful;] — 'uwaq,
A Lmderer ; a coward • one who meets
with continual interruptions and hindrances:;
one who having set his mind on anything
goes through with it.

a us)ys 'auk (v.n.), Being supported (by
hope); being kind, favourably inclined;
returning to her house and eating what is
there (woman) ; [auwalu 'auk-in wa bauh-ift,
The first thing;] — 'a/wak (v.n.), Moving;
motion.

A Jjc 'aid (v.n.). Deviating, swerving,
straying ; being oppressive ; leaning to one
side (a. scale) ; troublesome, difficult (aa
affair) ; overcoming, getting the better of 5
supporting (a family) ; having a large
family to maintain ; provision for a family ;
lamentation j wail; — Hwal, Confidence, re-
liance.

a <jij£ 'aulaq, A demon inhabiting the
woods ; a bitch wanting the male ; a wolf ;
hunger.

a 'aum (v.n.), Swimming (a man) ;
sailing (a ship) ; travelling (a camel) ; —
'uwam (pi. of 'umai), Black animalcules
swimming on water.

a 'umat, 'tima, A black animalcule
swimming on water ; a kind of fish.

a tJj£ 'aun (v.n.), Being middle-aged (a
woman) ; helping, assisting ; aid, assist-
ance, succour, help ; an aider, helper, de-
fender, protector; an ally; a servant;—
'auni ilahi, Divine aid-

a 'auhaj, Long-necked or long-

legged (ostrich, camel, or roe).

a (J^y! 'a uhaq, Long, tall ; name of a
camel to which all camels of a superior
quality are traced ; a bull of blackish colour ;
a black crow ; a mountain-swallow ; lapis
lazuli, or a colour resembling it, a blackish
blue.

A (j^fcj^ 'auhaqdn, (jn&fcye 'auhaqain, Two
stars at the side of the farqadan in a line
towards the polar star.

a jjy* 'uwair (dim. of a'war), A crow ;
name of a place ; an odious disposition.

a 'awis, Difficult to be understood
(verse) ; foreign, obsolete (word) ; severe
(misfortune) ; difficult, distressing (affair) j
rough (ground) ; soul ; power; motion.

a J>ys 'awTl, A groan, wail, lamentation ;
— pur 'atvil, Full of groans.

a 'uwaim, Name of a man.

^ ( 874 ) l«&

i. j^b 'ahd (v.n.), Commanding ; recom-
mending; enjoining; making a will or
testament; meeting with; time, season;
life-time, age, reign ; an oath ; faith ; se-
curity ; treaty, covenant ; promise, agree-
ment, obligation, bond ; league ; injunction,
charge, mandate, will, testament ; honour,
respect, reverence ; a profession or a belief
in the unity of God ; ['ahd bastan, To strike
a bargain ; — 'ahdi hmkumat, In the reign of ;
— 'ahd giriftan, To enter in league with, to
take one's part, to side with ; — 'ahd u pai-
mdni janibain, The conditions on both
sides ;] — 'ahid, The manager of the affairs
of a kingdom.

A 'uhdat, 'uhda, An obligation, debt ;
an obliging oneself to pay, a becoming
surety for another ; a written agreement, a
bargain, a contract ; a mulct, a line ; an
affidavit ; deficiency, weakness ; a return-
ing of goods (if damaged) ; — £12 'uhda'i
chize birun dmadan, To perform a duty ; to
make out the sense of; to be able to do
a thing; — az 'uhda'i 'ahd birun amadan,
To pay a vow, to fulfil or get quit of an
obligation ; — la 'uhdat-a, There is no return-
ing or taking back (an article sold).

o,_j\j x^c 'ahd- ddr, Holder of a contract ;
an officer (of the Mogul government) who
engaged to collect the revenue of a dis-
trict for a small percentage.

a (^yiA 'aJtdshikan, A promise-breaker.

a ^y-i* ^ 'ahd-shikani, Breach of promise ;
infraction of a treaty.

a a^c 'ahd-ndma, Letters of agree-
ment, articles of peace or capitulation; a
bond ; a charter ; a will ; a diploma.

a 0 >\^ 'uhda-bard'i, Performance of
an agreement, ability to perform; means;
performance.

a (_5>^j 'uhda-bandi, Stated periods

for the discharge of a debt or payment of
money.

ujij 'uhda-ddr, Entrusted with a

business, employed, holding a commission;
an officer ; a contractor, collector ; security
for rents.

a &^ 'uhda-dari, Holding an office ;
incumbency.

a 'ahr (v.n.), Being addicted to whore-
dom or theft ; — 'ihr, Adultery, fornicition.

x 'uh'iikh, Name of a tree whose

leaves and stem are useful in medicine.

a 'ahn (v.n.), Withering (as the

branch of a tree) ; being fixed, established,
remaining (in a place); coming from a
place ; taking pains in a matter ; hastening
to accomplish the wishes of another ; —
'ihn, An able manager of an estate ; dyed
wool.

a yfi 'ihw, A colt ; a fine camel.

a •ifffi 'uhud (pi. of 'ahd), Conditions,
capitulations, promises, agreements ; suc-
cessive rains.

a <£j»e 'uhun (pi. of 'ihn), Dyed wools.

A -^m^ 'ahid, United in a bond, confede-
rate ; contemporary ; tributary ; old, an-
cient.

a ^ 'aiy, Name of the brother of 'Adnan
(see y^Ac) ; — 'iy (v.n.), Stammering ; being
ignorant of ; being embarrassed, unequal
to any business or enterprise.

a 'ay a', Difficult, incurable (disease),

a 'iydb (pi. of 'aibat), Portmanteaus;
breasts or hearts as repositories of secrets ;
— 'aiydb, Slanderous; a reviler, slanderer.

a 'iydd (v.n. of Visiting (the
sick).

a E>>We Hyddat (v.n. of ^ys), Visiting (the
sick) ; a visitation ; — 'iyddaii khagtagdn,
Visitation of the sick.

a 'iyaz (v.n. of Jjc), Flying from evil
to good, taking refuge ; a bird which takes
refuge in a mountain ; refuge, asylum ; —
Hydz-an bi'l-ldh, God avert ! Heaven for-
fend!

AjW* 'iydr (v.n. 3 of >)*), Marking
(weights and measures) with a just stan-
dard, assaying ; a standard of weight, mea-
sure, or firmness ; mark, proof, touchstone,
assay ; a goldsmith's balance ; the curvet-
ing of a horse ; the running of a dog when
escaping or set at liberty ; (pi. of 'air) asses
(wild or tame) ; ['iydri ddnish, Criterion of
knowledge (title of a book); — 'iydr giriftan,
To test, probe, assay. The word in the
sense of standard, &c. is also construed
with the verbs bar sang (mihakk) zadan,
paidd shudan, ddnietan, kardan, &c] —
'aiydr, fem. ajUc 'aiydra, A cheat, knave,
impostor, charlatan, conjuror, juggler; sly,
mischievous ; a horse curveting or praucing
from sprightliness ; one who travels much,
a rover, vagrant, vagabond.

a o^W* 'aiy&ragi, Artfulness, slyness,
cunning, craftiness ; imposture.

a j*S 'iydr-glr, An assayer.

a \J*} 'aiydr-wash, Like a prancing
steed.

a t5jW* 'aiydri, Deceit, imposture,
knavery.

a i^r»W« 'aiydsh, A jovial fellow, jolly
toper, boon companion ; a pleasure-seeker ;
one fond of good cheer ; libidinous, leche-
rous ; a voluptuary, sensualist, debauch^,
rake.

a 'aiydshi, Luxury, luxuriousness,

joviality ; addictedness to pleasure, sen-
suality, debauchery.

a ljoW* 'ayds (v.n. of yoy»), Nonplussing
an adversary ; — 'iyds (v.n. of u*^), Being
unintelligible (speech), difficult (an affair) ;
(v.n. 3 of (j'yO wrestling, struggling.

a (j^We 'iydz, Retribution, compensation.

a i-iUe 'dyaf, A kind of game ; — 'iyaf
(v.n. 3 of *-i»c), Nauseating, loathing (food).

a iiUc 'iydfat (v.n. of *->)*), Having an
aversion to, loathing meat or drink; die-

l#& (875

gust, loathing, aversion ; divining, augur-
ing, taking an omen from the flight of
birds ; divination.

A JWe 'iydl (pi. of 'aiyil), Family, chil-
dren, domestics ; a wife.

a ^ JL« Hyahdar, Maintaiuer of a
family j a man with a large family.

a tSjt** J^* 'iydl-ddri, Maintenance of a
family ; family or household affairs ; worldly
concerns.

a jlwJLjc 'iyalmand, Possessed of a
family.

A 'ay dm, A day.

a <j)Wis Hyan (v.n. 3 of tf**). Seeing ; ob-
serving, contemplating, beholding face to
face ; ocular demonstration ; clear, mani-
fest ; a ploughshare ; ['iydn Icardan, To
Tender evident; to make manifest ;] — 'aiydn,
Tired ; embarrassed, unequal to.

a 'iydn-an, Publicly, clearly, plainly,
visibly.

a &>\-tfi- 'iyanat (v.n. of Being a Bpy

on another's acts, prying into, lying.

a ,_s>W£ 'iydni, A spy.

a v<t 'aib (v.n.), Accusing, reproaching,
treating opprobriously ; spoiling, damaging ;
vice, fault, defect j blemish, stain ; dis-
grace, infamy, dishonour ; affront; ['aib
awardan (burdan), To divulge a vice, to
disgrace ; — 'aib kardan (giriftan), To blame,
reproach, take to task. Also construed
with poshidan, guftan, namudan, &c] —
'iydb (pi. of the following), Portmanteaus,
&c.

a 'aibat, Fault, disgrace, vice, defect,
or blemish ; a portmanteau, or anything
similar in which clothes are put ; a re-
pository of secrets ; — 'uyabat, A great fault-
finder.

a s--c 'aib-bin, Fault- finder, caviller.

* u^ji s-»«fi 'aib-posh, A concealer of
faults or defects, one who screens or con-
nives at the faults of another ; an upper
garment.

a s-«* 'aib-j)oski, Concealment of a
fault ; overlooking another's shortcomings.

a iJ^V ****** 'aib-tarash, Erasing faults.

a t5^«- s-«^ 'aib-joy, Fault-seeking.

a ijp- 'aib-jo'i, Picking out faults,

criticism, cavilling, censoriousness.

a (j** fl-c 'aib-chin, Culling errors or
faults.

a ■t-r^ 'aib-chmt, Criticism,
cijb 'aib-ddr, Faulty, defective, un-
sound.

a ^jj*. s-y*^ 'aib-shoy, Washing away sin
or crime.

a J±£ s-*^ 'aib-kosh, Of vicious conduct,
indulging in vice.

a (jy^s-** 'aib-goy {guy), A slanderer.

a JSjS s-*e 'aib-yo'i, Evil-speaking, as-
persion, detraction, slander.

a j£ « i 'aib-gir, Seizing on faults.

a i£J t$ 'aib-giri, — ,Jfi- s-e* q.v.

a *s)W** 'aibndk, Disgraceful, vicious,
faulty, blemished; damaged, spoiled (goods).

a J/lis-^c 'aibndki, Blemish, vice, faulti-
ness.

a 'aibi, Unsound, faulty, defective ;

vicious ; infamous ; one-eyed ,■ squint-eyed ;
a bad character.

a v±-«£ 'ais, Destroying, wasting (as a
wolf the flock) ; damage, waste ; destruc-
tion ; — zu 'l-'ais, Mischievous ; destructive.

a («U>c 'aisdm, The plane-tree.

A o^e 'id., Anything which returns (of
care, grief, or sickness) ; a solemnity, feast,
festival, holiday ; name of high-bred camel,
sire of a noble race ; a sOTt of mountain-
tree ; (pi. of 'adat) manners, customs,
habits ; — 'Idi ttsbii', Pentecost ; — 'idu 'z-
zuha ('Idi a.?M),Tbe festival of sacrifices at
Mecca; — 'idieharif, Easter, the passover; —
'Idi sagklr (fitr), The festival of the break-
ing of the Ramazan fast ; — 'idi gkadir (aha-
diri kham), A festival celebrated by the
Imainiyah sect on the 18th of zu 'l-kijjat ;
— 'idi qurbdn, The festival of sacrifices
(= idu'?-zuhd above); — 'idi guldbi, A feast
at the beginning of spring, when presents
of flasks of rose-water were made ; — 'idi
masih, The day on which a table descended
from heaven at the prayer of Jesus ; — 'idi
maulud, Feast of (Muhammad's) nativity ;
— 'idi nau-roz, Feast of the (Persian) new
year.

a s-^-** 6 'iddb, Name of a city.

a (j!.**!! 'iddn (du. of 'id), The two fes-
tivals (of fitr and azhd).

a i\S ij; 'id-gdh, A place where solemn
feasts and festivals are held.

a ^jJ* 6 'idi, ijA^c Hdlya, 'idiya, Of or
relating to a feast ; a present made on a
festive occasion ; an Easter-gift ; pocket-
money given to children on a feast-day.

a ^.-M* 'idain (obi. du. of 'id, used as
aom.), The two festivals (of fitr and azha).

a v^-**^ 'iz&b, = sj^* 15 q- v -

'izrun, A medlar (s= q.v.).

a i_r~»" 'ais (v.n.), Impregnating the
female (a camel) ; semen admissarii ; — 'is
(pi. of a'yas), Camels of a reddish -white
colour; — 'ayas, Keddish-white in a camel.

a jjjt'—jc 'isd'i, Christian ; a Christian.

>— >j~-e 'aisiib, Sweet marjoram.

a t^s)—** 'isawi, Of the religion of Jesus ;
a Christian ; a Jesuit ; — millati 'isawiya, The
Christian religion or people.

a ;\j csj*"** 1 'isam-wdr, Like. Jesus; like a
Christian.

a Jj— 'isa, Jesus ; — mauludi '%m, The
nativity of Jesus.

a ls-s^ '/si, Belonging to Jesus, Christian.

a Jji. Js—frfc 'isa-khurd, >^ys- Jj— 'Isd
khwurd, A bunch of grapes.

a (jUaj 'Isd-dihqdn, Grape-wine.

a y-^ 3 *) Js—<-e 'tsd-rah-niahiii, The Bun ;
a sun-beam; a skilful physician.

U-e* (

a a*U-S"fc Jy— 'isdshash-mdha, Fruits
which come to maturity in six months ;
grapes.

a Jj~<js 'wa-kada, The mansion of
Jesus ; the fourth heaven ; a Cristian
church.

a a*U 4> (1s~*s 'isd-nuh-mdha, A bunch of
grapes ; grape- wine.

a. JjJ j* '■tsd-Aar-darci, Wine.

a tr-*e 'ai«7i (v.n.), Living; food, bread;
pleasure, delight ; luxury ; gratification of
the appetites; sensuality; sexual inter-
course ; eonstmed with tarawidan, kardan,
&c. ; — 'aishi pahlu-dar, A strong or lasting
life ; — 'aishi dah-roza, A short life ; a short
life and a merry one ;—'aish w jaish, Joy
and delight, excessive pleasure ; — 'aish u
'ishrat (nashat), Pleasantness of life ; lux-
urious enjoyment, voluptuousness,

a U*js %shd, The womb.

a *M iJl** 'aish-kdh, "What diminishes
pleasure.

a 'jihat, iAjA^c 'aishushai (v.n. of
<_r-**), Living, leading au agreeable life; —
'Ishati rdziya, A pleasurable life.

a (^-js 'aigh-khdna, A house of plea-
sure, a place of enjoyment.

ajL, ^.^js 'aish-sdz, Who leads a plea-
surable life ; joyful, merry.

« csj^~ y 1 ^ 5 'aisk-adzi, Pleasure, enjoy-
ment,

a yls— s^e 'aishiet&n, A place of enjoy-
ment ; abounding in pleasures.

a si? <j~>c 'aish-gah, A place of enjoyment.

a J*e-» iji-** 'awh-mahal, Place of joy ;
one of the apartments in a palace.

&a^h 'isha, A plant resembling a reed.

a. 'is, Entangled trees ; also —

a 'isu, Esau (brother of Jacob).

a '«ijf (v.n. of Having a long

neck ; — 'it, Excellent young camels ; the
shouts of drunken, riotous fellows, or of
winners in a game ; — 'ayat, Length of
neck.

a >-ft~e 'aif (v.n.), (A bird) planing, hover-
ing, being suspended in the air (over water
or a carcase) intending to alight ; loathing,
nauseating (food and drink) ; (for
q.v.) divining from the flight of birds.

a (3** 'aiq, A worthless, good-for-nothing
fellow ; hindrance ; an allowance of water ;
— 'zq, A word used in checking or driving
cattle ; — 'aiyaq, A hinderer, preventer j
dilatory,

a 4a*« 'aiqat, 'Iqat, The sea-shore ; a river
Lank ; a corner or part of a house ; an
allowance of water.

A 'ail (v.n.), Walking pompously,
moving with a noble carriage (a man or
horse) ; being poor, indigent, destitute ;
travelling, rambling, making a tour; —
'ayal (v.n.), Telling a, story to a deaf per-
son, or to one who will not hear ; — 'aiyil,
A wife, children, domestic, or any person

876 )

maintained in a family ; walking with a
stately gait (man) ; prancing (a horse) ; —
'uyyal (pi. of 'd'il), Poor, needy,

a £Lc 'ailat (v.n. of Je^), Becoming poor ;
poverty, want ; (pi. of 'd'il) poor, needy.

a 'dim, (by Imalah for 'dlim),

Learned.

a 'aim (v.n.), Thirsting (especially
after milk).

a y«c 'ain (v.n.), Plowing (water); in-
juring by the evil eye ; hurting the eye ;
inclining to one side (the tongue of a
balance) ; the eye ; sight, vision ; a look,
glance; anything resembling an eye, as the
eye of a needle, of a pair of scales, Ac. ; the
letter 'ain (on account of its shape) ; fine
circles on the skin ; the ring of a coat of
mail ; the sling of a balista, in which the
ball or stone is placed to be thrown ; the
knee-pan ; a scout, spy, watchman ; the
substance, essence, best part of anything ;
the thing itself ; a person, somebody, indi-
vidual; a lord, leader, great man; the
people of a town, or of a house ; a crowd,
multitude ; an uterine brother ; money,
coin, cash ; gold or silver specie ; half of a
ddniq (of seven dinars) ; the sun ; also his
rays ; the true point of the qiblah ; the
eastern part of Irak ; a cloud proceeding
from the direction of the qiblah, or from
the east of Irak ; rain lasting several days ;
flowing water; a fountain, source, conduit;
a kind of bird ; name of several places ;
(pi. of a'yan) black-eyed (virgins) ; ['ainu 's-
sctwr, Bull's eye (name of a star) ; — 'ainu 'I.
haiwdn (haydt), fountain of life or immor-
tality ; quicksilver ; — 'ainu 'ehshame, The
sun's eye (a flower) ; — 'ainu 's-sawdb, A
right road ; the thing itself ; right reason ;
— 'ainu 'l-mal, Principal capital; net profit;
land revenue ; — 'ainu 'l-hirr, Cats-eye (a
precious stone) : — 'ainu 'l-yaqln, Experi-
mental knowledge ; certainty ; — 'aini tabahl
wa mahzi gumrdhi, Complete destruction
and absolute ruin ; — 'ami sahhin, A hot eye,
i.e. anguish, distress ; — 'aini salwdn, The
river Jordaii ; a fountain ; — 'ami saldh, Sin-
cere advice ; — 'aini 'ibmt, A warning or look ,
— 'aini 'indyat, A look of favour; — 'aini
hatndl, The height of perfection, also the
eyes of some Arabians (called kamdl), which
were supposed piercing enough to kill
people ; — 'aini gulshdn, Name of a fountain
near Tus ; — 'aini muhaiyir (la' It) , A peculiar
form of the letter 'ain (in calligraphy) ; —
'aini mlzdn, The eye of a balance (wherein
the tongue moves) ; — -anta 'aid 'aini, You
are upon my eye, i.e. possess my regards or
love ; — sadiqi ('abdi) 'ain, An eye-server,
false friend, hypocrite, dissembler ; —
qarlru 'l-'ain, Cool-eyed, i.e. cheerful, happy
(comp. 'aini sakh'm above) ;] — 'In (pi. of
'aind'), Black-eyed (virgins) ; — 'ayan (v.n.),
Having large black eyes ; width and black-

( 877 )

ness of the eyes; — 'uyun (pi. of Hyari),
Ploughshares ; (pi. of 'ayuri) those who look
with malignant eyea.

a »U*£ 'aina' (fern, of a'yan), Large-eyed
(woman, mountain-cow).

a gV^UiC 'inaniyan, The inhabitants of
Inan in Tainan.

A v^"* 6 'ain-tdb. Name of a city in Syria.

<* O** Ct* 0 'ain-ghain, (the letters 'aire and
gbflin) But slightly different, very much
alike ; squint-eyed ; having a cataract.

a «2Usc 'ainak, Spectacles, eye-glasses ; —
'ainaki abl, Blue spectacles ; — 'ainak pixhi
nazar giriftan, To put on spectacles ; —
'ainaki dur-bin (kasrat-bin), A telescope; —
'ainaki haadr-bin (hazar-numa), Multiply-
ing glass; kaleidoscope (mm.cc).

a fcjta wU .c 'ainak-ddn, A spectacle-case
(m.c).

a 'ainu-hu, 'aimi-ha, His, its, or
her eye, essence or self.

a ^ji^c 'ainl, Of or relating to the eye ;
genuine, essential, real.

a **>je* 'ayiib, Dishonest, shameful ; vi-
cious ; — 'uyub (pi. of 'aib), Vices, defects,
faults, blemishes, bad points or qualities.

a <iftfi 'aya/, (A camel) smelling the
water without drinking, although thirsty ;
name of a certain woman.

A Jji* 'aiyilq, A certain bright red star
which follows the Pleiades, the star Capella.

a Jj** 'uyul, 'ayiil (v.n. of Ju*), Wander-
ing, travelling ; being poor, poverty.

A 'ayun, One who looks steadfastly
with a malignant eye; — 'uyun (pi. of 'ain),
Eyes, fountains ; title of a book written by
Auwari.

a s-wfp>e 'aihab, Corpulent; indisposed,
digesting badly ; weak, timid.
A J-^ 'aihal, Swift (she-camel).

£ gh, called gfaaini manquta or gJtaini
mu'jama, " dotted ghain," the twenty-second
letter of the Arabic-Persian alphabet, ex-
presses 1,000 in arithmetic (hence it is with
the poets a symbol of the nightingale, the
bird of a thousand songs), and denotes
quadrature in the aspects of the stars. In
Arabic this letter is articulated in the
throat with a vibration producing a sound
like that given to r by the Northumbrians
(r gratseye in Fr.), or the noise made in
gargling. In Persian it corresponds to g
and the Sanskrit g, gh, and h, and inter-
changes frequently with the other gut-
turals.

giab, Foolish, unmeaning gabble;

fallen back, remaining afar off ; spoiled,
destroyed ; useless ; powerless, paralyzed ;
leavings, orts ; according to others, also a
cleft in a tree or the ground, and the place
where the moustache grows.

a g&db, A forest, wood, thicket,
grove, brake ; the haunt or den of a wild
beast.

uAibte gfedbdnk, The dog-violet.

a (jhabat, A forest, a dense thicket ;
a wild beast's haunt ; low ground ; name of
a place in Hijaz ; a multitude of men.

k fS&- ghabir, Remaining; past, passing
by, passing away ; relic, remainder,

a fyte ghabirat, Remaining; a remainder.

yi-!^ g&tibiah, Name of a mountain-tree.

a lajl* g£dbit, One who wishes to be like
another in circumstances, without envying
him.

a <$t\£ ghabin, Languid, remiss,
yjujli ghabandan. To slip, slide, stumble.
a sSf^ gkdbnq. Wine drunk at night.
tsJjjVfc gh abvk, Ball for cannon or cross-
bow.

gAatfar, Name of a city in Turkistiin ;
also of a quarter in Samarkand ; name of
a Turanian wrestler.

a ghdd, Softness, tenderness, smooth-
ness.

a g&adir, Deceitful.

a ghadif, A seaman, a rower.

a <_ijjti ghddnf, An oar.

a *ijlis ghadiyai, Morning-rain or clouds.

a jl£ gh&zz, A lachrymal duct which
ceases not to run.

a tgjLc ghdJt, Digestive, peptic.

a ijoUs ghaziyat, The faculty of digestion ;
a certain vein or artery.

j& gidr, The laurel.

a jte ghdr (v.n.), Being jealous ; envy,
jealousy ; a cavern, cave, grotto ; the den
of a wild beast ; low land, a hollow ; the
interior part of the month ; a deep gash or
wound ; an army, a multitude ; a vine-leaf ;
a measure of 100 qafit; name of a large
tree, yielding an useful oil and an antidote
against a snake-bite ; name of a man ;
[glidri gag, A dog-hole ; a kind of cavern or
cave ; — gtari ghatn, A prison ; the grave of
the wicked ; — ydri ghar, A companion in a
cave or prison, i.e. an intimate friend; —
g]iaran (du.), The two caves, mouth and
pudenda ;] — gh&rr, Imprudent, heedless,
thoughtless; a deceiver; a vain hope.

a s->j^ ghdrib, One who comes from afar ;
the summit of a wave ; the upper part of a
camel's bunch ; also the space between that
and tbe nerk.

A Sjki gharat (v.n. of Making a hos-
tile incursion into an enemy's country; a
raid ; plunder, pillage ; havoc, devastation ;
a predatory troop of horse ; construed with
uftddan, afgandan, khwur&an, tsadan, kar-
dan, &c. ; — gAdrat u khasdrat kardan, To

( 878 ) ui\^

plunder and lay waste ; — ba-ghdrat burdan
(raftan, nihddan), To make a predatory in-
road ; — Bhadldu^l-gfearat, Firmly twisted
(rope).

a wyAi gharat-Jchwurda (t^j zada),

Bobbed, pillaged, plundered.

a Jj* ui>_,Vi gjidral-ghol, Sudden loss or
destruction ; suddenly or unexpectedly lost.

a aVj ujjli g&drat-gdh, A place of pillage,
of a hostile invasion.

af g&dratgar, Marauder, robber,
assassin,

a <jyf <^>jlis gfcaratgari, Spoliation, pil-
lage.

a <*1U uujli ghdrat-nak, A robber, pillager,
depredator ; depredatory.

gAartang, The bar of a door.

a a>isJjLt gfaaratidan, To ravage, plunder,
pillage, rifle; to be plundered; to roll
over.

Gjte gAdraj, ghdrij, ghdrich, A morn-
ing draught of wine ; wine.

o 9 ";^ gkdrip, A morning draught of
wine ; one who drinks in the inoraing ; a
cup-bearer.

a ghariz, (A camel) having little
milk; (a locust) fixing the tail in the
ground to lay eggs.

a u»y& gkdris, A planter,

a tiU-yVt gjidristan, A place full of
caverns.

a jlfc ghdr-gidr, Full of caves, full of
clefts or holes.

a jjVfc giiariq, Submerged, drowned.

a s^T j\£ g&dr-gdh, A place abounding in
caves.

*»&>V£ gjyirang, An idiot, a fool.

jji ) ghdr u ghur, Chaos, confusion.

a giant, Plunder; plunderers; a
morning draught of wine ; a twist, plait ; a
cavern (see SjU= and Gj^O-

ts;^ gkarl, A bushel ; a sponge.

yjHy^ gAdriqun (G. dyaptKov), Agaricum.

3^ ghdz, A patch on a garment; split,
opened ; a rent, slit, crack ; want, scarcity,
dearness ; eating with a relish ; a certain
water-bird, a goose (see jU) ; beating cot-
ton ; — g&dss kardan, To tease cotton ; to
take to pieces the worn cloth of a garment
or tent (called shoddy) to be woven again.

}Lfc gkdz-ghdz, Cleft asunder.

yVijUs g&azghdn, A cauldron, a kettle.
gkaza, Eouge for the face ; noise,
cry ; root of the tail ; a peg for fastening
planks; a wedge used in splitting wood;
cotton-teasing.

a ts) 1 ^ ghaut, A conqueror, hero, gallant
soldier (especially combating infidels) ; a
general, leader of an expedition; (in P.) a
courtesan ; a rope-dancer ; sheep's chitter-
lings stuffed with spiceries ; — gjidzl 'd-din,
Champion of the faith (a proper name).

a g&dziyana, Bravely.

a Jj- ghdzi-mard, A hero ; a horse.

a i^v (43^ gh&zl-miydn, Name of the
nephew of Sultan Mahmiid Ghaznawi.

a ayVfc gkdtsiya, The faculty of intending
or purposing.

jVi ghdzh, A wide-mouthed man ; a thorn ;
beating of cotton ; — gh dzh kardan, To sepa-
rate the seed from the cotton ; to beat
wool and prepare it for spinning; to take
to pieces the worn cloth of a garment or
tent called shoddy, to be woven again.

6jlt gltdzha, Eouge for the face (see 4jU) ;
the polish of a poem or the gilding of the
page on which it is written; melilot ; beat-
ing of cotton ; — gMzka kardan % To tease
cotton.

a O—^ 5 gkdsiq, That part of the night
immediately succeeding the crepuscle ; the
moon.

a J-Vi gh&sil, A washer ; a washerman.
a J^-^i ghasul, A herb whence potash is
made.

g£<xsh, A sincere man; an ardent
and sincere lover ; petulant, perverse ;
stupid, dull; tumult; a cluster of unripe
grapes ; a cucumber kept for seed (see
Js>j^) ; partial ; a dissembler, hypocrite.

a s/Jtashiyat, ghdshiya, A covering;
a leather covering for a saddle or for the
hilt of a sword; a saddle-clotb, as an in-
signia of royalty carried in front of a sove-
reign ; a symbol of servitude, submissive-
ness, obedience; the day of judgment;
hell-fire ; an internal complaint, cholic,
gripes ; visitors, friends ; the pericardium.

a ■ — * ghdshiya-bdf, Maker of a
saddle-cloth or housing ; — ghdshiya-bdf ani
risk, Long-bearded men (of whose beards
housings could be made) ; according to
others, slaves of their beards (as being
mostly occupied in adorning and trimming
them).

ji t*»,\.t gkdshiya bar dosh, Obe-
dient.

j\j> g&dshiya-ddr, One who has the

care of saddles ; the angel Gabriel ; a
porter.

a <j>\& y&ds (for gAass), Pull, crammed.
a i— -oU; ghdsib, A usurper, a forcible
seizer.

a gk&zir, A hide good for tanning;
active, bestirring oneself in business.

a <_4^tt gkazif, Delicate (life) ; one in
comfortable circumstances.

a u-kli gAatis, Immersed ; covered with
a coat of mail.

^liVi gha gh dti. A bituminous stone
brought from W adi Ghiigha in Syria.

a i^Vi ghaghat, ghdgha, A confused med-
ley of people ; (in the language of the
people of 'Unuin) mint (the herb).

a tjVi gjkdf, Name of a tree bearing
sweet fruit.

a <jfcj\i gkdfai, tiJVt ghdfis, Swallow- wort
eupatory, agrimony.

( 879 ) ^Ifc

gh.dpr, Forgiving; merciful, com-
passionate.

a (jiVfc pfadfiq, Name of a fortress in
Spain.

a Jilt ghdfil, Imprudent, inconsiderate,
careless, incautious, off one's guard; negli-
gent, indolent, incurious, inattentive,
thoughtless ; unconscious ; soundly asleep ;
— g&dfil giriftan. To seize or attack un-
awares; — ghah-edda'i gkafil-nazar, An in-
considerate and improvident prince.

A "Mi gkdfil-an (P. uto\t ghafildna), Im-
prudently.

a y<$ J*^ ghdfil-gir, Attacking unawares.

a u^Vi gfaafiU, Negligence, inattention.

A jl£ ghdq, A n aquatic bird; a crow ; —
ghfiq-i, The croaking of a raven.

<*ft* ghflk, Noise, disturbance, riot, tumult,
sedition; the croaking of a raven; fraud,
deceit.

ujJ^iU gkdkuk, = q.v., of which it

is perhaps a misreadin g.

ghal (imp. of ghdlldan), Eolling,
wallowing ; a cave i n which cattle are
kept; a buiTow ; a fox's hole (probably
for j^) ; a bee-hive ; lo w ground.

A Stiall, Thirsty ; low, level ground
producing trees; a pliice where the tree
salam grows ; name of a plant.

kjJSlfc ghalalut, The Egyptian bean.

a s-J^t ghdlib, OvercoDiiing, overpowering ;
prevailing, predominant ; triumphant, vic-
torious ; a conqueror ; name of a man; also
of a place in lower Egypt ; — ghalib dmadcm
bar, To conquer, overcome, vanquish.

a ghdlib-an, CMefly, principally ;
finally, upon the whole ; mostly ; probably,
apparently.

a 6S\^}\£ g/tdlibdna, Triumphantly.

a ghdlibiyai, Vidtory, prevalence.

gJ^ ghdlij, A morning-draught of wine
(see E;^).

ghalad, He moves from side to side
(3rd aor. of ghdlldan) ■

isJyU: gfrdluJc, A play- ball ; a cannon-
ball.

ghdla, A kid.

JVfc gjidli, A carpet, tap.estry (see { J^*).

a ghali, Dear, cositly, high-priced,
precious, valuable; one who exceeds bounds;
a fanatic, a zealot ; name o:E a poet.

a )U ghaliyd-bar, Piragrant, odorife-
rous.

a ghaliyat, A kind oiF perfume (said
to have thus been called by Mu'awiyah
as " a thing precious") ; civet.

d^SLi gkalichfiy A small carpet.

yJkJii ghdlldan, To move: from side to
side (like lovers), to tumbl<3, roll, wallow ;
to surround, wheel round either in defend-
ing a friend or assailing an enemy; to in-
stigate, animate ; to start up suddenly.

a ghdlinue, Galen tide physician.

a iJli gidliya, Civet ; a c omposition of

musk, ambergris, camphor, and oil of ben-
nuts (see 4*5U).

ft ;W ghaliya-bdr. Fragrant, odorife-
rous.

a Li &J\i ghdliya-jcbat, With fragrant
down.

ntllj ghdliya-ddn, A box or casket
for musk, a scent-box or bottle.

a <uJVc ghdliya-say, Fragrant ; a per-
fumer.

a ^sy 4-Jt± ghdliya-moy, "With fragrant
hair.

a ghdmid, Filled, freighted (ship) ;
a well that overflows ; name of the father
of a tribe.

A y\± ghdmir, fem. iy\t gjidmirat, ghd-
mira, Uninhabited, uncultivated, waste,
abandoned (the opposite of 'amir) ■ over-
flowed, submersed (country); overwhelmed;
one who throws himself into difficulties
and dangers.

a <£>)j*Vi gJtamirat (pi. of gAdmirat), De-
vastated or waste places (opp. to 'amirdt
" cultivated places ").

A (jA-'Vi ghdmiz. Low-lying (place) ; ob-
scure, unintelligible (speech) ; weak, lan-
guid in making a charge or attack; low,
mean, contemptible.

u<»te ghdmi, Poor ; weak, feeble ; lean.

jJ^i ghdnj, UiVi ghdnghd, The Ganges.

A g&aniz, The windpipe, throat.

U\i ghdna, Name of a place in Arabia
where gold is found.

A ghdni, Rich ; able to do without.

A gfaaniyat, A woman despising or-
naments, satisfied with the native beauty
of her person ; a woman satisfied with her
husband's love; a girl much courted, yet
remaining contentedly unmarried in her
parents' house ; a chaste woman whether
married or unmarried ; a lady.

jte g&dv (for gdv), An ox, a cow ; a hole
in the ground made for the security of
sheep and other animals.

ghdwiji, = ^jt-j^ q.v.

a gfatiwir (for ghd'ir), Deep, profound,
abstruse ; considerate, thoughtful ; power-
ful.

tr 1 ^ ghdwash, ghdwush, A cucumber
kept for seed ; a bunch of ripe grapes.

<£fc* gh &v-shang, An ox-goad.

j^jU ghdwshu, An ardent and sincere
lover ; a cucumber for seed ; an unripe
bunch of grapes.

a J*))^ ghdwueh, A cucumber kept for
seed.

a gAdwiln (pi. of ghtiwi), Those who
are in error ; devils ; those who counte-
nance scurrilous or flattering poets.
gAawa.-Name of a mountain.

A ^Lfc ghdwl. Wandering, erring, stray-
ing; seduced ; a locust; a demon.

A ghdy (pi. of ghdyat), Ends, extre-
mities ; standards, flags.

vs* (

A s-fl*. ghtfib, Absent, latent, concealed,
invisible; the future; the invisible world ;
the invisible being, Q-od, the Deity ; (In
gram.) the third person ; — ghd'xb shudan,
To be absent, disappear, vanish.

a a\*S\t gfed'ibana, In absence, invisibly.

a jW s~*te ghitib-bfiz, A conjuror; a ne-
cromancer.

A g&dyat, g&aya, End", extremity,,
termination, final point ; the starting-post,
or the winning- post; a sovereign remedy;
a standard, flag ; — gh ayatu 'l-ghdya, For
the most part, very much — 'ilrni ghaywt,
Mathematics.

a gdid'ir, (Water) flowing down upon
lav grounds.

A- ycSM grafts, A diver.

A 1»U g]ia'ti, Low, level ground widefy
spread ; human excrement.

"A?}* gkayulc, = >aJj>^ q.v;

a &S\& gjja'ilat, gM'iTa, A misfortune^ a
secret grudge, malignity;

u^ftt Final ; — 'UTati g&a'i, The

final cause.

a gkabb, tf&ibh (y;ni),,Drmki'ng- every
second day (camels) ; — g&ibd.(j.n.% V'i'srtffng;
every alternate day ;. attaching; thus: (a* a
tertian ague) ; visiting oncea weelh; success-,,
issue, termination ; — gEibb-a; After l<0B3cu.
$d, After that ; — gkibba mw,. After w&fefi?.;:]i
—gkuVb, One who travels far nrlfemJ fiiwmi
the sea; the sea overflowing- the shotted Horn
ground whereon water lies.

a "ti g&iBff-an,. Every- second c&sjcs a£.
intervals ; seldom,, rarely..

g^uMd, The mvenfctOTi on- piNklitu&.
tibn of something new-; a man -resolutely
bent on doing- wba.fr i* rigfrfc,;; ntwittf- «£
WusbTrw an's fatter (ijee- <^*i))

a jL* ykubar, Duet;- vagotir;. ffi»g^. misti-
ness; the smallest Arabic-; or fftosian' wwtr-
ingr name of man-;- (inefr.)i vosaAiim,.
affection-, perplexity;; ownstruedi Willi Aha
vserbs afsMmhot,, Sew- hu$- cBi<fe«*». bjm^Mshe-
tern, Bcdhmf tftudkni jgoSftrm, rafttm,, mMl^«K

girifttmi niaMiMtm, <SSc;.;;— g&ithariii tm%d,
Bust raised iir hha- mill 1 wfijlB: gmading; —
ai_M&ar »-wwwv!&m,, 'Ha become^ dim (itiae- ajw) ;
g&ubdr- hor^^mwfbni TSx> dferoatatej, to
(iffsbKrr-,-~ffintddrii W$tj?-i, BtetorJhuxoB, o£
thft niihdi.attMat5r,;^-g^tff^*ii>«iyi8&* a««r,
The. dust of, venation, a-ndi disgust; — gfettiari
yatimii. The ■ taftuiled: mind 5 of orghaost.

ch, awJJ. gfeu&arr alRdbt/, , QovwxxB,, soiled,
ox defiled wit iu dust.

aiitff g&wdSVrqfiiia,, ©uetMmloiuied ;
duufc.

tj^i gi&dmw. Aif o^geacP; — ^Sutbarm, A
bomb ; a- mortar- for- throwing; shells ;•. a
fire-balloon;- a ballbom

o.ujlifi ^j*&j»i,15)a«tine8a:;j (met.)*, aflfifl>-
tibnv vexation;:— -0uSar^ gir^fym^ To, be-
come afflicted, vexed;, disturbed..

'0 ) ^

gjmbariya, Name of a mountain-
tree and its fruit.

jW* g&abdz, gkabasa, A dervish's

staff ; — ghubdz, A yoke ; a plough, a plough-
share.

_ ghabdwat (v.n. of < J t i ) T Not con-

sidering, or adverting to, from weakness of
mind ; stupidity ; inadvertency.

a s^*t ghabab, The dewlap of an ox • the
wattles of a cocfc - the loose flesh beneath
the chin ; a full chin.

a ki-tfc glial)?, (v.n.), Mixing new cheese
with butter.

* b* 4 ^ 9&<ibjr A pond, a ditch, a pool.

Aj-& gkabr (v.n.), Passing, going by;
being of a dusty colour; — gkibr, Hatred,
secret grudge ; — g]mbr, A remainder, rem-
nant (especially of mil t in the udder) ; — ■
gfeabar (gMbr?}, Swelling with matter (a
wound) ; dust, earth ; one who becomes
friendly- and obedient after having been
hostile- and refractory ; a sore in a camel's
h<w£ ; the eorrnpitron or matter of a wound ;
[^daMytttit- 'l-glj&bar, A grievous calamity,
thm Kfee of which is'- not to be found
gkaMrr, Corrtrpt ^womnd) ; — yhnoar. A sort
of iSah f name off a man; — p/i wbbar (pi. of
g&0M*}, TBose. who have passed ; those who
remain ; remainder, remnant (of catamenia,
&.c>..

& gkatirc? (fern, of agklar), Of the
coleior- of dust.; d'efsMied, obliterated (path) ;
eaatK IWnp«E j a female partridge; a country
abcHumdSng rm tre.«a; : name of a horse; a
tree -whose fruit is es Jled! iJy-** q.v.

■* ^c* 6 ghafiirat. A «lusty colour; a residue,
I'Smaiadier'; — g^ai^nnity Dost, earth ; a caua-
tcjj aftoumding- ik tress.

a <jj»*£ jbSscB«w Ufa. toe of a she-camel ; —
cfjiffbas (vji..)-, Being ssh-ealoared, being of
aidarfc eafarar..

a g&pMaish ( v.n.), Being dart (the
latter part off tilto, mi ght) ; remainder of the
night; — ^baMahs^ Dark (nigM).

A <ja*i fjhiiftas (va.hl.). Being full of white
sondes- (the- ew))..

stfia6,f (v-n/). Wishing to he tike or
equal to airtttheir without envy ; feeling the
bu/it-ocka <rJi cattle f;o asceitaia their fatness;
— %Aa£t.. g&tit,. A 1 , handful of corn when
reaping;; — -g&sinft (pL of Desirwre
to be like aaiothiisr without, eavy ; (pL of
tffaaitfj); dorsarsc o.n which camel- litters we

a gMhtpt ( v.m ef W*), Wishing to be
lika unto another withotit.enyy; uaagradging
emiilatJion ;, & h» ppy can,ditk>n ; joy, glad-
ness-;: — gjj&Btut* The- string of * leathern
wailfifc.

a s-**t gfexb.ghab r A dewlap ; the, wattles
of & cook;; a, ftill or double chin; name of
an idol;: name' oif a, hill at Miaa where
sacritfines, am ofl reietL

A- giffftm (t.q.). Laying up in a ae-

( 881 ) )X>

cret store (grain or provisions) against a
scarcity ; cheating, gulling (in sale), im-
posing upon; forgetting; being negligent,
forgetful ; deceit, fraud ; forgetfulness ;
\ghabni fdhiah (fash), A gross or notorious
fraud ; — ghabn kardan, To deceive ; — ghabn
hasMdan, To be deceived;] — ghaban (v.n.),
Being weak in mind, liable to deception;
being negligent, forgetful; mistaking,
erring • weakness of mind, defect of judg-
ment.

A gkubur (v.n. of y>k). Remaining,
being left ; departing, passing by.

a ghabi, A dolt, blockhead, fool ; —
ghubt, Negligence, inadvertancy, forgetful-
ness.

a s-**i g&ubaib, Name of a place near
Madinah ; also of a tract in Yamamah,

a <s~<i g&ablsa, Fresh butter and cheese
mixed together.

*. "V*^ gkubaird', An intoxicating drink
made from millet; the fruit of the ghabra
tree (see ; according to others, the
former is the name of the tree, the latter
that of the fruit).

A o - ** 4 ghubais (dim. of agjtbas), A
tawnyish wolf; (met.) for ever, i.e. as long
as there is a wolf to harass a sheep.

A ghatiit, Dorsers on which to fix
the camel- litters in which women travel ;
low, level ground ; name of a valley and
desert ; quicksilver.

A ghabin, Weak in mind ; a fool, a
gull ; deceived, gulled, cheated ; fraud, de-
ceit.

g&apak, A grass of which mats are

made.

<*-i ghut, ghat, An idiot, fool.

A ghatm, Suffocating heat.
ghuifar, Foolish, stupid.

ijisi ghuifara, Ignorant, inexperienced,
foolish, stupid ; 3- whoremonger.

A <±~£ ghass, Calling (anything) bad and
leaving (it) ; being full of pus, suppurating
(a wound) ; Jean ; — ghass u gamin, Lean
and fat; (met.) little and much- good and
bad ; Btrong and weak ; rich and poor.

A (jhusa, gktissd', Foam, decayed
leaves of trees, bits of wood, or any rub-
bish dirtied by foam carried down by the
stream.

A S»Ut ahamsat (v.n. of *±~*), Being
Jean (sheep or meat).

A jit ghatr (v.n.), Waving with grass,
being verdant (the earth); — ghusr (pi. of
ag&sar). The rabble, the lowest of the low ;
—ghflsar, Nap, pile ; fringe.

A ghasm (v.n.), Giving the best part
of one's property at once ; — giiusm, A bread-
crumb.

A ijyii ghasusat, = q.v.

A ^ gAcisy (v.n.), Carrying down sticks
and leaves (a river) ; mixing, jumbling
together (words) ; — also gjmsaytin,

(v.n. of (jii), Being disturbed (mind) ;
being overcast (sky).

A vt~££ gha,s\s (v.n. of <i*fc), Discharging
matter (a wound) ; lean ; pus, matter.

<£ V^i gMchak, A kind of late, guitar, or
violin.

jty *aA^£ gkichak-nawaz, g^ichakl,
A player on the ghichak.

^j**** g&achmiik, A frog.

a ([had. Morrow ; — gkadd (v.n.), Being
afflicted with pestilence (camel).

A p^Ji ghada , Meat, victuals, provisions ;
breakfast ; — [ghadd'i jismdni, Nourishment
for the body ; — gkadd'i rilhani. Food for the
soul, spiritual food ;] — ghaddd', Name of a
man.

a S\jM ghadat, Morning ; the interval
between dawn and sunrise.

a ttfj± gid&ad (pi. of gfiadtlat), Portions;
parts; glands; wens; (pi. of giddd) camels
infested with the plague.

a ghiddr (v.n. 3 of j>^), Leaving, re-
linquishing ; remaining ; — ghadddr, f em.
*jW ghadddrat, gAadddra, Fraudulent, per-
fidious ; a traitor ■, — an ghadd&ri bad-kirddr,
That perfidious traitor; — in gjtadddri khun-
rez, This treacherous blood-shedder.

a fcjW £&addra, The broad, point of a
spear ; a copper vessel ; an hour-glass ; —
gMdara, An iron helmet.

a (jjtJj* ghadddri, Perfidy, fraud, decep-
tion.

a ijlJti ghudaf, A black crow ; a vulture
with thick plumage ; long black hair ; a
black wing.

a ^J>\.s£ ghudaf i, Dark (night).

iall,Afc ghaddk, = nsJj** q.v. (doubtful).

Ay\Mgh,add'ir (pi. of gAadirat), Women'*
curls.

a SjJ; gj^uddat, ghudda, A wart or wen
which gives no pain ; the pestilence in
camels ; a part, portion (of wealth, <fec.) ; —
ghudda' i wazi, The prostate gland.

a jjit glyxdad, The pestilence in camels ; —
ghudud (pi. of ghuddat), Wens, glands ;—
ghidnd, A hard lump formed in the flesh,
a glandular swelling.

a ghadr (v.n.), Acting perfidiously,
breaking a treaty or agreement ; persecu-
ting ; drinking pond-water ; perfidy, fraud,
treachery ; malignity, hostility ; villainy,
base ingratitude; noise, bustle; [ahli ghadr,
Perfidious, cruel, malignant ;] — giadar
(v.n.). Being dark (night) ; drinking rain-
water ; having their fill on the pasture-
ground (cattle) ; remaining behind the
flock (a she-cainel, &c.) ; hard, stony, gra-
velly ground ; ground full of holes or ruts ;
[sabtu n-ghadar, Firm (in battle, &c.) ;]—
ghudar, A sink, drain, sewer ; water left by
a flood ; treacherous ; name of a city in
Yaman; (pi. of ghadlr) ponds, ditches,
stagnant waters ; — ghudur, Knaves, rogues.

)^ ( J

j At g&adar, Breast of a garment ; a
breast-plate.

kfljii gkadrak, A breast-plate ; a warlike
instrument.

)^ ghndz, A heliotrope (flower).

y^Ji gMdaghan, Speed, hurry; confusion.

A giadf (v.n.), Giving liberally ; —
giadaf, Plenty, abundance ; cheapness.

a yUit gbidfdn (pi. of ghuddf), Black
crows ; vultures with thick plumage.

iji^t ghudfara, A atupid fellow.

a ja£ ghfidaq (v.n.), Flowing plentifully
(water) ; plenty of water ; — bi'ri ghadaq,
Name of a well in MadiDah.

a yAi ghsxdan (v.n.), Being soft and
smooth ; softness, smoothness, gentleness ;
languor, relaxation, indolence ; somnolency,
drowsiness.

giadany, Disproportioned, ill-
shaped ; rude, unpolished ; restless ; stupid.

)^t. ghadu, A drink prepared from millet.

a j-** ghadw (v.n.), Coming in the morn-
ing; the morrow; — gAuduw (v.n. of
Doing anything in the morning ; morning,

A ffkudwat (v.n. of jJ*), Coming in
the morning ; the interval between dawn
and sunrise.

jjji ghadud, A gland, wren, &c. (= A,

a ghadur, Fraudulent, most perfi-
dious (man or woman).

a tj^ fl&adi, Matinal; eating in the
morning.

a j>M gjiadlr, A ditch, pool, stagnant
water ; a sword ; name of a man ; also of a
valley in Egypt ; — gfaiddir, Very perfidious.

a gh azz (v.n.). Swelling, suppurating
(a wound).

a »1 Afc g&iza', Meat or drink, diet, provi-
sion, food, victuals ; aliment, nutriment ;
(pi. of gistziy) fcetuses, or new-born young
of sheep, #c. ; — ghizd chidan (Tchwurdan),
To take food, to make a meal.

a fi* ghazm (v.n.), Giving away the best
part of one's property ; eating with diffi-
culty ; eating greedily ; — ghazam. A kind of
herb; — ghuzam, A sort of bitter plant.

f ghwr, A whore ; a coward ; a lazy, in-
dolent fellow ; — gikiir, Ruptured ; having
large testicles ; filling the mouth with air,
and striking it so that the air escapes
with noise ; swelling in the neck, a wen ;
rupture.

A jt. gha .Tr (v.n.), Deceiving, flattering,
feeding with vain hopes, cajoling, coaxing ;
feeding her young (a bird) ; a wrinkle (in
the skin), fold (in a garment), cleft (in the
ground) ; sharpness or edge of a sword ; a
place in the desert ; — g&irr, Unskilled, in-
experienced, raw ; — ghurr, That wherewith
a bird feeds her young ; a certain water-
fowl ; anything white or bright ; a white
forehead ; (pi. of ag£arr) most illustrious
or noble (men).

2 ) \p

a \)± g&ura, White, bright ; the sun.

A Aji gbara', gkifa (v. a. of Being
devoted, wholly given up to ; — giird* (v.n.
3 of^), Joining, subjoining; glue; isin-
glass ; — g&arrd' (fern, of agi&rr), White,
bright, splendid, illustrious, noble ; dis-
tinguished by a white star on the forehead
(a mare) , intense (noon-day heat) ; name
of Madinah ; a certain white-headed bird ;
an aromatic plant.

a ^Aji ghurab, The curved part of the
edge of a sword or of an axe (with which
the blow is struck) ; a crow, raven, rook,
jackdaw; ice, hail, snow; a kind of ship,
a grab, corvette ; the back part of the
head ; the prominent part of the buttocks
of horses or camels; surname of a man;
name of a place at Damascus ; also of a
horse ; — g^urdbu 'l-bain, A certain bird
with red legs and beak ; (met.) the signal
of separation ; — ghurdbi ssamin, A dark
night ; — rvjlu 'l-g&urdb, Crows-foot (an
herb, otherwise called J^^W q.v., efficacious
in the treatment of leprosy).

a yJkiras (pi. of gharsan, ghar^a),

Hungry (men or women).

gkoA-acha, Infamous, unmanly, a
catamite; a contented cuckold, a pimp to
his own wife, a wittol ; ignorant, foolish ;
name of a country.

a g&irada, A helmet, a piece of

armour.

a gMrar (v.n. of /*), Feeding its
young (a bird), putting bill into bill ; re-
turning improperly a salutation; a defici-
ency in the performance of ablutions,
prostrations, and prayers ; being dull
(market) ; a little sleep ; slumber ; haste,
speed ; a way, mode, manner ; model, figure,
form, mould ; edge of a sword, point of a
spear or arrow ; a sack made of goats' hair ;
— ghurar, Name of a mountain in Tihainah.

A 'jV 1 ghardrat (v.n.), Being white (the
face) ; being inexperienced, unacquainted
with the use of things, &c.

a Sjl^fc ghardra, Washing, rinsing the
mouth; — [g&ardra Icardcm, To rinse the
mouth;] — gjiirdra, A helmet; a gardener's
sack with meshes.

a jty gh/urdz (for P. gtirdx), Pompous,
haughty ; frowning ; bold, brave.

a ,_s;^ giurdzi, Pompousness, haughti-
ness; frown; boldness, bravery (see the
preceding).

g&ards, Sadness, sorrow.

A u^j* gh&rds, Whatever is voided by
one who has taken a cathartic draught ; —
gAirds, The season proper for planting ; a
sapling, a young plant; (pi. of gfaars) sap-
lings.

ghardeh, A fracture, rent, scratch,
wound; rage; force, violence; grief.

(jx^y* guards hidan, To chide; to be
angry; to scratch.

\p ( 883 )

»AjA\j£ ghardshida, Angry ; scratched.

ghiraf, A count, an earl (Q-. Graf,
probably through Kussian).

a u>\j± ghiraf, A large measure for dry
goods; (pi. of gkurfat) draughts of water.

a j«V gh&rwm, Desire, cupidity, greedi-
ness ; a fine, mulct ; torture, torment ; a
tedious calamity, destruction, perdition,

UUfc ghardmd, = Uji q.v.

a Wji g&ardmat, A debt which must be
paid ; a fine.

a sjj utv»l^£ gharamat-zada, Mulcted ; —
gharamat-mda shudan, To be fined,

0^* gharrdn, Iron (doubtful) ; — ghurran
(part, of ghurridan), Roaring, vociferating ;
Taxations, fierce.

A fc>y> ghurran (pi. of agha/rr), White;
illustrious ; name of a place ; (pi. of gharir)
excellent dispositions ; sureties ; lives free
from care; bubbles on water.

6Aj>^ gharanida, Angry, furious, en-
raged.

^JjV 5 gharaurang, Large ; — gMraurang,
A great throne (cf. p. 190).

As-ft^tg&ara'ib (pi. oigharibaf), Strange,
extraordinary things.

a uuLftjfc gkardHbat (pi. of the preceding),
Strange or wonderful things.

a ghnra'ir (pi. of gkir&rat), Sacks.

a gharb (v.n.), Being hid ; going,
departing, going to a great distance or to
one side ; the place where the Bun sets ;
sunset; the West; Africa; being Bhed
(tears) ; the Sowing of tears ; a lachrymal
duct ; abundance of spittle in the mouth,
spawl, sputter ; a day of watering ; a water-
bag; a large bucket; beginning, or first of
anything ; the first course, race, or starting
of a fleet horse; the edge of a sword;
sharpness of tongue ; the most prominent
part, edge, sharpness of anything ; a reed,
a reed-pen ; the outer or inner corner of
the eye ; a swelling in the inner corners of
the eye ; a pimple in the eye ; a sturdy
kind of tree common in Hijaz ; [sahmi
gharb, An arrow from an unknown hand ;]
— sfkwrb, Distance from home; (pi. of
ghurdb) crows, ravens; — gkarab (v.n.),
Being very black ; being obscure, unintel-
ligible ; wine ; silver, gold ; a silver cup, a
goblet, a bowl ; water dripping from the
backet while drawing from the well ; the
odour of water or mud; a distemper inci-
dent to sheep ; blueness in the eye of a
horse; the white poplar ; a willow ; [sahmi
gkarab, =: sahmi gharb above;] — ghurdb, A
foreigner ; rare, strange ; name of a place ;
— ghurrab, Name of a mountain in Syria.

A B^jt ghuraba' (pi. of gharib), Strangers,
foreigners, aliens ; travellers ; poor people ;
beggars ; in P. also used as a singular, a
beggar, &c.

ghflrbdsang, = *sSi^U^fc q.v. for
which it is probably a misreading.

a JW^ ghirbdl, A large sieve, riddle,
screen ; a drum ; a slanderer, whisperer ; —
ghirbali db-gun, The sky, firmament ; —
ghirbal hardan, To sift ; to investigate.

a ^ J^tjt ghirbdl-band, A sieve-maker.

a yty* gkirbdn (pi. of ghurdb), Crows.

a gkarbat, Distant; distance, longia...
quity ; — ghurbat (v.n. of v^), Travelling,
departing, removing ; being far from coun-
try and friends ; distance from home ;
foreign travel ; exile ; condition of a stran-
ger ; humility, lowliness ; wretchedness.

d^*}* gharbatdn, A roller for smoothing
the flat roofs of houses ; a cuckold, pimp to
his own wife.

a tii^ vi~}jfc ghurbat-dida, <*->jt ghurbat-
zada, Oppressed with misery, wretched,
miserable.

as i^jS i^yi ghurbat-giray, Given to tra-
velling.

gharbad, A blemished bride.
A, 3\>ji gharbalat, gharbala (v.n. of Jty*),
Sifting, seeching ; riddling ; a certain
mode of coition.

ghurba. Hiding tears, weeping
secretly.

a tjtjr 6 gkarbi, West, western, westerly ;
exposed to the setting sun ; a sort of date ;
a red dye ; wine prepared from unripe
grapes without fermentation.

a w+etjt gharbib, g&irbib, Very black ; the
best kind of grape.

ghwrblr, J*?^ gharbil, A sieve.
gharbila, Alternate motion and rest.

a ijt ghirrat, ghirra (v.n. of J*), De-
ceiving or flattering ; inexperience ; care-
lessness, inattention, thoughtlessness ;
[ghirra ehudan, To be deceived, cheated ; —
'ald-ghirrat-in, Unawares, without notice,
off one's guard ; — 'an ghirrat-in, Through
negligence Or inattention ;] — ghurrat,
ghurra (v.n. of J*), Being white, having a
white spot ; whiteness, brightness ; a blaze
on the forehead of a horse (larger than a
dirham) ; the new moon ; the first night of
the moon (properly of a lunar moon, but
also applied to a solar one) ; the most ex-
cellent of anything ; noble, illustrious ; a
lord, chief of a people ; a servant, male or
female ; a slave, captive, boy or girl ; —
ghurra'i in daulati roz.afziin, The founder
(or foundation) of this daily-increasing
empire ; — ghurra'i mdhi muharram, The be-
ginning of the month Muharram; — ghurra'i
ndsiyati saltanat u iqbal, The star on the
forehead of the state and its prosperity.
ghurta, Clamour, vociferation, noise,
i. Jujt aharas. A being hungry, hunger-

in B\

yU-^ji gha*)istdn, Georgia.

gharcha, Ignorant, stupid ; in-
famous ; a catamite ; a contented cuckold ;
name of an ally of Af riisiyal ; Georgia ; an
inhabitant of Georgia,

( 884 )

A <ij£ g&ard, A house of reeds ; a house
roofed with plants ; a certain building appro-
priated to the governors of Surr-man-ra'a ;
a habitation for the summer ; — ghard, gh ird.
g&arad, A species of mushroom ; a kind of
shoe made of rushes; — gfrarad (v.n.), Sing-
ing, warbling; the motion of the body
whilst singing ; — gharid, ghird, Singing
(bird) ; — ghirad, "Warbling, melodious
(voice) .

J" 5 / 4 g&ar-dil, Timid, cowardly-hearted.
gharda, A wheel ; — gjiurda, A tumour,

wen.

a gharar (v.n.), Having a white spot
(the forehead) ; personal risk, exposure of
oneself to danger; guarantee, pledge; —
ghurar (pi. of ghurrat). The first three
nights in the month ; ornaments ; (pi. of
agharr) white; illustrious ; — ghurar u durar,
Ornaments and pearls ; (met.) rhetorical
phrases.

a 'xfi gharz (v.n.), Piercing, pricking,
poking (with a sword, needle, or sting) ;
Btitching, sewing ; fixing the tail into the
ground for laying eggs (locust) ; having
but little milk (she-camel) ; putting the
foot in a stirrup when going to mount ;
yielding obedience after having been rebel-
lious ; a leathern stirrup ; a sucker en-
grafted into the trunk of a vine ; — gharaz,
Very bad herbage or bog-rush ; (in P.)
a kind of the herb shepherds-staff.

J \) ghar-zdd, A son of a whore.

y)/ ghar-zan, A strumpet.

u^jb ghare, ghirs, Kage, paBsion, excite-
ment ; soon angry ; wearied ; — ghirs, A
scratch.

a o*^ ffhars (v.n.), Planting, setting
(trees); a plant, a sapling; [bi'ri ghars,
Name of a well at Madinah ; — wddl 'l-ghara,
A valley near Fadak ;] — ghirs, A mucous
substance which proceeds from the womb
at birth ; a membrane covering the head of
a new-born camel ; the caul ; a black crow.

^-y> gharsd, The herb elecampane.

i-A^ ghareh, Force ; a scratch; anger; —
gMrsh, Abhorrence, loathing; — ahurrish,
Force ; anger.

a v>;* gharth, The fruit of a certain tree.

^r* gkarsha, Anger.

u^Aj* gkurrisht, The roaring of a lion ;
the braying of an ass ; the neighing of a
horBe.

<u&j* ghurshna,, Name of a herb eaten
when fresh, and serving, when dry, for
washing the hands.

^A-Aji gharsMdan, To be angry.

sjuAji gharshida, Angry.

A gharz (v.n.), Q-irthing (a camel) ;
filling a vessel ; not filling (it) quite full ;
the space of a vessel, &c, not completely
filled, which remains void ; taking, receiv-
ing, cutting, gathering (anything) while
fresh or new; weaning (a kid) before the

proper time ; the breast- strap of a camel ; —
gAurz, ghuruz (pi. of ghurzat), Girths of
camels' saddles ; breast-Btraps ; — gharaz
(v.n.), Being tired of, disgusted with;
having a strong inclination for, longing,
desiring greatly ; fearing ; ennui, languor,
vexation ; wish, desire, craving ; aim, mo-
tive, view, intention ; machination, inte-
restedness, selfishness ; rancour, spite,
malignity, hatred ; a butt or mark for
archers; (used adverbially, mostly with
the article) to state my intention, to sum
up ; briefly, in short ; [gharazi khafi, Con-
cealed malevolence, secret grudge; — gharaz
kardan, To persecute, conspire against,
entertain a secret but mortal grudge ; to
lay a train for the ruin of another ; to
intend ; — arbdbi gharaz, Self-interested per-
sons, intriguers; — al-gharaz. Upon the
whole, to sum up, in short, in fine (see
above) ; — ha gharaz, Deliberately, on pur-
pose (see also u&^W p. 148) ; — li-gharazi-hi,
For his own sake;] — ghiraz (v.n.), Being
fresh (meat, fruit, <fcc).

a U*^ yAji gharaz- dshnd, Oj!^ u^r* gharaz-
dlud, Interested, selfish, designing.

a u* J /f u*r* gharaz- dludagi, Defilement
by selfishness.

a u 4 ^ gjiaraz-aluda, Tainted with,
defiled by, selfishness.

a w*r* gharaz-dmez, Malicious ; selfish,
interested.

a ii^yt g£arazdna, Malevolently ; —
wiahabbati bl-gharazdna, Disinterested love.

A &±y> ghirzat, ghurzat, The girth of a
camel's saddle ; a camel's breast-strap.

a ^f>- yAji gharaz-joy, and —

a -w^i gftarazmand, Self-interested ; de-
sirous, wishing for.

a ^Ai+^yk gharazmandi, Selfishness.

* cs^r 4 gharazi, Interested, self-seeking,
designing, artful.

s->^r* g&arghdb, Noise, clamour ; a whirl-
pool.

gharghdn, A cooking pot.

jKbjt gharghdv, A wild ox, a buffalo.

a fy^ gh ar gh ar. Axis, axle, cylinder, or
barrel around which the rope is coiled in
drawing water ; — ■ ahirghir. The Guinea-
hen or jungle-fowl ; a kind of herb ; — ghur-
ghur, Ruptured ; having large testicles ;
a man muttering with rage.

a i^j* ghargharal, ghargfaara (v.n. oij&jt),
Gargling; making a bubbling noise (as
boiling water) ; a rattling sound in the
throat ; death-rattle ; a guttural noise
made by a shepherd ; a fracture in the
gristle of the nose ; a gargarism, gargle ; —
ghurghurat, A noble illustrious man ; a
white star or blaze on the forehead of a
horse ; the maw, crop (of a birdl.

* 8 r*r* gh.argha.ra, The cylinder or axis
about which the rope is entwined in draw-

I*

( 885 )

mg water; — ghirghhira, A jungle-fowl; —
ghurghura, Eupture ; murmuring, mutter-
ing.

ghwrghasha. Dispute, causeless

quarrel.

gharghan, ghar gh in. A kind of
leather of which shoes are made.

^^fi gharghanja, gharghunja, A lewd
woman.

ghwrghand, A kind of leather.

iiitjfc gharghanda, Cordovan.

A <_yi gharf (v.n.), Taking up (water in
the hand) ; tanning with the plant gh arf
or gharaf ■ cutting the forelocks ; clipping,
polling, shearing ; — gharf, gharaf, Name of
a tree used in tanning; — gh araf (v.n.),
Being griped from feeding on the tree
gharf or gharaf; the plant sumdm, or this
plant as long as it is fresh and green ; —
ghiraf (pi. of ghirfat), Slippers; — ghuraf
(pi. of ghurfat), Upper apartments, parlours,
supper-rooms.

a iijt gharf at, One draught out of the
hand ; a single cutting, clipping, or shear-
ing ; — ghirfat, A sandal or slipper; — ghurfat,
A parlour, upper apartment, room for taking
meals ; paradise, the seventh heaven ; a
box in a theatre (m.c.) ; a draught of water,
as much as one drinks at once.

eV* ghurfuj, Wormwood ; touchwood.

a <j*J;£ ghurfish, Reproof, intimidation,
bullying (that of a coward that affects
bravery).

G^j* ghurfanj, Euptured; having large
testicles.

A Jy 4 gharaq, generally pronounced
ghark (v.n. of j/^), Sinking, being sub-
merged or drowned ; submersion ; a drown-
ing ; coition ; drowned, sunk ; overwhelmed ;
absorbed, deep in; [gharqi paran, Coitus
perfectus totum immittendo membrum ; —
gharqi chashma'i simdb, Fascinated by
worldly objects; — gharqi chashma'i qlr,
Diving; grovelling in the world ; sunset; —
gharq shudan, To be drowned, to sink ; —
gharq kardan, To drown; to dive to the
bottom, to plunge ;] — ghariq, Drowned,
immersed; [ghariqu 's-saut, One whose
voice is drowned, and unable to speak from
terror;] — ghuraq (pi. of ghurqat), Draughts
(of milk).

a >T*\ijt gh arqab. Deep water ; a whirl-
pool ; a shipwreck gharqab shudan, To
sink, be drowned ; — khatari gharqab, Dan-
ger of shipwreck.

a &ijt ghurqat, One draught (of milk) ; —
ghariqat, Very humid, saturated with mois-
ture (land).

a gjiarqad, A species of large trees,
or of the thorn 'ausaj ; the white of an
egg;— baqi'u 'l-gharqad, The cemetery of
Madinah (because formerly abounding in
those trees).

a gharq-shuda, Drowned,

a gharqa, Drowned ; — gharqa shudan,
To be drowned.

a stf «j£ gharqa-gah, Deep water from
which one cannot extricate oneself.

A Jji/i gkarqa, (pi. of ghariq, ghariq, or
ghariq), Drowned ; — gharqi (in the parlance
of Sodomites), Coition ; — matd'i- gharqi,
Membrum virile.

a J; 4 gharil, A man of a loosely-built
frame ; a long spear.

a iiiji ghurlat, The foreskin, prepuce.

IV 4 gharm, gharam, Anger ; a tax ; —
ghurm, A mountain-sheep ; a horned fight-
ing ram.

a gharm (v.n.), Paying or owing a
fine.

^•jt gharmd, A weight of two grains,
half a dram (unsupported by examples;

see

a »Uj£ ghurama' (pi. of gharlm), Debtors ;
creditors.

is£j~X*yk gharmasang, gharamdsang. A
cake fried in butter.

cA^r 4 gharman, Angry, passionate, cho-
leric.

<^") l ^V fc gharmdnush, Dragonwort.
gharwiij, Carraways.
gharmich, Coriander- seed.

ij^tjis gharmunda, Passionate.

yjie^ gharmidan, To fly in a passion ; to
chide, reproach ; to thunder ; to murmur,
mutter; to roar, bray; to rock a child in
the cradle.

S -Vj i gh.arm.ida., Enraged, indignant.

fcJr 4 - gharan, Loud weeping and sobbing.

a gharnatat, Grenada in Spain ;

according to others, Kanatakin Hindustan.

s-jj* ghurumb, = q.v.

U^j^ ghurumbish, A loud and dreadful
noise made by a man or beast; thunder.

ghurumbanda, Thundering, roar-
ing.

Mj* ghurumba, Exclamation, clamour ;
a tumult ; a walking-stick.

yA-j^ ghurumbidan, To thunder; to
bray, roar.

j^r 4 gharanj, Barley; a dish made of
barley ; a hook with which bread is taken
out of the oven.

tr^Y 1 ghiranjagh, Barley.

s-ijjc ghurfanda, Roaring, fierce (lion).

^.r 6 gharang, yhirang, A noise in the
throat when sobbing or being strangled;
noise, tumult; — gharang. ghurang, Weep-
ing, lamentation, groaning.

a jyyi ghumuq, A braided lock of hair ;
= .3**/ q-v.

ij*^ 4 ghamiehi, Intense cold.

A ij-iy* ghurnaiq, ghirniq. A tender,
comely youth ; a black water-fowl with a
long neck; according to others, a crane or
bird resembling it.

gharv, A reed, an uncut reed or pen ;
a musical pipe made of a reed.

( 886

A jp* a&arw (v.n.), Glueing ; adhering (as
fat to the heart) ; being filled with wonder,
surprised ; wonder.

g&arwd, An uncut reed-pen.

*s£t~>))jk cfharwasom-g, = *aXj~.Uj£ q.v., for
which it is probably a misreading.

lMjj^ gh&rwash, A plant resembling a
brush used by weavers ; the herb elecam-
pane ; — gharawash, Anger, indignation ;
Badness, sorrow ; a scratch with the nails.

**\y* gitarwdaha, A herb with which
weavers sprinkle their cloth, or curriers
anoint leather ; anger.

a g&uriib (v.n. of s-^), Setting (as
the sun or moon) ; the west; (pi. of gharb)
the corners of the eyes ; teeth, and their
sharpness.

ghuruba, Exclamation, cry, clamour.
g&arutamj, Euptured ; having large
testicles.

a gharud, A bride whom her husband
finds not a virgin.

a gharur, A deceiver ; the world ;
Satan, the devil ; a gargle ; — ghurur (v.n.
of ■$*), Deceiving, flattering, feeding with
false hopes ; pride, presumption, vain-glory,
folly ; (pi. of g]iarr) folds in garments ;
(pi. of ghdrr) Trifles, things with which,
one is amused and deceived ; construed
with the verbs bar-arastan, khwurdan. shi-
kattan, &c. ; — g&urur kharldan, To behave
proudly.

a t£y; t ghururl, Pride, haughtiness, vain-
glory.

^ir* gAwumbct,, Noise, clamour, outcry.

©•*tjr* gkurwidan, To mate a noise ; to
thunder (doubtful).

Ojiir* gharwlmn, A sieve.

a V s 9& WTra >-i gMrra, Haughty, proud ; de-
ceived ; cross ; pride ; — gbtxrra, budan (ehu-
dan), To be deceived ; to deceive oneself ; —
giurra, New moon ; the first day of a (lunar)
month. (See also A. Sj£.)

vs&i-X>.£ g^arydsang, A kind of pancake
fried in butter (see SSj-^jk) .

a fcMj* g&arib, Uncommon, strange, out-
landish, foreign ; extraordinary • rare ; a
foreigner, stranger ; poor, needy ; humble,
gentle, docile; — al-g&arib lea 'l-a'ma, A
stranger is like one blind ; — mardi ghartb,
A foreign man, a foreigner.

a <5iUjijfc g^ari&diMX, Eit for the poor ;
humble ; like a poor person ; humbly.

a jjy* s-iji gJtarib-parwar, Cherisher of the
poor.

& tsjjyi srty* gJkwnb-'parwa'in, Kindness to
the poor.

a gharibat, g^arlba, Anything rare,
strange, or elegant ; a poor woman.

a, u\&. ghnrlb-khana, The humble

dwelling (of your servant), my house.

a s->\j s-i^ gjiarib-zdda, The son of a
whore, a bastard.

a )V * T *^ gkarib-na'waz,K.m&t(i strangers.

) <3J^

a gharib-riawdxl, Courtesy or

attention to strangers, hospitality j kindness
to the poor.

a ^i}^ gharibi, Foreignness, strangenees ;
indigence ; humility ;— gk/iribl kardan, To
travel, become a stranger.

gharicM, Intense cold ; winter.

a ^ijt g&arfd, A bride falsely given as a
virgin (see ^^).

CJ-Hj* g&urHdan, gkuridan, To thunder;
to cry with a loud voice ; to roar, bray ; to
yawn, stretch.

o* 4 ^^ gkurridane, A scream, a shout.

a g^arir, Simple, deceived, inexpe-
rienced ; a raw youth, easily imposed upon ;
a noble disposition, an agreeable temper;
a surety, caution.

Uj*/ 5 ghareran, Black mud lying at the
bottom of a pond.

gharlz, Meekness, gentleness, for-
bearance.

a ghuraitt, Name of a river.

CjV^r 4 gharemn, A sieve.

a ly.jt gharimt, Nature ; (a camel) abound-
ing in milk.

Ojir* gharemn, Mud at the bottom of a
pond ; a sieve.

a ijfif* gkarwi, Inuate, natural ; — hard-
rati gAarMya, Natural heat.

t&ijijL g&arizhang, Black mud at the
bottom of a pond.

A tj~>j£ gMftrls, A sheep ■, a sheep called to
be milked by uttering the word gkare
ghars.

A tAj* gharlz, Mowers of the palm-tree ;
anything fresh, bright, and shilling ; rain-
water ; an excellent singer.

a (_4>j£ gharif, A reed-bed, a papyrus-
bed ; a thick forest ; — g&iryaf, A soft and
limber kind of plant ; the papyrus.

G 4jj£ giarefaj , ^.y^ gjiarefazh, {J^ijk gfrare-
fash, Mud, clay ; high ground from which
boys slide down.

a g&ariq, Immersed, sunk, drowned,
shipwrecked ; a drowned or drowning per-
son ; cased (in armour) ; — gh&rlqi amwdji
bihar, Swallowed by the waves of the sea ;
— akdrlqi rahmat, Overwhelmed with mercy,
drowned in the mercy of God.

a- (Jfc^ g&ariq-ab, Deep, out of one's
depth.

a gfiarim, A debtor ; a creditor.
i^Jj' gka/rln (for 'arln), A forest, wood,
thicket ; covert, haunt, place of resort (of
the lion, tiger, &c).

a g]j, ar i n> ghiryan, Eolly ; thin clay ;
clay left by a flux of water, whether moist
or dry ; dirty water at the bottom of a
pond ; fresh butter.

tj-*i£ gkurrinish, gjturrina, Exclama-
tion, clamour, tumult (= q.v.).

ghirm, Clamour, exclamation, lamen-
tation, complaint, groaning, crying, howling,
shrieking ; uproar, tumult, mob.

( 887 )

©Vj* ffkirewan, SAiy^t gjvrewanda, One
who laments or exclaims.

gkirewldan, To exclaim, lament,
make a clamour.

gfauz, Name of a Turkish people given
to Tobbery.

a Aft gjiaza' (v.n.), Waging war; a war,
a raid; — g£uzzd' (pi. of ghdzi). Soldiers;
generals.

a SUi ghaxdt, A warlike expedition against
infidels; battle; — gfy uzdt (pi. of gh dzi).
Warriors, soldiers, heroes, champions.

a Sj\)fc ghazdrat, ghazdra, (v.n. of yft),
Being plentiful (milk) ; abounding in milk
(cattle) ; plenty, abundance,

a Jfyfc ghazal, A fawn just able to walk,
or till it can run at full speed ; (met.) a
deliaate young person ; agreeable ; the
sun ; name of a village appertaining to
Tus, whence Ghazali is said to originate
(see (jM) c below) ; \_gh,amli sha'bdn, Name
of an insect; — ghazali ka'ba, Certain fawns
that, in the times of ignorance, are said to
have been found, in the well Zamzam, and
suspended in the Ka'bah ; — damn 'l-ghazdl,
Name of a biting herb ; tarragon ;] — gjtazzdl,
A vendor of cotton-thread.

a ti^y; g&azalan, Singers, musicians.

A KYft ghazdlat, gkazdla, A young deer,
fawn, roe, gazelle ; (met.) the sun, light,
rays, especially the sun's mid-day radiance ;
— ghazdlatu 'z-zuhd, Breakfast, luncheon ;
— gkazdla'i falak, The sun ; the sign Aries ;
— fea.'bu. 'l-ghaznl, A kind of sugar.

a (jilyi ghazali, A native of Ghazal ; sur-
name of a noted Imam, thus called, how-
ever, according to others, because he used
to sell in the markets cotton-thread spun
by his mother (from jy* ghazedl, q.v.).

a 5yc ghazmt, Gaza in Palestine (the
birthplace of the Imam Shafi'i).

y^)£ g/iaz gh an. ^tft ghazghand. A kind
of leather; a cauldron.

a J)t gh azl (v.n.), Spinning; spun;
thread, twist ; — ghazal (v.n.), Speaking in
the language of love or in verse ; making
love to women ; stopping short in the pur-
suit of a fawn astonished at its voice (a
dog) ; an ode, a short poem, a sonnet ; —
gkaztl, A poet, writer of erotic poetry ; one
who makes love to women.

t J} 4 ghidl-aldy (for ^\ Jy q.v.),
(reel-spotted) A trout (m.c.).

a ySji grfiizldn (pi. of ghazal), Fawns,
gazelles, antelopes.

fc>V~ g&a-zal-khpun, A repeater of odes.

a J;^ ghaeal-khwdni, The recital of
odes.

a (^■ilyi gkazl-ddn, A basket in which a
women lays up her thread when sewing.

a J_ji gh azal-ggrd. Singing, or singer
of, an ode.

a ijftj- Jj^ gJiazal-sard'i, The singing of
an ode or odes,

a isfi J)* gkazal-goy, A reciter of odea.

g&uzlfddwar, A copper vessel.
A *sA«S)fc ghazliydt, Odes.

ghuzm, Fear ; anger, passion; hatred,
<&*^ g&uznak, A herb used in washing
clothes.

y>* ghaznu, gJtama, ^Jft g&azni, t>*J>*
gh aznm. Ghaznah.

a ghaznawi, Of or belonging to

Ghaznah ; surname of Sultan Mahmud.

a gkaznawiyah, The dynasty founded
by Sultan Mahmud.

a jft ghazw (v.n.), Making war, going
against an enemy ; intending, purposing ;
aim, intent, purpose.

a jJj* g&azir, Copious, plentiful, ample j
abounding in milk (cattle), water (a foun-
tain), tears (eyes).

jj!)* ghmyiir, ghutslwar (?), A copper pan.

ji ghazh, Crawling on one's posteriors
(like a child).

0^5* ghuzhdn, Name of an Indian fruit.

v r J 3 i ghuehb, A grape-berry separated
from the stalk ; a grape-stone ; also the
skin of a grape ; a cluster of dates ; a cow's
teat ; anger.

jj' ghazhazh, Name of a very bitter herb.
gh ask gh d. j^'j^ gkuzhghdw, A sea-
horse or cow, of the hair of whose tailg
the make little tufts to hang round the
necks of horses, as well for ornament as to
defend them from fascinating eyes ; a sort
of ox found on the mountains of Tibet.

3*J fc ghazhgJiazh, vfifi ghazhghfizha, A
jungle- fowl (cf. a j^ft, tyft)-

y^iji g£azhgkazhdn, Creeping, crawling.

jUrji ghazliqdv, = q.v.

ghizhah, A lute, harp, kind of vio-
lin (see u^^).

(•ji ghuzhm, A grape-stone or seed ; anger;
rage ; hatred ; vindictiveness ; a wart.
ghazhang, — aXijt q.v.

gj^y; ghuzhulidan, To be diligent, at-
tentive, to make haste.

tj^Sji ghazhidan, To accumulate, pile up,
storey upon storey ; to be heaped one upon
another ; to pick, gather ; to be demolished ;
to hitch forward or backward on the but-
tocks (as children or cripples).

S-Wj* gh azhlda, Stuck together.

a <j~± gAass (v.n.), Entering into and
travelling over (a country) ; accusing, re-
proaching ; launching a ship into water ;
driving away a cat by the word gAis; —
gh is. An exclamation to drive away a cat;
repealed ghis gMs, it is used to call a cat ;
— gh/uss, Weak, languid ; worthless man or
men.

V~i ghasd, An unripe date.
a <j»U-£ giusds, A disease incident to
camels.

a t gkasdg. ghassdq, A cold, clammy,
fetid humour, supposed to flow from the
damned.

Ut. ( 888 ) ^

gbieak, Ivy; a bog (this unsup-
ported by examples, but see u d ~ * ).

A JLȣ (ffiassal, A washer ; one whose
business is to wash the bodies of the dead.

A &)Ui g£walat, g&usdla, Water with
which anything has been washed, dirty
•water; bathing; washed (garment).

U\&. JU^ ghassdl-Tshdna, The house in
which the bodies of the dead are washed ;
a wash-house ; a dead-house, morgue (m.c).

a gfogtin, A leathern dress worn by
boys; — ghusdn, The innermost recess of
the heart ; — giassdn, The impetuosity of
youth; name of the father of a tribe in
Yaman ; also of a lake, on whose shores a
branch of the tribe Azd settled, and after
which they were called.

a ,_yt~fc jfkasBcini, Very beautiful ; hand-
some.

a gh/asr (v.n.), Covering the female
when she was not in heat (a camel) ; dun-
ning, harassing a debtor ; being intricate
(an affair) ; — ghasir, Dark, intricate (busi-
ness).

a <-i~£ gkasaf, Darkness.

a i>«"-fc gAfisq (v.n.), Being dark (night),
being dim (eye) ; shedding tears ; dropping
(rain) ; flowing from the udder (milk) ; —
gjtasaq (v.n.), Becoming dark (night) ;
darkness, especially at the beginning of
the night ; tares, darnel.

a c)to— £ gkasaqan (v.n. of t3—£), Be-
coming dark (the night) ; emitting a yellow
matter (a wound).

uti— i giflsak, A bug.

J~«i g&asl, gAisil, Marshmallows.

a J— * ghasl (v.n. of J-J*), Washing, per-
forming ablutions ; striking one so as to
cause him pain ; having frequent connec-
tion with a woman (a man), covering much
(stallion) ; — ghisl, (A man or stallion)
making frequent but ineffectual efforts to
impregnate ; name of a place ; — ghusl,
gkusul, Washing the whole body after
ceremonial uncleanness ; — ghusl dadan, To
wash; — ghusvli shifd (sihhat), The first
bathing after sickness ;— gh usul leardan, To
bathe. The word is also construed with
bar-awardan, zadan, &c.

a. ghaslaj, Pearl-ashes, lye.

a <oli ghusul-ihdna, A bath, bagnio.

a ^sl — t gkislin, Washed (garment) ;
water with which anything has been
washed (= £11—4 q.v.) ; yellow water and
matter flowing from the bodies of the
damned (= J^—* 1 q-v.)-

a jv—t giasm (?), gAasam (v.n.), Being
dark, obscure (the night) ; darkness ; con-
fusion in speech ; — gfausam, Parts of clouds.

a tJ— t gAasn, Mastication; — ghuen, Weak,
soft, flaccid; — giusan (pi. of ghusnat),
Ringlets, locks,

a £— gh usnat. A ringlet, a lock hanging
over the forehead or from the mane.

Aj-~* ghusuw (v.n. of j—*), Becoming
dark.

a jj— i gjiusuq (v.n. of s5~ *), Being
dark (night) ; being dim and shedding
tears (eye).

a Jy~* g&asfd, Anything for washing the
hands (as water, Boap, mallows, &c).

a gjkfisls, -New-gathered but spoilt

dates.

a J*— £ gkasil, Washed ; — g£asilu 'l-ma-
laika, Surname of Hanzalah bin 'Amir,
who fell in the battle of TJhud, and, having
started from home in a state of ceremonial
impurity, was washed by the angels.

a (jt>t gkash (for A. fj&ty, Longing (as
a pregnant woman) ; a slight repose, slum-
ber ; astonished ; stupor, fainting ; wheel-
ing round (as a horse) ; — g£.ash hardan, To
faint, to lose consciousness.

a u 4 ** ghaehsh, in P. gh aeh (v.n.), Dis-
sembling, deceiving by false pretences, be-
guiling by pretended friendship, giving
treacherous advice; adulterating; alloy;
(a man) with a large navel; — ghishsh,
Fraud, vice ; treachery, dissimulation ;
hatred ; — ghushsh, A deceiver, traitor ; an
adulterer.

A sAAfc geisha', The pericardium ; the
' covering of a sword, saddle, <&e. ; a
pericarp.

a gfeishdsh, Beginning and end of

darkness ; a small quantity.

uslLii ghashdk, Fetid breath.

a ikL^Lii ghxshamushk, «sUUti gh.aehd-
mak, = q.v.

a ijU^ gh ashdwat, gldshdivat, ghushdwat,
A veil, covering.

gkashta, ghishta. Mixed ; moistened ;
smeared, soiled ; brackish, sterile ground
(see <s^f p . 90).

a (jtAi ghashash, Not clear, turbid,
mixed ; turbidness.

a fcJjS' yi* ghash-lcarda, In a swoon, stupe-
fied, insensible.

A ghashq, The striking of anything
soft (as flesh).

a gjiashm, Iniquity, injury ; name of
a valley or river; — gkasham (v.n.), Leaving
no place (in a mangy camel, &c.) uncovered
with pitch ; cutting or gathering wood at
night.

a usJU..*-&£ ghash-mushk, Name of a herb
mixed with musk (doubtful).

a f ghashamsham. Intrepid, steady ;
persevering, constant, obstinate, headstrong,
self-opiniated.

^(jAtghashn (v.n.), Striking (with a sword
or stick).

a ij-iA ghashwai, gfaiskwoi, ghuslvwat, A
veil.

a f»j-£-£ gkashum, Iniqitous (man) ; wars.
a ghushshun (pi. of ghushsh), Weak ;
worthless ; deceitful, treacherous.

o-Ai ghiehih, Leaves of reeds ; — gkusha,

( 889 )

An ornament for the neck full of amber

a LS ^ cffrashy (v.n.), Being stupefied,
fainting; becoming insensible; a swoon,
a fainting-fit (see a above) ; surprising,
coming unawares, rushing upon ; lying
with ; striking with a scourge.

ghushya, Fetid breath (unsupported
by examples).

A ghashyat, A fainting fit, Bwoon.

a Sr-a* gjiasb (v.n.), Seizing violently,
ravishing, sacking, plundering; compelling
one to do anything ; pulling forcibly the
hair or wool from a hide without tanning
it; usurpation; wrong, injustice, violence ;
misappropriation, embezzlement.

a gjiussat, giussa, Strangulation, suf-
focation; grief, anxiety, sorrow, sadness;
passion ; construed with pro- khwurdan , &c. ;
— zu 'l-ghussat, Surname of Husain bin
Yazid (so called from an obstruction in his
throat which prevented him from speaking
clearly).

a g]iasas (v.n.), Having food stick-
ing in the throat; sticking in the throat,
(meat); — ghusas (pi. of ghussat), Griefs,
Borrows.

a yo£ tjh asn (v.n.), Taking and cutting
off; pulling (a branch) towards oneself;
restraining ;—gkusn, A branch (large or
small) ; one branch growing out of another ;
name of a man.

A gliisnat (pi. of ahum). Branches ; —
gh/usnat, A twig, wand.

a ghusiin (pi. of gkusn), Branches.

a j\j <ue gfrussa-dar, Angry, choking with
rage.

a d\i 4-«i gkussa-nak, Afflicted ; passiouate.

a )\ — S'&ot ghussa-gusur, Who or what re-
moves grief, sorrow, &c.

a_jj gkussa-war, Angry, wrathful;

passionate, choleric, fierce.

a yifc ghazz (v.n.), Casting down (ihe
eyes), lowering (the voice) ; enduring any-
thing disagreeable or hateful ; lessening,
taking away a part ; fresh, new, tender ;
full of vigour (youth) ; the young of kine ;
buds of a palm-tree.

a Ui (jhaza (v.n. of ^y**), Being griped
through eating of the tree gliazdt (camels) ;
the tree ghazdt itself.

a w^lii gkizab (v.n. of s ■.■* '• ), Being
afflicted with small-pox ; Bmall-pox ; a mote
or anything similar in the eye ; (pi. of
gjiazbart) angry, in a passion, passionate.

AjLit^ a ?ar,Pure, adhesive, and greenish
clay ; a bit of earthenware carried about
one to avert the evil eye ; — gkuzdr, Name
of a mountain.

a gkazdrat, Affluence, abundance,

comfort, happiness ; the female of the bird
qatd ; name of a tribe.

a gh azaz, ghuzdz, The space be-

tween the eyebrows; the nose; the part of

the face which joins the nose ; — gJiifdz

(v.n. of (j*£), Enduring anything disagree-
able or hateful ; casting down the eye ;
lessening ; (pi. of giazz) calves.

a Lilit g&azazat (v.n. of y^t), Being
fresh, vigorous (youth) ; loss, detriment ;
defect, deficiency ; a mean, base condition,
baseness.

a yUi gfeazan, gjtuzan, Orts, broken
victuals.

a s-** ghazb, Extremely red ; a bull ; a
lion; stoniness ; — ghazab (v.n.), Being
angry ; rage, anger, ire, wrath ; — g&azabu 'l-
lah, The wrath of God ; — ghatab Jcardan,
dar gh.azah shudan, To be or become angry,
to fly into a passion.

a "Va* ghazab-an, In a rage.

a io^ s~44 gkazab-aluda, Full of rage,
enraged, indignant, oppressive, &c.

a yVjji gfeazban, A stone hurled by % bat-
tering-ram ; a balista ; — ghazbdni falak,
The sun ; Mars.

A yU^ 0 ghazbdn, fern, gkazbanat,
gfcazbana, Enraged, angry, furious.

a cilU^ifc gjiazahndk, Enraged, angry.

a j^W-a* ghazabniiki, Rage, indignation,
exasperation, fury.

a imS yit ghazabi, Angry, wrathful ; a pas-
sionate or a violent man ; an oppressor ; a
fearless man, a dare-devil, a fire-brand.

a y& ghazr (v.n.), Receding ; preventing j
cutting, dividing; inclining, feeling kindly
towards ; assigning to another part of one's
estate ; —ghazar (v.n.), Abounding in re-
sources after having been in straits ; — gha^ir
mazir, Comfortable, easy (life).

a lAfAfc gjiazra', Convenience, happiness,
comfort of life.

A <-i)r it && u ? r / \f< Gristle, cartilage.

a Ui= ghazf (v.n.), Breaking (wood);
letting his ears drop (a dog) ; farting (a
she-ass) ; — ghuzf, A black bird of the qatd
kind; — gh azaf (v.n.). Being dark (night) ;
flabbiuess (of the ear) ; an Indian palm-
tree.

a ghazn (v.n.), Detaining, retaining,
keeping back (a man) ; binding, imprison-
ing ; — gJiazan, A wrinkle, plait, fold ; las-
situde.

a yiA-it ghazanfar, A lion.

a •vj^ gAaziib, Enraged, choleric (man
or woman) ; a malignant serpent; a restive
camel.

Ajj-st g&azwar, Viscous, adhesive clay.

A iiyii gJiuzuzat (v.n. of y^), Being
fresh, vigorous (youth),

A ghazir, Green, flourishing.

A (jA*^ ghazlz. Deficient, diminished ;
fresh, green ; tender buds of palm-trees.

*.\&ghdtt (v.n.), Plunging, ducking (any-
one) into water.

a ghitd', A covering, a veil.

a ghatat, A species of the bird qatd;

( 890 )

— Sth a fM> g&utdt, First dawn ; — gtef&t (v.n.
3of ti), Ducting one another.

a ^Jah ghitris, (^o^ ghiprU, Proud, im-
just, oppressive, tyrannical.

A ^l^b ghitrtf, A great prince, young,
liberal, and generous; a young hawk; a,
fly.

^ A u^iat ghats (v.n.), Plunging or throwing
(into water) ; immersing one's person ;
drinking with the mouth from a vessel,
without a cup, &c,

A v^Sic gh atsh (v,n.), Walking slowly
from disease or age ; being dark (night) ; —
gkatash, Weakness of sight.

a <~JHat ahataf, Comforts (of life) ; bigness
of the eye ; length of the eye-lashes.

A <yUai g&atafdn, Name of a tribe.

a Jlac gh at I (v.n.), Being overcast with
clouds, layer upon layer (the sky) ; — gh atal
(v.n.), Being intensely dark; covering the
whole world (darkneBs).

a ^ i * t^ (fhatamtam, Surgy (sea), vasty
(deep).

A jisi g$,atw, gjmtuw (v.n. of ^), Being
dark (the night) ; rising, swelling (water) ;
hiding, covering, enveloping.

a <j*)lai gAatue, Undaunted in battle or
danger.

A Mai gh atU (v.n. of lafc), Braying (a
camel) ; snoring ; the noise made in the
throat when choking.

a f^>t. ghatrm, The vast ocean, mighty
deep.

*- At ftkaf, A curling lock ; (for gaf, gap)
thick, dense, stout ; close, closely-woven ;
substantial.

a gkaff, Dry leaves ; — ghuff, Food
sufficient, for the day.

A )VA£ ghjfar. A helmet fitting the head ;
name of the father of a tribe ; — gkufdr.
Hair on the legs, forehead, cheek, jaws,
neck, or back of the neek ; — gkaff dr. One
who pardons greatly, is very forgiving ; —
ghaffdru 'z-zunub, The pardoner of sins,
God ; — hazrati maliku 'l-ghaffar, The most
merciful God.

a cfhifdrat, A cloth worn under the
veil or head-dress to keep them from being
Boiled by the perfumed unguent with which
women anoint their hair ; mail, a steel-net
worn under the cap to protect the head ; a
patch of cloth round the horns of a bow ;
one cloud overtopping another; a cloud
over the top of a mountain.

!fi u fjt ghufch, A sword having an
undulating surface ; an anvil ; a place full
of caverns or of hollows, especially where
water stagnates ; anything long, straight,
and thick.

i^aA* ghafchl, A low place where water
collects ; a shining sword.

SAii ghafda, Anything hard (unsupported
by examples).

j** gkafar ghafari, Violent pain (un-
supported by examples).

a jAt gh afr (v.n.), Covering; pardoning
(sins) ; laying up, enclosing in a case or in
a repository ; rankling, being raw (a wound) ;
relapsing (a sick person) ; relapse ; tingl-
ing, dyeing (grey hair) ; a mansion of the
moon, consisting of three small stars in
Libra ; a bag, sack, wallet, &c. ; body-pile ;
nap, shogginess of cloth ;—ghifr. A calf ; a
certain insect ; — gkufr, The young of a
mountain-goat; name of a fortress in
Yaman ; (pi. of gAafur) forgivers, pardoners ;
— gh afar (v.n.), Being raw (a wound) ; re-
lapsing ; hairs on the lower jaw, on the
back of the neck, and about the thighs of
a woman ; shagginess of a garment, nap of
cloth ; — ghafir. Hairy (nape of the neck).

a yl/t g&ufrdn (v.n. of jit), Covering
over; forgiving (sin); pardon, remission,
absolution ; — ghufrdni ~kwn.il, A plenary
absolution.

ghafek (iovgabx, q.v.) = q.v,
g&afash, A winking, twinkling of the eye ;
dirt in the eye.

aUs y\jAfc g/tufrdn-pandh, Who takes, or
has taken, refuge in divine forgiveness ;
dead, deceased, defunct.

g&afsat (probably from Ar.

gkafisat " difficulty "), A sudden event or
emergency.

a gkafq (v.n.), Striking one often
with a scourge ; escaping one (wind) ;
coming every hour to water (camels) ; ap-
proaching (the female) frequently (ass) ;
a sudden return from absence ; an assault,
suddeu attack ; a gentle rain.

a J 4 * gh&fl, A desert without roads or
direction-posts ; a place naked, without the
vestige of habitations or people ; one from
whom no good is expected or evil feared ;
an ignorant, inexperienced man ; verses
whose author is not known ; anonymous
(poet) ; a blank (in lottery) ; unmarked
(cattle or arrow) ; — gjtafal, Carelessness,
negligence; inadvertency; forgetfulness ;
abundance ; comfort of life.

a <flAi ghafiat (v.n. of J^), Doing (any-
thing) inconsiderately ; forgetting, neglect-
ing ; imprudence, carelessness, negligence,
indolence, forgetfulness ; unconsciousness,
insensibility, stupor; soundness of sleep.

a d-iuli ghaflat-pesha, Of careless

habits, neglectful, thoughtless.

ft sjj liJjii g&aflat-mda, Struck or over-
come with stupor, &c.

a oJiAfc gjj,aftat-hdr, Acting negligently,
careless.

a utJAt g&aflat-warz, Negligent, care-
less ; uninformed.

a ufia g£aflat-ivarzi. Negligence,
carelessness, imprudence.

a i^a* ghafiatl, Thoughtless, careless,
neglectful, negligent, &c.

( 891 )

<* IP* 4 * g&nfanj, A leather bag worn round
the waist by horsemen for drawing water ;
a wooden vessel for the same purpose ;
juicy food ; a thin kind of bread. (Un-
supported and doubtful.)

a g&afw, High ground where water
does not reach ; — also ghufuw (v.n. of
Sleeping, slumbering ; floating or swim-
ming upon water.

sjjAi g^ufiida, A week, se'nnight, hebdo-
mad (from the beginning of Saturday to
the end of next Friday).

a jjit ghafur, Forgiving, merciful, cle-
ment; [rabbi gjtafur, The most merciful
Lord, God ;] — ghuf ur (v.n. of ytf=), Pardon-
ing, condoning, absolving ; (pi. of ghafr)
the young of mountain-goats.

a JjAt ghaful, A she-camel which Bhies
not at anything ; very neglectful or impru-
dent (man) ; — g&uffd (v.n. of Ja£), Neg-
lecting, forgetting; leaving; imprudence,
heedlessness.

*** ghufo; ghaffa, A lamb's skin ; a curled
sheep-skin.

a Mi g&afyat (v.n, of ^s 4 ^), Sleeping,
slumbering; high ground where water does
not reach (see

a ghafir (v.n.), Pardoning ; all,
many ; a helmet which completely encloses
the head ; [jamma'i gAafir, jammi ghafir,
An immense crowd ;] — gfcufair, Name of a
man.

a tji ghaqq, The hoarse croak of a raven ;
— gkiqq, The sound made by a boiling
kettle ; — ghaqq, g&aqiq (v.n. of ij*), Scream-
ing (a hawk, &c.) ; boiling and making a
noise (pitch, &c.) ; the noise made by
water when passing from a wide into a
narrow place.

g&ak, Pat and dwarflsh ; ludicrous.

4i* gkuka, A hiccough.

J* ahul. A saw ; a yoke ; a mountain-
demon •, (for gkulghul) tumult ; — gjiul
gtadar, Noise and tumult.

a ghall (v.n.), Suffering extremely
from thirst ; being introduced, entering ;
introducing, bringing ; yielding a revenue ;
fettering, putting a chain round the neck ;
— g&iU (v.n.), Postering enmity; hatred,
malice, envy ; perfidy, treachery ; fraud ;
[g}iiU 11 ghishsh. Oppression ; objection,
hesitation ; fraud, deceit ; — hi gkill (g&ill u
g^ishsh), Without guile ; frankly, boldly ;]
— g&ull, Extreme thirst ; a yoke (for oxen) ;
the pillory (for men) ; anything put round
the neck (of iron, wood, undressed leather,
&e.), a fetter, chain; — ghull-qamil, Hand-
cuffs and lice (proverbial for an ill-tempered
woman).

a pit gkala' (v.n. of Being dear ov

high-priced ; scarcity, deamess ; name of a
short-bodied fish ; (a man) who shoots an
arrow with force ; an arrow flying high ;

[bi '1-gJtald', Dearly (bought or sold) ;] —
gkila (v.n. of jji*), Bidding against, rais-
ing the price upon another ; shooting (an
arrow) with all one's might ; (pi. of gJtalwat)
arrow-shots discharged as far as possible, &o.

a g&ildb (v.n. 3 of s-1*), Contending
mutually for victory or superiority ; — g&a-
lab-i, Name of a man; also of a woman ;—
gitfiXhib, One who conquers often, who is
frequently victor.

a cw^4 gJiallat (pi. of gAallat), All sorts
of grain.

a tit gMlat (v.n. 3 of Ui), Throwing
into confusion ; leading each other into
error.

a tit ghilaz (pi. of gjializ), Coarse,
thick, gross ; — ahuldz. Thick, rough, rude.

a it^fc gldldzat, Thickness, spissitude,
grossness.

a gjiilaf, The sheath of a sword or
knife ; the cover of a flask, mirror ; a
pillow-case ; a quilt ; a pellicle, calyx ; the
foreskin; — gkilafi dil (grai6),The pericardium.

a ghildjl, Testaceous (fish).

a gkalaq, Name of a place ; — gfaall&q,
Name of a man,

a JXfc ghilal, <*3^ gkildla, A close-fitting
garment ; according to others one worn
under a coat of mail ; — gkildla, Grease at
the roots of the hair ; running water at the
roots of trees ; error, deviation from the
right road.

iJlte gAulala, Curls, ringlets.

a fM gkulam, A boy, lad, youth, one
whose mustachios begin to grow ; ado-
lescent, pubescent ; a servant, a slave ; a
page of the royal household ; — g&uldmi
falak-am, I am heaven's slave, said when
any affair terminates in a manner contrary
to one's wishes ; a disappointment.

a ^J^U fM- gkulawt-baragi, Pederasty.

a 6)W gk uldm-bdra (8j^ para), A

sodomite.

a <U\i f&t gjiuldm-khana, Corps of couriers,
king's messengers (m.c).

a \J>^/ gjiulam-gardish, A sitting-
room for servants, a servants' hall ; a
covered way, passage, corridor ; a verandah
(m.c).

a giuldmt, Belonging to a servant ;
servitude, slavery ; a sodomite ; youth-like.

a gkuldmi-Jchat, A certificate of

slavery.

a s-J-* gAatb, g&alab (v.n.), Conquering,
excelling ; victory, iominion, power ; — ghulb
(pi. of aghlab). Thickly-planted orchards ; —
ghalab (v.n.), Being thick-necked ; — gfralib,
Victorious, prevailing.

a gAalabat, ghalaha, Victory, con-
quest, superiority, assault, strength, power,
dominion, prevalence, predominance.

(^S-it ghalbakan, g/talbakln, A lat-

ticed door j a garden-door behind which
people sit; a railing (m.c).

^ (

a ,j£>li gjialabagi, Victory.

**1* gAulba, An opening, a passage, esp.
one bj which water flows into a garden ; —
also fl^Lfc g]iulpa,, A magpie,

j<-At g^ai&ir, j-s-ii ghalbiz, A sieve.
g&ilpUa, A magpie.

A Hfc gcfrallat, Corn, grain, fruits, harvest,
produce; the return of an estate, .rent,
income ; wages ; — gj^ullat, Excessive thirst ;
also its burning heat ; an under- waistcoat.
g&alt, A rolling, tossing, wallowing.

a oJi ghfdt (v.n.), Breaking a bargain,
declining to buy; — ghalat (v.n.), Cotnmit-
ing an error (especially in calculation ; cf.
Ui).

yVxlt o&altdn, Anything round ; a pearl.

yAiJULfc gjyjltanldan, To cauBe to roll.

yLjosli gjioMban, gltaltabun, A roller for
smoothing the flat roofs of nouses ; a man
who keeps a mistress or connives at the in-
fidelity of Mb wife,

utUli ghaltak, isUxlt ^.altanak, A carriage-
wheel ; the pulley of a well.

<*jsl£ tjthalta, gkulta, A rolling-pin,

(j ghaltidan. To tumble, wallow,

roll.

A ii<l£ gkals (v.n.), Mixing wheat with
barley ; eating them, or bread made of that
composition; mixing; not striking fire
(the stick zand) ■ tanning ; — gh alas (v.n.),
Fighting hand to hand ; thick of the fight,
brunt of the battle ;~~ghalis, Fighting
fiercely, hand to hand.

a g 1 ^ ffh alj (v.n.). Running well (as a
horse) , with an even pace ; — g&uluj, A
handsome youth.

fl&ilj, gMlaj, gl* gMlch, ghUach, A
knot which cannot be unloosed ; one knot
tied over another.

ff&alchagi, Rusticity ; vagabond
life, vagabondism.

g&alcha, A villager ; a vagabond,
strolling fellow ; a rustic, peasant ; a wan-
dering soldier.

a gAalas, The darkness before the
dawn or cock-crowing ; — ba- gh alaB, Before
day-break.

a Sfhalt (for P. ghalt), Rolling, &c. ; —
pkalti aexyd, The turning of a mill ; — g&alt
dodan (zadan), wS, gkalt zadan, = yJ«Ui q.v.

a Wit ylxalat (v.n.), Blundering in speak-
ing or in calculating j according to others,
the former, while the latter is expressed by
p&alat (see ui-li above) ; — ghalatu 'l-'amm,
A popular mistake, a vulgar error ; — gfaalat
dadan, To induce into error, to deceive; —
gltalati 'awam (mashhur), A received abuse,
an idiomatical expression, or mode of
speech currently used, though erroneous, a
slang term ; — g£alat kardam, I confess my
mistake or fault, I admit that I was wrong
(m.c). The word is also construed with
the verbs uftddan, jcJtfvandan, hhwurdan,
giriftan, guftan, &c.

892 )

a <j)£i\ Uli gJialat-afgan, Throwing into
error, misleading.

a Uj£ gkaltun, Rolling, wallowing, grovel-
ing ; anything round or surrounding; a
wrapper ; an architrave ; a pearl ; — ghcdtan-
pechtin, "Wallowing, rolling, foundering,

a jWt Ui gfcala£-and&fs, A deceiver ; an
arrow missing the aim.

o*^ 4 gk<rttdnl, Th& act of rolling, wal-
lowing, &e.

a,j\jjt g/ialat-barddr, An eraser (lit.
error-remover).

a y<» gfealat-bin, "Who sees through
the error or mistake.

&± gkalat-sair, Who wanders astray.

a f& gkalat-fahm, One who perceives
the error or mistake.

a ij+ei Wit gj^alat-fahml, The perception
of an error ; a mistaken notion, a miscon-
ception.

usWalB g&altak, Awheel ; a roller; a pulley,
a j^Ui gfeftlat-ltar, Deceptive, delusive.
a ijj^S ghfdat-k&ri, Deception, delu-
sion.

a f UA g^cdat-go, gjtalat-gii, A false re-
later.

^jfyyUfc ghalat-go'i, Relation of falsehoods.
a y-jy Salt gfaalat-nawis, An erroneous
writer.

aU£ y kail a, A leathern sheath over a
scabbard ; a thick sort of cloth ; — gkalata,
Galata (m.c).

a ( _ 5 Ut gfoalati, A mistake, error; slip;
fallacy.

yjJLlt ghflltidan, To roll, wallow, trundle.

a Wli ghalz, Rough, rocky ground ; — g£i-
laz (v.n.), Being thick (the body or a
tumour, coarse (cloth or fare), rocky
(ground) ; thickness, coarseness.

a g]ialzat, ghilzat, gkulzat, Thickness,
grossness, rudeness, asperity; — g&ilzat,
Enmity, hostility.

ghilgMch, A tickling.

J*li ghulahul. Tumult, confusion, con-
test ; vociferation, clamour ; the chirping
of birds ; the noise made by liquor poured
out from a narrow-necked vessel ; a kind of
dish ; — glivlglmli tahltt u takbir, The re-
sounding noise produced by the Muham-
madan war-cry alldh, allah, or allah akbar;
— g&ultffeid kardan, To cry out. Also con-
strued with uftddan, afgandan, anddkhtan,
zadan, &c.

S&Ali gb.ulylj.alaj, Throwing anything vio-
lently into the air.

a iUl£ gbfllgkalat (v.n. of J*1a), Being-
introduced ; haste ; a quick pace ; a bring-
ing in, introducing.

iWi ghnlgiMla, Riot, uproar ; a kind of
dish ; — ghulghula'i g£amza, A wink of the
eye.

s ,Ul£ ghalghaVich, gJiilgMllch, *^rtUlA
ghalphaticha. Tickling, titillation.
4>ykli gjiulgliuna,, Paint for the face.

( 893 )

J*

i-AU g£<tf/(v.n.), Putting up (a glass or
flask) into (its) case ; perfuming the beard
or bair with civet ; name of a tree used in
tanning, and resembling the tree gkarf
(perhaps the same with it according to the
frequent interchange of liquid letters) ; —
g&ulf (pi. of aghlaj), Uncircumcised ; [qu-
tetri ghulf, Hearts umireumcised, i.e. not
imbued with faith \]—-ghulf,gJiuluf, ghullaf
(pi. of ghiluf), Sheaths; — gkalaf, Uncir-
cumcision ; the prepuce.

a &l£ ghulfai, The prepuce, foreskin.

ghalafj, gAl* ghalafch, ghalfach. A
hornet, wasp.

a. ijalA gkalfaq, Water-moss ; a broad-
leafed water-herb ; delicate, agreeable, easy
(life) ; relaxed, unstrung (bow) ; the
fibrous wood of a palm-tree ; the leaf of a
vine whilst on the tree.

A (jli ghalq (v.n.), Shutting, closing,
boiling, or locking (a door) ; travelling far
into a country ; large, lean, and red (man
or camel) ; a bar, bolt, lock, or any fasten-
ing of a door ; — gkalaq (v.n.), Being dan-
gerously galled on the back from overload-
ing (camel); belonging of right to the
pawnee if not redeemed in a given time
(pledge) ; a bolt, bar, or lock ; — gh aliq.
Difficult to understand (speech) ; — ghuluq,
Shut, fastened (a door).

^ ghfdqd, A plant resembling capers,
but which contains a milky, poisonous juice.

rgkulquna, — <uykli q.v.
g&ullak, A jar used as a till or save-
all.

a Jii gjialal (v.n. of J*), Being thirsty ;
the burning heat of excessive thirst ; a
colander.

A ghalm (v.n.), Being lustful; lust ;
— ghalim, Lustful, libidinous, lascivious.

A yUli gjtilmdn (pi. of gk utem. in P.
also used as sing.), Boys, youths, lads;
servants ; pages ; — ghilman u jawdri, Boys
and girls, lads and lasses.

A 4*1* gjt.ilm.at (pi. of g&uldm). Boys ; —
ghulmat (v.n. of f»l£), Being libidinous;
lust ; — gkalimat, g&alima, Lascivious, lust-
ful (woman).

jpoJLfc yhilmich, (g«UJLt ghilmillch, A tick-
ling under the arm-pits ; — gi.ilm.ich {ghil-
millch,) dddan, To tickle under the arms.

rfU .tl fr ghalmashah, A harsh, rough, or
perverse fellow.

a J* ghull-nihdda, Pilloried ; in the
stocks.

A jl* gh.vM.vi, in P. ghulu (v.n.), Shoot-
ing (an arrow) with the greatest force ;
flying high (arrow); exceeding bounds;
excess ; transgression ; rebellion ; commo-
tion, tumult, noise, din, out-cry ; — ghulu
hardan, To be excessive ; to exaggerate.

a Sjli ghalwai, The shooting of an arrow
as far as possible ; bow-shot distance ; the
utmost stretch of a horse.

o ghalufiriyd, Liquorice.

a Jjl£ ghalul, Food which one puts into
one's belly ; Boft food, such as is eaten by
old men ; a traitor, deceiver ; — ghulul (v.n-

of J*), Defrauding, cheating, purloining
part of the booty ; fraud, deceit.

Jjli ghulul, Meat sticking in the throat.

45jli ghaliila, A ball, a pellet.

yUS <iJjli ghalula-kamdn, A pellet-bow.

*it rfjiala. Unsteadiness, anxiety.

a ghalla (see A. ili), Corn, produce of
the earth ; grain ; — ghulla, A till ; a save-
all ; a narrow-necked gugglet; a small
ball ; a pellet ; a marble.

a <jta ghalladdn, A granary ; [g/ialla-
ddni 'adam, The earth ;] — ghulladdn, A
money-box or till ; a save-all.

a j\j *it gkalla-zdr, A place abounding in
grain.

a ^ ghalla-farosh, A corn- factor.

a 0 li ghaly (v.n.), Boiling (a pot).

a ghali, Dear, high-priced.

a yU^ gkilydn, A kind of pipe for
smoking tobacco through water ; a huqqah ;
— gkilydn hashidan, To smoke a huqqah; —
ghUydni nay-pech, A pipe with flexible tube
(m.c).

a cjM* ghalaydn (v.n. of ^j^), Boiling,
fermenting.

£*9^ gkalUa, A grass for making baskets.

*±-»*lt ghalis, Adulterated (as wheat with
barley).

y.jjs^li ghulljan, Mint.

ghalidan, To wallow in the clay
from excessive thirst (cattle) ; to flow (as
water) ; to dive ; to faint, swoon.

a ghatiz, Gross, thick, rough, coarse.

C)jslA ghalizan, y'jji-t- ghaUzhan, Clay or
blackish mud at the bottom of ditches or
ponds.

a Mi ghaliz. Coarse, thick; condensed;
gross, rude, rugged ; rustic ; avaricious ;
dirty, foul, filthy ; obscene ; severe in pun-
ishing ; — ghalizu 'l-qalb, Hard-hearted, un-
feeling.

a tJLSt ghalizi, Coarseness, thickness.

7**^ tfhileghar, j£*tfc ghilegar, A master-
builder or worker in clay.

a J-li gkalil, Thirst ; the pangs of thirst ;
warmth of love or hatred j a mixture of
trefoil and crushed date-stones with which
camels are fed.

J~Lfc gkulel, A pellet-bow.

jW J^* ghulel-bdz, A pelleter with a
bow.

(jjW JJi gh ulel-bdzi, Pelleting.
a Q^ulaiyim (dim. of ghuldtn), A
little boy.

}M ghalev, Astonished ; folly, wild fancy,
stupidity.

t^j-A* gjialewdj, gkalewdzh, ghali-

wazh, s j\}<l* gfeaUwdzha, A kite (bird).

yjal* ghalnvan, Black mud at a pond's
bottom ; name of a castle in Yaman,

( 894 )

bp y^eit gfcilyun, A galleon, a sort of
ship.

a f£ g&awim, in P. mostly g£.am (v.n.),
Being cloudy (day) ; being intensely hot and
suffocating; making sad; muzzling; cover-
ing; grief, sadness, anxiety, trouble, care;
a source of regret; remorse; mourning,
lamentation ; loss, harm ; — gham khpurdan.
To commiserate, sympathise, care ;—daf'i
gham kardan, To dispel grief, drive off care.
The word is also construed with the verbs
uftadan, amadan, ddshtan, raftan, rekhtan,
zidadan, kasMdan, guftan, nishastan, &c.

a »Wt ghamd', Grief, sadness ; anything
laid upon a horse to make him perspire ; —
giimd', The roof of a house, especially the
upper part covered with reeds or sand.

a ghamar, gbjm.a,r, ghwnidr, A great
crowd; — ghimdr (pi. of ghamr), Whirl-
pools ; deep seas ; beneficent ; (pi. of
ghamrat) intensities, severities ; crowds,
throngs.

a y** ghammdz, An informer, accuser,
detractor, sycophant, tale-bearer; (met.)
he eyes of a mistress.

a t£)W& ghamrnazak, A bit of wood, cork,
or quill, by which the angler discovers the
bite of a fish, a float.

a lS)^** ghammdzi, Slander, detraction.

a fAM f*^ gAam-dshdm, Drowned in grief,
enduring Borrow, &c.

a. gJiam&z, ghim&z (v.n. of tA*^))

Winking,

a sjjJ^ ^ gham-aluda, Drenched in sor-
row, sad.

A fUA ghamdm, A sponge.

ghamdm, ghimam, A white cloud ; —
ghumam, Kheum, defluxion, cold.

A i*Ui ghamdmat, A cloud overspreading
the sky ; a white cloud; — ghimdmat. Hood-
winks ; a bag used aa a muzzle ; a bridle,
halter ; — ghimdmat, ghumamat, The fore-
skin of a boy.

a yUi ghamdit (part, of an obsolete verb
ghamidan), Sad, sorrowful.

a *SW: ghamd' im (pi. of gitamamat),
Clouds ; (pi. of ghimdmat) halters bridles ;
muzzles; hoodwinks; blinkers.

a t$*t\ gham-dym, Wont to inflict
Borrow (heaven).

a m\) j»i gham-bada, Sickness caused by
sorrow.

a >3**— ft gham-parast, Addicted to grief.
a <*)))> ghavi-parward, Beared in sor-
row.

a ghammat, Cloudy (night) ; intensely
hot (night) ; —ghummat, Grief, anguish ;
difficult, intricate (affair) ; the bottom of
the sea.

a J^f p± gham-tardth, Removing or dis-
pelling grief, <fcc.

a g** ghfimj (v.n), Drinking, gulping
(water).

a A)la^*& gham-khdna, House of mourn-
ing.

a gham-khwdr, Devouring sorrow,

i.e. afflicted, vexed, sad ; condoling, pity-
ing; an intimate friend (as partaking in
another's feelings).

a gham-kfiwdragi, Sympathy.

a ^jss^U: gham-khwari, Sympathy ; cure,
remedy ; — gham-Tchivdri kardan, To cure,
to apply a remedy.

a gjtam-khwur, One who suffers in

patience.

a giam-ihtpurl, Patience in suffer-

ing, resignation, meekness.

a gham-khwuraJc, A heron.

A A*i ghamd, ghim'd (v.n.), Sheathing (a
sword) ; cloaking another's faults; standing
high in the well (wa.ter) ; having many
branches (a tree) ; — g^imd, A sheath, scab-
bard, cover, case ; a pod, husk, shell ;—
ghamad (v.n.), Being abundant, also scanty
(water in a well).

a <^A*t gham-ddn, Eame of a certain edi-
fice in Taman, said to have been the first
erected after the deluge, and destroyed in
the time of the Caliphs ; the world (as
being the abode of sorrow).

fjuj^i gham-dida, Having seen sorrow,
inured to misfortune, afflicted, distressed.

a j*£ ahamr (v.n.), Covering, overflowing
(water) ; plenty of water, sufficient to cover
anything ; a whirlpool, gulf, abyss ; deep,
the main sea; a crowd, mob, mixed multi-
tude ; liberal, generous (man) ; excellent,
swift (horse) ; spacious (garment) ; [gham-
ru 'l-Jchuluq ('r-ridd), Beneficent, most
liberal] ; — yiiamv, ghiinr, ghwrnr, Inexperi-
enced in business, raw ; — gkimr. Thirst ;
malevolence, hatred ;— ghumr, Saffron ; —
gjtamar (v.n.), Hating, detesting ; greasy
and smelling from meat (the hands) ; the
smell of anything on the hands (as meat,
fish, &c.) ; a mob, crowd; hatred, ill-will;
[nmndilu 'l-ghwrnar, A napkin, towel;] —
ghamir, Who or what smells of fish or any
other disagreeable thing; — ghwmar, A small
dish or cup ; (pi. of ghamrat) adversities,
misfortunes.

a ghamarat, in P. ghamrat (pi. of

ghamrat), Intensities, severities ; crowds,
throngs.

a gJiamrdn, Calamities, adversities ;

putrid matters ; name of a place.

a ij+t ghamrat, Intensity, severity, a mob,
a crowd, mixed multitude ; adversity, mis-
fortune, calamity •, agony of death ; a great
mass of water, an abyss, a whirlpool ;
a quince (this unsupported) ; — ghimrat,
Thirst ; — g&umrat, A kind of liniment used
by women to impart lustre to their com-
plexions ; an inexperienced and foolish
woman ; saffron ; — ghamirat, (A hand)
smelling of meat or fish ; a black garment
worn by slaves and handmaids.

y*£> ( 895 ) yt>

a 8. v ».. j » » gham-raslda, One upon whom
sorrow has come, grief- stricken, afflicted.

a ghumr-war, Like one inexperienced
in affairs,

a y*± ghamz (v.n.), Accusing, impeaching,
defaming; beckoning, winking, makiDg a
sign (with head, hand, eye, or eyebrows) ;
limping, dragging their feet along (cattle) ;
feeling cattle (if lean or fat) ; pressing the
finger upon an) thing, squeezing, pinching ;
[gkamzi 'ain, "Winking with the eye ; dis-
simulation ; connivance ;] — gfeamaz. The
worst part of one's property ; weak (man) ;
lean beasts,

a \«J)*£ ghfim-zidd, Who or what drives
away, or wipes off, care ; cheerful, exhilar-
ating.

a t^-*)** g&am-ziday, A remover of Bor-
row, a consoler ; the 8th day of the month,

a <J'4}+& gham-zadagi, Affliction, grief.

a tfkwm-zada, Sorrow - stricken,

afflicted.

a ty*i ghamsa, A wink or a signal with
the eye ; an amorous glance, coquetry,
ogling; the eye-lid; — ghamza'i akhtar
(sitdra), The twinkling of a star; — gh.am~
ta'i sar-tez, Joy, gladness ; — ghamza'i gvJ,
The opening of a rose, or any flower ; —
jf&amza'i nargis, The opening of the nar-
cissuB, i.e. of the eye of a mistress ; — gham-
ia'i Idjawardi, Glances, winks not repeated.

a a) ghamza-zan, Casting amorous
glances, ogling ; coquettish.

a gliamt (v.n.), Immersing, ducking
into water, dipping, steeping; setting (a
star).

a ylx— *i gkamisian, An abode of grief;
a house of sorrow or mourning.

a £i— p± ghfim-sanj, Pondering over sor-
row.

a yS-^i ghamash (v.n.), Being dim (the
eyesight) from hunger or thirst,

A tje^t gh arris (v.n.), Despising ; dis-
paraging, neglecting ; being ungrateful; —
gkamas, Impure matter flowing from the
eye.

a ghamz (v.n.), Being easy, con-
niving, indulgent ; connivance ; travelling,
posting across a country ; penetrating deep
mto the flesh (sword) ; low, level ground ;
— gkwmz (v.n.), Winking; a wink of sleep.

a k*£ ghamt (v.n.), Despising, holding
cheap; being ungrateful for health, return-
ing no thanks for prosperity ; slaughtering
(cattle) ; drinking much water ; low
ground.

» Hi (>4 gham-ghalat, What makes to
forget sorrow or care ; diversion, pleasure,
pastime ; wine.

a (jfoj-.ji gkawb-farau dagi, Care-crazed-
ncss.

a '-Vy* gham-fareuda, Care-worn.
a fti gham-fazay, Increasing grief
or sorrow.

a k 3*i ghamaq (v.n.), Being moist with
dew (ground) ; lying on the earth (dew) ;
— gkamiq, Eank from too much moisture
(herbage) ; soaked with dew ; near to
water (ground).

a gham-kada, The mansion of sor-

row.

jUXki; gjiam-kusar, A friend, an inti-
mate companion, confidant ; — bdda'i gham-
kusdr, Wine, the dispeller of care.

a ^L-^i gjiam-kusdri. The driving away
of melancholy ; friendship, society, com-
panionship.

a <jiS+i gham-kash, Who endures grief
continues in sorrow, &c.

a gfcam-kun, Afflicted, sorrowful,

grieved.

a gh am-gusar. A dear friend ; the

8th day of the month.

a i*£ g&am-gusil, Removing care,

grief, sorrow.

a g&am-gin, ghamndk, Sor-

rowful, full of grief.

« cr**^*^ gham-glnl, gh.am.nakl,
Grief, sadness.

a J*£ ahaml (v.n.), Putting under
ground (a skin) with the hair upon it, till
it becomes soft, and loses the hair ; also
letting it remain too long till it rots ; put-
ting green fruit under straw to ripen ;
covering a person with bed-clothes to pro-
duce perspiration ; amending, correcting,
adjusting', heaping up (grapes); riding
(one plant upon another) ; name of a place ;
— ghamal (v.n.), Growing sore from ban-
daging (a wound) ; mortifying (a wound).

a ghamam, Length and thickness of
hair on the head.

a ghamn (v.n.), Putting green fruit
under ground to ripen and mellow ; putting
under ground a skin to soften and become
smooth ; throwing clothes upon a person
to make him perspire (see J**).

a ii!Lx*£ ghamndk, Disconsolate, melan-
choly.

a gJiamand (for gham-mand), txu-t
ghamanda (part, of gAamidan), Sorrowful ;
enraged (see t)Ui).

a gfcwmiid (v.n, of J*i), Becoming
covered with leaves ; drying up (water in
a well) ; (pi. of ghimd), Sheaths, scabbards,
cases.

Ajj*£ ghamuz, (A she -camel) of whose
fatness one cannot be certain except by
feeling (see ufJj^A and "S^*).

a gfaamus, Deep (stab) ; difficult,

intricate, mysterious (affair) ; a false oath,
gross perjury ; an oath, by which another's
property or rights are jeopardized ; a she-
camel having no appearance of pregnancy,
although being with foal.

a <j°)* A gAamiis, False (oath), perjury;
the lesser dog-star; name of one of the

^6

( 896 )

f even fortresses which Muhammad wrested
rom the people of Khaibav.
a ghumuz (v.n. of Being low

and level (ground) ; being unintelligible
(speech) ; conniving in buying and selling ;
(pi. of ghamz), Low-level grounds.

A iijii gh wmuzat (v.n. of u^*±), Being
low and level (ground) ; being unintelligible
(speech), having an occult meaning.

a gjmmum (pi. of ghamm). Cares,
griefs; small, scarcely visible stars.

a o** ghaml, Unhappy, sad, sorrowful;
[g&ami shudan, To be afflicted, pained,
wounded;] — ghame, A. grief, a sorrow.
a jW*^ ghani-ydr, Yawning, gaping ; sad.
a gjiamidan, To grieve, to be sad, to

sorrow (a verb apparently out of use, from
which the forms yUi and SJuui are derived).

a ghamir, Green grass which is over-
topped and sheltered from the sun by the
taller and drier herbage ; seed of the plant
buhmd ; plenty of water, an abyss.

A ghamis, Dark (night) ; unknown

(thing); darkness, obscurity, invisibility;
green grass growing amidst higher and
drier herbage ; a reed-bed or jungle,
wherein one may conceal himself ; — gh u-
maiK, Name of a tank or pond.

a *\ — «*£ ghumaisd', Name of a place ; the
lesser dog- star.

a p-i+k ghamim, Milk thickened by boil-
ing; sour, coagulated milk; green herbage
growing at the roots of the dry; [kurd'u 'l-
ghanum, Name of a valley between Mecca
and Madinah ; — ghumaim, Name of a valley
or river.

a (^>*i gharmn, Sad, sorrowful,
(jfc ghan, A heavy stone suspended for
pressing oil or cheese ; a stone or wooden
mortar.

A »Ui ghana! (v.n. of ^), Abiding (any-
where) ; supplying the place of another ;
freedom from want, competence, sufficiency ;
ricbes, wealth; profit, advantage, useful-
ness • power, ability ; — ghind', k song, air,
tune ; vocal music.

a iU* ghwnal (pi. of ghani). Rich.

«oUi gfaunada, Name of an instrument ;
also of a game.

a fU± fffcandm, Name of a camel ; — ghan-
nam, Name of two of Muhammad's com-
panions.

a t«U4 fjiunama, A great endeavour or
effort ; — h&za, ghundind-lca, This is your
concern, or should be your chief aim (cf.
csJUUi p. 869).

A (»JUi ghana 'im (pi. of gh.anlm.at), Spoils,
preys, booties ; plunderers, enemies.

g&umba, Clamour ; reproach, defa-
mation.

A £it ghunnat (v.n. of £>*), Talking
through the nose ; a sound emitted through
the nose, a nasal twang, nasality.

a git ghanj, A paint for the face ; a large

I sack, a portmanteau ; an amorous gesture,
a leer; when affixed to nouns it denotes
affection, as bimdr-ghanj " sick, in pain ; "
— ghanj, ghinj, Buttocks, thighs. (See the
following article.)

A cr 1 * ghv-nj, Black smoke ; — ghunj,
ghunuj, Amorous gestures, coquetry ; —
gkanaj (v.n.), Darting amorous glances ;
walking gracefully ; alluring, playing the
coquette ; an old man ;~ghanaj% 'l-qaum,
The head of the tribe.

ghanj'lr, Sj^i akanjara. A red
paint for the face ; amorous playfulness,
blandishment. (Construed with dddan, and
ytiwa shudan.)

JW 1 ^ g&anjdl, Green sour fruit.

ghanj ar, tj^A ghanj ar a, Paint for
the face.

L^7*^fc gkanjrash, ghinjrish, A frog,
u^r* gkanjmarish, J 1 ")**^ ghanjmush,
A frog.

ghunja, A rose-bud ; the blush of a
rose ; — ghanja (ghunja) kardan, To bake ;
to knead ; to collect.

y^sfji ghunjidan, To speak obscenely ;
to jest, play, toy.

t/yi gh uncb igl. Budding, blooming.
ghuncha, A rose-bud ; — ghuncha'i db,
A bubble ; — ghuncha'i arghawdn, A spark
of fire ; a live coal ; — gh.unc.ha bastan, To
form a bud ;— ghuncha biidan, To assemble ;
to collect oneself ;—g£uncka'i tarydk, A
poppy-bud ; — ghuncha Jchasbida7i (khwdbi-
dan), To lie meditating; — ghuncha zadan,
To bud ; — ghuncha shudan, To assemble, be
collected together, to collect one's thoughts,
to meditate ; — ghuncha shiguftan, The bud
opens into blossom; — ghuncha'i qali, Flower-
buds forming the design of a carpet; —
ghuncha'i Jcabgi dart, Name of the seventh
note ; — ghuncha Icardan, To knead ; — ghun-
cha gushddan (gushiidan), The bud opens ;
— ghuncha nishastan, To sit in deep thought,
(See also which occasionally occurs

in the same combinations).

^A-o A^-fc phuncha-peghfitoi. With con-
tracted brow, frowning ; austere, morose.

a jtU. ifcit ghuncha-lihatir, Afflicted, sad,
sorrowful.

s-—<s- ghuncha- khasb (t'V- Tchwdb),
Lying or sleeping with the bands and feet
drawn in (as the poor who have no cover-
ing) ; according to others a vagabond,
libertine, rake.

J j ghuncha-dil, = £U* q.v.

ylfej gh uncha-dahdn, s-*J ghun-
cha-lab, With a mouth or lips like a rose-
bud; a mistress.

J^* ghund, Collected, assembled ; a crowd.

a ghundar, ghundur, Fat, thick ; soft,
delicate (youth); — yd ghundar, O impor-
tunate (teaser or questioner) ! 0 you bore !

•*)) ghnnd-riid, A small brazen trum-
pet for collecting people together.

( 897 )

<J>m± gjiundish, Cotton beaten out of the
pod and made up into rolls.

■Jt^^ii. gfaiindmash, A kind of pulse, a
sort of French bean.

t,ui ghtmda, Collected, accumulated; a
ball of dough; cotton made up into rolls
for spinning ; a small brazen trumpet ; a
kind of spider or tarantula ; stink ; a sour
cake ; a bubble.

j> tAib gfeunda-bur, A knife, scissors.

jjj JSAAfc g]iwnda-rud, A small trumpet for
collecting people together.

,_S.ij-fc gfcandl, A cloud ; — gjiandi, ahundl.
see J % p. 261.

yj*&Afc gjiawhidan, To indulge in idle
talk, to talk nonsense.

a ^ ghanz (v.n.), Weighing heavily
upon, breaking the spirits (an affair) ; being
at death's door; — ghanz, gjianas, Excessive
grief ; grief or melancholy that brings one
nigh unfo the grave, but from which one
afterwards recovers.

gkuncpli (G. yoyyvX-q), A turnip.
ghang, A strong piece of hard wood,
from which they suspend the stone ghan ;
a loud noise ; an ass ; a wooden or stone
mortar.

a ^ g&anm, Name of a branch of the
tribe sa'lab ; — gjianm, ghunm. gkanam (v.n.),
Carrying off as plunder, getting booty ; —
g&unm, Plunder, Bpoil ; a fortunate hit ; —
gbanam, Sheep or goats ; cattle ; a flock.

f*- ghunav (imp. of g/tunudan), Sleep
thou ; sleep, slumber.

t\S jyJs gkunud-gah, A bed-chamber.

^jjrii gfcuniidagi, Drowsiness, slumber.
gkuntidan, To slumber, sleep, doze,
rest, repose ; to roll ; to faint.

sjjii gjiunuda, Sleeping, dozing, drowsy.
g&unun, Indolent, lazy, at leisure ;
monthly pay (doubtful word).

iiiy-t gfcunwand, Condition, pact, cove-
nant,

yji^ii g&unawidan, To doze, slumber.
ghunna, see A.

a l yi ghana (v.n.), Being independent of
ornament (a woman) ; abiding in a place,
settling ; living ; ability to do without, in-
dependence ; remedy, help ; escape ; — g^ind
(v.n.), Being rich, riches, wealth ; — ghanl,
Eich, wealthy ; independent, able to dis-
pense with ; — ghanl u tnuhtdj, Eich and poor.

<y gianHsdn, A cornel ; according to
others a sloe.

A gkaiiim, Plunder, spoil ; the ac-
quisition of a thing without toil and trouble;
taker of spoil, plunderer ; enemy, foe, ad-
versary.

a AiUaAA gk animana. Like an enemy, in a
hostile manner.

a gkanimat, ghanima (v.n. of
Carrying off booty ; making a fortunate
hit ; plunder, booty, spoil (taken especially
in a war with infidels) j anything acquired

without trouble or gratuitously ; abun-
dance, wealth, plenty ; affluence, good
fortune ; [ghanima shwmurdan, To account
as gain. Also construed with ddnietan,
kardan, gvriftan, &c] — g&unaimat, A little
sheep, &c.

a \J<& ut~*^t gAanlmat-kash, Who carries
off booty ; who draws gain or advantage
from.

***** ghanina, A bees-nest or hire; a
swarm.

gh&v, Thunder ; tunralt, noise ; a voice;
shouts of soldiers or clang of warlike in-
struments. (See y^).

A «&>^fc gkuwas, g&awds, A cry for help ;
an assistant, helper, defender.

a ;V> ghiwar (v.n. of jj£), Making hostile
excursions, invading ; — gAauwdr, Who
makes frequently hostile excursions ; a
whirlpool.

a VjV 4 g&awdrib (pi. of gjtdrib), Sum-
mits, upper parts.

A JjV* ghawdzil (pi. of gi.dm.lat), Spin-
ning women.

a (j^V 6 gAawdshi (pi. of gMshiyat),
Coverings for saddles, saddle-cloths.

a u*V* gjiawwas, A diver (for pearls) ;
penetrating, subtle ; name of a bird ; (for
T. qauwas), A policeman (m.c).

a (^"V 4 gAauwdsi, Diving ; a plunge into
water ; — gjiawwdsi kardan, To dive,
ghawdlang, A dried apricot.

a ghawdii (pi. of gAdliyat), Per-

fumes, Ac.

a <J^}* ghawdmi? (pi. of gAdmiz), Low-
lying places ; intricate questions, abstruse
matters.

a j.s'V 5 gAaivdnt (pi. of ghaniyat), Songs j
singing women, songstresses; women de-
spising ornaments, satisfied with their own
natural beauty ; girls much courted, yet
remaining contentedly unmarried in their
parents' houses; chaste women in general.

a A.>\y* gliawdyat (v.n. of ^j*), Being de-
ceived, erring ; eccentricities ; desperation.

a Jflj* ghawa'il (pi. of gbd'tiat), Mis-
fortunes, calamities, evils.

ciUjji ghabmah, A herb used in washing.

cwji ghot, A sling; a plunge into water;
a certain downy plant ; cheerful, ready.

ghauta, ghuta, A plunge under water
(cf. A. <V>).

•i •^'t* stilus, A cry for assistance,
generally with the word wd gAau$dh, i.e.
Help! help! an assistant, defender; one
who redresses complaints ; a title of Mu-
haminadan saints ; name of a tribe in
Taman.

a IgSji. gljfluslyat, gkaiisiyat, The state or
quality of a ghaus (see preceding article),
saintship, sanctity ; devoteeism.

a g&auj (v.n.), Being doubled, bent,
folded ; — g&auju 'l-labdn, (A horse) with a
broad chest.

( 893 )

9}^ gkvch, A horned ram used to fight.
ghueha, A cock's comb.

ut)*- ghaucM, A deep well.

)ft ghaur (ghawar), Violent pain (see /*) ;
— ghor, A catamite, a pathic; — ghilr, A
sort of measure weighing twelve sukhMk;
name of a country contiguous to Kandahar.

•*■ ^ ghaur (v.n.), Setting (the sun) ;
flowing down upon low ground (water) ;
being deeply sunk in the socket (eye) ;
waxing hot (day) ; benefiting, doing good;
expiating murder by a mulct ; water which
flows down upon low grounds ; soft ground ;
the bottom (of anything) ; depth, profun-
dity ; reflection, deliberation, deep thought,
profound research ; abstraction ; circum-
spection ; a cave, cavern ; sloping ground
west of Tihamah ; a low-lying district be-
twixt Jerusalem and Hauran, three days
journey in length and two leagues in
width ;~~ghiwar. The price o! blood.

\y* ghanra. Malediction, imprecation,
foolish talk.

I? )) & gjtur-bd. = W tjjt q.v.

a u^itaji ghawr-yarda kht.' Attend-

ance on .

a ,_s-j )}£ ghaur-rasi, Deep research.

a s-JU- jj* ghaut -talab, Requiring or de-
serving consideration.

a )»k ghaur-kdr, Bottom of any thing.

a tJf jft ghaur-karda, Meditated, de-
liberate, prepense.

a j,y* ghaur-kulll, Attentive investi-
gation.

tafy* ghoragl, Unripeness (of fruit) ; —
dar ghoragl mawiz shudan (to become raisin
while the grape is yet unripe, met.), Not
obtain one's wish, to be disappointed, to
perish ; — dar gjioragl mawlx kardan, To dis-
appoint ; to ruin, to destroy.

u~^* .y* ghor-magas, A fly of reddish
green.

I?;* 4 ghunvd, = W "jj* q.v.

AA^ji gh,tirwasha, A kind of herb with
which weavers smear their cloth and cur-
riers their hides.

Sjj4 ghofa, gh ura. Unripe grapes or dates ;
a colour in pigeons ; — gknra, afshurdan, To
cause to weep ; to envy ; to rejoice at
another's distress ; to overcome ; — gh ura
dar chaxhmi kase kardan, To worry another's
life ; — gJtura'i ma mawiz shud, We have
perished before reaching maturity (see dar
gkoragi mawtz shudan under ,jSy*).

1} ijji gkura-ha, Meat dressed with the
juice of unripe dates.

tSjji ghori, A sort of porcelain which
breaks the moment poison is put into it ; a
plate.

^.jjjj* gh urldan. To encourage to fight;
to put to flight ; to be satiated, satisfied.

a jji ghauz (v.n.), Intending, purposing,
aiming at.

Bjj± gjioza, A cotton-pod; a string of

silver beads, rosary (also called ghqza'i
nuqra) • — ghozd'i db. Bubble of water.

ghwha, A cotton -pod or nut; the
bud of a flower.

J>>yk ghosh, A very hard wood, of which
arrows, darts, and saddle- timbers are made;
the birch-tree ; the ear ; dung of animals ;
a led horse ; a look, a looking about,
amusement; stark-naked.

ghoshd, "Dung of animals ; a bunch
of dates or grapes ; an ear of corn ; a fold
foi cattle.

oUji ghoshdd, gkaushdd, A circular area ;
a halo ; a nocturnal fold for cattle ; a halt-
ing-place for caravans ; an inn ; a resort-
ing place of demons ; a tall tree ; dung of
animals.

gkoshdk, Dung of animals ; a fold
for cattle.

<J^i^ g&oshdy, An ear of corn, especially
those left by the reapers for the poor to
glean ; dried cows' dung, used as firing ; a
nocturnal fold for cattle.

ghansht, Herbs unfit for pasture
(unsupported by examples) ; — ghosht, Stark-
naked.

t&jA}£ ghavshang, A goad (see »s<jAyi),
ghoshna, ghoahana, An alkaline
herb, used to wash the hands ; a species of
mushroom.

ghosha, A herb, eaten when fresh,
and used when dry for washing clothes ; a
kind of food ; the birch-tree j an ear of
corn ; a cluster.

a (je^fc ghau? (v.n.), Diving, plunging
into water to bring anything up (especially
pearls) ; studying any subject to the
bottom.

a Vj* ghaut (v.n.), Being dipped or
plunged into ; sinking (as the feet amongst
sand) ; consideration, deep meditation ;
low-lying ground ; — ghut (pi. of ghd'ip).
Low-lying grounds.

a *>V± fX^t ghota.m-ghdta, A game in which
swimmers dip one another under water.

a dt^i ghota, Dipping, diving; a dip, a
dive ; — ghota khwurdan (zadan,firo burdan,
narnitdan), To dive, plunge; — ghota dddan,
To give a ducking.

a ghofa-bdz, A diver.

a 4kjfc gh°t.a>-k]iy>5>r, ^ A^fc ghota-
khwur, A diver ; whatever dips or is
dipped.

a <s^ ghofa-khpwri, The being

dipped.

a i\S ghota-gdh, A place for diving.

a aloyt ahotawar. A diver.

A »V£j£ gkaughd', Locusts of a reddish
colour, scarcely able to fly ; a confused mul-
titude of people; (in P.) a noise, cry,
tumult, uproar, clamour, disturbance, con-
test, squabble, quarrel, debate (construed
with shikastan and kardan) ; a company,
assembly (construed with uftadan, bat'

( 899 )

MkAstan, burdan, ddshtan) ; — ghatLgfid kar-
dan, To quarrel ; — gAaug&dyi hirdsandagdn,
Cry of penitents for mercy.

t_5'^;J i giaugjid'i, Noisy, riotous; name
of a bird ; uproar.

j^y 4 ghuglm, A pigeon, a dove.

Jr 4 ghoq (for gkok], A. frog.

g^oA, A frog ; a butt for archers.

O^j 4 gkokdn, A frog; frogs.

wjfi? gkok-chob, A stick for pl&yiag
at hockey or tip-cat ; faithless, fickle.

A Jy= ghaul (v.n.), Assaulting suddenly
and unexpectedly, overcoming and destroy-
ing; carrying off unawares; an oppression
of the mind, a loss of the senses (from
drunkenness) ; drunkenness, intoxication ;
a head-ache ; low-lying, sloping ground ;
distance of a desert, stretch, extension ;
name of a place ; — ghtil, Destruction, rain ;
an accident, calamity, misfortune; any-
thing which destroys reason ; a serpent,
dragon ; death, fate ; a man-devouring
demon (see the following article).

* Jj 4 $t&ol (for A. gJiHl), An imaginary
sylvan demon, of different shapes and
colours, supposed to devour men and ani-
mals (a congener of our European loupgarou,
or man- wolf) ; caverns made for the pro-
tection of cattle by night ; a band, troop,
multitude ; twin children ; a rogue, rascal,
bastard ; the seed of a plant called horses'
ear; the ear; — gjioli biydbdn, A demon of
the waste ; — gjioli eiydh, A dark night ; —
ghpldni rozgdr, Worldly-minded, unprin^
cipled people.

yjjSjt g/toldmdan, To cause to put to
flight.

i_#>W yt gkiiltdeh, A helmet.

gjioladanc), = ti&<J q.v.
gholak, A money-till, save-all ; the
pool in which gamesters put the stakes ; a
hidden thing, a myatery.
Jji ghulu, A peach (m.e.) .
dJjfc gh.av.la. Silly, out of one's mind ; —
gjkola, A granary ; a money-till, save-all ;
the pool.

eStJ i5jt g]iola-dang, Round, plump, fat,
stout ; vicious, turbulent, seditious.

gxJji g£olidan, To put to flight ; to in-
stigate to battle ; to chide, revile ; to
quench (thirst).

U*Jj* gAolln, A wide-mouthed cup, ewer,
or jar.

a ig)& gMawl, Seduced, led astray.

a }>.j± gjiuwair (dim. of ghdr), A little
cavern ; name of a river belonging to the
Banu Kalb.

gJiawisha, A kind of mushroom.

iijt g&uyah, A churn-staff ; a churn ; a
crane ; — ghuya zadan, To churn.

A ^r-v 6 g&ahab (v.n.), Doing anything
carelessly or thoughtlessly ; forgetting ;
thoughtlessness, forgetfulness.

a OK 4 ghahig, Long. bodied (camel).

a 13*9* ghahiq, Long-bodied (camel) ;
briskness, cheerfulness ; madness, insanity •

a c? 4 . ghaiy (v.n. of <£$*), Erring, straying
or being deceived ; deceiving, leading
astray: (v.n.) planting a standard; error,
sin ; deviation ; disappointment, despair ;
name of a valley or river in hell.

a v^i ghayafo (v.n. of s-**), Being
absent; — gMyab (v.n. of s-^), Being in-
visible; setting (the sun) ; being doubtful,
occult, mysterious ; (pi. of g]iaiV) doubts ;
— gJiaiydb, Absent, concealed.

a h^A ghayabat, Bottom (of a well or
valley) ; anything which conceals ; — gAu
ydbat (v.n. of s-**-), Lying hid, being in-
visible ; entering, being enclosed (one
thing within another).

a gMyds, Assistance, redress, suc-
cour ; — ghiydsu 'l-lugjiat, Title of a Persian
dictionary compiled in India.

a -^y gMyaswcmd, Name of a. tribe
(m.c).

A;W* gJtiydr (v.n. of yk), GivhigTainand
a plentiful crop ; entering into ; alighting
or reposing at noon-day ; setting (the sun) ;
(v.n. of j*fc) being jealous ; bartering (goods) ;
any piece of dress or uniform which dis-
tinguishes soldiers or sects of people; a
strip of yellow cloth worn by Jews in
Persia.

8jUfc ghaydza, A goad,

a ueW* g&iyds (v.n. of u 0 ^), Diving;
studying deeply.

a a- 1 * 4 ghiydsat (v.n. of u^), Diving ;
studying deeply, to the bottom of a matter ;
pearl-fishing; the place where a diver goes
down.

a u*W gMyaz (pi. of ghaizat), Forests,
places abounding in trees but having little
water.

i tUt ghiydt (pi. of gfed'it), Low lands.
a ^JW* ghaiy df, Long and large- bearded.
A fcj^** gjtaydn, Quicksilver.
a s-*± gjiaib (v.n.), Being absent, hidden;
lying hid ; being invisible ; setting (sun) ;
being doubtful, concealed ; absence, invisi-
bility, mystery, doubt; the invisible, the
inscrutable ; low-lying ground ; fat, grease,
fatness ; [junud w rijdlu 'l-ghaib, An army
of invisible spirits ; — 'dlami g&aib, The in-
visible world ; the future state ; the hidden
future ; — lisdnu 'l-g£aib, The mystic tongue
(surname given to Hafiz).

a ghaibat (v.n. of s-**), Being con-
cealed, absent, invisible ; concealment, ab-
sence, invisibility ; ecstacies ; [dar gh aibat.
In secret, secretly ;] — gjhibat, Slander, de-
traction, calumny ; anything secretly whis-
pered of an absent person (implying truth,
while buhtdn expresses a false accusation) ;
— glyhat hardan, To speak evil of an absent
person.

a ^a^ji g&ibatgar, A slanderer,

W> ( 900 )

a <j**i£ ghaibaU, Detractory, slanderous ;
a backbiter, slanderer.

a <siU- ghaib-Tdidna, A cabinet, closet,
private room ; a place where secrets or pre-
cious things are kept.

a ^^r^-ghaib-ddii, Skilful in discovering
mysteries ; a prophet, diviner ; omniscient.

a s-*i ghaib-ddni, Knowledge of

hidden things or mysteries.

gkaiba, Bits oi iron from -which
coats of mail and armour are wrought ; a
quiver ; rings in a shield of wood or twisted
silk ; carded cotton.

a ghaibi, Absent ; concealed ; invi-
sible ; future ; fatal ; heavenly, divine.

a t±**± ghais (v.n), (Eain) watering the
earth ; giving rain, causing it to fall ; rain
widely Bpread; far-extending clouds; plants,
especially such as grow with rain.

a ^ gjad (pi. of ghaidd'), Soft, delicate
women ; — ghayad (v,n.), Having a tender,
flexible neck ; being soft, tender, flexible ;
softness.

a ghaidd' (fem. of aghyad), Soft,

flexible, or mild.

a jslxJs ghaiddq, A place in the desert of
Kipjak.

!_5>\ji«i ghaiddqj, Proceeding or coming
from Ghaidaq ; — tlrl ghaiddqi, An arrow
of a very hard wood manufactured there.

a jtA g&air (v.n.), Being jealous ; water-
ing the earth (rain) ; sending rain, or any-
thing good (God) ; being useful, doing
good ; destroying, causing to perish ;
change, alteration ; other, different ; no,
not, un- ; except, beside, unless ; [ghair-
abad, Uncultivated ; not peopled, unin-
habited ; — ghair-ijehtiydri, Involuntary ; —
ghair ass, Except ; besides ; other than ; —
ghairi an, Except that ; — ghair-iflds, Not in
poverty, not in a Btate of bankruptcy or
insolvency, solvent ; — ghair-insdf, Unjust,
inequitable ; — ghair-insafi, Injustice ; —
ghairi ba'id, Not far distant ; — ghair-band-
u-bast. Not settled, (land) not included in
the revenue settlement; — ghair-pukhtagl,
Unripeness, immaturity ; crudity ; — ghair-
tajwlz, Not decided, undetermined ; — ghair-
tahqiq, Not verified, not certain, indefinite,
vague, doubtful ; — ghair - tarbiyat - ytifta,
ghair-tahglb, Untrained, undisciplined, un-
educated, unpolished, ill-bred, rude ; —
ghair -taqtiml, Undivided, not allotted ; —
ghair-jdzim, Inconclusive ; — ghair- (ghairi)
jdwidani, Not eternal, frail ; — ghair-jd'iz,
Illegal ; — ghair-jam' (khirdj), Rent-free ; —
ghair -jins, A different species ; — ghair-hdzir,
Absent ; — ghair-hdziri, Absence ; — ghair-
ihdlis, Insincere, impure ; — ghair- Icharch,
Extra expenses, extras, contingencies, mis-
cellaneous expenses ; — ghairi zdlik, Besides
this, besides ; — ghair-rd'ij, Not current; —
ghair-rasm, Morganatic (m.c.) ; — ghair-
sakin, Not resident; — ghair-shdji, Incon-

clusive ; — ghair-ehaM?, Another person,
a stranger ; a third person ; — ghairsha'ri,
Unlawful ; — ghair-ehaffdf, Not transparent,
opaque ; — ghair-sd'ib, Unworthy ; — ghair-
'aldqa, Territory beyond the limits of
(one's) jurisdiction ; foreign rule or ad-
ministration ; — ghair-kafi, Insufficient, in-
adequate, incapable ; — ghair-kdmil, Imper-
fect ; — ghair karra, Another time ; — ghair-
muta'assir, Ineffectual ; ineffective ; — gh air-
mutaraqqab, Unexpected, unlooked-for; —
ghair-mutaedm, Unequal ; ■ — ghair-muta-
'dhid, Uncovenanted ; — ghair-muta'aiyin,
ghair - mutanahi (mahdud), Unlimited,
boundless ; — ghair - musmir, Unfruitful,
barren ; — ghair-mahzuz,, Discontented, un-
happy ; — ghair-murattab, Out of order,
disarranged ; — ghair - marzlya, Unaccept-
able, unpleasant ; — ghair-mazru' (rnazru'a),
Uncultivated land ; — ghair-muedwl, Un-
equal; — ghair-musta'mal, Not in use, ob-
solete, old-fashioned; unusual, extraor-
dinary, rare ; — ghair -mushakhkha?, Unap-
propriated ; undetermined, undefined ; in-
discriminate ; — ghair - mashrut, Uncondi-
tional, absolute ; — ghair-maghkuk, Doubt-
less, undoubted ; — ghair-maslahat, Unad-
visable ; inexpedient ; — ghair-matlub, Not
desired; undesirable; — gkair-mu'tabar, Not
trustworthy ; incredible ; invalid, null ; —
ghair-ma'mul, Unusual; informal; — ghair-
ma'hud, Unusual, extraordinary ; — ghair-
mu'aiyan, Undetermined ; — ghair-maghlub,
Unconquered ; — ghair ■-mufid, Unprofitable ;
— ghair-maqbuza, Not in possession ; un-
appropriated ; — ghair-maqdur, Impossible ;
— ghair-muqarrar, Indefinite ; — ghair-mu-
qaehshar, Unpeeled, in the bark ; — ghair-mu-
kammal, Incomplete, imperfect, defective ;
— ghair -malfuza, Not pronouuced (the silent
h) ; — ghair-mulki, Foreign ; a foreigner ; —
ghair - mumkin, Impossible, impracticable,
not feasible ; — ghair-mumkinu 't-tardid, Not
to be refuted, unanswerable ; irrefragable ;
not to be reversed, irreversible; irrevo-
cable ; — ghair-mumkinu 't-taqslm, Indivi-
sible, not liable to partition ; — ghair-mum-
kinu 'z-zira'at, Incapable of cultivation ; —
ghair - mwmkinu '1-wusHl, Irrecoverable ; —
ghair-munaeib, Improper ; unsuitable ; —
ghair-muntahi, Unlimited ; interminable,
endless ; — ghair-munsarif, Indeclinable ; —
ghair manqvla, Immovable, fixed ; real (as
property) ; — ghair-mankuha, Unmarried;
illegitimate ; — ghair-maurusl, Not inherited ;
— ghair-ndfiz, Inoperative, of no effect ;—~
ghair -nizdml, Civil (opp, to military) ; —
ghair-wdjib (wdjibi), Contrary to reason or
law ; improper, wrong, unjust ; not due ; —
ghair-wdqi', Unfounded, untrue, not con-
forming to the circumstances;] — ghiyar
(pi, of ghirai), Provisions, &c. ;-~ghuyur
(pi. of ghayur), Jealous.

ghir, A florid ulceration of the skin.

( 901 )

a gfrairat (v.n. of j**), Being jealous ;
jealousy ; zeal ; a nice sense of honour ;
[ghfrirati ildhiya, A holy zeal ; — ([haired
burdan (khwurdan. ddshtan, toshidan), To
be jealous;] — ghirat, Provisions (especially
brought from abroad) ; rain ; a plenteous
crop ; the atonement or mulct for murder.

a uuj^i ghairai-aftd, Increasing jea-
lousy or envy.

a gjiairat-kash, Enduring jea-

lousy j jealous.

a auw^i g&airatmand, JytA g&airati,
Jealous.

J b ghlr-sad, A son of a whore, a bas-
tard, a rascal (see -^j

A ^Sj** ghairlyat, Change, alteration ;
strangeness, unreality j jealousy.

Ji£ (tiexh, imp. of —

0^>£ gheishidan, To move along or hitch
forwards on the hips; to walk upon all
fours ; to crawl upon hands and knees ; to
crawl as a serpent.

a oLji gjiawan, Youth, impetuosity of
youth, flower of youth ; sort, kind ; men,
people.

tf' >»" . i r * jfhisidan, To faint, to droop.

lA** g&ish, Much, copious, abundant
(Baid of anything) ; sorrow, sadness ;
afflicted circumstances ; a thick wood.

tcM^si g&ishanidan (caus. of gfcisMdan),
To make long for.

<Lt*& gtegha, A forest ; a reed-bed ; a
reed of which they make sacks for carrying
earth ; such a sack.

a^e ghi&hidan, To crave for, to desire.

a (jA^fc g&aiz (v.n.). Decreasing, sinking
into the ground (water) ; falling (as the
price of commodities) ; causing to subside
(water), to become cheap (goods) ; abortus,
immature fruit, of the womb ; [g^aiz min
faiz, Any little out of a large quantity ;] —
gM*> The Bpathe of the palm-tree ; a bud,
a blossom.

a g&aizat, A forest ; a place abound-
ing in trees, but having little water ; a
swamp, a low-lying place ; a haunt, a den.

A Km ghaiz (v.n.), Rendering extremely
angry, putting in a passion ; rage, fury,
wrath ; passion, indignation, impetuosity ;
beginning of anger, first signs of it ; name
of a man ; — nd'ira'i ghaizi tvmur, The fire
of Timur's wrath.

a *-A»i gbaif, A flock of birds.

a ghayafdn (v.n. of <-***), Waving
(as a tree) from side to side.

a J* 4 ghail (v.n.), Suckling a child or
having intercourse with a man when
pregnant (which is prohibited by the Mu-
h&inm&dan law) ; the milk of a pregnant
woman, or given during intercourse ; a
strong, nervous, brawny aim ; the flesh of
a big child or lad ; water irrigating or over-
flowing sown fields; a line drawn upon
anything ; name of a brook at the foot of

Mount Abu Qubais in which the fullers
wash their clothes ; a valley full of trees
and water ; whatever appears near although
a great way off ; the variegated border of a
garment ; a wide garment ; name of several
places; — gJs.il, A forest, wood, thicket; a
reed-bed ; a valley full of trees and water ;
— gjdyal (pi. of gMlat), Unexpected and
treacherous attacks.

a qK£ giaildn, Name of a poet ; [mjmmw
gJiaildn, Egyptian thorn (see y^A*) ;] —
ghilan (pi. of gjiul), Sylvan demons ; acci-
dents, misfortunes ; destructions.

a gfiilat, An unexpected and treache-
rous attack.

a A*± gjiailam, A male tortoise ; a pretty
and lascivious girl ; a well-spring ; a frog ;
name of a place.

ghaim, A sponge, probably related

to —

A i+t£ ghaim (v.n,), Thirsting, being hot
within ; being overspread with clouds ; a
cloud ; thirst, internal heat ; a distemper
in camels.

A g]iain (v.n.), Thirsting; thirst;
a cloud covering the sky ; name of the
letter £ ; — gjiin, Name of a place where
fever is prevalent.

je* gkev, Clamour, noise great and loud.

A s-'j** ghuyub (v.n. of s-tfi), Lying hid,
being invisible ; (pi. of s-e±) doubts.

A XlftA gkuyabat (v.n. of s-e^), Lying
hid, being concealed ; doubt ; a secret,
mystery.

a g&uyus (pi. of glials), Bains.

Aj^*A ghayur, jealous in point of love
or honour ; high-minded ; an epithet of
God ; — 'atishi g^ayur-soz, Jealousy's con-
suming fire.

a gAayurdn (P. pi. of the pre-

ceding), Holy men ; — ghayurdni shab, Those
who keep watch by night ; devotees, lovers.

a <j_y*£ gjiayiiri, Jealousy.
gh iya. A cry for help.

a s-ipfi glmihab. Darkness ; extremely
black (horse) ; anything black or dark; an
indolent, careless, foolish man ; heavy,
troubled with indigestion ; very woolly
(garment) .

a (Jv^ ghaihaq, A long-bodied camel ;
cheerfulness, sprigbtliness ; madness.

a fvv* 6 ghaikam, Darkness.

<-* /, called fd'i sa'Jas, the twenty-third
letter of the Arabic- Persian alphabet, ex-
pressing 80 in arithmetic, and, in alma-
nacks, the moon in her altitude. It has
the sound of the English /, and in Persian

( 902 )

frequently interchanges with b, p, and w
or v.

a <~tfa, A conjunction implying succes-
sion or a short interval between two actions,
to be translated by then, thereupon, so, &c.

U fa, A beloved object ; bashful ; (for
ha) with, as fa o gwft, He spoke with him ;
fa o raft, He went with him ; (for wa)
again, once more ; against, opposite to, from
the other side ;—fd-ddshtan, To meet, con-
front, to oppoBe.

a »U fa', Froth of the sea ; name of the
letter «-*, denoting 80 in arithmetic,

o y^UfdMs, jz-i^ fdbwh, A bean.

fat, Name of a plant or medicine ;
(probably from A. fata " he died ") death ;
— fat ydftan, To die,

a £*U fatih, Who or what opens ; a con-
queror ; a taker (of a city, &c).

a a=^'U fdtihat, fatiha (fem.), Who or what
opens ; a beginning, exordium, commence-
ment ; the first chapter in the Qur'an (with
Muhammadans what the Lord's prayer is
with Christians); — faiiha'i buzurgdn,Pra,yers
for the dead ; — fatiha khwdnd, He recited
the first chapter of the Qur'an ; he cursed ;
— fatiha'i fikrat, The first word of a sen-
tence ; — sura' i fatiha, The opening Surah of
the Qur'an.

a ,_5>\}<*- fdtiha-khwdni. An assembly
convened to offer prayers for the dead ; —
fdtiha-khwdni bar-chidan, To break up such
an assembly.

a y&s. fatiha- khair. A prayer for good
or for blessings ; a marriage-prayer ; mar-
riage ; blessiugs on the dead.

?^ fdtir, Weak, languid; remiss; dim
(eye) ; lukewarm, tepid (water) ; — khatiri
fdtir-aeh, His languid soul, dull wit.

i&f?^ fdtarsin, Wild rue; seed of nas-
turtium.

yiJA y\i fdtar shudan, To ascend, be or
high.

A ^^fatiq, One who cleaves open.

a uiti\ifatik, Intrepid, Btrong; a robber.

a yJU fdtin, Tempter, trier, prover ; one
who leads astray, a seducer ; the devil ;
tempted, tried, seduced ; fascinated.

yJiyJVi faturidan, To be farther off ; to
keep on one side, to shun, to avoid ; to be
afraid ; to put away ; to straighten.

(jj-s-jJU fdtusln, Wild rue ; seed of nas-
turtium.

j\i fdtuVtdan, — <$&ijf\i q.v.

k gju /asy, A young (camel) in foal ; also
one fat, and not conceiving the first year.

a jyU fdsur, A slab of marble, gold, or
silver; a large salver or plate upon which
other cups or dishes are placed ; a large
vessel from which smaller ones are filled ;
a vessel in which wine is kept ; the sun's
disc ; a troop of soldiers stationed on the
confines of an enemy for reconnoitring and
making inroads ; a spy j a post, station.

6^ faj, A branch (see of which it is
perhaps a misreading).

I«WV* faj dm, Straggling fruits remaining
on trees after the general gathering ;
above.

A f^fajir, A sinner, liar; an adulterer,
fornicator ; rich ; an enchanter, magician,
sorcerer.

a ift-^i fdjira, An unchaste woman, an
adulteress, a harlot,

a &/iAJ fdjira-bacha, A son of a whore,

a iJ^\i fdjisha, The testicles of a beaver.

A faji', Disastrous, calamitous

(death) ; sorely afflicted ; a kind of black
bird having the beak and legs red (= gh u -
rabu 'l-bain q.v. under s-'VO'

<h-^i fdja, A yawn.

a fdhish, Shameful, dishonest, in-
decent, obscene, impudent, flagitious ; enor-
mous, exceeding bounds (in anything bad) ;
avaricious in the extreme; ugly, mis-shapen;
d is proportionate .

a fdhishat, fdhisha, A whore ; any-
thing extremely bad, an abominable crime,
an enormity ; whoredom, adultery ; any-
thing forbidden by the law.

a ^^ii^Ai fdhishagl, Whoredom, prosti-
tution.

a nJ^Xi fahisha-dost, A whore-

monger.

a (jS-jJ 4Aa»U fdhisha-dostl, Whoremon-
gery.

A (joa-U fdhis, An examiner, searcher.

a fdhim, Harsh-voiced (ram) ; very
black, jet-black, coal-black (hair) ; water
stagnating, not flowing.

fdkh. A branch, a twig.

a usXas-U fdkhtak, A little ring-dove.

a <UiU fakhta (A, fdkhitaf), A ring-dove.

a ^ fakhto:-ch\hr, With a dove-like
face.

a -v>r* fdkhta-zarb, Name of the

seventeen "seas" of musical modulation
(see usuli fakhta under Jy^ p. 69).

a l _ s *sA» fdkhiti, Dove-coloured.

a fakMa'l, Dove-colour.

a j^Xi fdkhir, fern. fdJsMrat, fdkhira, A
boaster ; precious, valuable ; excellent,
honourable, distinguished ; a large sort of
date without stone ; — kMl'ati fdkhira, A
rich dress presented by Eastern princes
to those whom they mean to honour.

6jiU fdkhara, Name of a medicinal
grain.

yj-dAi fCikhldan, To pluck, pull ; to beat
or card cotton ; to throw a javelin ; to take,
receive ; to assemble, collect.

^ju^ ysiU fdkhez dmada,n, To crawl ; to
go staggering or tottering along (as a
child or a drunken man).

a fa'd (v.n.), Hitting, wounding in
the heart ; making one a coward ; making
a place under the ashes for baking bread ;
baking bread under the ashes; — fa' ad,

( 903 )

(T.n.), Labouring under, or complaining of,
a disease or pain of the heart (fudd).

(jj^fcUU fd-d&8htan (for vid-ddehtan), To
retain ; to keep before or opposite, to
front ; to oppose, to meet face to face.

goll fddaj, Name of a stone from China ;
the bezoar-stone.

A &\i fddih, Important, difficult ; op-
pressive.

A yi^ifadir, Weak, knocked up (Btallion) ;
aged (mountain-goat) ; also one young and
strong ; a she-camel separating from the
herd.

fadzahar, The bezoar-stone.

AjVi/ttr, A human muscle; — fa'r (v.n.),
Digging, burying, hiding ; (pi, of fa'rat)
mice ; musk.

s*\)U fdrdb, Name of a province in Tur-
kistan ; name of a city in the same province,
called by the Turks sirdm ; land watered
by irrigation.

a fdrdn, Name of a mountain men-
tioned in the Thorah (mount Paran).

A SyU fa'rat, A mouse (male or female) ;
wind which collects round the pastern of
camels and makes them limp, wind-gall ;
a bag of musk ; — fa'ratu 'l-ihl (according
to others fdratu '1-ibV), A fragrant smell
proceeding from a camel after eating odo-
riferous herbs ; — fa'ratu (fdratu) 'l-musk,
A musk-bag ; strong smell of musk.

a £_)U farij, A dispeller of grief.

JjU fdrd, f&rid, Name of the first round
at the game of nard (of which there are
seven ; see jy).

a JjU fa-rid, Alone ; solitary ; (a doe)
separated from the herd; the best and
whitest sugar; name of a tribal branch in
Najd.

A fariz, Clear, distinct (speech).

a y*>U fare, Persia, Parthia. Pars is
the proper and original name of this
country, Pars being a corruption of the
Arabians, who have not the letter ^ in
their language.

a fdris, Mounted upon any solid-
hoofed animal ; a horseman, a cavalier ; a
lion ; the Persians ; Persia.

<j gyijUi-jU fdristdriyun, Valerian.

a tj-jL* fdrsl, Persian, Persic ; — zabdni
fdrsl, The Persian language.

a o^s-y^ fdreiydn, The Persians.

a g\j4. ^y-jU fdrsl-ihpdn (<j)\j dan), One
who reads (knows) Persian; a Persian
scholar.

a fdriz, Aged (cow) ; anything old ;
anything bulky, large, corpulent ; one who
knows and understands.

A t)U farit, A leader ; one who goes on
before a herd, a troop, or a caravan to
prepare water for them ; also the first in a
flight of the birds called qatd.

a gUyU fdrifdn, Two stars before the
Bear.

a f dri^, Free ; ceasing from labour,
having just finished any work; at ease;
free from care; unrestrained; empty, hol-
low ; (in P.) leisure ; joy ; a summer
breeze ; — fdrighti, 'l-bdl (.hdl), Independent ;
contented.

a (jW^A* fdrigh/u, 'l-bali, and —

a ^JV^AjVi fdrigh-bdll, Joy, gladness.

a i^Mt*;^ fdrigJi-khattl, A written release.

($xt) U fd-raftan, To be before or greater
than others, to excel ;—fd-ruftan, To sweep
out.

a j^i fdriq, Who or what decides or dis-
tinguishes ; a discerner; a separator, di-
vider ; (a camel or ass) near delivery and
withdrawing from the herd ; (a cloud)
separated from others.

m>jU fdraqlu (Q-. irapd.KX.Tjroi), The Com-
forter.

a fdriqln, Name of a city in Eum

(more fully called q.v.).

A *4>U fdrik, (A woman) hating her hus-
band.

(jjj^jj, \i fd-randidan, To shovel away.

a jyU fdruq, Timid to an extreme ; a
discerner ; surname of Umar (as discrimi-
nating between truth and falsehood at an
early stage of Islam, or as making orthodoxy
distinct from, i.e. triumphant over, infi-
delity) ; — tirydqi fdruq, The best kind of
treacle or antidote (as a discriminator be-
tween health and disease).

a tjn fdrih, Ingenious, clever; active,
brisk, sprightly (horse, &c).

fdrydb, fdrydv, Ground watered
by irrigation.

a ftizir, An open road ; a reddish-
black ant.

a £j\*fazi', Afraid, frightened.

fi fazh, Yawning.

^A^jU fdzhdnldan (caus. of fazhidan),
To cause to yawn, <&c.

«4>jU fdzhada, Yawning ; a canopy, shade.

yJujU fazhidan, To yawn, gape, stretch.

a fa's (v.n.), Cleaving ; striking with
a hatchet ; touching or hurting on the back
of the head ; a hatchet ; an axe ; the bit of the
bridle, or rather a piece of iron suspended
to the bit ; the nape where it joins the neck.

isJjS-li fastarak, A little behind ; a swal-
low.

a •i-^i fdsid, Vicious, corrupt, perverse,
depraved, naught ; invalid, null and void ;
— fdsidn 'l-mizdj, Of bad disposition ; —
fdsid shudan, To putrefy (intr.) ; — -fdsid
kardan, To render putrid, to putrefy (trans.),
to corrupt (mm.cc).

a 8J-.U fdsida (fern, of the preceding),
Vicious, &c. ; — akfyldqi fdsida, Bad or
vicious dispositions or manners.

a (J-U fdsiq, A worthless, impudent
fellow, scoundrel, prevaricator ; a sinner,
fornicator, adulterer; a sodomite; one whose
evidence is not admissible on account of

^ (

his neglect of decorum in behaviour and
appearance.

a a*«.U fdsiqa, A lewd woman, an adul-
teress, a barlot.

Oj*-^ fasqun, Name of a forest in Bum.

^j^fdsk. Manifest, clear, public, divulged,
spread abroad ; scattered ; — fash kardan, To
reveal, divulge, publish, blazon abroad.

A. fdshdn, Name of a village near
Marv.

fqshrd, A species of ivy, producing
clustering fruit,

tj^-y ^M* fash mstavii, Seed of nose-
smart.

bt (j^aArfjMi fdshiristln, A kind of wild
vine ; the black vine.

C)*-/>^ fdsharsin, Mustard-seed ; wild
rue.

a fdshi, Divulged, diffused, made
known ; propagated, multiplied ; — mauti
fashl, Wide-spreading death ; plague, pes-
tilence ; — ndshl u fashl tihudan, To be
brought to light and published.

a fasil, A separator ; decisive (sen-
tence) ; separating ; — fasil budan, To sepa-
rate (m.o.).

a <SL>U fasilai, fasila, Space, intermediate
apace, distance ; any thing separating one
from another ; the end of a verse or period
in the Qur'an ; a large bead between two
smaller ones in a rosary ; a metrical foot ;
— fdsila'i sup&ra, Three moved letters before
one quiescent, as zarabat = s — ' ' — ; —
fasila' kubra, Four moved letters before one
quiescent, as zarabatd = w ^ w — .

a J-tU fdzil, fern. 3X*U fdzilat, fdzila,
Abounding, excelling, exceeding ; overflow-
ing, redundant; excellent, virtuous, an
accomplished person; learned; preponde-
rating ; whatever is realised over and above
the estimated produce ; a remainder ; —
fdzilu 'd-dahr. The best of his age.

a uwSWi fdzilat (pi. of fdzilat), Re-
dundancies, superfluities, <fcc. ; overflowing
waterB.

a (jfy ^yUfdzil-bdqi, A balance in favour ;
a surplus.

a *UU fdzilat, Beneficence; a valuable
present ; distinguished virtue ; prerogative,
privilege.

aytluA^ fdziltar, Better, more excellent.

^ fdt.j Zedoavy ; nux vomica ; poison.

a ^ fdtir. The Creator ; — fdtim 's-samd-
wdt-i wa 'l-arz, Creator of the heavens and
the earth.

A Mi fdtim, A eolt ready to wean ; a
camel whose colt is a year old, and there-
fore weaned from her.

A £*U± fdtimat, fdtirna, A woman who
weans her child; a female proper name;
name of Muhammad's daughter, called
also fdtimatu 'z-zahrd' saiyidatu 'n-nisd' ; —
murgM fdtima, A wagtail.

a £e*W fdtimiyat, The Intimites, a

904 )

dynasty which reigned in Egypt from the
year 908 to 1171.

a fdtin, Intelligent, penetrating.

a JcU fd'il, One who makes or performs ;
a maker, doer, performer; an agent, actor;
(in grammar) governing (as one word an-
other), the active participle, the noun of
agency, the nominative case (subject to a
verb which, in Arabic, it generally follows) ;
a pederast (the pathic being called Jj«a»
q-v.) ;— fd'ili haqiql, The true agent (God) ;
— fd'ili mukktdr. Master of one's own
actions; — fd'il u mafUl, The subject and
the object (in Grammar) ; — ismi fd'il, A
noun denoting the agent ; — taqdlri fd'ili
mukhtdr, Divine predestination.

a tktefdHla, A harlot.

a fd'ili, Effective, efficient ; — 'illati
fd'iliya, An efficient cause.

a fd'iliya, The quality or the nature
of agent or noun of agency ; agency.
fd'iya, Root of the water-lily.

j*^* fdjdir, A fragrant flower in India.

Sjili faghpra, A spice of the size of a
vetch.

u-f^ fdjf&Hs, J»)*-\* fag&ush, An acrid
Indiau medicine.

a 4**^ fdff&iya, A certain fragrant yellow
Indian flower ; privet-flowers ; any fragrant
blossom.

ViL* fdfd, Choice, excellent, rare, astonish,
ing.

ysJi^i f&flttar, The rind of a melon, <&c. ;
stupid, stolid.

jI»U fafir, A reed or rush of which mats
are made.

A JS^ fdq, The notch of an arrow ; a large
dish full of meat; cooked olive oil; a
desert ; name of a long-necked water-bird.

a fdqat, fdqa, Poverty, necessity,
want; a day's fast; — faqrufdqa, Poverty
and want.

A ^ fdqid, Missing or unable to find
anything lost ; (a woman) lamenting the
loss of husband and children ; one who
marries after the decease of her husband ;
(a doe) missing her young which has been
carried off by a wild beast.

a iyli faqirat, A misfortune; the begin,
ning of anything ; a bridle running through
a ring inserted in a camel's nose.

a g»U fdqi', Intense (yellow or red) ; pure,
unmixed, bright (colour).

a fdqa-hash, A faster.

a A5U fdqa-hashl, Fasting, hunger.

a u — - «Vi fdqa-maet, One who is starving,
but conceals his distress ; a poor starveling
who affects the airs of a wealthy man.

a « «U fdqa-masti, Cheerfulness in
want or adversity.

a fdlcih, Soft, delicately brought up ;
joyous, glad, cheerful.

yj^f U fd-giriftan (for wd-giriftan), To
meet ; interrupt, intercept.

( 905 )

A fa'l, fal, An omen, augury, presage ;
a lot, portion (as of fruit, &c.) ; construed
with the verbs bar-dwardan, bar khd start,
bastan, justan, zadan, guxdshtan, nihddan,
&c. ; [fdli sangak. Divining by pebbles ; —
fali shdna, Taking omen or divining by the
shoulder-plate of a sheep; — fdli kaland,
Divining by the sound of a pickaxe ; — fal
giriftan, To foretell, divine, more especially
to take an omen from the poems of Hafiz;
— fale ba-chand, How much the lot ?] fal.
Weak (in mind), imprudent ; (for P. pal)
name of a place in Persia ; — fi'al, Name
of a game (hiding some object in sand,
which is parcelled out to the players, the
one in whose lot the object is found being
the winner.

K ^ fo-lij, A paralytic affection of one
side of the body, hemiplegia ; a large camel
with two bunches j name of a man ; an
arrow reaching the mark ; (hence in P.)
victorious; assisted, defended.

a »Jj gJU fdlij-zada, Paralytic.

u-^lU falirghus, y«y^ fdlirghus (Gr.
irtXapyos), A stork.

a fdl-zan, A soothsayer, diviner.

a «ai£*- JU f&l-sangak, Pebbles for divin-
ing.

a. iji^faliq, He who splits open, brings
forth, creates ; a palm-tree whose blossoms
have burst forth from the pod ; name of a
place; — faliqu 'l-habb, Who produces the
leaf from the seed ; — faliqu 'l-sabafi, Creator
of morning.

ajV*s3U falak-baz, A conjurer, fortune-
teller.

a j£SU fal-go (gii), «j/ JU fdl-goy {guy),
A fortune-teller ; a soothsayer.

a J^yS JU fdX-gogh (fdli gosh), An omen
taken from the first words that reach the
ear.

a JU fdl-go'i (gu'i), Fortune-telling,
soothsaying, divination, augury.

a pS JU fdl-gir, A soothsayer.

a JjlLi fdlud (from P. pdlad),
Strained.

a. EJjJVi fdludaj, J-^U fdludaq, SJjSU fa-
h'tda (for P. pallida q.v., p. 233), Strained,
clear; a dish made of starch, honey, and
water, sweet flummery.

a jyii fdlilz, vpy^ fdlfizaq (for P.
q.v. p. 233), A kind of sweetmeat; — fdldz,
Steel (cf. jSjj p. 260).

« fall, Native or inhabitant of Pal,
Burname of Qutbu 'd-din, author of the
Taqrib and other works.

y^^fdlez, A field of melons.

(^y^U fdlinue, Fumitory.

/am, Form, appearance ; like, resem-
bling ; name of a town in Khurasan ;
joined to nouns of colour, it implies a
tendency to such colours, as : — tumurrud-
fwrn. Or an emerald-colour; — siyah-fam,
Somewhat black; — kabfid-fdm, Bluish;—

ku^l-fdm, Of the colour of collyrium, black ;
— (for warn). Debt.

A f*\i fa'm (v.n. of r ^), Having the
mouth full of grass (a camel) ; drinking to
satiety ;— -fa' am (v.n.), Being full of fat
(the withers of a camel).

JV"^ 1 fam-tureh, Morose, disagreeable.

y» fdmir, if'U fdmira, A city in Turki-
stan.

j«Li*»U fdmshdm, Name of the intellect of
the eighth heaven.

a famiyat, fdmiya, Name of a city
in Syria.

ce)UU fdndk, One who strongly articulates
the letter «-J fd in talking,

fanaki, The fault of pronouncing
the letter J fd much when speaking.

a y~yU fan-us, A pharos, a light-house ; a
whisperer, a tale-bearer, a pickthank ;• —
fanusi JsMydl (Jchiyall, gardtin), A lantern
which revolves by the smoke of the candle
within, and has on the sides of it figures of
animals, &c. : a magic lantern; the heavens ;
— fanusi ndranj, A lantern made of the
hollow of an orange.

&U fdna, A wedge ; a wooden peg, which,
dropping into a lock, prevents it being
opened till that is drawn up ; a small cis-
tern ; (for zafdna) flame ; the tongue of a
balance.

a (_s*Vi fdnl, Frail, transitory, perishable,
inconstant ; tottering (old man) ; (in the
parlance of the Sufis) one who has reached
the state of fand', or annihilation ; — fdnl
shudan, To disappear, to become annihilated ;
— in jahdni fd.nl, This transitory world.

a ^fdnlz (from P. p. 233, where
the two meanings should be separated by a
semicolon), Sugar-candy ; a sweetmeat.

a «"U fa'w (v.n.), Striking, splitting (the
head with a sword) ; a fissure between two
mountains ; a narrow pass through a valley
leading into an open country.

fawn, Shamed, dishonoured; dis-
honour, disgrace ; fdwd btidan, To be ex-
posed.

a fawdniyd, fdvniyd, Name of
a wood, called also 'CidiCs-salib " wood of
the cross," q.v. uuder ^ 'tid, p, 872.

fdham, Together ; — fdham dmadan,
To suit ; to be drawn together.

a fahim, Understanding; intelli-

gent.

a C ?U faih, Diffusing odour.

a i^jU fd'ihat, Fragrance, perfume.

jliU fly ad. Until.

a faidal, fd'ida, Profit, gain (of
learning or wealth) ; utility, advantage,
emolument ; a note, notice, advertisement ;
the point or moral of a tale ; inference ;
corollary; a sign, mark, asterisk; obser-
vation; explanation; construed with burdan,
dddan, &c. ;—pur-fd' ida-tar, More replete
with advantage, more beneficial.

( 906 )

a aaj- itf\ifd'ida-mand, Profitable, useful.

a fd'iz, An overcomer; overtaking,
reaching, attaining.

a 6yVi fa' ha, Name of a slave-girl of
Harfm-ar-Rashid, mother of Al-Mamun.

a ijuM fd'iz, Abundant, overflowing,
affluent, exuberant ; liberal ; excellent ; —
fd'izu 'e-surur, Diffusing joy ; — fd'izu 'n-nur,
Luminous.

A fd'iq, Superior, super-excellent,

superfine, transcendental, overtopping ; pre-
ferable ; paramount , the joining of the head
with the neck ; — dawd'i fd'iq, A sovereign
remedy.

A JJU fd'il, The flesh of the side or the
hollow part of the hip ; the artery of the
thigh ; weak in mind, silly.

JW* A beginning, commencement.

a Ipi fabihd, Well and good ! then, be it
so ! (In the apodosis wa'illd " if not, other-
wise," is used ; see $\ } ).

u-^i fapus, fupus, Ridicule, derision,
laughter, mockery, sarcasm ; cream.

A ufi fait (v.n.), Breaking with the
fingers; crumbling; — fatt, fiti, futt (The
members of a family) scattered here and
there.

a fat' (v.n.), Ceasing, desisting, ab-
staining; breaking; extinguishing ;—fata'
(v.n. of \^*), Forgetting ; desisting -—fata'
(v.n. of Being young, and begetting

offspring then ; being generous ; youth,
juvenile age; — fita' (pi. of fatly), Toung
(animals).

a fuidt, P.fatdt, A crumb; a frag-
ment.

A c*"** fatt&h, An opener; a conqueror; a
judge, an arbiter ; one of the names of God ;
name of a certain bird.

yjbi fut&dan (for uftadan), To fall; —
futddan ba, To remain fixed or firm with.

^jLxI futadagi (for uftadagi), A fallen
Btate ; humility, vileness.

sjUI futdda, Fallen ; a fall, slip, tumble.

A jUi fitdr (v.n. of fi), Being weak, lan-
guishing; slackening, flagging ; being luke-
warm (water) ; measuring with ibefitr, i.e.
the span between the tip of the thumb and
forefinger; — futar, The beginning of ebriety.

yjjjUi fitdrtdan, To dig up; to scatter;
to tear ; to cleave, to sunder.

isJUi fatdk, Particular, special ; intense ;
the plant hind.

a fattak, A daring robber ; — futtak
(pi. otfdtik), Intrepid, strong; robbers.

jUi fatal, A twisting, coiling ; a tearing
up; dispersion, diffusion; a newly-planted
tree ;—fitdl, Tearing ; a cutting or breaking.

yAjsJUi fatalidan, fitdlldan, To tear up,
pull away ; to draw off, by twisting, any-
thing which adheres tenaciously; to split, to
tear; to shed, spill; to disperse ; to dig up.
\ Falling.

a yUi fitdn, A leathern saddle-cover ,• —

fattan, An assayer (of gold) ; a goldsmith ;
a tempter, Beducer, Satan ; bewitching, se-
ductive ; a robber, thief.

y j^jUi jutanidan, To cause to fall.
Jy^ 1 fatdwa (pi. of fatwd), Legal de-
crees, judicial sentences given by the mufti.

a $\*ifatd'il (pi. of fatllat), Wicks.

A isl fitai, fita, A water-pot.

a ffi fath (v.n.), Opening (a door) 5
taking (a city) ; giving judgment in a law-
suit ; marking a letter with the vowel- sign
fathah (^) ; aperture ; victory, conquest,
triumph; water overflowing a tract of land ;
the beginning of the spring rains ; rain ;
fruit of the tree nab' ; a wrestling-trick 5
divine grace bestowed upon those advanced
in sacred knowledge; [fathu 'l-bab, fathi
bdb, The setting in of the rainy season ;
rain ; opposition of two planets ; good re-
sult, success ; — fathi bdb kardan, To open
a door ; to commence a business ;— -fath
kardan, To conquer, to take possession of
(m.c.) ; — fathi kal&m d&dan, To begin a
speech, to open a discourse ;]—/«<«*, Wide ;
open (gate) ; wide-mouthed and without a
stopper (bottle).

a s*t C** fatfr-pech, A mode of tying a
turban ; a kind of huqqah-Btiake.

a fathat, fatha, The vowel fathah 1,
which is sounded in Arabia, Persia, and
Turkey like " a " in " bat," or even ap-
proaching the "e" in *'bet," in India more
like " u " in " but j" [fatha u zamma, (met)
Hair and beard (probably because the hair
is on the top, the heard in front);] — futhat,
An ostentatious display of wealth and
learning ; an opening, expanding ;—fatahat,
fataha (pi. of fatih), Conquerors, takers of
cities.

a fathnnand, Victorious.

a, fath-ndma. Despatches an-

nouncing victory.

a gjj faih-niehdn, A victorious ban-
ner.

a s-*"»* fath-nasib, Victorious.

a s->^ e** fath-ydb, Obtaining victory.

a fatkh (v.n.), Contracting and ex-
panding the fingers or toes ; — fatakA,
Breadth and length of the palm of the
hand or sole of the foot ; a little bell which
emits no sound; (pi. of fatkhat) rings of
silver on the hands or feet.

a ij&sl fatkhat, fatahhat, A ring upon the
hand or foot, especially of silver and with-
out a bezel (with bezel it is called kjidtam).

a fi fair, A woman's name; — fitr, The
distance between the tips of the stretched-
out thumb and fore-finger ;—futr, A mat of
palm-leaves on which flour is sifted ;~—fatar,
Languor, relaxation ; weakness ; a muscle ;
a certain fixed quantity of meat or grain.

csJ\j£i fitrdk, Saddle-straps ; cords fixed to
the saddle for hanging game to.

yi^ya fatrdyish, Dispersion.

( 907 ) ytf

a fatrat, Languor, debility, relaxa-
tion, remission, intermission ; an interreg-
num; an interval of time between two
apostles or prophets ; the torpedo fish ; —
'edd fatrat, After an interval.

•>;** fatard. Old, worn, rent ; a tearer.

/atorcJaw, To scatter ; to destroy,
tear ; to pull to pieces ; to cleave asunder.

Hfl fatrid, Anything old, worn, torn.

0 J *> !l fitridan, fatridan, To tear, break
in pieces, tear asunder; to scatter.

a {s^ifatsh (v.n.), Examining, searching,
making strict inquiry ; digging.

A faigh (v.n.), Treading on (a thing)
until (it) splits open.

A tjsifatq (v.n.), Breaking, splitting ; ren-
dering (musk) more fragrant by an admix-
ture of other odours ; breach of friendship
or peace, quarrel ; feud ; dawn ; ground
without rain, between neighbouring fields
rained upon ; a disease in the scrotum ;
rupture, hernia ;—fataq (v.n.), Being open,
large (pudenda mulieris) ; being plentiful
(season) ; plenty, abundance, luxuriance ;
the dawn ; — futuq, Talkative, fluent (wo-
man).

a '^fatqa', Ravished; wide (woman).
fatk, A badger, a broek.

a nii* fatk, fitk, futk (v.n.), Daring to per-
petrate whatever one meditates ; attacking
unawares, and treacherously destroying
another; being impudent, bold, daring;
importaning, dunning, harassing,

a JjU fail (v.n.), Twisting (a rope); di-
verting (from any plan) ; averting (the
face) ; singing, warbling (aB the nightin-
gale) ; a plant which, does not spread, but
twists up; — fatal, Width between a camel's
elbow and side ; a lump or callosity on a
camel's elbow.

fitlidan, To tear ; to scatter ; to
pluck up.

a fain (v.n), Proving, trying; assay-
ing (metals); tempting, seducing; burn-
ing, scorching ; filling with wonder and
astonishment ; state, condition, situation ;
mode, manner;— fitan (pi. oifitnat), Temp-
tations, &c.

f atari, Figure, form, shape; endow-
ments; name of a province in India.

a tai fitnat, fitna (v.n, of t)-**), Proving
(men) by temptations, or (gold) by fire ;
seducing (from loyalty), leading into sedi-
tion and rebellion ; temptation ; sedition,
insurrection, discord, riot ; war ; anarchy ;
trial, affliction, calamity, distress ; malig-
nity, impiety, iniquity ; crime, sin, wicked-
ness ; discordance in opinion ; error, mad-
ness, delirium ; wealth, a wife, children (as
objects of temptation) ; —fitna'i dkhiri za-
man, The wickedness of the last times ; —
iitna'i kJtwabida, A hidden calamity ; — fitna-
rd atjaq ha-jtiy burddn, (met.) To propagate
slander, to bear tales; — fitna-rd kamar

kashidan, To quell sedition ; — fitna shudan,
To revolt, mutiny. The word is also con-
strued with uftddan, afgandan, anddihfan,
angekhtan, baridan, bar pa kardan, baland
shudan, khuftan, raftan, zadan, <fec.

a je&rt Jitna-angez, Rebellious, se-
ditious.

a ^f&h fitna-angexi, Mischievous-
ness ; seditiousness ; causing disturbances,
&c.

aft i«i fitna-baz, Mischievous, playing
tricks (heaven).

ay* tj*i fitna-bez, Sowing sedition.

a j^j> i«i fitna-parddz, Turbulent, sedi-
tious ; a mischief-maker, a fomenter of dis-
turbances.

a ijfi- fitna-joy or juy, Pond of tu-
mults, seeking disturbance, quarrelsome,
seditious.

ays** fUna-kh&s, Exciting a tumult;
mischievous.

aft* ijji fitna-80,%, — )\>>;» q.v.

fii fatav, Proud ; quarrelsome ; deceived.

a fatwa (for ^yH fatwa), A judicial
decree pronounced by a mufti ; judgment,
sentence.

a ijii futuwat, Liberality, generosity,
bountifulness ; childhood, boyhood ; the
rank of mufti, chancellor, or patriarch,

a tf* fatuh, The commencement of ver-
nal rains ; (a camel) having the orifices of
the teats wide ; — futuh (pi. of fath), Vic-
tories, conquests; gains, pickings, perqui-
sites ; plenty, easy circumstances ; income
received gratuitously.

A uuUjji futuh at (pi. of futuh, pi. oifath),
Numerous victories, conquest of many
towns.

a o^y 1 * fatuhi, A jacket without sleeves.
Cjiiyi futudan, To speak with premedita-
tion.

Ujxi futuda, Deceived ; deceitful (world),

i.jjsifutur (v.n, of fi), Slackening; lan-
guishing, flagging ; being weak, languid,
relaxed ; being tepid ; measuring by the
fitr (see f±) ; weakness, languor, infirmity j
coolness, want of affection ; defect, imper-
fection, irregularity ; quarrel, row, riot ; —
futuri 'aql, Unsoundness of mind; — futuri
hazm, Bad digestion, dyspepsia.

a j>±> j^xi futnr-pazif, Languid ; — futwr-
pazir shudan, To become languid, to flag.

a Ijf* futurat, Lukewarinness ; a tem-
perate atmosphere.

a our** fa tun, kjf*i faturiyd, Dispersed,
ruined, undone ; exciting quarrels.

a jbfti futuJc (v.n. of <^i), Daring to per-
petrate whatever one meditates, &c. (= usAja
q.v.).

a ai^fitun (pi. of fitat). Water-pots ; —
futun (v.n. of Proving, &c. (= q.v.)

a Jsj*1 fatwa, futwa, A judicial or religious
sentence pronounced by a mufti ; construed
with dddan, dashtan, kardan, &c.

( 908 )

A JySi fata, A youth, boy ; a young man ;
a man-servant ; liberal, generous ; — fatly,
Young.

a fityan (pi. of fata), Youths ;— fa-
tayan (du,), Two young men ; (met.) night
and day.

a fityat (pi. of fata), Young men ; —
fatiyat (fern, of fait), Young.

a fatit, Crumbled (bread), crumbs.

a fatir (for fatir), Unleaveued dough.

a fatiq, Shining (dawn) ; eloquent ;
bursting with fat (camel) ; double-pointed
(spear).

a J«sJ fatil, Twisted (rope) ; a rope made
of the fibres of a palm-tree ; a thin mem-
brane in the groove of a date-stone ; skin
peeled off by friction in the baths.

a fatilat, fatila, Particles of skin
rubbed off the body in the bath ; a wick, a
match, a fuse ; construed with taftan,
sokktan, kardan, nihddan, &c. ; — fatila
shudan, To be matted (hair, as that of
Indian faqirs) ; — fatlla'i tavrilo, A long
wick ; (met.) a man who supports the
honour of his family; — hajari fatila, A
stone which burns like a match.

a <*l*xi fatila-dahanj, Small forceps
for plucking up hairs ; snuffers.

a )j- i^exi fatila-eoz ()>- J-^i fatil-soa),
A candlestick; a brass or tin lamp.

a fatila-' artibar, A fragrant wick
of amber.

a y ii^xi fatila-mo, One whose hair is
matted like that of an Indian faqlr ; (met.)
silly, stupid, mad, crazy.

a t>*xi fatin, Burnt (silver) ; stony, burnt
ground ; a pitcher (?).

a fass (v.n.), Dispersing, scattering;
the colocynth ; a certain herb of which a
kind of bread is made in scarce seasons.

a "Mi fas' (v.n.), Pacifying anger ; stilling
(a boiling pot) by pouring in cold water ;
averting, turning off ; casting up froth (boil-
ing milk) ; taking the chill off anything.

a gii fasj (v.n.), Diminishing, decreasing ;
cooling (hot water) by pouring in cold water.

a ££J fasgk (v.n.), Breaking (the head).

Z*fuj,fij, A camel or other animal whose
lip hangs loose.

a gi fajj (v.n. of £i), Bein S TC1 'J wi<le
between the feet, straddling; a broad waj,
especially between two mountains ; [min
hulli fajj-in fijaj, From every wide valley,
from every quarter ;] — fijj, Raw, unripe
(fruit) ; the Syrian melon.

a t^i faja (v.n. of (_5V), Being wide
between the feet, straddling ; width between
the thighs, knees, and legs -—fija' (v.n. 3
of "W*) ( Taking by surprise, rushing upon
unawares ; (pi. of fajwaf) the courts or
areas of houses.

faja, fija, Gleanings of grapes or dates.

a SoW* fujd'at, ftij'at (v.n. of *W*),
Rushing upon and destroying unawares ;

taking by surprise ; an unforeseen accident ;
—fuja,'af-an,fufat-an, Suddenly, unawares;
— mautu 'l-fvjd'at, Sudden death.

a sW* fijaj (pi. of fajj), Broad roads.

a <5*U*i fajdjat, Crudity, rawness; raw
fruit.

a fajdr, Wickedness ; adultery, forni-
cation, harlotry ; \_ya fajdr-i, O adulteress !]
— fijar, Roads, ways ; name of one of four
unjust wars waged between the tribes
Quraish and Qais ; — fujjdr (pi. of fajir),
Wicked ; sinners, fornicators.

a £>i fajaj, A wide divarication of the
feet, the heels being close, and the toes
turned out (considered more ungraceful
than/aAa/) ; wide distance of the string of
the bow from the handle ; — fvjuj, Heavy,
disagreeable persons.

A fuj h, Name of a tribe.

a f&i fajr (v.n.), Setting a-flowing
(water) ; launching into wickedness and
debauchery ; crepuscule, daybreak, early
morning; [saldtu 'l-fajr, Morning prayer;
— Jcaukabu 'l-fajr, The morning star; —
waqti fajr, Daybreak ;]— fajar, fujar, Mu-
nificence, beneficence, liberality; opulence;
the heel (this unsupported by examples) ;—
fujur (pi. of fajur), Very wicked ; adul-
terers, debauchees.

a ij~<*i fajs (v.n.), Being haughty ; pride,
haughtiness ; violence, oppression.

a ui^i fajsh (v.n.), Breaking a hollow
substance (as a skull or cup) ; widening,
stretching.

A &t> faj' (v.n.), Vexing, causing grief
(the loss of a thing on which one has prided
himself).

e 4 ** fajfvj, ***** fujfuja, = VV q.v.

a fajl, fajal (v.n. of J**), Being
thick ; being loose or soft ; the heel ; thick ;
—fujl,fujul, A radish.

kj^fajw (v.n.), Opening (a door) ; being
wide, distant from the handle (a how-
string).

a fajwd', (A bow) whose string is
distant from the handle; an extensive
tract of land.

a i^J fajwat, An interval, intervening
space ; a cleft between two mountains ; a
wide tract of land ; a court-yard.

a Z)*sJ fajuh, Name of the father of the
tribe fujh (see £**).

A_y*> fajiir, Very wicked ; adulterous; a
debauchee ;~~fitjur (v.n. of _>**)> Deviating
from the right way, launching out into
wickedness and debauchery ; lying ; re-
belling against, resisting, opposing divine
authority; becoming dim; recovering from
illness ; wickedness, adultery, lust ; vil-
lainy, impiety, immorality; — fujuru 'l-
qardbat, Incest ; — fisq u fujur, Iniquity and
debauchery.

a (_ri-i^ fvjur-andeeh, Intent on

wickedness, &c.

( 909 )

,*,A>

A < ^«t» i fajrat, Adversity, poignant grief.

^*<^ fvchfucha, Whispering.

a \»tfaha, fiha, An onion or other herb
used in seasoning meat when dressing.

a ^r»^i fahhash, Wicked, obscene, inde-
cent ; talking ribaldry ; lewd.

a fahdehat, Salaciousness, obscenity
(see <J**J).

a u^** fahhdshi, Obscenity, ribaldry, &c.
(seeuW).

a JV»i ( p l. of /aW), Males, stal-

lions ; — fukhal, The male palm-tree bearing
no fruit.

a JW fuhhdl, The male palm-tree bear-
ing no fruit.

a <^*i fahs (v.n.), Examining, investi-
gating, inquiring ; — fahis. Belly, paunch ;
tripe.

Ay*i fahz (v.n.), Being proud (probably
misreading for ^fc»).

a {j-**ijahg (v.n.), Taking anything with
the tongue or mouth from the hand (as
water) ; rubbing barley in the hand until
the spicules drop off.

a ytsfci fuh»h (v.n.), Being shameful, in-
famous ; talking obscenely ; answering out-
rageously.

a »li«i> fahgha', Stinginess in giving
(especially that which is ordained by the
Muhammadan law for pious uses) ; forni-
cation, adultery.

a/yi*> fuhsh-go (gu), Obscene in con-
versation.

a u»\-sA*> fahshiydt, Obscenities.

a yo^l fahs (v.n.), Examining, investi-
gating, inquiring into ; wetting the ground
(rain) ; being loose, moving (the front
teeth) ; making haste ; choosing a place for
her nest called a/hue (the qata bird) ; a
place fully inhabited ; a dimple ; name of
several places in Maghrib -—fajfsi murad
kardan, To examine into a design.

a fahz (v.n.), Breaking or squashing
anything soft (as a cucumber or melon).

a c^** fakfdh, Hoarse ; name of a river
in Paradise.

a J** fahl (v.n.), Allowing a stallion
camel freo access to the females ; choosing
an excellent stallion ; a male animal, stal-
lion ; a mat made of the fibres of a palm-
tree ; the star Canopus ; surname of the
poet 'Alqamah ; also of a place in Syria ; —
fahli dfdq, The world fahli fahil, A noble,
high-born man.

ft o^** fahli, Masculine qualities ; male
energy.

A fahm. Sobbing, being unable to
breathe, speak, or cry aloud ; stagnant
water ;— fahm, faham, Charcoal; beginning
of night ; darkness of night.

a fahmat, fahma, A coal ; twilight ;
darkness.

A fahwa', Signification, sense, mean-
ing ; scope, import, drift ; contents ; style ;

—fahwd'i masaiTat-ifytiwd, The joyful Sense
— fahwa' i kalam, The purport of a speech.

a jj<*> fuhul, A male palm-tree ; (pl. of
fahl) males, stallions ; historians, chroni-
clers ; mats of palm-leaves or fibres.

A (•jaJfuhum (v.n. of ,♦»**), Being hoarse-
voiced ; sobbing, crying so as to turn blue
in the face (child) ; being black; failing to
flow (water of a well).

Jy** fahwd, = s^*J q.v.

a C **J fahih (v.n. of £*), Hissing (a ser-
pent).

a ^s^J fahim, Very black ; charcoal.

& fukh. The bit of a bridle.

a fakhlch (v.n.), Snoring; sleeping on
the back ; being diffused (perfume) ; weak-
ness in the feet ; (in P. mostly fakfi) a gin,
noose, snare ; the chase ; a huuting-place j
a nose-bag for a horse.

a fikjidkh (pl. of fakhkK), Snares,
gins.

AjW fakhdr, Glory, boast ;—fikhdr (v.n.
3 of fbi), Boasting against each other, con-
tending for glory; — fakhkhdr, One who
glories, boasts, vaunts greatly ; boastful,
vauutful ; a potter ; poiter's clay ; (pl. of
fakhkkdrat) earthenware.

a SjUfci fakharat, Glory, boast, vaunt ; — ■
fa kkkh drat, Earthenware, crockery.

a fakhkhdrT, A seller of earthen-

ware.

a i-Ui fakhdmat, A being thick and
corpulent.

w-ai* fakM, Trodden ; wide, expanded ;
gain (this meaning doubtful).

a J«ei fakji? (v.n.), SmiUng, hurting in,
or breaking the thigh; — fakhz, fakhiz,
fikkz, The thigh -—fakjiiz, Part of a tribe ;
relations, brethren.

a jiiJ fakhr (v.n,), Excelling in glory ;
preferring, exalting, regarding as more
eminent in glory ; — fakhr. fakjiar. Glory,
ornament, grace ; excellence, nobility; pride,
egotism, vaunt, boast ; construed with
dwardan, dashtan, kardan, &c. ; — fakhru 'l-
aqrun, The glory of his contemporaries ; —
fakhri ambiyd' u rusul, The glory of pro-
phets and apostles (Muhammad) ; — izhdri
fakhr u gjiurar kardan, To make a vain-
glorious display, to boast, to vaunt.

a <«W- jail fakhr-khdna, A place of boast-
ing or glorying.

j^ii fakirin, Fat ; strong, lusty.
: fukjtra, — S)A=i» q.v., for which it is
probably a misreading.

a t^afci fakhri, A kind of grape so called ;
surname of the poet Shams.

a ^.^ti fakhriya, Boasting, vain-glory.

xylifa/chz (v.n. of jafci), Excelling, ex-
ceeding ; being proud, haughty, arrogant ;
causing an excess, making a surplus, leaving
a remainder; doing good; a residue, re-
mainder,

a yfcsfci fak£eh (v.n.), Losing, wasting j

«JUi ( 910 ) )M

neglecting, not minding, leaving unattended
to.

6 ^aji fa&ifara, Bran ; mouldly ; Btale.
j^Aafc* fakhfur. Title of the Emperor of
China.

fajthlama, A wooden instrument
with which the bow is struck when pre-
paring cotton for spinning (see £*afcli).

fakham, A sheet stretched on poles
for catching money thrown about at festi-
vals ; also one placed under a tree to re-
ceive the fruit as it drops.

»A*at* fakkamda. Carded cotton.

S-^-wfci fakkminda, (Cotton) separated
from the seed.

O-Xa^afci fakhmldan, To separate cotton
from the seeds ; to pluck hairs from the
body.

yki fakhn, fakhan, The interior or centre
of a garden ;— fakhn, A fathom.

A fyafe* fukhukh (pi. of fak&kh), Snares,
&c.

a _»afci fakJiur, One who glories, a boaster ;
a camel with a large udder, but yielding
little milk on account of the narrowness of
the orifice ; large (udder) with a small ori-
fice and little milk ; thick-trunked and
branched (palm-tree) ; long-yarded (horse).;
— fu&hur (v.n. of ;*>), Glorying ; vainglory,
boast, vaunt.

A^afei fakhir, One who glories (against
another), boastful, vauntful; excelled in
glory ; — fikh&hir, Very proud, vainglorious.

y~afc* fakhix. A spur.

a fakhlm, Great in rank and ho-
nour.

^ fadd, Root, origin ; a model, design,
precept, canon, rule.

a fada', A heap, pile (of grain) ; a
granary ; a store-house for dates ; a swell-
ing;—^ fidd' (v.n. of Ransoming, paying
a ransom ; devoting oneself for another ; a
redemption, ransom; devotednesB; sacrifice,
offering ; — fidd' at (fiddyai) shawam, May I
be your ransom (used in addressing princes
or from children to parents) ; — fidd' (6a-
fidd') kardan, To devote oneself to, sacrifice
oneself for, another.

a fadddd, Loud-voiced ; rough in
speech ; proud, arrogant, lofty ; possessing
from 100 to 1,000 camels.

a j»W fiddtn, faddm, fadddm, A covering
or a veil for the mouth, worn by the Parsis
when they drink or say certain prayers;
the stopper of a bottle or other vessel ; — •
fidam, A muzzle for an ox when treading
out the corn ; a turban or other head-dress ;
(pi. of fadm) stammerers ; fools.

a l*\<*i faddmat (v.n. of f^), Having
an impediment in speech ; being weak in
intellect, dull, heavy; being cross and
moody.

i fadan, fadddn, An ox; yoke of
oxen ; a plough ; plough-gear.

a vsJ^ fidawl, Self-sacrificing, devoted ;
a volunteer ; a bravo, an assassin.

a fiddwlyat, Self-sacrifice.

a (jfiAl fidd'l, pi. (jUflai fidd'iydn, One
who volunteers or risks his life in any
perilous service, devoted, offering oneself
as ransom or victim, a forlorn hope ; de-
voted ; a lover ; a robber, murderer.

aj\ } ,jfi.x> fidd'i-wdr, Like one who sa-
orifices his life, fearlessly, intrepidly.

a e-** fadh (v.n.), Pressing heavily,
weighing down (as debt or shocks of for-
tune).

a fcJi fadMt (v.n.), Breaking, cleaving
open (the head with a stone).

Aj^i fadr (v.n.), Being languid, impo-
tent from too much work (a stallion) ;—
f%dr (pi. of fadir), "Weak, knocked up
(stallions) ;— fadar, An aged or full-grown
mountain-goat; — fadir, Foolish, silly;
easily-broken (wood),

*£«f><»J fadranjah, Nightmare ; the lips,
mouth, or parts about the mouth.

fadrang, The bar of a door ; a piece
of wood used in wringing clothes ; a calen-
der, mangle ; a cuckold ; food carried in a
napkin; leave, permission.

vsliyAt fadrunah. Loopholes, embrasures
in the walls of a citadel through which
stones are hurled ; the stones thus thrown.

Sjji fadr a, A mat of palm-leaves laid on
the roof of a house and incrusted with
clay.

a fuds, A spider.

a fadeh (v.n.), Breaking or wound-
ing (the head) ; — fadish-madish, Dull, un-
skilful.

A gJi fada' (v.n.), Having the hands or
feet distorted and turning inwards ; a dis-
tortion of the wrist and ankle ; a mode of
walking on the outer edge of the foot ; a
prominence in the front of a camel's hoof.

a £ji fadjfh (v.n.), Breaking (anything)
hollow ; moistening meat with fat, making
it digestible ;~fada<f&, Crookedness, obli-
quity in the sole of the foot.

a fadfad, Level ground ; an exten-
sive desert ; a hard, hilly, rocky district ;
— fudfud, Loud-voiced ; — fudafid, Very
thick milk.

a <sUi fadak, Name of a village near
Khaibar ; name of a son of Ham ; the
rope on which dyers hang their cloth.

a fadm (v.n.), Covering up (the
mouth of a vessel) ; hesitation or obscurity
in speech ; weakness of intellect, dullness ;
a stammerer, stutterer ; weak in mind, dull,
stupid ; deep-red.

a (jjAi fadan, Red tincture ; a strong
castle, a palace.

•Jj-Ji fadwad, = Ji»Ji q.v.

a a1 fadur, An old mountain-goat ; also
one young and full-grown ; — fudur (v.n. of
;A»),* Being weak, languid from too much

>jj ( 911

covering (stallion) ; (pi. of fadar) aged or
full-grown mountain.goats.

A i»y>t fudiimat (v.n. of (••>>»), Being weak,
dull, and heavy in intellect ; having an im-
pediment in speech ; being cross and
moody.

fadwand, The bar of a door.

a ^J** fidwl, fidatoi, Your devoted ser-
vant (much used by inferiors instead of
the pronoun man, I).

a 4S\t } ^i fidwiydna, Like your devoted
servant.

a. iiyii fidawiyat, Devotedness, devotion.

a liii fidyat, fidya, A ransom ; — fidyatu
'l-fiir, Half a ad' of wheat, and a ?&' of all
other kinds of grain.

\*i<iifadid (V.n, of Running; the
noise made by sheep running ; a loud noise ;
a noise like that of a snake casting its
slough.

a kiijji fvdaik, Name of a place.
a uuUgjJ fudaikal, A sect of schisma-
tics.

a t^iJi fudain, Name of a village.

a Si fazz (v.n.), Driving on with vio-
lence ; alone, singular, unique ; scattered ;
name of the first of the arrows used in
drawing lots.

a Aj ii fazz-bazz, Single, odd.

a uUA* fazdlik, In the same manner ; (in
the parlance of accountants) sum total.

a } far, farr, Beaut v, comeliness, orna-
ment, elegance, decoration ; light, splendour,
brilliancy, luBtre; voice, sound ; a feather;
a torrent of water ; justice ; government j
infliction of punishment ; magnificence,
glory, power, dignity, dominion, pomp,
state ; [sMM faridun-far, A king equal in
power to Faridun ;] — far, fir, Above, upon,
&c. (= y q.v.) ; a particle prefixed to
nouns and verbs ;—fur, A Jewish library or
bookseller's 8b op.

A;A farr (v.n.), Fleeing away; examin-
ing, clearing up by investigation ; looking
into a horse's mouth to discover his age ;
(pi. of farr) fleeing, fugitive ; — karr u farr,
Attack and retreat.

y fard, Back ; behind j again ; open ;
over ; before ; foremost ; opposite, facing,
over againBt ; towards ; onwards, along ;
above, up, on, upon ; higher ; height ; all ;
side, quarter, nook, corner; far; near;
middle, midst ; increase ; much ; more ;
a taking, seizing; a particle of applause.
(It is often prefixed or added to words to
prevent a cacophony, and is frequently re-
dundant.)

a y fara', A wild ass, or its young ;
fiullu 's-saidi ft jaufi 'I- fara' , All game is
m the belly of the onager, i.e. the onager
is the most valuable of all game (proverbial
expression for what is best and most com-
prehensive in its kind) ; — fira' (pi. of farm),
Fur-garments, furs; — farrd\ A skinner,

furrier, vendor of furB; white, splendid;
surname of a celebrated grammarian.

ft V f ar <* a- r > Stop thou up.

a s*y fardb, Name of a village near
Samarqand \—furrdb, Name of a village
near Isfahan.

V fard bafiani durogh, The
forging of a lie, inventing, feigning,

j^y fardburz, Name of a mighty cham-
pion and minister of Iran.

\J*ji V fara-posh, Stupidity, folly, mad-
ness.

t)^^*^ \J> fara-pothanidan, To cover.

(Jti \)t fard-pesh, Before, in the presence
of ; leading the van in battle, the forlorn
hope ; — fard-pesh kashidan, To draw to-
wards one, to attract.

A *"*V f ur ®t> Very fiue, sweet water or
waters ; the river Euphrates ; the sea.

a furdtdn (du.), The Euphrates and
Tigris.

jfy* fardtar, More behind ; higher ; name
of an ancient king ; — fardtar shudan, To
be in a higher situation ; to tend upwards ;
to be farther away, to go farther, to leave
behind.

fardta, New wine boiled to a con-
sistence with fine flour, nuts, and almonds,
then cooled and made up in the form of
sausages.

<$i?\)lfardUn, Heavenly ; — fardtln nawdd,
Heavenly speech.

t)>*)jft *s&^- V f ar ® chang dwardan, To
clutch.

a cy/amA, Gladness, joyousness, cheer-
fulness.

a islU&AjJ fardhndk, Joyous, gladsome.

£;\ji fardkh, Open ; wide, spacious ; large,
broad ; much, plentiful, abundant ; cheap ;
— far&kfr rqftan, To make wide steps ; to
walk swiftly; — edli fardkh. A plenteous
year.

a feV firakk (pi- of farkA), The young
of birds or beasts ; chickens ; young plants,
plants beginning to branch out ; vile, ab-
ject.

U.y fardkhd, Width, breadth, openness,
spaciousness ; a spacious place.

£\r* fard&L-ubru'i, (met.) Delight,
happiness, a pleasant life.

<fe*~^ cV fardkh-dstin, Wide-sleeved, i.e.
liberal, munificent ; high-minded.

JW ty farakh-bdl. In affluent circum-
stances.

j» ty fardkh-bar, Broad of chest ; open-
breasted.

&ti fcy" fardkh-bin, Who takes a broad
view of things ; who sees everything alike.

(j**As» cV farakA-peshdnl, Having an
open brow, a broad forehead.

yja-y fardkhtan, To exalt, extol.

^^SLojs. fardkA-kaufalagi, Nobleness.

a ilof. t^fardkk-hausala, Large-minded,
high-minded.

( 912 )

•> 6V farakk-dast, Open-handed.
o^ 1 ^ ty farakh-dasti, Open-handedness,
liberality ; wealth ; power.

^y fardkh'dahdna, Wide- mouthed
(vessel or river).

f* 11 fardte-dahan, Open-mouthed,
blab.

j; farakh-rav, Wide-stepping ; swift,
quick; extravagant, lavish, profuse; —
fardkh-ru, Of an open countenance, good-
natured, merry.

<S))J fardkh-rozl. Abundance of the
comforts and conveniences of life.

tsy> 6V fardkh-rawi, Extravagance, pro-
fusion ; — fardkh-ruy, A pleasant counte-
nance.

JL- fardkh-gdl, A plentiful year; —
farakhrsall ydftan, To enjoy abundance.

(j-*- cy fardkh-siikjmn, Open-mouthed ;
who talks much or idly ; speaking ill of
others.

fey fardkh-kdm, Rich, happy ; swift.

a Jtf jjly fardkh-kafal, With large but-
tocks (horse).

I»W ty fardkh-gdm, Wide-stepping (horse),
ty fardkh-mdya, Experienced, intel-
ligent, of great capacity,

l**y fardkhnd. Width, spaciousness ;
interval, interstice ; an open spacious place,

^Us-^i farafshn.dk, Wide, broad.

jrj^y farakhwur, Worthy, fit, proper,
suitable, suited ; corresponding:, propor-
tioned ; — farakhwur dmadan, To be equal ;
to correspond, to agree, to square, to suit,
to fit.

<i±y fardkjia, Tremor, trembling, hor-
ror.

ixij? A&y fardkha-girifia. Seized -with a
fit of trembling, trepidation, or horror;
horrified.

o^y fardkhi, Wideness, width, open-
ness ; largeness ; abundance, plenty ; cheap-
ness (of provisions) ; a girth ;—fardk_hj'i
rizq, Abundance of wealth, plenty of pro-
visions.

^juaIjI fardkhldan, To separate, put
asunder ; to stand on end (the hair of the
head) ; to be broad, large, abundant ; to
be dissolved ; to belcb.

^-y fardkhez, The tottering pace of
infants or drunkards ; — fardkhez dmadan,
To begin to creep ; to walk staggeringly,
to toddle.

i\S ^y fardhhi-guh, A place abounding
in food and drink.

a fir eld (pi. of fard), Parts tallying
with other parts.

\ J fard dor, Lift up.

(^jjcau y fard-d&ehian, To raise, to extol.

j^y farddar, The bar of a doo;-.

^jy farddun, t>i«>y farddm, Anything
minute ; certain small stars.

a s^y furdda, and —

a <1y>y furdda (pi. of fard), Unique, in-

comparable ; one by one ; separately ; one
after another ; sheet by sheet,

a <j~»jy farddls (p. of y-^^y), Paradises.
farrar, Ferrara (m.c. from Fr.
Ferrare).

A >y fardr, firdr, furdr (v.n. of J*), Look-
ing into a (horse's) mouth to discover (his)
age; clearing up by investigation ; ['ai««-
hufardra-hu (met.) You can judge by his
eye of his character firdr (v.n. 3 of p),
Running away ; absconding; flight, escape;
quicksilver ; — firdr bar qardr ikhtiydr kar-
dan, To prefer flight to fight;— firdr namu-
dan, To flee, show the white feather ;— far-
rar, Fleeing, fugitive, runaway.

\ji fard rdh uftddan, To be
taught, instructed, trained ; — fard rdh af-
gandan, To instruct, educate, train.

a S>y fardrat, Flight, running off, ab-
sconding.

I*^y 00 1 Name of the soul or intellect
of the sphere of fixed stars.

t)^ ') y fard-rasidan, To arrive.

SiX s— •) y fard-rasida, Surrounding, com-
prehending ; arrived.

^y fardrieh, Name of the angel in
whose charge horses are.

y fard-raftan, To go on, proceed.

J>y fardru, vsjyy furardy, Back part of
the head, the occiput.

<3i>y fardrun, Untoward, unlucky, retro-
grade.

(_£>y fararl, A runaway, deserter; ab-
sconded.

A jj^y fardrij (pi. of farruj), Chickens.

jy fardz, Above, up, upon, on, upwards,
aloft, on the top ; above and below, up and
down ; back, behind ; after, hereafter ;
again, on the contrary ; opposite ; before,
in presence ; in the way, hindering; near;
almost; together; since; open; opening;
trodden, flattened; broad, wide; shut;
shutting ; the ascent, declivity, or summit
of a mountain ; height, altitude ; conceal-
ment; kindling, illuminating; exalted;
stubborn, obstinate, headstrong; a light or
smooth thing ; an assembly, congregation ;
entrance, ingress ; interior ; union ; in-
crease ; additional, redundant ; progress ;
blood ; membrum virile ; a particle of
praise, approbation, or redundant pleonasm,
often prefixed to verbs without altering the
sense, in other cases emphasising it, as
fardz andokhtan (the same as andokjdan),
To gain ; fardz dr, Carry or bring up ; —
fardz dmadan, To approach closely ; enter ;
proceed, step forward; — fardz dwardan
(dwarldan), To obtain; to collect \~fardz
dilt, Give back, give again -—fardz rasdn-
dan, To cause to arrive ; — fardz rasidan, To
arrive, occur, happen \— -fardz kardan, To
open (a door) ; to shut, cover, hide ; to
build ;— fardz girifian, To encompass, sur-
round, light upon, overtake \— fardz u nishib,

'y (

Ascent and declivity ; — cms sabdh fardz,
Prom, since morning ; — az diroz fardz, From,
since yesterday;]— far tin, fir ax, High, height;
(imp. of fardkMan and fardzldan, in comp.
used a8 part.) exalting ; who raises or ele-
vates.

^ fardz-dbdd, The upper world, the
heavenly sphere.

a Jjy fardzid (pi. of farazdaq), Crumbs
of bread.

yjj Iji fard-zadan, To open, discover, un-
veil ; to release.

fcA")V fardzmdn. An order, command.
fardzanda, A raiser ; a planter.

y;y firdzinav, fimzinu (?), A butterfly ;
a moth (unsupported).

a ^jV far&zina (pi. of firzan), Queens at
chess.

sjy far dza, A high place.

fardzi, Highness, exaltation.

a J4jy fardzid (pi. of farandaq), Cakes,
crumbs of bread.

e>"*yV f ar& zid<in, firdzidan, To erect ; to
open ; to shut ; to unite, join.

a fardzln (pi. of^nidw), Queens at
chesB.

•^S})^ t>i)V fardzin-orwand, The essence
of the upper world ; title of a book written
by king Jamshed.

a (j-y fards, A black kind of date ; —
abii fird8, Surname of the poet Farazdaq ;
also of the companion Rabi'ah bin Ka'b ; a
lion ;—f arras, The lion (as tearer or render),
S_ "~V fii'dsab, The lower part of a door ;
the upper part of a door ; the main beam
on which a roof rests (see s— j*) ■

a &-y fardsat (v.n. of y»/), Being skil-
ful in horsemanship, and in whatever ap-
pertains to horses ; — firdsat, Physiognomies,
judging of the character from external
appearances ; Bagacity, discernment, inge-
nuity ; addreBS, dexterity ; instinct (m.e.) ;
—firdsat kardan, To conjecture, divine,
judge 'ilmi firdtat, The science of phy-
siognomy.

a y" firfisat-shinds, One who

knows how to read physiognomies, a phy-
siognomist.

a firdsat-ndma, A book which

treatB on physiognomy.

faraatu, <2»s-y fardstuk, A swallow.

4*-y fardsta, A little backwards.

a farasikh (pi. of farsakh), Para-
sangs,

itp. y fara-tuda, Old, worn-out, tat-
tered.

vA^y fards-ydb, A bubble ; name of a
king of Turan (see s^W-y^).

cr «-~.y fardslsl, Of or belonging to
France, French ; a Frenchman ; the French
language.

j^c-y fardsln, o^>-y fardeiyun, furd-
mficn, Wild leek.
x>y fardsh, A bird whose wings are

918 ) ly

well fledged ; the teeth of a mill, the cogs
or paddles of a wheel; the radii or arms of
a reel, or anything similar; a runner; —
ftrash, Numbness of limbs.

a fardsh, A moth flying round a

lighted candle ; mud dried on the surface
of the ground ; bubbles on wine, &c. ; drops
of sweat ; two blackish veins under the
tongue -, the two pieces of a bit to which
the reins are fastened ;—firdsh (v.n. 3 of
^A?*)> Spreading; strewing with stones,
paving ; smoothing the way ; clearing busi-
ness of any difficulty ; anything spread ; a
carpet, bed, quilt, couch ; a birds-nest ; the
place where the tongue lies in the hollow
of the mouth; (met.) a wife, woman;
[sdhib-firdsh, Bed-ridden ;] — -farrdsh, One
who spreads the carpets or cushions, i.e.
the chamberlain in the palaces of kings
and great men ; an officer who superintends
the pitching of tents ; a footman, a butler
(m.c.) ; — farrdshi yhazab, An executioner
who waits in the royal antechamber.

Uy. fardehd, Horripilation; horror, the
tremor of a fever.

a £My fardshat, One moth ; the tongue
or bolt (of a lock) ; dry mud ; a little water;
a nimble man.

JJ**"V fardshtaru, isJyi&y fardehtaruk, A
swallow.

uelAfcy' fardshtuk, A swallow.
(^**y faraahtdn, To lift up, raise.
a aslssAy^ fardsh-kbdna, The room where
carpets are spread ; a place where furni-
ture is kept, a lumber-room.

a eyfcV farrdshi, Spreading carpets j the
business of a farrdsh.

yjisAy^ fardsMdan, To tremble with
horror; to shake (with cold) ; to stand on
end (as the hair of a man in terror, the
pile of a cat on the appearance of a dog,
the plumage of a bird).

a (X~ ^y farrdshi-saldm, A bow or
obeisance made down to the carpet.
ttJ^y fardshltvan, Wild leek.
a y^y firds (v.n. 8 of yoji), Observing ro-
tation, doing anything alternately with an-
other ; a garment, clothing ; strong, thick
red ; (pi. of firsat) menBtruous clothes.

a yiy firdz, The mouth of a river ; im-
plements for lighting fire, a match-box ; a
little clothing ; (pi. of far?) notches in the
horns of a bow.

a i»y fir at (v.n, 3 of ty), Endeavouring
to get before another ; outstripping another
in talking ; water which is yielded to the
first comer, though other members of the
tribe have an equal right to it.

a £y fardgjt (v.n. of &)> Finishing,
bringing to a close ; termination, close ;—
firdgh, Cessation from labour, freedom from
business, disengagement ; rest, repose, lei-
sure, retirement; happiness, joy; com-
petency ; opportunity ; a cool summer- wind j

\yk ( 914 ) V

a wide- stepping horse ; half a horse-load ;
a large leathern water- vessel ; a large cup
which one can scarcely carry ; [firagM bal,
.Repose of mind, contentment ; — li'l-firagk,
In vain, uselessly. In the sense of cessation
from business, &c, the word is construed
with the verbs uftadan, dwardan, dddan,
rasldan, kardan, &c] — furagk, Splendour,
coruscation.

a tty firdghu'l-bdli, ^ Jirdgk-
bali, Joy, gladness, contentment.

A fard gh at (v.n. of fai). Being wide
and broad (a wound) ; leisure, quiet, free-
dom from business and care ; forgetfulness ;
impatience, restlessness ; — faraghat shudan,
To be at leisure, to desist, to take a relax-
ation ; to abandon any pursuit, to leave a
thing untouched; — az (6a-) rishi kase
faraghat ddshtan, Not to fear one, to be
Unconcerned with regard to ; — auqdti
fardgiat, Hours of leisure.

a fardghat-khdna. A cabinet,

a private room.

a <jt^\ji fardpAat-kada, , A place of
enjoyment.

a (jlat firdgh-khattl, Discharge, re-
lease.

tS^V fardghuy, A sparrow-hawk, a mer-
lin (see <jjV)-

furdgha, A piece of thin black silk
for wiping pens.

jrtj* fardfar, A loud and terrible noise,
as the blast of a trumpet, &c.

a fardq,firdq, Departure ; separation ;
distance ; abandonment ; grief, regret on
account of absence -—firdq (v.n. 3 of jji),
Parting from a frierjd, separating.

a »Jj firdq-zada, Absent, separated.

a u*V firdql, Of or relating to separa-
tion ; separated ; absent.

a ILj>\jI firdqiyat, A poem made on the
absence of a mistress.

<d\ji furdk, The back ; a catamite ; im-
pure ; vile, bad.

l^ji fard-kan, The channel of a river
newly dug ; a deep ravine excavated by a
torrent ; high.

\j» fard-giriftan, To withhold, to
refuse; to take, assume, resume; to fill; to
hold, seize ; to suffer from dysury ; to be
costive ; to have a dysentery ; to adopt (as
a habit or temper).

qSaX j \J>£ Iji far a gosh ddshtan. To listen.

j/*V fardmarz, Keeper of a citadel or
fortress ; name of the sou of Rustam.

u^jl fardmush, Forgotten ; forgetful-
ness ; — fardmush kardan, To forget.

ks~t— \jifardmusht, Forgetfulness; grasped,
clutched in the fist.

fardmush-kdr, Unmindful.

(jA-^ji fardmuehi, Forgetfulness, obli-
vion.

fardmosh, Forgotten; forgetful-
ness ; — fardmosh dddan, To give forgetful-

ness, to make forget ;~-fardmosh kardan,
To forget ;— -fardmosh gardidan, To be for-
gotten.

( j)X t jU.y.l J l fardmo8hdnidan (caus. of fard-
moshidan) , To make forget (unsupported).
J*f*\ji fardmosh shuda, Forgotten.

a ^ fardmosh-'ahd, Oblivious of

one's compact, of one's duty.

JS&yAji fardmoshgdr, Forgetful.

o*T*T fo-rdmosM, Forgetfulness.

yi^LjAf fardmoshldan, To forget.

a f ar amm (Ar. pi. of P. farmdri),

Orders, mandates ; passports.

a <j>^ fardn, Name of a river i—farrdn,
Name of a large city in Maghrib.

giy fardnaj, The nightmare.

t <VV francha, *— frdnsa, France.

a .»3^ fardnid (pi. of firnid), Herbs,
seasonings ; (pi. of firind) glittering sur-
faces of swords.

o. " ~ A~ 3\y\ji firdnxdnsfast, elsewhere spelt
ytyV firdnzdnwast, Franzensveste (an
Austrian fortress, m.c).

a fardnisa, tr-*^/ fardnis (pi. of

firnds), Headmen of Persian villages.

« f ur ^niq (from P.csAi^yj q.v.,p.245),
An animal which precedes the lion, and
points him out his prey ; a guide (especially
to an army) ; one who forwards a letter
to the royal presence ; a courier, letter-
carrier ; a lion,

uAi\]ifardna/[, Name of Faridun's mother.

y jj»J \ji fard-namitdan, To exhibit.

A?V fardwdr, A balcony (see j^).

y^ji fardivdn, firdvidn, Much ; abun-
dant, copious ; sufficient ; opulent ; wide,
spacious ; deep, abundantly ; — ni'mati fard-
wdn, Plenty of victuals, an abundance of
good things.

y* w\}V fardwdn-hunar , Endowed with
many virtues or excellencies.

a fardwdn-tam', Who has many

desires, indulges in many hopes.

o^iV fardwdni, Abundance ; depth.

fardwor, Name of a fountain in
Turkistan which removes a quartan fever.

yjjjj^ ji far-dwaridan, To bring down,
or cause to descend ; to swallow, or make
swallow.

•^jV fwroAvand (probably for an older
form/ara-ftawd), The bar of a door.

fardwei, Lace, fringe, edging, any
ornament round a garment ; anything
spread (as carpets, &c).

t\ji fardh, Name of a mountain in Sistan ;
also of a river which springs from it.

ylfcl^i fardhdn. Name of a town in Per-
sian Iraq, now destroyed.

a idlji fardhat, &<J>>\)* fardhiyat (v.n. of
Being ingenious, clever, and sprightly
(a man) ; sprightliness ; elegance, beauty,
pomp, state.

yi&Mjk fardhikhtan, To suspend ; to in-
struct, educate ; to draw (a sword).

( 915 )

r*fV faraham, Collected, gathered ; col-
lection, conjunction, contraction ; a collec-
tive particle preceding verbs (similar to
con, or ad in Latin) ; together, as : faraham
dmadan, To come together -—faraham dv>ar-
dan, To bring together ; to adjust ; to col-
lect, accumulate ; to clench (the fist) ; —
faraham shudan, To be brought together,
& c - >— faraham kardan, To assemble ; —
faraham kashidan, To draw together ; to
contract, wrinkle ; pass, of faraham dwar-
dan;~faraham giriftan khwudra, To draw
oneself into a heap, to shrink into one-
self. n

/^V fardham-dmadagl, A collec-
tion.

W*at**V fardhekJitan, To educate ; to
draw (a sword).

A ^J 1 fara'id (pi, of farid), Precious
gems; beads separating pearls from gold
in a necklace or bracelet; unique pearls ;
UDits; — fara'idu 'd-durr, Large pearls;
unioB.

a tr-fy fara'is
lions.

(pi. of farleat), Preys of

farayista. More, greater; increase.
a tj&ijl fard'is (pi. of farisat), Nerves
and muscles between the inner parts of the
shoulder which quiver in fear or any great
excitement; veins in a horse's neck where
he is bled.

A (jAfljA fara'iz (pi. of farizat), The
divine precepts, statutes, laws ; the know-
ledge of the law of inheritance and the
division of left property.

a ^y^y fara'izi, Skilled in the Muham.
madan law of inheritance.

fardyush, Silly, beside oneself.

sj/ farb. Name of a large river.

8 jV fafbdra, Pomp, state, dignity.

J^ji farbdl, <sJ^y farbdla, A summer-
apartment, a latticed balcony.

a y^ty farbdniyun, Camomile.

farbud, Straight, right, orthodox,
jjjjl farbud-din, farbud-
keth, ^s^yji farbudi, Sound in the faith,
orthodox.

*»y farbih, Fat ; gross ; corpulent; much,
abundant ; immense (mountain) ; heavy
(stone) ; deep (gash) ; flourishing (king-
dom).

tf*/" AjjJ farbih-turln, With fat buttocks
(horse).

farbhan, farbhin, Purslain.

tjvfji farbihi, "Fatness, corpulence.

(jt;i farbl, Fat, &c. (= *l/ q.7.).

yjLjjji firbidan, To deceive.

t>»*»/ furbiytin, Euphorbium.
farparak, A bat.

a farrat, Flight ;~furrat, Severity,
hardness ; mixture ; intensity of heat ; be-
ginning of heat ; better, more respectable.

uwji fart, The warp of a web in the
loom.

a ut>ji fart (v.n.), Being wicked ;— firt,
The distance between the tips of the
stretched-out thumb and fore-finger; —
farat (v.n.), Becoming weak after having
enjoyed a sound understanding.
fartab, Revelation.

i^Aty fartdsh, Existence.

>ji fartast, The warp of a web (un.
supported by examples ; see ms^).

»»J «y firt-firi, Quickly, instantly, pre-
sently.

yjj tsA»jl furtak zadan, To snap th«
fingers.

>ffjL fartui, A decrepit, doting old
man.

JU. i&fji fartuUsal, Decrepit in years.

,jSjiA cwjJji fartut-ehudagl, Decrepitude.
fartata, A decrepit old woman.

(jiyjJ fartuti, Decrepitude ; dotage.

ojfy fartod, A decrepit old dotard.

jfji fartaur, fartor, Reflexion, inversion.
fartuk, A swallow.

a 4>jl fcrs (v.n.), Splitting, loosing ;
opening a basket, hamper, paunch, letting
out and scattering its contents; slashing a
man so that his heart or liver is cut in
pieces ; a fainting to which pregnant wo-
men are subject ; the faaces within the
intestines.

S;i farj, Price, worth, value ; esteem,
honour ; dignity, rank,

a Bji farj (v.n.), Splitting; separating;
opening a gate ; dispelling grief ; privities
(of a man or woman) ; the space between
the two hind feet of a horse ; confines of a
hostile country ; a dangerous or infested
place, a weak point ; name of a city near
Mosul ; [farji kaftdr, (met.) Compassion,
affection, love (cf. kuesi kaftdr uuder (^-S) ;]
— fi r j> fa T h Unable to keep a secret ; — furj,
Name of a city in Persia ; — faraj (v.n.),
Having the haunches wide apart and the
privities exposed (through fatness) ; free-
dom from grief or sorrow, rest, repose,
ease ; joy, comfort, pleasure, cheerfulness,
delight; — fafij, Habitually cheerful; —
furaj (pi. of furjat), Openings, interstices,
crevices, breaches (m.c.) ; — furuj, Unable
to keep a secret ; leaky ; (a woman) dressed
in a single robe.

Wy farjd, Here, behold !

S^t-jk farj ad, Excellent, eminent in learn-
ing

P.

a jWy fir jar, far jar (from
243), A pa^r of compasses.

(•Wji farjam, End, conclusion, issue ;
utility, profit; happiness; convenient,
agreeable ; custom ; the newest ; that
which is last poured from a flagon into
a cup ; — asbi nd-farjdtn, An uubroke horse ;
— sukhuni nd-farjdm, An useless, imperti-
nent, foolish speech ; — ■mazmuni kAujaata-
farjdm, The august contents (of a royal
letter) .

( 916

farjdm-guh, The final home, the

grave.

A. &>^l farjat,jirjat, furjat, The cheerfulness
of a mind freed from sorrow, straits, and
difficulties ; — furjat, Interstice (or space
between two fingers) ; a crevice (in a wall),
gap, chink, breach.

farjad, A great-grandfather.

.u^jJ farjmand, Adorned ; high in rank.

^U. Ai^Ji farjand-shdy, A degree of
Sutic perfection consisting in the knowledge
how to distinguish the creator from the
created (= jL.7 t .u q.v.).
farjud, A miracle.

a Jytyi firjaul, cycji firjaun, A curry-
comb.

a farji, A kind of garment,

a farah (v.n.), Being joyful, glad,
fain ; being saucy, pert, wanton ; gladness,
cheerfulness, glee; wantonness; — farih,
Free from care, gay, happy, joyous, cheer-
ful ; saucy, skittish, pert.

a "U-j* farah-an, Gladly, cheerfully.

a C;* farah-afzd, Mirth-increasing.

a «>m Cj* farah-abdd, Name of a pleasure-
ground in Iran.

a fc>^y farhdn, Joyful, joyous, glad,
happy ; saucy.

a Ji^, farah-lakhsh, Imparting joy
or gladness ; amusing, exhilarating, enter-
taining, refreshing ; name of a garden.

a JU.^ farkat, furhat, Delight, pleasure,
cheerfulness, joy, amusement; sauciness,
insolence ; a gift for anything that has
afforded pleasure ; — -farihat, fariha (fern, of
farih), Cheerful (woman).

a, Jfi, ut^ji farhat-dsar, Pleasant, happy.

a farhat-afzdy, Increasing

delight.

a WU\ ut^y farhatu 'l-Uqd, Pleasant to
ook at ; name of a kite ; the Pondicherry
eagle.

a ,%W^ farhat-anjdm, Of happy is-

sue, prosperous, auspicious, successful.

a yS*-. ut^,i farhat-bakjish, = Cr* q.v,

a i!Ua.^i farahndk, Joyful, delighted.

a farkh, The young of any bird or
beast ; young herbage or plants ; corn
ready to burst into ear ; vile, base, abject,
mean; name of a man ;-~farakh ( V 'H.),
Being secure, exempt from fear or danger ;
cleaving to the ground.

tji farmih (for £j ji far-rukK), faruk£.
Beautiful-faced ; happy, fortunate ; name
of the second of the five supplemental days
added to the Persian year.

\*-j> farkha. Breadth ; affliction, grief,
pain.

juA if farukh-akhtar, Of lucky star, for-
tunate.

oUyi fari&dd, Victorious.

jU-ji farkhdr, Ornament, decoration;
name of a city remarkable for the beauty
of its inhabitants and a number of idols j

) 6*

name of an idol-temple where beautiful
girls devoted themselves to worship.

farkh.dr-des, Like the city of

Farkhar.

^.Uy farkhdsh, War, battle; dispute,
strife.

farkhdk, A lock of hair hanging
down neither plaited or curled.

csSVji fark^dg, A dish of meat and egg*.

JU._ji farkhdl, = q.v.

a firkhdn (pi. of /ar&&), Young

birds or beasts.

yj^U-y farMdnldan, To be well bred,
educated, mannerly ; to have pendent
ears (an animal).

<*sh tf farruhh-pay, Fortunate (lit. of
happy foot).

Jui-ji firukhtdr, A seller.

(jjAs-y firukMan, To sell ; to kindle, in-
flame.

farkhujasta, Prosperous ; happy ;
a musician ; name of a certain flower.

fark^aja, Deformed, sordid, filthy,
^itsiy farakhji, Shamef ulness ; impurity,
vileness, wickedness.

go-ji farakhch, Rump or buttocks of a
quadruped ; ugly, ill-shaped ; unclean ; a
bribe.

))) tr* farrukh-roz, Name of a note in
music.

**\) farrukh-zdd, Happy ; prosperous ;
name of an angel stationed on the earth.

iju-A-ji farkhaeta, Lying on or dragged
along the ground ; wounded, afflicted ;
humble.

farrukh-suwdr, Mounted by an
auspicious rider.

Q. \ ..* „t. j i farkhaeidan, To soften.

)t~ t]> farrukh-siyar, A happy disposi-
tion.

yiAji farakhsh, The rump or buttocks of
a quadruped ; a crupper.

toAA-jJ farkhaehta, A sort of cake made
with leaven, in which almonds and the like
are put; dragged along the ground.

jjAjs-ji farakhshur, A messenger from
heaven, a prophet.

iAA-ji farkhasha, Alinond-eake.

(j. \ |.At < , j i farkhashidan, To dance.

a if farrukh-fdl, Of happy omen,
auspicious ; fortunate, prosperous.

a pAi tji farrukji-qadam, Fortunate (=

a J 1 "* fc/ farrukh-ma' dl, = i^t-f q.v.

yjie^tji farhhanvidan. To beat ; to clean
cotton from the seed ; to pull, pluck,
gather.

iji farrukh-nabard, Lucky in battle,
a successful warrior.

J ty fcj* f^rrukh-niiihdd, Of an illustrious
and prosperous race.

giiji farkhanj, Vain, foolish, useless;
disagreeable (voice) j joy, pleasure, merri-

( 917 )

ment, sport, dalliance ; interest, profit,
share, lot, fortune.

^jW^t farkjiundagi, Happiness.

iAt *-^ farkhunda, Happy ; fortunate,
prosperous.

^ij «JoA.y fark&unda-pdy, Of auspicious
footstep; fortunate.

a 6Ja*y farihunda-r&y . Wise, sage.

a farihnnda-t&W, J* SA«.,i

farfflfimda-fdl, JWtuuate.

pWj* SAiiji fgrJchunda-farjam , Of auspi-
cious tendency, of happy issue.

a JU sjui.y farMunda-ma'dl, Happy is-
sue; auspicious; successful.

j*?* fa.rih.av, The lopping of a Tine,
pruning; clearing a garden or field from
weeds ; the Lybian lizard.

farhhwag, A dish of meat and

eggs.

farhhwar, farkhur. A •water-course ;
the young of the bird tihu (see p. 344).

<js)*-y farkhuy, Nature, disposition.

CJ^J*-/ farkhawidan, To prune, lop (a
tree").

JUa tj* farrukh-hamdl, A beautiful
spouse; possessed of such.
farrukM, Prosperity.

a J/ /ore? (v.n,), Being alone ; entering
upon (any business) alone, achieving (it)
by oneself ; one thing, one out of two, a
half; odd (number); a unit; one person,
an individual ; a single sheet or strip of
paper; a list, roll, register, record, state-
ment ; a single verse ; the singular number ;
incomparable, sole, unique ; God ; alone ;
the white-headed fantail (Leucocerca aure-
ola) ; [fardi bdtil, An odd number ; a use-
less thing ;— /urc?i baqiydt, A balance-sheet ;
fardi tashkhis, A settlement record ;— fardi
jurm, A calendar of crime -—fardi jam'-
bandl, A rent-roll, rental ; — fard shudan az,
To be separated from - fardi qardbat, Kin-
dred-roll ;— fardi kdsht, Statement of (a
peasant's) cultivation; — har fard, Every
one ;] — fard, farad, farid, farud, furud,
A glittering sword -—farad, farid, farud,
furud, Alone, sole, unique, incomparable ;
—furad, farid, One.

A "Wj* fard-an, Singly, severally, one by
one.

fardd, To-morrow; — farddyi qiy&mat,
The resurrection-morn.

farddb, Manifestation, revelation,
s-*, Uji fardd- shab, To-morrow night.
a "UjJ fard-an fard-an, One by one.
(*i' J .r* farddwum, &J-*t\>>]i farddylna, Re-
lating to to-morrow, of to-tnorrow, crastine.
fardajdn, The month of October.
a m*> c *» J)* fard-haqiqat, A memorial.
a uU. fard-ihana, A bouse where
strangers put up on the road ; a private
apartment ; a cell in a monastery.

fardar, fardara, A large wooden
bar to fasten a door.

a fard-fard, Singly, severally ; one
by one.

a JV> °/ fard-suwdl, Petition, applica-
tion.

jiOjJ fardfar, faradfar, (God) the sup-
porter of men,

fj^l fardam, Anxious, troubled, afflicted.

a {j*)^ firdaue, A garden, vineyard, para-
dise ; a fertile valley ; name of several
delightful places; also of ft fortress at
Qazwin; — furdus, Provisions set before a
guest.

a <j»)>>y firdaus-makanl, A title of

a deceased emperor (located in Paradise).

a (j-j V firdavei, A famous Persian poet,
the author of the great epic poem " Snah-
nama."

a *«y farda, A poll-tax.

a ,_5^ fardi, A roll, catalogue.

a ut>^?.«y fardiydt (pi. of the preceding),
Catalogues, statements; details, &c.

yj-y fardln, The first month of the
Persian year, when the sun is in Aries.

fan, Great ; learned \~firt, The queen
at chess; — firz,fwrz, Grass, verdure; — furx,
Excess ; victory, conquest ; a bank of a
large river where boats may harbour.

a jji fan (v.n.), Separating, parting, or
distinguishing ; level ground, a plane
having no mountain ; — firx, A road through
hilly ground.

***^J* farzdda, A large mass of leaven.
fanam, Worthy, suiting, befitting.

©\)/ farzdn, Science, learning ; strength,
constancy ; wise, learned.

a yly* firzdn (for P. farzin), The queen at
chess.

ti^jji fandnagdn (pi. of farzdna),
Learned men ; privy counsellors ; excellent.

<j^\iJ* farssanagi, Learning, science ; wis-
dom ; excellence.

farzdna, A learned man ; wise, ex-
cellent, intelligent ; noble, honourable ;
happy, blest.

^yi. nA^jh farzdna-khoy, Of a wise dispo-
sition.

j\ } AiVyi farzdna-wdr, Sensible, wise,
sage.

*$.'xP farz-bild, Wisdom, understanding.

a final, Part, a thing separated.
farzajd, A suppository, clyster.

•ijji furuzd, A green weed covering stag-
nant water ; verdure, bright, moist, and
succulent.

a farazdaq, A cake baked in the
oven ; a crumb of bread ; a lump of dough ;
surname of the celebrated poet Humam
bin Ghalib, who from the bitterness of his
satire is frequently called shaiidn farazdaq,
Devil Farazdaq.

J^") ir 1 farz-zannydr, A great prayer.

jy^j* ))L farz-farjUhwar, A great pro-
phet.

a pjji furzum, A cobbler's last.

>>* ( 918 ) u>y

■Utf farzand, A son ; a child ; offspring ;
[farzandi db, Aquatic animals ; bubbles ; —
farzandi arjmandath, His illustrious son; —
farzandi dfidb, A ruby ; — farzand baslan
dar mahd, To put a child into the cradle,
to make it sleep in a cradle ;— farzandi bikr,
Eldest son ; an evergreen ; — farzandi Jchdwar.
The sun ; — farzandi rasMd, A good child ;
farzandi zind, A bastard ; — farzandi kujdst,
Where was he born ? — farzandi nek-nihddi
'dli-nizhdd, A son of high quality and noble
race ;] — firzind, Name of a place.

farzanshad, farzand-skcid,
Meditation.

•^jr* farzandak, A little child, a bantling.

i^y farzand - murda, Bereaved

fparent).

tS'Hb 1 farzandi, The properties, qualities,
state, nature, or condition of a child ; — ba-
farzandi ddshtan, To adopt for a son.
farzu. Wisdom, intelligence.
farza, A green herb ; a place full of
grass ;—furza, The bank of a river where
Bhips are moored.

tsjji farzl, The queen at cheBS.

«w» <j)/ farzi-band, A term used at
chess.

f an 'n, The queen at chess ; learned.
funk, farzh, Root of galangale ; rhu-
barb.

a. fan (v.n.), Catching, tearing
(prey) ; breaking the neck, killing ; pas-
turing, tending (horses) ; eating habitually
the black date fardt ; —fir», Name of a herb ;
— furs, Persia ; the Persians ; — farm, A
horse, a mare ; the knight at chess ;— faros
afgandan, To overcome, to vanquish ; —
faras nihadan, To be weak and vanquished.

/«r«a, ^"ji far say, (in com p.) De-
stroying, wearing ; old, worn out ; rubbing
against, reaching (the sky) ;—jan-farsd,
Distracting the mind, unhappy, melancholy,
fatal.

jUjJ farsad, Wise, learned ; a mulberry.
f arg an, Any animal of whose skin
fur garments are made.

A furs&n (pi. of fdris), Horsemen.

y^jUji farsanidan, To cause to rub or
wear.

8j^>L.jl farsdyinda, Waxing old , impaired.

s-~-r* far sab, v~*7* far asp, The main
beam which enters the walls ; tapestry
with which they adorn the walls on feast-
days.

a L.jk farsat, Wind which settles in the
back ; also a painful swelling on the neck.

va—jl farast, Magic, incantation; — firist
(imp. of the following), Send thou ; a
letter; anything sent as a present; a
mission.

{jjjbt-ji firistddan, To send.

iS^ji firistada, pi. (jj^ibu^i firistddagdn,
Sent ; an ambassador, envoy, apostle, le-
gate.

} \ } » ^U~.y firistdda-wdr, Like a messenger,
like an ambassador.

ytfju^i firistagdn, Ambassadors, apostles.

Jtfjujl firistagdni, Apostolical.

jX"ji farastu, firistu, dy-ji farast&k,
firistuh, A swallow.

& f-)i furistuh, A certain king of China.

te-.y firista, Sent ; an ambassador,
apostle ; a present.

a farsalcji (for P. q.v.), A

parasang, a league, about 18,000 feet in
length; an hour ; a long time; an interval;
a chink, cleft ; quiet, repose ; perpetual ;
much.

a farsakh-farsakk, From one

distant place to another.

a 0^*. furs-khwdn. Who reads Per-
sian, a Persian scholar.

J-y farsad, It decays, wears away.

a y\o tj*}i furs-dan, Who knows Persian,
a Persian scholar.

yx-J farsudan, To be worn, to wax
old.

ai-ui farsuda, Worn, decayed, grown
old.

a tjjjj)lk*ji firistdriyun, A species of pulse.

o a^-ji farastun, A public standard of
weights and measures.

laJUjl farsak, Worn out, decayed ; — firisk,
A peach.

yajL.ji /arslua, A fabulous stone obtained
by Alexandev the Great, which, when
placed on mercury, was changed to silver.
farsuhin, Talc, mica.

a t£~.f firsin, firsan, Hoof of a camel or
sheep,

<~i\j~ji firisndf, a^-jifirisndfa, New-year's
night.

g^juu.^ farsanddj, A messenger, prophet.

tsSi-^i farsang, A parasang, league ; a
distance of twelve thousand cnbits ; — dih
wii-bini u farsang mt-pursi, You inquire for
a thing which is evident (proverbial).

jUȣjL^i fareangsdr, A league-stone.
farsud, = iiJj-ji q.v.

jjsjj-ji farsudagl, Obliteration ; wear,
waste.

yj^i farsudan, To rub, scrub, wear,
tear, consume, dimmish ; to be worn, torn,
old, inveterate; to rot; to kick, strike,
shake ; to torment, persecute ; to press,
urge, compel, importune ; to expose one-
self to danger ; to hitch along sitting on
the backside ; to be dragged by anything
when lying; to be fatigued, languid, spirit-
less ; to detest, loathe ; to anoint ; to be
anointed ; to repent ; to congeal.

farsi't da, Torn, worn, old, decayed.

,.3 ; njj-ji fursuda-razm, Experienced in
warfare.

a u-ji fur si, Persian ; Persic.

s-~s— y farsib, A main beam.

yj^t-tji farsldan, = Q^y^ q.v.

a Jtiji farsh (v.n,), Spreading (a carpet

U>>* ( 919 ) ^

or the like) ; furnishing (a house) j paving,
laying flag-stones ; enlarging, rendering
eassy ; a bed, couch, cushion, mat, carpet,
bed-clothes (construed with the verbs of-
gandan, andajthtan, bastan, shudan, hardan,
kashldan, yustdrdnidan, gustardan, gushd-
dan, &c.) ; a large court or quadrangle ;
blades of corn just sprouting above ground ;
small camels ; animals reared for slaughter ;
a place where many shrubs grow ; a lie,
falsehood ; state, condition ; grief, sorrow ;
name of a valley ; [farshi bdsitdn (khdk).
The earth ; — farshi dii-rang, The world ;
the earth ; night and day ;— farshi 'aj, (a
carpet of ivory) Snow ; — yak dasti farsh,
One carpet ;]— furush (pi. of firdsh), Beds,
mattrasses.

JV Biestings ; — farish, Tired of.

jlAji far shad, Name of the soul or intel-
lect of the sphere of Mars.

firishtag, = tsCfcji q.v.

yl&Lfcji firishtagan (pi. of firishta), An-
gels.

^ilSxkji firishtagtini, Angelical.
fA'jL farashtu, liysAj* farashtuk, A swal-
low.

isAjl firishta, An angel ; a messenger,
apostle; — firishta'i bar-tar {sdldr), The first
or supreme intellect, &c. (= 'aqli auwal
q.v. under J*c) ; — firishta'i sahdb, The an-
gel Michael, the an gel of the clouds; —
firishta'i suri, Israel ; — firishta'i marg, The
angel of death, called murddd.

yUJ ssAyi firishta-tandn, Angelic beings ;
(met.) the stare ; holy men, saints.

u»«- firishta-sirat, Angel-tempered.

Ojj iufcy firishta-gird, (angel- city) The
heavens.

ytx* AsAji firishta-manish, Of angelic dis-
position.

Jb } isi^i firishta-wash, Like an angel.
<d±)i farishk, farishg, A small

bunch joining a larger.

fureha, firsha, New milk, biestings.
a farshi, A kind of hookah.

farshed, The brother of Piran Weea.
,wAy farshim, A share, division ; a sec-
tion.

a. ycji fars (v.n.), Cutting, cleaving, tear-
ing, Blitting ; hurting in the farisat or
muscles of the shoulder (see

a S^eji firsdd, The white mulberry, the
leaves of which being boiled with those of
the black fig and of the vine in rain-water,
produce a liquor which will stain hair
black.

a. i-y farsat, Wind in a tumour, espe-
cially on the back — firsat, A menstruous
cloth -—fursat, Occasion, opportunity, con-
venience ; leisure, rest, ease ; relief, respite,
reprieve ; recovery ; coincidence ; advan-
tage; a time, turn, (drinking in) rotation;
leave; — fursat yd/tan, To find an oppor-
tunity ; — dar andak fursate, In a short

time ; — fauti fursat kardan, To neglect, lose,
or miss one.

a fursat-jo, Seeking an occasion.

A firsid, -i^oji firstd, A grape-stone.

a u&ji far? (v.n.), Cutting, notching,
nicking ; ordering anything to be observed ;
rendering necessary and obligatory ; giving,
allowing a stipend ; an indispensable duty,
divine command, obligation ; onus ; re-
sponsibility ; supposition, hypothesis, as-
sumption ; the notch at the horn of a bow ;
an unfettered arrow (for drawing lots) ; a
shield ; that part of the steel or wood which
strikes fire ; one of the timbers in a house ;
a sort of date ; [bi 'Ufarz, On the suppo-
sition, supposing that ; — 'aldfarzi 'l-muhdl,
Granting an impossibility ;] — firs, The fruit
of the divarf palm-tree whilst yet green ; —
furaz (pi, oifurzat), Notches in the horns
of a bow; taxes, customs.

a "L&ji farz-an, Supposing the case, for
example ; clearly, distinctly ; altogether,
entirely, principally, above all ; so that ;
surely.

a i^i fursat, The notch in the horn of a
bow, or in the top of a yarn-spindle into
which the thread goes ; an indent of a river
where water is drawn ; a bight where ships
ride at anchor ; a harbour, dock, station
for shipping ; the mouth of a river ; the
orifice of an inkstand ; the hinge of a door ;
a tax, custom-duty.

a farazl, Obligatory, binding, in-
cumbent; imperative; assumed, hypothe-
tical ; fictitious, not real.

a farzlyat, An indispensable pre-
cept ; hypothesis, assumption.

a fart (v.n.), Being careless, deficient
in duty, or inattentive; losing anything;
losing by an untimely death (a son) ; send-
ing (an ambassador) ; being sprinkled late
with the male flowers when the pods are
ready to burst (the female palm) ; getting
before, outstripping, anticipating ; pre-
ceding a caravan to make preparation for
its arrival ; visiting one after a space of
time, not less than three days and not more
than fifteen; excess, extravagance, exorbi-
tance; too much ; superfluity; a road-post;
victory, superiority, prevalence, mastery,
ascendency, predominance ; the summit of
a hill ; \_fa/rti mahabbat (mawaddat), Excess
of affection or fondness ;] — far at, A person
or persons going before to prepare buckets,
ropes, and whatever is requisite for the
wants of a caravan, &c. ; water taking the
precedency of other waters ; good works
sent before ; a son dying under the age of
puberty, on which occasion it is said, Alla-
hurnma' j'al-hu li-na jarat-an, O God !
place him amongst the good works we have
sent before, i.e. make him a title for reward
to us ;—furut, A swift horse outstripping
all the others ; left or neglected business ;

( 920 )

anything done beyond bounds ; iniquity,
injustice, oppression ; a high hill.

a ,j«U»ji firtds, Broad, wide.

A t/Jj* fartas, Name of a village near
Bagdad.

WjM fartfw> Name of a wrestler in
Afrasiyab's army.

A ah* furffim, A boot, or the toe of it.

A gj* far' (v.n.), Excelling others (in
birth or in beauty) ; striking the head with
a stick; checking a horse, pulling the
bridle ; prohibiting, preventing ; the upper-
most part of anything ; top, head ; a full
head of hair ; chief of a people or family ;
ready and available property ; branch of a
tree ; a bow made of the extremity of a
branch ; a channel, a gutter ; a subdivision ;
a derivative ; a fundamental institution or
doctrine ; [far'i tust, He is created or made
after thee ;— far'-h&yoarani khak, Men;] —
fur', Name of a river or water-station ; also
of a place ; (pi. of afra') having a full head
of hair (persons) ;—fara' (v.n.), Having a
large head of hair; the firstling of a camel
or sheep offered by the pagan Arabs in
sacrifice to their goda ; a piece let into a
leathern bottle ; name of a place between
Basrah and Kufah ;—Juru' (pi. of far a'),
PirstlingB of camels or sheep (as above).

a o^r* far' an. Name of the architect of
Khusrau Parwez.

a J*r* fur'ul, A young hyena.

a yfy* fir' awn, A crocodile ; surname of
Walid bin Mns'ab, king of Egypt, contem-
porary with Moses ; name of the kings of
Egypt in general ; a cruel tyrant ; proud,
insolent, unbelieving.

a tJjCjifir'auni, Haughtiness; Pharaonic.

a far'i, Derivative ; descending.

£ji fargb (for A. tj 1 ), A chicken.

a & f a rp&> The place between the
handles of a bucket, over which the water
is poured ; a vessel wherein is date-honey ;
name of two lunar mansions (the 26th and
27th) ;—firgk (v.n.), Being shed with im-
punity (blood) ; leisure, disengagement ; —
faragth (v.n.), Being poured out (water) ; —
farigh, Free, disengaged, at leisure.

farghar, Moistened, wetted; kneaded;
mixed ; broken, bruised ; name of a scout
belonging to Afrasiyab.

yjtyU^ fargfaaridan, To moisten well ; to
mix (leaven) with any liquid ; to scratch
(the head).

yUji fargi&n, = cjW^ty q.v.

jjiUiji fargh&nj, s^r* fargkdnch, A plump
fat cow or mule full of flesh ; a vineyard,
(this doubtful).

farghdna, Name of a country in
Turkistan ; name of a note in music ; name
of a mountain where mandrakes are found
in abundance.

gleiUy fargidniyan, Natives or inhabit-
ants of Farghana.

jsV fargAaj, Ivy.

rV fargkar, The bed of a river when
almost dry; also the small quantity of
water remaining in such a river; a minor
stream derived from a more considerable
one ; a ditch, pool.

W*y>* farghardan ( =<!} ^\Jiji q.v.), To
moisten, mix, Ac, whence —

Sj y|? 1 farg&arda, Mixed, kneaded.

J*ji fargJkul, A wrapper ; a quilted cloak ;
a cloak, great coat ; — furgh.nl, Procrastina-
tion, negligence.

farg/tan, A channel newly made
through which the water is caused to flow.

fargiand, i-wi^i farg£anda, Any-
thing offensive to the smell ; ivy.

y^l fargiu, Nature, disposition (= tSj 4 ^
q.v.).

jj^ji farg&ur, A bird resembling a par-
tridge, but smaller ; a lark ; a frog.

•^y^ farg£olc, Silent, taciturn, modest;
delay, slowness.

Jykji fargkol, Procrastination ; negli-
gence; — fargkul, A wrapper; a quilted
cloak ; a great coat (see J^) .

cs^r* firghuy, A sparrow-hawk, merlin.

(jS^i fargf&sh, Old, worn out ; a fur-
garment, the hair of which is dropping off ;
long hair hanging down from a skin ; hang-
ing strips of skin ; negligence.

a jUji farfar, Loquacious ; full of levity;
fickle; one who breaks everything; a kind
of vehicle for women ; — farfar, firfdr, A
lion which shakes and breaks in pieces his
fellow.

«s-iji farfat, Fumitory.

^iiji firiftan, To deceive, cozen, cheat.
farfakk. >** i j i farfakhez, Purslain ;
joints in stalks of corn.

y>ji farfar, Reading or writing expedi-
tiously ; a word spoken in haste ; quick-
ness, hurry, expedition ; a boy's top ; —
farfar nawiehtan, To write in haste.

A furfur, Name of a bird ; a sparrow.

yljjjiji farfuriizan, The Creator.

djjiji farfaruh, A child's top.

ijiji farfara, Hurry in speaking, writing,
or working; a child's plaything, formed of
a piece of leather cut round, which, by
means of a double string, is made to whirl
about, making a humming noise; a paper-
toy like the sweeps of a windmill applied
on a pin to the end of a stick.

(J*yyy farfuriyus, Name of a sage who
was a companion of Sikandar.

jjiyi farfur, A kind of bird smaller than
a partridge ; a quail ; a fat sheep ---furfur,
Sour milk, dried and become black.

a )^ furfur, A boy, servant ; a fat camel ;
a camel eating or chewing the cud ; a spar-
row.

yjijaV farfuriyus, = wfyty q.v.
3^ farfuz, A bird smaller than a par-
tridge.

(

u*j*/ farffta, A kind of red pumice-stone
applied to wounds.

*V f ar f a ' Purslain ; a crane (bird).

y^iy farfahan, farfahn, Purslain.

^-iji far fir, A small kind of partridge;
a quail ; a fat sheep ; (for A. fir fir) a
violet,

a firflr, Purple ; a violet.
0*V farfain, farfayan, farflna,
Purslain.

a o^jij* farfayun, fa/rfiyun, Euphorbium ;
gum euphorbium.

a jji farq (v.n.). Separating, dividing;
deciding judicially ; separation, distinction,
division (construed with biidan, hardan,
nihddan, &c.) ; the parting of the hair;
the head, summit, top ; defect, something
amiss, deterioration ; flax ,- a kind of bird ;
away ! aside ! [farqi farqad-sdy, A head
reaching the stars ; — bi-la farq, Indiscrimi-
nately, without distinction, indifferently ;]
—farq, faraq (the latter said to be prefer-
able), A measure used in Madinah (3 sd'
or 15 rifl) ; — firq, A part separated from
the whole ; a piece split 'off anything ; a
mountain (separate from others) ; a flock
of sheep, a herd of cattle or deer; — furq,
Separation ; whatever distinguishes truth
from falsehood ; the Qur'an ;— faraq (v.n.),
Trembling, fearing, being frightened ;
diving, plunging into ; drinking from the
measure farq or faraq ; dispersion (as of
darkness by the dawn), dawn, daybreak,
morning brightness ; an interval between
the front teeth, cloven hoofs of cattle,
beard of an old man ; an inequality in the
hips of a horse, one being higher than the
other; [abyan mina 'l-faraq, Clearer than
the dawn ;] — fariq, Small and dispersed
(plants) not covering the ground; timid,
frightened ; — firaq (pi. of ftrqat), Crowds,
bodies, sects; — fwruq, furraq (pi. of fariq),
Camels or asses bringing forth.

A y^*/ furqdn (v.n. of >3ji), Separating,
dividing, discriminating, distinguishing;
whatever discriminates between truth and
falsehood, the Qur'iin, the Pentateuch, any
sacred book ; assistance, victory ; demon-
stration, proof; the dividing of the Red
Sea ; the dawn ; (ph of farq or faraq)
measures of that name (see preceding
article); — yaurtm 'l-furqdn, The day of the
battle of Badr.

a furqdni, Euranic.

a. s-J/jWgMS, Name of a place in Egypt.

a As*V farqubiyat, A kind of Egyptian
linen.

a iiji fi.rqat, firqa, A body, sect, clan,
troop, band ; a leathern bottle full to the
brim; [firqa' i nasdrd, The Christian per-
suasion;]— furqat, Separation, distinction;
distance ; abandonment ; — fariqat, fariqa,
fern, of fariq, (A country) whose plants
grow up at intervals.

921 ) r y

A Jjji farqad, A calf, or the young of a
wild cow ; one of two bright stars near the
north pole.

A ijWji farqaddn. Two stars near the
pole of the Lesser Bear.

yl-uiiji farqanddn, A kind of bacchan&Iia
celebrated bv the Armenians before a fast.

JiV farqur, A bird resembling a par-
tridge.

A **y fark (v.n.), Kubbing (an ear of
com or cloth) with the hands ; cracking (a
louge or flea) ; being hostile to, hating ;
conjugal hatred ; — firq, Hatred (between
husband and wife) ; name of a village ; —
farcili, Limberness in the root of the ear;
name of a village near Isfahan; — farik.
Whose bark or skin is rubbed or peeled off.

a farhamakh, A rapacious young

lion ; —farkdmukji, Milk poured over meat.

O^i farkan, A canal newly dug from a
large river; rotten, falling to pieces from
age ; an excavation formed by a torrent,
with water lodging here and there.

farkand, An excavation formed by
a torrent ; an artificial canal newly dug ; a
ditch ; a stream above ground flowing from
one spot to another ; a subterraneous canal
which works its way from one well to an-
other ; anything falling to pieces from age.

O^t* farkandan, To dig a canal, and to
bring water into fields and gardens ; to do
one an unpremeditated or accidental injury,
to lead one into danger without design ; to
destroy, tear, when pulling up (herbs, hair,
and the like).

S^ ; j farkanda, Old, worn, decayed, fall-
ing to pieces, torn, destroyed ; dug.

o^-visy farkandidan, To cause to be dug,
yVs^j fargdn, Name of a certain beverage,
beer, ale.

far gah. Presence; worship; majesty.
*^iSy farguft. Order, command, decree.
jSji fargiil, A kind of garment (gee

JV)-

farlds, Name of the soul of the
sphere of Mercury,
ysjf jt far-gohar, Essence.
4yf f far-goyd, Speaking ; rational (ani-
mal).

ftji far am, Grief, anguish ; baseness.

fa rm a (imp. of farmildan), Com-
manding, ordering (used in comp.).

(jWy far man (S. pramdna), A mandate,
command, order, or royal patent ; — farmdni
jaUlu'l-qadar, Precept of high authority ; —
farmani jalJl-'anwfm, Diploma with the
illustrious imperial signature; — farman i
jahdn-muta', Injunction obeyed by all the
world -—farmdni 'dli-shdn, The exalted or
the imperial mandate ; — farmdni qadar-
ti/wdn. Decree of powerful efficacy; — far.
muni qazd-jaraydn, Command flowing like,
or irresistible as, destiny ;— farmdni wdjibu
'l-itdn, Order proper to be submitted to ;

& ( 922 )

— farmdni wdjibu 'l-imtisdl, Ordinance ne-
cessary to be obeyed. Construed with the
verbs dtidan, randan and kardan in the
sense of " commanding," and with rasidan,
yaftan, in the sense of "dying" (death
being viewed as a divine decree).
ji ,eAtrt farmdn-bar, fty <jUy farmdn-

servant ; a sub-

bardar, Order-bearing ; a
ect.

^j^ily farmdn-barddrl, ^j^r* far-
mdn-bari, Obedience, subjection -—farman-
bard&ri Icardan, To obey, to yield obedience
to commands.

$H farmdn-paztr, Submissive.

B*W farmdnaj, A leaf of a tree (pro-
bably misreading for q.v.)-

jj yUji farmdn-dih, Issuing mandates,
i.e. A monarch, emperor, king, reigning
prince.

(jA^Uji farman-dihi, Empire, sove-
reignty ; — farman-dihi' i qdzi, A written
order or sentence of a judge.

\i> furman-rawd, A monarch, sove-
reign, ruler.

oW)} e^*r* farmdn-rawdydn (pi. of the
preceding), Monarchs.

O^r* farmdn-shind, Who listens to a
command ; obedient.

uW* fartndn-farmti (i5^*j* farmay),
An issuer of orders.

o*W* 65 W farman-farma'i, Empire,
sovereignty.

flig yUji farmdiuguzdr, Issuing com-
mands, a monarch, ruler.

farmdn-guzarl, Empire, sove-
reignty.

u^* 1 t)^*/* farmdn-niyosh, Who listens to
a command j obedient.

fcS^V farmay, = V»J q.v.

tr^Vy farmdyish, Order, will, commands ;
— farmdyish mt-farmd'id, Will you allow?
kindly permit (m.c).

(j-^Vji farmayishi, Ordered ; excellent.

6jLuUy farmdyinda, Ordering ; a com-
mander.

yjiUji farmay un, The cow of Faridiin ; a
kind of silk. (See aji^ji p. 178.)

A-ji farmad, Name of a village near Tub.

<*~y»;i farmarust, Weak from want of
food.

farmtts, The old name of Dama-
ghan (probably misreading for w^j* q-v.).

yi-*^ faramush, <j-*"*j* faramushi, far-
mushi, Forgetfulness.

faram - gin,
Afflicted, melancholy,
guish.

^yii&.ji faramgim, Sadness, grief, an-
guish.

ii)U-ji faramndh, Sad, grieved, full of
anguish.

farmand, Wise, enlightened; pure.
yiifji farmudan, To command, order ;
to deign, to favour; to be pleased to say or

faram - gin,
grieved, full of an-

A particular mark
a village in the

speak ; (in verbal combinations = kardm
or edkhtan) to make, to do, &c. ; to come ;
to sit down ; — bi-farmd'id, Please take a
seat (m.c).

o&V^ farmudagi, The being subject to
command, dependence.

farmiida, Ordered, commanded ; a
mandate, order, command, injunction, pre-
scription, flat ; — -farm&da'i jeJtvdd, The com-
mandments of Ood.

i^V* farmosh, Forgetfulness.

farmfik, vtSy-i* farmug, A ball of
thread upon its spindle ; a boy's top set in
motion by a Btring.

•^f^ farmuhad, A village near Tus

(= q- v -)-

farma, A violet.

a y*i furn, An oven.

A gvji firndj, furndj,
of a camel ; name of
country of the tribe Taiy

(vjji^iUji farndihidan, To blush ; to be-
come gentle, well-mannered ; to hang the
ears ; to become sly ; to carti cotton.

JlSji farndd, Power, strength ; bottom of
water; a fish-pond; end, extremity.

u^iji famds, Careless ; indolent, yawn-
ing, slumbering, drowsy, oppressed with
sleep ; ignorant, untaught ; ignorance, care-
lessness ; according to others a decrepit old
man.

a o*^ 1 firnds, A thick-necked Hon;
strong and courageous (man) ; the head
man of a Persian village ; name of a man.

inSU^J farndk, A privy.

farndn, Of obscure birth, ignoble,

vile.

a VrJji firnib, A mouse; the young of a
jerboa.

giji faranj, — <J&i£(\. v.; — fur unj, faranj,
firunj, The environs of the mouth ; a large
branch lopped off, in order that smaller
ones may shoot forth.

«sWV faranjak, firinjak, Nightmare.

•itLi**=rji faranjmushk, A sweet basil.

ihrjl faranj a, firanja. Prance ; Europe
with exception of Greece ; a sea-port of the
Franks.

i^rji faranjiya. Name of war-engine in-
troduced by the Franks into the East.

farand, firand (for parand), A sword's
glittering surface (see the following).

a Jiji ftrind (for P. JJy v q.v„ p. 244), A
sword, or its glittering surface ; the or-
namentation of a sword ; a kind of figured
cloth or a garment made of it ; the seed of
the pomegranate ; name of a plant ; — -fimid,
Pot-herbs, seasoning for meat.

t&ji farang, firing, A Frank, an Italian,
European ; a Christian ; all nations which
wear short garments ; ruddy, of pleasing
aspect ; a galley ; — firnag, A boy's play-
thing.

yU—fcji frangistdn, firingittan, Italy,

( 928 )

Prance, or the country of the Franks ;
Europe.

,j<!ji frangi, firingl, French ; Italian ;
an European Christian ; a matchlock.

_u~*Sy farangls, The daughter of Afras-
yab, married to Siyawush and mother of
Kai Khusrau.

•yj* fa-mud, Demonstration, proof.

jLjjiji farnudear, Name of an encyclo-

**r* farna, Malediction, execration.

* ijj 1 furni, Cooked in an oven also
bread half baked in the oven, i.e. round
and thick and overspread with milk, butter,
and sugar; stiff, sturdy (fellow); bulky
(dog) ;—firni, A dish made of ground rice,
milk, and sugar, resembling the sjyVj q,v.,
p. 233, and hence called its brother (bird-
dari paluda), but apparently of greater
consistency.

* # u 1 / 4 firnl-paz, Who prepares the dish
firni, described in the preceding article.

a j/* farw, A garment of fur.

jy* faru, A species of fine fox-fur (see the
preceding) -—faro, firo, furd, Down, down-
ward; below; under, beneath; low; — furo
guft, He spoke low, he whispered.

Ar* farwar, A house for the summer ;
an upper room provided with doors and
windows ; a winter- habitation.

"A/ farwdra, A summer-house ; trea-
sury.

)V f&rwaz, A summer-parlour; a short
piece of wood or lath connecting the rafters,
and supporting the roof, which is mostly
of clay.

farwdl, farwala, A summer-
habitation; an upper-room, open on all
sides.

))i firo-dmadan, To come down ; to
descend ; to go down (as the sun) ; to
plunge into water.

farwdn, Name of the rational soul
of the sphere of Venus.

farwancha, A moth ; a little moth.
0>**>W %l firo-bdridan, To pour down ; to

Jtf* firo-hurdagi, Deglutition.

<2 J j» tf> ^ro-burdcwt, To carry down ; to
Bwallow ; to duck, to plunge.

t>*-~» )}i firo-bastan, To fasten, to close ; —
chashm firo-bastan, To close the eye ; — kdr
firo-bawlad, The affair fails.

tj^jj yi firo-paridan, To fly low.

(jjXjAji jji firo-posMdtm, To hide, conceal.

a ijji farnsat, The skin of the head ; a
fur-coat ; a tunic having turned-up sleeves ;
dried provender ; name of a man.

faraut, furaut, Much, many, abun-
dant.

firotar, Lower, inferior ; — firotar shu-
dcm, To come lower and lower, to descend
from the summit,
(jjiji^i firotarln, Lowest.

0* JJ* firo-tan, firu-tan, Lowly ; humble,
depressed ; submissive.

fitrotanda, Hard; pressed, com-
pressed.

csf sfl firo-tanl, Submission; humility,
lowliness ; —firo-tanl kardan, To humble
oneself, to submit.

a ejtr* faruj, A bow bellying out distant
from the string ;—furiij (pi. of farj), Pri-
vities;— farriij, A small shirt; a boy's
garment having an opening behind ; — far-
riij, furruj, A chicken.

<3**e%- )^ firo-chakidan, To distil, drop.

<2-**^ fji firo-chidan, To pick up, gather.
firukkt, farokht, furo&ht, He sold;
sale, selling ; [firukjit kardan, To sell ; —
ba-firukht dmadan, To be sold ; — kharld w
firukM, Buying and selling, purchase and
sale ;]— furokht, He kindled.

J^ir 1 firukhtdr, A seller.

^J^-rf firulchtagi, Sale, vendition, vend.
firukhtan, farokhtan, To sell ; —
furokhtan, To inflame, kindle, set on fire.

,_5"^-;^ firukhtani, Venal, saleable.

Aatyi firukhta, Sold ;—furokhta, Kindled,
lit ; shining, radiant.

O'H)* i£ ' firo-khmldan, To creep, to crawl.

(d"** 4 " jr* firo-kJiuftan, To become thick (as
milk), to concrete (as honey).

4j4s - ir* firo-khvfta, Concreted ; a low hill.

yjislji ^ firo-khwandan, To call ; to read.

<jj.jyi&. }) i firo-khwurdan, To eat, swallow,
gulp down ; to suppress anger, to quell
one's rage.

•iyi farwad, The bar of a door ;—firod,
farod, Below, under, down ; descent ; lower
part, bottom ; a door-sill ; a cheat, rogue,
deceiver; vile, bad, wicked, unlucky;
proud, arrogant ; deceived ; name of the
son of Siyawush ;—furod, Fried or baked
(meats).

is-tb %i firo-dasM, End, term, extremity j
the dying away of sound ; the lower or
latter part of anything.

t^x*W }} i firo-ddMan, To keep down ; to
preserve.

y-x^ <s^ firod-dmadan, To alight.

i\S a*- 1 ! Jjji firod-dmadan-gah, A halt-
ing-place.

yjyT ^ifirod-dwardan (t)>**y^ awaridan),
To cause to alight.

<x~. j )} i firo-dast, Inferior, powerless ;
speaking, singing, reciting together ; a
chorus, concert ; a name given to the pro-
vince of Bengal by the people of the upper
provinces, its inhabitants being called firo-
dasti.

slS j^J firod-gdh, Halting-place, camp.

t^ji farwada. The bar of a door;—
furoda, Meanness, vileness ; mean, avari-
cious; — furoda, firoda, Fried in a pan,
baked in the oven.

AjL. ^^Jyi ftrodi-mtiya (?), The matter of
this (lower) world, the four elements (the

>y ( 924 ) } yi

vocalisation of the word is not given in the
dictionaries, but the first part seems iden-
tical with firodln in the following article),

farwadin, Name of a month ; name
of an angel ; the nineteenth day of every
month ; — firodin, Lowest ; a threshold ; the
west wind.

farwar, o^i forward, Separation;
genius, presiding angel.

A >rf farm, Fleeing, fugitive ; — farur,
furrur, The young of a goat, sheep, or wild
cow.

a yVjy l /' farwardjdn, and —

O^yr* farwardgdn, o^j/ fa/rwardyan,
Five supplementary days added to the
Persian year.

0"*)))* farwardan, To nourish, foster,
educate.

tH J jir* farwardln, The nineteenth day of
the month ; the first month of the Persian
year, corresponding with March ; also the
Dame of an angel supposed to preside
over it.

fcJ^J )/ fi r0 -raftan t To go down, descend,
he swallowed, absorbed '; to sink.

(»j teij jjifiro-rafta-dam, Whose breathing
is oppressed, afflicted, suffering misery.
farwara, = q.v.

yjji U>_j jjji firo raiia feardcm, To drop, to
let fall (a veil or curtain).

fcj-^j jj* fin-rekhtan, To pour out, to
spill; to fall off, or in pieces ; to be shed ;
to descend, dismount.

jir* fwroz, Splendour, light, brilliancy,
heat; quality, property ; (imp. of furokhtan,
in comp.) inflaming, illuminating, kind-
ling.

oli^r* furozan, Luminous, resplendent,
radiant ;—furozdn shudan, To kindle, in-
flame, burn ; to be in flames.
^ otyjO* furozdn-far, The Creator.

furozad, The planet Jupiter ; a
fresh, juicy potherb.

furozish, Light, splendour ; de-
scription, definition.

jr*'}}) 1 firozish-gar, Illuminating ; making
known, praising, describing.

U^y* furozgdn, Qualities, properties.
U^j.^* furozandagt, Light, lustre.

faromnda, Kindler, illuminator;
polisher ; resplendent.

^U. tajjjji furozanda-Jchdwar, The world-
illuminating sun.

furoza, Quality, property ; descrip-
tion.

^j}^ furoz-h a, Lights, splendours ; quali-
ties.

*" i *3A> 1 (?)> Reared, brought up, educated,
enlightened.

furozlda, Illuminated; qualified,
described.

O-Vjjr* furozldan, = t&^rf furohMan, q.v.
furotlna, Chips ; tinder - box ;

quahty.

gOjX-. }] i firo-siturddn, To shave, scrape,
pare ; to erase, cancel, abolish, cut off.

a furusat, furusiyat, The art

of horsemanship ; knowledge of horses,
skill in whatever relates to them ; sharp-
ness, quickness of intellect.

J*)]» firosh, Selling; a seller; — halted-
firosh, A seller of sweetmeats ; — khwud-
firoshdn, "Vendors of themselves, i.e.
boasters.

a \£>))i furush (pi. of farsh), Carpets.

^AyJ faroshd. Selling ; a seller.

yjJlv^i firoshdndan, To put or throw
away, to pat aside ; to remove.

&**<gi faroshtan, To let or send down.

yjiA firo-shudan, To sink, to be
drowned ; to descend ; to dive ; to set (as
the sun) ; to die.

jyi firo-shustan, To destroy.

msA&jj* faroshalc, A dish of bruised wheat.

JSJUAyi firoshanda, a vendor; — firoshan-
dagdni mata', Sellers of wares.

^ir 1 farosha, Any species of pastry made
with almonds ; — furosha, Bruised wheat.

^jji firoshi, Selling, sale.

yjuAj^i firoshidan, To sell.

a ijtjji furuz, The growing old (of a cow,
Ac.)-

a Ljji fiirut (v.n. of ty), Preceding, out-
stripping, reaching others; excelling, taking
the lead in any matter.

A £ }J i fnru'' (v.n. of £ ; i), Excelling in
birth or beauty ; (pi. of far') heads, tops,
summits; chiefs; branches, ramifications;
the derivative institutes of the law ; funda-
mental principles.

A toUyJ furU'dt (pi. oifuru'), Summits.

a tjCj/ furu'l, Branch ; collateral, in-
direct ; additional ; income or revenue
other than that from a fixed source, addi-
tional income.

A £yi farilgh, A star, the sign Gemini ;
—furiigh (v.n. of fy), Finishiug, bringing
to a conclusion; dying; being at leisure;
(pi. oi fargh.) orifices of buckets.

furogji, Splendour, light, brightness,
flame ; construed with the verbs uftadan,
dddan, zadan, firo-cMdan, giriftan, &c.

j 'urogram, Luminous, resplendent.

toiyi firoghta, '^y* firoghda, Sold ; —
furoghta, fvrogAda, Lighted up, flashing,
radiant.

furogkmanei, Resplendent, radiant.

^juuJs^i furoghmandi, Splendour, bright-
ness, radiancy.

a jyi farnq, Timid ; a name of Constan-
tinople ; also of another place ;—fwriiq (v.n.
of Jj»), Arriving where two roads meet ;
retiring from a herd (a she- camel or ass)
when near delivery; (pi. of farlq) troops,
bodies ; name of a place.

us!^i faruh, A young bird that has not
yet laid.

yrftfyj farokds, Mean, vile, contemptible.

( 925 )

ft)V firo-kardan, To put down, to
bend, to bow (the head) ; to let down ; to
collect.

w*^ jtf* firo-kash, faro*kash. Pulling down ;
alighting, staying, residing ; who settles
down in a place, a settler ;— firo-lcash shu-
dan, To alight ; to stay, lodge, reside ; —
firo-lcash kardan, To settle in a place ; to
contend, to squabble, to call one by a bad
name; to render vile, to abase, to adul-
terate.

)ji firo-kashtdan. To pull down ; to
drag along the ground ; to settle down, to
take up one's abode in a place.

tlf*/ ))* firo-koftan, To knock down,
bruise.

jji firo-guzar, Negligence, careless-
ness ; — firo-guzar kardan, To neglect.

yi firo-guzdsht, Negligence, re-
missness, carelessness; shortness.

y**'-^ firo-guz&Man, To dismiss, dis-
charge, quit, leave, omit, neglect, let alone ;
to dissipate, destroy ; to let down.

fcf 54 / firo-giriftan, To seize ; to strike
a hard blow.

0*** Jir 1 firo-gashtan, To disappear.

^* Jr 1 firo-mti, for firo-maya (ma-a), Do
not come down, do not withhold or stint.

o^eN* firo-malldan, To pluck, collect,
gather ; to twist ; to press, squeeze, strain.

firo-mandagi, Helplessness, in-
digence, poverty ; distress, despondency.

yiiU )} i firo-mdndan, To expect, wait for ;
to adhere ; to be astonished, weak, help-
less.

))> firo-mdnda, Broken, weak,
fatigued, tired, dejected, depressed, op-
pressed; helpless, without relief; bewil-
dered, amazed ; defective ; — 'djiz w firo-
mdnda shudan, To be powerless, oppressed,
fatigued.

i^*^* faro-man? , = q.y.

<3^V jy* firo-mdyagan, Base people.

i^i^* firo-mayagi, Baseness, mean-
ness, despicableness.

firo-maya, Ignoble, mean, abject,
petty, base, worthless, sordid ; humble, low ;
ignorant, unskilful ; poor ; a miser ; a
spendthrift.

a JjS _ djU jjji firo-mdya-qaul. Silly talk,
an insipid speech ; an idle talker.

-A} ^^"ar* firo-maya-wdr. Ignoble, mean,
&c. (= 4jU }J i q.v.).

fariimad, Name of a village near Tiis.
}ji firo-rnirdmdan, To extinguish.

u«W};i furunjak, The parts about the
mouth externally ; the nightmare.

farwand, farwanda, A bar for

a door ; winged, furnished with sails ; tiller
(nav,) ; a word used in numbering ships,
as dii, farwand kishti, Two ships.

yAlUi )} i firo-nishdndan, To extinguish.

y^eitSJ firo-nhhdntdan, To put down,
quell, lessen, check, quench, extinguish.

ti }} i firo-nishastan, To be quenched.
Cj^V pj 1 firo-nihadan, To put down ; to
leave, dismiss.

}} i firo-hikhta, Making an agree-
ment ; arriving.

j*yi fxiruhar, Matter, essence (distin-
guished from accident).

firo-lmhtagi, Pendulousness.

yiAfc )} i firo-hishtan, To hang down.
firohishta, Loose, pendulous.

J*;;' furohil, Name of an Iranian cham-
pion ; — firo-hil, imp. of —

y^Ato }; i firo-UUdan, To quit, leave, loose,
let go, throw away.

t furohinda, An angel ; beautiful ;
good-tempered, well-conducted, educated.

^a*** }) i firo-Mkhtan, To teach ; to draw
(a sword).

(;)Ju*jji farohidan, To abandon, throw
away.

farohlda, Ingenious, wise ;—firo-
hlda, Manifest, plain ; pompous, stately.
farwida (?), Praised, described.

5b) 1 farwez, Lace, fringe, edging.

far-mesh, Error, fault; omission,
negligence, forgetfulness ; leisure ; want of
employ, idleness ; roughness, harshness ;
name of a woman.

a iyi furh, furuh, farrah (pi. of fdrih),
Ingenious, clever ; brisk (mules) \—farah
(v.n.), Being very glad or cheerful; being
active, nimble, saucy ; name of a city near
Sejistan (better fardhah) ; — farih, Brisk,
active ; saucy, petulant.

V fira, Much ; more ; increase ; prece-
dency, priority ; good-tempered, cheerful ;
thoughtful, attentive ; high-minded; — firih,
Cause, reason;— farm, State, dignity, pomp,
grandeur, magnificence, power.

<*\*>ji farhdd, Name of a leader in the
army of Kawus ; also of the lover of Shirin,
who, to please his mistress, perforated a
huge mountain ; hence a cutter of stones,
a digger of mines.

Ji£ jUy farhad-kush, Destroyer of Far-
had.

•lys- olftji farhdd-jird, Name of a village
near Marv.

farhdnj, The circumference of the
mouth; the nightmare ; a gore, gusset; a
large branch lopped, that others may grow j
the bough of one tree tied to the bough of
another ; a vine-branch bent under ground,
so that the other extremity shoots up and
flourishes at a distance from the mother
trunk.

4iUy firihana, Gain in gambling, &c,

farhat, Decency, propriety, gravity ;
grandeur, pomp, state.

i*-aiAji farhakM, Propriety, decency, de-
corum.

y^afcAji farhakhtan, farhikhtan, To teach,
instruct, educate ; to draw a sword ; to
hang.

( 926 )

farhakhta, Instructed, well edu-
cated ; handsome, beautiful.

A farhad, furhud, A fresh, handsome
youth; a lion's cub ;— -furhud, Compact,
square-built, firm of body, corpulent ; soft
and succulent ; rough and haBty.

uf — *y farhast, Fasciuation, magic, con-
juring.

* u *^ i farahmand, farhmand, farhamand,
Intelligent, "wise ; near.

farhanj, = ii&AjJ q.v. ; name of a
plant otherwise called tfayt-S" q.v.

4 V>j i farhanja, One of polite and ele-
gant manners, of good temper and hand-
some person.

6>' ^ » farhanjtdan, To teach good
manner b, to instruct, to educate.

sj^j^i farhanjida, Instructed, well-
mannered.

•■sfU^ji farhang, Good-breeding ; great-
ness ; excellence ; gravity ; wisdom, science ;
jurisprudence; a dictionary, lexicon, voca-
bulary, glossary ; a vine-branch bent Under
ground, so that the other extremity shoots
up at a distance from the toother trunk ;
a subterraneous canal ; name of the mother
of Kai Kawus ; — farhang baetan (hardcm),
To compile a dictionary; — dahani farhang.
The orifice of a canal from which the water
flows to the ground. (See also barm-
farhang under ^>>y, p. 182.)

tVSoAji farhangakh. farihang&kh, Inside,
middle.

farhang-dar, A magistrate, judge.

jUXtty farkangsdr, Obliteration, erase-
ment; transformation, change of shape,
transmigration.

^J***/ farhangl, A preceptor, tutor,
teacher, instructor ; a man learned in the
law.

t^^/farhangiyan, Preceptors, teachers.

a furhud, A young mountain-goat ;
compact, &c. (= J^/ q.v.) ; name of a
tribal branch of Najd, to which the pro-
sodist Kb alii bin Ahmad belonged.

o'Vj* furhudi, One steadfast in religion.

***"J*.r* farhomand, Virtuous and en-
lightened.

<j*>* farriM,farrahi, Possession of honour
and glory.

fc>*afc«Aji farheJthtan, tj^>a*/ farhixidan.
To teach politeness and good manners ; to
hang; to draw a sword.

^fari, Pleasing, good, agreeable ; well !
well done ! bravo ! (Said to be shortened
from &yl\ q,v.).

a <^j* fary (v.n.), Cleaving, splitting,
cutting (either to mend or to mar) ; feign-
ing, inventing a lie;— fard (v.n.), Being
astonished at, or admiring one's own per-
formance ;—fari', Great, wonderful (thing) ;
—fariy, fari, False, lying ; done or per-
formed by oneself,

°^r* fary&d, firyad, An exclamation, cry

for help or redress ; clamour ; lamentation,
complaint; — firyad bar-dwardan, To cry
out ; — firyddi chirdgk. The sound produced
by a burning candle ; — firyad (ba-firydd)
rasldan, To assist, succour ; — firyddi 'ar'ar
(sanaubar), The rustling of a juniper (or
fir-tree) in the wind ;— -firyddi gosh, A tin-
gling in the ear ; — firydd-u-figkdn kardan,
To cry out, to lament, complain ; — ddd-u-
firyad kardan, To call aloud for justice.
The word is also construed with the verbs
afgandan, bar - khastan, bastan, dashtan,
zadan, shudan, kardan, guahddan, &c.

y*- J^;* firyad-jv, One who seeks redress
or help.

e>V- °V firyad-Miwdn, firyad-
khwdh. Calling for redress ; a plaintiff.

u*> ^iji firyad-ras, An assistant, de-
fender.

ts~) firyad-rasi, Assistance, redress.
(slUoljy firyddndk. Noisy, clamorous.
,_5*iViji firyddi, A complainant, plaintiff,
tjk/ farydn (?), Name of a ting.
s-<>y firib, fir eb, fareb, or farib), Decep-
tion, fraud, duplicity, trick, deceit,
treachery, imposture, fallacy; anything by
which one is beguiled ; a talisman; amorous
playfulness, blandishment ; imp. of firibidan
and firiftan, (in comp.) deceiving ; — firib
khwurdan {didan), To be cheated, gulled ;
— firib dadan, To deceive, cheat, gull.
Wj* firibd, A deceiver.
yzA s-i/ firib-dmez, Mingled with deceit,
(jj^ s-iji firib-anddzi, Imposture.

s-i^i firib-angez, Cheating; a cheat,
j^t^r* fariburs, Name of the son of Kay
Kawus ; name of a certain woman.

jys- s-j/ 1 firib-khumr khwurda), A

gull, dupe.

iS))*- *-r~iji firib-khwurl, A being cheated.
s-4;i firlb-dihl, Deceit; cheating,
swindling, imposture.
jL. s-*ji firibsdz, An impostor, cheat.

firlb-idzl, The practice of deceit
or treachery, deceitf ulness, imposture.

<?ji firib-kdr, — 3^- <l- v -

sl&rtji firib-gdh, 4&s»y firlb-gah, A talis-
man ; anything to which a talisman is tied.
csJU^y firibndk, Deceitful, false.
^juLfjji firibandagl, Deceit, subtlety,
fraud.

jju^i firibanda, Fallacious.

^a^. SJu-j^i firibanda-chashme, One whose
eyes are deceiving or fascinating.
firibe, A cheat, impostor.

yj^^i firibidan, To deceive, or be de-
ceived.

x Siji firyat, A lie, a fiction (cf. h/ be-
low).

gjj* farlj, Galangale.

^Wi/ farijdb, Small rain ; dew.

■Hji farid, The middle bead of a neck-
lace ; name of the Antichrist (dajjdl) ; —
furid t A hunter ; congealed.

( 928 ) « j > » . t

pure, defiled, polluted ; carrion ; unclean-
ness, ordure.

©V fazzdn, Name of a son of Ham;
Fezzan in Western Africa.

tsV fi*&y. Augmenting, increasing (used
in composition) ; more, greater.

fizayista, More, greater.

ijS«i^i fizdyish, Tncrease, augmentation.

i-Uity fizdyanda, Augmenting.

a fazr (v.n.), Getting old and rotten
(a garment) ; rending (a garment) ; strik-
ing on the back with a stick ; having a
hump on the back or chest;—; par (fazr?),
A flock of sheep (from three to ten, or from
ten to forty) ; a tumour growing near the
pubes ; root, origin ; name of a man ; —
fazar (v.n.), Being hump-backed; — fizar,
FisBures, clefts.

A £)i faz', fk',faza' (v.n.), Fearing, flying
in terror; calling for help; taking refuge;
helping, assisting, succouring ;—fuz', Any-
thing dreadful, -whatever terrifies people, a
fright ; — faza', Fear, terror ; cry, lamenta-
tion; [jaza' ufaza', Complaint and lamen-
tation ; — yaumu faza'i 'l-akbar, The day of
judgment ;] — fazi\ Terrified, frightened,
afraid.

fiue&d (= 1-v.), Increase, addi-
tion, more.

(jjjjy* fuzudan, fizudan, To increase, mul-
tiply.

fazwara, A bar for fastening a

door.

cy>* fv,zun,ftzun, More, greater ; increase ;
multitude ; size. (See oj>^)

fuzund, Greatly, very much.

(_5*2)i fuzuni, Augmentation ; excellence,
greatness ; — fuzuni Icardan, To add.

*)i faza, Membrum virile ; — fizih, Ugly,
naBty, filthy ; conquering.

gyJiyi fuzidun, More, greater.

Ajyi faziz (v.n. of )l), Flowing, running
(blood from a -wound).

y fcuh, Dirt, nastinesB ; a lie ; a nasty,
sordid fellow ; flame ;—fuzh, The mane of
a horse.

<»>V$i fazhdh, fashakin, (^j* fazhd-

gln, Dirty, nasty ; squalid, loathsome.

ij^i fazhdara, A bar for fastening a
door.

fazhar, jji fazhazh, Galangale or sweet
cane (good for stomach complaints).

tejtyi fazhgharda, Moistened, wet, soft-
ened.

fazhgAand, A herb winding round
plants like ivy, and drying them up ; filthy,
nasty, dirty.

MJifcji fazhghanda, fazhgan,
fazhgand, i-i^Syi fazhganda, Impure, nasty,
filthy ; ugly.

f£ fazhm, Affliction, distress, indigence.

^.x^jji fizhulidan, To wither, or to cause
to wither ; to be scattered ; — fuzhiilidan, To
provoke, stimulate, or urge (to battle) ; to

importune, to dun ; to drive away ; to
shake dirt and dust from the skirts of
one's garments.

W fazha, A squalid, filthy, disgusting
fellow ; wards of a key ; —fizhih. Dirty,
nasty ; rugged, rough.

jiji fazhizh, Galangale.

V&j 1 fazheg&un, Name of a Persian
physician.

\— i faza, Name of a city in Persia whence
stuffs are brought ; (in comp.) fascinating ;
(for ui q.v.) a grape-stone.

a »^~» fusd', A breaking wind without
noise (in P. tus, q.v. p. 300).

a oL«i fas ad (v.n of 4~J), Being corrupted,
spoiled ; corruption, depravity, perverse-
ness ; malignity, iniquity, villainy, wicked-
ness ; violence; horror; mischief, mutiny,
sedition, rebellion ; war ; barrenness, scar-
city ;—farsadi khun, Bad state of the
blood, blood-poisoning; — ahli fasdd, A vil-
lain, criminal ;—bd'isi fitna u fasad, The
author (or exciter) of sedition and mis-
chief.

_ A «u^L.i fasdddt (pi. of fasad), Evils;
villainies ; wars ; diseased conditions.

a tjfii!<ii\ »iU-» fasdd-andesh, Of depraved
thoughts ; intent on wickedness.

a ty-tfiS Jl— J fasdd-dyin, Of bad principles.

a jtf «^ — i fasdd-Jcdr (jtf gar), A mischief-
maker.

a fasddl, Quarrelsome, mutinous.

jL~j fasdr, A headstall, bridle ; yawning,
gaping (this meaning doubtful).

c**^ — ' fisdfis, A murmur, a hum ; (for A.
faedfia, pi. of fisfis) bugs.

,»l~J fisam, A crane, bird.

(j^— i fasdn, History, story, fable ; a whet-
stone ;—fasdn Jcardan (kashidan), To sharpen;
— bar fasdn- k]iwurdan (nishastan), To be
sharpened, to become sharp ; — bar fasdn
zadan (kardan, kashidan), To sharpen, to
whet.

<uU-i fasdna, A story, fable; celebrated.

,v)AjiU.i fasdnidan, To rub, make true or
even ; to tame, charm, fascinate, enchant ;
to romance ; to observe.

aji^L^i fasdnida, Rubbed, made even ;
tamed, charmed, fascinated ; an enchanter,
magician.

^jl-J fasdy (in comp.) Fascinating ; a
charmer, fascinator ; a grape-stone (see
L.1 and \->i).

a J?L— * fasd'il (pi. of fatilat), Shoots or
suckers of palm-trees.

8juj>L-i jasayanda, A fascinator, charmer.

yjLoL-i fasdyidan, To fascinate, charm.

a u«U— i fust at, fistdt, A tent made of
goats' hair ; Cairo, the metropolis of Egypt.

yU—i fistdn, A loose gown, petticoat.

a i fustuq, fuetaq, A pistaciuo ; a
pine.

a ,_5&i!— > fustuqi, fistuqt, Of a pistachio or
sea-green.

( 929 )

a fash (v.n.), Making more room
for one in an assembly ; being spacious and
roomy ; granting a firman or passport ; a
passport ; width of step ; Easter, the Pass-
over ; — fu.sk, Large-chested (man) ; — fasak,
Width of step; — fusuk, Wide, spacious,
roomy,

a fttshat, Largeness, width, ampli*
tnde, room, space; liberty.

a i^)- ut~as — » fushat-saray, A spacious
palace.

a faskh (v.n.), Violating, dissolving
(a marriage), breaking (an agreement or
bargain) ; spoiling, corrupting, vitiating;
scattering; dislocating the hand; throwing
aside (one's clothes, &c.) ; forgetting the
Qur'an ; being ignorant ; transmigration
of a human soul into the body of a reptile ;
weak in mind and body, unable to manage •
one's affairs ; [faskh kardan, To break ;] —
fasakk (v.n.), Being spoiled.

fasar, Beauty, brightness, graceful-
ness.

kyl faar (v.n.), Explaining, interpret-
ing, or declaring, making clear; explana-
tion ; diagnosis of a disease by the urine.

OJ-MV*"* fusuranidan, To allow to become
thick and congealed. ,

si } — i fusurd, Jelly ; the chase (this un-
supported by examples).

(.s^ 3 /— 1 foBiirdagt, Congelation.

yj^J fnsurdan, fisurdan, To congeal,
concrete.

* fisurda, fusnrda, Congealed, frozen ;
cold-hearted ; the chase.

yL< sjyj fusurda-baydn. Anyone whose
conversation is destitute of force or mean-
ing, cold, and uninteresting ; an unimpres-
sive orator.

yU~> so ; —i fusurda-pistdn, A barren or
an old woman past bearing or giving suck.

a fusurda-lchatir, and —

Jj sjj—J fusurda-dil, Cold, hard-hearted.
ajj—J fusurda-shahr, (met.) The world.

tj—J jtsa/ra. Tremor from cold or fear.

a t.Ua_J fustdt, A tent made of goats'
hair ; a big tent ; a circuinvallation of
tents j any large collection of houses and
inhabitants, a city ; ancient Cairo, built by
'Atnr bin 'As.

jjila-J fastafi, Name of a musical instru-
ment.

_,l*k_J fastyar (G. Bucrn'opn), A commander
of 1,000 men.

A fasfds, faefas, Extremely

foolish ; a blunt sword ; name of a mal-
odorous plant.

fisfis, A whispering, a humming ;
a bug ; a wall-louse.

i-JUJ fasfasa, Trefoil, clover, Burgundian
hay.

A fisq (v.n.), Slipping out of its
husk (a ripe date) ; disobeying orders (a
slave) ; slighting the commands of God ;

deviating from the way of truth and right-
eousness ; disobedience, rebellion; vicious
or immoral conduct; prevarication; impu-
dence, obscenity, debauchery, adultery;
[fisq u fnjur. Sin and iniquity, vice and
immorality, &c. ;] — faeigr, A scoundrel,
transgressor, law-breaker ; — fusaq, Very
wicked, ever bent on villainy.

a 4s — i fasaqa (pi. of fdsiq), Wicked
(men) ; adulterers ; — fasiqa (fern, of fasiq),
An adulteress.

a J£~J fislcil, (A man) of the worst
kind ; lazy, worthless ;—fiskil, fuskul, The
Jast horse in a race. ,

a J— i fast (v.n.), Weaning (a child) ; a
worthless man ; a vine-tendril or slip fit
for planting ; — fisl, A fool.

fasla, A herd of horses ; — fisla, A
narrative, history ; a similitude.

(jj^-i fasliyun (G. ♦vXAioi'), The herb
flea-bane.

fasan, A whetstone,
a fasw (v.n.), Breaking wind without
noise.

y^j-J fusajan, A food eaten in Gilan.
jj—i fas ud, Who aspires to great things,
to high dignities, ambitious.

a fusiid (v.n. of ±S), Being cor-
rupted, spoiled, marred.

u-j — J

fasils, Ephesus.

y-^wJ fisos, Seduction or straying from
the way of safety ; reproach, blame, sar-
casm, gibe, joke, jest, raillery, ridicule ;
play, sport, wit, humour; vexation, sorrow,
regret, grief ; ah ! alas ! (see u»y— —
fisos kardan, To rail at, ridicule, banter.

^\S~.f~* fisos-kdri, Chequered, inlaid
work.

qJlj-,^— i fisos'tdan, To sigh after, grieve
for; to joke, jeer; to seduce, lead, or go
astray.

a i fusuq (v.n. of (J— •*), Going out ;
deviating, swerving from the commands of
God; being wicked, adulterous; immorality,
Ac. (see 0S~j).

^-.i ftisun. Incantation, fascination ;
fraud, deceit ; — -fasdria u fusuth, Fables and
enchantments. (See i$y>>\ .)

Ind, An enchanter, fascinator.
^foyi fusfmgari, Fascination.
yAjiU^—i faslbdntdan, y*we — ' fa&ibidan,
To lead a horse (unsupported and doubtful).

a £s— i j'asih, Ample, large, capacious,
spacious, roomy.

a fasikh, Weak in mind and body ;
unable to manage one's own business.
a — » fasld, Corrupted, vicious.

a » fasis, Weak in mind and body.

a tu— i fasit, Naif-parings ; a date-stalk.
J^—> fusil, Fossils (m.c. from Fr. or E.),
a i fasll (pi. of fasilat), Palm-shoota.
a iL— i fasila, A herd, flock, bevy ; a
branch.

<JJ fash, Scattered ; the noise made in

( 930 )

untying garments ; the parts about the
mouth (especially of a horse) ; the end of
a turban-sash, to the length of a few
inches, hanging down the back or side ; a
horse's forelocks; (sometimes used for
•wash) a particle of similitude, as : mdh-fash,
Like the moon -,—fueh, Mane or tail of a
horse ; end or tail of anything.

a (jSJ faehsh, Squeezing (the air) out of
a bag or bladder ; escape of air ; subsiding
of a tumour ; milking expeditiously (a
camel); belching; detraction, slander,
cavil ; foolish ; the fruit of an African
carob-tree ; places where water collects ; a
coarse cloak of loose texture; — fushsh,
Name of a man.

a. fashd', Breed or increase of cattle.

a cUi fashah, A hyena.

X&i fashar, fishdr, A scattering; dif-
fusion ; compression, constriction, squeez-
ing ; the piercing of one thing with another ;
— fishdr hfiipurdan, To be squeezed; — fishdr
dddan, ba-ham fishdr dddan, To press upon
one another, to be jammed together.

a jUj fuehar (Jashdr?), A word used by
the vulgar in the sense of hazaydn, Vain,
idle talk or gibberish.

QjjU-i fishdrdan, To press, squeeze,
wring ; to pierce or thrust one thing into
another.

Jit^i fishdrish, A squeezing, pressure.

g^AJ fishd', The white or black vine.

a £Uj fishagk, Laziness, slowness ; —
fiithdgi, A patch on a leathern bottle ; —
fushagi, fushshdgfe, A species of creeper
■which twines about trees and dries them up.

J),\i\^i fashdfdsh, yfciUJ fashdfash, The
whizzing of arrows.

fashan, A mace of iron, silver, or
gold ; — fishdn, (in comp.) Scattering, strew-
ing, shedding ; a strewer ; — chashm-ash
taiydla-fighdn, Her (or his) eyes shedding
a torrent of tears.

yjjlij fithandan, To scatter ; to venti-
late.

sjilii fishdnda, Scattered, strewed; shed,
split; Bpread; diffused.

fishdnl, (in comp.) A scattering,
stTewing, &c.

a fashj (v.n.), Straddling in running
or when about to stale (a horse).

a fashh (v.n.), Spreading open the
legs ; turning away from.

a ££i ftbshjeh (v.n.), Striking the head
or back of the neck with the hand; in-
juring, using violence; telling lies at play.

(j^yfei fashurdan, To squeeze, press,
wring ; to plant the foot firmly.

f-vi sjjAi fashurda-qadam, Steady ; reso-
lute.

lb— fishshist, The hissing of a snake.

a ££.S fashgh (v.n.), Rising above, over-
topping, and covering ; striking (with a
whip), bringing one under the whip.

A (>&i fashq (v.n.), Giving themselves up
to play and pastime by reason of the abun-
dance of worldly possessions (people); a
breaking ; eating hastily and greedily ; —
fashaq, Cheerfulness, sprightliness ; greed;
speed, haste, flight ; width between the
horns; also between the front and back
part of a camel's dug, or, according to
others, of the windpipe.

<aXil fiehak, A parasol.

A fa-shl, Weak ; slow, cowardly
fishl, The hood or the seat of a camel Jitter ;
—fashal (v.n.), Being cowardly, timid, dull,
slow ; — fashd, Timid, cowardly ; languid,
torpid, dull, slow.

A t>Ai fushn, Name of a village in Egypt.

t csC--i-i fishang, A cartridge ; — fishangi
fihl, Metallic cartridge, cartouche (m.c).

t fishang-sdzi. Manufactory

of cartridges (m.c).

a fashw, fushuw (v.n.), Being di-
vulged, published (news) ; being diffused
(odour).

A JbyiJ fash-ash, (A camel) scattering, or
spilling milk whilst being milked ; a rough
coarse cloak of a loose texture ; a man
boasting in some trifling matter.

) i/** fush-U'dum-siydh, Black of
mane and tail.

a Jj*ti fushul (pi. of fishl), Hoods, or
seats of camel-litters.

y^Ai fashidan, fishidan, To urge to
run ; to lead a horse by the bridle.

A (joi fan (v.n.), Separating, pulling
(one thing from another) ; making a whiz-
zing noise (locust) ; weeping slightly ; elo-
quence ; — fass, fiss,fms, The seal, bezel, or
precious stone of a ring ; pupil of the eye ;
joint of bones, articulation ; decision of a
matter ; the seed of the bdellium tree.

A ^ fa?a, A grape-stone.

A is-V-i fasahat (v.n. of £-=*), Employing
elegant, perspicuous language ; eloquence.

• fasdhat-parddz, Eloquent.

a fisdd (v.n. of *>-<J), Breathing a
vein, bleeding ; venesection, phlebotomy ; —
fassdd, A bleeder, phlebotomist, surgeon.
a fisddat, Bleeding, venesection.
a (^A^ fassadi, Surgery, phlebotomy.
A fassds, A maker of ring-bezels ;
one who cuts or sets the precious stone in
the collet ; name of a man.

a JUi fisdl (v.n. of J**), Weaning (a
colt) ; (pi. of fasll) children or young ani-
mals weaned from their mothers, wean-
lings ; low breast-works on the outside of
fortified places.

a £-> fash (v.n.), Bursting forth and
overwhelming one (the light of the morn-
ing) ; using elegant and perspicuous lan-
guage ; being eloquent ; eloquence, rheto-
rical accomplishments ; eloquent, clear (man
or speech) ;—fi?h, A day without cloud, or
cold, Easter, Passover ; — fusuh (pi. of

( 931 )

fash, faslh), Eloquent men, orators, great
speakers.

a fusaha' (pi. of faslh), Eloquent
men.

a. f?i fasih (v.n.), Neglecting, taking no
heed ; suffering loss, being taken in ; dis-
locating (a Band).

a. Xai fasd (v.n,), Bleeding, opening a
vein ; assigning for a fief, or a present ;
phlebotomy, venesection, surgery.

A. 5** fas' (v.n.), Pressing (a fresh date,
so that it slips out of the skin) ; rubbing
anything with the fingers to make it soft ;
taking off the turban ; drawing back the
foreskin over the gland (uncircumeised
youth).

A &Ui fus'at, fus'a, The foreskin drawn
back.

a J-ifasl (v.n.), Cutting, dissecting, dis-
joining, separating, dividing, interrupting,
interposing, intervening ; weaning ; cutting
off one or more syllables at the end of a
verse (in the middle this license is not
allowed) ; a section, article, chapter or
other division of a book ; a division be-
tween two provinces ; a separation ; any-
thing intervenient, interposing, or uniting;
the juncture or joint of bones ; the personal
pronoun used as copula between subject
and predicate; time, season, juncture ; any
one of the four seasons ; harvest, crop ; —
faslii 'l-fchitab. The phrase amma ba'd, q.v.
under J*) p. 191 ; the legal maxim " clear
proof (is incumbent) upon the claimant,
the oath upon the denier of the claim;"
any brilliant or pithy saying, which distin-
guishes between truth and falsehood;—
fasli bahar, The spring season ; the vernal
equinox ; — fasli iukhm-rm,, Sowing season,
Beed-time ; — fasli Idiarlf, The latter end of
the year; — fasli kitasilmaf kardan, To de-
cide a lawsuit; — fasli rabi', The first har-
vest of the year ; — fasli gul, The season of
flowers, spring ; — fasli mihrjan, Autumnal
equinox ; — chahdr fasl, The four seasons ;
— yaumu 'l-fasl, The day of decision or
of the separation between the good and
wicked, the day of resurrection.

a fusldn, fislan (pi. of fasti), Wean-
lings, &c.

a (UJUi faslana, A fee received by the
Qazi on the harvest.

a (_5^ fasli, A fasla, time, season.

a _,U=, jLoJ fasli-lulchar, Fever caused by
change of season.

a JL. ulul fasU-sal, The revenue or har-
vest year.

a (jUl fasti-mewa, The fruits of the
season,

A fasm (v.n.), Breaking, bruising
(without separation) ; being demolished (a
house).

yfj** fusus (pi. of /ass), Stones set in
rings ; bezels, seals ; fish-scales.

a Jy** fusul (v.n. of J**), Departing,
going out ; coming out small (the stone of
the grape) ; (pi. of fasl), sections ; seasons
of the year.

a p-s-i faslh, Eloquent, rhetorical (roan
or discourse) ; correct, accurate (expres-
sion) ; lucid (speech) ; frothless or skimmed
(milk).

a <_5**-»> fasihi, Eloquence.

A fasld, Bled in a vein,

a (jo** 1 f cms (v.n. of <$**), Being puru-
lent, running (a wound) ; (=<j*>' q.v.) ; oily
(date-stone or kernel).

J*-*/asiZ (G. ^aa-fjXos), A kind of French
bean.

A J** 1 fasli (pi. cjH*J fusldn, fislan,
and JUi fisdl), A child or young animal
weaned from the mother, a weanling; a
breast-work inside a fortification; an en-
trenchment, wall, rampart.

A £Jft"s* fasilat, A young she-camel ; a
family ; kindred, the nearest relations ; all,
the totality of,

a yii fazz (v.n.), Tearing asunder, break-
ing so as to separate ; breaking the seal of
a letter ; a scattered multitude.

a oUi fazd' (v.n. of yti), Being roomy
and spacious (a place) ; not putting (one's
money) into a purse ; a plain, field, or open
place ; a court, area (of a house) ; name of
a place ne:.^ Madinah ;—fizd', Water over-
flowing ground.

a tUl fizah, £«»UJ fazdhat, Disgrace, igno-
miny, infamy.

a fizdz, Scattered fragments of rock
torn from a mountain, lying one upon
another ; — fizdz, fuzaz, A fragment flying
off from anything broken.

a fizdzat, Fracture ; a small frag-
ment of anything.

a J^* fizdl (v.n. 3 of J^i), Contending
about excellence ; an every-day garment
(or garments) ; wine (or wines) ;~fuzzdl,
A most excellent, highly deserving man.

a &U1 fuzdlat, fuz&la, A remainder, re-
dundancy, exuberance ; filth, nastiness ;
(in the parlance of sodomites) niembrum
virile ; — fuzdla'i khwdn, Remains of an en-
tertainment, scraps after a meal.

a^t^u^i^i fuzdlat-chin, Apruner of trees.

a fazd'ih (pi. oifazihat), Disgraceful
acts.

a J»t4l fazd'il (pi. of fattllat), Virtues,
excellencies; sciences; literary attainments ;
excesses.

a »U> Jf^i fazd'il-pandh, A place of re-
fuge for every excellence.

a jW> JfUi fazd'il-sM'dr, (having excel-
lencies for an inner garment) Endowed
with virtues ;~~-fazd'il-8h.i'dri haqd'iq-disdr,
One endowed with virtues and conspicuous
for learning (judge),

a &i> fazzat, fizzat, Gravelly ground high
and burnt 4 ,—fi??at, fizza, Silver.

( 932 )

a gii fazh. (v.n.), Detecting villainies and
exposing them to infamy ;—~fazah (v.n.),
Being of a whitish colour ; ruddy (dawn) ;
redness in the white of the eye.

a £ii fazkh (v.n.), Breaking (the head,
or anything hollow) ; tearing out an eye ;
pouring out (water).

A (jAAi fazaz, Water scattered about
during ablutions ; — fazaz, fuzu?, A frag-
ment flying off from anything broken, a
part separated, torn, or scattered; — fizaz
(pi. of fazzat, fizzaf). Gravelly lands high
and burnt.

A fazfaz, Large (coat of mail) ;

convenient, easy (life).

A J-4> fazl (v.d,), Remaining over and
above, exceeding, being redundant ; excel-
ling ; redundancy, excess ; a remnant, re-
mainder; excellence, virtue, accomplish-
ment ; learning, wisdom, science ; a gift,
present, favour, grace, bounty ; name of a
mountain; also of several noted persons;
[fazli ildht, The grace of God ; by the
grace of God ! thank God ! , God be praised !
— fazli maulct, The grace of the Lord (be
with you) ! — ahli fazl it ma'rifat, Endowed
with virtue and learning ;] — fuzul, (A man
or woman) clad in a sleeveless garment (for
working purposes), or in the same garment
every day ; an every-day garment.

A "iUi fazUan, The more, much less.

a cXiifuzala' (pi. of fdzil), Learned men ;
accomplished persons.

A u^AAi fazaldt (pi. of fazlaf), Leavings,
orts.

Slii fazlat, fazla, A remainder, abund-
ance, redundancy; leavings, refuse, orts;
excrement ; an every-day or a sleeping gar-
ment ; membrum virile ; wine.

a jJ,*s- aW fazla-jehwar, An eater of
leavings.

a fazla-zar, A place abounding in

dirt, filth, &c.'

<t fazli, Learning, science ; — fuzld

(fein. of afzal). More excellent, &c.

a ty** fvzuk, Disgrace, ignominy.

a iyii fazulch, Strong, intoxicating wine.

a Jyii fazul, Exuberant, excessive, re-
dundant, disproportioned (about the head) ;
busy, meddling, officious, impertinent ; a
bore ; — fuzul, in P. also fazill, Violence, ex-
cess; a busy, meddling spirit ; impertinent
interference ; — fuzul {fazul) Jeardan, To
commit an excess.

a JjA* fazul-fcharch, Lavish, profuse.

a Jj^* fazul-kkarchi, Excess of ex-
penditure; extravagance, prodigality, waste,
dissipation.

a jS J^-Ai fazul-go (gu), A great talker;
a boaster, egotist ; a back-biter.

a ^Jf^i faziili, fuzuli, Redundance, extra-
vagance ; independence; proud, haughty,
presuming ; an idle talker ; one who busies
himself in things not concerning him, or

acts without authority ; a busy-body, med-
dler, impertinent fellow.

a £*» JjAl fuzuli-bai', The sale of
another's property without his consent.

a yxJj-4> fuzfiUdan, To be meddling, an
idle talker, &c.

a fizza. Silver (see A. &*i).
A ^j** fizzi, Made of silver, silver, silvery.
A fazih, fem. 4*s~ai fazlhai, fazlha,
A bad manager (of an estate) ; one who
improperly employs (wealth) ; ignominious,
infamous, disgraceful ; — afali faziha, Dis-
honourable or disgraceful actions.

a fazlhat, Disgrace, ignominy; a

disgraceful thing ; vice, stigma, excess ;
exposure ; abusing, quarrelling, wrangling ;
— fazikat Jeardan, To disgrace ; to defame ;
to commit a disgraceful action.

a lvJ ***A» fazihati, Disgraceful, infamous.
a faztkh, The expressed juice of
grapes ; wine made from unripe dates with-
out fermentation ; watery (milk).

a \J^i fazlz, Fresh or flowing water ;
water scattered about during ablution ;
bud of a palm-tree yet unexpanded ; any-
thing scattered.

a J~*i faz'tl, Excellent, eminent, ad-
mirable ; — fuzail, Name of a celebrated
saint.

& fazilat, Excess ; excellence, emi-

nence, virtue, perfection ; science, learning,
ingenuity; high degree, dignity; reward,
benefit ; — fazilat nihddan bar, To give the
preference to one over another.

a s->^~-^ ^lyii fazUat-intisab, Allied to
excellence; excellent, highly distinguished.
A jUj futdr, Notched, blunt (sword).
a f&i fitam, Weaning, ablactation.
a fatdnai, AjiUai fatdniyat (v.n. of
i^i), Understanding, perceiving; intelli-
gence, intellect ; wisdom, discernment,
shrewdness ; skill, cleverness.

a. <sJ~>» ut-JUai fattinat-pesha, Intelligent,
gifted with understanding.

a fath (v.n.), Widening, making
broad; striking with a stick or bludgeon;
casting, dropping (a fcetus) ; impregnating
(a palm-tree) ; — faffih (v.n.), Being im-
pregnated with the pollen of the male
(female palm-tree) ; largeness of the head
or tail ; breadth of the tip of the nose.

a ytj fat? (v.n.), Commencing, broaching,
beginning ; creating, producing anything
the like of which has not been in existence ;
breaking the fast; splitting, cleaving; a
fissure ;—fitr, He or those who breakfast ;
breakfast ; (for 'Idu 'l-Jitr q.v. under J***)
the festival of breaking the fast ; — fi.tr, futr,
A grape when the heads appear ;~futr,
The kneading of flour;— futr, futur, A
deadly kind of mushroom ; unfermented ;
the froth of new milk.

y»» fatrd, Seed, grain ; (for q.v. p.
191) a rock, a stone, a mountain.

( 933 )

a <j)M)U.tjU fvirasdliyun, Bock-parsley ;
according to others parsley-seed ; also a
kind of mushroom. (See t^Uy* p, 191.)

a 5jti fitrat, fitra, Nature, creation, form
(which an embryo takes in the womb) ;
idiosyncrasy ; tendency ; wisdom, sagacity ;
deceit, trick ; religion ; the power of the
Creator; alms given on the festival of fitr ;
the host or holy wafer; — haland-fitrat, High-
minded (opp. to j q.v., p. 250).

^ cujiai fitrat-b&z, ^jki fitratl, Saga-
cious, shrewd ; artful, designing, crafty.

a fitrlyat. Alms given on the break-

ing of fast.

A fH B (T-n.), Flattening, making
wide (iron) ; speaking to one's face ; myrtle-
berries ; undressed hides ; glass-pearls
used as a magic spell ; — fatas (v.n.), Being
flat-nosed.

a ila-i fatsat, faUa, A myrtle-berry ; an
undressed hide (of an animal which has
died a natural death) ; a glass-bead or any-
thing similar used as a magic spell.

A fl°* falm (v.n.), Weaning; cutting off ;
restraining ;— ; futum (pi. of fatim). Wean-
lings.

a i^ai fafn, fitn, futn, fatan, futun (v.n),
Understanding, perceiving, comprehending ;
sagacity, sharpness of intellect ; — fatin,
fatun, fafn, Wise, intelligent, sagacious.

a iji* fitnat (v.n. of y^), Perceiving,
knowing; intelligence, shrewdness ;—fati-
nat (v.n. of ^), knowing, uaderstanding ;
sagacity, wisdom ; (fern, of fatin) intelli-
gent, clear-sighted (woman).

a £i fatn:, A driving violently.

a c* 5 "* faffik, Large-bellied (she-camel).

a fatur, faturly, faturi, Any-

thing on which one breakfasts ; breakfast ;
—futur (v.n. of jU), Splitting; cutting
(teeth) ; (pi. oifa.tr) fissures.

a futHs (v.n. of v^ 4 ), Dying.

a fatunat, = q.v.

a j^i fa fir, Unleavened dough ; any-
thing precipitately done ; meat hastily
dressed ; fresh (dates, butter, milk).

a yS]^ fafjri. Unleavened ; unleavened
bread.

a |^>-«U fiftis, l^rge smiths' hammer, a
sledge-hammer.

a fatlm, Weaned, a weanling.

a faf.ln, = fatin, q.v.

a !t» fazz (v.n.), Forcing water out of the
stomach of a. camel and drinking it ; water
in the ventricle of an animal ; harsh,
morose, inhuman.

a ikUoi fazdzat (v.n. of W), Being in-
human, villainous ; roughness, harshness,
inhumanity ; — fnzdzat, A portion of any-
thing, or of that which is in the loins of a
man.

a fazd'at {v.n. of £>*), Being dis-
agreeable, shameful, exceeding bounds in
turpitude.

a Uti fazaz, Boughness, inhumanity!
harshness of speech.

a gti faza' (v.n.), Considering (a thing)
to be arduous, troublesome, and bevond
one's power; being unequal to a task;
being full (a vessel).

a K^i/aru, Inhuman, villainous; sperm.

a jJii/azi', Base, shameful (affair); im-
portant ; difficult, troublesome ; sweet water.

a JUi fa'al (v.n. of J»i), Acting, doing;
nobility ; generosity ; any deed (good or
bad performed by one agent) ; — fa'al, fi'al,
The handle of an axe ; — fi'al (pi- of fi'l),
Acts, deeds (good or bad performed by
several agents), works; [_m'i fi'al, Bad
works ;] — fa"dl, A doer ; an agent.

a J«i/a'J (v.n.), Acting; doing, making,
performing; pretending;— fi'l. An action,
work, deed, operation; pretence, sham,
pretext ; coition ; a shameful deed, forni-
cation, adultery, sodomy ; the matrix of a
woman or any animal; (in grammar) a
verb ; [fi'li ajwaf, A hollow verb, i.e. infirm
in its second radical ; — fi'li amr, A verb in
the imperative mood -—fi'li asamm, A surd
verb (one whose second and third conso-
nants are alike) ;—fi'U tdmm,A complete or
attributive verb ; — fi'li suldsi, A triliteral
verb ; — fi'li suldgl mazid fi-hi, An increased
triliteral verb ; — fi'li thumdsi, A quinq ue-
literal verb ; — fi'li ruhd'i, A quadriliteral
verb ;~fi'li ruhd'i mazid fi-hi, An increased
quadriliteral verb ; — fi'li 8dl s m (saliih), A
sound verb ;~-_/Hi shorn' a, An evil deed;
prostitution ; — fi'li zamini. Security for
good conduct ; — fi'li 'abas, Lost labour ; an
absurd undertaking ;■— fi'li gltair-ealim, An
infirm or defective verb (containing one of
the so-called weak letters \ , j, <j; — fi'li
gitfxi* qiydst, An irregular verb ; — fi'li
yhair muta'addi, fi'li Idzim (Idsimi), An
intransitive verb ;— fi'li qiydsi, A regular
verb ; — fi'l kardan, To perform an action ;
to labour ;~~fi'li lafif, A verb infirm in
two radicals; — fi'li mdzi, A verb in
the preterite ; — fi'li muta'addi, A transitive
verb ; — fi'li misdl, A verb infirm in its first
radical ; — fi'li mujarrad, A simple or primi-
tive verb ; — fi'li majhdl, A passive verb ; —
fi'li maeld (mazid fi-hi), An increased or
derivative verb ; — fi'li muzdri', A verb in
the aorist ;— fi'li muzd'af, A reduplicated
verb (a verb whose second and third letters
are alike, as nail for zalal, or one whose
first radical is repeated between two such
equal letters, whereby zalal becomes zahal) ;
— fi'li mu'tall, An infirm or weak verb ;~fi'li
mu'tallu 'l-'ain, A verb infirm in its second
radical (= fi'li ajwaf above) ;~fi'li mu'tal-
lu 'l-'ain wa 'Lldm, A verb infirm in its
second and third radicals (see lafifi maqrun
under <-A-4S) ; — fi'li mu'tallu A verb

infirm in its first radical (= fi'li misdl
above) ; — fi'li mu'tallu 'l-fd wa 'l-ldm, A

^JU ( 935

eyes (a whelp) •, blossoming (a plant) ;
striking on the anus.

A faqhat, faqha, The orifice of the
anus.

a aw faqd (v.n.), Being deprived of,
losing, missing; loss, deprivation; name
of a plant ; according to some cinquefoil,
and seed of cinquefoil ; a kind of drink
made of grapes, honey, or dodder.

a ^ASi fiqdan, fuqddn (v.n. of •»&),
Losing, missing, being deprived of ; de-
privation, loss, want.

a yti faqr (v.n.), Piercing, perforating,
boring (beads for threading) ; making an
incision in a camel's nose and inserting a
ring, to which the reins are fastened ; dig-
ging, excavating ; breaking the vertebra* of
the back; being poor; poverty, want, need ;
the practice or vocation of a faqir ; a life of
poverty with resignation and content ; as-
ceticism, ascetic mortification ; anxiety,
care, grief ; [faqr u fdqa, Poverty and pri-
vation ; — al-faqru fakhri, Poverty is my
pride! (a saying of .Muhammad);] — fitqr,
Poverty ; a side ;~faqir, One who has the
vertebras of the back broken ; — fiqar (pi. of
fiqrat), Vertebral of the back;— fuqar (pi.
of fuqr), Sides ; — fuqur (pi. of faqir),
Ditches.

A AjSi fuqar a' (pi. of faqir), The poor,
the common people ; faqirs, religious men-
dicants ; in modern P. also used as a sin-
gular.

a 8yw fiqrat, faqrat, A vertebra ; a neck-
lace jointedjlike vertebrae ; the finest verse
in a poem ; a choice phrase, a fine sentence,
a well-rounded period ; the rhymed cadence
of an Arabic oration -—-fiqrat, A mark, a
sign, a target ; — fuqrat, Propinquity ; a
pit, ditch.

a ijii fiqra-bdts, Eloquent, glib-tongued,
plausible, artful ; an artful fellow, a knave.

a ^aa> hjii fiqra-bandi, Arrangement,
order; composition ; eloquence.

a yi-Si faqsh, The breaking (of an egg)
with the hand.

a ij&i faqs (v.n.), Breaking (an egg).

a loai faqat, Only, solely, merely, simply.

a £»* /»(/ (v.n,), Expiring from heat ;
stealing ; breaking wind ; being very yel-
low ; moving, growing (a lad) ; — faq', Jiq',
A white soft mushroom ; — fuq' (pi. of afqa'},
(Things) intensely white ; — faqa' (v.n.),
Being red.

a £&*faqa', A fungus ; — fuqa', Beer, ale ;
—fuqa 1 gushiidatijTo boast, brag; to belch.

a <j~*ai faq'as, Name of the father of a
tribe of the Banu Asad.

a fcjlSjwi fwja'gCm, Pride, boasting, vain-
glory.

a faqm (v.n.), Having the upper
front teeth overhanging the lower ; lying
with ; taking by the jaw or by the tip of the
nose ;—faqm, fuqm, The jaw, the tip of (a

) <S*»

dog's) nose ; [ma baina 'l-faqmain, The
tongue ;]— faqm,faqam (v.n.), Being weighty
and not going on smoothly (business) ; —
faqim, Intelligent, and more than a match
for one's adversaries ;—fuqum, The mouth.

a jU faqw (v.n.), Tracking, following
another's steps; — fuqu' (v.n. of *Vai), Be-
spattering the plant buhmd with mud, bo
that cattle refuse to eat it (a shower or a
torrent).

a u-ytf fuqus (v.n. of y-^), Dying; kill-
ing (an animal) ; preventing, restraining ;
dragging down by the hair; breaking or
spoiling her eggs (a hen-bird) ;—faqqu8,
A Syrian melon.

a ifj&i faqqiis, A small unripe Egyptian
melon.

a &£i faqh, (v.n.), Conquering, beating in
a contest respecting law and divinity; —

fiqh (v.n.), Knowing, understanding (law
and divinity) ; knowledge, especially of
religion and jurisprudence; theology;
[fighti 's-siydsat, Science of politics;] —

faqih, Learned in law ; — faquh, Deeply
versed in theology and jurisprudence.

a fuqahd' (pi. of faqih), Doctors
of law and divinity; jurisconsults; theo-
logians.

A jsiii faqir, Possessed of one day's suffi-
ciency for self and family (the entirely
destitute being called miekin), disabled by
disease and without a handicraft (miekin
being used for an artisan who cannot earn
a living) ; needy (miskin denoting one
needy in the highest degree) ; a religious
order of mendicants, an itinerant monk,
a dervish ; meek, subdued, tame (applied
to animals, m.c.) ; broken in the back ; a
channel or watercourse, ditcher prepared
for watering palm-trees.

a y\jsii faqir an (pi. of the preceding),
Paupers, &c. ; land bestowed upon Muham-
niadan faqirs or mendicants as a provi-
sion,

a i^^m faqirana, Poorly, in the manner
of a poor man, after the fashion of a pauper
or mendicant ; land, &c, appropriated to
the support of faqirs.

a ijs&i faqir a,. A poor woman.

a faqir-dosi, Friendly to the

poor or to dervishes ; beloved by the
faqirs.

a (j;*** faqiri, Poverty ; the life of a
dervish or devotee.

a ya-si faqis, Broken (egg) ; a kind of
farming implement.

a j**ai fuqaim, Name of a section of the
Banu Kinanah.

a &*ai faqih, ' A Muhammadan lawyer,
theologian (in Spanish, with the article
alfaqui) ; a preceptor, pedagogue, school-
master ; expert (stallion).

a faqihat, fayika (fem. of the pre-

<s\i ( 938 ) Wj

ceding), A woman learned in law and divi-
nity.

fuk, A seal, a walrus (m.c. from
Fl". phoqve).

a <a\i fakk, in P. also fak, (v.n.), Un-
loosing, disjoining; releasing a prisoner;
manumitting a slave; redeeming a pawn
or pledge ; putting (medicine) in a child's
mouth ; being aged, decrepit ; opening the
hand and showing what is in it ; a jaw ;
— fakki as/al, The lower jaw; — fakki a'la,
The uppur jaw;— /ait rahn kardan, To re-
deem a pledge.

a d\£l'f a k&k, fikdk (v.n. of «!*), Manu-
mitting (a slave or servant) ; being set
free (the same) ; that wherewith a pawn or
pledge is redeemed.

A*M£i fakdhat (v.n. of Being
cheerful, joyous, jocose, festive, sociable,
sprightly ; admiring, being filled with as-
tonishment ; — fukdhat, A jest ; joyousness,
cheerfulness.

a *£i fakkat (v.u. of u^J), Being re-
laxed or disjointed ; 'being foolish and
weak; languor; folly, stupidity; name of
a constellation, by Arab children called
qas'atu 'l-masdkin, "the beggar's dish."

a ;£» fikr, fakr, in P. also fakur (v.n. of
Thinking ; thought, reflection, consi-
deration ; deliberation, counsel, advice ;
sentiment; care, solicitude, anxiety; con-
strued with the verba ddshlan, farmudan,
kardan, Ac. ; [fikri in u ana, A thought of
this and that ;] — fikr [fakr?), Need, neces-
sity.

a fikrat, fikrd, Thought.

a -k^jii fikrmand, Thoughtful ; sorrowful.

a ^Ju^jii fikrmandi, Thoughtfulness ;
anxiety ; sorrow.

a ^jti fikri, Of thought, thoughtful ;
pensive ; anxious, sorrowful.

fakz,fakaz, A hole to let out smoke,
a louvre- window, a chimney.

a fak 1, (v.n.), Looking to the ground
from grief or rage ; going to no one knows
where.

a fakak (v.n. of Being dis-

jointed, dislocated, relaxed ; being slip-
shouldered (a man) ; being broken (the
jaw).

y& fikan, (in comp.) One who throws
away.

a k£i fuknat, Repentance, regret for the
past.

fikandan, To throw, cast, spread.

^Jjj.ii fikandanl, A carpet, or any similar
thing that may be spread.

j_ istSii fikanda-sar, (hanging the head)
Contemplative ; ashamed, confounded,
abashed.

HAiSJ fikanda-surln, Sitting four-
square.

a Jjii faqu', v.n. of, and — gii q.v.

a fnkuk, y.n. of, and = »»U q^.v.

a ixi fuhah (v.n.), Being cheerful, joyous,
merry ; being surprised, astonished (see
; — fakih, Jovial, gay, blithe, merry,
boisterous ; one who takes pleasure in
speaking ill of the absent ; an eater of fruit
(fdkihat).

fika, fikka, A beggar, a (religious)
mendicant ; the bowl of a beggar or men-
dicant ; — fuka, One who spreads the table
and tastes the food.

a fikklr, Very thoughtful.

a <J>*Zi fakaif, Why then ? how much
morel' so much the more (or less) ; the
stronger the argument is.

j&i figar, J^i figdl, Soreness of back of
a beast of burden ; lame, crippled, wounded,
galled; afflicted, confused, distracted;—
figar kardan, To wound ; — dil-figar, Heart-
afflicting.

<jj£i figdri, (in comp.) Wounding; af-
flicting ; affliction.

A*&i fagdma, fagdna, figdna, An

abortion, a castling.

(jjl&i figandan, To throw away or lay
aside (see p, 84) .

Ji ful, A species of water-lily ; also its
root ; the wood of the quince-tree.

A J* fall (v.n.), Breaking, notching (a
sword) ; putting to flight, routing ; a crack
or notch on a sword-blade; put to flight
(a person or people) ; — fill, Bare, barren
ground ; thin hair ;— ful (for fuldn), Such a
one, &c. (see yii) -—full, Ground wet with
rain, and yet producing nothing ; land not
rained upon for several years ; — full, fill,
Ground without rain and without produce,
a desert.

a falsi. An extensive desert without
water or herbage.

faldt, The warp of a web.
filata, fulata, A species of sweet
cake made with sheep's milk.

a c^J faldh, Prosperity, happiness; es-
cape, deliverance, safety ; asylum, refuge ;
[haiya 'aid 'l-faldh, Hither to happiness or
salvation (cry of the Mu'azzin, see
p. 435) ;]— fallah, A farmer, villager, pea-
sant, boor ; a hirer of camels or horses ; a
seaman, sailor, mariner.

a *».Si faldhat, - Agriculture ; — faldhat-
ndma, A treatise on agriculture (a book so
called).

a cy-S^ falldhun, y^^i falldhin (pi. of
fallah), Peasants, farmers ; peasantry.

yliSU fal&khtin, tr 4 -^ 1 faldkhan, A sling.

jSi faldd, *>>^ faldda, fildda, fuldda, A
trifle, useless thing; vain, unprofitable.

g a AA-Ai faldsifa (pi. of failasuf), Philo-
sophers.

faldaang, A sling.
a tSU fildt, Anything sudden and unex-
pected,

g (jlAi t~ald£itn t falatun, Plato.

( 937 )

u-jk^ faldtus, The preceptor of 'Azra.
ij-^* fala'tus'i, A man of Eum, a Greek ;
a ddnik.

a y^tlii faldtiin-shi'dr, Distinguished
by Platonic wisdom ; (met.) heaven.

(ji^t&i jalatunl, (met.) Bravery.

a jHi jjJdg, The separation of milk into
particles from sourness ; curdling ; (pi. of
fulaqaf) brickbats; — fildq, fuldq, Dis-
tinct separate particles ; — fuldq, Curdled
(milk) ; a sheer lie ; an egg broken to
pieces -—fullflq, One who cleaves, splits,
separates.

a <UA* fuldqat, A brickbat.

a faldkat, Evil, misfortune, adversity,
misery ; — fal&kati falak, Fortune's frowns.

a JiS&i faldkatl. Unfortunate.

a ySi fuldn (in P. also faldn), fem.
fnldnat, fulana, faldna, A designation of
any unknown or undefined person, he, that
man, such a one, such, a certain ; the penis ;
— dar fuldn tdrikh fi sinaii fuldn, At such
a date in such a year; — yd fuldn, Ho ! you
there.

a ylU y\ yji fuldn az fuldn, Boasting,
bragging.

a yUljSii fuldnistdn, Such a place, the
residence of anyone.

a <UiU faldna, Such an one ; penis ; pu-
dendum muliebre.

a o 5 ^* fuldni, Of so-and-so, of such a
place.

^ falawa, Distracted, giddy.

a uJU falat, Escape, liberation, deliver-
ance \—~fulat, fullat, Quick, swift, sudden.

a uwUU falatdt, Errors, blunders, slips,
mistakes.

a &dU faltai, The last night of every
month"; the last day before any sacred
month, when fighting is prohibited ; aDy
thoughtless action, anything done suddenly,
unexpectedly, on the spur of the moment.

gl^ falj, (v*X* faljam, A bolt, bar, lock,
chain, or fastening for a door.

A j-U falj (v.n.), Dividing into two parts,
separating, making a partition ; ploughing ;
laying a tax, imposing tribute ; being pro-
sperous ; victory, triumph ; loss, injury,
damage ; name of a place ; — falj, fuj, A
half j heniiphlegia, palsy ; — fulj, Victory,
safety, escape ; — falaj, A brook, brooks ;
width, space (between the teeth or feet).

a gli fall} (v.n.), Ploughing, tilling the
ground; cutting, cleaving, splitting; cheat-
ing, defrauding, traducing, slandering,
speaking ill of ; — falak, Prosperity, happi-
ness ; safety, salvation, refuge ; a fissure
in the nether lip.

a ,jAfeU filkds, Ugly, offensive, ill-tem-
pered.

A <j~*,ti falhas, G-reedy, avaricious ; one
who waits for the time for people to be at
meals ; a dog ; a bear ; name of a man
proverbial for begging.

^ faljch, Taking the seed out of cotton ;
—falakh, The beginning of any work.

^aal* falakhm, A sling; — falkham, A
wooden instrument wherewith to strike
the string of a bow, with which cotton is
separated ; a burial-place of the Fire-
worshippers.

yUsili falakhmdn, A sling.

<Uiili falkhama, A lock ; an instrument
used by cotton-dressers ; a burial-place of
the Tire- worshippers -—falahltma, A sling.

t)-V>*atJj falkhamidan, falakhmidan, To
beat and separate cotton.

t^afcl* falkhan, Name of a town belonging
to Palak Abad ; a sling.

falkhud, A seed sticking in cotton ;
a separator of cotton from the seed.

yjjaiU falkhudan, To dress cotton and
clear it from the seeds.

Somali falihuda, Cleaned cotton ; pure,
mere.

•VsiU falkhid, faHchtda.il, — Jjafcli

falkhud, yo^steli falkhudan, qq-v.

SAssii falkhida, Cotton cleaned from its
seed ; anything pure, freed from admix-
ture.

a iii fah (v.n.), Cutting, cutting off a
slice ; giving liberally and at once ; — filz,
A camel's Hver ; — filaz (pi. of the following),
Pieces, slices, &c.

a Sjl* filzat, A part, slice, segment, bit
(of an ear, meat, or camel's liver ; also of
gold or silver).

a fa-lizdlika, And on that account.

j/ 4 falarz, falar&ang, Victuals car-

ried, home by the guests from an entertain-
ment.

a jli filizz, filazz, fuluzz, Ore, metal in
general ; a kind of white brass of which
kettles are made, tin ; dross, scoria ; a
stone ; thread wound round a spindle, or
anything else by which the sharpness of a
sword is tested ; strong ; avaricious.

a krjtyj filizzdt (pi. of filixz), Ores, metals ;
mineu.

a ^* filizzl, Metallic, mineral, fossil.

A (jjj f/xis (generally pronounced filt),
A small coin, an obolus, or anything of
similar shape, as the scale of a fish, the
boss on a bridle or a book; — fils. Name of
an idol of the Banii Taiy ; poverty, insol-
vency, bankruptcy ; — falas (v.n.), Being
poor, poverty.

^sJ" — falastin, Palestine.

g a ii-li falsafat, Philosophy.

y a ^s*~ U falsafi, Philosophical j a philo-
sopher.

lA^Si filishk, A gugglet painted for chil-
dren.

A tli fait (v.n.), Being astonished, con-
founded ; — falat. Anything unexpected.

a fal' (v.n.), Cutting, splitting, crack-
ing; — fal', fil', A crack in the foot; — ful'
(pi. of fal it'), Sharp swords.

& ( 938 ) J*

At*U falgjia,nd,fulghwi; Thorns or spikes
put upon a wall to prevent men or animals
from getting over it ; a dangerous place in
the sea,

fcdghud, A seed sticking in cotton.

a Jill filjil, fulfvl, Pepper ; [filfili abyaf,
White pepper ; — filfili barrl, Seed of Agnus
castus ;~filfili dar atish afgandan, To render
uneasy ; — filfili diraz, Long pepper ; — filfili
8Ur%h, Red pepper, capsicum filfili gird,
Bound pepper; — filfil u kdfur, Pepper
strewn over camphor to prevent it from
evaporating ;] — fulful, A clever and active
servant ; the fibre of the palm-tree.

a )y* filfil-milr, jAlj filfil-wwn,

Wild. mint.

a JAU filfil-m&ya, Root of long
pepper.

a (jl> falq (v.n.), Splitting; separating
into parts; breaking forth (dawn); — falq,
filq, The opening or middle of the mouth ;
a misfortune ; — filq, A branch split into
two parts, of which a bow is made, each
half being called filq \ also a bow made of
half a branch ; anything wonderful or por-
tentous ; — falaq, A fissure, crevice ; the
dawn or its spreading light ; all men or
creatures, creation ; low ground between
two mountains ; an open space between
two heaps of sand ; hell, or a pit therein. ;
the stocks in which offenders are placed ;
milk curdling ; also remaining at the bottom
of a cup ; name of a village in Taman ; —
filag, Name of a village near NIshapFir.

Wjili falaqrdt, Name of a king of Rum;
Philocrates.

utili filk, Afire-worshipper; a very sour
wild plum (unsupported by examples).

a fulk, A ship ; ships ; — -falak (v.n.),
Having round breasts (a, maiden) ; swell-
ing, becoming round (breasts) ; heaven,
sky, firmament ; a reel of thread ; the round
or swelling part of anything ; a wave of the
sea, a billow; water set in motion by the
wind ; a hill or tumulus of sand on a plain ;
a pole to which the feet of a culprit are
fastened when the bastinado is given ;
[falaki atlas, The crystalline sphere ; —
falaki afldk, The primum mobile, empyrean
heaven; — falaku 'l-qamar, The moon's orbit;
— falak anddza ktirdan. To obtain promo-
tion; — falak parda bar-ddrad, Resurrection
is impending : — falaki parda-ddr (sdda),
The crystalline sphere; — falaki kawdkib
(kaukab, mukawkab), The starry firmament ;
— chub u falak, The bastinado ;] — fuluk
(pi. of falak), Celestial spheres or orbits.

a i£U falkat, falka, A round tract or hil-
lock of sand in the midst of a flat desert ;
a circular hillock or sand-heap ; any round
bone (as the knee-pan, &c.) ; ball of thread
round a woman's spindle ; a round piece
of wood in which the tent-pole is fixed ; —
f'alakatyfalaka, A boy's top.

a <sAii falak-parwdz, U*> «sUi falak-
paima, Extremely swift.

a fcjSjt^ »aUi falak-jawalan, Moving in the
sky (sun); extremely swift (a horse).

a «siU falok-dabdaba, Pompous as
the spheres, stately as the firmament.

a j) u^i* falak-rav, = <^y>- <£U* q.v.

a 6»>) utUi falak-zada, Oppressed by for-
tune.

a «iUi falak-sair, Extremely swift.
a jly falak-nawaz, An ignorant up-
start.

a Jy» uiili falak-naward, = q.v.
a ciUJ falak-wash, Like the heavenly
sphere.

a <_5&J falaki, Heavenly ; astronomical ;
— falki, A tasteless sort of pear.

yi-UJJ falmdkhun, A sling.

vsli^Ai falanjmishk, A sort of sweet
basil,

falanja, A red seed used as a per-
fume.

(jjAo^jli falanjidan, To assemble, collect,
gain.

a jU falw (v.n.), Weaning (a colt or a,
child) ; striking with a sword ; undertaking
a journey, travelling ; growing wise after
having been ignorant or foolish ; — filw, fern,
i^li filwat, filwa, fuluw, A colt (of horse or
ass) when, weaned, or one year old.

a m^jlJ falawat (pi. of falsi), Deserts,
solitudes.

a. sjli fuluj (pi. of falj,filj), Parts, pieces
cut off ; halves ; — fulliij, A writer, scribe ;
name of a place.

yj^jii flordns, Florence (m.d. from Fr.,
pronounced in French fashion).

fulura, ijjLi fuliiza, The timber which
supports the roof of a building.

ij)^ fi^ r ^> A golden coin, ducat, sequin
(apparently derived from florin).

a fulus (pi. of fals), Small coins of
uncertain value ; scales of fish ; bosses of
bridles ;—fidusi mdhl, Dogs-bane, a plant.

a J.* (jrfjli fulm-ddr, Scaly (fish) ; bossy.

a gjli falu', Sharp (sword) ; — fulii' (pi.
oifal'.fil'), Fissures in the feet, chaps.

<nli fala, falla, Biestings ; sour, curdled
milk.

a \ falihdzd, And because, therefore.

a izMfalita (for failla) , A gun-match; a
torch ; a wick ; a wick composed of paper,
inscribed with a spell, the inhaling of
whose smoke is said to drive demons out
of those possessed ; a cord run inside the
seam of a garment to strengthen it.

a As^li falita-ddr, A match-lock ; any-
thing that has a match or wick ; cloth
hemmed with a cord.

yjijj falidan, To be a coward ; to seize
with violence ; — falidan, fiUdan, To thrust
with violence so as to leave a wound.

i_r— A—i* fillfus, Philip.

<siA*l-i fulaifala, Fruit of the aloe-tree.

( 989 )

A j^U faliq, Anything wonderful ; a Tein
in the neck or in the upper part of the
arm ; a hollow in the front part of a camel's
throat ; name of a village near Ta'if ; (in P.)
the cocoon of a silkworm ; — fullaiq, A kind
of peach with a double kernel (dana-ski-
kdfta?).

J«l* fulel, A fragrant oil prepared in
India from jessamine.

a falti, Broken, notched (sword) ; a
camel's notched canine tooth ; a thicket of
trees.

faliv, ijAi fallwa, Useless, fruitless,
vain, foolish.

fam, A sheet stretched on poles in
which people collect the money scattered
on occasions of public rejoicing,

a f*i fam, A single tanning ; — fam, fim,
fum, The mouth; — • famu 'Lmi'da, fami
mi'da, The orifice of the stomach.

A fann, in P. fan (v.n.), Driving
(camels) ; the branch of a tree ; manner,
mode, way, rate ; science, doctrine, art
(construed with zadan, wartidan, &c.) ;
artifice, craftiness, deceit (construed with
khwurdan, zadan, &c.) ; instruction (con-
strued with dddan) ; writing (construed
with nihadan) ; [fani akhldq, The science
of morality, ethics ; — fannu 'n-naqr, Sculp-
ture, chiselling, engraving;] — Jinn, One
who gives close application and attends se-
dulously (to instruction).

a fand, Solanum hortense ; name of a
mountain inNajd;— /area', fand (v.n.of ^yJ),
Vanishing, passing away, being ended and
finished ; being old, frail ; annihilation,
mortality ; frailty, transientness, fleeting-
ness ; [fana shudan, To die ; — 'fand kar-
dan, To annihilate, reduce to nothing; —
ba-fand rasldan, To die; — ddri (kishwari)
fand, The house (kingdom) of frailty or
transientness, i.e. this world;] — find', A
court before a house.

J^i findd, Civet (probably misreading
for >>Wj q.v.).

a ji^i ^' J 'ana-pa fir, Transitory, frail,

^ fand-r, A lighthouse.

'M^* fandruz, Name of a place near
Samarkand growing excellent wine.

yj-jUi fandnidan, To make a pause
between speaking and doing something ; to
do deliberately and prudently.

fandwar, The string of drawers ;
name of a place in China (this unsupported
by examples).

o (j^J.* funtuq, An inn, earavansera.

fanj, Ruptured ; ugly ; hernia or
rupture ; name of a Chinese general in the
times of Nushirwan ; [fanji mdda, A
female hernia ;] — finj, A lady, a matron ;
the string of drawers, a trowser-belt ; —
fum, Ruptured ; rupture ; name of a town
in Zanzibar ; a donkey with a docked

tail (unsupported) ;—fanaj, A harmless
kind of snake.

a ^ funuj, Persons heavy and dis-
agreeable.

fanjd, Yawning ; the first symptom
of an approaching fever ; a shivering-fit ;
snow ; [fanjd kardan, To yawn ;]— ftnjd,
"Wind and snow.

f ,\ l f C ii finjdm, A state of incipient fever
(unsupported by examples).

a finjdn (for P. <j&i q.v. p. 258),

Porcelain dish, tea, or cofEee-cup.

fanjar, SjV^ fanjara, A man with a
large organ of generation.

sjU j^i fanj-mdda, A swelling of the
clitoris,

fanjangusht, Cinquefoil.

<s^i funja, Speech, talk, discourse.

J^jUpii fanjnoeh, An electuary composed
of iron filings, wine, and oil of almonds.

£ j^ii fanjidakh, Languor, lassitude.

yjLj^Ai fanjidan, To yawn from crop-sick-
ness ; to yawn and stretch as on the ap-
proach of a fever.

a fanh (v.n.), Drinking (ahorse) but
not to his fill.

a £i* fankh (v.n.), Conquering, over-
coming, subduing, humbling ; using vio-
lence ; breaking small (a bone) without
cracking.

Atl fand, Trifles, vain word s ; a lie ;
fraud, treachery, deceit ; a point, dot, mole,
or freckle ;~find, Name of a poet.

a Axi find, Ground without rain, parched ;
a branch, twig; name of a man proverbial
for slowness ; also of a poet ; people assem-
bled ; manner, kind, species ; — find, fand,
A large mountain or a long strip of it ; —
fanad (v.n.), Being impaired by age (in-
tellect) ; dotage ; blundering in speech,
mistake ; telling a lie, lie.

a jWi funddq, A cash-book, account-
book.

^X^jXii fandarsag, A town near Astar-
abad.

jjui funduq, <tf*U funduqa, A filbert-
nut; a nut good against the sting of a
scorpion ; a ball for cannon, musketry, or
cross-bow ; (met.) the lip of one's be-
loved ; the tips of the fingers stained and
resembling hazel-nuts funduq bastan, To
stain the finger-tips with henna to make
them resemble hazel-nuts ; — funduq zadan,
To make a particular noise by stvikiug the
fore-finger of the right hand against the
fore and middle fingers of the left -—fun-
duqi sinjdh-rang, The earth ; — funduqi sim,
The stars ;— funduq shikastan, To crack a
nut ; (met.) to give or take a kiss.

jjui funduq (Qt. vav8ox^ov), An inn,
house for travellers.

ju> j.ui funduq-band, Staining the tips of
the fingers or toes.

djj ( 940 ) sj»y

y«>j^ (j*-^ funduqi kardan, To stain the
finger-tips with henna.

Ja»1 fandal, The bolt of a door.

^Aii fandi, False, deceitful, fraudulent.

a findira, A large boulder- stone

rolled from the summit of a mountain.

A fanzaj (from P. q' v -)> A

dance with joined hands.

a u-Uaii fintds, The hold of a ship, in
which bilge-water lodges ; a tank in a ship
for holding fresh water ; a bowl in which
fresh water is dealt out.

(jjjliliaAi fantdfilun (G. TrivT&<f>vWov),
Cinq uef oil.

a. vr-daii fintw, Abject, worthless ; base-
born ; broad-nosed ; penis.

a frifana' (v.n.) .Abounding (in wealth) ;
increasing, growing ; generosity ; fragrance
(of muBk, &c.) ; wealth, riches ; — /ami',
Increased, opulent, wealthy.

a s-i;» fan-fareb, Artfulness and
cunning.

a u^j* fan-farebl, Artful, cunning,
deceitful.

a i>ii funuq, Delicately-brought up
(girl) ; a fat young she-camel.

A <aU» fank (v.n.), Eating up entirely
without shame or cessation ; being sur-
prised ; transgressing ; victory, superiority ;
lying, a lie, deceit ; — fank, fanak, Anything
wonderful ; — jink, funk, A door ; a part of
the night ; — fanak (v.n.), Being surprised ;
name of a village near Samarkand; a
certain furred animal (see the following
article).

fanak, A furred animal or, according
to others, a kind of fur-pelisse made of
its skin ; a leech ; a sort of dark lantern
used by robbers and by travellers at night.

uCii fang, Distress, misfortune ; a colo-
cynth.

a fanan, A branch.

fanav, Fallacy, deception ; deceived,
flattering oneself ; quiet ; agreeing (the
last two meanings doubtful).

jyki fanud, funud, Slow in speaking or
walking; weeping, cry, lamentation; reBt,
quiet; trust.

cjjyj funudan, To deceive ; to be de-
ceived ; to make a long pause between
Bpeaking or doing anything ; to desist, cease,
finish ; to be negligent, sluggish.

funu&a, Deceived ; resting, halt-
ing.

funiiT, Separation.
fanus (G. ^ai-os), A beacon, a lan-
tern (see <j*y^).

a >*)y> funuk (v.n. of «£^i), Being perti-
nacious, persevering ; quarrelling; abiding,
staying, stopping ; entering into an affair ;
lying, telling lies.

a funiin (pi. of fann), Sciences, arts ;
modes, ways, manners ; tricks, artifices.

A iS*** faniq, A camel or a horse-stallion

of a noble breed, and never ridden or
worked.

A y* fu, The mouth ; phu, valerian.

a <^>\ji fawdt (v.n. of «yj*), Passing by ;
passing away, dying ; escaping (an oppor-
tunity) ; — mautu 'l-fawdt, Sudden death.

A fawdtih (pi. of fatihat), Openings,
beginnings ; introductions, prefaces j re-
citals of the opening chapter of the QurVw.

A fAji fawdjir (pi. of fdjir), Wicked,
loose, lewd (persons).

A i_r*-\ji fawdhieh (pi. of fahishat), Shame-
ful things, lewd practices ; ribaldries.

A u>js.\ji fawdkhit (pi- of fakhitat), Ring-
doves.

A^ji fawdkhir (pi. of fdkhirat), Pre-
cious (things).

A fu'dd, fwwdd, fawdd, The heart,
liver, or lungs ; mind, soul.

so\y* fawdda, Dough mixed ' up with a
kind of gruel or drink called db-kdma.

a fuwar (v.n. of jji), Diffusing its
perfume (musk) ; froth, scum (of a boiling
cauldron).

a s^ji fauwdra, A jet d'eau, fountain,
spring. (Construed with the verbs jastan,
zadan, gushddan, <fcc).

A (j-yy fawdris (pi. of fdris), Horsemen.

A fawdrigh (pi. o£ fdri gh or fdrigkat),
Empty ; remnants of a meal ; — mardkibi
fawdrigh, Ships in ballast.

A J-^jJ fawdsil (pi of fdsilat), Ends of
verses, periods of the Qur'an or of poetic
distichs ; pauses, ce suras.

A J^V fawdzil (pi. of fdzilat), Benefits,
bounties ; (pi. of fdzil) learned men ; —
fawdzilu 'l-mdl, The advantages derived
from cattle, such as, hiring out, &c.

A j^ji fawdq (v.n. of Jj*), Being superior
to, excelling (one's companions) ; — fawdq,
fuwaq, The re-collection of milk in the udder;
the in terval between two milkings ; also
the time between opening the hand and
closing it again on the teat ; sobbing, hic-
cupping; [fawdqi shlsha, The noise pro-
duced by pouring wine into a glass ;] —
fuwaq (v.n. of li^), Giving up, or being
about to give up, the last breath ; a sob,
hiccup, the last breathing of a dying per-
son ; — fuwdq dar gulu uftad, The throat is
suffocating.

a fawdkih (pi. oifdkihat), Fruits.

a J\j> fauwal, A dealer in beans (fill).

a e^ny faicd'it (pi. of fd'it), Losses,
things lost, missed opportunities ; blanks.

a gfly fawd'ih (pi. of fd'ihai), Odours,
perfumes.

a jjIjJ fawd'id (pi. of fd'idat), Gains,
profits, advantages, benefits ; notices, signs,
observations; morals (of a tale, &c); —
fawd'idi bisydr ddshtan, To possess many
advantages; — fawd'idi 'amlma, Common
benefits.

v*y fub, Wind from the mouth blown by

( 941 )

those who fascinate ; also in lighting a fire,
or in blowing out anything lodged in the
eye.

a 8y fuwat, Madder, a red dye.
«>y fiit, Foot (as measurement, m.c.
from E.).

A faut (v.u.), Passing away, dying;
escaping ; death ; annihilation ; the space
between two fingers ; — faut bild waslya,
Dying without leaving a will, intestacy ; —
faut shudan, To die ; to be lost, escape ; —
faut Tcardan, To die ; to escape ;—fa,ut girif-
tan, To brave or seek death,

a saa u&yi faut-ghuda, Dead or perishing ;
ruined ; passed away ; neglected ; lost.

a gjjy futanaj (from P. ««>j» q.v. p. 259),
Pennyroyal; mint.

a ^y futa, A cloth wrapped round the
middle when bathing (see ^ty).

A (jjy fautl, Dead ; (property) of any
person who dies intestate and without legal
heirs ; which escheats to the sovereign.

a <4^/ i_5»y fautl-firdrl, Killed and mis-
sing; (property) of persons dying intes-
tate or absconding.

a *<«ti (jiy fauti-ndma, A list of killed.

a u^Vs»y fautidagi, Death, decease.

a y-Vy fautidan, To die.

a s^y fautida, Dead, deceased.

a fauj (v.n.), Diffusing odour (musk) ;
being cold (day) ; a body of men, company,
troop, squadron; an army ;— fauji bahri,
Naval force, navy ;— fauji barrl, Land-
forces ; — fauji jckdss, Body-guard ; — fauji
tih'bandi, Provincial troops or militia em-
ployed in garrisoning forts, in escorting
treasure, and in revenue and police duties.

a jWy fauj.ddr, An officer of the police
in Hindustan, and chief magistrate of a
cbaklah, who takes cognizance of all crimi-
nal matters.

a ^Kj* fauj-ddrl, The ofiice or jurisdic-
tion of ufaujdar.

a gy fauj-kashl, The collecting or
levying of an army ; incursion, inroad.

a (j^-y fauji, Of or belonging to the
army, military.

A ty fauh, t)Uy fawahan (v.n. of ty),
Diffusing perfume (musk) ; according to
others, diffusing any kind of odour, good
or bad ; boiling (a pot) ; bleeding (a
wound) ; fragrance, perfume, odour.

A ty /awftft. (S^-y fawakhan (v.n. of cy),
Diffusing (an odour) ; coming forth with a
noise (wind from man or beast) ; breaking
wind.

a >>y faud (v.n.), Dying ; mixing ; the
Bide of the head ; a great quantity of hair
about the ear; one side of a load, or of
saddle-bags.

jy fvd (= pud), Cloth in the loom.

a g»jy faudanaj (for P. UJy> <1- t -)>
Pennyroyal.

sjy fada, Dry fermented dough from

which the drink ah-tema is prepared (see
»j\y).

a iy faur (v.n.), Boiling (as a pot),
bubbling (as a fountain) ; heat ; celerity,
haste, expedition ; way, mode, manner ;
['aid 'l-faur, fi 'l-faur, On a sudden, in-
stantly, in haste; — min fauri-him, Imme-
diately on their arrival, before they had
rested ;]— fur, Name of a man ; (pi. of
fd'ir) does, deer.

;ji fur, Palish, red, russet ; name of a
Raja of Kaniij slain by Alexander, Poius
(comp. S. pur a, paurava).

a faur-an, Immediately, quickly, di-
rectly.

furdn, The city of Kaniij in India.

a y^y fawardn (v.n. of jy), Boiling (aB
a pot), bubbling (as a fountain) ; beating,
throbbing (a vein or artery) ; diffusing per-
fume (musk).

yW^jy fuvdniydn, The citizens of Ka-
nuj._

a *jy faurat, Intenseness of heat.

yW-^y furdajdn, y^_>y furdagdn, y^y
furdiydn, Five days added to the end of
the Persian year.

y»Jjy furdin, Fur, made of fur ; — fatvar-
din, The first month of the solar year.

(jyjy furahon. A waggon, a luggage-
cart (m.c. from Fr. fourgon).

^y furak, Daughter of the king of
Kaniij, married to Bah rani G-ur.

^y* jy fur-moy (muy), One whose hair
is dark-coloured inclining to red ; russet-
haired.

Cl^y furiydn, Descendants of Raja Fur.

Ajy fauz (v.n.), Possessing, getting,
gaining ; escaping ; perishing, dying ; frui-
tion, success, gain ; victory, superiority ;
escape, safety, salvation ; death, destruc-
tion.

ajjjji foriyun (G.irvpcOpov), Draeuuculus.

)y ffiz, Onset, attack ; impetuosity ;
belching ; — also *jy fuza, The borders or
parts about the mouth externally.

jyl)J* fuzdfiiz, Sounds uttered in coition.

a ^y fauzi, Triumphal, triumphant.

Cj^y fuzhdn, Vociferation, a dreadful
voice or sound.

g^Ay fushanj, A village near Hariit (see
nK^rt p. 260).

&i*y fuskina, A kind of fungus.

a Jy*y fauzd, Equals without a chief ;
scattered (people) ; mixed, intermingled ;
confused (business) ; equally shared by all
(work or possessions).

a ty fuwat, pi. of —

a Sty futat, A kind of striped Indian
cloth, of which trousers are made ; an un-
sewn garment ; a covering, a wrapper (espe-
cially worn in baths) ; a rag ; a purse ;
testicle ; — futa leardan, To tear a garment.

a <~i\i *ty futa-bdf, The maker of the
garment futa.

( 942 )

a Aty* fata-poth, A religious mendi-
cant, a dervish (= y4y> 4i^- q.v. p. 455).

a <0U. 4tji fata-khdna. A treasury.

a_j\j dtji futa-dar, Wearing a futfl.; a
person who takes care of the visitors'
clothes in a public bath ; (in India) a
treasurer, banter; cashier, cash-keeper; a
collector of tenant- dues.

a it^i fata-ddrl, Bankership, trea-
surership ; office of a futa-dar.

a y^ljj aty futa-rubdydn, Bobbers,
thieves.

A kji fauz (v.n.), Dying, giving up tbe
ghost ; death,

A £y fauah (v.n.), Diffusing odour
(musk) ;—fawa,g]i (v.n.), Diffusing itself,
spreading (odour) ; thickness of mouth.

A tjjJ fauf (v.n.), Asking for anything
(joining the nails of the fore-finger and
thumb together) ; white specks on the
nail ; the shoulder-blade of an ox ; — faf,
White specks on the nails ; a white kernel
in the interior of a date-stone, whence the
palm-tree germinates; the red skin of a
date-stone; a kind of striped stuff of Ta-
man ; a little, somewhat, a small matter.

a faufal, fiifal, Betel-nut.

a dyifauq (v.n.), Being above, superior to
(one's fellows) ; superiority, excellence ;
the top, upper part ; above, more than,
beyond; besides, except; [favqa 't-turab,
Above ground ; — fauqa 'l-hadd, Beyond
measure ; — fauqa 'l-'adat, Unusual, out of
the common rule; — fauqa 'l-ma'mul, Be-
yond hope or expectation ;] — fiiq (v.n.),
Breaking an arrow in the notch ; the notch
of an arrow ; the first road ; a mode of
speech ; a certain bird ; the tip of the
tongue ; the gland of the penis ; vulva ;
name of a monarch (Phocas) .

a d^V fauqdn (du,), The two sides of
the notch of an arrow ; — fawaqdn (v.n. of
jy), Being superior (to one's associates) ;
superiority.

« u^j* fauqdni, Superior, upper ; dotted
above (letters such as o f» or o nun).

a fo-uql, Dotted above (as e id or
O nun).

A £«>ji fauqlyat, Supremacy, superiority;
preference ; — fuqlyat, Coin of the emperor
Phocas.

d)i fait, A vetch ; a bean ; tares.

t>"V* fugdn, A kind of drink, beer, ale
(= q.v., of which it is perhaps a cor-
ruption).

U)V fogzhiyd, Foggia in Italy (m.c.).
a jji fill, A kind of bean (when dry) ; a
vetch.

a J°y fu'ul (pi. of fa'l). Omens (espe-
cially such as are favourable).

jUji fulad (= Slj> pulad), Steel.

^jSy fuladi, Made of steel ; a pike-staff.

A Sifkfoldz (from P. ^ q.v. p, 260), The
best kind of steel.

fulus, Name of a Greek sage.
(2,J*V fuliyun, A medicine brought from
Syria.

a f)i film, Wheat.

y< funtan-blu, Fontainbleau (tn.c).

A t)f fuwiij (pi. of fauj), Bodies of men,
troops, squadrons.

a ij-jjt fu'iis (pi. of fa's, fus), Axes,
hatchets.

a *k>j* fuwaita (dim. of fata), A little
strip of cloth,

a iji fauh (v.n.), Pronouncing, speaking,
uttering a word ;—fuh, Anything fragrant
with which perfumes and ointments are
made up ; pot-herbs, spices ; the mouth ; —
fawah, Width of mouth ; — fuwah, Madder.

i}i fawa, Foil (under precious stones) ;
— fawa, fuwwa, filwa (for A. s^i), Madder.

Ja^J fuhil, Saltpetre.

A <jifi fuwaiq (dim. of fauq), A little
above or beyond.

ii fah, An oar ; a paddle ; — fih, An oar ;
a rake or shovel; an agricultural implement
for levelling the ground.

A A* fahh, in P. fah, A stutterer.

fahdr, A precious stone from the
East, which, taken as medicine, is said to
cure madness.

a [t^r» fahJidm, Very intelligent, learned.

a fahdma, Understanding, compre-
hending, perceiving (= q.v.).
fahdna, A wedge.

a fahhat, Stammering, hesitation in
speech.

A J^i fahd (v.n.), Attending well to any-
one's interests during his absence; the
cheeta, or hunting-panther, the ounce ;
[ibni fahd, Name of a noted doctor of law
of the Imamiyah sect;] — fahad (fahd?),
Resembling the cheeta in sloth ; neglecting
one's duty; sleeping; — fahid, fihid, Who
resembles a cheeta in sloth, torpid, sleepy ;
neglectful.

A/if 4 fa.hr, fahar (v.n.), Lying with a
woman, and withdrawing from her embrace
before consummation, in order to lie with
another (a practice forbidden by the sunndh
or Muhammadan law); — fihr, A stone
filling the hand, wherewith drugs are
brayed or nuts cracked ; name of the father
of a tribe of the Quraish ; — fuhr, A Jew-
ish university or college ; the festival of
Purim.

a Sjir* fahraj, Name of a town near Per-
sepolis.

a U-jtfi fihris, P. fihrist, An index,

summary, syllabus, table of contents ; cata-
logue, inventory, list ; a canon, rule ; pre-
face or beginning of a book ; — fihristi ajnde,
An invoice ; — ba'da az fihristi Icitab, After
the preface or beginning of the book.

a l~>]& fahrasat (v.n. of the preceding),
Making an index or catalogue.

a ij^ fahq,fahaq (v.n.), Being full (vea-

( 943 )

sel) ; running over with liquor ; hurting
the/akqat (see the following).

A. fahqat, fahqa, The first vertebra of
the neck,

Jnr* fahal, Wide, open.

A fahm, faham. (v.n.), Understand-
ing ; intellect, knowledge, comprehension ;
— fahm, Name of the father of a tribe ; —
fahim., Intelligent, who understands quickly
and well.

a yXoU^i fahmdnidan, q-Vs'W* fahma-
idan, To give to understand.

a \)] fahm-ara, Adorned with or what
adorns understanding.

a u^jU^i fahmdyieh, Instructions, direc-
tions ; admonition, warning, caution.

ajW f^i fahm-ddr, Intelligent, sharp,
acute,

a (J** 4 fahmi, (in comp.) Understanding,
as zud-fahmi " of quick perception."

a •*«-»-(,* fahmid, Understanding, percep-
tion.

a (j^- 1 **^ 1 fahmidagl, Comprehension,
ft fahmidan, To understand, per-

ceive.

a s^«*^i fahmida, Understood, compre-
hended.

a j»J fdhw (v.n.), Forgetting; slighting,
neglecting; — fahwa (for fa-kuwa), And it,
i.e. indeed, but it is ; — fahwa 'l-ma'mul
(murdd), And that is the intention, that
is what is wished, hoped, or asked for.

a Jjiifuhud (pi. oifahd), Cheetas, hunt-
ing-panthers, ounces.

^jn* fahula, A bundle.

<V fiha, An oar (see <U).

a fahir, fahlrat, Milk mixed with
flour, and boiled by throwing into it a hot
stone.

a (Jfeir* fahiq, Wide, ample ; a choice she-
camel.

a fahim, Learned, intelligent.

a fai', Shadow, shade ; a flight of
birds ; spoil, prey ; tribute ; — fi, In,
into, among ; during ; of ; concerning ;
in reBpect of; with, together with, along
with; by; for, on account of, &c. ; — fi
'l-badihat, Readily, quickly, extempore ;
—ft 'Ujumla, Wholly, totally, entirely,
universally, in all things, upon the whole,
to sum up ; — fi 'l-hal, Now, immediately,
suddenly, directly, instantly; — fi 'l-ha-
qiqa, Really, truly, in effect, in fact ; —
fi 'l-faur, Now, in short, immediately, di-
rectly ;— fi 'l-masal, As, for example ; alle-
gorically ; — fi 'n-ndr, fl 'n-ndr wo, 's-saqar,
In hell-flames ; — fi 'l-wdqi', Really, effec-
tively ; — fi sal, Per annum ; — fi sad, Per
cent. ; — fi ma, In that which, as to what
(see also U-i below) ; — fl man, Per maund ;
fi nafsi 'l-amr. To or at the bottom of the
affair ; — fi nafsi-hi, Personally ;— fi yaum,
One day ; in the day-time ; per day.

a faydh, A word used when making

an onset for plunder; inroad, plundering
expedition (= S>lA q.v.) ; — faiydh, fern, ^-^i
faiydhat, faiydha, Wide (sea).

A »>V 9 i faiydd, A man who walks haughtily ;
one who seizes and eats all that he can get ;
a male owl.

jW* faydr, Employ, work, business, art.

a Ja-Ui faydskil (pi. of faishalM) , Q-landes
penis.

a u&W* faiydz, Overflowing (river) ; libe-
ral, generous, charitable, profuse, bountiful ;
copious, abundant ; — faiydzi mutlaa, God
the bounteous bestower of benefits ; — abri
faiydz, A cloud full of rain.

a faiydzi, Liberality, bountifulness.

JWi fiydl, faydl, First, beginning ; land
cultivated after first rain ; two -barbed
arrow.

a JW* fiydl, faydl, fi'dl, A game among
the Arabians (something is hid in a heap
of earth, which, being then divided into
several smaller heaps, he who discovers
that which contains the object wins the
game).

a (>^Sifi'dm,fiydm, The covering or cushion
of a camel- litter or similar vehicle ; a tra-
velling company.

faydwdr, jjW* faydivar, Art, trade,
profession ; a mechanic ; skilful at work.

A fei fi'at, Ail army, body of men; —
taldqi'i fi'atain, The meeting of two armies.

A (j.*«£* fi'atain (obi. du. used as nom.),
The two armies.

a &>*faij, A valley, low ground ; a crowd,
company ; (for P. paik) a messenger, at-
tendant.

a t-tpei faija (?), Name of a town from
the neighbourhood of which the river of
Damascus originates.

a c ~» faih, Fruitfulness of herbage in an
extensive tract ; — faih, o^-** 1 faiyahdn (v.n.
of £**), Being diffused (odour) ; boiling ;
flowing with blood (wound) ;--fayak, Am-
plitude.

a faihan, Rue.

a £9* faifch (v.n.), Being diffused, scat-
tered (an odour) ; making a noise, whistling
(wind) ; dispersion.

a faid (v.n.), Dying; walking pomp-
ously ; accruing to anyone (advantage) ;
advantage, emolument; macerating, dilut-
ing ; saffron macerated ; hairs upon the lips
of a horse ; name of fortified townlet on
the road from Kufah to Mecca.

faiddr, Trade, profession, art, craft.

^Aji faiddqa, Name of a queen who
reigned over the country of Bar da' (also
called &»\a-» q.v.).

faidwm, A kind of white manna.

yt* fir, Laughter ; making of one a laugh-
ing-stock ; vexation.

(jSjjj-i ferandagi, A triumphant, insolent
boast.

iJijsi feranda, Proud, boastful.

( 944 )

f lr< >i, feroz, Victorious, triumphant,
prosperous, successful; victory; prospe-
rity ; the third of the five supplemental
days added to the Persian year ; name of
several Persian kings ; name of one of
Muhammad's companions who killed the
pBeudo-prophet Aswad (see zu 'l-himdr, &c,
under ; U., p. 430) ;— lashkari 'firoz, The
conquering army.

•Mjlp** firoxabad, Mansion of prosperity ;
a city in Persia near Shiraz ; also name of
several other towns.

firoz-asar, "Victorious, conquer-
ing.

J* 4 "^ JjJ** firoz-ajcjjtar. Of victorious star,
fortunate.

obi?* 1 fvrozan, Name of a city,

iiJ* 1 firoz-bakkt, Jirox-bahr,
Victorious.
<t firiizaj, A turquoise-stone.

i)r<^ firoz-jang, Victorious in battle

or war.

a, J^*- firoz-hal, Victorious.
})) firot'Toz, Of victorious days or
fortune.

■>V*i firoz-shdd, Elated by victory.

*/ iy** firoz-lcoh, Name of a mountain.

j^jjli firoe-gird, The city of Ardabil.

' Urf 3ir sJ firozmand, A conqueror.

I ^ s ^-))f> i Jlrozmandl, Victory, prosperity.

w ,, ! >jj ;! J firozanin, A good work or act.

s^pj firota, A turquoise ; name of a
castle or palace in Gazna ; (= <^yi q.v.)
victorious ; — firoza'i habdbl, A turquoise of
the shape of a bubble ; — firoza'i rag-ddr, A
valued kind of turquoise, being veined,
which is considered a blemish in other
precious stones ; — firoza'i zinda, A turquoise
of a rich colour ; — Jvroza'i murda, A turquoiae
of a dull colour.

g\i Sjjp*! firoza-tdj, (blue diadem) The
crown of Kai Khusrau; possessor of a
turquoise crown, according to others of a
victorious crown ; (met.) holy men, der-
visheB.

firoza-taJM, <~&&~ flroza-
saqf, Heaven (the azure vault).

^Jt* 1 flroza-chashm, Blue-eyed,
(jjj Jlroza-daryd, flroza-
gun darya, The azure sea ; the sky.

cs©, fyjti ftroza-rang, Of turquoise co-
lour.

a firoza-tasht, The throne of

Khusrau ; the sky ; the seven stars of the
GTeat Bear.

S}y,.i firoza-kdkh, flroza-
marqad. The world.

^jti jirozi, Victorious, happy, glorious ;
victory, BueeesB, prosperity, good fortune;
of the colour of the turquoise, azure, blue.

tyyti firun, Untoward, unlucky, unfor-
tunate (= q.v., p. 912).

a v^t** firydb, Name of a village near
Balkh (also called Faryab).

tjf" 1 *;** feridagi, Sauciness, insolence, ex-
cessive joy ; pride of purse,

yHr* 4 feridan, To swagger, walk pom-
pously ; to be very benevolent ; to vex,
deride.

CiJ^ fizum., The river Ganges.
fisd, A peacock,

A u*"** faish (v.n.), Mounting (an ass the
female) ; boasting, being vainglorious or
haughty; entertaining a wrong opinion of
oneself ; glans penis.

faishal, Contorted, folded, wrinkled.

a iU-j faishalat, Glaus penis (particularly
of a stout one).

A yo** fais {v.n.), Flying, escaping, elud-
ing one's pursuit (a lizard) ; going, depart-
ing, travelling ; declaiming, uttering.

a J-*i faisal, A decision, decree, deter-
mination of a law-suit, a definite sentence
from which there lies no appeal ; separa-
tion, division, disjunction ; a judge, an
arbitrator ; — faisal kardan, To settle a law-
suit or dispute.

a uiAailasJ faisalajdt (pi. of faisala), De-
cisions, decrees, &c.

a faisal-ndma, Decree, award j

an instrument denoting that a decree has
been settled.

a 4l-o«J faisala. Decree, settlement, adjust-
ment.

a (jW* faisali, A judge, umpire, arbi-
trator.

jya^i faisur, Name of a city whence cam-
phor is brought.

a yM/atz (v.n.), Being plentiful, copious
(water, tears) ; being brimful (vessel or
river) ; being published, spread (news),
divulged (secret) ; dying, expiring, death ;
emanation ; plenty, abundance ; favour,
grace, bounty (construed with the verbs
burdan, dddan, ddshtan, giriftan, ydftan,
&c) ; the river Nile ; the river of Basrah ;
a fleet horse, an excellent runner; — faizi
aqdas, Direct communications of divine
grace (without intervention of the Holy
Spirit) ; — faizi haq (rabbdni), The grace of
the Lord ; — faizi karam, Divine bounty ; — •
faizi muqaddaa, Communications of divine
grace by means of the Holy Spirit ; — gkaiz
minfaiz, Little out of much.

a yWi fayazdn (v.n. of and = y*** q.v.
in the meanings given as far as " bounty").

a, yt*. yA-i faiZ'bakhsh, Bestowing fa-
vours; bountiful; fertilizing (rain).

a ^ faiz-rasdn, = o*-*". \J*±

a y*«* faiz-rwa.nl, Bountifulness,

bounty, beneficence.

a (,\& yi^i faiz-'dm, Of universal bene-
licence, liberal to all, profuse in bounties.

a Ju* faiz-maddr, Centre or source
of abundance, favours, &c.

a U~- <jM faiz-man&L Bountiful.

a yA*i faiz-ydb, Favoured, benefited,
blessed.

( 945 )

JM faizal, Wild anise.
<al * J fark, A footman, courier, messenger
(see <si^y).

}) \SLi ftgaro, The Paris paper " Figaro "
(m.c.)._ _

J* 4 fail, Name of a tribe.

a J**/iJ (for P. pll), An elephant ; (met.)
heavy; base, ignoble; [fil afgandan, To
subdue, conquer, vanquish ; — fili daryd,
Walrus \~~zdtu 'l-fil, Elephantiasis; — ndbu
'l-fil, The tusks of" an elephant, ivory ;] — ■
fil, fail, faiyil, Weak in judgment, silly.

^ fild (G. #Atis), A lover.

Oj-M fildsuf (G. tj>tXotro4>oi), A philo-
sopher.

viM faildq, A legion.

W^V* faildqus, Philip of Macedon.

ulA* J** fil-baran, The last rain of the
rainy season.

y^M filbdn, An elephaat-keeperor
driver.

J* 1 fil-band, A move in chess (see

J«e).

fil-pa, Swollen-legged ; elephan-
tiasis.

kl-l-i fil.pa.ya, A pillar.

A failat (v.n.), Being weak (the
mind) ; being weak-minded ; making a
mistake in the game JW* q.v. ; — filat, A
female elephant ;—fiyalat, fiyala (pi. of fil),
Elephants.

failaja, Power, strength.

«W*» fil-khana, An elephant-stable.

y^jj.vLJ fil-danddn, Ivory.

*° J** fil-dih, Kame of a Persian vil-
lage.

))} J** fil-tor, Strong as an elephant;
name of a wrestling-trick.

"r*j J** fil-zahra, The box-thorn.

<U~JLJ jilasta, A cheek ; an arm ; a finger.

a <_ij— M failasiif (G. <£iA.do-o<£os), A phi-
losopher ; intelligent, knowing ; cunning,
artful.

g a (j&j^-LJ failasufagi, Philosophy.

g a ^ij~X>i failasuji, Sophistry, hypocrisy ;
deception ; cunning ; trickery.

A ijl^i failaq, An array, legion.

yrfJLi failagus, Philip of Macedon.

•aXLeJ failah, A double-headed arrow ; the
planet Mercury.

j5.j£Lj jU-gosh, Flowers of different
colours with jagged leaves ; the iris or
elephants-ears ; name of a sweetmeat.

A failam, One who has a large fore-
head and a large head of hair; a big man ;
a coward ; wide (a well) ; a comb ; a lea-
thern carpet (used as table-cloth).

^.Li fiUmurgh, (elephant-bird) A tur-
key.

t£~±A^ fil-nishin, Seated on an elephaot.

A R^i faiUdat, = fl** q.v.

i J t i fili, Of an elephant, elephantine.

A faiyim, A strong man.

a Uei fi-»ta, In that which, from that

which; so that, on which, whence; why;
whilst, in the meantime ; according to ; —
fl-ma ba'd, After this, henceforward ;— /*-
md bain, -Reciprocal, mutual ; — fi-ma baini
fariqain, Between the two parties, inter
partes.

t>W fim&n, Aiming at moral perfection.

ii)*^ fainiun, A name given to 'Azra.
fin, A place of recreation in Kashan.

t$i* y»» fain-fain, Difficulty of breathing.

«sU*i finak, Froth of the sea, meerschaum.

a>1m f inland, Finland (m.c).

A y/^ (pi. of /at'), Shadows.

a Sf** fuyuj (pi. of faij), Messengers, at-
tendants ; keepers of a prison.

A i>j** fiyuz, fuynz, v.n. of, and ~ (jfcl
<I-v. ;—fuyuz (pi. of faiz), Overflowings of
water ; inundations ; favours, bounties, Ac.

a Jt^fuyul (pi. of fil), Elephants.

a &5j,j fuyalat (v.n. of J**), Being weak
in mind ; erring in opinion or conjecture ;
imbecility, folly.

a ff«i fuyum (pi. of faiyim), Strong
men ;—faiyum, A city and district in Egypt.

a faihaj, A cup filled with wine ;
wine ; a wins-measure ; a strainer.

y***^ fayidan, To be displeased at, timid,
afraid.

j q, The twenty-fourth letter of the
Arabic-Persian alphabet, expressing 100 in
arithmetic. It is pronounced harder than
us) le, being formed deep in the throat by
the pressure of the root of the tongue
against it, and is sometimes used for the
other gutturals >s! k, «ii"<jr, and £ gh.

t^S* qd'dn, Title first given to the Mogul
Emperor Oktai and transmitted to his suc-
cessors, in contradistinction from other
Mogul princes (compare and <y^).

A sj c ^ qa'b (v.n. of <-J°U), Eating ; drink-
ing ; — qdb, Quantity, space, interval ; the
distance between the extremities and mid-
dle of a bow qdbi qausain, Two bows' (or
according to others) two cubits' length ; —
qa'ab (v.n.), Drinking much, being filled
with drink ; being full of wine.

a qab (for A. s-«i), Bone of the
elbow, or ankle ; the heel ; a die for play-
ing ; a term used in the game mlr u waeir.

a ^4 v u qdb-bdzi, A game at dice.

t s-> u qab, A vessel or a case; — qdbi dyina,
A case for a looking-glass ; — qdbi ehini, A.
china tray ; — qdbi sigdr, Cigar .case (m.c.) ;
— qdbi 'ainak, A spectacle-case ; — qdbi
qalam, A pea-case ; — qdbi hitab, A port-
folio.

a y-iU q&bis, Name of a town in Maghrib.

A (jA?Vi qabiz, A taker, seizer, receiver ; a
sequestrator ; a possessor ; swift, expedi-
tious ; one who drives fast ; an astringent,
constipator; — qdbizu'l-arwdh, The seizer of
souls, i.e. The angel of death ; — qabizi
jarima, A receiver of fines ; — qabizi shikaml,
Under-tenant, sub-lessee.

^ A uwUjU qabizat (pi. fern, of the prece-.
ding), Astringents.

A Ji^> qdbil, Approaching, ensuing, fol-
lowing ; next (year) ; a recipient ; capable,
able, skilf al, clever ; worthy, sufficient ;
Cain ; — qabili add, Able to pay, solvent ;
payable; due; liable for payment; — qabili
amdnal, A. human being ; — qabili bdz-purs,
Answerable, responsible, accountable ; —
qabili tafcammul, Tolerable, supportable; —
qabili da'wd'i shar'i, Authorised by law ; —
qabil shudan, To be able, qualified, capable ;
to be possible; — qabil u hdbil, Cain and
Abel.

a qdbila, A clever or skilful -woman,
a midwife ; next night ; a male screw ; a
bolt.

a qdbile, One skilful, clever, worthy.

a qdbiliyat, Aptitude to receive, fit-
ness, capacity, skill; possibility; ability;
sufficiency ; desire, appetite.

yti qabil, Ability, power, opportunity ; —
qdbu yctftan, To find an opportunity ; to be
revenged of.

"""•V? y^* qdbii-parast, Tyrannical.

(jS-y* •jfc qdbu-paradl, Tyranny.

qabuchi, A gate-keeper ; despotic,
tyrannical ; selfish ; wily, crafty ; a scamp,
good-for-nothing fellow.

jyU qdbur, — usJ^Vi q.v.

A qdbila, A man with a handsome

face and a fine complexion ; (for P. hdivus)
name of an ancient king of Persia ; —
abu-qdbm, Name of Nu'man, son of Munzir,
king of Arabia.

ts)yV> qdbuk, Jj}U> qdbul, A pent, eaves ; a
trough for water under the eaves.

y^»Us qabun, = tJt^J (?).

j)^ qabu-ydr, An astute fellow, a long-
headed rascal.

^ qdbu-ydri, Wiliness, roguery,
knavery.

a J**^ qdbil, Cain.

t yVi qdiir (for jtVS q.v.), A mule ;— qdtiri
daeMi, A zebra.

a. yto qdlir, Parsimonious, stingy in house-
keeping.

T (3»Li* qdtiq, Victuals eaten with bread,
by-dishes ; — qdtiqi mini khwud ba-ham
rasdnid, He made some unlawful lucre.

A Jf^* qdtil, A killer, murderer, slayer;
an executioner ; deadly, mortal ; — qdtilu 'z-
zi'b, Wolfs-bane ; — qdtilu 'l-kalb, Dogs-
bane ; — zahri qdtil, Deadly poison.

A ^*>^ qdtim, Dusty ; blackish.

A ftS^i qdsim, Liberal, most munificent.
qdj, A pumpkin, cucumber, gourd,

-6 ) ;li

&c. (see ^>U) ; a kind of arrow ; — qdj
faroihtan, To sell, i.e. shoot, an arrow.

a qdhizdt, Adversities, tribula-

tions.

a qdh.it, Severe (season).

a <-Ao.Vj qahif, An emptier of a cup.

a f**\i qdhim-qdhim, Jet black.

a sjU qddat, qdda (pi. of qd'id), Leaders,
captains.

a c^U qddih, A blamer, accuser.

Ajo\i qadir, fern. S)«>U> qddirat, qddira,
Potent, powerful, able, capable, skilful ; the
powerful, an attribute of God ; — qddiri bl
raib u khildf, Potent without doubt or op-
position, i.e. omnipotent ; — qadir shudan,
To be able, sufficient, powerful.

a jWt jjli qddir-anddz, An expert archer;
an archer whose arrow never misses the
target.

a <^U> qddiri, A kind of bodice.
A y»oV3i qddis, Cadiz (in Spain) ; a large
ship ; name of a town near Herat.
a ^j-^i qddisl, for —

a A«— j\J qadieiya, Name of a city in
Chaldea, famous for the battle which sub-
jected Persia to the Arabs.

a qddim, Arriving ; a comer; a man's
head ; the fore-part of a camel's saddle ; a
camel's front teat.

a &»oU> qddimat, qddima, The advanced
guard or van of an army ; the fore part of
a camel's saddle ; the first or longest feather
of the wing.

A i_ioU qdzif, One who pelts with stones ;
one who accuses, or convicts.

Ajjjlj qazur, fern. Syjtf qdzurat, qdzura,
Ill-natured ; — SyjU^j zu qdzurat-in (qazura),
A misanthrope.

a uu\yjtf qfrzurat (pi. fern, of the prece-
ding), (met.) Dirt, impurities.

a j& qdr, Pitch ; a large herd of camels ;
name of a bitter tree ; also of a village near
Madinah ; (in P.) anything very black, or,
ironically, very white, as jet or snow ; [qdri
saiydl, Liquid pitch;] — qarr, Cold (day);
cheerful.

a qdrdsiyd, Cherries.

a >r>jUi qdrib, A boat belonging to a large
ship ; who travels at night in quest of water
(man or camel) ; — qdribu 's-sakhra, Surname
of a man proverbial for his greed (who,
having found written upon a rock that gold
was buried underneath, dashed his head
against it until he was killed).

x jfyU qdrptiz, A water-melon.

a qdrrat, qdrra (fern, of qarr), Cold,
cheerful (eye).

t gj^> qdrch, A mushroom (see S;^).

a tj^ qdrih, Pregnant, and visibly so
(camel) ; five years old (a horse).

a y-jVi qdris, Cold ; intense (cold) ; old,
ancient.

a i^&JJ qdrisliat, qdrisha, A bleeding
wound in the head.

A (jejtf qdris, Acid, acrid, sour (milk upon
-which fresh milk is poured till its acidity
be gone) ; a bug.

A Lejj qarisat, Biting word.

A. gij'J" qariz, Corroding, corrosive.

a qariz, One who collects the leaves
of the tree salam.

L qdri', A winner at drawing lots ;
a striker.

a icjU qdri' at (fem, of the preceding),
Adversity, evil j a curse ; the last judg-
ment, resurrection.

T <s^;U> qargfaa, A crow.

Ojtf qdran. Name of son of Eawa ; also
of a champion of the time of Kustam.

A yjVi qarin, An assistant, companion ;
possessor of sword and arrow ; one who
combines the lesser with the greater pil-
grimage (see go- and B _ ; * £ ).

a ijjjjli qdrurat, qdrara, A flask containing
wine or anything similar; a glass bottle,
decanter; a urinal ; a glass urinal, in which
the urine of a sick person is shown to the
physician; hence, a name for urine; a
urinometer ; a kiud of weapon or missile ;
— qariira'i burj, A missile thrown from the
tower of a fortress.

a qdrun, Name of the son of Moses'
paternal uncle, the Korah of the Old Tes-
tament, and proverbial for his wealth and
avarice ; galangale.

a CjVJb qara, Name of a tribe renowned for
skill in archery ; road on a high hill.

ij* qara, A plant resembling leek.

a £s)& qdri', The appointed time (of any-
thing, especially of a periodical wind to
blow) ; a reader (especially of the Qur'an) ;
devout, pure, holy ; — qdri, Inhabitant of a
town (bddi implying one who lives in the
country or desert).

a W;U q&rit, Seed of the tamarind.

a c>\}2)^ qariwdn (?), A caravan (for P.
t>V*q.v.)-

a fcj/A* qdri un (pi. of qdri'), Readers of
the Qur'an.

t ft qdz, A goose ; a small coin (the fifth
part of yV»1 -V -) > — qdzi wakshi, Wild goose.

t ft qdz-aldq, A certain singing bird
(m.c).

a ^ft qdzib, A merchant voyaging by sea
or travelling by laud eager for gain.

t ft qaz-chardn, Tending geese

(m.c).

i y^j^ qdzgdn, = yuft q.v. ; — qdzgdn-ash
mr-nigim tkuda, His affairs are. in a muddle
(his apple-cart is upset),

y\i jVi gdtgk&n, (iftft qdzqdn, A large
cauldron.

h ift q&za, A long rein for leading
horses.

h j\j aft qdza-ddr, Groom, horse-keeper.

( 947 ) ^

qdsib, Weak, flaccid (yard).

4U qds, A frog ; an eyebrow.
a qds, Quantity, measure.
a <;}U.U qdedn, A city beyond the Oxus.

a qdsit, One who deviates from the
truth; unjust, tyrannical, oppressive; name
of the father of a tribe.

A qdsim, icm. qarimat, qdsima,

A divider, a distributor ; distributive ; just,
equitable ; — qdsimu 'l-arzdq, The distributor
of daily bread, i.e. God ; — 'addlati qasima,
Distributive justice.
a qdsi, Hard, unfeeling (heart).
tjiU qdsh, A slice (of a melon) ; alike.
t qdsh, A bit, piece ; the eyebrow ; —
qdsM zin, The pommel of a saddle (= H.
U»> q.v. p. 431).

a yUi^i qdshdn, Name of a city.
a s-*"^ qdshib, A tailor ; weak-minded.
A qdshih, Thick (cloth).
a qdshir, Skin-grazing (blow) ; ex-
coriating ; the last horse in a race ; name
of a camel stallion ; hence : — ash' am min
qdshir, More unlucky than Qashir.

a iS;*^' qdskirat, qdshira, A slight wound
grazing the =kin.

t <3*\i qdshiq, A wooden spoon.
t ^M* qdsh-qdsh, Scattered, dispersed.
t lAV i3 A ^ i qdshiq-tardsh, A spoou-maker.
a ;j*^> qdshur, Unlucky ; the last horse in
a race ; excoriating everything, i.e. a barren
season.

A qdshurat, qdshura, A scarce year.

A ijo^ qdss, An historian, story-teller ; a
follower in another's footsteps.

a qdsib, One who blows the flute, a
piper ; a butcher ; loud thunder.

a A^Xi qdsid, Travelling, going; a tra-
veller ; a messenger, courier, express, post-
man, letter-carrier, cossid ; aiming at; —
qdsidi charkh. The moon ; the sun.

a, ^Xt^j qdsidi, Of or relating to a courier ;
travelling as a courier ; the office of a
courier.

a qasir, fem. Sj-o\J qdsirat, qdsira,
Defective, insufficient, unequal, impotent,
falling short of; failing in duty; cold
(water) ; — qdsiru 'l-baydn, Who fails to ex-
plain bis meaning ; inexplicable ; — qdsiru 'I-
limn, Deficient in speech or language; — ■
qdsiru 'l-yad, Short-handed, weak, power-
less ; — qdsirat u 't-tarf, (A woman) looking
down, turning her eyes to none but her
husband.

a t\**te qdsi' a', The hole of the jerboa or
field-mouse.

a i_A«Us qdsif, Who or what breaks, shakes,
or drives ; vehement, violent (wind) ; loud
(thunder).

A |*-°^ qasim, A breaker in pieces.

a u"^* qdsi, fem. it^i qdsiyat, qdsiya, Re-
mote, far distant ; who reaches the utmost
limit.

a qdsiyat, A country, territory, dis-
trict.

a <-^-*Vi qdzib. Sharp (sword).
a ^j^^ 1 qdzawi, Judicial.

( 948 ) J\l

A u*^ ^azi, A. cadi or cazi, a judge, civil,
criminal, and ecclesiastic ; judicial, juri-
dical; — qizi'l-hajdt, (God) the judge of
the needs (of mankind) ; — qdzl 'l-quzdt,
Judge of the judges, lord chief justice ; —
qdzl'i eharkh (falak), The planet Jupiter ; —
qdzi'i shahr, Judge or mayor of a city ; —
qdzl'i 'aekar, An army-judge; also some-
times the chief judge of the empire.

a qdziyat, Death, fate ; a certain

number of camels by which manslaughter
is expiated j fixed alms; — qdziyatu 'l-maut,
Sentence of death.

A s-S»^> qatib, Who knits his brows j a lion.

a. qatibat, All (mankind), everyone ;
— qdtibat-an, P. also Generally, uni-

versally.

t J»M qatir, A mule.

Jl jU* qatir. Gum-distilling (tree, espe-
cially the one called dragon's blood) ; the
gum of a tree.

t cftr^ qdtirchl, A muleteer.

isf <j^^" qatirchi-gari, Trade of a mule-
teer (m.c).

a MM qdtit, High, dear (assize or tariff) ;
long hair.

a gUj qati', Who or what cuts; keen,
sharp ; any cutting instruments, shears,
scissors, &c. ; one who abandons, a forsaker ;
decisive, peremptory, explicit, categorical ;
acid (milk) ; — qdti'u 't-tariq, A highway-
robber, cutpurse, assaBsio.

a tjkUi qdtin, An inhabitant, a settled
resident ; a Bervant ; — qdtinu 'd-dunyd, In-
habitant of the world, man.

a &<J>U qdtinat, qatina, Inhabitants ; ser-
vants, domestics.

A qdtul, Name of a place on the

Tigris.

t qdtun, Sal-ammoniac.

A £w qd', A plain, even ground ; a flat,
level country ; name of a fortress at Ma-
dinah.

a qa'at, A court-yard ; a saloon.

a qd'id, Sitting, sedentary ; a woman
who has ceased to menstruate and to give
birth ; a dwarf palm-tree which the hand
can reach ; a schismatic.

a IjxU qd'idai, qdHda, Base, basis, founda-
tion, ground- work ; a pedestal ; capital of
a column ; a metropolis, capital, seat of
government ; rule, custom, institution,
mode, manner, style, etiquette ; regulation ;
a rule of grammar ; firBt reader, primer ;
construed with the verbs sust Jcardan, shi-
kastan, nihddan, &c. ; — qd'ida'i 'amud, The
base of a column.

a qd'ida-ddn, One versed in rules

of practice, or forms, or customs, or cere-
monies; an expert, an authority.

a <-Acli qa'if, Kain, a torrent, deluge.

A <-*U qdf, A fabulous mountain, imagined
to surround the world, and to bind the
horizon on all aides; mount Caucasus;

name of the letter j ; signifying 100 in the
dbjad; (abbreviation for) Qur'an ; (pro-
bably for iJ^ q.v.) independent, able to do
without ; — qdf (ass qdf) td qdf, From Qaf to
Qaf, i.e. from one end of the world to the
other ; — qdf u ddl (probably abbreviation
for qaul u dalil) , Talk and argument ; idle
talk ; magnificence, pomp, grandeur ; vain,
foolish.

a qdfat, qdfa (pi. of qcfif), Tracers,
those who can track footsteps.

Ayli qdftz, Prancing (horse).

a &i^> qdfilat, q&fila, A caravan, body of
travellers ; a travelling party returned from
a journey ; — qdfila (for qdfila-s&ldr) raft
(shud), The (leader of the) caravan has
departed, (met.) Muhammad is dead.

a t qdfila-bdshl, jS^— qdfila-

s&lar, Chief of a caravan.

a i\S iUU> qdfila-gdh, A hostelry for a
caravan.

a jj*^ qifur, The envelope of palm-
flowers.

A tsil* qdfi, A follower, attendant.

a 4**V! qdfiyat, qdfiya, A poem, rhyme,
cadence, metre ; the final consonant on
which the rhyme of a poem rests ; the nape
of the neck ; — qdfiya tang shawad. The
speech or action flags ; — 'aid qdfiyati-hi,
Close behind him, at his heels.

a A-Jtf qdfiya-bandi, Ehyming.

a qdfiya-sanj, Weighing rhymes,

a poet.

a oW-*— qdfiya-sanjdn (pi. of the

preceding), Poets.

a (_5*j— ***U> qdfiya-ianji, Versification.
qdq, Flesh or fish smoked or dried ;
tall, lank.

a jU> qdq, Dry bread ; lean, weak ; silly,
light, flighty; (probably for £^q.v. or for
the following) cawing of a crow or raven.

a qa'qd', The cawing of the ravens
of Iraq.

a 2Si\i qdqidlat, qdqulat, qaqula, Carda-
moms.

A (jUU qdquli, Name of a salt-plant.

qdqum, The ermine ; an emblem of
day (comp. jaaj) • — qdqum, award, He
brought the day.

qdqwn-anddm, White-limbed,
a fair mistress.

jij> qdqum-posh, Clad in white or
bright garments, robed iu ermine.

i^* 5 f»Ai qdqum-namdy, Appearing white.

a (j-jSLi qdqua, A lentil, lentils.

qdqiyd, All juices expressed from
anything of a styptic quality, but espe-
cially the juice-pods of an Egyptian thorn.

a JU> qdl, A word, a saying ; loquacious-
ness ; talkativeness ; boasting, egotism ; a
speaker ; — qdlu 'l-fiaqq, The word of God,
i.e. Jesus Christ, the Logos.

a vJU qdlab, qdlib, A form, model, mould;
anything in which, or from which, another

( 951

shainef al, ugly ;— qubdh (v.n. of t**), Being
ugly, foul, offensive ; — qubbdh, A bear.

a ts-o-VsJ qabahat (v.n. of c**), Being
base, ugly, shameful ; ugliness ; villainy,
baseness, crime ; harm, detriment, damage ;
imperfection, deficiency; inconvenience; —
qabafrfil na-ddrad, Is it not shameful (m.c).

A Js^-W* qabdhd (pi, of qabik), Shameful,
uglv.

qubdd, >>Wi qubdz, Name of a king of
Persia and father of Noshirwan ; name of
a hero in the army of Minuchihr ; also of
a brother of Qaran, killed by Barman ;
a kind of thorny shrub of which camels
are fond.

qubds, The sun.

a i-W* qabdsat (v.n. of lt**). Covering
quickly, impregnating at once (a camel).

A u*W* qabbdz, A fast driver ; a taker,
seizer.

a iLiLi qabazat, Quickness, expedition,
swiftness.

a J»W qabdti (pi. of qibti), Copts,
Egyptians.

a qibd' (v.n. of £<•*), Grunting (as of
swine); — quba,', A foolish man; a large
corn-measure used in Basrah ; surname of
HariB, governor of Basrah, who introduced
this measure ; — qabbd', A timorous, cow-
ardly pig.

A ci~eW» qabd'is, pi. of or**** q.v.

t jW* qab&q, A gourd ; a pole in the
middle of a palestra to the top of which a
ring of gold or silver is fixed, serving as a
mark for archers (also called chubi qabdq).

a Jl*J qibdl, A strap which passes between
the toes and fastens the sandal to the foot.

a qabdlal (v.n. of J<j), in P. qabdla,
qiibdla, Being surety for another ; manage-
ment of an affair ; deputyship, suretyship ;
any contract, especially of bargain and sale,
signed by a judge ; a grant ; a deed, writing,
written agreement ; a bill of sale ; con-
veyance ; bail, bond ; title-deeds ; — qibdlat,
Midwifery.

aj\j aJVfi qabdla-ddr, Holder of a bond,
&c. (see the preceding article).

a tr*iy *JWi qabdla-naieis, A conveyancer ;
a scrivener, scribe.

a yW* qabbdn, qabdn (for P. oV)> A large
balance with one scale, being kept in equi-
librium by a weight on the other end of the
beam, a lever balance or steelyard.

•W W* qaba*-na,mad, A coarse, rain- tight
cloak.

»W* qabdh, A garment (see W» above).

a (iCfi qabd'i/t (pi. of qabihat), Crimes,
shameful thoughts, words, or deeds, turpi-
tudes.

a /W* qaba'ir (pi. of qubrd'), Larks.
A giV* qabdyi'. Fools ; people who lag
behind.

a JJW* qabd'il (pi. of qabllat), Tribes ;
family, wife and children, household

) O"**

qabab, Slenderness, slimneBS of

A

waiBt.

a qibbat, Rough tripe of sheep ; — qub-
bat, qubba, A cupola, dome, vault, arch,
alcove ; a turret ; a cathedral church ; a
tent, tabernacle ;—qabbatu 'l-isldm, (met.)
Basrah ; according to others, Balkh ; —
qubattu 'z-zaman, The tabernacle of the co-
venant (cf. **» below).

A qabj, qabjat (for P. «£***), A

partridge.

M jjqc** qubjur, A pasture-ground ; a
tribute consisting in one head of cattle out
of a hundred ; such tribute converted into
money (see jfr.y* and^*.**).

a J^r** qibchaq, Name of a desert in
Tartary.

A p.* qubk, qabh (v.n.), Being shameful,
disgraceful, ugly, hideous (in a moral and
material sense, opp. to y-~^ q.v.) ; base-
ness, villainy, &c. ; ugliness, deformity, Ac. ;
qubk-an la-hu, May God keep him from all
good ! a plague upon him !

a Jj*rfji qabhd (pi. of qablh), Ugly,
hideous (persons or things).

a j*i qabr (v.n.), Burying ; a grave, tomb,
sepulchre, mausoleum, monument in honour
of the dead ; [qabri kohdni, A grave raised
in the middle like a camel's hump ; — qibr,
A worm-eaten place in aloe- wood ; — qubar,
A delicious sort of grape, long and white ;
— qiihar, qubarr, A lark.

A lAj-f* qubrd', A lark.

A qubbarat, A single lark.

a u-jt* qubrus, Cyprus ; the finest Cyprus
brass.

a ejU-^jJI qabristdn, A cemetery, grave-
yard ; — qabristdni ddam, An executioner, a
wholesale murderer (m.c. applied to a
quack) .

a y£ qahr-saldmi, A consideration
or dues paid to the zamindar by the Mu-
hammadans for his allowing 1 them to dig a
grave for their deceased relations (an Indian
term) .

a (j-y-H 1 qubrusi, A Cypriot.

t ii^J qaburg&a, <J^» qaburqa, A rib ;—
shagh-qdburyjia (six ribbed), A stupid, a
blockhead ; a simpleton (originating in a
silly slave being persuaded by his master
that he had but six ribs instead of seven
like other people, which threw him into
profound melancholy).

a ^ pi qabr-kan, A grave-digger.

a b\£ j*i qabr-gdh, A burying-ground.

A y*> qibz, Short ; avaricious.

a (j~*Ji qabe (v.n.), Lighting or obtaining
fire from another ; asking for fire; striking
fire ; acquiriag learning, gaining knowledge,
deriving information ; — qibs, Root, origin ;
— qabas (v.n.), Being quick and efficient in
covering (a stallion) ; a portion of a fire,
firebrand, anything for kindling or striking

( 952 )

fire with, a match, <fcc. ; — qabie, A quick and
sure foal-getter.

A qabs, Taking up (anything) with
the tips of the fingers ; making (anyone)
leave off drinking before (his) thirst is
quenched ; mounting the female (stallion) ;
running a string into one's trowsers and
drawing it ; — qibs, A great multitude of
men ; root, origin ; — qibs, qabs, A great
heap of sand ; — qabas (v.n.), Being spirited
(horse) ; being closed up (womb of a camel) ;
being joyful; being large (head or crown
of head) ; having a pain in the liver (from
eating dates fasting) ; nimbleness, brisk-
ness ; — qabis Brisk, sprightly ; suffering
from the liver complaint qabas (see above).

a kati qabsat, qabsa, A locust ; — also qub-
sat, qubsa, Whatever can be taken with the
tip of the fingers ; as much wheat as can
be taken in the two hands ; a dose (as of
medicine) ; a pinch (as of snuff).

A yi** qabz (v.n.), Taking, seizing, arrest-
ing, graBping, griping, clutching; keeping
back, restraining one's hand from taking
hold of ; flying or walking swiftly ; driving
(camels) fast ; capture, sequestration, con-
fiscation ; receipt, voucher ; contraction ;
[qabzu 'l-wusul, A receipt, discharge, ac-
knowledgment; — qabzi Jchdlir, Depression;]
— qabaz, Tribute, tax ; — quhbax, An animal
resembling a tortoise.

A &a*» qabzat, qabza, Grasp ; power ; the
hilt of a Bword ; any handle ; the upper
arm ; seized, grasped, clutched (fern.) ; —
also qabzat, qubza, A handful ; a grasp, gripe,
clutch ; the closed fist ; — qubazat, qubaza,
A shepherd who skilfully manages his
flock; (a man) suddenly Bnatching and
immediately dropping anything, playing
fast and loose.

aj\) lA** qabz-wdr, In the Way of seizure,
or confiscation, or distraint.

a qabzlyat, Seizure ; confiscation ;

contraction; astringency ; constipation, cos-
tiveness.

A qabt (v.n,), Gathering together, and
holding with the hand; — qibt, The Copts
(the original inhabitants of Egypt, in opp.
to sibt, the Hebrew settlers).

a y^W* qabtun, Name of a man from whom
the Copts descend.

a J»U 3i6.fi, Egyptian ; — qubtl, qibtl, Fine
linen of Egypt; Coptic.

4 iftla-i qibtlyat,qibtiya, Egyptian (woman) ;
— mdriyatu 'l-qibtiya, Mary the Copt, pre-
sented by the Governor of Egypt to Mu-
ham 111 ad.

a qab' (v.n), Lowering the head in
worship; grunting (a hog) ; breathing hard,
puffing and blowing; sound, noise; the
cry of an elephant; — qub', A brazen trum-
pet; — qub'a, A hedgehog; a certain marine
animal.

a. J^**** qaba'sara, Great, large, strong ;

a large camel ; an emaciated weanling ; a
certain marine animal ; name of a poet re-
nowned for eloquence, of whom a spirited
conversation with the tyrant Hajjaj is
recorded.

A Jjr*** qaba'rur, A kind of a bad date.

A qabqdb, Loud-roaring (lion) ; a

camel in rut braying ; (also <M*i qabqabat)
the gnashing of teeth of a camel stallion ;
a liar; a great talker, raver, doter; wide
parts of a woman ; a wooden shoe, clog,
patten ; a shell or anything with which
cloth is glazed.

A s-*M qabqab, The belly ; — qibqib, A
species of sea-shell.

t (3** qabaq, Any plant or fruit of the
gourd kind ; a pole in the middle of a
palestra with a ring fastened to the top,
serving as a mark for archers ; according
to others a game which consists in fixing
an arrow in a suspended gourd.

qabq katk, i^qahq gurg, and —

«As£ cilti qabk katk, >iSf «tM qabk-gurg,
Behold, a stranger comes !

sj^j •J&t* qubki db, qubbaki ab, Duck-weed.

A J^i qabl (v.n.), Putting the strap qibal
to a sandal, or tying it ; blowing from the
east (wind) ; the fore part, front, face ;
before ; [qabl az an. Before that, prior to ;
previously; beforehand; — -qabl az m, Before
this, before now, heretofore ; — qabl az waqt,
Beforehand (m.e.) ; — qabla 'Lams, The day
before yesterday ; — qabla 'd-dukhul, Before
entering or arriving ; — qabla 'z-zamdn, Be-
fore the time ; — qabla 's-subh, Before dawn ;
— qabla an, Before that, ere, sooner than ;
— qabla-hu. Before him or it ; — qabla-hd. Be-
fore her; before those things; — qabla hdzd,
A little before, not long since ; — min qabl,
Formerly, heretofore ; in or from the front ;]
— qubl, Aim design, intent, purpose ; — qubl,
qubul, The fore part, front; pudenda (of
man or woman) ; beginning, commence-
ment ; the foot of a mountain ; [fi qubl, In
the beginning ; — min qubul, In front (Jo-
seph's shirt was torn) ;] — qabal (v.n.),
Having the toes turned inside and the heels
outward; squinting; having the horns bent
over the face (cattle); speaking extempore ;
a piece of polished ivory hung to the neck
of a woman or horse to avert the evil eye ;
a shell or bead used for incantation ; the
top of a hill, the part of rising ground, op-
posite to the beholder ; (in. P. for A. qabl)
siege, blockade ; [qaba I kardan, To besiege ;]
— qibal, Power; plenty; apart, side; pre-
sence ; with, iu one's possession ; [dar qibali
'izzati dont-am fulan, To the presence of my
glorious friend So and So (a mode of ad-
dressing letters) j— tin (for az in) qibal, For
this reason, because ; — tnin qibali, In respect
of, aside, apart from ;] — qubul (pi. of qabi-
lat), Tribes, &c.

A %i qabal-an, Extempore, unpremedi-

d*> ( 953 ) ^3

tated; — qubul-an, By troops of different
nations ; before the eyes.

a £Lj qablat, A small shell or bead used
for purposes of fascination, or to avert the
influence of malignant eves ; — qiblat, qibla,
Anything opposite ; that part to which
people direct their prayers, especially the
direction of the Ka'bah (construed with
tadan) ; also of the temple of Jerusalem ;
an altar, temple ; side, part ; mode, manner ;
[qibla'i jamehed, The cup or mirror of Jam,
which was said to represent the whole
world ; (met.) fire ; the sun ; red wine ; —
qibla'i jaMn-numa, The mirror of King
Jam, Solomon, or Sikandar ; (met.) a
pharos, a lighthouse, especially that of
Alexandria (see jami jahan-Tiama under
l»W p. 350) ; — qibla'i hdjat (hdjat), Who or
what is looked to for the attainment of one's
wants, one who supplies another's needs ; —
qibla'i dihqan (zar-dushtiydn), fire (accord-
ing to Firdausi not the object of adoration,
but the prayer-direction of the fire-worship-
pers) ; — qibla'i i alaw, (qibla of the world),
A title assumed by Eastern princes ; — qibla'i
Tcaunain (qibla of both forms of existence or
lives), A father ;] — qublat, A kiss ; a philtre
for reconciling enemies; bail, surety; [qubla
dddan, To kiss;] — qabalat, A spindle, a
distaff, or its whirl ; the cabalistic art,
dealing with anything mysterious or super-
natural.

a (^Lfi qiblatain (oblique dual of qiblat,
also used as nom.), The two Qiblas, i.e.
Mecca and Jerusalem (the latter having
not only been the Christian Qibla, but also
originally that of the Muhammadans ; till
their prophet, to conciliate the goodwill of
his fellow-citizens, changed it to Mecca in
the second year of the Hijra).

a 0*)1*> qablazin (for qabl ax in), Hereto-
fore, before this (in.c).

a ai-i qibla-ru, One whose face is turned
to the qibla.

a i\S iLi qibla-gdh. Any place towards
which one looks during prayer (Daniel vi.
10) ; — qibla-gdhi hdjat, = qibla'i hdjat, q.v.
under flL-> ; — qibla-gdhi majus, Fire.

a I** AM qibla-ndma, A mariner's com-
pass ; a sun-dial ; also —

a <*J*i qibla-nama, (Showing the qMa)
a machine, directing the Muhammadans, at
a distance from Mecca, to that point where
the Qibla stands.

a (J-ti qibli, Southern.

a jti qabw (v.n.), Collecting in the
fingers ; raising (an edifice) ; pointing a
letter with zammah (this explanation, given
by the Muntakhab, may devolve from the
sense "raising," in analogy with ft q.v.,
p. 582).

a vy** qitbub (v.n. of >r~»), Drying up or
losing its moisture (meat, a skin, a wound,

or a date) ; brawLng, quarrelling aloud,
making a tumultuous noise.

a iffi qabwat, A contracting of the lips.

a Cft* qubiih, &°-f*3 qnbuhat (v.n. of e*»),
Being deformed, ugly, foul ; ugliness.

A qabur, Low and soft (ground) ; a
palm-tree which bears quickly; or one
whose fruit is on the branch ; — qiibur (pi.
of qabr), Tombs, graves, sepulchres; —
ashdbi qubur, The buried, the dead.

a ifj*> qabus, Firm, strong, swift, or
mettlesome (horse).

a uijJ qvhuz (pi. of qabz), Eeceipt-
papers.

a £t-3 qubu' (v.n. of £*>), Hanging or
hiding his head in his garment (a man) ;
rolling itself up (a hedgehog) ; travelling ;
grunting (swine) ; breathing hard, sighing ;
lagging behind one's companions.

A Jj-j qabul (v.n. of J«i), Receiving
favourably, taking well, consenting, grant-
ing ; blowing from the east (wind) ; east
wind ; consent, compliance, a favourable
reception, concession ; approbation ; a mid-
wife; beauty; ornament; [qabul uftadan,
To prove acceptable ; to deign to accept
(m.c.) ; — qabuli jawab, An answer (filed in
a suit) acknowledging the justice of a
demand qabiil kardan, To agree, consent,
accept, approve, submit to ; — zii qabul,
Capable of receiving ; — 'alai-ka qabiil, Is it
agreeable to you? — qarlni qabul, Acceptable,
agreeable;] — qubfd (v.n. of J*»), Approach-
ing, coming ; blowing from the east ; let-
ting the bucket into the well ; receiving a
bucket from the water-drawer.

a J^f* qabul- jam 1 Stipulated rent or
revenue.

a S=s- Jj-j qabill-khat, "Written assent or
agreement.

a Jj** qabul-surat, Of approved

form, comely, handsome, beautiful.

a J>)f> qabul - surati, Comeliness,

handsomeness.

a t^rJ qabuli, Acceptable ; a kind of
food, rice and pulse boiled together; be-
longing to, fanned by, or exposed to the
morning breeze {qabiil).

a qabullyat, qabuliyat, gabiiliya,

A receipt, acceptance ; an agreement in
writing ; a counter agreement, the counter-
part of a lease.

a <3)*j» qabun (v.n. of u-fi), Travelling.

a qubba, A vault, arch ; a dome,
cupola ; a cupping-horn ; — qubba'i ab, A
bubble of water; — qubba'i zabarjadl (mind),
The azure vault ; — qubba'i zarbaft, A star-
light night ; — qabba'i zarin, The sun ; the
dawn; — qnbba'i 'ulyd (gardanda), The fir-
mament; — qubba'i falak, The ninth heaven.

a j\j n~fi qubha-dar, }\ } qubbawar,
Convex.

a f-t*i qabih, Deformed, ugly ; shameful,
vile, detestable, abominable ; tip of the

Jatj ( 955 ) W

To put to death, slay, slaughter, massacre ;]
— qitl, An enemy, adversary ; a companion,
equal, peer, friend, kinsman ; a vital part ;
\_qitlu sharr, One up to mischief ;] — qutl,
qutul (pi. of qatul). Sanguinary, murderous
(men).

a 4US qitlat (v.n. of J**), Killing; a
mode of killing; — qatala (pi. of qdlil).
Slayers, murderers.

a qatl-gdh (<^ gah), A place of exe-
cution ; the seat of carnage.

qatla, A slice (comp. E. cutlet).

a Jslsi qatla (pi. of qatil), Slain ; — qatil,
A murderer ; meriting death.

a qatw (v.n,), Serving well (a domes-
tic) ; serving a king.

a qatubat, qatiiba, Saddled with the
small saddle qatab (she-camel).

A qatwat, Detraction, Blander, whis-
pering.

a uujai qatut, A spy, scout, listener, an
eaves- dropper, sycophant.

a jytf qutUd (pi. of qatad), Timbers of
camel's saddles; (pi. of qat&d) tragacanth-
trees.

Ajyii qatur, Avaricious, parsimonious,
stingy (to one's household) ; — qutur (v.n.
of /a), Being parsimonious in housekeep-
ing; emitting a flavour or effluvia (see

a gy* qutu' (v.n. of £*•), Being mean,
base, abject.

a Jytf qaiul, Sanguinary, murderous.

A qutum (V.n. of ^d"), Being raised
(dust).

a s-~^* 5aii&, Name of an Arab nobleman,
father of Nasr, a contemporary of Mahmud
Ghaznawi.

A qutaibat (dim. of qitbat), A small
intestine ; name of a tribe.

a qaMr, The heads of nails used in
fastening coats of mail; hoariness, or the
beginning of it.

a qutairat, Name of the father of a
tribe.

a J*j* qatil, Killed, murdered, slain (man
or woman).

a iiaxi qatllat, qatila, (A woman) killed
or beheaded.

a qatm, (A man or woman) who
has little food ; one who eats but little ;
the tick (insect infesting cattle).

a qasd, Eating a crisp thing (as cu-
cumbers) ; — qisd', qusa', A cucumber ; —
qassa', A possessor of cucumbers ; — qissd',
A cucumber ; — qissd' u 'l-asaf, Caper-cu-
cumber; — qissd 'u l-kimdr, Wild cucumber.

a qasdm, The female hyena ; much
spoil, plenty of booty ; a maid-servant.

a qasd (v.n.), Eating of the plant
qasad, which resembles a cucumber.

a qus', A cornet, trumpet ; a blister
or pimple on the body.

A pit qasm (v.n.), Giving away a consi-

derable part (of one's property) ; — qasam
(v.n.), Being defiled with dung; — qusam,
Liberal, generous ; plenty of booty ; fine
clothes ; good things ; a male hyena ; name
of a son of 'Abbas.

a qusmat (v.n. of Being denied
with dung; dust; ash-colour; defilement
with dung.

E» qvj, jji quoh, A horned fighting ram.

)4 quj-baz, ^ quch-bdz, Who makes
rams fight or keeps fighting rams.

jVyi quchckaq, Powerful (= VMj? q.v.);
health ; stout, fat (=jV and qq..v.).

_>V2y> quchqar, A ram.

<Asr» qachak, qichuk, A kind of musical
instrument (see ^sW 5 p. 881).

Jj^i qachal, A magpie.

a qtihh, True, real, genuine, unsophis-
ticated, unblemished (used in a good or in
an ironical sense) ; rough, brutal, oppressive
(man) ; unripe and full of pulp (pumpkin).

a <tA*S qihdb (pi. of qahbat); Whores ; —
quhab (v.n. of s-j*>), Coughing ; the dry
cough (of horses, camels, and also of men).

A qahdhat (v. v. of £J), Being pure

and unmixed ; being unripe (pumpkin) ;
being fat and full of marrow.

a jWi quhdz, A disease incident to sheep ;
a cough amongst camels.

a Sj^jfci quhhdzat, A snare for catching
birds.

a «J^a»> qihdf (v.n. of <-A*i), Drinking
much ; drinking out of wooden bowls ;
wine ; [al-yauni qihdf wa qadd nihaf,
Drinking to-day, and breaking of pates to-
morrow ;] — quhdf, An irresistible current
(cf. juhaf, p. 356, and <-»Ui below).

a JVa»3 quhdl, The drying of a sheep's
gums.

A qahdmat, Great age ; decrepitude.

i v»i qahb (v.n. of v»*J>), Coughing;
aged; taken with a fit of coughing.

a o^^fci qahbagdn (P. pi. of qaftba),
Prostitutes.

a qahbagi, Whoredom, prostitu-

tion.

a s^S qahba, A whore, courtesan, prosti-
tute (from " cough " because attract-
ing attention by a cough or hem) ; an old
woman (subjected to cough) ; — qakba'irdy-
gdn, A strumpet picked up in the street, a
common harlot.

ailli <Ua,i qahba-khdna, A brothel.

a ;*> qahr, Decrepit old man ; aged
(camel).

a j«J qahz (v.n.), Leaping, springing;
being restless ; wavering, tottering ; strik-
ing (with a stick) ; throwing prostrate,

a yoaJi qahs (v.n.), Passing by swiftly,
running ; sweeping (a house) ; striking
with the feet, kicking.

a qaht (v.n.), Being withheld, failing
(rain) ; drought, dearth, failure of the
crops, scarcity ; penury, hunger, starvation.

( 956 )

want, famine ; a hard blow ; [qakti rijdl,
A scarcity of men ; — qaht u td'un, Famine
and pestilence ;]— quht, A kind of plant ; —
qahat (v.n.}, Being withheld, failing (rain) ;
experiencing drought; — qahit, Severe (blow,
year).

_A y^asi qahtan. Name of the son of
'Amir, son of" Salikh, father of a tribe ;
name of a man called the father of Yaman
(1 Chron. i. 17-20) ; name of a desert.
_ a qaht-dbdd, A place where scar-

city, Ac. prevails.

a ^ji^Wi qahtanl, Of the tribe of Qahtan.

a s^-j Uasi qaht-rasida, Visited by dearth.

a j\j k*J qaht-zilr, =S^\ q.v.

a »J} la*i qaht-zada, Famine-stricken ;
starving, famished ; dead from starvation ;
a starveling ; a glutton.

a JU. t^hi qaht-sal, A year of dearth.

a qaht-sall, Dearth, failure of

harvest ; starvation .

a yU-Jsaji qahtietan, = *i\t\ k*J q.v.

a >*!UWi qahfndk, Barren, unproductive.

a (Jo** qahtl, A starveling ; a glutton
(causer of scarcity).

a <-4<bi qahf (v.n.), Wounding, cutting,
or breaking (the skull) ; draining the con-
tents of a cup, drinking all up, especially
emptying a wooden bowl (comp. Engl, quaff
derived from Gael, quack ,l cup," and re-
member the affinity between skull and cup,
not only in shape, but the former by war-
like nations being frequently used for the
latter); — qihf. The skull; a wooden cup
resembling it in shape ; — quhf (pi. of qalrif),
Eruptiers of cups or bowls.

a &*i qihf at (pi. of qihf), Skulls.

A i*ia»i qahqahat (v.n. of £*»>*), Laugh-
ing loudly ; the laugh, chatter, or grin of
an ape, gibberish.

A J**i qahl, qahal (v.n.), Being shrivelled
(the skin); — qihl (?), qahil, An old man,
dry-skinned, and worn out with age ; —
qahal (v.n.), Being dry-skinned (an old
man).

a fv^J qakm (v.n.), Crossing (deserts) ;
approaching ; decrepit, shrivelled (old man) ;
— quham, The three last days of a month ;
(pi. of quhmat) perils (of the way), dangers ;
law-suits,

a qahmat, Great old age (of a camel) ;
— quhmat, Peril, danger, difficulty ; a law-
Buit ; the hardship of a dry, barren season,
which forces people to emigrate.

a y\j*j> quhwan, Anthemis, camomile.

a &*-fa*i qukuhat, = ^Is** q.v. above.

a jj*j> quhur (pi. of qahr). Decrepit (old
men) ; aged (camels).

a quhurat, Old age (in camels) with
some remains of strength.

a )y«r» quhuz (v.n. of >*j), Falling down
as dead ; throwing an arrow so as to fall
short.

At)*j qtihtlt (v.n. of 1°**), Being with -

(rain) ;

suffering from

held, failing
drought.

a qutef(p\. of qihf), Skulls ; ladles ;
bowls.

a J^as* quhul (v.n. of J**), Becoming
dry, withered (skin upon the bone),
j a quhum (v.n. of (♦**), Attacking
rashly, entering upon with precipitation.
a quhumat, Infirmities of old age.
a W qahit, Severe (blow) ; scarce
(year) .

a •»* qad, Certainly, doubtless, already ;
sufficiently ; sometimes, now and then.

a qadd (v.n.), Tearing (a garment)
lengthwise ; cutting up by the roots ; tra-
versing (a desert) ; interrupting, breaking
short (a discourse) ; a lash, a scourge; the
scanning of a verse ; the dividing any-
thing with propriety ; a quantity, part ; a
fissure, split, crack, crevice ; a kid's or
lamb's skin ; in P. mostly qad, stature,
figure ; [qadi ddani, Of the height of a
man ; a fathom of ; — qadi alif ohii mim
Jcardan, To hang the head in a contempla-
tive posture ; — qadi lajaivardi. The sky ; —
qadi maryam, A kind of house-leek ; — qad
u qdmat, Size and stature ; build ;] — qidd,
A leather strap or thong cut from an un-
tanned hide ; a vessel made of leather ; a
lash, a scourge ; people who on every occa-
sion follow their own bent or inclination ;
— qudd, A kind of sea-fish.

a qiddh (pi. of qidh), Arrows ere
they have received heads or wings ; — qad-
ddh, A fire-steel, or fire-striking wood; a
potter, a mater of glass-ware ; a maker of
arrows ; the extremities of young, tender
plants.

a Wjj qiddhat, Potter's or glass-blower's
trade.

a >>\±i qaddd, A hedgehog, an urchin ; a
field-mouse ; — qiddd (pi. of qadd), Kid-
skins ; human statures ; — quddd, The belly-
ache, gripes.

Aj^ qiddr (v.n. 3 of j^i), Doing exactly
as another does.

a S^aS qaddrat (v.n. of _>■**), Power,
strength ; — qadddra, A two-edged sword
(m.c).

a (j-l-ii qudds, A string of silver beads, a
rosary ; a stone placed at the spot where
water is poured into a cistern ; a stone
placed in a cistern for measuring out water
equally amongst camels; name of a man ;
— qaddda, A stone placed at the spot where
water is poured into a cistern ;■ — quddds,
The catholic mass ; the consecrated wafer,
the host.

a pUi quddtn, Name of a horse ;■ — qud&m,
Old, ancient ; anterior, prior ; mad, crazy ;
— qadddm, A king, prince, leader; — qudddm,
Anterior, prior ; the front, projecting part ;
a king, prince, leader ; before ; people re-
turning from a journey; — qudddmu 'l-bab,

1jJ>

( 957 )

A portico ; — qvdddmi 'askar, The front or
first line of an army ; — quddam w Malaf,
First and last.

a MaJ qaddmat (v.n. of Preceding
in point of time, being prior, ancient, eter-
nal ; age ; seniority ; length of service ;
prescription ; excellence, worthiness ; — qa-
dama, (In the dialect of Isfahan) Mallows
(see

a Jj-Ui qtiddmd, The advanced guard of
an array ; (pi. of qadim) ancient ; (pi. of
qddimat) quill-feathers.

a j/[ ■a qad-dwar, Tall of stature.

A ff\£i qada'im, (pi. of qaduiti) Hatchets ;
(pi. of qadimat) ancient (things).

a qiddat, A thong ; a scattered mul-
titude going different ways, each following
a plan of his own.

A e-* 5 qadh (v.n.), BeviJing, reproaching,
cursing, anathematizing; striking fire;
taking (broth) out of a pot with a ladle ;
corroding the teeth (caries) ; clearing the
eye from impure matter ; sinking in the
socket (eye) ; cleaving the shaft of an arrow
to fix in the head ; refuting ; reproach,
malediction, satire, lampoon, ridicule ; re-
futation; [radd, u qadh, Altercation, wran-
gling ; argument, debate ;] — qidh, An arrow
before being feathered and provided with
a head; an arrow employed in drawing lots
or gambling ; — qadah, A cup, goblet, glass,
bowl ; any drinking vessel (especially of a
larger size) sufficient for two persons (con-
strued with the verbs dshdmidan, paimudan,
chasMdan, khwurdan, zadan, leaskidan, no-
shidan, <fec.) ; a black corrosion of the teeth;
also of a tree ; a crack in wood ; — zarrin-
qadah, The narcissus.

a p\*>\ £Ji qadah-dshdm (tsWi paimdy),
A drainer of the cup.

a qadhat, One stroke of the fire-
steel ; — qidhat, A striking of fire ; the
management of an affair ; — qudhat, A sup
of broth.

a jU cjJ qadah-sde, A maker of cups.

a ^i^a qadah-hdr, A cup-bearer.

a <J*£ qadah-kash (v^y rwsh), A

drainer of the cup.

a t, \i * t jS qad-hhotmida, Bent in stature.

a qidad (pi. of qiddat), Slips or
strips of leather, thongs ; scattered multi-
tudes.

a ;U as qad-ddr, Of a fine stature.

AjJi qadr (v.n.), Making great, magni-
fying, honouring; measuring, determining;
comparing one thing with another ; mea-
suring out; confining, reducing; appoint-
ing, predestinating; cooking in a pot (qidk) ;
gize, dimension, measure ; whatever is fixed
or ordained by God ; fate ; divine provi-
dence; worth, value, price; power, rank,
dignity ; affluence, opulence ; construed
with dwardan, burdan, ddshtan, ddnistan,
thikastan, shindkjitan, &c. ; [shabi qadr,

The night of power, the night the Qur'an
was sent down (see lailatu 'l-qadr under
&J) ; — zu 'l-qadr, Possessed of power, high
in station ; — 'azimu 'l-qadr, Of exalted
rank ;] — qidr, A cauldron, pot, kettle ; cer-
tain stars disposed in a circle j — qudr,
Quantity, price, worth, value; — qadar (v.n.),
Measuring ; preordaining j a decree, man-
date, judgment; whatever is fixed, decreed,
and commanded by God ; power ; the power
of directing one's own actions ; quantity,
price, value ; shortness of neck ; [qadar
budan, To be equal ; — qadar kardan, To
equalize, to render equal ; — in qadar, So
much, this quantity ; — chi qadar, How
much? what quantity? — qazd u qadar,
Pate and the divine decree ;] — qudar (pi. of
qudrat), Powers, <fcc.

a ^j^* qadrd, A well-proportioned ear,
neither too large nor too small,

a t>^Ji qidrdn (v.n. of j-**), Being able ;
power, ability.

a qadr-anddz, An excellent archer.

a tj^. qadr-bahhsh, Conferring dig-
nity ; the source of dignity, fountain of
honour.

a qudrai (v.n. of ;JJ), Being able ;
power, ability, potency ; prowess, courage,
audacity; one of the attributes of God,
omnipotence, providence, prescience ; the
creation, universe, nature ; destiny ; so
much ; [qudrat ddshtan, To be powerful ; —
qudrati mwndna'at, Power of repression
(m.c.) ; — zu qudrat, Powerful ;J — qadarat,
A small flask, decanter, bottle ; the distance
at which palm-trees are planted apart.

a i^ijAi qudrat- halwd, The manna of
the Israelites.

a t^j^ qudrati, Of omnipotence, divine ;
not produced by man ; natural, constitu-
tional, innate, instinctive.

a s->^ u^jAi qudrat-ydb, Who finds the
power.

a kiS>) o^Jj* qudrati-rang, White ; natural
colour (not dyed).

a uuUV ^jjji qudrati- 1 aldmal, Natural
features, phenomena.

a o^- jJJi qadar -khan, Title of the emperor
of China and the Sing of Samarqand.

a <jW jAi qadr-ddn, A just appreciator,
one who knows the worth (of men or
things).

a jJj qadr-dclni, Due regard to the
worth of, just appreciation of merit ; power
or faculty of appreciation ; patronage,
favour.

a ^Ai qadr-shinds, Acquainted with
the value or quality (of persons or things).

<-*j^» qadraf, Name of a city.

qadraf l, Name of a gold coin struck
in Qadraf.

uyjjj qadar-qudrat, Powerful as fate.

4i ^* J** qadar-mdya, A little ; a quantity.

a qadrl, A certain order of dervishes;

( 958 )

whatever is predestined; name of a cele-
brated author ; — qadare, A little, small
quantity ; somewhat ; — qadari, One who
maintains the doctrine of free-will (opp. to
jabarl " predestinarian ").

a hj^* qadarlyat, qadar'iya, Name of a
Muhatnmadan sect which holds the doc-
trine of free-will (the opposite of jabarlyat,
which denies the freedom of the human
will).

a yj Ji qad-zan, A bone for nibbing pens
on.

a yi* quds (v.n.), Being holy, pure; —
qtids, qvdus, Sanctity, holiness ; paradise ;
Jeruealem (also called qudsi shartf (mu-
bdrak) ; the angel Gabriel ; name of a
mountain in Najd ; [qudsi abyaz, qudsi
aswad, Names of two mountains ; — haziraiii
'l-quds, The holy fold, i e. Paradise ; — ruhu
'l-quds, The Holy Spirit ; the angel Gabriel;]
— qadas,A two-handed vessel used in baths;
name of a town near Hims or Emessa ; —
qudas, qudui, A cup ; — qaddasa (3rd. sing,
pret. of the second conj. used optatively),
May He bless ! — qudista (pass, of the pre-
ceding), May he or it be blessed ! — quddisa
sirru-hu, May his grave be hallowed !
(speaking of a departed king or great man).

a >j qudsi, Holy, divine ; ' celestial ;
belouging to Paradise or Jerusalem; the
angel Gabriel.

a (jjU—vi qudsiydn (P. pi. of the preced-
ing), Angels, holy intelligences.

a &-_Ai qudsiya (fem. of qudsi), Holy.

a £jJ qad' (v.n.), Prohibiting, hindering,
diverting (one) from anything; checking,
reining in (a horse) ; — qada' (v.n.), Being
weak (the eyes) ; being bashful and of few
words (woman) ; approaching or being near
(year) ; being weak-sighted and sbyiug
(hoi'Be) ; — qadi', Timid, frightened (horse
that sees badly and shies) ; wailing pite-
ously ; brackish, undrinkable.

t £jj qudu'. The colt of an ass.

a qid'at, A short tunic; — qadi'at, (A
woman) bashful and sparing of speech.

qadgk, A drinking-vessel made of

horn.

t i^*Ju> qadagkan, Corroboration, stress ;
seeking, inquiring, solicitude, care ; an
order, command (m.c).

t u^iijui qadag&anji. An apparitor, ser-
geant, summoner.

i-JJj qadf, The root of the palm-tree.

os).ii qadak, A coloured cloth or garment
not of silk.

a ( _ 5 ^£ qad-lcashi, Tallness and erect-
ness of stature.

a jj qad-kashida, Erect of stature,

upright.

a qadm {v.n.), Preceding, going be-
fore ; being prior in point of time, place,
or degree ; being bold and intrepid ; a red
garment ; — qidm, Antiquity, a former age,

ancient times; — qudm (v.n-)> Preceding,
going before, being anterior to ; bold, au-
dacious ; — qadam, A foot ; a footstep, track,
trace ; a foot's length ; step, pace ; merit,
pre-excellence ; bold, heroic ; very meri-
torious ; [qadam az jan bar dwardan, To bid
adieu to life ; — qadam az rah kashidan, To lag
behind in a journey ; — qadam az sar sdkhtan.
To proceed, set out, or go away ; — qadam
afshurdan, To keep a firm footing ; — qadam
ba-qadam, Step by step, gently ; — qadam bar
tariki (sari) chize zadan (nihadan), To tread
down ; to abandon ; — qadami hhdk, The
ground ; — qadami ddshtan, To keep a firm
footing ; — qadam dar miydni du kas guzdsh-
tan, To intercede between two persons ; —
qadam-rd gul-bdng zadan, To walk rapidly,
to hasten ; — qadam ranja kardan (namudan),
To take the trouble to come; to go, inarch,
step ; — qadam zadan (sanjldan, Sudan), To
travel along ; — qadami sharlf, A relic ; —
qadam shumarda nihadan, To walk with
measured (lit. counted) steps, to travel cau-
tiously ; — qadam kashidan (gushddan),—
qadam zadan above; — qadami mubdrak, A
stone on which the foot of Muhammad is
said to be impressed, and therefore greatly
venerated ; — sdbit-qadam, Constant, firm,
solid, immoveable ; — dar qadam bdshim,
Let us set to work, let us perform our
service ; — dar qadam ddshtan, To have
a travelling companion ', — dar qadam
kashidan chize, To place (a thing) at
the feet ; to put under the feet ; — dar
qadam giriftan, To take a travelling com-
panion ; — waz'i qadam kardan, To en-
ter, step in ;] — qadim, Bold, courageous,
taking the lead in battle ; rough, atony
(ground); — qidam (v.n.), Preceding in
point of time, being ancient, eternal ; a
going before ; age ; antiquity, olden time ;
— qudam, Name of a place in Taman,
where cloths are made ; — qudam, Prece-
dence ; effect or consequence of an act ; an
intrepid man, excelling in courage ; the
fore part, before ; (pi. of qddim) comers
off a journey ; (pi. of qadum) hatchets.

a "Ujj qidm-an, Formerly, of old ; it is
long that ; — qudamd' (pi. of qadim), The
ancients; excellent (men).

a aUji qidm&n, A coming (off a jour-
ney).

a jV qadam-bdz, Fleet, nimble-footed.

a qadam-bos, Kissing the feet,

making an obeisance.

a ^j-j-^Jj qadam • bosi, Foot - kissing ;
touching the feet of the person respectfully
approached with the right hiind, and then
kissing the latter ; respectful salutation ;
obeisance.

A qudmat (v.n. of f-"), Walking
pompously, stately, or gracefully ; a pomp-
ous, graceful, or stately carriage ; prece-
dence ; intrepidity ; a footstep, track, trace ;

( 960 ) \?

A qaz' (v.n.), Reproaching, reviling,
traducing, cursing ; talking obscenely ;
striking with a stick; — qaza/, Obscenity,
ribaldry, turpitude, impurity, filthiness.

a J**AS quza'mal, fern. tU^ii quza'malat,
quza'mala, Bulky, fat (camel) ; short, vile,
base ; — quga'mala, Somewhat, anything ;
weakness.

A <*J& qaz? (v.n.), Reviling, criminating,
convicting, impeaching, reproaching, cen-
suring ; accusin g (a virtuous woman) of
incontinence ; pelting with stones ; rowing
(a boat) ; vomiting ; — kazaf, kuzuf, A dis-
tant abode or station ; a man who throws
at a great distance ; one who forms far-
reaching projects ; a vast desert ; — huzaf
(pi. of the following), Battlements.

a quzfat. Summit of a mountain,
battlement, turret.

a qazl (v.n.), Striking (a horse) on
the back part of the head called qazal ;
accusing, reproaching; striving, straining
every nerve ; injustice, violence; — qazal, A
vice, fault, defect; — quzul (pi. of qazal),
Back parts of the head. '

a qnzmur, A silver table or tray.

AjjiS qazur, (A woman) abhorring all
impurity, and keeping at a distance from
men ; (a she-camel) avoiding the males ; a
misanthrope, one who shuns society.

A i-Jyii qazuf, Par-distant (dwelling) ;
weary (waste) ; wide (desert).

a qazy (v.n.), Coming, arriving;
casting forth a mote (eye) ; — qazd (v.n.),
Being annoyed by a mote falling into the
eye; a chip, straw, or mote swimming on
water or paining the eye ; — qaziy, qazl,
Troubled with a mote in the eye ; — qiza,
Pounded, pulverized earth ; — quziy (v.n. of
Casting forth a mote; (pi. of qiza)
pounded, pulverized earths.

a t}l>.Xi qazaydn (v.n, of tS-^*), Having a
mote fallen into it (the eye) ; casting forth
a mote (the same).

a ijii qaziyat, qaziy a, (An eye) troubled
with a mote in it.

a <JbAi qazlf, Very remote (halting-place
or habitation); a cloud rising up before
the eve.

A qazifat, Anything thrown or

darted ; anything that brings suspicion or
reproach.

ji qir, qirr (proh. tor A, -if qifd), An ape,
monkey, baboon ; — qirr dadan, To coquette
about, sway the body as in a dance (ui.e.).

Ay qarr (v.d.). Drinking for the first
time, but not to repletion (a camel) ; re-
maining firm, stationary, resting (in any
place) ; being affected by cold ; pouring
water into a boiling pot to still it ; pouring
words into another's ear, i.e. whispering or
communicating a secret ; a kind of saddle ;
the camel-litter hauda; [qarru 's-saub, A
creaBe or fold in a garment; — qarri 'ain,

Coldness (or liveliness) of eye ; — yaumu 'I-
qarr, The eleventh of zu 'l-hijja, the day
after a great solemnity at Mecca, when
people repose either in the valley of Mina
or at home after the performance of the
sacrifices and other ceremonies ;] — qurr,
Cold ; coldness ; a place of rest, mansion of
repose.

>V q ar ' (v.n. of *\jS), Beading; being
with foal (a camel) ; — qar\ qur\ Oatame-
nia ; purifications, or the period when they
are over ; time, season ; a similar ending
of verses in a poem.

\r» qir a, A machine for hurling stones or
dirt.

t \f qard. Black (see Sj*).

a *\jJ qara' (v.n.), Being kind, receiving
hospitably ; gathering, collecting ; being
with foal (camel) ; reading a book ; — qird'
(v.n. 3 of Teaching to read, practis-
ing; — qarrd' One who reads well; — qurra",
A holy and devoted man, given to sacred
reading (pi. of qdri'), Readers of the
Qur'an.

a E»y qira'at (v.n. of c \ji), Reading the
Qur'an ; a proper manner of reading the
Qur'an, a correct pronunciation ; — qira'at
kardan, To read ; — 'ilmi qira'at, Skill in
reading (particularly the Qur'an with a
solemn tone).

A s^j* qardb, Near ; [bi-qardb-in (6a-
qarab), Shortly;] — qvrdb (v.n. 3 of vj 5 ),
Drawing near, approaching ; lifting the leg
(for coitus) ; avoiding excess and aiming
at what is right and just ; a 9word-sheath ;
a case in which a sword or its sheath is
put; (pi. of qarbdri) nearly full (vessels) ;
— qirdb, qurdb, Anything almost full, or
any business nearly accomplished ; — qurab,
Sagacity, penetration, judgment.

a u«My> qardbdt, Kinsmen, relations.

a qardbddin, <iW\r* qardbdzin,

Compound medicines ; antidotes ; an anti-
dote ; pharmacopoeia.

t qardbdgA, Name of a tract of

country on the Black Sea.

A i^y qardbat (v.n. of vy i )> Becoming
near ; propinquity, nearness ; affinity, con-
nexion, relationship, consanguinity, alliance ■
[qardbati qariba (nasablya), Near relation-
ship ;] — qirdbat (v.n. of sy)> Going to a
watering-place a night's journey distant ;
an approach to fulness ; — qurdbat, qurdba,
One who comes near ; anything almost full,
or any business almost accomplished ; nigh,
near; sagacity, penetration; like, resem-
bling ; a relation ; — qarrabat, in. P. qardba,
A large flagon or vessel having two bandies
and a spout (made of glass, in which wine
is left standing forty days in order to refiue) ;
— qardba' i sarin, The sun.

a j\j us-fty qardbat-ddr, A relation by
blood or marriage, a relative, kinsman,
family connection.

( 961 )

a ^wy" qardbaUddri, Relationship,
&c.

* u^V jardftaij, Related, connected,
akin ; consanguineous ; a relative, &c. (=
jta q.r.

l*jy" qardbugid,^^^ qarabugkrdr,\jb\f
qardbuqrd, A war-engine (comp. y" qird).

a gwdfos (pi. of qarbug), Saddle-

bows.

t^rfl/ qardbin, A carbine (m.c. from Fr.).

A t?*»y" gardbm (pi. of qurbdn), Sacri-
fices, victims ; intimate associates of a
king.^

A S^vi qir'at, = Spy" q.v; — qara'at, qara'a
(pi. of qar'i), Readers, particularly of the
Qnr'an.

u»y" qwrat, A etrip of cloth.

t fib y qara-tatar, Tbe black Tartars.

T t>*^» \)» qard-takln, Name of a Turk,

t \j» qarataMni, A column called
after Qaratakin; a tribe descending from
the same. (See preceding article.)

a »l»ljj> qardsd', An excellent sort of date.
ga-racAar, Name of a paternal
cousin of Genghis-Khan, and grandfather
of Timur.

jft^j* qarnchur, A long sword ; a swords-
man.

t5M*V (Z'wScfcMrt, A swordsman ; a sword.

T ^y qardchi, A gipsy (m.c.).

a cV q&rah, A sown field destitute of
trees and buildings; land especially appro-
priated for sowing and planting; (water)
cold, sweet, limpid, unmixed with anything ;
anything pure ; — qirdh (v.n. 3 of ry), Meet-
ing face to face ; (pi. of qdrih) mature, full-
aged (horses).

a o^->=-V qur&hiyatdn (du.), The hypo-
chondria.

t>U.y" qarakhan, Name of a king of India
contemporary with Alexander; name of
one of Afrasyab's champions.

(^^jus^y qarakhiin, Quarantine (m.c).

a qurdd, The tick, a parasitical insect
infeBting dogs, camels, or cattle ; a nipple
or dug ; the orifice of a horse's yard.

qarrdd, A keeper or trainer of
monkeys.

a ;y* qardr (v.n. of y), Dwelling, fixing
one's abode in any place ; constancy, firm-
ness, stability ; a safe abode, an undisturbed
resting-place ; reBt, tranquillity, repose ;
conclnsion, termination ; ratification, agree-
ment, engagement ; certainty, truth, reality ;
patience; steadiness, dignified behaviour,
gravity ; — qardr dtidan, To fix, to establish
(m.c.) ; — qardr dashtan,To acquire stability;
to be confirmed, sebtled, ratified; — qardri
qat'i, A peremptory resolution ;■ — qariir kar-
dan. To conclude, confirm, ratify; to resolve;
to establish (m.c.) ; — qardr giriftan, To be
still aud quiet ; to be firm or steady; (the
word is further construed with the verbs
uftddan, dwardan, bnrdan, bastan, mdan,

situdan, &c. ;) — qardri waqi ( , Completely,
entirely ; — qardr u maddr, Promise and
agreement ;■ — az In qardr, Of this descrip-
tion, as follows, the following (m.c) ; — bar
qardr, Firm, established ; — bar qardri mbiq,
According to previous agreement or dis-
position ; — bar qardr shudan, To be or re-
main firm, unshaken ; — -6a?- qardr kardan, To
confirm, strengthen ;—jannat-qarar, Whose
abode is (or will be) paradise ;—dozak&-
qardr, A hell-hound, firebrand, infernal
villain. (See kuffdri doza&&.-qardr, under

a ijljf qar&rat, qurdrat, Cold water poured
into a pot to prevent it from being burned.

a qarar-ddd, Possessed of firm-

ness, i.e. established, confirmed, ratified ;
an engagement, contract, agreement; a
prescription ; — sulhi qarar-ddd, A peace
concluded and ratified.

a qardr-ddda, Confirmed, esta-

blished.

a )\<i jt/ qardr-ddr, Established, fixed,
consolidated ; lasting.

ft u** ;V qardr-kamt, Decrease in rent of
laud.

a s\S jVjJf qardr-gah, A mansion, quiet
place of residence ;-— qarar-gdhi nutfa, The
womb ; fundus uteri,

« j V qardr-giri, Quiet, peace, secu-
rity.

a qardr-ndma, A written agree-

ment, a contract (m.c).

« (j**^ j\>* qardr-wdqi'i, Definitively ;
positively ; effectually, efficaciously ; truly,
accurately, correctly, in proper manner.

A "tSjV qardri', Persons devoted to sacred
reading, especially the Qur'an ; — qardri,
Firm, stable, ratified, agreed to ; a citizen
who does not leave home ; any tradesman
or mechanic.

a Vsjljl qardrit, Seed of tamarind ; (pi. of
qirctt) half-dangs (name of a coin).

i qardsunqur, Name of a bird of

prey of a black colour ; night ; name of a
king.

t y»\jj> qarattu, (black-water) A river near
Khwarazm.

t y" qard'Siirdn, tyy \f qard-suran,
Leader of an escort for the protection of
caravans ; escort for the mail ; a sentinel.

W~y~ qardsiyd, *e~y" qardeiya, A cherry.

\J^y> qurdsh, A fever in which the hair
stands on end.

qurdska, = v^r 5 q.v,

a qurrds, Anthemis, camomile, es-
pecially the dry flowers ; the plant wars.

a U*Yji qardsiyd, A cherry ; — qardsiyd'i
hulv, The sweet cherry ; — qardsiyd'i hdmiz,
The morel-cherry.

A ijty qirds (v.n. S of y*y"), Repaying 1 ,
requiting (good or bad) ; going partner-
ship, and trading with another's capital ;

\j> ( 962

challenging one to dispute, especially in
▼erse ; debt.

a w^yi quraza, What falls off in filing ;
filings ; a fragment, small particle (of gold
or silver) .

A Uji qirdt, A light, lamp, or the flame
thereof ; snuff of a candle or lamp-match
(pi. of qurt) ear-rings ; — qirrdt, A carat,
the 24th part of an ounce.

L^A^l)^ q&fdtdr^uyin (Gr, upwraioyavov),
Name of a plant.

a Mji qarrdz, A vendor of salam -leaves.

a £\y> qird' (v.n, of y), Covering ; draw-
ing lots ; striking with the sword ; — qarrd',
Hard, firm.

T \J>»& \j* qard-gAiii-sh, A sparrow-hawk.

a <-»fji qirdf (v.n. 3 of <-V), Having to do
(with one's wife) ; staining oneself with
vice.

qardfa, Name of a city where the
Imam Shaf'i is buried ; also of a place in
Alexandria.

a ji\f qardqar, Grumbling of the bowels
(borborygmi) ; noise, tumult, hubbub ; —
qurdqir, Melodious (applied to camel-drivers
who sing to their beasts).

t \y> qurd-qurut, Black curds.

t ^>y» \j* qard-queh A sparrow-hawk
(m.c).

t f)i \jl qard-qiim, (black-dust) Name of
the residence town of Gen gis Khan in Mon-
golia (so called because situated in a tract
abounding in black dust.

T qrdl, qirdl, (Sclav.) A king ; a
chief.

A p\y qirdm, A painted or embroidered
veil or curtain ; a garment of coloured or
figured stuff.

t sijiS \y> qard-gulula, A black grain pre-
pared from the ingredients of tberiac.

A £U*ljS qardmitat (pi, of qwrmati), Mem-
bers of a certain sect.

a J-lj* qardmil, Camels with two
humpB.

a J**\^ qardmld (pi. of qirmid), Bricks ;
tiles.

a y\^> qrdn (for s'lhib-qirdn), Name of a
silver coin, the tenth part of a gold toman,
now about equal to teapeiice.

a yfyi qur'an, in P. qurdn (v.n. of *^y>),
Gathering together, collecting; reading;
the Qur'an ; — qur'dni sharif X'azlm), The
great, the noble book ; — qurdn firo-khwur-
dan, To swear on the Qur'an ; — qurdni
muzahhab, A Qur'an adorned with gold.

A t)\y> qirdn (v.n. of oj*)* Being in a
transition state from green to moist (a
date) ; (v.n. 3 of pj») living together; being
intimate; being in conjunction (to stars) ;
combining hajj and 'umrah, the greater and
lesser pilgrimage; a pair of arrows matched ;
a rope joining camels or oxen to a plough ;
a period of time (10, 20, 30, 40, 80, or 120
years) ; the time of departing this life,

)

(pi. of qam) small hills

death, decease ;

summits of mountains ; [girdni a'gam, The
greatest conjunction (in astrology) ; — qir&ni
m'dain, Conjunction of the two beneficent
planets (Jupiter and Venus); — qirdn gu-
zardndan, To free oneself or escape from
calamities; — qirdn guzasht, The time of
calamity is over ; — qirdni nafwain, Conjunc-
tion of the two malignant planets (Saturn
and Mars) ; — sdhib-qardn, vulg, sapqrdn,
A silver coin worth the tenth of a gold
toman (see also <^~aXo , p. 7?8, and a. yty
above) ;] — qarran, A flask or decanter.

(^sJ\ji qardntin, Quarantine (m.c. from
Fr. or E.).

a qurdn-khwdn, \y y\f qurdn-

earn, A reader of the Qur'an; cashiered,
dismissed from a post or office.

a qurdnd, Associated, nearly allied ;
— qur'dni, Coranic.

a X- qur'dni-mulld, A Muslim law-
officer who administers oaths on the Qur'an ;
one whose business it is to read the Qur'an
for forty days at the house of a deceased
person.

a qardniyd, Cornel- tree ; sorb-apple,
a ( _ r X 4 i\ ; i quranltue, Phrenitis, inflamma-
tion of the brain.

t Jj\y> qardwul, A sentinel, watchman,
spy, guard ; the vanguard ; a game-keeper,
a hunter (m.c.) ; sight of a gun ; — qardwul
raftan, To take aim at (m.c.) ; — qardwul
kardan, To mount guard.

t AiWfci^ji qardwul-hhdna, Guard-house,
sentry-box (m.c),

LT^lr' qardwull, A skirmish, running
fight ; the duty of acting as scouts and
sentinels to a camp, out-post duty (m.c).

a qarrd'un (pi. of qarrd'), Keaders
of the Qur'an; — qurrd'un (pi. of qwrrd'),
Addicted to sacred reading.

a qurrdwi, Belonging to a reader.
a <±&f qarL'is (pi. of qarlsd'), Excellent
sorts of dates.

a yU»lJ» v*^« qardyi sdhib tailasdn,
The planet Jupiter ; the planet Saturn.

a (jJV^l^t J;i qardyi tailasdni, The planet
Saturn.

a yflj* qard'in, (pi. of qarina), Connec-
tions ; conditions ; circumstances ; pre-
sumptions, conjectures; the context; —
duri qard'in, Houses facing each other.

A sjy> qarb (v.n.), Putting a sword into
the scabbard, or into a case, wherein both
are kept ; making a scabbard or a case for
scabbard and sword ; — qurb (v.n.), Drawing
near, approaching ; neighbourhood, pro-
pinquity, nearness ; relationship, kindred ;
name of a place ; [qtirbi du sari kamdn, A
nearness like that of the two ends of a bow ;
— qurbujawdr, Vicinity, close neighbour-
hood, environs, suburbs; — bd-qurb, Near;]
— qurb, qurub, The hypochondria; — qarab
(v.n.), Complaining of a pain in the hypo-

( 963 )

ohondria; a nocturnal journey towards
water ; a well whose water is near the top ;
relationship ; — qirab (pi. of qirbat), Large
leathern milk-bags.

^/ qarba, White hairs appearing in the
beard (doubtful word).

a qurabd' (pi. of qarlb), Relations.

A ci>Vji qirbat (pi. of qirbat), Leathern
water-bottles, or milk-bottles.

T ii^yt qurbag^a, H\tf qttrbdqa, A frog
(m.c).

a. qarban, A vessel nearly full; —
qirbdn, Coition ; a quiver ; a case for a bow ;
— qirbdn, qurbdn (v.n. of s-y), Approaching,
being or standing near to one another ; —
qurbdn, qarban, That whereby one draws
nigh to God ; a sacrifice, victim, oblation ;
alms given instead ; the Christian com-
munion, the maBS ; a royal favourite; con-
strued with the verbs raftan, shudan, kardan,
gashtan, Ac; — qurbdn-at bi-gardam(shawam),
May I become your sacrifice, i.e. able to
devote my life to you (said by inferiors to
propitiate their superiors), for which in
familiar talk elliptically qurbdn is put as in
qurbuni karam-at, (May I become a) sacri-
fice (in requital) of your generosity; —
a qurbdni sar-at, 0 thou for whose head (I
may become) a sacrifice, i.e. dearer to me
than life. Similar phrases are ; ba-qwban
raftan (gardidan), ba-qurbdni sar raftan
(gashtan) Ac.

a s\Sj\iji qurbdn-gdh, Place of sacrifice,
altar.

a Ls'Hr* qurbdni, Devoted ; sacrificed ; —
qurbdni kardan, To sacrifice.

o t)^^}/ qarbdniyun, Ox-eye (a plant).

A ifyi qirbat, qirba, A large leathern milt-
bottle or water-bag, particularly stitched
on one side ; — qurbat, qurubat, Kindred,
affinity ; intimacy ; vicinity, proximity ; —
qarabat, An approach to fulness.

A g<y> qurbaj, A tavern, a wine-shop.

A^ty qtirbuz (from P. y.jS gurbuz), A
cheat.

t 4*>y> qurbacrfta, A frog (m.c.) (see d^V/
Ac. above).

a qurbaq, A green- stall or shop.

a qarabus, in P. qarbu», The bow

or pommel of a saddle.

*!j»y> qarbula, A kind of ivy.

a qirba, see A. .

a Jjiy qarba (fern, of qarban), Nearly full
(vessel) ; — qurba, Affinity, relationship,
consanguinity ; — zu 'l-qurbd, A relation,
relative, kinsman.

a u»j»/ qarpilB, The bow of a saddle (see

a syi qirai (v.n. of Being quiet, mo-
dest, grave, Bedate : patience, quietness,
gravity , — qarrat (v.n. of y>), Being cool
and cheerful (the eye) ; (fern, of qarr)
cold (night) ; — qirrat, The cold ; fit of an
ague ; — gurrat (v.n. of $*), Being cool and

cheerful (eye) ; being charmed by the sight
of a beloved object (the same) ; joy, glad-
ness ; [qurratu 'l-'ain, Coolness, i.e. lustre
and brightness of the eye ; a beloved
object; — abu qurrat, A chameleon;] —
qurrat, qarrat, qirrat, A frog.

«^y> qart, A contented cuckold.

a qarat (v.n. of ut>y>), Changing
colour, becoming pale (from pain or anger) ;
ice, snow ; jelly.

t qurt, A sip, a draught.

a 0"/ qarratdn, Evening and morn-
ing.

y W»y qartabdn, A contented cuckold.

WJ'V qavtahus, A contented cuckold.

&y qarta, = ut>y q.v. (compare also the
two preceding articles).

A C/ qarh (v.n.), Wounding ; ulcerating ;
bringiug guiltiness home to one ; a wound,
painful scar, ulcer; a pustule tending to
corruption ; a sore ulcer fatal to young
camels ; — qurh, A painful wound, or the
pain of a wound ; the beginning of any-
thing ; the three first nights of the month;
name of a valley or river; — qarah (v.n.),
Being ulcerous; finishing teething when
full five years old (solid-hoofed animals) ;
— qarih, Scabby, pustulous, ulcerous.

a tji qurrah (pi. of qarih), Five-year-old
(horses).

A a^y> virhtin, A kind of mushroom,
white and small.

a &=-ji qarhat, qarha, One wound with a
sword ; a sore, pimple, pustule ; ulcera-
tion ; — qurhat, A small star on the fore-
bead of a horse ; beginning of spring or
winter.

a Js^i qarha (pi. of qarih), "Ulcerated,
usl^^ii qgrkhwdk, Broth of meat cut
small.

a qard (v.n.), Gaining; collecting;
gathering (as butter in a churn) ; short,
dwarfish ; the neck ; — qird, A male ape,
monkey, baboon; — qurd, A tick, louse;
— qaracl (v.n.), Being corroded, worm-
eaten (leather) ; being silent (especially
from an impediment in speech) ; being
crisp and curly (hair) ; being matted and
impacted (wool) ; pa.lm-brancb.ea stripped
of their leaves ; being small (teeth) ; being
spoiled in flavour (mastic, Ac.) ; tautology ;
— qarid, Heaped up, cumulated ; (a camel)
swarminar with ticks ; — qirad (pi. of qird),
Apes, monkeys, baboons ;- -qurad, Name of
a place.

yyl\>*)'qarddliyun (probably G. KopdXXcov),
Bed coral.

G (^Uji qardaman, Seed of wild rue.

a qardamuman, Cresses.

o ^t-^jJi qa.rddm.ml, The herb lady's
smock ; water-mint.

a <jj^y> qirdan (pi. of qurad), Ticks.

a sjyi qirdat, A she-ape; — qiradat, qi-
rada (pi. of qird), Male apea.

( 965 )

an ear-ring ; — qarta'i fietiqi, A reddish-green
kind of garment.

a qaraz (v.n.), Becoming great and
honourable, from being contemptible ; the
fruit of the acacia; leaves of the tree salam.
with which leather is tanned ; — bilddu 'l-
qaraz, Arabia felix (from the number of
those trees which grow there) ; — marwanu
'l-qaraz, Name of the fourth caliph of the
house of TJmaiyab.

a qarazi, qurazi, Native of Arabia
Felix ; (leather) produced in Yaman.

a £y qar' (v.n.), Knocking (at a door or
gate) ; beating, striking the head with a
slick ; drawing lots ; winning at drawing
ots; covering (a stallion) ; emptying a cup
to the bottom (so that the brim touches the
drinker's forehead) ; a kind of gourd ; a
fresh gourd ; retort of an alchemist (m.c.).;
— qur' (pi. of aqra'), Bald (men or women) ;
fields without herbage; name of certain
valleys in Syria ; — qara' (v.n.), Taking ad-
vice, acquiescing in it ; departing from
advice given ; being bald through disease ;
being thinly attended (a court or a religious
festival) ; money paid in advance ; anything
for which money has been paid in advance ;
— qari', Unable to sleep ; rotten ; one who
takes advice but neglects to follow it.

a <^ji qar' a* (fem. of aqra'), Bald (wo-
man) ; barren, bare (field); adversity; a
court, quadrangle.

A (j^yi qur'dn (pi. of aqra' and qar'd).
Bald (men or women).

A i^S qar'at, One gourd ; — qur'at, qur'a,
A die ; a throw of dice ; drawing lots, a
lottery, raffle, ballot; the seeking of one's
fortune by opening a book ; bibliomancy ;
construed with the verbs uftadan, afgandan,
anddkhtan, mdan, &c. ; — qara'at, Baldness ;
a bald place ou the head.

A t> qar'un, Name of a village between
Balbeck and Damascus.

a <Jjy> qur'a-anddz, One who casts or
draws lots ; who throws dice.

a jl) ijiji qur'a-bdz, Who plays at dice, a
thrower of dice.

_ a ^jVf icjj qur'a-bazi, The throwing of
dice ; raffling, a raffle.

a cjj <ny qur'a-zan, A thrower of lots, a
diviner.

iS^jf 2«"-M%> A sparrow-hawk, merlin.

A >-if qarf (v.n.), TTnbarking, skinning,
laying bare (a sore) ; accusing, incrimiu-
ating, finding fault with ; a bag of camels'
or cows' leather, in which pickles are car-
ried; forage, provender ;— gM/,The bark of
certain trees (as the pomegranate) ; [qirfu
'l-M.ubz, Crust of bread adhering to the
oven;]— qurf (pi. of qariif), Extremely in-
solent and pugnacious; — qaraf (v.n.), Being
near happening ; a certain disease fatal to
camels; a relapse ; — qar if, Worthy, suitable.

a. .Uiy qurfusa', qurufsa', Jjoiyi qarfasu,

qirUsa, qurfusd, An Arabian mode of bit-
ting on the hips, with the knees close to
the belly, and the hands folded under the
arm-pits, or embracing the legs.

a qirfa, Bark or peel ; a sort of cin-
namon.

a jy> qarq, Any sound uttered by a fowl;
— qirq, A base origin ; custom, habit ; small
people; a children's game (kind of hop-
scotch) ; — qurq, Embargo, confiscation,
seizure; enclosure, hindrance, prevention
of success ; — qaraq (v.n.), Travelling over
level ground ; — qariq, Plain ground ; level.

a qarqdr, The cooing of a dove; a
pigeon of Baghdad.

JjUy qarqdwul, A pheasaut ; — qarqdwuli
tild (til&'i), A gold-pheasant.

a jy> qarq-amin, An officer employed
to attach property in execution of a decree
and to realise the proceedb ; a sheriff's
officer, a bailiff.

jjS qurq-pazir, Liable to seizure;
contraband.

a s-J>j> qurqub, Name of a little bird.

t (js^iy quruqchi, Game-keeper (m.c.) ; a
sentinel placed at the entrance of women's
apartments.

a \f/ qarqard, Name of a bird (Ardea
Virgo).

a iff qar qara, Cooing (as a dove) ;
making a rumbling noise (belly) ; laughing
loudly ; a kind of wheel for the punish-
ment of criminals.

a jf qurq-ndma, A writ of execution.

CJjrV qurqurun, Galangale.

Ufj* qarqari, A mode of tying on a
turban.

ey— iy> qarqasiin, Lead (unsupported by
examples).

a &-~if qarqasa, A calliug (of a dog).

•*f qarqasyd, Cubeb (a drug).

a 4-iiyi qarqasha kardan, To contend.
<-A5y> qurquf, Name of a book of the
Magi.

a "-Aiyi qarqaf, Wine which, when drunk,
causes a trembling ; — qurquf, Name of a
small bird.

yUiyi qarqamdn, Wood found in the
middle of the tree muql, and used as a
dentifrice.

<ff qurqd (G. KpoKos), Saffron.

qarqubi, qurqiibt, A garment made

in Irak.

a jff qurqur, A long and large ship.

a <^»yy> qurqiis, A word used in calling a
dog or kid (see if).

a i-*yy> qurquf, Wine which, when drunk,
causes a trembling ; a silver coin.

^"ff qurquma'nd (Or. KpoKO/xayfua), Dregs
of saffron-oil.

^ff qarqumi, A sort of garment (cf.
<_5*yy> above).

(?), A kind of hat formerly worn by

kings.

a qurqi, Confiscated ; confiscation,
sequestration, attachment, distraint ; —
qurqi-parwdna, A warrant used to sequester
a property ; — qurqVi 'dm, A general attach-
ment.

t^/ 5 qarkan, The bed of a river fresh
dug ; a channel excavated by a torrent.

t fs^yi quriltdy, A general assembly.

qarluf, Name of a place in Turkistan.

a Jj* qirilla. Name of a very wary bird.

A. |»yi qarm (v.n.), Marking (a camel) by
cuttiDg part of the skin of the nose and
leaving it dangling; uubarking, peeling;
an excellent camel stallion kept for covering
or fed for slaughtering ; a lord, a prince ;
— qurm, Name of a marine plant ;—qaram
(v.n.), Having an insatiable craving for
flesh meat; having a longing desire for a
mistress or friend ;—qarim, Carnivorous ; —
qirim, A term of reproach ; the Crimea ; —
bahru y l-qirim, The sea of Azof, the Euxine.

t (•»» qurram, = «y> q.v,

a. qarmd', (A she-cainel) the skin of
whose nose is cut and left dangling ac a
mark.

a tA-j 5 q&rman, qaramdn, Cararaania
(Cilicia).

a. i*y> qarmat, A notch upon a game-
arrow j — qarmat, qurmat, Piece of the skin
cut from a camel's nose and left dangling
as a mark ; — qurmat, Part of a camel's nose
where such piece has been cut.

t o 5 ^" (V s gifim-khanl. The Khan of the
Crim Tartars.

a >*-y qarmad, Plaster, parget ; a brick,
a tile ; saffron.

a qarmadat (v.n. of Building
(a house) with burnt bricks or tiles ; writ-
ing closely or finely; walking with short
steps.

A yji qirmiz, Kermes, an insect produced
upon the kennes-oak, and used in dyeing
red ; hence, crimson ; — qirmm firangi.
Cochineal.

a qirmM, Crimson, scarlet ; — bdda'i
qirmizl, Bed wine.

a )i> i&'J* qirmizi-ross, A ruddiness in the
sky before sunrise.

t qurramsaq, A pimp, cuckold.

a !■<•)* qarmat, Surname of Abu Zarr, the
founder of a sect (see J^jJ below).

a 0*»jS qarmatat (v.n. of **♦/), Writing in
close lines (cf. above).

a. ^jo^j* qarmatj, A follower of Karmat,
name given to the members of a most
fanatic sect, subversive of all principles of
Muhammadanisni, which was founded a.d.
891, and gave great trouble to the caliphate.

a <*J»«*ji qarmatlya, The sect founded by
Abu Zarr Qarmat (see the preceding ar-
ticle).

a J-»ji qarmal, A kind of weak tree with-
out thorns; — qirmil (qarmil?), A young
two-humped camel of the breed bukAti.

( 966 )

a .V»y» qirmld, A roof or a gutter-tile ; a
drain mad© of earthen pipes,

a t)/ qarn (v.n,), Joining one thing to
another ; yoking (camels, <fcc.) ; falling into
the mark of the fore-foot (the hind-foot of
a horse) ; a horn ; the side of the head
(whence the horns grow) ; a lock of hair;
a decade (according to a saying of the Pro-
phet, which identifies ten qarn with a cen-
tury) ; according to others, a space of ten
years, or any multiple thereof up to 120;
a generation, an age, many years ; time ;
a heat (in a race) ; the upper edge of the
sun (which appears above the horizon) ; a
salt fish while yet fresh ; a hill standing
apart ; the covering, according to others
the side, of a camel-litter ; one of two pil-
lars at the sides of a well, over which the
cross-beam is thrown ; name of a Btation
near Ta'if, where the pilgrims from Najd
assemble (more fully called qamu 'J-ma-
nazil) ; [qamu 'l-bahr, Amber (cf . the article
j*ac, p. 8o'9) ; — qamu 'sh-sJiaitdn, The ad-
herents or kingdom of Satan;] — qirn, Equal
to, a match for another in bravery, wrest-
ling, battle or skill; — qaran (v.n.), Having
joined eyebrows ; being joined (the same) ;
any animal yoked together with another ; a
rope with which two animals are joined
together ; a leathern quiver ; an arrow and
a sword ; name of the father of a tribe.

a oUyi qarnd', Horned (ewe) ; any verse
of the Qur'an read at every rak'at or in-
clination of the body ; — qurand' (pi. of
qarln), Companions, equals, peers.

a y*^/ qimdB, qumas, A part of a moun-
tain projecting like a nose; having pro-
jecting sides (a she-camel).

U-Uyi qurnas, A knave, villain, scoundrel,
cheat, a man of the worst description ; a
pimp to his own wife, a cuckold.

a q^t* qarndn, A cuckold, cornuto ; one
who allows another to share in his wife's
favours.

^jUyi qar-ndy, A flute, trumpet.

Afiji qnrnmbacL, Wi\d caraway-seeds.

a (3***^* qarawibiq, An alembic ; a still.

a &y> qurnat, The extremity, projecting
part, or horn of a thing (as of a spear or
mountain) ; the point of a spear ; the edge
of a sword ; a corner, angle.

v&rji qaranjak, The nigntmare.

a JAsy> qaranful (O. Kapv6<f>vXkov), A clove;
a gilly-flower ; — qaranfuli bustdnl, A kind
of sweet basil.

g a qaranful, A clove.

a Sj'j* qarnuwai, A herb growing in the
clefts of sand-hills useful in tanning.

a s^y/ qarnawl, Tanned with the herb
qarnuwai (a leathern bottle).

a ,_5^i qaranx, One whose eyebrows join,
a <jJoe>;i qarnitus, Intellect, mind, under-
standing.

a } f qarw, A tumour in the scrotum ; the

»* (

lower part of the trunk of a tree hollowed
out, and serving as a trough or wash-tub ;
a cup or small vessel ; mode, manner ; rule,
regulation, institution ; — qarw, qirw, qurw,
A vessel from which a dog laps water or
food; — quru' (pi. of *y>), Catamenia; puri-
fications ; times, seasons ; the last conso-
nants in a verse with which all the other
verses rhyme.

qirwdt, A large boat ; one of seven
towns on the Caspian Sea.

a i^J qarwat, A tumour in the scrotum
from wind, rupture, or hydrocele.

«*>m* qwrut, Dried curds (see wjj* \/).

Ai*W (jAA ^jJyi qurutl shudani mu'dmala,
Confusion, jumble of business.

a tjy* quriify (v. n, of tf), Having the
teeth completely grown (solid-hoofed ani-
mals) ; (pi. of qarh), TJlcers, sores ; — zu%
qur&k, The surname of Imru'l-qais, an
Arabian prince and famous poet, author of
one of the seven celebrated Arabian poems
called uwtil»» q.v.

a Jjyi qarud (pi. of qir/i), Apes.

Ljjjiqarur, (A woman) who stands still
without offering resistance to a man who
kisses (her) j cold water ; — qurur (v.n. of >l),
Being cool, bright, cheerful (the eye) ;
being charmed by the sight of a beloved
object (the same).

a quraz (pi. of qarz), Debts.

a £>jyi qurUt (pi. of qurt), Ear-rings.

a fyji qaru', A well dug from the summit
to the bottom of a mountain ; a well of
little water.

a qaruf, Insolent, pugnacious.

M jrf quruq, Confiscation ; prohibition,
especially of entering a royal court ; a
king's strictest privacy.

m (j^jy" quruqchi, A sentinel placed at
the entrance of the women's apartments.

tJ j ; S' t _ s JUi J yi quruqmishi hardan, Declaring
a state of confiscation, or prohibition.
qurul, Coral.

<S>? qarull, A duty on game, fish, Ac.

fif qurilm, A stone of seven colours.

a csf > i u rum (pl- of qarm), Excellent
stallion camels ; princeB.

A ejjyJ qarun, Who eats two dates or two
mouthfuls at once ; (a camel) having the
two fore and the two hind dugs close to-
gether; one kneeling on both knees at
once; a camel that collects milk in the
udder between two niilkings ; (a horse)
placing the hind feet in the footsteps of
the fore-feet; a beast soon sweating; —
qwrun (pi. of qarn), Horns ; ages ; small
hills ; — qurunu 'B-sumbul, A poisonous
plant found amongst Indian spikenard.

A fotf qarunat, The soul.

quroha (for 1- v 0> -A- ball, a

globular substance.

a (j^yt qarawi, A citizen, townsman, vil-
lager.

967 )

a *j* qarra baqarra (for *fi SjS), At
intervals (m.c.).

T ^ *y> qara-oht, A gipsy.

a yu^ »y> qarah sunqilr, Name of a bird
of prey (see \^>).

t ^>ji iji qara-qush, = J±p \ji q.v.

a ijy> qary (v.n.), Following, pursuing ;
reading ; — qary, qara (v.n.), Drawing water
(into a reservoir) ; — qara, The back ; a
pumpkin; — qira (v.n.), Receiving hospita-
lity ; hospitality ; water collected in a re-
servoir ; — qurd (pi. of qaryat). Villages,
small towns ; [ahli qurd, Villagers, pea-
sants; townsmen ;J — qurrd, Evil, misfor-
tune befalling after due precautions had
been taken ; water in a desert ; — qariy,
qari, A canal, aqueduct ; a stream let into
a sown field; thick milk not yet churned;
— quriy, quri (pi. of qarw), Cups, small
vessels ; vessels from which dogs eat and
drink ; lower parts of palm-trunks.

a yljjJ qarydn (pi. of qarly), Canals,
aqueducts.

a s-*y qarib (sing, and plur.), Near, in
point of time, place, or connection ; a rela-
tion, kinsman; nearly, hard by, with, in
one's possession ; [qaribu 'l-ikhtitdm, On
the point of completion ; near the end or
close ; — qaribu 'l-fakm (qiyd*), Within the
reach of understanding or conception ; con-
ceivable, intelligible, reasonable, presum-
able; — qaribu 'l-wuq-Q, 1 , Impending, immi-
nent ; — qarib ba-sar-haddi i'jdz, Almost
marvellous ; — qaribi narg, On the point of
death, dying;] — quraib, Surname of several
noted men.

a "Way qarlb-an, Nearly, approximately ;
close upon, about.

a s-sy wtj* qarlb-qarvb, Closely; approxi-
mately.

a, ''■rtji qariba, A female relation.

a kj* qaryat, qiryat, A village ; town,
city ; [qaryatu 'l-ans&r, Madlua, the town
of Muhammad's allies ; — al-qaryatain,
Jfecca and Ta'if \\~-qarlyat, A notched
piece of wood, into which slides the head
of the pole which supports the tent ; the
yard of a sail ; an ant-hill ; — qirrlyat, The
crop of a bird.

a *LS>ji qarisd', Jj£j>y> qarlsd, An excellent
sort of date.

a c</ qarih, Wounded, covered with
ulcers; clear, limpid water; pure, incor-
rupt, unmixed ; — qirrih, Ulcerated.

a l&if qarrihat, qarvlha, ut^ijS qarlhiyat,
Water gushing from a well; nature, genius ;
anything to which the mind has a peculiar
bias; the first or beginning of anything.

a A>y> quraid (dim. of qird), A little ape.

fiyi qarrir, A kind of silk ; abstiuence,
chastity ; abstemious, chaste, upright ;
shunning, aversion.

a $.f qarlr (v.n. of Ji), Ceasing to cackle
(a hen) ; hissing (a serpent) j cold, cool ;

( 968 )

— qwtvru 'l-'ain, Whose eye is cool, happy,
cheerful.

t jtf qurir, Price, value.

a fy,)* qarlrat, Cold, cheerful (eye).

A <j~l)» qaris, Cold ; — intense (cold) ;
frozen (water) ; jelly of fish ; old, ancient.

a i_rjy qarish, Strong (camel) ; — quraish
(dim. of qarasli), A small shark ; name of
a tribe in Arabia, of which Muhammad's
grandfather, 'Abdu 'l-muttalib, was the
chief.

a ijMj* quraishi, Of the tribe of Quraish.

A (^ajyi qaris, Meat or fish eaten with
hread; a by-dish; — qurrais, A nettle; a
ship's anchor.

a J qariz, Verse, poetry ; that which
a camel brings up when chewing the cud;
a nettle.

a thji quraizat, A Jewish tribe at Khai-
har.

a £>y> qari', fern. &ty> qari'at, qari'a,
Choice, excellent ; a prince, chief, leader ;
a messmate ; an antagonist at play ; a
camel stallion ; a camel's colt affected with
the pustules qara' (see £/) ; [qari'u 'd-
dahr, The hero of the age;] — qirri', A
prince, leader of the people.

(♦jji qirlm, The Crimea (m.c).

JMji qiwiq, — jyi quruq, q.v.

a ^if qarln, Connected, jointed, nest,
contiguous, adjoining; related, allied;
adhering ; tied with the same rope ; a
friend, companion, associate ; an equal,
contemporary, coeval; a demon indisso-
luble connected with a man ; one who com-
bines the greater and lesser pilgrimage ;
soul, body, self; — qarinu 'l-qabul, Accept-
able, agreeable; — qarmu'l-'aql, Intelligible,
reasonable ; — qarinu 1 l-wuqu', Imminent,
impending ; — qarini qabul shudan, To take
well, to approve ; — qarini maslahat, Advis-
able, expedient; — ' izzat-qarln, Honourable,
magnificent, illustrious.

a yWy> qarinani, Abu Bakr and Talhat
(because tied together by one rope).

a &my> qarinai, qarina, A female friend,
a wife ; a mistress ; context ; conjecture,
analogy ; mode, manner ; the soul ; adver-
sity ; a disease of the eye.

a sjj qarya, A village ; a town (see A.

V)-

a ^.f qarwyi, A villager ; a townsman.

y qaz, Kaw silk (see j-? and 'f).

a. )i qazz (v.n.), Bef using, disliking; being
distressed; leaping, springing, preparing to
leap ; (from P.) raw silk, a silken garment ;
— qazz, qizz, quzz, One who abstains from
everything impure or base ; — quzz, Aversion
to anything impure, cleanliness.

a cV quzdh, A disease incident to sheep ;
— quzzah, A dealer in onions or seasoning-
herbs {qizh, qazh).

Aj\y qazaz, A large dragon; short ser-
pents; — qazzaz, A silk-merchant, spinner,

or weaver ; — quzzdz, Free from impurity ;
one who shuns vices.

t vjty> qazzaq, A partisan ; a light-armed
soldier; a highway robber; a cossack; —
qazzdqi ajal, The angel of death.

t qazzdqdna, By way of incursion,

of guerilla warfare, &c.

t ^aW vj^i qazzaq-bdsM, A hetman of
cossacks.

i o*V qazzaqi, A military incursion,
guerilla warfare, freebooting, brigandage.

a *ik\yi qazdghand, Mf\y qazdgand,
yi quz-dgang, A garment, quilted with
silk or cotton, and either worn in battle by
itself or under the armour ; a quilt ; bed-
ding; night-garments.

a f>\y qizdm. Vile, base persons ; — quzdm,
Dexterous ; excelled by none ; sudden
death.

qa-zwwa, A camel-litter for long
journeys.

A v>)j> qazb, Much coition ; — qizh, A title,
style ; — qazab, Hardness ; strength ; seve-
rity.

i^rtj* qazbin, A city in Persian Iraq (Bee

^>»ji qazbinl, A copper coin worth five
oboli.

a tj* qazh (r.n. of z)*), Seasoning (a
pot) with herbs and the like ; being high ;
height, elevation; making water (a dog);
a dog's urine ; — qizh. The excrements of a
serpent ; — qizh, qazh, Onions or other season-
ings for victuals ; also their seeds ; — quzaf},
An angel in whose charge the clouds are
given ; name of a mountain near Muzdali-
fah ; also of a Persian king ; — qau»i qumh,
The rainbow.

a p^-ji qazahdn (v.n. of cy»), Dropping
its liquor (a pot).

a quzhat, A blending of the colours
yellow, red, and green.

j^jjj qazddr, Name of a city in Hindustan.

Ajjjy qazdir, Tin, pewter.

a qazaz, Elegant, polite, clever, witty ;
one who shuns vice.

qazt, The root of a certain thorny
shrub (= ty> q,v.).

a tj* qaza', Bits of clouds ; small camels ;
tufts or patches of hair left untouched when
a boy's head is shaved; leaves, sticks, rub-
bish borne by a stream.

a Acy qaza'at, One bit of a cloud ; a bit
of cloth, rag, or piece of a garment; —
quzza'at, A side-lock ; a tuft left on a boy's,
head.

<j>^)» qazghan, = o^j* q.v.
J^y> quzghund, Seed of the pine, used in
di-essiug leather.

qazqdn, A cauldron.
t Jji qizil, Red.

t qizil-arslcin, (red lion) Name

of a celebrated king mentioned in the
Bostan.

( 969 )

A J>* qazal (v.n.), Limping ungracefully,
staggering ; having thin, attenuated lege ;
a pompous and stately gait.

A a*j* qamldn (v.n. of Jji), Leaping,
springing up ; halting.

T yfih Jj* qizil-btish,. A kind of Mogul
soldier. (The Qizil- bashes are considered
to be the descendants of the captives given
to Shaikh Haidar by Tamerlane ; they wore
the red caps assumed by those captives as
a mark of distinction, and are considered
as the best troops of the Persian armies ; in
Turkish the word has become a name of
abuse, especially applied to Persians.)

t A^Jji qiziljih (should probably read
qizilcha, as dim. of Jji, = P. <^y~), A
gold coin ; a red pustule, a bug.

a qazm (v.n.), Accusing, reproaching ;
— qazam (v.n.), Having a small body;
smallness of body ; meanness of disposition ;
anything worthless ; — qazim, qmum, qazam,
Small, mean, worthless, useless ; — quzum,
Mean, worthless (men).

a g-ttzw' (v.n. of Being quick,
nimble; flying swiftly (a deer); being
slow, going gently.

iy qaza, A narrow strip of cloth worn by
poor people about the waist (see *yt*).

tHjr 5 oazwin, A city in Persian Iraq.

i^ij)* qazwni, A native or inhabitant of
Qazwm; (met.) stupid, silly; a fool; a
catamite; — qazwini shudan, To fly into a
passion, to be irascible.

a qazzi, Made of silk, silken.

a iUyi qazi'at, A side-lock ; a tuft of hair
left untouched when shaving a boy's
head.

tHj* qazin, Anything made of silk,
silken,

qazliawa, A camel-litter for long
journeys.

qasshala, A magpie (see J^*).
qizhih, Anything impure, filthy,

nasty.

Ji)i qazMl, Mulberry.

A qass (v.n.), Slandering, detracting,
hurting with foul language; feeding by
herself (a she-camel) ; seeking, desiring,
pursuing, prosecuting ; a camel-keeper who
never quits his herd; hoar-frost, rime;
name of a town in Egypt where fine cloth
is made ; — qass, qiss, A presbyter ; a bishop ;
—qiss, quss (v.n.), Seeking, desiring, pur-
suing ; — quss, Name of Christian bishop of
Najran, contemporary of Muhammad, and
proverbial for eloquence.

A \i& Jji* i_r* qis (imp. of qais) 'aid haza,
Take measurement or makeyour conclusions
from this, from whence the rest may be
inferred, and so on, in proportion (m.c).
qasd, Cassia of Arabia.

a eCi qasd' (v.n. of y*), Being bard,
unfeeling (the heart) ; being coined of hard
and bad silver (money) ; — qisd' (v.n. 3 of

y*), Becoming callous with regard to any
evil, and enduring it with all its conse-
quences ; — quad', Name of a mountain.

a Sl—J qu.8dt (pi. of qdsi), Hard.

a qusds, Name of a mountain ia

Yaman where cornelian is found ; — aU
qusds, Iron-mines in Armenia (from the
produce of which excellent swords are
made).

a i(_5~t»J qusdsi, Made, of the iron of Al-
kusas (a sword, <fcc).

gySU. J qusalawan (Qt. m<r<ri\(uov) t Oil of
pitch.

a |«^~S qasdm, Beauty; intenseness of
heat, sultry afternoon-heat; the hour of sun-
rise ; — qisdm (v.n. 3 of p— J), Dividing with
another ; swearing, declaring on oath j —
qassdm, A distributor, divider, partitioned

A qasamat (v.n. of f»~3). Being

handsome ; beauty ; the administration of
an oath ; a truce between Moslems and
infidels ; a party testifying on oath ; — quad-
mat, Alms ; that which a distributor takes
for himself.

a SjUj qaedwat (v.n. of j— *)., Being hard
(the heart) ; being coined of bad silver or
clipped (money) ; hardness of heart; hard-
ship, calamity ; grief, melancholy, pain,
anxiety; stinginess.

a qasdwisat (pi. of qiteis), Pres-

byters.

a s—j qasb, Hard and ugly ; a dry date
which crumbles in the mouth ( = fj»>ji q.v.).

a — • qusband (from P. ju-^J), A
sheep.

a qasah, A continuous priapism.

A j~~> qasr (v.n.), Compelling; compul-
sion ; violence.

a lsj** qasrl, Forcible, violent, compul-
sive.

Ala-Ji qast (v.n.), Being unjust; dispers-
ing, separating, scattering; — qist (v.n.),
Appointing what is just, administering
justice; division; a portion, share; an
instalment ; a stipend, salary, pension ; a
tax ; a pair of scales, a balance ;—qht, qust,
a measure, = half a sd' or the sixth part of
a faraq (see and jy) ; a jug used in
ablutions ; [qisti aufa, A full share ; — qisti
miibadala, Commutative justice (\ — qust,
The costus, a shrub whose root is used
medicinally; stiffness of the neck; a
straight formation of a horse's hind-legs
(considered a blemish, a degree of curva-
ture being esteemed).

Vk_j qista, qusta, Name of the son of
Luke (t*jj), who, father and son, were
eminent physicians ; according to others,
the title of a book written by Luke on the
worship of fire.

a qis tar, A banker, money-changer j
clever, clear-sighted.

a y-U»~j qistds, qustds, A balance, a pair
of scales ; a just balance.

V, ,.._t

quttdt, Name of a city on the con-
fines of Bum.

a - s-xaj 1»— * qist-bandi, An obligation for
the discharge of a debt by instalments ; a
settlement by instalments.

aJ*~* qastar, A banker, money-changer.

A &Je~S qastarat (v.n. of ^— »), Separating
good from bad coin ; money-changing.

a ^<>~* qaetarl, Able to distinguish good
money from bad.

y~£j> qustus (Gr. kocttos), The shrub
costus.

a j& W»-i qist-kdr, One who pays (revenue
or a debt, &c.) by instalments.

J!»~i qustul, A chesnut.

a l.: J a j\i ■" > qustaniina, i-jJasL-i qustanti-
mya, Constantinople.

a (^. j a). ln ..,> quspantin, Constantine ; Con-
stantinople ; according to others, the title
of Luke's book on the worship of fire.

a qiet-war, By instalment.

O »y!o~J qustura, Qyijja^i qustiiriyun,
Castor.

a ak»j> qieta, Stated payment, instalment
of rent.

o jjlwi qietir, Tin, pewter.

a i M.ik ' " * qastiliyat, qastiliya, Castile ill
Spain.

a. fr~* qaeiri (v.n.), Dividing; observing
a turn or time (especially in visiting one's
wives) ; scattering, dispersing ; measuring,
disposing, arranging; apportioning; a gift,
a present; division, partition; judgment,
opinion ; doubt, irresolution ; [qasm kar-
dan, To divide, to make a partition amongst
others ; to make a measure conform to its
juBt standard; to expend, dispose of; to
begin (a business) ;—hasdtu 'l-qasm, Peb-
bles of equal number or stones of the same
size put into a jar when water is scarce on
a journey, so as to make an equitable dis-
tribution ;] — qism, Part, portion, division ;
kind, sort, species ; nature ; way, manner ;
- — [chi qism, In what manner ? how ? —
qismi waft, Complete manner, perfection ;
—du-qism, Two-fold ; two sorts ;] — qusm
(pi. of qasim), Handsome, beautiful; —
qasam, An oath ; beauty ; — qasam- bi'llah
kardan, To take God to witness, to swear
by God ; — qasam khwurdan, To swear.

a »U— i qusama' (pi. of qasim), Copar-
ceners.

a 0 t.. »i U~»* qasma-qasmi (for qasatn-d-
qasami), Swearing both parties ; mutual
asseveration, swearing on both sides.

a JU->i qismat, Division, distribution ;
partition of inheritance ; lot, share ; fate,
destiny, decree of God ; fortune ; a per-
fume-phial ; a druggist's tray ; [qismat
kardan, To distribute ; to discern, foresee ;]
— qasamat, qasama, The face (especially be-
tween the cheeks and nose ; beauty ; a
druggist's phial or perfume-box ; a market.

( 970 )

a **-*«~5 qismat-dzma'i (^5;^ bazi),

Trying one's fortune or luck.

a jjA- — » qismat- khwur, Who enjoys a
part (of the empire), a governor ; who
enjoys his daily portion.

a <**»U >a qismat-ndma, A deed of
partition.

a fa qism-war, According to the sort
or kind of ; according to shares ; classed,
classified.

a qasami. Sworn ; on oath ; bound
by oath.

a & s \fe>.,«* qusantlniyat, qusantiniya, Con-
stantine in Africa.
a qasni, Galbanum.
Aj~~» qasw (v.n.), Becoming hard (the
heart) ; being coined of bad Bilver or
clipped (money).

a sjj— » qaeub, A boot ; — qutub (v.n. of
s~- *), Being hard.

a qusubat (v.n. of s-~~*), Being

hard.

a $)~~ j qaswat (v.n. of Being hard

(the heart) ; being bad or dipt (money).

a » qusuhat (v.n. of p—*), Being
hard ; having a priapism.

a ijyJ qaswarat (v.n. of _y~-»), Growing
luxuriantly (plants) ; being old (a man) ;
a lion ; glorious, powerful ; a buzz or low
noise of men.

a u»f~" * qasus, A she-camel pasturing
alone ; a vicious camel ; a camel whose
milk begins to diminish ; — qusus (Or. kicto-os),
Ivy ; (pi. of qass), Presbyters.
a t-f i qmsitsat, The sacerdotal office.
A tf— » qnsut (v.n. of k~ *), Being unjust ;
being formed perpendicularly (the hind-
legs of a horse) ; distributing, dispersing,
separating ; deviating from the truth.

yj^j—* queulidus (Or. tf>wra\U), Night-
shade (= q.v.).

a qusawi, Belonging to a bow.

a qasi, Hard ;

of bad silver (coin) ;
■qisi, quel (pi. of qaus),

severe (cold, &c.)
Bows.

a yW~*i qisydn (pi. of qasi), Spurious
(coins).

a v g~* qasib, Running water ; sound (of
running water).

a (j«~~> qissis, Christian priest, a pres-
byter, a bishop ; a learned man,

a L ^ ^ i qissisat, The sacerdotal office.

A & *.~ t ~i qissisiyat, The rank of pres-
byter.

g — » qisitus, Verdigris, rust.

a /*t — » qasim, Beautiful, handsome ; a
side or a half ; a coparcener ; (pi. of qism)
portions; — qasimu l-wajh, Comely-faced.

a qasimat, A perfume-box ; a drug-
gist's or perfumer's tray ; an oath.

a y«— * qasin, Whose hands are hard
from work ; name of a place.

(j*-* qash, Alike, resembling ; a friend.

a tj^i qashth (v.n.), Becoming fat after

( 971 )

having been lean ; a bad species of palm-
tree ; a large-bucket,

a i)UJ qaahdbat, Whiteness, brightness,
purity.

A sj^iJ quehddat, Sediment of melted
butter cooked with barley'iaeal and dates.

AjLiJ qishdr, A hard stick; a man with
a long beard.

a jt-UJi qushdsdr, The name of a place ; —
milhi kmhdsdri, Salt from Kushasar.

a qushdsh, A thing picked up ;

fragments-, — qashshdah, A mendicant, one
who collects and eats scraps.

a !»UJ> qiehat, The removal of a veil, cur-
tain, or covering; denudation; disclosing,
making known. (See

AysUJi qashd'ir (pi. of muqsha'irr) , Trem-
bling with horror ; (men) whose hair stands
on end.

a ii\Ai qashdfat (v.n. of <-4AS), Being of
a scorbutic, squalid habit ; being sun-burnt,
tanned ; having the face discoloured or
affected by distemper, disease, or poverty
of living.

a qashdq, Palma Christi, castor.

a w^ 3 qashb (v.n.), Mixing ; giving poi-
son ; shaming, putting to the blush ; re-
proaching, defaming, calumniating ; ac-
quiring praise or censure ; polisting (a
sword) ; rendering insane or stupid ; —
qashb, qishb, qashab, Poison, venom ; a kind
of plant; — qishb, Soul, spirit; rust.

a SxiJ qishdat, qishzat, Sediment of
butter dressed with meal and dates.

a j&i qashr (v.n.), Being unfortunate;
bringing bad luck ; unbarking, peeling ;
name of a mountain ; — qishr, Bark, skin,
husk, peel ; a garment ; [qishru 'l-baizat.
An egg-shell;] — qushr, qishr, A certain fish
a span long; — qashir, A date or any other
fruit enveloped in several husks or peels.

a ►tjAi qathra' (fern, of aqshar), Stripped
of the outward bark, peeled, excoriated ; a
snake that haB cast bis slough.

a 8j4-» qishrat, Any covering, natural or
accidental ; a shell, husk, scale, skin, bark,
cuticle, crust ; a decoction made from the
skin of the coffee-bean ; — qusharat, qushara,
Unlucky.

a LsJ qaeht (v.n.), Uncovering, denuding ;
making known ; skinning (a camel) ; strik-
ing with a stick, giving the bastinado.

a £±i qash' (v.n.), Uncovering; dispelling,
scattering, dispersing (as the wind dispels
clouds) ; a scattered cloud ; a dry skin or
leathern bottle ; a tent made of skins ; —
qieh', qush', Rubbish of baths ; a vanishing
cloud ; — qasha' (v.n.), Being light ; — qashi',
Inconstant, fickle ; dry ; — qisha' (pi. of qash'
or qish'at), Dry skins.

a Sjij*-*-* qusha'rirat, Horror making the
hair stand erect ; the trembling of a fever
or ague.

a f^AS qash'am, A rapacious lion.

a <-&A3 qashf, qaehaf(r.n.), Being squalid
from poverty ; being sun-burnt or having
the face discoloured by distemper or penury ;
squalor or scurf ; — qashif. Sun-burnt ;
squalid ; poverty-stricken.

<*&i~» qaahqa, A sectarial mark, such as
the Hindus make on their foreheads ; a
mark on the forehead of a horse (m.c.) ; —
qashqa kashidan, To mark the face (as the
Hindus), a ceremony used by the Marhattas
at the installation of their chief.

k j*2<l qazhm (v.n.), Eating the best and
leaving the worst of anything; picking,
choosing; sifting, winnowing; dying; —
qighm, Nature ; the body, habit of body ;
a narrow channel in a valley ; — quahm,
Withered fruit of dwarf palm-trees; —
qasham, Dates beginning to ripen, being
then white and sweet.

t HiJ qishld, 'J*-4-J qishlnq, 0^- ii qishlaq,
A warm place where kings, &c, pass the
winter ; winter-quarters.

i_r-+-£.j> qishmish, Dried grapes or currants.

ti£s-£»j> qashang, Elegant, handsome, nicely
fitted up (m.c).

J&Mi qashangi, Elegance, nicety, good
taste (m.c).

i. )f&3 qashwar, A woman not subject to
menstruation ; — qashur, A drag rubbed on
the face in order to make the complexion
clear; — qushiir (pi. of qishr), Barks, skins,
peels, husks ; garments.

a Zy&i qushu' (pi. of qash'), Tents made
of skin.

a i*ys-* qushuni (pi. of qishm), Channels
through which water passes into a re-
servoir.

t oj-ii qushiln, A body, company, troop ;
an army; a soldier; military station; —
qushuni charilt (for sharik), Auxiliary troops
(m.c.) ; — qushuni hdzir'Tikab, Standing army
(m.c).

a s-~*J qashib, A new garment ; old,
worn out ; bright, newly-polished (sword) ;
rusty (the same) ; name of a castle in
Yaman.

a j«-*»> qushair, Name of the father of a
tribe of the Banu Hawiizin.

a u*-~» qashish, Anything picked up here
and there ; scrapings ; the sound of the
skin of a serpent in motion. '

a git- 4 - 5 qashi', Scattered (forage).

a «■ * »- » qashif, Scantily, coarsely fed or
clad.

a f^i-i qasMm, Withered fruit of the
dwarf palm-tree.

a yfii qass (v.n. of J"), Following (the
footsteps of another) ; shaving, shearing,
paring the nails ; cutting (the hair) ; clip-
ping the wings of a bird.; bringing one
near to death's door ; being on the point of
death ; appearing to be with young by re-
fusing the male (mares or sheep) ; explain-
ing, narrating, imparting information ; the

loJf

( 972 )

breast, especially the top or middle of it ;
shorn wool.

a »Ui qasa' (v.n. of j-S), Being far dis-
tant ; a court before a house ; remote (an-
cestry) ; distance; a region, tract, country.

A v>^ i qisab, Mounds erected to save a
wall or house from being undermined by
torrents ; — qassab, A blower of a flute or a
pipe ; a butcher ; — qussdb (pi. of qussdbat),
Flutes, pipes.

a fytJ qisdbat, The art of playing the
flute ; — qassdbat, The part between the
joints or knots of a cane or hollow stalk ;
a pipe ; slanderous, malevolent ; — qussdbat,
A lock of hair ; a tube, spout, syphon ; a
flute, pipe, psaltery ; cane-root.

a *JU. v*^** qassab -hhana, A butcher's
shop, a butchery (m.c).

a <^>\*3 qassCib-shikan, A wrestler's
trick by which he throws his adversary to
the ground.

vtk^ qasabak, Name of a bird generally
found on the banks of rivers.

a qasdba, A handkerchief tied round
the head (worn by women principally).

a (jfUi qassabi, The trade of a butcher.

a £,>il«i qassabiyat, A duty payable on
hides.

a jUi qussdd (pi. of qdsid), Messengers,
couriers, postmen, cossids.

a ,\-»J qasdr, Slothfulness, wortlilessness ;
a piece of iron ; — qasdr, qusdr, End, termi-
nation; ultimate end, final object; — qisdr,
A mark impressed on the necks of cattle ;
a clipping or a shortness of hair ; bleaching ;
(pi. of qasir) Bhort (things or persons) ; —
qassdr, A fuller, a cleaner of clothes.

A qasdrat (v.n. of Being short,
shortness ; — qisdr at, The fuller's trade ;
(pi. of qasirat) short (women); — qusdrat
A cabinet or closet for privacy or retire-
ment; — qusdratu'l-arz, A small quantity of
ground, fifty cubits or upwards of the most
productive soil.

A Jjji->i qusdra, End, extremity ; the last
or utmost effort, final aim ; strong desire.

A yeloi qasds, A certain tree from which
bees extract a particular kind of honey ; —
qasds, qisds, qusds, The part before or be-
hind where the growth of the hair finishes ;
the meeting-place of the haunches ; — qisds,
Law of retaliation, revenge for homicide;
retribution, reproof, correction : (pi. of qass)
breasts ; (pi. of qassat) particles of plaster ;
(pi. of qussat) forelocks ; [qisds kardan, To
retaliate ; to punish, correct, chastise ;] —
qusds, The termination of the back of the
head ; name of a mountain ; — qussds, Re-
lators, narrators.

a £*UJ qusdsat, Nail-parings.

A qisd' (pi. of qax'at), Dishes,

plates.

a ieLoi qasd'at (v.n. of £-«*), Growing
slowly (a boy).

a qisd'i, A maker or vendor of

dishes.

A qusdlat, Chaff, winnowings.
A s-J^i qasd'ib (pi. of qasibaf), Curled
locks.

a .tfUi qasd'id (pi. of qatfdat), Poems,
elegies.

a i^Wtai qasd'iddt (pi. of the preceding
pi.), Poems, odes, elegies.

a gasb (v.n.), Cutting ; cutting a
sheep into joints (a butcher) ; interrupting
a camel when drinking ; accusing, blaming,
reproaching ; — qusb, An intestine ; a musical
string made of gut; the hypochondria; —
qasab, A reed, or anything similarly hollow
(as a bone, tube, &c.) ; the windpipe ; the
bones of the fingers ; a finger ; lachrymal
ducts ; tubes, water-pipes, canals ; a fine
linen-cloth made in Egypt, muslin ; a bril-
liant pearl ; a brilliant emerald set with
rubies; a citadel; — qasabu 'l-hd'ik, A wea-
ver's reed ; — qasabu 'l-habib, A friendly pen ;
sugar-cane; — qasabu 'z-zarlra, Worm-seed
plant, chiretta-root ; — qasabu 's-sabq, The
reed of excellence (phrase taken from an
Arab custom of planting a reed in the
ground for which two horsemen race, try-
ing who can first tear it out and throw it
in front of him) ; — qasab bastan, To dress in
fine linen ; — qasabi bawd, Calamus aroma-
ticus ;— qasabi sih-ddmani, A torn garment ;
the sea ; — qasabi misri, Fine linen of Egypt ;
rays of the sun ; lightning.

a i«W«j> qasbcit (for qasabat, pi. of qasabat),
Towns ; large villages,

a ^W-** qasbdti, Of or belonging to a
large village or town ; rustic ; boorish ; a
villager ; a townsmau.

a qasab-posM, The being

dressed in or wearing fine linen.

A i<-ai qasabat, qasaba, A large village, a
small town (well inhabited) ; a township ;
a reed; a bone; anything hollow made of
gold or silver, as an ear-ring, &c. ; — qasa-
batu 'ri'at, The windpipe ; — qasaba'i sugArd,
Fibula (anat.) ; — qasaba'i kubra, Tibia
(anat.).

*aU<>* qasbak, A snail.

Aj^-ai qasbur, Coriander.

a ,_y--j> qasabe, One piece of qasab cloth
q.v. under s— o».

a ioi qissat, qissa, A thing, affair, busi-
ness, condition, accident; case, suit-at-law;
history ; a tale, fable, apologue, or theme ;
— qussat, Forelocks.

A qasd (v.n.), Intending, proposing to
oneself; breaking, splitting (wood) ; keep-
ing the (right) middle path ; being in a
middle state (neither one nor the other of
two opposite qualities) ; making a present
to a poet in acknowledgment of an eulo-
gistic poem ; intention, design, resolution,
determination; scope, view, project, pur-
pose ; desire, wish, will ; inclination ; [qasd

( 973 ) ya*

lcard<m {namudan), To aim at, pursue,
make for ; to make an attempt against an-
other's life or honour; — qasdi lease kardan,
To wage war against ; — qasdi musammam,
A fixed resolution, firm intention ;] — qasad,
A Bpecies of thorn, of which the rod of
Moses is said to have been made ; a soft
twig of the same ; hunger ; a leaf of the
tree 'izdh in the autumn ; — qasid, Broken
(spear); — qisad (pi. of qisdat), Fragments.

a ^J-i qasd-an, Deliberately, expressly,
intentionally, on purpose.

JxJ qasddr, Name of a country.

a qisdal, A fragment ; — qasadat, The
first appearance of buds on a thorny tree.

A^>J-aJ qasdir, Tin.

A^-ai qasr (v.n.), Approaching, beginning,
drawing in (evening), growing dark ; di-
minishing, shortening ; restraining ; beat-
ing, washing clothes (a fuller) ; confining,
imprisoning ; dropping or drawing aside
her veil (a woman) ; shortening the cere-
mony of prayer by performing only two
instead of four inclinations ; shortness,
lowness of stature; brevity (of speech);
evening twilight ; a castle, citadel, palace,
villa, any imposing building or structure;
[qasri hisab, A mercantile firm, a bank-
ing or counting house; — qasri duwdzdak-
dari, The eighth heaven,, i.e. of the zodiac ;
— qasri rafi'i saltanat, The sublime palace,
the principality, or kingdom ; — qasri gharlot,
Charlottenburg near Berlin (m.c.) ; — qasri
shdhi, A royal palace ; — kasri shirin, A
palace on Mount Blsttin, where a statue of
Shirin, by Farhad, was to be seen, or ac-
cording to others, built by the order of
Shirin ; — qasri qaisar, The palace of Caasar,
the imperial palace ; — qasri wuj&d, Palace
of existence, i.e. the world ;} — qasar (v.n.
of j-i), Suffering from a crick ia the neck ;
roots of palm-trees, or trees in general ;
remains of roots; weakness, negligence;
necks or roots of them ; — qasir, Troubled
with a stiff neck ; — qisar, Brevity, short-
ness ; lowness of stature.
a qasr-an, In the evening.
A AycS qasr a (fern, of aqsar), Pained in
the neck ; — qusara (pi. of qasir), Short.

a qasrat, qasra, The hack of the neek ;
— qusrat, Shortness, brevity ; — qasarat,
qasara, A bride's bed-chamber; the neck
or its root; a smith's hammer; also his
anvil ; slothfulness, torpor.
a Js^>* qusra, A short rib.
a Lsr 1 * ? a ?*% Noble, patrician.
A yCjjoi qusrayan, (^sij-ai qusrayain (du.),
the two shortest ribs.

a ya-i qasas (v.n. of Following,
tracking footsteps; explaining, narrating;
relation, exposition ; history, speech ; —
qisas (pi. of qissat), Histories, tales, stories,
fables ; [qisasi pur Aisas), Instructive his-
tories ;] — qusas (pi. of qussat). Forelocks.

a ,j»V!»oii qustas, qistat, A balance, scale*.

a qastat, A castle, a fort ; dust.

a j-ai qas' (v.n.), Chewing the cud ; mas-
ticating well, biting hard ; killing between
the nails (a louse, &c.) ; stunting growth ;
striking on the crown of the head with the
palm of the hand ; despising, disparaging,
treating with contempt ; quenching the
thirst (water) ; gulping draughts of water ;
— qasa' (v.n.), Not growing in proportion
to age (a boy) ; — qasi', (A boy) stunted in
growth ; — qisa' (p>l. of qas'ai), Dishes, plates,
saucers.

a qas'ai, A dish, plate, saucer; the
bason or scale of a balance ; a box, a cas-
ket ; — qus'at, The foreskin drawn back ; —
qus'at, The hole of the jerboa.

a <-JU> qasf (v.n.), (A gale of wind)
breaking, dashing to pieces (a ship) ; blow-
ing with a loud noise ; thundering ; play-
ing ; anything ludicrous, play, game ;
clapping the hands; — qasaf (v.n.), Being
soon broken down from rottenness (a tree) ;
being broken in the midst (a tooth) ; —
qasif, Weak, infirm (man); broken in two
halves ; rent, split, broken down ; limber.

a (jlA^S qusfdn (pi. of qasfat), Sand-hilis.

A i&ai qasfat, A hill or tumulus of sand
broken off from the mass ; the step of a
stair or ladder.

A (jo&oi qasqas, The place on the breast
where hairs grow ; sound, voice ; — qusquf,
Thick and short.

A qasi (v.n.), Cutting; beheading;
treading out (wheat) ; — qasi, qisl, qasal,
Chaff ; — qisl, A herd of camels (from ten to
forty) ; name of a place.

a (**>i qasm (v.n.), Breaking so that the
parts separate ; returning to a place from
whence one ?aiwe ; — qasam, A fracture with
separation of parts ; a fracture in the front
teeth ;—qasim, Easily broken ; — qusam, One
who breaks whatever he touches ; — quswm,
(pi. of qasjmaf), Places producing the plant
gka2&.

a i*-aj> qasmai, The step of a stair or of a
ladder ; a splinter of the wood miswalc for
rubbing the teeth ; — qa-srnat, qismat, qusmat,
A fragment.

A qasmalat (v.n. of J**?}, Breaking,
cutting ; taking short steps ; throwing
prostrate ; eating up everything.

a ^oi qasw, qwAie (v.n.), Being far dis-
tant (place) ; retiring a great way from
one's friends.

a vj** qustib (v.n. of s-«>»), Leaving off
drinking before thirst is quenched (camel).

A qwsur (v.n. of Beginning the
evening; doing anything then; falling hi
price; becoming dear; falling short, fail-
ing; defect, default, deficiency ; inaccuracy,
incorrectness ; error, sin, fault ; an allow-
ance or premium in the exchange of rupees
(Indian term) ; (pi. of qasr), palaees, villas,

( 976 )

series, row ; 'of qatr) showers, drops ;
-~*qutar, (A ctoud) having large drops.

a t (j*)^"* qitdrjl, A eamel-driver ; a mule-
teer.

a sj/U qit&rib (pi. of qutruV), Sylvan
demons, &c.

A. Ifloi qutdrdt, Whatever drops from
anything, drippings, dribblings of a bar-
rel ; a little water.

o (jj^Jai qutdrl, SyUaS qutdrlyat, Black
(serpent); or one that lodges in the trunk
of a palm-tree ; or one from which poison
drops through the abundance of the same.

qutds, A sea-horse of whose mane
or tail a fringed knot is made, often set
in gold, and hung round the necks of
horses by way of adornment or as a
defence againat fascination ; according to
others, Yak tibetanus.

a W>ii qitat, Curly-haired (men) .; cnrli-
ness and crispness of the bair.; a model or
pattern on which anything is cut ; the edge
of a mountain or a cliff .; (pi. of qitfj tom-
cats : — qatt&i, Turner, maker of boses or
caskets.

a fto qata.' (v.n. of Flying -from a
cold to a hot climate or vice versa ■ migrat-
ing (birds) ; (water in a well) failing ;
cutting clusters of dates or grapes ; any
cutting instrument ; a section; '(pi. of qit')
points of spears ; (pi. of qati') loppings of
trees; herds, flocks; coins; [qitd'i dd'tra,
Sector of a circle ;] — quit a, Keen, sharp,
trenchant; — -qatfa' of qtiti'). Bobbers,
assassins ;—qufja'u \t-ltariq, Highway -rob-
bers.

a ScUo* qatd'at, Lappings, chipping;
any fragment which drqps in cutting, suoh
as a nail-paring or a bit of leather.

a. «-*Ua* qatdf, qit$f.. The vintage, the sea-
Bon for euttmg r grapes ; ; — qi,tdf'(v.n. of <-4l>>),
Taking slow and shortsteps (a horse)"; ; the
slow short step of a horse ; — *qatj.af r A vin-
tager ; a vine-dresser.

a qutdfly A kind of triangular pasty
(= Jt'te-q.*.).

x li** r qHtafat, What&verdrops in gather-
ing grapes.; gleanings'ofifhe vintage.

JUai qqfal, A soldier.

du'iLi qatdnm, tqattama,, A lascivious
woman, or name of a woman .noted for
lasciviousness.

a (j*^ qitdm.1, qutdmi, A kind of hawk
(especially when darting. his eye upon his
prey) ; flesh of a hawk ; stroijg wine from
dates or grapes.

A yUai qitdn, The frame of a camel-
litter ; 'the bar of ' a door ; — qattdn, A cleaner
or spinner of cotton ; — quttdn (pi. of qdtin.),
Inhabitants;; servants.

a qatatiat, qatdna, A kettle, ipot;
Catania in Sicily.

a (jtUa* ■ qatdni (probably misreading for

■qatdhi or qatdfi), A sort of meat-pasty; —
qatdni (pi. of qutniyat), Vegetables.

A csK'^iS qatdydi (pi. of qatdi), Qati
birds.

a qntd'it, Detached companies.

A t^fUoi qata if, A red date ; (in P.) a
cake of fine flour, honey ; , sesame-oil, and
almonds ; (pi. of qafifat) velvets, satins.

a qatb (v,n.), Frowning, knitting
the brows, looking stern ; cutting, collect-
ing ; filling (a vessel) ; putting in a pas-
sion ; mingling wHn« with, water ; drawing
together the two ears of a wallet and fas-
tening it; assembling, flocking together;
— qatb, qiik, qutb, The axle round which a
wheel turns ; the spindle of a mill-stone;
— qutb. The pole, polar- star, north pole ; an
axis, a pivot; a prince, lord, chief; a gene-
ral, commander .; [q-utbu 'd-din, The axis of
religion (surname of several noted men) ;
— qutbu 'l-'drifin, Chief of wise men, i.e.
Plato ; — qufbu 'l-mulk, The pole star of the
empire '( aa honorific title) ; — quM janubi,
The south pole ; — qufbi mmd {mmawi),
The axis of heaven, i.e. the pole ; —
qutln shimdli, The north pole; — qutbi
■falak'i ris&lat, The celestial pole of pro-
phecy, i.e. Muhammad;} — qutab (pi. of
qwtbaf)., Points of spears on which targets
are fixed to shoot a.t.

a oW^* qw'tbdn, A kind of plant.

a qutbat, 'The iron axle round which
a wheel turns ; the point of a spear on
which a target is fixed to shoot at ; name
of a plant j — •qitabat (pi. of quf,b), polar
stars ; centres about which objects revolve ;
princes, chiefs.

■a W -i-Js* qutb-namd, A compass.

fa qwfbi, Of or relating to the North
Pole:; polar ; — -qufbiMrd, The polar star.

a ywSk* qutbain (obi. du. of qu$>, used
as nom.), The two poles.

A qittat, qitta, A female cat.

a qatr (v.n.), Dropping (as water or
tears) i letting fa/11 in drops ; drops; rain;
tying camels in a striag *$> follow -one an-
other'; travelling thus {camels) ; name of
a place between W&sit and Basrah ; also
of a village between Shiraz and Kirtnan ;
—tqitr-, ffasile forass, or a kind of it ; a
kind' of striped 'oloth^ property, paternal
inheritance ;—2«.j(r, The side of the body ;
a 'tract, tfuarter-; wood of aloes ; diagonal
(of a square) ; cord (of an arc) ; [qutri
da'ira,The diameter of a circle;:) — qatar
(v.n.), Tying (camels) in a string; esti-
mating the weight or value of a crop, &c.
from examination of a small quantity ;
name of a town between Qati f and '{Jinan,
Sifter which a particular kind of striped
cloth ((see %*»») and <an excellent breed of
camels ''(see (y^jt*) are named.

a ^y^ 5 qa'tardt (pi. of qatrat), Drops ;
[qatardti shabnam. Drops of dew ;] — quturdt

>dr ( 977 ) fte

(pi. of qitar), Strings of camels following
one another.

a U^ai qatrdn, qitrdn, qatiran, Liquid
pitch, tar, the juice of the pine ; name
of a city said to have been founded by
Seth, and inhabited by demons ; [zift w
qatiran, Tar and pitch ;] — qatar an (v.n. of
Distilling, falling in drops (water or
tears) ; the dropping of water from the
eaves of houses ; — qatiran, Name of a poet.

a (j^siL* qatirdn-mdlidagl, An an-

notating or daubing with pitch.

a s^JU q\Jbj qatirdn-mdlida, Besmeared
with pitch.

a ^\i>* qatrdni, A sort of money.

a v«^» quirub, A species of sylvan de-
mon, the male ghul ■ a goblin, fairy, elf ; a
whelp ; a little animal perpetually in motion
on the surface of the water ; a kind of
bird ; a mouse ; a bold wolf ; a kind of
melancholy making men fancy themselves
wolveB and run howling in the woods ; a
coward ; ignorant ; epileptic ; surname of
a disciple of the celebrated grammarian
Sibawaih.

a qatrabus, qitrabus, A severe-

Btinging scorpion ; a swift and strong she-
camel.

A y=i qatrat, qatra, One drop ; (in med.)
a minim ; [qatra'i ah, A drop of water ; a
sword ; a spear's point ; — qatra ddshtan
(raftan, zadan, kardan, hashidan, nishdn-
dan), To run to and fro, to make haste ; —
qatra'i duzd, A cloud ; — qatra, zadan bar.
To pour or rain upon ; — qatra'i ttard,
The sun ;] — qutrat, Small, few, mean ; a
trifling thing.

a i-J^oi qatraf, — <JjJu> q.v.

A Vyti qutrub, A sylvan demon, a ahul.

a oi s^oi qatra-mn, A fast runner.

a sy»» Sjk> qatra-qatra, Drop by drop.

a (.5^* qitri. Cloth or stuff made at
qatar.

a qatrif, = twijAi q.v.

a u^jk* qatariydt, Excellent camels of
qatar.

a qitrlyai, A kind of striped cloth.

a. y^ti qat-san, A piece of bone, &c. on
which writing-reeds or pens are nibbed ; a
a Btamp.

a Wai qatat (v.n. of k>), Curling much
(hair) ; very curly (the same) j one whose
hair is very curly; — qitat (pi. of qittat),
female cats.

a &i>S qitatat, qifata (pi. of qitt), Tom-
cats,

a ^» qat' (v.n.), Cutting off, amputating;
breaking off ; retiring, withdrawing (from
one's kindred), cutting an acquaintance ;
terminating, concluding, stopping short;
defining or ordaining anything necessary
to be observed ; traversing, crossing ;
strangling ; infesting a road (as robbers) ;
a section, segment, cutting ; a shape, form,

cut ; fashion, style, stamp ; cut out (gar-
ment) ; — [qat'i ta'aMuq, Desertion, aban-
donment; — qat'i jawdb, A definitive an-
swer ; — qat'i ja wdb dddan, To give a cate-
gorical answer; — qat'i dd'ira, Segment of
a circle; — qat'i da' via, The satisfying of
a claim (m.c.j ; — qat'i rah, Getting over a
road or journey ; — qat'i rahim hardan, To
break off all connection with relations ; —
qat' shudan, To cease, to stop (m.c.) ; —
qat'i tariq kardan, To infest the roads, rob,
assassinate ; — qat'i 'alaqa hardan, To re-
nounce all right to ; to manumit a slave ;
— qat'i Jcdmil, Folio size ; — qat' hardan, To
cross, to traverse ; — qat'i kaldm, Interrup-
tion of a speech ; — qat'i masafa hardan, To
travel, make a journey; — qat'i nizd' kardan,
To decide a law-auit ; — qat'i na?.ar, Over-
looking a fault, connivance ; — qat'i nazar
dddan, To turn away the eyes ; to abandon
or think no more of ; — qat' yd/tan, To be
terminated, to finish, to be at an end ; — -
timid at zindagdni qat' Jcarda, One who has
renounced all hope of life, despairing of
life ;] — qiv, Whatever is cut from a tree ;
the darkness of the last part of the night ;
a small broad head to an arrow ; a shaggy
cloth spread under a maD riding on a
camel ; — qut', Being amputated (the hand) ;
shortness of breath from fatness, asthma ;
highway-robbers ; (pi. of aqta') those
whose hands are amputated ; (pi. of qati'),
Branches from which arrows are made ; —
qata' (v.n.), Having the hand cut off ; being
cut off (the hand); (pi. of qata'at), The
stump remaining after the hands are cut
off ; — qati', Dumb ; — qita', The darkness of
the latter part of the night ; (pi. of qit'at)
segments, cuts, slices ; — quia', One who
separates from his relations ; (pi. of qut'at)
portions cut off ; — qutti' (pi. of qatl'), Lop-
pings, or anything cut off from trees.

A qat'-an, Cuttingly ; conclusively,
definitely ; in no shape, not at all, never.

a iAxIoS quta'd' (pi. of qati'), Scourges
cut off at the end ; like, resembling, equal
to.

a (jWai qut'dn (pi. of qati'), Herds,
flocks ; branches from which arrows are
made ; (pi. of aqta') those whose hands
are amputated ; deaf.

a qat'at (v.n. o£ gUi), Being ampu-
tated on account of disease (the hand) ; —
qit'at, qit'at A segment, section, portion ; a
piece, slice, morsel ; a strophe ; distichs,
whose first line does not rhyme with the
second, and the following even ones ; name
of the female qata bird; [qat'a, qit'a, In
pieces, piecemeal ;] — qut'at, qut' a, The
stump of an amputated- hand; a part or
portion cut off ; a piece of land given in
feudal tenure ; name of a tribe ; — qata'at,
The place where cut ; the stump of an arm
or branch ; — quta'at, quta'a, One who sepa-

( 980 )

ting ; sitting down, settling, remaining in
one place ; rising up (from a reclining pos-
ture) ; remaining at home and separated
from her husband (a woman in child-bed,
or during courses) ; widowhood ; (pi. of
qd'id) sitters.

a SlJ^*! qa'&dat, A camel which the
keeper rides on any occasion whatever ; a
hack-camel.

A })** qa'ur, Deep; — qu'ur (pi. of qa'r),
Bottoms ; — qa u ur, A deep well.

a ji>yw qa'waeh, Light, nimble ; a cor-
pulent camel ; — qu'wsh (pi. of qa'sh), Camel-
litters for women.

•A- t^j** qa'us, Striking the milker, and
holding her milk (a ewe).

a qu'iy (pi. of qa'w), The wooden
cheeks of a pulley which support the
axle.

a qa'id, He who sits with another,
i.e. a colleague, confederate; game coming
behind one ; a locust whose wings have not
yet grown ; one whose father or ancestors
are nearly related to the chief of a tribe ;
a guardian ; a father.

a u^.***i qa'ldat, Saddles; pack-saddles.

a y^^-*i qa'iddni (du. of qa'id), Guardian
angels, especially two whom they suppose
constantly to attend on the right and left
of man.

a iix>*i qa'idat, A sack ; a wife ; a heap
of sand.

A J**j> qa'ir, Profound, deep.

a Sjs** qa'ir ut, Libidinous (woman), whose
passion lies deeply seated.

A J**» qa'il, A male hare.

a t>*«i qu'ain, A bianch of the Banu
Asad.

A <-ii qif (imp. of Stop, halt.

a <-4i qaff (v.ti. of <-**), Being collected,
heaped together so as to resemble a gourd ;
dry herbage ; — quff (qaff?), A rugged hill,
or any piece of rough ground ; high ground.

a to qafa, =to qafa', The back part or
nape of the neck, nuke ; following, pur-
suit; [qafa 'd-dahr, At no time, never; —
qafa khwurdan, To receive a slap on the
nape of the neck ; (met.) to be cheated ; —
qafa dddan, To give a slap on the neck ; to
cheat; — qafa zadan (firo-Jcoftan), To slap
the neck ;— qafa kardan ax jabin, To turn
the head, to avert the face ; — qafa namudan,
To flee, to run away ; — qafdyash ba-zamin
khwurd, His neck touched the ground ; —
qafd'i falak, Accidents which occur by
the influence of the heavenly bodies ;]
— qif a (2nd du. imp. of Stop, halt,

stay, ye two ; — qif a nabki, Stay (ye two, so
that) we may weep (beginning of the
mu'allaqah of Imru '1-qais ; see
nabki).

8jl>) to qafd-ddr, Assistant, helper, com-
rade.

A jto qafar, Bread without meat ; meal

of wheat or barley not mixed with sugar,
&c.

a jto qafdz (v.n. of yki), Leaping, jump-
ing, bounding; dying; — quffdz, A glove
lined with cotton ; a muff ; ornaments for
the hands or feet ; a kind of iron lattice
on which a falcon perches; — quffdz poshidan,
To put on gloves ; to wear a muff.

A yoto qufas. The mountain-goat ; a dis-
ease of cattle shrivelling up their legs ; —
qaffas, A maker of b:rd-cages.

a gto qif a' (pi. of qaf'at), Baskets without
handles, made of palm-leaves ; — qufd', A
distemper which crooks the legs of sheep ;
— qaffd', Parsimonious, thrifty ; — quffd', A
kind of shrub, which, when hard and dry,
has the appearance of horns.

a ^Jto qifaf (pi. of quff), Hills ;—qaffdf,
One who steals monev between his fingers.

a ntf to qafd-gdh, The nape of the neck.

a to qafd-girdn, The oppressed.

a Jto qaffdl, A locksmith ; name of a
learned doctor of the school of Shafi'i ; —
quffdl (pi. of qafil), Comers off a jouruey.

a yto qaffdn, The occiput ; end, con-
clusion, result ; time, season, opportunity ;
(for P. q\J q.v.) a steelyard.

jjjfeto qafdhir, A handsome face.

t qaftdn, A robe of honour which

Eastern princes present to ambassadors
and other persons of distinction.

a ■an qafd (v.n.), Striking one slightly on
the back of the head (with the palm of the
hand) ; folding the turban-sash round the
head, so that no part hangs down j — qafad
(v.n.), Walking on the tips of the toes; in-
clining towards the right (the hoof of a
camel).

a "\<iJii qafdd', A style of folding the
turban-sash round the head, so that no part
hangs down.

a qafaddn, u\itS qafaddna, A

casket, case, or sheath in which the colly-
rium-pot is kept ; a leathern box in which
druggists put up aromatics.

j& qa.fr, Dodder.

a ytf qafr (v.n. of Following (another's
steps) ; having an empty stomach, being
hungry ; having but little money ; a desert
without herbage ; bread without meat ; a
young bullock taken from the cow to be
yoked to the plough ; [qafru 'l-yahud, Jew's
pitch ;] — qafar (v.n.), Being little (pro-
perty) ; being without meat (bread) ; —
qafir, Thin of hair ; a wolf.

a ijH qafrat, qafra, A desert, a solitude.

A)** qafa. Skipping; dying.

a y\)Aj> qufzdn (pi. of qafa), Measures
containing about eight makakil ; — qafatdn
(v.n. of )*j>), Leaping, skipping; dying.

a JjjiS qafaza, A spring, a leap ; a par-
ticular pace of horses and camels.

a (j-AS qafa (v.n), Dying ; tying by the
feet (a deer) ; seizing by the hair; seizing

( 981 )

in an angry mood ; — qufs, Name of a people
in Karamania resembling the Kurds ; —
jafag, Having the tip of the nose large.

a u~i> qaf at, A bird's cage, coop; a
lattice, grate, window-bars ; network ;
(met.) the body (as cage for the soul) ;
the skeleton of the thorax ; (construed
with the verbs saihtan, shikastan, Jcardan,
&o. ;) — qafasi slmdbi, The sky, heaven ; —
qafasi markab, The netting of a ship, espe-
cially on the tops.

a qafas-bdf, A maker of net-work.

a jV~ y~4i qafas-Bdz, A maker of cages.

a &~Jtf qafam-manar (qafasa'imandr),
A latticed place for the Mu'azzin on the
top of a minaret.

a ^iu qafsh (v.n.), Taking, collecting ;
falling ; striking with a stick or sword ;
milking hastily ; frequent coition ; {for P.
lt*^ q.v.) a short boot, a shoe, a slipper; —
hafash. Terror-inspiring robbers.

J»^4> qafsMl, A ladle.

a go** qafs (v.n.), Tying (a deer) by the
feet; confining (a queen-bee) in the hive, or
(a bird) in a cage ; putting the parts (of
anything) very near each other; ascending,
being high ; a bird's cage ; — qufs, Net-
work ; name of a mountain in Kirman ;
also of a village near Baghdad ; — qafas, A
bird's cage ; net-work ; a wicker-basket ;
an agricultural implement in which the
wheat is carried to the stack ; lightness,
briBkneBs, nimbleness ; acidity, heart-burn
from drinking water after eating dates ;
— qafis, Contracted, drawn together; (a
locust) whose wings are Btiff with cold.

a fi^fiS qafasgar, A maker of cages,

a uH qaft (v.n.), Treading (as a bird),
covering (any cloven-footed animal) ; col-
lecting ; recompensing, requiting -,^-qift,
Copt, a city in Upper Egypt, settled on the
descendants of 'Ali.

a £A> qaf (v.n.), Striking on the fingers
(with a ferrule) ; refusing, denying, prohi-
biting, hindering ; being contracted, shri-
velled, shrunk (hand, &C.) ; — quf (pi. of
aqfa'), Those whose fingers are bent in-
wards ; — qaf a', Straits, anguish ; labour,
toil.

a qaf'at, A basket without a handle,
made ot palm-leaves ; a date-hamper ; a
circular veBsel for gathering fresh dates.

a <_aii qufaf (pi. of quffat). Hatchets.

jUiii qafqdz, Caucasus (m.c).

«sAas qifk, A cup.

a J4i qafi (v.n. of J**), Preserving;
withering (a tree) ; laying up (corn) against
a season of scarcity ; measuring ; esti-
mating ; withered, dry; — qvfl, A lock, bolt,
bar; (construed with the verbs afgan-
dan, anddkhtan, bar-klkdstan, bar-shikastan,
hasten, pechldan, rekhtan, mdan, gushadan,
niJiddan, wd-shudan, Ac. ;) a standard,
enBign, banner ; name of a tree found in

Hij&z; a proper name; [qufli Cihjad, A
combination lock (to be opened by a cer-
tain arrangement of letters); — qufli daman
(falah), Impiety, heresy, infidelity; — qufl
bar dari daman zadan, To give up praying ;
to violate the laws ; — qufl bar dar eust Jcar-
dan, To keep the door open for supplicants ;
— qufl bar dahdni kase zadan {bar zabdni kaee
anddkhtan), To silence ; to bribe ; — qufl bar
daTidn u daeti hose zadan, To cease to in-
vite anybody ; to render silent ; to silence j
— qufl bar labi khwud nih&dan, To turn si-
lent ; to be reticent; — qufl pecMdan, To twist a
lock open without using the key ; — qufl dar
rah ast, The road is rendered impassable ;
— qufli ruml, A padlock ; name of the fif-
teenth musical note of the barbud ; — qufli
eabdn-band (-bandi), A spell for tying one's
tongue ; — qufl eutt kardan, To open the
door ; — qufl shudani (gardidani) darya, The
being impracticable of the sea by adverse
winds ; the obstruction of a road by inun-
dation; — qufli farji aBtar, A ring of gold
or silver fastened on the genitals of a mule
to pre veil t her bein g covered ; — qufli waswaa,
An intricate kind of lock;] — qafal, A mul-
titude returned from a journey.

a Jii qufl-band, A contrivance to
fasten a lock,

a to qaflat, qafla, The back of the head ;
giving a present ; (money) of just weight;
— qaflat, qafalat, A dry tree ; — qufalat,
qufala, One who remembers all he hears.

a /J*i quflgar, A locksmith.

LjlAi quflut, A kind of leek.

a ^lii qufli, A mould (for ice, jelly, Ac.) ;
a small saucer-shaped earthen vessel.

a t^"* qaf n (v.n.), Striking ; slaughtering
(& sheep, &c.) from the back of the head ;
a whip, lash, scourge ; — qaf an, qafann, The
back of the head ; — qifann, Severe, harsh,
unjust; foul-mouthed; a fool.

a )*i qafw, qufiiu) (v.n. of ytf), Following
another, tracking closely his steps ; striking
on the nape of the neck ; choosing, elect-
ing; suspecting; obliterating, effacing.

a S)A3 qifwat, Any shameful act with
which one is charged ; a erime, sin, fault ;
an accusation (true or false) ; suspicion ;
calumny, falsehood, detraction ; disgrace.

a jjAS qufiir (pi. of qafr), Deserts ; — qaff&r,
The branch of a palm-tree ; also the en.
velope of the flower ; name of a herb.

ll)** qufura, Name of a medicinal plant.

a jj*j> qafaz, Jumping, leaping (deer) ; —
qufuz (v.n. of Leaping, jumping, skip-
ping ; dying.

a qufiis (v.n. of u"**), Dying; tying
(a deer) by the feet ; seizing by the hair ;
seizing anything in an angry mood.

a «->j4i gufuf (v.n, of <-A»), Withering (as
a plant) ; drying (washed clothes) ; stand-
ing on end from fear (hair) ; filching,
stealing coin between one's fingers.

( 982 )

A Jj** qvful (v.n. of JAS), Returning
from a journey ; becoming dry, shrivelling
(skin) ; estimating by guess ; hoarding up ;
(pi. of qufi) locks.

^J 4 * A clew, a ball.

A ty** qwfUn, v.n. of, and = qafn, q.v.

a qafy (v.n.), Striking on the nape;
slaughtering a sheep by the back of the
head ; — ja/fy, qp.fl, Killed by an incision or
blow on the back of the head or neck ; food
set before a guest j an honoured guest;
benevolent ; a follower ; a lieutenant, locum
tenens, vice-gerent ; accused, suspected ; —
qvfiy, qifiy (pi. of qafd), Napes.

a AjA» qafiyat, qafiya, A successor, a fol-
lower ; a vice-gerent, lieutenant ; excellence,
superiority ; anything by which a gueat is
honoured ; a sheep slaughtered by the back
of the head.

a pii qaftr, Dry bread ; a large date-
basket made of palm -leaves; a basket;
name of a river or watering-station.

a lye** qufairat, qufaira, Name of the
mother of Faravid&k.

A}*** qafiz, A measure of 12 sa' or about
8 makakil", a weight; a space of ground
containing about 144 cubits square, equal
to a fourth of a jarib ; [pur dmad qafiz,
The measure (of one's days) ia full;] —
qufaiz, Name of a servant of Muhammad.

a yo*A» qafis, A ploughshare ; also the
ring of it.

a qafif (v.n. of <-ii), Shrivelling,
drying, withering ; dry, withered herbage;
vegetables which are eaten raw.

a J*** qafil, Dry (skin or wood) ; a
scourge; a narrow pass through, a lnoun-
tain ; name of a herb j rose-water.

a <jj-**i qafin, Slaughtered by a cut on the
back of the head ; — qifin (pi. of qafd),
Napes.

a JAJ qaqqat, qaqqa, The excrement of a
child ; bad counsel.

a y\Jii qaqadtin, A perfumer's bag,

A |JA» qaqaq, toi qaqaqat, qaqaqa, The
excrement (of a child).

u~*Ai qaqnus, u-f^* qaqnos (G. kvkvos ?),
A fabulous bird, the phoenix.

A J! qall, A low wall ; — qill, A tremor
which seizes a man ; a date-stone that ger-
minates separately and weakly ; — qill, quit
(v.n.), Being rare; not happening fre-
quently; lifting, raising up; — qull, A little,
a small quantity ; solitary ; the least thing.

Stf qald, A sling; (for A. ^ qild) Lixi-
vium, potash.

a Sii qild, qald' (v.n. of Hating, de-
testing ; hatred ; — qalld', One that fries ; a
frying-pan maker; a burner of potash
(,JLi qily or qild).

a qilab, A wolf ; — quldb, A disease of
the heart ; a disease of -which a camel in-
stantly dies; — qalldb, A forger of coin.

a <t>^ quldb, A hook ; a fish-hook ; a

pot-hook ; a hooked instrument for draw-
ing bread from ovens ; a hooked goad used
by elephant-drivers; the hood put on a
hawk drawing and relaxing the string of
a bow repeatedly before discharging the
arrow.

a gV^i&i qallabagan, Coiners of false
money.

a gulaba, A hook ; a hasp ; a staple ;
a link ; a hinge ; a handle ; — qalldba, A
counterfeiter of coin, a forger.

a qalldbi, A coiner of false money ;
a cheat.

A <^->^ qilat (pi. of qidat) , Small pieces of
wood, struck forward by a larger, in boys'
games ; (pi. of qalt) hollows in mountains,
tarns; — qullfd (pi. of qullat), Mountain-
tops.

a Q\y^S «»Si qcddti (for kaldii) gdiuran,
Name of the burial place of the Shaikh
Sa'di in Shiraz.

ijs®* qalatm, A tub, a cistern.

quldj, Drawing a bow with force.

%M q%lacK, Prancing of a horse.

qaldehu, A dervish's leathern drink-
ing-cup ; a channel from which cattle drink
in winter.

<3»'^ i qaldchiiri, A glittering sword.

a C^j» quldh, Yellowness, dirtoE the teeth.

a 0 «v»=-l Ji qul-ahmadl, A violent blow
struck on any part of the body.

A quldkh, Name of a place in Yam an ;
also of a poet.

a. soJli qiladai, qildda, A collar, necklace,
chain, or any ornament for the neck ; a
leash for holding a dog ; a term applied in
enumerating elephants ; construed with the
verbs bastan, JcasMdan, gusUtan, &c.

fcJJJ^* aaZdrww, Generals, military tribunes.

(j;^ quldrl, A kind of white fig.

tj\fi> qaldzdra, tyjb* qaldahdra, A magpie.

a qallus, Foaming (sea) ; a seller of
the high caps or mitres called qalansuwat.

tito—Si qaldmng, A sling ; a ball, sling-
stone.

a qaldsi (pi. of qalansuwat, qulan-
siyat), Mitres, high caps.

a qaldsh, A shrivelled pistachio ; —
qallash, Cunning, crafty ; a drunkard, a
haunter of taverns ; a needy, worthless
fellow ; small ; taken, seized ; distressed.

i JLaAS qalashat, Smallness, shortness.

a i^a^* qalldsht, Revelry, drunkenness.

a Sj«a^ qalashira, Ashes of which soap is
made.

a l=JU qildt, Name of a fortress between
Kazwin and Kjialkhal; — quldt, Extremely
dwarfish (man, cat, or dog) ; the brood of
demons.

a &i qild' (pi. of qal'), Scrips, shepherd's
bags ; (pi. of qil') sails ; (pi. of qil'at)
castles, forts, citadels ; (pi. of qala'at) large
and high stones or pieces of rock detached
from a mountain ; [qild'i sipihr-irtifa',

( 983 )

Cagtles high as heaven;] — quia,', St. An-
thony's fire, or any similar disease, corroding
the flesh to the bone ; pustules in the mouth,
a disease incident to horses ; a crust of
earth underneath ■which mushrooms are
found; sudden death overtaking a healthy
camel ; — qalld' (qulla' ?), A beadle or officer
attending a magistrate or collector of reve-
nue ; one who rakes up the ashes of the
dead ; a pimp ; a sycophant, whisperer,
tale-bearer, slanderer.

a qild'at, The sail of a ship ; — quld'at,
A bit of clay ; a stone or a ball thrown by
a sling.

a &ij]B!\ JJ qul-a'uziya, One whose prac-
tice it is to recite the two Surahs (cxiii.,
cxiv.) beginning with the words qui a'ii.zu,
" Say, I take refuge," for a remuneration
in money or food.

&l qaldgk, The lip, mouth, and environs
(= q.v. p. 289; unsupported by ex-
amples) ; pustules about the mouth.

a qildfat, The art of caulking a ship ;
—quldfat, Skin, husk, bark.

a Ji^* qildqal, The wild pomegranate.

A J&> qaldl, quldl, Little, small (thing) ;

— qildl (v.n. 3 of J*), Giving little; a vine-
prop ; (pi. of qullat) Buckets ; tnountain-
topB ; — qulldl, Few (persons).

A f&i qilam (pi. of qalam), Pens, reeds ;
— qullam, A plant of the hamz sort.

a quldmat, A nail-paring.

(;)^» qaldn, A tax in Shirwan ; a catamite.

t a m>WU> qildtidt, Rests, remainders.

a y-s!li qaldnis, u-e*** qaldnis (pi. of
qalanauwat), Mitres, high caps.

t jjSi qaldwur, qaldwuz, A road-guide ;
horsemen who guard the flank of an army ;
spies, scouts.

t ts)^ qaldwuzi, Guidance.

(2jj)*> qaldivazhun, A. magpie (in the dia-
lect of Isfahan).

t qaldwuss, A road-guide.

a VtaS qaldya (pi. of qaliyat), Pried vic-
tuals.

A ■tfbi qald'id (pi- of qilddat), Necklaces ;
poems which remain from age to age.

A (joJ^* qala'is (pi. of qalus), Toung she-
camels.

a JWi qal&'il (pi. of qalil), Few (men).

A s-li qalb (v.n.), Converting, inverting,
turning, turning inside out or upside down,
changing, permuting, transmuting, com-
muting; inversion, permutation of one
letter into another, reversion, anagram ; in-
verted ; left (opp. to right) ■; adulterated ;
counterfeit (coin) ; heart, mind, soul, under-
standing, intellect; kernel, marrow; the mid-
dle (of anything); the centre (of an army) ;
the purest or choicest part, pith, core ;
pure, genuine, unmixed (Arabian language) ;
[qalbi iqbdl. The inversion of JW^ " pros-
perity," i.e. ^ U ld-baqd ''impermanent,
perishableness "j — qalbu 'l-asad, The lion's

heart, a bright star in the sign Leo ; —
qalbi dl. The iziversion of ^ q.v., i.e. J|
yad " hand "; — qalbi riyd, The inversion of
" hypocrisy," i.e. /I air "penis"; — qalbi
risk, Inversion of ^2-^ beard " (its turn-
ing), i.e. ;<a shir " milk " (emblem of hoari-
ness) ; — qalbi shitd, Inversion of Ua " win-
ter," i.e. dtish "fire"; — qalbi shir,
Inversion of ;»* " milk," i.e. is-tj risk (for
rtsh-safed) " grey-beard " ; — qalbi 'aqrab,
Inversion of vj^ 1 " Scorpion " (a station of
the moon), i.e. giy birqa' " seventh heaven"
or burqa' "a lady's veil " (of. 'aqrab pare-
shdn under v>j2c) ; — qalbi kuldh, Inversion
of s^q.v., i.e. hdlih " one perishing "; — qalbi
ganj, Inversion of ^ " treasure, treasury,"
i.e. «i£*5- "war"; — qalbi majinn (?), Inver-
sion of (j,^- "a shield" (turning the shield
being used for renunciation of friendship),
i.e. f*r najm (bitter as) " the fruit of the
tamarisk " (the vocalisation of neither word
being given in the dictionaries, this expla-
nation is only tentative) ; — qalbi madang,
Inversion of *4&.i*« q.v., i.e. gandum
" wheat"; — qaKri magji {rnigh, mug]i?), In-
version of q.v., i.e. ^ g&am " grief,
sorrow "; — qalbi yam, Inversion of /»i q.v.,
i.e. ^y* mai " wine ";] — qalb, qilb, qulb, The
pith of a palm-tree ; — qulb, A bracelet ; a
whitish serpent; pure, genuine; — qulb,
qulub (pi. of qalib), Ancient wells ; — qalab,
Inversion of the lip ; — qullab, Skilful in
managing affairs ; versatile ; a Jack-of -all-
trade s ; a cheat; changeable, fickle.

a "Vi qalb-an, Cordially, heartily.

a °WU qalbd' (fern, of aqlab), Inverted-
lipped (woman).

jj^il s-ij> qalb-andud, A copper coin
coated with a thin layer of silver or gold.

a AiM* qalbdna, A kind of song or-
music.

a £+U qalbat, True (Arabian woman).

a qalb-Mdna, The barbican of the

fortress of Herat.

a £}'x& qalb-zan, j 1 — s~l* qalb-sdx, A coiner
of false money.

a (jjL. vJJ> qalbsdzl, The making of
counterfeit coin,

a uVX-ii qalb-gdh, Middle ; centre of an
army.

<i<i-li qalabang, A sort of odoriferous
wood.

jfA* qalbilr, A sieve.

a qalba, Bad money.

i?i> qulba, A plough.

"M* qulba-rdn, Ploughing ; a plough-
man ; — gdwi qulba-rdn, A ploughing-ox.

a 44* qulba-rdni, Driving the plough,
ploughing- ; — qulba-rdni Icardan, To drive a
plough.

a 0 4> qalbi, Cordial, hearty ; adulterated,
counterfeit coin; bad money; — qullabi, Skil-
ful in managing business ; artful, cunning ;
changeable, changeful, versatile,

^Xs ( 984

T vjljlS qalpaq, A high cap, especially one
bordered with fur.

A Sli qulat, quia, A small piece of wood
struck forward by a larger in the game of
tip-cat ; — qallat, A rising up from sickness
or poverty ; — qillat (v.u. of Ji), Being
little, few ; diminishing ; paucity, littleness,
fewness ; want, indigence, penury ; diffi-
culty, tremor, palpitation; [qillati fahm,
Poorness of understanding ;] — qullat, qnUa,
Summit of a mountain; top or head of
anything ; head ; pommel of a sword ; a
jar, a jug.

qalt, A pimp ; — qilt, Kind of vetch.

A ut-ii qali, A hollow in a mountain, or
tarn where water collects ; — qalt, qalit, One
who has little flesh on the bones; — quit,
Saxifrage ; — qalat (v.n.), Perishing ; death,
destruction.

x jVxli qaltdq, A saddle-tree ; a housing.

t)W-sl* qaltabdn, qaltb&n, A contented
cuckold, wittol, pimp ; a roller for levelling
clay roofs.

Jl^sli qaltabdni, Panderism ; — qallabdni
kardan, To pimp or pandei\

S&ft&OB, A contented cuckold;
faithless, irreligious.

T (jvxli qaltaq, = jUli q.v.

Axli qalta, A cuckold, wittol ; a pimp.

A qullatain (obi. du. of qullat, used
as nom.), Two large jars of water contain-
ing together 1,200 pints; a warm bath; a
cup which is in common use ; a common
prostitute.

qulj, A four-footed animal, whose feet
stand wide apart, and whose knees are close
together.

T 2^y> sword.

I jl^L* qalchdq, An iron gauntlet.

A gli qallf, An old ass ; — qilh, A Boiled
garment ; — qalah (v.n.), Having yellow
teeth; yellowness of teeth; — qalih, Dirty,
soiled.

A £li qalkh (v.n.), Braying in the throat
(a stallion camel) ; a camel in rut ; striking
one dry substance against another ; eradi-
cating, uprooting (trees) ; an aged ass ; a
hollow reed.

•Ui qald (v.n.), Collecting (water in a
cistern, milk in a pail, or drink in the
belly) ; twisting (a rope) ; — qild, A periodi-
cal return of the fit of an ague ; — a quartan
fever ; a drinking on one day out of four ;
hence, the caravans between Mecca and
Jiddah, because they only drink once in the
four days' journey.

A Hi qalaz, A tick or sheep-louse.

A qalizat, Flocks infested with the
tick.

A ,»jAi qalzam, Wide and watery (puden-
dum) ; (met.) the sea.

A>i> qalz (v.n.), Drinking the beverage
qala ; pricking the ground with the point
of a stick; striking, beating, shooting,

> &

darting; leaping, rushing upon; limping;
a kind of drink ; a weakly man ; briskness,
cheerfulness ; — quluzz, qilizz, A hardy, strong
man ; hard copper on which iron makes no
impression.

a qilzim, Base, avaricious ; — quhum,
Clysma, a town in Egypt near Mount
Sinai ; a sea ; — • qulzumi pan.jshd.kh, The
palm of the hand ; the hand of the liberal ;
— qulzumi nigun, The sky ; — bahri gufewm,
The Red Sea ; — haft quhum, The Seven
Seas, title of a celebrated Persian Diction-
ary and Grammar by the late king of Oudh,
or compiled under his auspices.

a {j~k> qaXg (v.n.), Vomiting at one time a
small quantity ; spilling (wine) from a
brimful cup; dancing; good singing;
drinking largely of date or raisin-wine ;
being disturbed (in mind) ; a thick rope
made of the fibres of a palm or cocoa-nut
tree; a cable ; any acid humour thrown up
by the stomach.

a <J^* qulus (pi. of qalus), Young she-
camels.

a qalt, Ugliness of face ; — qalat, The
offspring of demons.

a t>WS=l* qalfahan, A pimp, voluntary
cuckold.

a qal' (v.n.), Drawing out, tearing
off, eradicating, pulling down, subverting,
overturning, ruining ; removing one from
his place, cashiering ; extraction ; removal
from office, dismissal ; a builder's hatchet ;
a scrip, a shepherd's bag; anything paid
into the exchequer by anticipation; [qal'
kardan, To extirpate ; to depose, remove
from office ; to pull out, extract ; to put
off (as clothes) ;] — qal', qil', qala', Inter-
mission (of a fever) ; the period of such
intermission ; name of a mine from which
the best tin is extracted, which hence is
called qal'l ; — qil', The sail of a ship ; stand-
ing infirmly on the feet, tottering in the
saddle ; — qui', A stout walker ; (pi. of
qulu') large-bodied (she-camels) ; — qala'
(v.n.), Being unsteady, ready to fall (in
wrestling) ; being stupid ; blood, clotted
blood; scurf, scab; (pi. of qala'at) parts
of a large cloud ; — qali', One who sits tot-
tering on horseback ; unsteady ; stupid ; —
qila' (pi. of qala'at), Stones high and large,
detached from a mountain ; (pi. of qil'at)
halves of things split lengthwise.

A £*U qal'at, qal'a, A castle, fort (espe-
cially on the top of a mountain) ; name of
celebrated tin-mine ; [qala'i alamut (for
aluh-dmut " eagle-nest "), Fort Alamut be
tween Kazwin and Ghilan (see p. 95)
— qala% bl.dar (the doorless castle), Name
of a fortress in Shiraz ; (met.) a virgin ; —
qala'i surfchdb (qakqah, kildb, guliddn),
Name of various fortresses ; — qala'i tnlta-
niya, Fort Sultan at Constantinople ; —
qala'i kahrubd-gun (-paikar), The world

^ ( 985 ) &

(attractive like amber) (]~qil'at, qil'a, The
half (especially of anything split length-
wise) ;—qul'at, qul'a, Eemoval from office ;
anything paid into the exchequer un-
weighed ; borrowed money ; fleeting trea-
sures ; anything not permanent ; \_ddri
qul'a, The perishable house, the world ;] —
qala'al (v.n. oi gtf), Being unsteady, totter-
ing, ready to fall from the saddle ; being
stupid ; a citadel ; a purse, scrip, or shep-
herd's bag ; a huge piece of rock, a boulder ;
a piece of large cloud ; a cloud veiling one
side of the sky ; (pi. of qaV) shepherd's
bags, scrips.

a uyl^iii qal'ajcit (pi. of qal'a), For-
tresses.

o qal'acha, A redoubt.

a yW&di qal'agiyan, Garrison-soldiers.

a Mi qal'a-band, Shut up in a fort.

a^Jtoli qal'a-ddr, The commandant of
a garrison, governor of a fort ;» — qal'a-dari
tipihr, The Bun.

a ^\>i &»ls qal'a-dari, The command of a
garrison.

a qal'a-shikan, Breaking for-

tresses (a siege-gun or battery).

a &«1> qal'a-kuehd, Opening, i.e. con-
quering a fortress or fortresses.

a v*/ A*** qal'a-ltob, Battering* fortresses
(a cannon).

a AS iuli qal'a-gdh, A fortified place.

a y->A$ i*U qal'a-nishln, Besieged ; a be-
sieger.

a uoli qal'i, Tin (from the mine qal',
where it is found) ; a coating of tin given
to culinary vessels; whitewashing; plating;
gilding ; varnish, gloss ; — yal'i kardan, To
tin (pots and kettles).

a qal'igar, A tinman.

a ^yC*!* qal'i-gari, The trade of a tin-
man.

gjAlJ qalifhanj, A lock ; the ring of a gate.

•xui> qalghand, Driving a nail into a
horse's hoof and clenching it ; an enclosure
of wicker-work.

6aL» qalgha, A flower ; an insignia of rank
worn in the turban.

a yUoL. i*U qalgka-sidtan, The lieutenant
or next brother to the Khan of Crim Tar-
tary.

a. i_4lu> qalf (v.n.), Stripping off the bark
of a tree, tearing off a nail ; circumcising,
cutting off the foreskin; unbunging (a
wine-cask) ; caulking, pitching, filling up
the seams of a ship with the fibres of palm-
leaves or moss ; foaming, frothing ; turn-
ing, inverting ; — qilf, A basket made of
fibres of the palm-tree ; skin, husk, hark ;
— 1 U V (pl- °^ aqlaf), TJncircumcised (per-
sons) ; — qalaf (v.n.), Being un circumcised ;
cutting of the foreskin ; — quluf (pi. of qali-
*ai), Baskets for holding dates.

A fctt qalf at (v.n. of <-A^), Unbunging (a
wine-cask) j turning, inverting; caulking

a ship; foaming, frothing; a hamper full
of dates ; — qttfat, A certain plant ; covetous,
greedy ; torn off (nail) ; — qulfat, qulfa,
{qalaf at, qalaf a), The prepuce, foreskin.
u^AU qalnft (for q.v.), Big, bulkj.
Wj* 1 * qulfuniyd (G. Ko\.o(f><avCa), A kind ol
pine-tree gum.

qalfa, A sub-preceptor,
a qulfl, A small hukka,h-snake ; a
cup with a cower in which ice is moulded.

A v$l» 2«£*3tl?retfulness, restlessness, dis-
quietude, agitation, commotion ; anxiety,
keen regret, perturbation ; — qalik, Restless,
fretful, full of anxiety.

A ^tel* q%lqa», The root of a plant which
is edible when cooked.

A J\&> qalqdl, Violent motion ; — qilqdl
(v.n. 3 of JfW), Moving, disturbing ; making
a noise, producing a sound.

fj^jlM qitlqadis (G. xoXkit?)«, ^aAxms),
Shoemaker's black, vitriol.
AjUsfiU qnlqat&r, Yellow vitriol.
A JsU qilqal, A pomegranate growing in
a place without water ; — qilqil, A species of
plant producing a grain so hard that it
cannot be pounded; — qulqul, The noise
made by water in the neck of a bottle when
poured out ; an active man ; a swift horse.
A <^Jls qvlqulan, Pomegranate.
a ^y^Ui qtilqula.nl, A species of pigeon.
A Mi qalqalat, qalqala (v.n. of J*^),
Moving, disturbing ; making a noise, pro-
ducing a sound.
a aiaU qulqula, A hukkah.

qalqant, ■ii&i qalqand (G. x<* A * av "
&ov), Copperas.
jlkiSli qulqantdr, =_,Ua2tf q.v.
6 qulquna, A sore in a horse's foot.
a Jtf qilal (pi. of qill), Tremors, agita-
tions ; — qulal, Scattered people who re-
assemble ; (pi. of qallat) tops of mountains ;
jars ; (pi. of qulal, qalll) few ; small ; thin;
scattered men of dijferent ti'ibes.

t (_s~U\ jUj qul-lar dqdsl, The commander
or leader of troops.

a |*li qalm (v.n.), Paring (the nails) ; —
qalam,, A pen, reed; a pen-knife; a knife,
poniard, sword; an en graving- tool ; a cha-
racter, mode of writing; an arrow for
gaming or drawing lots ; a slip ; a section,
a paragraph ; the upper part of a beard
tapering into a point ; a kind of firework ;
a crystal (as of salts) ; — qalami awwdj, A
kind of undulating writing ; — qalam an-
ddkhtan, To throw away the pen, i.e. to
neglect writing ; — qalam dwardan, To write ;
— qalam bar dftdb randan, To draw a pea
across the sun, i.e. to have a beard just
sprouting ; — qalam ja'd kardan, To write j—
qalam dar siyah nihddan, To draw the pen
through anyone's words ; — qalam dar-ka-
shidan. To obliterate ; — qalami dast u pa",
Bone of the elbow and of the heel ; — qalam
zadan, To write; to erase; — qalami surb,

^ ( 986 ) jJur

A lead pencil ; — qalam shudan, To be
written ; to be reduced to a mere stump (a
lance) ; — qalami firangi, A pencil, a pencil-
case ; — qalam kardan, To cut, lop, prune ;
to cut in two at a single blow ; — qalami
kandagarl, A chisel; — qalami muy (moy),
A hair pencil, a painter's brush; — qalam
niet, He has no account, he is clear ;—
qalami nai-shakar, Sugar-cane ;—ahli qalam,
Men of the pen, scribes, civilians (opp, to
military men) ; — dawdt u qalam, Pen and
ink.

Uli qalma, A sling.

a Uii qalla-md, It is very rare that, it is
seldom that.

•&J~> Ui» qalmd-sang, A sling ; a round
stone for a sling.

i^Uli qalmdsh, Vain, futile, frivolous,
absurd, nonsensical; — qulmdsh, A worth-
less, despicable man; a liar; taken, received,
occupied.

a yVAi\ qalam-qfshan, A gilt pen

(see w Ui\ <uU- p. 443).

jUli qahndq, A Calmuck Tartar.

ajW\ ^Ui qalam-anddz, Neglecting to
write; omitting in writing.

a •*■*) qalam-band, Penned, noted

down ; committed to writing ; entered,
registered ; taken into account ; one who
fastens the hair to a painter's brush (done
by their servants).

a (j>J"4 fJj> qalam-bandl, Signature, sign-
ing ; an agreement; insertion, entry.

»(^ fX> qalam-pak-kun, A pen-
wiper.

a ^jAynXi qalam-tarash, A pen-knife.

ft Jj-^*1j> qalam-jadwal, A steel pen or
pencil for drawing lines.

a qalamcha, Shoot of a tree,

a ^jf 1 - qalam-Jehwurda. Struck out
with the pen, deleted, erased.

a qalamddn, A pen-case ; a stan-

dish ; the ensign of the vazirship.

a y^J^U qalamddn-bardar, Secretary
of State ( = ^J ws>y q.v., p. 539).

a qalamdar, A young tree or shoot.

a 4* qalam-dast, A scribe, a clerk.

a <ji>\ } j ^ii qalam-dawdt, Pen and ink or
inkstand.

a &a>j (4* qalam-dida, Written.

a fls qalam -rassdm, An engraver on
brass.

a qalarn-rav, isjy*^ qalam-rawi, Em-
pire, dominion, sovereignty, jurisdiction,
district.

a sjj fXi qalam-mada, Committed to
writing.

a yj ,*lj> qalam-zan, A scribe (quill-
driver).

a jlsUli qalam-hdr, A writer ; an engraver
on brass, silver, or gold ; a painter.

a ^J^Uii qalam-hdri, Writing; the en-
graving art; painting; workmanship; a
kind of flowered calico or chintz.

a f,M qalarn-kashi, Writing, calli-
graphy

a ^ftS qalam-glri, The use of a pen;
— qalam girl kardan, To use a pen.

(j}*l> qalamun, A chameleon ; a changing-
coloured cloth ; name of a flower.

ljJj*li qalmuniyd, Resin of the pine-tree.

<uli qulma, A sausage, or any food atufled
into the intestines of animals, haggis, black
pudding.

a ^y^ji qalami, Reed-like, long, slender ;
crystallized (saltpetre, &c); writing; manu-
script ; civil (opp. to nizaml " military ") ;
a kind of quilted garment; — qalami farmU-
dan (kardan., namudan), dar qalami burdan,
To put in writing.

uA*>ti qalamlak, A fragrant kind of wood.

jjjii qalandar, A kind of itinerating
Muhammadan monk, with shaven head and
beard, who abandons everything, wife,
friends, possessions, and wanders in the
world ; name of the founder of this religious
order; a rude fellow; a wine-drinker; the
fly of a tent; — qalandar dida-rd goyad,
(met.) An honest man speaks the truth.

I) 1 " 1 * qalandard, A kind of silk cloth;
the fly of a tent.

s^jmSS qalandar-bacha, The penis.

<mU- jAil* qalandar-khdna, An abode of
Qalandars ; a tavern.

^^jii qalandari, A fly for a tent.

a hyU& qalandariyat, qalandarlya, Qalan-
dars, a sect of Muhammadan dervishes
pledged to perpetual wandering (see
above).

g (j-JAsA* qalandis, Shoemaker's black,
vitriol (cf. i^^ali above).

a £~ij qalnasat (v.n. of ^r*^), Putting a
hat or high cap (qalansuwat) on anyone.

a iij—Ali qalansuwat, A high cap, tall hat,
or mitre.

a jj—jJLi qalansi (pi. of qalansuwat), High
caps.

a — ili qulansiyat, A high-crowned cap,
jL» qalu, Name of a desert and a moun-
tain.

a ^ qalw (v.n.), Frying (meat) in a pan.

a vj^ quhib (pi. of qalb), Hearts, kernels,
piths, marrows; — qulubl ddaniiyan, The
hearts of men.

jjV* qalawuts,' A highway -robber ; horse-
men who lead the van of an army (see

a uejU qalits, A young she-camel ; or one
which keeps on travelling ; or one ready for
the saddle, before she has changed her first
teeth (when she is called ndqat) ; a she-
ostrich and her female young one ; a young
bustard ; a proper name for a young girl ; — ■
qultis (v.n. of y^), Rising, increasing;
diminishing, decreasing ; contracting (as a
shadow) ; shrinking (garment) ; leaping,
springing upon ; being disturbed (the
mind).

turej stray things, things of no value,
trifles; the meanest of mankind, rabble,
populace.

;*aUS qamdshTr, Gum of the wild parsley.

a i^** qimds, A contraction in the sinews
of a horse; — qimds, qumds, Dashing (waves) ;
driving, tossing, heaving (a ship) ; gallop-
ing (a horse) ; leaping, dancing ; motion ;
restlessness, unsteadiness.

a tUi qimdt, A swaddling or cradle-band ;
a rope for tying a sheep to be slaughtered,
or the hands and feet of a captive.

A J~cUj qaina'U (pi. of qum'fdaf), Flower-
cups, buds ; knots in the veins.

A ,»j>Uj> qamdqim, Small ticks or sheep-
lice j (pi. of qvmqumaf) jugs, tankards ; —
gumagim, A liberal-minded, noble man ;
a large number.

A |»Ui qumdm (pi. of qumdmat), Sweep-
ings.

A <t*U-» qumamat, qumdma. Sweepings,
rubbish ; a crowd, body of men ; — kanisatu
'l-qumdma, The church of the holy sepulchre
at Jerusalem.

a <ui qimmat, qimma, The body ; stature,
figure ; fat, grease ; crown of the head,
top of anything ; a crowd, a body of men ;
— qummat, qumma, Whatever a lion takes
in his mouth; a crowd.

t gj*** qamchi, A whip, a scourge; a
branch, twig, switch.

a qamh (v.n.), Taking up anything
with the hand ; putting anything dry (as a
medicine.) into the mouth ; wheat ; — qum-
mah (pi. of qamih), (Camels) which raise
their heads and refuse to drink.

6*** qamha, Name of a medicinal plant.

A Jui qamd (v.n.), Refusing, rejecting,
hanging back ; persevering in anything
(good or bad) ; — qamad. Length and thick-
ness of neck ; — qumud, Strong, hard, of a
large body or weight ; — qumudd, fem. t^ui
qumuddat, qumudda, Long-necked; hard,
strong, robust; very stiff (penis).

A^*i qamr (v.n.), Gaming and gaining at
dice ; marrying a wife ; — qumr (pi. of
qumrlyat). Turtle-doves ; name of a country
beyond Ethiopia ; — qamar, The moon (es-
pecially from the third day to the end of
the month) ; (v.n.) having the eyes dazzled
from the reflection of snow or any bright
colour; satisfying thirst; being abundant
(forage, &c.) ; being spoiled ; watching,
lying awake in moonlight; [qamaru'l-
muqanna', The moon of the sorcerer Mu-
qanna' (see «■ , »w ) ;] — qamir, Much, abun-
dant (water, forage, &c).

A o\j*i qamrd' (fem of aqmar), Of a
whitish colour, with a mixture of brown or
green ; a she-ass of this colour ; the splen-
dour of the moon ; a bright moonlight
night; a kind of bird.

A qamardni (du.), The sun and

moon.

( 988 )

A qumrat, A dusky white colour, with
a mixture of green; — qamirat, A bright
moonlight night.

a } *i qamar-chihra, Moon-faced.
ap t qamargha, U>;*» qamarqa,

qamurqd, = a^*i q.v. below, of which it is
evidently a corruption.

a ; *i qatnar-sum, With crescent-like
hoof (a horse).

a t^S j*j qamar-gdh, The hunting -ring
formed to enclose the game in the grand
royal chase.

O))* 3 qamrun, A shrimp.
a qamari, Lunar; lunatic; — qwmri,
A turtle-dove, ring-dove.

a hj+i qumriyat, A female-turtle dove
(the male being called sdqu hurr-in).

a (iHj*j> qamarain (obi. du. also used as
nom.), Sun and moon.

A)*i qamz (v.n.), Scraping together, or
taking up with the points of the fingers ;
[qamz- qamz, Separate, sparse, here and
there ;] — qamaz, The worst part of any-
thing ; low, worthless, good for nothing.

iS\y+S qum-zdda, The son of a concubine
(see 4*S qumma).

a qurnzat, qumza, A handful of dates;
the follicle containing the seed of a plant ;
compact flesh.

A t_>~*i qams (v.n.), Plunging (oneself or
another into water) ; stirring (as a foetus
in the womb).
a (_>~" qummas, A nobleman.
a qamsh (v.n.), Collecting, gleaning
from every quarter.

a (jo+i qams (v.n.), Cantering, galloping
(a horse) ; dashing (waves), tossing, heaving,
driving (a ship) ; a contraction of the
sinew in a horse ; — qamas, Little flies swim-
ming on water; locusts just hatched;' —
qumus (pi. of qamis), Shirts, shifts.

a oWi qumsdn (pi. of qamls), Shirts,
shifts.

a Uj qamt (v.n.) , Binding (a captive or
sheep for slaughter) ; swaddling (an infant) ;
treading (as a bird) ; smearing pitch on a
(mangy) camel ; taking ; pleasure, volup-
tuousness ; — qimt, A rope with which a
reed cottage is girded, or a sheep is bound
for slaughter.

a jWi qimatr, A large strong camel ; a
short man ; gyves ; — also qimatrat, qimatra,
A library, book-case ; a scent-box ; a pot
for holding plants or sugar.

A qamtarlr, Calamitous (day) .
a qam' (v.n.), Striking on the head
with a mace ; battering, bruising ; smiting
an elephant with the hook wherewith he is
driven ; beating wool or cotton ; humbling,
suppressing, putting down ; listening, pay-
ing attention to ; subduing, causing to
subside ; [qam'i fitna'i ashrdr kardan, To
quell sedition, to quiet the public discon-
tent;] — qam 1 , qim', qima', A funnel; the

( 989 )

Btalk of the date, or the hollow place of the
fruit to which it joins ; — qum' (pi. of qwm'at),
Best parts of anything ; (pi. of aqma') men
troubled with a fistula lachrymalis ; — qama'
(v.n.), Suffering from a fistula lachrymalis ;
having a mote fallen into the eye and trying
to extract it; taking medicine simple and
unmixed ; the head or lid of the windpipe ;
a big blue fly tormenting the heads of cattle
in hot weather ; pimple on the edge of the
lip ; a diseased state of the inner corner of
the eye, a redness or inflammation of that
part, a stye ; a largeness in the knee or
hough of a horse ; a vessel with narrow
neck for oil ; a sheath ; (pi. of qania'at)
tops of camels' humps ; heads ; — qa-mi',
Large-humped (camel) ; pimpled (eye, &e.) ;
timid (horse) ; — quina', Indigestion.

a J**j> qum'al, qum'til, Nympba, clitoris ;
— -qum'ul, A large goblet ; a small cauldron
or copper having a narrow neck ; a little
bird with a short neck and beak ; a small
bowl.

a <±>y**j> qum'us, A pimp to his own
wife.

A Jj*** qum'ul, A large goblet.

a qum'ulat, Cup of a flower, bud ;

a knot in a vein.

a qamqdm, qumq&m, the deep sea ;

an important affair, intricate business; a
great number; larger or better part; a
prince, lord ; Bmall ticks.

a fjui qimqim, A withered, unripe date ;
— qumqum, A decanter ; a water-pot ; a
cucumber-shaped vessel, used for warming
water ; news, intelligence ; the throat or
gullet.

a gUAtji qumquman, A great number;
the larger or better part.

A qamqamat (v.n. of f* 2 **), Assem-
bling; surrounding, encircling; taking,
seizing ; sending a plagne of lice (God) ; —
qwmqumat, qumquma, A bowl, jug, tankard ;
a round shade ; a lantern.

a J*i qaml, A louse ; — qamal (v.n.), Being
lousy ; being black, as covered with in-
sects ; being very numerous ; — qumal,
qummal, An insect less than the tick,
found on lean camels ; a louse.

A qamlat, One tick.

a fr£ qimam (pi. of qimmai), Tops, sum-
mits.

a »^*J qumu', &>j*» qumu' at (v.Q. of *W),
Becoming fat (a sheep).

A cj* 5 qumuh (v.n. of £**), Raising (his)
head and refusing to drink (a camel).

a tj»y*j> qamus, So abundant in water that
the bucket disappears (a well).

a qamus, Galloping (horse) that

shakes his rider ; a lion ; restless ; name of
a mountain and fortress near Khaibar.

a gj*> qamu', Troubled with a fistula
lachrymalis.

A t+S qamah, Little appetite for meat ; —

qummah (pi. of qdmih), Travelling well
(camels), carrying their heads high.

<Ui qama, A straight poniard, a short
sword carried in the belt (m.c.) ; — qimma,
see A. ; — qumma, A concubine (see Ui
and sj\j*»).

a qamlr, An antagonist at play ; —
qumair (dim. of qamar), A little moon ; —
qumlr, Name of a city in Hindustan.

T qimir, Name of a certain dish.

ye+i qamiz, A cup, a goblet,

a u—y*i qimmis, The sea.

a &A~+i qamlshat, A dish composed of
milk and the seeds of colocynth.

a ya^+i qami?, A shirt, shift, or any kind
of inner garment of linen ; also a tunic, a
surplice (of cotton, but not of wool) ; the
membrane which surrounds the foetus in
the womb, amnion ; pericardium ; a gallop-
ing horse that shakes its rider.

a !a**3 qamit, Entire, whole, full (year).

a qaniim, A dry, withered pot-herb.

a qamin, The chimney of a bath ;
fit, proper ; swift.

a &Sfl*i qami'at, Name of an Arabian poet.

a yi qann (v.n.), Examining (a mes-
senger), inquiring after news ; scrutinizing ;
striking with a stick ; — qinn, A slave, espe-
cially one born in the family, whose father
and mother are slaves ; — qunn, Sleeve of a
shirt; a small mountain.

a »U> qana' , Water ; the shady side of a
wall; — qind' (pi. of qinat), Spears; canes ;
— qannd', A spearman, or a spear-maker;
skilful in discovering water; — qannd'u 'l-
art, The hoopoo (as possessing this skill).

a qundbat, qunndbat, Name of a fort
at Madina.

A qandlir (pi. of qumburd'), Larks.

a EUi qandt, A cane, spear, javelin (the
Arabians in general making use of cane-
spears^ ; the backbone ; a subterraneous
canal; a syphon.

a qandt, The walla of a tent or

canvas-enclosure, with which a sort of
court-yard is formed in a camp (= s»>;»\>~
q.v.) ; a screen.

a fc^i qandtat, Abstinence, abstemious-
ness.

a ,j>Ui qandti, Enclosed in or surrounded
by a qandt ; — qandti masjid, An open space
enclosed with a qandt, and used as a place of
worship.

a eU* qunndh, AcUi qunndhat, A long
crooked key.

a ^Ui qanndd, A maker of sugar-candy ;
a confectioner.

a ^5^^* qannddi, = «>Ui q.v,

A JjjUi qanddil (pi. of qindrl). Candles ;
lamps ; — qanddili charkh (candles of the
sky), The stars.

a SjUi qanndra, qinndra, A long piece of
wood or iron fastened to the wall and sup-
plied with many pegs, on which batchers

Ur

( 990 )

tyts

suspend their meat; a butcher's shop;
shambles.

a qaanaz, A huntsman.

a (^j-^ quiidsirm, Name of a place in
Syria.

a iLUS qanatat (v.n. of Ui) , Despairing.
A_£Us qanatir (pi. oi qant.arat), Bridges ;
arches.

A^Ui qanatir (pi. of qintdr), Weights
of 100 lbs. ; — qanatlri muqantara, Talents
heaped together.

a £Ui qand', A name for a sheep ; — qina',
A kind of plate or dish made of palm-
wood ; a large kerchief or hood ; the peri-
cardium ; arms, armour.

a &ebJ> qand'at, Content, contentment,
tranquillity, resignation, abstinence ; ability
to do without ; — qand'at kardan (namuda-ii) ,
To be content, &c.

a ui-dsU» qand'at-guztn, Who chooses
contentment.

a qinaf, qunaf, One who has a large
nose, or a long and thick beard ; glans
penis grandior.

a iiUi qandfiz (pi. of qunfaz), Hedge-
hogs.

a ybi qaniin, Name of a mountain in the
country of the Bauu Asad; — qindn, (pi. of
qnnnat), Mountain -tops ; — qundn, Sleeve (of
a shirt) ; stench of arm-pits.

a qin&nat, qundnat, Servitude.

a ,_yUi qana.nl (pi. of qaninat), Glass
wine-bottles,

a s-^» qwnib, A large sail ; a bow-string ;
clitoris ; the claw of a lion ; the sheath of
a horse or other solid-hoofed animal.

A h~aS qinnab, q%nndb, in P.<jtMia.ti,Hemp,
a hempen rope.

a ffii qambar, Name of a freedman of
'Ali.

a qwmburd', A lark.

a l)*i2 qiimburat, A lark ; a bird's crest.

a, {m sp£ qumburi, Crested (cock).

A.y^ qimbats, Short; miserly.

a qaniba'at (v.n. of Concealing
oneself in one's own houBe, or itself in its
cup (a flower) ; swelling with rage ; —
qumbu'at, A kind of tunic worn by boys ;
a kind of veil or head-dress worn by
women ; the pod in which a flower is con-
cealed.

A js-jj qirribir, A kind of plant.

a Sa~j-J qimhit, qunnabit, A cauliflower.

a J~*i qambil, An earth which, when
baked, becomes yellow, and is good for
worms in the bowels ; a small grain like
manna falling in Yaman,. fatal to earth-
worms and good against the niange.

a qarribila, Name of a medicinal

herb.

a iii qinnat, A single thread of a rope
made of palm-tree fibres called l%f; gal-
banum ; — qunnat, qunnct, A mountain-top ;
a little mountain ; a mountain separated

from others, and reaching far, or stretching
up into the sky.

<jt-jji qanat, A worm infesting fruit and
herbs (= <Ajj q.v.).

a qaniar, ^» qansar, Short-bodied.

ijfji qantiira, A short braided garment ;
a kind of scarlet covering over a travelling-
bag to protect it against the dust ; a churn-
staff.

gji qanj, Pressure, compression ; dissimu-
lation ; (for A. tf± q.v.) amorous playful-
ness ; — qunj, Idle, vain, futile ; an ass with
his tail docked.

T M<>iS qanjugha, &±f*+> qanjugha, A
strap attached to a saddle for fastening a
portmanteau (= ojJy q.v., p. 297).

(5*^> (f), Creeping; reptiles (= &-*y±
q.v., p. 459).

rt^sji qanja, Amorous, languishing ; the
cup of a flower (see gic and a «< it ).

a qanh (v.n.), Bending, curving;
quenching the thirst and raising the head ;
refusing to drink; setting up (a door) of
planed wood.

a Jui qand, Sugar ; sugar-candy ; a kind
of cloth ; Turkey red (in India) ; construed
with the verbs khd'idan, khwurdan, rehhtan,
<fcc. [qandi pdrsl ('askari, (?), mahmudi,
misri), A kind of soft sugar; — qandi khani,
Sugar; — qandi du-bdra, Sugar twice refined;
— qandi mukarrar, Refined sugar ; (met.)
the lips of a mistress ; — qv.nd (from P. ^xi
kund). The testicles ; — abu 'l-qundain,
Name of a certain man.

a qand-db, A sweet drink ; wine.

t qundaq, The stock (of any port-

able firearms) ; the carriage (of a cannon
on board ship) ; swaddling - clothes ; —
bachcha'i qundaq, A baby in long clothes,
a suckling (m.c).

jACi qunduz, The beaver ; sable ; an em-
blem of night ; a dark night ; wine ; name
of a country on the confines of the region
of darkness ; — qunduz dmadan, To become
night.

jjui qunduz-quri, Testicles of the

beaver.

yMAii qundus, Alkali ; a kind of animal
(perhaps = j.s^jS).

a qandaflr, for P. p> v kanda-pir,
An old woman.

qandah (?), A lantern giving but
little light, used by thieves.

a Ja« qandal, qunadil, Large-headed
(horse or camel).

avi 413 qand-lab, With lips sweet as
sugar-candy, sweet-spoken.

a Jj-ui qandul, A certain tree found in
Syria, whose flower yields a costly oil ; —
qindul, An aromatic bark of a prickly tree.

jUjui qandakdr, Name of a city, Canda-
har ; name of a temple in Gang Bihisht
(see c=*-**e> «aS-^).

a ^aa* qandi, Sugared, made of sugar.

of dates; — qunu' (v.n. of "Ui), Being very
red (as a woman -with paint, or fingers after
pressing fruits) ; mixing milk with water ;
killing ; being put into a tan-pit (a hide) ;
dyeing (the beard) black ;—qwnuw (v.n. of
yi), Gaining, acquiring; keeping goats for
milking; blackness,

qanawdt (pi. of qandf), Canes;

Bpears.

Atj^Ji qinwan. qanw&n, qunwan (pi. of
qinw), Clusters of dates ;— qunwan, Sleeve
of a shirt ; — qanawdn (v.n. of yi), Gaining,
acquiring ; keeping goats for milking.

A Syi qinwai, qunwat, Gain ; mode of
acquisition ; a flock.

a quntit (v.n. of ul-J*), Standing

long in prayer; refraining from speaking;
devotion, piety ; supplication ; silence ;
obedience.

gy* qannnj, qinnauj (S. kanya-kubja),
Name of a city of India.

qwnud, Animated or presuming, in
saying or doing anything.

a u*yi qunw (pi. of qiwi), Tops of heads.

a tyi qunut (v.n. of Despairing ;

despair.

A tf* qa-nu', Contented ; a humble sup-
pliant ; steep; sloping ;~qunu l (v.n, of
Begging humbly ; being content ;
longing for sweet pasture or for the fold
(camel) ; a petition, request ; contentment ;
— iJiairu 'l-gj^ina, 'l-qunn' wa sharru 'l-
faqri 'l-k&wzu', The best riches is content-
ment, the worst poverty self-abasement.

a t>y> qwnun (pi. of qunnat), Mountain-
tops.

a qinna, Galbanum (see also &*).

a u>5 qany (v.n.), Gaining, acquiring ; —
qana (pi. of »Ui), Canes ; spears ; — qam,
Badly swelling (leathern bottle); — qind
(v.n.), Being contented; being independent ;
contentment, satisfaction ; (pi. of qinyat,
qunyat) gains; — quniy, qunl, (pi. of qanat),
Spears ; subterraneous aqueducts.

A u^VaJj" qanaydt (pi. of qanat), Spears.

a fcA~j> qinyan, qunydn (v.n. of ^s* 5 ), Gain-
ing, acquiring ; acquired wealth (in flocks) ;
(pi. of qiww) clusters of dateB ; — qunydn
(v.n. of <_?**), Preserving inviolate (chas-
tity) ; blushing continually.

A vi<« qanib, Crowds of men ; clouds.

a qinyat, Gain, acquisition ; a Btore ;
— tu'u ^Uqinyat, Bad state of the body,
cachexy.

A ya-ji qcmis, A huntsman ; game.

A Sb,>jl> qanit, Despairing, desperate; —
qunaiyit, Name of a kind of cabbage.

a gjjii qanV, Contented.

A <-4~a* qanif, Crowds of men; a cloud
fraught with rain ; part (of the night) ;
thin of hair.

A is^ii qinriinat, A glass bottle.

ji qau, Tinder ; — qu, A swan ; an ostrich ;
— £tf dar dn-jd na-mlparad, (met,) The

992 )

place is inaccesible or full of danger; no
news can be obtained therefrom.
T *> qu, Tinder.

a iy quwd (for ^ quwd), Powers, forces.

a J? V qawdbil (pi. of qdbilat), Midwives ;
beginnings (of affairs).

a m^y> quwdt,. Aliment, nourishment ; —
qmvdt (pi. of quwat), Powers, virtues.

a. qawdtil (pi. of qdtilat), Deadly
(things).

A !=i1y qawdhit (pi. of qdhit), Severe,
hard times.

t qawdJeh, A poplar- tree (m.c).

A >Mj* qauwdd, A pimp ; (in Himyaritic)
the nose ; — quwdd (pi. of qa'id) Leaders,
governors.

a c J V qawddih, Curses, censures.

a. qawddagi, Pimping, panderism.

A i* J V qawddim (pi. of qddim), Heads;
(pi. of qddimat) the first or the longest
feathers in a bird's wing.

a Mftji qawada (for A. qauwddat), A
procuress.

a qawdzif, Missiles, things with

which anyone is pelted.

a vjV qawd-rib (pi. of qdrib), Ships'
boats.

a CjV* £*«>drij (pi. of qdrih), Five-years-
old horses.

a £j\jj> qawdri' (pi. of qdri'at), Adversi-
ties, evils ; harsh, biting words ; verses of
the Qur'an repeated incessantly when in
apprehension of danger.

Sjlji qawdra, A remnant, piece, bit, frag-
ment, scrap, shred ; a finger ; neck and
shoulders of a strong man, sturdiness of
frame (m.c).

AjjAjS qawarir (pi. of qdrurai), Flasks,
decanters.

a (jji^y" ?'"«wti -A- seller of flasks, de-
canters, Ac,

a qauw&B, A bovr-maker ; an archer.

a qawdsi, The art of making

bows.

a g^y* qawasi' (pi. of qdsi'd'), Holes of
field-mice.

a i^Aji qawasif (pi. of qasifat), Violent
winds.

a s~*^y qatodzib (pi. of qdztb), Sharp
swords.

a MJ qauwat, A shepherd.

A jMji qawdti' (pi. of qdti', qdti'at), Birds
of passage; incisors.

a Ai>y qawa'id (pi. of qd'id), Dwarf
palm-trees ; women remaining at home and
not visited by their husbands (on account
of child-birth or menses) ; (pi. of qd'idat)
buses, foundations ; pillars, props ; rules,
canons, regulations ; rules of procedure as
distinguished from substantive law ; mili-
tary exercises or evolutions, parade, drill ;
— qawti'idu 'l-mnhtadi, Rules for beginners
(an elementary grammar) ; — qawa'idi din,
Articles of faith.

( 994 )

arrows; cotton; a testicle; a knot, wen;
armour.

t jy> qur-begl, Keeper of the arse-
nal.

a tfyi qtirsd, The balsam-tree (see

t I'tircM, The keeper of the armoury;

a horseguard, a cuirassier.

<u ^" ■>/ qur-Mkana, An arsenal, armoury.

a Lyji £«jv«, The balsam- tree,

T Jjji quruq, £j,y> qurugh., j^yi quruq,

Forbidden; hence, a lark; a hunting-ground

(m.c). _

tS^jy" qurlata.1i, (in Khwarazm) A consul-
tation.

T (3^— ^jy* qurumsaq, — j\~-^/> q.v.

OW* S'*^ -A- tea-pot (m.c).

T tS^v <-SJJ s quri-chay, (dry-brook) Name
of a place near Teheran.

T qurigh, = Jjji q.v.

t ts^^jy quriltdy, An assembly of people
in consultation or celebrating a feast.

qiiriyun (G. Kopiov), Coriander.

Aj}» ^aMK, A round heap, hill, or high
tract of sand.

jyi quz, Curved, crooked ; a sheep.
jj» quz-pusht, Crook-backed.

a y-y gaits (v.n.), Measuring, comparing ;
preceding, outstripping, surpassing; a
cubit ; a bow ; arc (of a circle) ; curve (of
an arc) ; the sign Saggitarius ; a few dates
lying at the bottom of the bin ; \_qausu
'llah, The rainbow; — qausi andarilni, The
interior curve (of an arc), intrados ; the
concave side ; — qausi blruni, The exterior
curve, extrados ; the convex side ; — qus, A
cloister, the cell of a monk; a Christian
convent; the lurking-place of a hunter; a
word used in scaring away dogs; — qawas,
Curvature in the back; — qawis, Difficult
(times) ; a high sandhill.

A i.L.y> qausa' (fem. of aqwas), Crook-
backed (woman).

A qp-usarat, qausarrat, = iy>y q.v.

a qaus-namd, Bowed, curved.

a *-y qausa, The rainbow.

a o-y qausi, Bow-shaped ; arched ;
curved ; vaulted ; of the form or colour of
the rainbow (qaus) ; — qust, Troublesome
(times).

st ^—j* qitsiyd, The costus (a shrub).

T queh, A bird, especially a bird of
prey, dressed for the chase ; a falcon ; — yak
bahla qush, One falcon.

a \J>yi qush (from P. quchaTt),
Small-bodied (man); a word used in scar-
ing dogs.

t jit*}* qushhaz, A fowler ; a seller of
birds.

{ ,j5«Ay» quschi, A falconer.
t ails. js>yl qush-khdna, An aviary ; fal-
conry.

T cyAy qush&n, A house ; a hospital ; a
troop of men, an army (see
t '%jshi, A scarecrow.

a yflji qus, Name of a place in Upper
Egypt ; also of a village.

A/=y> qausar, !yy qausara, qausarra, A
basket or hamper of reeds or osier-twigs
for holding grain or dates ; a woman.

a <-A*y> qausaf, A carpet with a long pile,
striped and four-square.

a qauz (v.n.), Destroying, demolish-
ing (a building).

a tji qaut, A flock of sheep, or a hundred
of them ; — qut, Name of a Tillage near
Balkh ; also of a traditionist.

yj^iJjkji qutuUdun (G. kotuA/j.Swv), A

kind of evergreen growing in shady
places and clinging to the foot of walls.

W=y qutumd, Anemone (=■ ay-j^f q.v.,
p. 31).

t (jky qutl, A box; — q&tiyi halabi, A tin
box ; a tin (as of potted meat, Ac., m.c.) ;
" Tunbridge ware " (? m.c).

a £ji qau' (v.n.), Covering (as a camel) ;
receding, retiring, desisting ; a piece of
plain ground on which dates or corn are
gathered.

VijJ qaugha (for Vt^i gfiaugha). Tumult.

a i-iy qauf (v.n.), Following (the foot-
steps), coming behind, tracking; — qiif, The
upper part or opening of the ear ; the
hinder part of the back ; margin, extre-
mity ; — qufu 'r-raqabat, The nape of the
neck.

Uy> qufd, Turpentine of fir.

a J*y* qufal, Betel-nut.

a jji qauq (v.n.), Clucking (as a hen) ;
name of a Greek emperor ; — quq, An
aquatic bird with a long neck; rima
mulieris.

a qauqa'at (v.n. of *^y), Clucking.

a My quqahd, An opening medicine;
name of a herb.

a JJy qauqal, The male partridge ; the
bird qald ; name of the father of a tribe.

u ~siy> qilqniis, yj^ij* qxlqnus (G. kvkvo<: ?),
A phcenix.

2"?") 1M a > -A. top-knot on a
turban, a button on a garment.
qilqt, A kind of beaver.

a qauqrya, Coins bearing the image
and superscription of the Greek emperor
Qauq.

m Jy> qol, The middle of an army in
battle order ; a troop, an army ; a poison-
ous worm (this unsupported by examples).

a Jy> qaul (v.n.), Speaking, saying, pro-
nouncing, or giving an opinion upon (any-
thing) ; speech ; a word, saying, dictum ; a
kind of song ; assertion, explanation, af-
firmation ; promise, agreement, compact,
contract, bargain ; consent, acquiescence ;
a deed of lease, setting forth the principles
and rules by which the demands of govern-
ment on the land are to be regulated (in
India) ; — qaul dddan, To enter into or
ratify a compact, to give one's word, to

( 995 )

promise ; — qauli Jeasagar, A term of music ;
— qaul magar liast, Is anything said against
(such and such a person)? is there the least
slur put upon him ? (m.c.) ; — qaul w fi'l,
"Word and deed ; — qaul u qartir, An agree-
ment; — ba-qauli hase, According to the
Baying or dictum of.

A JV qu'id (pi. of qa'ul), Talkative.

a. Jy> quvoal (pi. of qd'il), Speakers.

B^ji quid), A fathom ; — quldj Jcardan, To
measure with a fathom, to fathom.

a &Sy> qulat (v.n, of Jy»), Speaking; a
speech ; — quwalat, Talkative ; eloquent.

t jydji qultuq, A gulf.

t ^s^y qulchl, A slave, a servant.

t ^->3j> quldur, A robber (m.c).

t QUA} quldur -bdsdn, Who exter-

minates robbers.

a (j^j- jy> qaul-sardy, A rbapsodist,

a Jyi gawt-garar, An agreement.

a AiVJi Jy> qaul-qalbdna, A kind of
song,

a jy> qaul-musaddiq. Truthful of

speech.

a &*UJji qaul-ndma, Treaty, 'written agree-
ment.

a gjJyi qaalanj, qaulinj, qulinj, Cholic.
a qwull, Verbal.

a qaum (v.n.), Being brisk (the
market) ; being dull, at a stand (the same) ;
rising up; rebelling against; standing;
being set over; attending to, executing
(any business) ; stopping (as a fatigued
horse) ; people, nation ; tribe, family, kin-
dred ; a sect ; some ; a certain person ; a
company of men (exclusive of -women) ;
[qaumi ftl, The followers of king Abrahah
on his expedition against the Ka'bah (see
ashdbi fll under J«i) ; — qaumi lut, The
people o£ Lot, i.e. inhabitants of Sodom ;
— qaumi musd, The people of Moses, the
Israelites ; — qaumi yunas, The people of
Jonah, i.e. the Kinevites ; — qaum u ihwesh,
People and kin, friends and relations ;] —
quwam (pi. of qa'im), Standers.

Uji qumd, = A+i q.v.

a qawmat (v,n. of |»y), Being brisk,
bustling (the market) ; rising up, standing ;
one standing up between two prostrations
(in prayer) ; stature ; — qawamat, qawama
(pi. of qa'vni), Administrators, prefects.

(»y qaum-ddr, Of good family or

race.

t (j/*}* qnmri, A turtle-dove, a ring-dove

(=ts^ J q- v -)-

w^ji qannias (&. KOfi^s, "commander of
200 men"), A prince, commander; the main
ocean, middle of the sea ; — qumas, Name
of a tract of country between Khurasan
and Iraq; name of a province in Spain.

jjirfjS quminl, An intoxicating liquor
made from barley and other species of
grain.

a (j^y qav.mi, Of or relating to a people

or nation; national, tribal, &c. ; family,
relation, kindred.

a qaumlyai, Connection, the being
of the same tribe ; clanship ; nationality j
stay, support.

g}y qilnj, A kind of beech-mast em-
ployed in tanning leather ; the oxyacanth ;
the wild plum.

a qonduruj, Frankincense (see jAii"

and y^).

A J-*y> qaunas, Crest of a helmet ; crown
of the head; a prominent bona between
the ears of a horse ; the beaten part of a
road.

Jt^J* qonsul, A consul (m.c),

ajU. Jj~ij» qonsul-kkdna, The residence
of a consul, consulate (m.c).

A tryy qaunus, The crest of a helmet.

A **Jy> quniyat, quniya, Iconium.

a Jj*y qa'ud, Manageable, well-tvained
(horse).

a J/y qa'til, Loquacious, talkative, elo-
quent; — q-wwul (pi. of qa'ii), Speakers.

a Sj* quk, quhai, Milk beginning to
spoil.

a q\£~&)3 quhistan, Name of a place
famous for the manufacture of cloths.

a quhl, A kind of 'white cloth.

a tgy> qawd (v.n.), Being empty and de-
serted (a house) ; being famished ; being
withheld; hungry; a desert; — qawl, A
rope made of threads of -unequal thickness ;
(for qawly) robust, firm, strong, solid, power-
ful, vigorous ; (adv.) very : [qawiyu 'l-iqtiddr,
Of great power; — qawiyu 'l-jandn (fu'dd),
High-minded, magnanimous ; — qawiyu
nafs, Of strong or vigorous mind, high-
spirited ; — qawl za'tf, Very weak ;] — quwd,
Intellect, sense, mind ; (pi. of quwwat)
powers, virtues, energies; — quwaiy, The
young of any bird or beast.

a jjW tsy qawi-bdzti (JW bdl), Strong-
armed.

a o^*. qatoi-baJzht, Fortunate, pros-
perous.

a i^f qavn-bunya, Of a strong-build,
stout, robust ; of a firm character.

a <si» qawl-panja, Of a strong hand,
fist, or claw ; of a powerful clutch.

a qawi-payj Sinewy, muscular.

a aV <^y qawi-jussa, Strong-bodied.

a ^Ua. <jj» qawT-Mdtir, Strong-minded.

a is— tsjJ qawl-dast, Of a strong hand
or arm.

a J ^ <^y> qawi-dil, Stout-hearted, coura-
geous, strong-minded.

a tsj* qawl ray, Of strong judgment
or purpose.

a (j~>)* quwais, quwaieat (dim. of

qaus), A little bow;

a g«i> qawi-tab', Of strong natural
parts.

a ^y qawi-qawd'irn, Strong of legs
(horse) .

<j*y ( 996 ) 1*1

a Jjty> quwail (dim. of gawZ), An unusual,
inaccurate, trivial, trite, or familiar word.

a ftiyi qavnm, Eight, straight ; valiant,
steadfast ; of a fine stature ; — quwaim,
quwaimat (dim. of qaum), A little
people ; — quwaimat (dim. of qdmat), An
hour, a little while.

Sciatica.

fc^j* quyantan (Q. clkovitov), Aconitum
pardalianches.

a J£«a qawl-haikal, Robust, of power-
ful frame ; of colossal proportions.

a qihdd (pi. of qahd), Small-eared
sheep.

a jl^ qahhdr, Exceedingly powerful ; a
great conqueror ; an oppressor ; an avenger ;
one of the names of God.

a tS^W 5 qahhdrl, Vindictive ; the avenger ;
divine ; — ghazabi qahhari. Divine wrath.

a s-V qahb, Of a brown, also of a dark
colour, between black and white ; a large
mountain ; an aged camel.

a »Wv> qahbd' (fern, of aqhab), Brown.

a &*^> quhbai, A dark colour, between
black and white; — qahibat, qahiba (fern.),
Of such colour.

A qahhalis, A large and thick

penis ; a small louse ; a large, stout woman.

a >H> qahd (v.n. of -H*), Going with short
steps ; a species of small-eared reddish
sheep ; a calf ; a lamb ; brown, dark ; clear-
coloured, white; — qihd, An old man; —
qahad, Name of a place.

a ^ qahr (v.n.), Conquering, overcoming,
subduing ; force, violence, oppression, sub-
jection ; power, lordship, rule ; vengeance ;
severity, punishment, chastisement ; judg-
ment ; rage, fury, wrath, indignation ; re-
sentment ; calamity ; a mischief-maker, a
fire-brand ; [qahr hardan, To conquer, op-
press, subdue, tame ; — qahr 'giriftan, To
fire up, to fly into a passion ; — az o qahr-am,
I am vexed with him (m.c.) ;] — qahir, Lean,
scraggy (thigh).

A "\y,» qahr-an, P. qahrdna, By force,
compulsively, by authority ; — qahr-an qahr-
an, By force and assault (taking a place).

a e^v> qahrabdn (for P. ^f£), Amber.

a q u hrat, Force; — quhrat-an, Forcibly.

a qahr-qiyamat, Great commo-

tion, terrible ado.

qahrawian, A valiant warrior, an
invincible hero ; name of a celebrated
fabulous hero of Persia; power, authority;
an administrator, curator, prefect.

a usJ^jS qahrndk, Disturbed, indignant.

a ^jfi qahri, Vested with the power to
punish (as a magistrate), avenging, vindi-
cating.

AjV qahz (v.n.), Leaping, springing; —
qahz, qihz, Cloth or a garment made of red
wool mixed with silk.

a yU-v quhistdn (for P. kuhistdn), The
country of Kohistan.

a Sy^i qahqarat, qahqara (v.n. of jA^I).
Retiring, retreating back; green wheat
turning black.

a Js;V qahqard, Much wheat stored up
in vessels ; a retreat, a retrograde motion ; —
rujii'i qahqard, A shameful retreat.

i&ici qahqa, A horse-laugh ; name of a
place in the district of Tiis.

A qahqahat (v.n. of 4^), Laugh-

ing loudly or indecently ; a loud laugh,
horse-laugh ; construed with bar-khdstan,
zadan, &c. ; — qahqa'i shisha, The guggling
of the bottle; — qahqa'i subh, Morning
bursting forth with a, bright smile.

a )Aa^ quhunduz (for P. kuhna-diz) , Name
of four fortified places.

a qahwat, qahwa, "Wine, especially
old and strong ; coffee, a decoction of the
berry bunn ; a breakfast, collation ; a coffee-
house; — qahwa khwurdOM (kashidan), To
drink coffee ; — yak qahwa, One coffee, i.e.
a cup of coffee (m.c).

a t i^-ty** qdhwaji, ^Jt^y*? qahwaehl, A
coffee-house keeper; groom of the Coffee-
Service (a court-charge, m.c.).

a jj^i qahwa-khrma, A coffee-house ;
the royal Coffee-Service (m.c.) ; the coffee-
room in an hotel (m.c).

a 0^ «jv> qahwaddn, A coffee-pot.

« (_s&; *jy qahwa-ramfi. Coffee-coloured.

A Zjnp qahirat, qahir a, The fleshy part
between the neck and shoulder ; the breast,
bosom ; (for qahirat) Cairo.

A qiy, qi, A desert.

A qay' (v.n.), Vomiting, drinking in
the dye (cloth), being thoroughly saturated ;
— quyi%\ Frequent vomiting; an emetic.

A &W» qiydtat, The act of nourishing.

qiydd, Reins, a bridle ; a halter for
leading ; — 'asiru 'l-qiydd, Difficult to guide,
unmanageable.

A i-i^si qiyddat, qiydda (v.n. of Jji), Lead-
ing (a horse) ; conduct, guidance ; pan-
derism, pimping.

a jW* qaiydr, Possessed of, or vendor of
pitch ; name of a man ; also of the camel
or horse of a certain poet ; also of a village.

a ^ qay-dranda, An emetic, vomi-
tive.

a ^ii'i qiyds (v.n. 3 of u~*i), Agreeing,
answering to in measure or comparison ;
measuring, comparing ; regular form, ana-
logy; measurement; comparison; reasoning,
argumentation, logic, syllogism ; opinion,
judgment, thought, imagination ; conjec-
ture, supposition, guess ; vieing with an-
other in guessing, &c. ; (pi. of qaus) bows ;
— qiydsi istisna'i, Conditional syllogism ;—
qiydsi istiqrdnl, Absolute syllogism ; —
qiyds kardan (giriftan), To estimate, judge,
imagine; — az qiyds, bd qiyds, ba-qiyde, Ac-
cording to analogy, regularly; — bi-qiyds,
Immense, beyond measure ; — khildfu 'l-
qiyds, Anomalous ; — 'aid 'l-qiyds, According

to analogy, regularly ; — 'aid ajyiiri'l-qiyde,
fhairu 'l-qiyas, Without rule7 irregular,
anomalous.

A "^Li qiydg-an, By analogy ; by con-
jecture or guess, conjecturally; — qaiyds,
One who starts horses at a race.

•*■ r"^** qaydsir, Sj—W* qaydsirai (pi. of
qaisari), Large camels.

a qiydsi, Analogical, analogous,

regular; hypothetical, conjectural, pre-
sumptive ; probable ; — gjiftir-qiydsi, Irre-
gular, anomalous.

A s^W» qaydsirai (pi. of qaisar), Ctesars.

a tl^s qiyaz (v.n. 3 of Agreeing with
anyone for the summer- season (qaiz) ; sum-
mer-heat.

a gW» qiya' (v.n. of gyi), Mounting, cover-
ing (a camel).

a <uU> qiydfa, Appearance, semblance,
likeness, resemblance; physiognomy; imi-
tation, representation ; port, air, gait,
manner, mode, habit.

a y^Uit iilji qiydfa-shinds, A physiogno-
mist.

a AiUi qiydfd-shinasl, The science

of physiognomy.

a J^i quyydl (pi. of qd'il), Those who
sleep (taking their siesta), or who drink at
mid-day.

A Si^ii qiydlat, Noon-day ; siesta.

•a qiydm (v.n, of p/), Standing up-
right, rising up ; making an insurrection ;
having charge of, attending to, superin-
tending ; being brisk (market) ; being
middling, moderate ; resurrection ; insur-
rection ; assistance, application, superin-
tendence ; Btanding position (in prayer) ;
stagnancy; stationarjness ; congealed state
(of water, &c) ; stability ; permanence ;
stay, halt, settlement; residence, fixed
abode ; (pi. of qd'im) standers ; [qiydm
kardan (namudan), To observe, fulfil, set
about, attend to ; — qiydm u qu'ud u ruku' u
sujud, Standing and sitting, inclination and
prostration (Muhamniadan postures in
prayer)-;] — qaiydm, Self-subsisting, eter-
nal; one of the names of God.

a jii.) qiydm-pazir, Stationary, at

rest ; stable, permanent.

a &*Li qiydmat, The resurrection, last
day ; confusion, tumult ; calamity ; exces-
sively great ; anything wonderful ; very
much ; construed with the verbs uftudan,
afgandan, har-khdstan, bar sari chize dwar-
dan, bar sari chize raftan, &c. ; — qiydmat
kardan, To achieve wonders ; — sahrd'i qiyd-
mat, The plain of the last judgment; —
yaumi qiydmat, The day of resurrection.

dj^H qiyamat-paikar («-~o pesha,

i^-jalwa, khirdm, sV& nig ah), Causing
a commotion by her aspect (manners,
brightness, gait, looks), epithets of a
mistress.

( m ) v

a j\j «w»\*S qiydmat-zdr {}^ Jtada, Mgdh),
The place of resurrection.

a qiydml, Stability, steadiness ;

stagnant.

a yW* qiydn (pi. of qain), Servants,
slaves; (pi. of qainat) girls, maidens ; sing-
ing-women.

a ^ji qai-dwar, An emetic (see 5^

jfjt** qvydwar. Work, employ, busmesB,
trade (see jty**) ; a badger ; a jackal ; a
workman ; interrupted in work.

a s->*j> qlb, Quantity, longitude, space,
interval; the part of a bow between the
handle and extremity (see s^*).

qlpd, A sheep's ventricle stuffed, Ac.

qlidr (G. Ki6d pa ), A guitar, harp,

lyre.

Jji^s qitwl, A castle, fort, fortress ; a
camp, military quarters.
<JiWe* qijah, A violin.
t qaicM, Scissors ; — qaichi kardan,

To cut up (light coin).

A cfti qaih (v.n.), Beiug purulent (a
wound) ; matter unmixed with blood, pus.

a .xJ qaid, Confinement, restraint, im-
prisonment, restriction, obstacle ; bondage;
control ; a fetter, pinion, manacle ; sword-
straps, frogs ; a book-binder's press ; a
paction, bond, article of agreement ; a
compact, treaty, bargain ; regulation ;
obligation, restriction, modification; length
and quantity, measurement ; registration,
enrolling in a public list ; the quiescent
letter (not of prolongation) which precedes
the rawi or final consonant of the rhyme (as
r in mard) ; [qaidu 'l-asndn, The gums ; —
qaidu 'n-nikah, The bonds of matrimony;
the marriage contract ; — qaidi farang, A
kind of fetter used by Europeans, (met.)
imprisonme2it from which there is no
escape ; — qaid kardan, To confine ; — dar
qaid budan, To run after a thing, to covet
it (m.c.) ;] — qid, Quantity ; worth, value ;
\_qidi rtimh, A spear's length ;] — qaiyid.
Ductile, tractable (horse).

qaiddfa, Name of the queen of
Barda', contemporary with Sikandar.
a Xz* qaid-band, A fortress.
a aiU. j^ji qaid-khdna, A prison,
a i=^-j ^ qai-dast, Severe bilious vomit-
ing and purging; the cholera.

a iSJjS A-i qaid-karda, Fettered, impri-
soned.

qaidu, Name of a Mogul emperor.
a Sj^-sj qaidudat (v.n. of oy), Leading (a
horse) ; conduct, guidance.

a (jJ** qaidi, Imprisoned ; a prisoner,
captive ; a convict.

a jlj-J qaizdr, Kedar, son of Ishmael, and
progenitor of the Arabians.
a js> qir, A kind of pitch, used in smear-

( 999 )

J«3 qil, Pitch ; name of a vast desert.

A J** quyyal (pi. of gra'iJ), Those who
sleep or take their siesta at noon j speakers.

A. t)^** qlldn (pi. of qdl), Sticks, bandies,
or clubs for striking in the game of qulat.

a £J*» qailat, A camel milked at noon.

(jSl<s* qailuql, Pearl-ashes, lye.
, i/V**** qailamus, Prudence, wisdom, cau-
tion.

kjl** qailut, A kind of leek.

A £Jjl«i qailulat, Sleeping at mid-day,
afternoon's nap, siesta.

a qiyam (pi. of qamat), Pulleys, blocks;
(pi. of jtmai) prices, values ; statures ;
fathoms ; — qaiyim, Standing erect ; stature ;
true j one who has charge of, who looks
after j a guardian; a prince, chief; a tutor
(m.c.) ; — quyyam (pi. of qd'im), Standers.

T £W*i qaimdgh, jW» qaimdq, Cream.

a qlmat, qlma, Price, value, worth ;
estimation ; measure or stature (of a man) ;
steadiness, fixedness ; construed with the
verbs iastan, shikmtan,, kardan, giriftan,
&c. ; [qjmati auwali yusuf, The price for
which Joseph was sold by his brethren to
the traders (the second being that for which
the traders sold him to Pharaoh's chamber-
lain) ;] — qiyamat, Resurrection ; — qaiyimat
(fem. of qaiyim), Straight; a female guar-
dian ; — al-qaiyimat, The true religion, or-
thodoxy.

a gJ— v*~».«i qlmat-sanj gar), Who in-
dicates the price ; an estimator.

a ^aa* qimat-mandi, "Value, price.

a i^^rt* qimati, Valuable, high-priced,
costly.

t qaimaq, Clotted cream (see £W»).

a V«Jj**i qaimuliyd, Slabs of white polished
marble, on which fire makes no impression,
cimolite.

a <jy**» qaimun, A citadel or fortress
near Ramlah in Palestine.

qlma, Minced meat ; construed with
kardan and kashidan,

yfcj qlma-pildv, A dish of meat and
rice.

Ity* lU-i qima-shorbd, A sort of soup.

A qain (v.n,), Hammering (iron) ;
forming, framing, creating; repairiag,
mending (broken pots, &c.) ; smithcraft ;
a blacksmith ; a slave, captive, servant ;
name of a tribe ; also of a town in Yaman.
qind, A kind of purslain.

A (jjU-S qainan, Cainan, son of Enos, son
of Seth.

a qainat, A maid-servant, female
slave, singer, or musician; a tire-woman;
middle of the back between the haunches ;
the buttocks.

t (j^** qainchi, Scissors ; St. Andrew's
cross; the joists of a roof; a truss; a ros-
trum.

a gU^ii (jJ£ hanu) qainuqd', A society of
Jews that lived at Madina.

a qaini, Of the tribe of Banu '1-
qain.

a 'pi qayu', qayu, One who vomits
much ; an emetic.

A quyud (pi. of quid), Chains, fetters,
pinions ; stipulations, obligations ; laws ; —
shuriit u quyudi mlh, Articles and condi-
tions of peace.

A;j*» qaiyur, Of a mean origin, unknown
as to pedigree.

a quyuz (v.n. 3 of M, irreg.), Bar-
gaining with (anyone) for the summer.

a Jj«i qayul, Milk drank at mid-day.

a qayulat, A camel which the owner
keeps tied up for the purpose of drinking
her milk at mid-day, or for the mid-day
draught (qail).

a (•}** qaiyum, Permanent, lasting; stable,
fixed, steady ; peerless, matchless ; the
Eternal (God) ; an appraiser, valuer.

a qaiyumlyat, Permanency, sta-

bility.

a gj-J qwyun (pi. of qain), Blacksmiths.
qiwand, A concreted oil drawn from
the pistachio-nut.

a M qih (for <**ij waqlya), An ounce.
a (jjS* qa'i, Who vomits much ; an emetic.

<s) h (called Jcdfi tdzl or kdfi 'arabi), The
twenty-fifth letter of the Arabic-Persian
alphabet, and in Persian writing frequently
confounded with gdf, expresses 20 in
arithmetic (see J*r.l). This letter is inter-
changeable with s j, t kh, £ gh, J q, and
s h ; — ok (i.e. <j*> preceded by Z.fatha) added
to Persian nouns, forms diminutives, or de-
notes contempt, as ■pisarak, A little boy,
from fi&ar "a boy " ; mardak, A little
man, Or one of no value, from mard " a
man." It is also an expression of endear-
ment, as mdmak, Dear little mother; — ki
(before pronominal suffixes), k (sometimes
before a word beginning with a vowel) for

kih, That (conj.), which, who (pron.).
See e^tf, ut^, Ji-i, fS below.

a ^> ka (an inseparable adverb of simi-
litude prefixed to Arabic nouns or particles,
never to pronouns), As, like ; as though ;
[ka 'l-auwal, As at the first, like the first,
as before; — ka 'l-'adam, As though non-
existent, non-existent, null, void; — ka %
naqsh ft 'l-hajar, Like an engraving in
stone ;] — ka (pronominal affix of the second
person masc), ki (ditto fem.), Thine, your
(after nouns) ; thee, you (ace, after verbs) ;
of, to, for, from, upon thee or you, &c. (obi.
case, after particles).

( 1000 )

*r»^ kdb, Boast, brag; (for gav) ox, cow.

a it"\£ ka'bai, kdbat (v.n. of s-tf), Being
disconsolate, sad, melancholy ; grief, sad-
ness.

s^lf kdbta/ra, Foolish discourse.
£»IS k&bakji, A condiment eaten with
bread.

a tflS Icabir, Great, grand ; illustrious.

««W kdbuk, A bird's uest; a- pigeon,
house ; a basket hung up in a house, in
which domestic pigeons lay their eggs
and rear their young; old clouts sewed
together, -whereon bread is laid and bated
in the oven.

J»1S kdbil, Short ; — kdbul, Name of a
country and of a city, Cabul; name of a
musical instrument.

glflS" kdblij, The little finger; the smallest
toe.

fjk^ kahili, Myrob&lan ; — kdbuU, A native
or inhabitant of Cabul ; a kind of pea.

eftljtf kdblij, The little finger; the smallest
toe ; a basket hung up in a court-yard for
pigeons. (See j^^.)

kabin, A marriage -portion.

4*nlS kdbina, The eye ; — kdbina bad*o ddr,
Keep an eye upon him, do not loose sight
of him.

a o»ji^ kdbus, Nightmare; modus
coeundi.

kdbuk, A bird's nest ; a hen's nest ;
a pigeon-house ; a kind of basket in which
a pigeon lays her eggs ; old clouts sewed
together, whereon bread is laid to be baked
in the oven. (See ueXjIS)

kdbidan, To dig; to excavate,
hollow out ; to scratch ; to cleave asun-
der.

*-*-f>^ kdbieha. Saffron in the flower.

JisjlS kdbil, <*A-ilS kabila, A mortar.

k&bln, Matrimony, or rather the
ratification of it before the judge ; a mar-
riage-portion or settlement which a hus-
band is obliged to pay to his wife if he
dirorcea her without sufficient cause.

rU J fl < ' kdbina,, Cabinet (of the emperor,
&c, m.c. from Fr.).

^y^rflS kdbinl, A marriage - portion ; —
kabini'i zan kardan, To assign or promise a
portion or settlement to a, woman before
marriage.

uylS hat, A kind of rice which, with one
sowing, will yield crops for seven years ; a
drop ; name of a drug eaten with betel-
leaf, and which, placed upon sores, dries
them up ; name of a city in Khurasan, or,
according to others, in Turkistan.

A s^#£ kdtib, A writer, scribe ; an amanu-
ensis, copier, clerk, notary; learned, a
scholar ; the planet Mercury ; — kdtibi azali,
The eternal writer (God who pens the des-
tinies of men) ; katibu 'l-huruf, The writer
of these lines ; — kdtibi jdn, An epithet of
(} 0 <1 ; — kdtibi iirr, A confidential secretary ;

— kdtibi wahy, Surname of the Caliph
'Usman (Othman).

(j* 5 ^ kdtibi, A kind of short-sleeved vest.

ajylf Mtilda, «y>lS hdtura. The headache ;
astonishment, amazement; astonished, stu-
pefied, amazed ; one who announces news.

kdtussi, Religious, devoted to the
service of God; the sacredotal class, or
the first of the four orders or castes into
which Jamshed, an ancient king of Persia,
divided his subjects.

a v>*i» ,j£.Jy\£ kdtulilci~mazhub, Who
belongs to the Catholic faith, a Catholic

6" kdj, A blow, box, slap ; a wild pine-
tree ; a fir-tree ; squint-eyed ; name of a
caravansera between Earn and Bay ; (for
would to heaven ! — kdj khuiurdan, To
receive a slap, &c. ; (met.) to turn the
back, to take to flight;— kaj mdan. To give
a blow, a box on the ear, Ac.

i^s^s-lS kdjaki, Would to heaven that !

&>* t »-lS' kajira, A seed whence oil is ex-
tracted.

8^ kdch, A blow, cuff, slap on the nape
of the neck ; (S. kdcha,) a varnish with
which earthen vessels are glazed ; crown of
the head; (for ^£>IS) would to heaven!
(See stf.)
jl^-lS kdchdr, Household furniture.

Jl^lS kdchdl, Household furniture ; any
silken web or cloth.

Sy^-lS kdchra, Seed of bastard saffron.

;*«»-lS kachghar, Name of a city in Turki-
stan.

•s^-lS kachak, The crown of the head j a
nephew, a brother's son (unsupported by
examples).

kdchkina, A magpie.

&y^lS kdchura, Seed of bastard-saffron.

Jj^lS kdchUl, Wnggiag the hips in danc-
ing or buffoonery ; enjoyment, pleasure.

*y?lS kdchra, Seed of bastard-saffron (see
s^lS).

*^iS kdcha, The chin ; the side of a moun-
tain ; joy, gladness.

<_j?-IS kdcM, Milk-pottage ; a kind of
sweetmeat; a sort of varnish with which
earthen vessels are glazed over.

6j-&-l£ kachira, Seed of bastard-saffron.

u^lS Mchik, An electuary or hard balls
prepared from honey ; syrup of raisins, or
dry grapes.

"ij^lS kachina, Seed of bastard-saffron.

clS kdkh, A palace, villa, summer-dwell-
ing ; an apartment at the top of the house
open to the front ; an upper story ; a tower,
gallery, balcony, battlements, or any similar
erection for the benefit of air or a prospect ;
raiu ; name of a town in Khurasan ; — kdhM
mdh, The sign Scorpio, and the first heaven
or region of the moon ; — kdkh.i mmhtari,
Mansion of Jupiter, i.e the signs Sagitta-
rius and Pisces ; the sixth heaven.

( 1001 )

jjiU" kdkhij, Rust, spot, stain, dirt (doubt-
ful -word).

j*-^ kakhar, Jaundice ; blight ; rain.

^•^i kdkhwusta, kdkhfista, Seed of
bastard- saffron.

kdkhul, A variegated starling ; the
locust-destroyer.

kakha, Jaundice ; rain; winter.

^ lead, Avidity, greediness.

a fitf kddih, Studious, attentive, labori-
ous.

a. kadis, Anything f rom which one

takes an omen (as sneezing) ; especially a
bad omen (as a, deer appearing at one's
back) .

a s->^ hazib, A liar ; false ; failing to
conceive (camel) ; — subhi kdzib, The false
dawn; — qiydsi hazib, A paralogism, a fal-
lacy ; — ndqili k&zib, A false reporter.

a &> S£ kdzibat, kdziba (fern, of the prece-
ding), A lying woman ; a lie.

A ^ o^i kdzl, A sort of unguent ; name of
a fragrant flower ; red.

jtf kdr, An action, work, thing, affair;
business, occupation, labour, art, profession,
trade, commerce ; effect, impression ; ex-
jgency, need ; tillage, agriculture ; strife,
contention, war, battle; a word; (imp. of
kdrldan or of kdshtan in comp.) labouring,
acting; sowing; an agent, operator; a
sower; — kdri db, Excessive drinking; —
Jcdri db u dtinh ast, (met.) It is a delicate and
difficult work or business ; — kdri db u gil,
Construction or restoration of a building ;
— kdr az pesh bar-ddshtan, To push on an
affair ; — kdr az Bar guzasht, The thing has
exceeded bounds, it is done for; — hdr az
Mr bar-khdstan. One thing arises from
another ; — kdr ax kdr guzashtan, A matter
cannot be mended or helped ; — kdr an ham
guzashtan, Things are in a muddle ; — kdr
vfladan ba, To have to deal with, to have
business with ; — kdr anjdm dddan, To finish
a work ; — kari o gul kard. His secret has
leaked out ; — kdr bae shudan, The work
comes to an end; — kdr bald burdan, To
promote the work, &c. ; — kdr bald raftan
(giriftan), The work, &c., proceeds, is suc-
cessful ; — kdr ba-hais u bais uftadan, To be
baffled in a work and give it up ; — kdr ba-
Mudd uftddan, The work, <fce., is past
remedy ; — kdr ba-rdhat rasldan, The work
comes to an end ; — kdr ba-reift burdan, To
start a work well, to set it agoing ; — kdr
bar-sar uftddan, An affair occurs or pre-
sents itself ; — kdr bar ham zadan, To ruin a
matter ; — kdr ba-sdz kardan. To start a
work well ; — kdr bastan, To set to work,
put in practice ; to execute, perform ; to
use, exert, apply ; to obey, yield obedience ;
— Mr ba-ffAosha chidctn, To forget a thing ;
— kdr buland shudan, The work proceeds,
is successful ; — kdr band shudan, The matter
goes wrong ; — kdr band kardan, To finish a

work ; — kdr pesh afgandan {burdaii), To set
a work agoing, to promote it ; — kdr pesh
raftan, Matters are progressing; — kdr
peshi kase dwardan, To give one some-
thing to do, to occupy (tu.c.) ; — kdr tang
dxvardan (giriftan), To render a work, &c,
difficult; — kari chardah khalwatiydn, Con-
tinually burning; the lighting up of a dark
place ; the manufacture of lamp-black ; —
kdr chun zar (nigdr) shudan, Matters are
nicely arranged, in excellent order, well
disposed ; — kdr chun ear (nigdr) kardan,
To bring matters into excellent order; — kdr
ddshtan, To be useful; — Mr ddshtan ba,
To have work for, to command one to do a
thing; — kdr ddshtan ba, To have business
with, to deal with;— kdr dardz kardan (gi-
riftan), kdr dar pd afgandan (anddkMan),
To render a work, &c, difficult ; — kdri dast-
basta, A work that cannot be done by the
hand of others ; — kdr dast-am-ast, I have
work on hand (m.e.) ; — kdr-rd bald burdan
(giriftan), To set a matter well agoing ; —
kdr sdkhtan, To work, to labour ;-~kdr
sakhta shudan, The work is finished; — kdri
saJcht (girdn), A great work ;~kar sakht
giriftan, To render a work, Ac, difficult ; —
kdri ghuldmdn, Exquisite work (as requir-
ing young hands) ; — kdr farmudan, To en-
join, o rde r, give d irections, ove rsee any work ;
to employ, make use of, adopt, put in prac-
tice ; — kdri qadim, Indifferent work (as per-
formed by old people) ; — kdr kardan, To
work, toil, labour, trade ; to give effect,
penetrate, pervade ; to hurt, to do harm
(m.c,) ; — kdri kase bar-drdsian, To settle
one's business ; — kdri kase bar-adkjdan, To
settle one's business ; to prepare one's
funeral ;~kdri kase sdkfdan (tamdm sdkh-
tart), To do a person's work ; to make
one die ; — kdri kase shudan, A person's
work is done ; (met.) to die ; — kdri kase
yak-rii (yak-su) kardan, To settle one's
business ; — kdri kase yak-sfi shudan, One's
business is being settled ; — kdr girih shu-
dan, Matters are going wrong ; — kdri giyd,
A king ; a prime minister ; anyone who
commands, or is skilful in, business ; each
of the four eiements ; — kdr nasaq ydftan,
The work comes to an end ; — kdr u bar,
Negotiation, transaction occupation, affairs;
(see j j^;) — kdr' u kasb (jahd u kdr), .
Labour and industry, anything by which
one gains daily bread ',—ba-kdri db budan,
To be given to excessive drinking ; — ax kdr
rafta, Useless, powerless (limb) ; — az kdr
guzashtan, To be done unceasingly (m.c); —
ba-kdr dmadan (khwurdan) , To be fit, pro-
per, useful ; — ba-kdr dwardan, To perform,
execute, cause to take place ; to bring to
use; — ba-kdri chine kardan, To consume or
spend a thing ; — ba-kdr khwurdan, To at-
tend to an affair, to be of use in business
(iii.c.) ;— ba-kdr namadan, To show oneself

( 1004

? what

tu cki hdra'i, What good are you
are you worth ? (m.c.)

>>j6 hdrih, One who abhors, detests,
loathes, or abominates ; loath, averse, un-
willing.

\*>JS hdr-Jia (pi. of heir),

<j)\Z hare, An affair,
Making, art of making,
maker, worker, operator;
a champion, a warrior
hement, impetuous ; — Mm zahhm (zakhmi
Jean), A deep wound ; a mortal wound.

Q*tj6 kdridan, To sow ; to work ; to
saw.

j>jtf hdrez, A subterraneous canal, a sewer ;
a ditch dug round a field to convey water.
tj£ \>.j6 karez-kan, A digger.

Difficulties,
work, &c. — Jean,

manufactory ; a
an able wrestler,
; effectual ; ve-

A,

clever work-

hangar, An artisan,
man.

l£^2)^ hdrlgari, Good work, workman-
ship.

iiH)^ harm, Far off, distant.
fthdz, Shears, scissors, forceps, or any-
thing similar, or two-pronged ; a pruning-
hook ; a branch ; branches on which old
rags are hung to frighten wild beasts into
the hunter's toils ; a swing ; the den of a
wild beast; a hut built of wood, canes, or
straw on the border of a sown field or
melon-ground; a hermitage on a hill;
caverns in which, in some places, men or
sheep are lodged in winter-time; a pine-
tree ; a slap, box, or cuff on the neck.
hdzar, A fuller (see jj^)-
Ofi'j^ kdzariin, hdzirtm, A city and coun-
try in Persia (= t)j;j^q.v.).
i)\\S hd " " ~ '

kazura,
<iC~ kazirisag,

Seed of bastard-saffron,
•j_y" Kazirisag, Seed or grain of a
plant, doses of which are taken on new-
year's day at seven times seven intervals
(unsupported bv examples).

k&vwdr, A cassowary (m.c).
>>)\\S hdziul, Shears, scissors.
8ju hdza A house ; A hut erected in the
corner of a field or melon-ground ; a bed-
chamber built of wood and supported by
columns ; a hermitage on a hill ; a malkin
to terrify game into a net ; a hunter's
hiding-place ; a canopy ; a shady place.
ij>j\Z Jcuzira, A small cauldron,
fi hclzh, Squint-eyed ; a pine tree,
(jvj^ hdzhtriin, Name of a city in Persia.
kazhra, Seed of bastard-saffron.
kdzhghar, Name of a city io Turki-

stan.

)f£ hlzhti, Squint-eyed ; a pine-tree (see

sjtf hatha, A residence ; a hunter's lurk-
ing-place.

Syjtf kdzhira, Wild saffron ; seed of it.
(j*^ - has, A hog.

a <j*\£ has, A cup, goblet, bowl (especially
when filled with wine) ; wine ; a hog ; a
large drum.

a is»\~Xkds&t (pi. of hd's), Drinking-cups ;
cups filled with wine.

yL.^ kdsdn, A village near Samarqand.
diUtf kdsdna, A kind of bird of a reddish
green colour found in Khiizistan,

a s-—^ hdsib, A gainer, acquirer ; one
who toils for his bread ; an artist, artisan,
tradesman; an inquisitor; a receiver of
fines ; — aba hdsib, A wolf.

hdst, He diminished ; diminution ;
loss, damage ; a lie.
\i

hdst-kdr, A liar.
hdstan (imp. hah), To lessen,
diminish, damage, destroy ; to finish.
<u_AS' hdsta, Diminished, lessened,
^y-^ kdsti, Decrease, diminution ; lie,
falsehood.

Jedeuj, dHjtp~\£ kasjuk, A porcupine.
a J^tf hdsid, Worthless, deficient in
quantity or quality, not selling or passing
current, despicable, in no esteem ; dull of
sale, unsaleable (goods) ; flat (market) ;
destitute, in debt.

Aj~>^ kdeir, fern. S^JS" kdsirat, kdsira, A
breaker ; an eagle about to pounce ; —
hdsiru 'l-hajar, (stone-breaker) Saxifrage.

a Jcdsif, In a bad situation ; austere,
frowning; unfortunate, disastrous (day).
tsL.lS' kdsah, A small goblet.
iAsiwlS hdshma, Name of certain birds :
as, a kind of swallow, the bee-eater, a green
magpie.

f*— ^ k'ds-mu, iSf*-^ kas-muy (may), Hog'a
bristles ; the whiskers of the wolf or fox ;
hair about the pubes ; inexperienced, igno-
rant ; improper, unsuitable, useless,
trifling.

hdsan, A village near S.amarqand.
kdsni, Endive, white succory ; the
sun-flo iver ; — hdsam, An inhabitant of
Kasan.

kdsd, H)y~>^ kasura, A cloth at the
end of a pole with which bakers damp
their ovens.

a kdsa, A cup, goblet; a plate, saucer,
large or small, of brass, wood, or clay ;
porcelain ; the body of a violin or guitar ;
a large drum ; the firmament ; the sun ;
the earth, world ; — kdsa'i dtisMn, The sun ;
kdsa ancldkhtani asp, The horse strikes the
ground with his hoof ; — ham ba-khiin zadan.
To drink blood; — kdsa bar sari kase shikas-
tan, To disgrace, to treat with ignominy ; —
kdsa bar sar (ba-sar) hashldan, To empty
the cup to the dregs ; — kdsa bar hafi kase
ddshtan. To offer one a plate for receiving
alms ; — hdsa ba-ziri kdsa, Name of a wrest-
ling trick; — hdsa'i ballut, The cup of an
acorn ; — kdsa pesh i kase band hardan, To
court one's favour ; to flatter ; — kdsa peshi
hafi kase (peshi kase) ddshtan, To disclose
one's distress to another; — hdsa'i panlr
(jughrat), The full moon ; — hdsa'i chashm,
The eye-socket ; — hdsa'i khamir, A knead-

( 1005 )

ft

ing trough ; — kdaa dddan (dashtari), To
take a cup and offer it to a guest to be
honoured before others; — hasa dar hhun
tadan, To drink blood ; — hasa'i darweshdn,
A kind of drinkiug-cup, in the form of
a ship on one side, with a groove or a
spout on the other; a certain star, Co-
rona Borese, or Ariadne ; — kdsa'i zanu,
The knee-pan ; — hasa gadan, To drink ;
— hasa'i gar, The skull ; — kdsa'i sar-
nigiln (the inverted bowl), The heavens ; —
hasa'i sifalin, An earthen jug or basin ; —
hasa'i sum, The circumference of the hoof ;
— hasa'i tambur, The body of a guitar ; —
hasa shudan. To labour, strive ; to search,
inquire ; to be curved, bent ; — hasa kashl-
dan (giriftan), = hasa dadan above ; — hasa'i
garddn, The heavens; — hasa'i gar dun, The
Bun ; — hasa garm-tar az ash, The bowl is
hotter than the broth, proverbially said, if
one shows greater ardour in a matter than
the person concerned, or attempts to under-
take something impossible ; — hasa'i mind
(nigwn), The sky ; — Msa'i Jiam-sdya, A por-
tion of meat sent to one's friends ; — hasa'i
ham-say a du pa ddrad, Friendly presents
are (or should be) mutual ; — hasa'i yatl-
mdn, = hasa'i darweshdn above ; — hasa u
kuza, Household furniture; — siyah-hdsa,
Mean, sordid, avaricious.

)^» i-tf hdsa-bxz, A juggler ; a cheat, an
impostor.

^4 i-lS' kdsa-band, A maker or mender
of cups or dishes.

A^tf ]cdsa-pardaz, A glutton (see
jWv s ;*~ P- 685).

<*~H *-*^ kdsa-pusht, A tortoise ; the sky.

qS (Utf hdsa-tan, Hump- backed ; desti-
tute of all capacity or ability ; a corpse.

^SU? kdsa-tangt, Distress, adversity,
j &~M hdsa-doz, A mender of pots and
pans.

A~.tf kdsa-rud (hasa'i rud ?), Name of a

river.

y &~>tf hasa-sar-nigun, (one whose
cup is inverted) Liberal, hospitable.

f>~. i-.U' Jcdsa-sum, Large-hoofed (a horse).

5L- <s—tf kdsa-siydh, A miser.

uiUXa, <l.\£ hdsa-shihanah, A green magpie.

v>W^ 4~W kdsa-habdb, Meat dressed in a
pot.

J has a-kujd-bar, pfi hdsa-

huja-baram, and —

kdsa-huja-nih, hdsa-
hujd-niham, A parasite, who, by means of
a common friend, obtains an introduction
to a person's table.

t\S <utf hdsa-gdh, A band of music; the
place at the porch of a palace where the
drums are beaten at stated intervals.

jtfutf hdsagar, A maker of plates and
dishes; a drummer; name of a note in
music; also of the inventor of it ; the sixth
line on the cup of Jam.

(jjU^f hdsa-garddn, A beggar; a cup-
bearer ; pass the bowl.

hdsa-gardun, A cup-bearer.
~kdsagarl, The manufacture of
cups, plates, dishes, or porcelain.

(j^J 6~^S hdsa-lls, (plate-licker) A glut-
ton, a parasite, a feast-hunter ; a flatterer;
a beggar ; a miser ; a mean, low fellow.
d-AS' hdsa-nawaz, A drummer.
\j» &~.\£ Mza-hd, pi. of <s~.^ q.v. ; — hdsa-hd
bar-ham khwurdan, A great tumult arises.

hash, Would to God ! I wish to
heaven ! the city of Kashfm ; (S. kdefia)
glass.

yUl^ hashdn, A winter-habitation ; name
of a city in Iraq.

AiU,^ kdshdna, A bird's-nest ; a small
house ; a hall, dining-room, or parlour ;
a gallery, balcony, portico, lodge ; a stove ;
a winter-dwelling.

ijzi*^ kdshtan, To turn up or cultivate
the earth, to labour, plough, sow ; to dis-
appoint, render hopeless ; to turn away,
avert.

hdslita, Sown, laboured ; seed.
a kdshih. Secret enemy ; dissembling
foe.

yk&\£ kdshghar, A city in Turkistiin.
a <_a&^ kdshif, A discoverer, revealer,
detector.

tet*\£ kashvfta, Distracted, astonished,
&c. (= &iktJ\ q.v. p. 65).

a ijt^ Mshif'i, Revelation, manifesta-
tion.

usXitf kdshk, kash-hih, hdshahi,

May it happen ! God send ! would to
heaven! — hdshahi ddnistame, 0 would that
I knew !

l^S kdshim, The assafcetida-plant.

kdshmar, Name of a city in Turki-
stan ; name of a village in Khurasan, where
there formerly stood a cypress of great
size said to have been planted by Zoroaster ;
it was cut down and conveyed to Baghdad
by order of the caliph Mutawakkil.
hdshnl. Succory, endive.

a l ^x*>\Z hdshni 'araq, Name of a liquor
distilled from succory.

y^tf hdshti, The crupper of a horse.

kasha, Wild saffron ; ice ; a straw
hut erected in the corner of a sown field.

^fctf kdshe, Would to heaven ! — hdsht,
Painted and glazed tiles, with which the
insides of baths or houses are covered ; of
the city of Kahiin.

y, kdshi-paz, A potter.

^jjV- kdshi-sazl, (jAtf hdsfu-kdri,
Manufacture of or work in glazed tiles.

a fMZ kdzim,, (A camel) that docs not
ruminate.

a <ui>\Z kdzimat, Name of a place.

a s-c^ hd'ib, (A girl) with Swelling
breasts.

hagh, Fire; that which ruminant

( 1006 )

animals bring up to be masticated, the
cud ; the rattling noise of beads shaken in
a goblet ; complaint, lamentation ; a moor-
hen, coot ; croak of a raven.

hagltala, A seed whence oil is ex-
tracted.

kdgkad, kdghjd, and —
kaghflz, length, Paper ; a letter ; a
charter or patent, presented by the kings
of Persia to those whom they mean to
honour, and "by virtue of which the governors
of every district through which the holder of
it travels most supply him, the moment he
presents it, with carriages and every neces-
sary to which his rank is entitled ; a trifle ; a
small quantity of anything ; — kag&azi atfal
{had), A paper kite; — kdghazi hank, A bank-
note (m.c.) ; — kdghazi baiti, The plan of
a house (?) ; — kdghazi chaspdnlda, Paste-
board ; — kdghazi da/tar, A sheet upon
which the revenue-accounts are drawn out ;
— kdghazi daftarl, Common paper ; — kd gh azi
dawd'i, A medical prescription; — kdghazi
rawsan, Coloured paper for covering win-
dows ; kdghazi zar, Gilt paper ; gold

leaf; any paper in which gold-beaters en-
velope gold and silver leaf ; a roll of gold
coin ; a draft ; a royal diploma assigning
to its holder a certain daily stipend out of
the public revenue; — kdghazi mr-afshdn,
Paper sprinkled over with gold ; — kd gh azi
sarkdri, Government paper, a government
promissory note ; a currency note ; regis-
tered or stamped paper ; — qdghazi samar-
qandi, A superior kind of paper ; — kdghazi
eozan (eozan-zada), Paper on which the out-
lines of a design are pricked with a needle
and from which they are transferred by
means of lamp-black on a white sheet ; a
pounce, stencil-card ; — kdgh&zi kabtid, Blue
paper in which chemists wrap their drugs ;
— kdghazi gar da (garda'i faswtr), Stencil-
card (see kdghazi eozan) ; — kdghazi nashshdf,
Blotting-paper; — kdghazi wasli, Pasteboard;
— kdghazi hawd'i, A paper kite ; — ba-kdghaz
burdan, To make a clean copy; (met.) to
exalt to the highest dignities.

•>lj ±k\£ kdghai-bdd, A paper-kite.
jJAi kdghaz-bun, Defalcation.

8,l» St\S kdghaz-pdra, A sheet of paper.

\# kdghaz-baha, Office allowance for
stationery.

4iW ifc\£ 'kagfiaz-khdna, A paper -mill.

j\j jLfcl£ kdyh.a.z-ddr. Holder of a letter
patent as described under q.v.

ijbjji ji^ kdghaz-farosh, A paper-seller, a
stationer.

jSifctf kdghazgar, A paper-maker or dealer.

yS afeU' kd gh az-glr. Paper glued to win-
dows for protection against wind and sun ;
a paper-weight, a letter-clip.

(jiitf kdghazi, A paper-maker or vendor ;
a stationer; a paper-case; anything
covered with a thin skin, as nuts or

almonds ; delicate, thin, soft ; a kind of
lime ; a writer.

(£>te\Z kdghazin, Made of paper.

£lj &i±\Skdghazin-bdgh, (paper garden)
Wreaths of artificial flowers used on festive
occasions.

(•J^lrH & j^S Mghazin-pirahan, &>M^
kdghazin-jdma, Paper garments worn by
supplicants to attract the attention of
the passers by ; (met.) cries of the op-
pressed, lamentation; weakness, destitu-
tion.

usXtW kdghak, Happiness, joy, content.
t ^ kdgh-kdgh, Caw or croak of a
raven.

kdghla, A seed whence oil is ex-
tracted.

kdghnu, A^itf kdghuna, A venomous
worm of a reddish-black colour ; a certain
bird which flies in the night ; cantharides.

g USjil^ kaghflUa, Golgotha.

kdgha. An idiot, a simpleton.

&*trt\S kdgMna, = q.v.

«-J^ kaf, A fissure, breach, crack; the
science of alchemy ; one who manages well
his affairs ; cleave thou ; (in comp.) cleav-
ing, splitting.

A J^fe/,Nameof the lettered/;; in gram-
matical parlance it designates, for Arabic,
the csl ka- of comparison {kdfi tashbih), or
the *aJ ka of the second person (kdfi mu-
khatabat) ; for Persian, the particle ^ kih,
either as relative and interrogative pronoun
(kdfi mansvX, kdfi istifhdm respectively),
or as conjunction, in which latter case again
it either stands iu the sense of because, &c.
(kdfi ta'M), or introduces a direct speech
(kdfi mufdjat) ; (for kdfi) sufficient, <fec.
(see ^^) ; [kdfi lauld-ka (the person indi-
cated by the pronominal ka of the Coranic
phrase " if it had not been for thee "), An
emblematic name of Muhammad ; — kaf w
lam (the names of the component letters of
the word JS', euphemistically taken for the
word itself), A man bald from disease ;
(met.) vanity ; an idle saying or empty
boast a lie ; play, amusement ; — kdf u nun
(designation of the word kun "be"), The
creative word ; two chapters of the Qur'an
so called ; — bi-qalami 'l-kdf wa 'n-nun, With
the pen, i.e. by the dispensation of the cre-
ative word or power;] — kdff, fein. kdffat,
kdf a, All, universal, "whole, total ; — kdffa 'i
andm (barlyat, ma'shari bashar), The whole
human race ; — kdfa'i ra'dyd, All the sub-
jects ; — kdfa'i 'ulum. All the sciences.

a kdffatan, All of them (came).

t^Jtf kaftan, To split, cleave ; to dig,
bore ; to examine, investigate.

kdfta, Cleft, riven ; searched, ex-
amined.

sxjitf kdftida, Cleft.

A jili kdfir, One denying God ; an infidel ;
(more particularly) a Cabulese; dark

( 1007 )

J*

(cloud) ; black (hair) ; a mistress ; one
who wears a garment over his coat of mail ;
a farmer ; sower ; the sea ; a mighty river ;
— kafiru 'n-ni'rna, — kafiri ni'ma below ; —
kafiri harbi, An infidel against whom war
is incumbent, opposed to: — kafiri gimml,
An infidel who pays tribute, and therefore
is under protection ; — kafiri kitdbl, An in-
fidel in possession of sacred books, i.e. a
Jew, Christian, or Majiisi; — kafiri rndjard,
A denier of facts, a quarrelsome fellow ; —
hafiri ni'ma, One unthankful for benefits
received.

kdfirana, Infidel-like, impiously.

a yU-.y^ kdfiristdn, A country inhabited
by infidels ; (more particularly) a certain
district N. of Afghanistan ; also Kabul.

a jitf Mfir-leesh, Infected with infi-
delity.

a <-^-4-*> yli" kdfir-ni'mat, Ungrateful,
thankless.

a us*** 1 kdfir-ni'mati, Ingratitude.

a j_s/^ kafiri, Of or relating to an infidel ;
infidelity, unbelief ; impiety; the language
of the Kafirs.

A J*tf kafil, One who fasts often, and
imposes Bilence upon himself whilst fast-
ing ; one who manages the affairs of an-
other, an administrator ; a sponsor, surety.

jlitf kafiu, Name of a bird ; according to
others, a shirt ; according to others, bold,
brave (doubtful word).

ajji^kdfur, Flowers of the palm-tree or
vine ; also their envelope ; camphor a
fountain in Paradise; anything white;
name of a tyrannical king put to death
by Rust am; a white wax-candle; nick-
name given in derision to a black slave ;
— kdfur baridan, To snow; — kafuri jati-
ddna, A very fragrant sort of camphor ;
— kafur kkwurdan, To eat camphor (an
expression used to imply deficiency of
virility); — Mfur dar mahdsin kaehidan,
To whiten the bread ; — kdfnri riydhl,
Camphor of the best quality, found in the
country of Qaisur, and named after Biyalj,
a prince said to have discovered it ; — kafuri
'amali, Artificial or adulterated camphor ;
— kdfur gustardan, To snow.

j4 )^k£ kdfur-bdr, (raining camphor) Any-
thing cold or fragrant ; snowing.

kafur-kjiwdr. Camphor-eater ;
(met.) very old, decrepit, impotent.

jji^ kdfur-siparm, White-leaved ba-
sil ; a yellow flower smelling like cam-
phor.

kafuri, Pure, an emblem of white-
ness ; camomile - flowers ; camphorated ;
Dame given to a black slave or an eunuch ;
— sham'i kafuri, A wax candle, camphorated
wax.

^UaU iS\S k&fa shanldn, Cafe chantant
(m.c. from ¥r.).
a ^jitf M/i, Sufficient, enough ; efficacious,

effective ; entire, perfect ; — kdfi-ka, Let it
suffice thee.

kafidan, To dig ; to split ; to seek.

kdfisha, Saffron in the flower.
kdjllu, A kind of slender-stemmed
Arabian thorn, to which slim persons are
compared.

a kafiya, kdfiya, Name of a cele-
brated grammatical work.

>*!^ kdk, Biscuit; dry bread; bread in-
differently baked; anything dried (espe-
cially meat) ; a thin man or beast ; the
moon on the fourteenth night ; the pupil
of the eye ; a man (opp. to woman) ; man
(in the sense of mankind) ; a boy, infant ;
a master, preceptor ; small, minute ;
empty ; name of a fortress in Azarbaijan.

MM, An old slave ; an elder brother ;
dry fruit; a paternal uncle; a schoolboy's
satchel.

kakdv, A boy's game.

tjUS'^' kdkhdti, Saffron in the flower.

Sjftf kdkira, kdkara, Pellitory.

y>/X kdkrez, Name of a purplish colour.

tsjij^ kdkretl, Purple-coloured.

Jiu kdkil, Flowers growing in water ; —
kdkul, Origany, marjoram; the herb alkali ;
a salt, bitter plant ; a kind of wheat ; a
lock of hair, of boys, men, or horses ; a
forelock ; — kdkul bar-ham aadan, To dishe-
vel the locks; — kdkuli sham', The smoke
of a candle ; — kdkuli subh. The early dawn ;
— kdkuli kase ehikastan, (met.) To compel
one to do a work (as it were dragging to
it by the hair) ; — kdkuli mishkin, Musky
locks.

^UiJt JS\£ kdkul- of shani, Shaking and
dishevelling the locks by way of coquetry.

Mi'tf kdkula, Name of a champion of
Iran.

a g)S\£ kaknaj, <^tf Mkuna,, Winter-
cherry ; nightshade ; a gum produced by a
tree in the mountains of Herat.

kdkii, Mother's brother ; name of a
grandson of Zahhak, killed by Minuchihr.

kdMti, A kind of origany, mar-
joram.

kdkosh, The violet.
JjXtf Mkul, A ringlet, a forelock.
Ij^kakfdi, Origany ; pennyroyal.
kdkuni, = q.v.
kdkuy, Name of a grandson of
Zahhak; and —

AjjSV kdkuya, A mother's brother.

kdki, An aunt ; name of Makan's

father.

W£U ' kdkiyd, A spider's web.

y^lf kdkiydn, Seed of wild saffron.

s/^ kdgara, Name of a medicine.

JStf kdgal, A pen, a hollow reed.

Jtf kdl, Unripe fruit; a gourd; a leek ;
a kind of rose ; breaking the line of battle
and flying, put to flight ; rout, dispersion,
flight; a clandesti/ie flight; confused

( 1010 )

lean) the backside; (for hi an), Because
that, since he ; — kani jud, A mine of libe-
rality, exceedingly generous ;—kdni sang, A
stone-quarry ; — kani maldhat, A mine of
loveliness or beauty, a mistress ; — kani
yasdr, A mine of wealth, very wealthy (see

A ka'anna, As if, as though ; verily.

\M hand, Foolish, stupid, senseless ; the
stem of a bunch of grapes or dateB ; a part
of a bunch of grapes.

kdndz, That part of the stem of a
bunch of grapes or dates which joined the
main branch or tree ; a bunch of dates.

a J^* - hdnjl-mahal, Licensed stews.

^ hand, Sugar, sugar-candy.

kdndar (for hi andar), For within.

a i-~ Jtf kdnsa (prop. Msa), A cup, bowl,
glass, goblet.

a kdnsagar, A cup or bowl-maker.

& hdn-han, A miner ; name of Far-
had.

^ fcjtf kdn-kani, Working in a quarry
or mine.

jjj&tf kdnguru, A kangaroo (m.c).

jytf kdnur, A fruit-basket.

a yytf kdnun, A fire-grate, a chafing-
dish or place for holding fire ; a fire-place;
any man to whom others look up, or whose
words are generally attended to ; heavy,
dull, phlegmatic ; form, manner, fashion ;
custom, rule, law ; name of two Syrian
months; — kanunu 'l-anwal, December; —
kanunu 'l-dkhar, kanunu 's-sani, January.

<utf kana, Price of provisions ; conten-
tion for dignity, &c. ; hypocrisy ; the but-
tocks.

a <u"Lf ka'annahu, As if he (or it), as if
indeed ; as it were.

^ytf kani, Mineral ; — kani namak, Rock-
salt.

kdneru, Mezereon.

a kdn-yasdr, Rich as a mine ;

opulent, wealthy.

a tjir*i fc)^ kdn-yamin, Like a mine in
prosperity, exceedingly prosperous.

^ kdw, Excavation, hollowing out, dig-
ging; examination, investigation, disputing
about the truth of anything ; (in comp.)
digging, excavating ; a digger, excavator ;
bold, intrepid, warlike ; well-made, hand-
some.

i*>\}VS kdwdk, Hollow, empty ; rotten in-
side ; cracked ; useless ; awkward ; pre-
sumptuous ; — miydn-kdwdk, Hollow in the
middle.

kdwdki, Hollowness ; presumption.
(jtijJ ^J\^ kdwdrd-dirafsh, Kawa's stan-
dard (see Sjtf below).

gjLjjjUi' kdwanldan, To cause to dig.
y-ytt kdwars, A small grain, millet (see

kdwarsa, Anything very small like
millet (see

^jj^ kdwark, A bird's nest; — hdwarak,
Name of a plant resembling a cucumber.

kd'us, =

\J>>)\£ kdwish, Digging ; investigation, in-
quiry j meditation.

kdivak, Empty, hollow.
<j)fr>W kdvkdn, Name of Qaran, one of the
heroes of the Shah-nama.

kdvkdv, A tap with a pick or sharp-
pointed tool ; speed, diligence, haste ; in-
vestigation, inquiry, search ; perturbation ;
in small pieces.
jjiSjVS' kdvkalur, A man's yard.
J^U" kdwul, A table-decker, sewer ; wild
leek ; Kabul.

<jsW}^ kdwaljak, ctW-j^ kdwanjaik, A fresh
cucumber.

tiS } \S kawanda, An examiner, investi-
gator.

<Ujtf kdvmna, A Spanish fly ; a fire-fly.

^•jjtf kdwus, Name of an ancient king of
Persia ; pure ; elegant, graceful ; radical ;
firm, constant ; generous, noble ; strength-
ened by divine aid; a subduer, conqueror;
a spark ; light, splendour, coruscation ;
nwiftness, impetuosity.

<d> } ^ kdwuk, A bird's nest.

J^tf kdwul, A taster, table-decker.

SjVS kdwa, The famous smith of Ispahan
who defeated the usurper Zahhak, and
established Paridun on the throne of
Persia ; a bag of musk.

^gjtf kdwi, Digging, investigating, &c.
(used in composition ; see

a ^LS" kdwi, Caustic ; name of the blos-
som of the fragrant palm-tree armdt (see
tUjI p. 39).

yiijj J^jtf kdwiydnl-dirafsh, Kawa's
banner.

aX^S kdwijak, = utW-j^q.v.

kdwidan, To examine, to investi-
gate, search ; to dig, excavate, hollow out;
to plough ; to dispute, contend, struggle,
wrestle, strain every nerve ; to mix, disturb,
trouble ; to fight, make war.
kdwish, A milk-pail.
kdivisha, The wild saffron flower or
its seed (see fyj 1 ^)-

JiA£ kdwil, kdwila, A mortar (see

yijVi kdwin, A dower (fe"e above).
tsUjjtf kdwinak, A year (in the dialect of
Shiraz).

stf kdh, (imp. of kdstan or kdhidan in
comp.) Diminishing; straw, hay; — kdh
agar az tu nist kdh-ddn az tust, If the hay
is another's, the loft is yours (proverbial
saying to warn against over-feeding) ; —
kdh dar ddhan giriflan, (met.) To ask par-
don ;—kdhi kuhna, Old stories, boasting of
the past; — kdhi maJcka, (makki), Camel's
hay, bog-rush,

yj^lAtf kdhdnidan, To diminish, to lessen
(trans.).

( 1011 )

yl-A^ Jcdhbdn, A keeper of a straw-bin,
of gathered crops, &c.

t^tf Icah-bun, Stubble ; a stubble-field.
i\£ kdh-khdna, A straw-bin, hay-
loft.

q\a£>\£ Icahddn, A hay or straw-loft.

l^fetf kdh-rubd, iJu.jSM kdh-rubdy, Yellow
amber (from its attracting straws) ; gum
of the walnut-tree ; also of a tree resembling
the pistachio.

kdh-rubd'i, Of amber-colour,
yellow, pale (a face from fear) ; electricity.

ji/>tf kdh-rez, s^yfctf kdh-reza, Straws or
dust blown into the eyes; chaff.

kdhista, Diminished ; — kdhista
ahudan, To be diminished, to lessen, to get
lesa.

\jr*>\£ kdhish, Diminution; consumption.

Juyi i\X kdh-farosh, A seller of straw.

&\i kdh-faroshi, A dealing in straw ;
— kdh-faroshi kardan, To deal in straw.

a li.<&\£ Mh-kashdn, The Milky way.

J£s>tf kdh-gil, Clay and straw for plaster-
ing.

jjSaVJ" kdh-gir, Stubborn mule ; unbroke
beaBt ; a desert (this unsupported by
examples).

^Jib\S kah-giri, Restiveness,. stubborn-
ness ; — kdh-girl kardan, To be restive or
stubborn.

a J&tf kdhil, Slow, tardy, languid ; indo-
lent, idle, lazy, negligent j unwell, sick, in-
disposed ; middle-aged ; — kahili pd'imurud,
One who lies all day long at the foot of a
pear-tree ; doing nothing, a lazybones.

a. kdhild, Ailing, sick, indisposed.

a wlUtf kdhildna, Slowly.

a ^ J*tf kdhil-tani, Sloth, indolence,

a kdhtl-qadam, Slow of foot.

a &\y J«VS kdhil-mizaj, JaV? kdhil-

wujud, Indolent, sluggish ; a lazy fellow.

a ijj&tf kahili, Sloth, inactivity ; slow-
ness, tardiness, languor, indolence ; cow-
ardice ; sickness ; — kahili kardan, To be
slow, sluggish, indolent.

a kdhin, A soothsayer, augur, pro-
phet, priest.

y\£Sjk\£ k&hangdn, The Milky Way.

y*^ kdhil, Lettuce, salad ; a bier (of the
Parsis).

4 jV^ kdhwara, A cradle (see S^ykU).

s-£**A£ k&hukub, A bier, a coffin.

,_s*u kdhi, Greenness ; grassy, grass-
green ; name of a dish.

(jj^jbVS" kdhidan, To be diminished ; to
languish, pine ; to diminish.

tStjtXX kdhida, Diminished, wasted, ema-
ciated ; destroyed.

hay (for ki ai), That O !

a utJ\Sk&'it, Filling.

a J^otf kdhil, = Jatfq.v.

a kd'in, fern, kftS' kd'inat, kd'ina.
Being, existent ; a created thing, a creature.

A cwLW kd'inat (pi. of kd'inat), Beings,

creatures, existences; the universe; pro-
perty, possessions, means ; stock, capital;
worth, value.

kdyina, •kujli' kdyina, Turn not away
your eyes from me ; according to others,
eye. [The word seems to be composed of
the Arabic ka " like," or the Persian ki
"that," with dyina "mirror," meaning
either " mirror-like " or "so that (I may
be as it were your) mirror." Cf., however,
above.]

s-S" kab, The inside of the cheek or
mouth ; mouth ; boast, vain-glory.

a kabl (v.n.), Inverting, overthrow-
ing, throwing one upon his face; winding
thread into clews ; being heavy ; kindling
a fire with the herb kubb ; — kubb, Name of
a bitter herb.

a kabdb, Meat cut in small pieces
and roasted with onions and eggs stuck on
skewers ; roast meat ; in Persian by a
metaphor somewhat strange to European
taste, freq\T Q ntly used as emblem of a
bosom burning with love or grief ; [ka~
bdbi bargi tdk, Roasted vine-leaves ; —
kabdbi tar as rani dhu, Flakes of snow ; —
kabdbi chize budan, (met.) To be enraptured
with anything ; — kabdbi husaini, A parti-
cular kind of roast meat ; — kabdbi khdm-soz.
A kind of roast meat : meat getting blaok
in roasting , half-roasted ; — kabdbi ddrd'l,
A kind of roast meat; — kabdb dar namak
khwdbida, Roast meat salted ; — kabdb zadan,
To eat roast meat; — kabdbi sang, SI eat
roasted on stones ; — kababi shdmi (qanda-
hdri), Kinds of roast meat famous in Syria
and Kabul respectively ; — kabdb kardan, To
roast ; — kabdb kashidan, To take the meat
from the spit or out of the pot to place it
in a dish ; — kabdbi guzashta, Roast meat
burnt or overdone; — kabdbi gul, Roast meat
dressed up in the shape of a rose ; — kabdbi
waraq (hindi), A kind of roast meat of
black colour; (the word is also construed
with afgandan, anddkhtan, rasdndan, &c. ;)]
— kubdb, Waving hills of sand.

a kabdbat, &^kabdba, Cubebs.

t^tfi s-*W* kabdb-cMni, Cubebs.

t}\&y£ kabdb-khdna, A kitchen, cook's
shop.

a kababi, Pit to be roasted ; roast-,
ing; one who roasts, a roaster; a maker of
kababs.

a >±>W^ kabds, Ripe fruit of the tree isHjt.

a oW* kibdd (v.n. 3 of -^), Waxing callous
to evil, enduring it with all its inconve-
niences ; — kubdd, Disease of the liver.

a t^^i kabdda, A weak bow for practis-
ing.

kabdr, A man who brings wood from
the forest for sale.

AjW*' kibdr (pi. of kdbar), Capers; (pi.
of kabir) great ; grandees, nobles ; men
renowned for wealth, knowledge, or sane-

( 1012 )

tity ; — hubdr, Great, huge ; — kubbdr, Very
great, very large, immense.

«>W^ kabdra, A kind of basket ; a bee-
hive ; a sort of earthenware cup.

a kubbdrlyat, Greatness.

a y»W^ knbas, Great and with a large
gland (penis) ; one who wraps his head in
his garments and sleeps.

k£>W^ kabdk, JW^ TeaJbal, A rope made of
the fibres of the palm-tree.

a ($\<£kubun, A camel's disease ; — kabbdn,
A camel suffering from the disease kubdn.

AyW^ kubd'ir (pi. of kabirat), Great,
large, enormous things ; mortal sins.
kabt, Mbt, A bee.

a i-s-A kabt (v.n.), Throwing prostrate
with the face downwards ; humbling, dis-
gracing; ruining, destroying.

^ kabitd, A kind of sweetmeat (see
U«S).

kabtar (shortened from kabutar), A
pigeon.

a e-^&abi^v.n.), Being tainted, corrupted
(meat) •, rendering sad. and melancholy —
kabis, Corrupted.

&jkabj, Self-praise ; conveniency, utility ;
part, portion ; a stick for stirring beer ; a
hook with which ice is removed ; a little
garden ; (also kabja) a docked ass ; a beast
of burden having the lower part of the
throat swollen.

&4 kabch, A beast, the lower part of
whose mouth is swollen.

kabcha, A ladle, skimmer ; spatula,

trowel.

A kabh (v.n.), Eeining in (a horse) ;
keeping back, hindering from business ;
striking with a sword.

±4 kabd, kabdd, Solder, glue ; haste ;
fat.

A ^ kabd (v.n.), Striking in, or aiming
at, the liver ; the liver ; the heart ; the
middle of the vault of heaven ; — Mbd, kabid t
The liver ; [kabidu 's-samd, The midst of
heaven ; — kabidu 'l-qau$, The handle of a
bow;] — kabad (v.n.), Being in pain, suffer-
ing from a diseased liver; severity (of
weather) ; adversity, hardship, calamity.

kabddd, (in the dialect of Shiraz)
A kind of mushroom.

j4 kabr, (in Pehlevi) A corslet of iron ; —
kabar, Capers.

A y£ kibr, Pomp, pride, haughtiness;
magnitude, magnificence ; power ; — kibr,
kubr, Nobility, eminence ; the greater or
better part; — kubr (v.n.), Being large,
great, bulky ; great, greater, greatest ; —
kubr, kuburr, The chief of a family, the
nearest of kin to the head of a family ; the
first degree of kindred ; — kabar, Capers ; a
drum ; — kibar (v.n.), Beaching to an ad-
vanced age, being full of years ; great old
age ; — kubar (pi. of kubra), Great (as
cities) ; major propositions.

A kubar a' (pi. of kablr), Great men»
grandees.

W j4 kabar-bd, Broth seasoned with
capers.

a kabr at, kaburat, A great age ; —
kibrat, A great crime ; greatness ; pride.
kabard, Name of a champion,

■£>j£ Jcabarak, Name of a thorny plant.

\j kabar-wd, Meat dressed with capers
(see W

kabra, A coat of mail (cf . *4 kabr).
A kubra (fern, of akbar), Greater ;
great (city) ; the major proposition of a
syllogism.

a kibriyd', Grandeur, magnificence,
power, excellence ; pride, haughtiness ; a
name or an attribute of God.

a ^J^ip^ kibriyd'i, Almightiness.

a ut->yi£ kibrit, Fine (gold or silver) ;
sulphur, brimstone ; a match dipped in
sulphur ; — kibrrti akmar, The philosopher's
stone.

ijijjfi' kibrlti, The colour of sulphur;
sulphur-coloured.

a <j-?£ kabs (v.n.), Filling up (a well or
river) ; wrapping up one's head in a gar-
ment; assaulting suddenly and surround-
ing (a home) ; — kibs, Earth filling up a well
or river ; a large head ; a house of mud ;
root, origin.

kcibast, The dog or ass- cucumber ;
colocynth ; bitter as colocynth ; deadly
poison ; bark of the sugar-cane.

js... ;. < kabaetu, <u— kabasta, The bitter
gourd.

a kabsh, A ram ; a battering ram ; a
prince, chief, leader ; — kabshi fidd, A ram
or sheep for sacrifice.

kabk, The hand ; palm of the hand ;
[kabk ehikastan, To lose a track ;] — kabak,
A gold or sable border of a collar (= **k*S
q.v.).

a s-£*» kabkab, Name of a mountain ; —
kibkib, kabkab, A kind of game ; — kibkib,
kubkub, A troop, a ball of thread ; weight,
heaviness ; — kvhkub, Compactly built (man).

a &i.£f^ kabkabat, kabkaha (v.n. of «, ■ £; ^),
Overturning, throwing (one) prostrate on
the ground •, the noise made by the feet of
camels, horses, or men; — kubkubat, A troop
of horses closely wedged together.

Jiftfs j.C^ kabkanjir, A sling ; a bird flying
swiftly and high ; a woodcock.

•it^ kabg, A partridge ; — kabgi biydbdni
(a modern word), Wild or desert partridge ;
— kabgi dart, A beautiful kind of partridge ;
according to others, a mountain partridge ;
— kabgi raqqds, A prancing horse ; — kabgi
ghairi darl, A smaller kind of partridge ;
— kabgi kar, A woodcock kabgdni bazm,
Cup-bearers ; singers ; lovers.

jUir, taJC-S' kabg-raftdr. Graceful as the
partridge in gait and motion.

a ^kabl (v.n.), Fettering (a prisoner),

^ ( 1013 } ^

keeping bound in prison j a large chain or
fetter ; — kabal, A skin with short hair or
wool; a garment made of sheep-skin.

kabn (v.n.), Sewing (cloth or a
leathern bottle) which has been turned in ;
turning in the lip of a bucket; keeping back,
withholding ; causing to disappear, to be
invisible, or not to be found ; becoming fat ;
— kdban (v.n.), being thick and fat.

•p*** - kabanwara, Speaking with anger
and vehemence.

y£ kabu, Lettuce (see p£ for which it is
perhapB a misreading or vice versa).

a. pi Itabw, hubii (v.n.), Falling on the
face ; emptying (a vessel) ; running (a
horse) ; sweeping away (rubbish, snow,
Ac.) ; covering fire with ashes ; rendering
oold, coojjng.

/pi kabutar (S. kapota), A pigeon, dove ;
— kabutari bdzi-kun, A tumbler pigeon ; —
kabutari par-pa, A kind of pigeon with
feathers about the feet, and flying slowly ;
— kabutari tdj-ddr, Gaura coronata ; — ka-
butari tea-par, A swift-flying pigeon; —
kabutari haram, Mecca pigeons which are
not allowed to be killed ; a lady of high
birth whose hand it is difficult to obtain ; —
kabutari du-bdma (du-burji),. A pigeon that
has no nest of its own ; (met.) a fickle
person ; — kabutari shalwari, A sort of pigeon
plumaged about the feet ; — kabutari nama-
bar, A oarrier-pigeon ; — kabutari riiydts, A
playful sort of pigeon ; — kabutari y&hu, A
pigeon said to ntter the sound yd-hu (see
y»li). _

/pS kabutar-bdz, Playing or gaming
with pigeons, laying bets on their flight;
a pigeon-flier ; (met.) a gallant ; a cheat.

«ju^ fyf kabatar-bdei, The rearing of
pigeons, pigeon-fancying.

oWy^ kabutarbdn, A breeder, feeder, or
trainer of pigeons ; a pigeon-fancier.

*f. j?pi kab-Htar-bacha, A young-pigeon ;
an unripe poppy-head, wrapped in pease-
meal, and fried in butter or oil.

AJU. j»pS kabutar -khana, A pigeon-house.

P* kabfdar-dam, Kissing and billing
(as lovers) ;— kabutar -dum (pigeon's tail),
The end of a turban-sash or waistband
standing straight out ; a particular nib of
a pen.

03 kabutar-«an, A pigeon-shooter

(m.c).

<J*3 fy£ kabutar-zani. Pigeon-shooting
(m.c).

Sr»T rj/pi kabHiarwdr db, Fordabie place.

•>pS kabud, Blue ; name of a mountain.

a. tpi kubiid (pi. of kabid), Livers.

d^pi kuboddn, Coriander-seed ; name of
a village in the dependencies of Nlshabur.

ut»*> JpS kabud-pusht, The sky.

Jpi kabud-chashm, Blue or grey-
eyed.

a jUa. *p£ kabud-hi&ar, The sky.

y*pi Tcabudar, An animalcule living in
water, which the small fry devour; a
heron.

a is~*A. kabiid-tasht, The sky.

J>'^)<f kabudwash, Of a bluish colour.

Upi kabuda, The gnat-tree; a kind of
tough willow growing spontaneously; name
of a herdsman of Afrasyab.

ts J r^ kabudi, Blue, azure, cerulean ; a
turban with a blue sheepskin border; —
kabudi zadan, To tattoo ; to have oneself
tattooed; — kabudi kabud, Of a deep blue ; —
ba-kabiidl zadan, To assume an azure colour,
to incline to blue (m.c).

tiCl; is-ipi kabudi-rang, Blue, azure.

jp* kabwar, Name of an Indian fruit
(unsupported by examples).

(j*p* kabos, Crooked, bent.

&pi kabuk, A female bird (there being,
it is said, no male of the species) which
flocks and pairs with birds of different
kinds ; a certain water-fowl.

a dpf> kabbulc, A lark.

QpSkubun, v.n. of, and = q.v.

Hpi kabwa, A kind of vegetable (unsup-
ported by examples.)

kaba, kuba, kubba, A cupping-glass;
a rising, a swelling.

^4kabi (8. kapi), An ape, a baboon.

a kuba (pi. of kibd'), Aloe-woods.

kubaitd, A sweetmeat made of
almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and oil of
sesame ; a cake made of sesame and sugar ;
— kubltd, A cake made of fine flour, honey,
and sesame-oil.

usl*-*£ kubaitak, A tool for notching mill-
stones.

kubita, A sort of sweetmeat.
kablcJia, An animal whose lower
jaw is swollen; a contrivance for scratch-
ing the back ; a curry-comb .
kabid, Solder ; glue.
kabldan, To put out of its place.
ix^ kubida, Meal baked in the oven ; a
dish made of barley, rice, and butter ;
coarsely-ground (wheat or barley).

kablr, Great, large, bulky ; im-
mense ; he:ivy ; grave, serious ; full grown ;
elder, senior ; a nobleman, grandee ; —
kablr shudan, To grow up (to man's estate) ;
— fasddi kablr, An enormous sin, capital
crime ; — waM 'l-kablr (the great river), The
Guadilquivir.
a kabira, A great or heinous sin.
a 2 — kabisat, kablsa, Intercalary, em-
bolismal ; — sdli kabisa, Leap'year.

e £m* kabikaj, A kind of wild parsley, and
a deadly poison ; the patron angel of
reptiles ; king of the cockroaches (in
India frequently inscribed on the first
page of a book, under the superstitious
belief that, out of respect for the name of
their king, the cockroaches will spare it).
kdbln, A dower, marriage-portion.

( 1014 )

kiip, The mouth ; — bar kup, Outside
the mouth ; — dar kup, Inside the mouth.
diff kapok, A wagtail.
t)*-S" Icapan, A balance with a scale at one
end and a stone weight at the other; a
steelyard.

kapcha, A ladle, skimmer.
haprds, Joke, jest, wit, humour.
•"^V kapanah, Mpanak, A woollen cloak
or wrapper used by the poor in winter.

kapuk, A female bird (there being,
it is said, no male of the species) which
pairs with birds of different kinds.
^ kappa, kuppa, A cupping-glass.
i_s^ kapi t Icappi, An ape (see
fc)^^ kapitdn, A minister or councillor of
a European ruler ; a captain (m.c).

hapidan, To rob, seize, ravish.
hat, A subterraneous canal, common
sewer ; a royal throne ; the throne of the
kings of India; — kit (for Id tv,}, Who thou,
that thou ; (for hi til-ra) what to thee ?
who to thee ? — hut. Gold or silver ingot,

^ katd, (in Zand and Pazand) A writing,
mandate.

a s- 1 ^ hitab (v.n. of s-^), Writing ; de-
scribing ; commanding, decreeing, making
incumbent upon; a book, volume ; a letter,
missive, despatch ; a commission, com-
mand, law, statute ; release, discharge,
manumission of a slave ; fate ; an inkstand ;
{kitabi asmani (ilahi), kitdbu 'Hah, The
Qur'an ; — kitabi bidarda, A worm-eaten
book ; — kitabi qdnun, A law or statute-book,
a charter (m.c.) ; — kitaM kashmir, Title of
a book treating on Kashmir ; — -Mtdbi gu-
zathta, An antiquated or obsolete book ; —
kitabi majid. The Qur'an ; — kitabi naql, A
story-book (m.c.) ; — kitabi ruimadl, (met.)
Anything futile, idle, absurd (cf, daftari
nawiadi under jXiJ p. 528) ; — al-kitdb, al-
kitabu 'l-mustatab, The Qur'an ; — wmmu 'l-
kitab, The first chapter of the Qur'an ; —
ahli kitab (ahlu 'l-Mtdb), Possessed of sacred
writings, i.e. Christian, Jew, or Majuai;
— gk^f -kitabi (one without a book), A
beathen, a pagan, an idolater (] — buttdb, A
writing-Bchool ; (pi. of kdtib) writers, secre-
taries, scribes ; Learned men ;—mu l cMi'mi
kuttdb, A schoolmaster.

A. kitdbat, kitabob, krddba (v.n. of

•~r*6), Writing, describing, inscribing ;
an inscription, motto, title of a. book ; an
epitaph ; the profession of a copyist or
scribe ; the ransom of a slave.

a kitdbcha, A small book, a booklet.

« kitdb-khdna, A library ; a
study ; a bookseller's shop.

a j\<i kitdb-ddr, A libravian.

a tSJ^ J kitdb-ddri, Office of a

librarian.

a Icitdbdan, A book-case.

a $ \^As£ kitdb-rii, Long-faced, oval.

a kitdb-faroeh, A bookseller.

y^US" katdbun. Name of a man and
woman; the daughter of the Qaisar and
wife of Gushtasb.

a kitabi, Belonging to a book ; book-
like, oblong ; — Mtdbi adami, A bookish man;
— kitabi chihra, An oval face ; — kitabi 'Urn,
Book-knowledge, book-lore.

h ij^i Jcatdra (comp, S. kartari), A spear,
javelin ; a short sword.

A U^kitaf, A cord for tying the hands
behind the back (kitf) ; a chain, fetter,
tether.

JWft«f«Z, Short.

Jcatala, A short spear.

f\£katdm, A place raised on pillars six
or seven yards high, where people sleep
on account of the dampness of the ground.

a q)^S kattdn, katdn, Linen, flax ; water-
moss ; foam or rubbish floating on water ;
[rangi kattdn, Of the colour of linen, grey
(as in French gris-de-Iin ;)] — kattdn, katdn,
A kind of garment made of straw -^kattdn,
kitdn, A grain from which oil is extracted,
linseed ; — kuttdn, A red, biting insect.

i^^f katdni, A kind of plum or apricot
(probably on account of the delicacy of
their skin).

a <~r&x£ hatd'ib (pi. of katibat), Armies,
battalions, troops, cohorts, squadrons.

Oji^Jcatdyiin, The daughter of the Greek
emperor married to Gushtasb and mother
to Insfandiyar (see e)*?^ which is another
reading of the name).

A.<^.x£]catb (v.n.), Writing, describing;
ordering, enjoining; joining; collecting;
knowing ; sewing a leathern bag or bottle ;
stitching Tip (a camel) so as not to afford
access to the male ; (pi. of kdtib ?) scribes,
doctors, learned men ; — kutub (pi. of Mtdb)-,
Books ; — kutubi sultiniya, The scriptures of
the Lord, divine books ; — kutv.bi samdwi,
Heaven-sent books ; — kutubi mUsa, The
Pentateuch ; — ddri kutub, A library,

a *iU Jcutub-khdna, A library.

a (2\x~->zS Icutubistdn, A library, a museum.

a kutubi, A bookseller, bibliopo-
list.

a Ae-j^ ktituUyat, A library.

a fcaf/i (v.n.), Eating to one's fill;
throwing dust upon a person (wind) ; pull-
ing one's clothes off or about (wind).

katakh, Butter-milk; milk, butter-
milk, and salt ; — katikh, A mixture of sweet
and sour.

kat-khudd (for kad-kkudd, "master
of the house"), A lord-lieutenant, a viceroy,
vicegerent, vicar, locum tenens, deputy ; a
rich or great man, the chief inhabitant of
a place ; (astrologically) the lord of the
ascendant, the predominant star at a per-
son's birth.

kat-Jchudd-pasand, Common,

low.

(jftj'aifS*' hat-kkudd'i, The office of overseer;

^ ( 1015 ) ^

state of a householder, house-keeping ;
marriage.

j** katakh-gMr, Butter-milk mixed
with milk and butter.

a jjZ Jeatad, Name of a star ; — katad,
katid, The part between the shoulders ; the
withers of a horse.

. katr, A small camel-litter in which
ladies travel ; a camel's hump ; — kitr, A
cupola or arched building (resembling a
camel's hump) ; a tomb of the ancient tribe
of 'Ad.

oV*^ katr an, Liquid pitch (see t>V°>).

katrunitan, (in Zand), To remain

still.

*/% katra-patra, Piece-meal ; name of
a thorny plant of which camels are fond ;
foolish talk (for the last see ifv^)-

<j^& katag, (in Zand and Pazand) Small.

y'- ~ *x f kataetu, probably misreading for
yt~~«^q.v.

a 5" Jeut' (v.n.), Q-oing off with ; being
active, alert, quick ; fleeing, running away ;
— kuta', A fox's cub ; mean, abject, de-
spicable; active, nimble, alert; clever, ex-
pert, intelligent.

J\*xffeat'dl, A catamite.

Jcat'dla, A catamite ; a strumpet.
katagJi, Sour milk dried.

a <JL^ katf (v.n.), Striking on the
shoulders ; galling the shoulders (saddle) j
tying one's hands behind the back ; drawing
the timbers of a camel's saddle tight upon
one another; being high in the withers
(horse) ; walking Boftly, and moving the
shoulders withal; being kind and easy,
favouring; — kitf, Jeatif, The shoulder, the
shoulder-plate ; [kitf bar-sadan, To shrug
the Bhoulders ; to rejoice ;] — kutf (pi. of
aktaf), "Wide- shouldered (horses, &c.) ; lame
in the shoulder (the Bame) ; — kataf (v.n.),
Being broad (shoulders) ; being broad-
Bhouldered ; halting from dislocation of, or
pain in, the shoulders ; breadth of shoul-
der ; a complaint in the shoulder.

a UcS kitf-sdra, The withers of a
horse ; the shoulder-blade.

a olsS' kitf-gdh, The part of the human
body where the shoulders are placed.

katak, A species of ugly short-legged
sheep (peculiar to Bahrain) ; (S. Jcataka)
a grain used to clear water ; the crab-
apple; — kutak, kutk, A club, a short stick
with which bhang is ground, a pestle ; a
Btick for castigation ; — kutak zadan, To
chastise ; to afflict.

j\SJ£ katkdr, Jcatkar, A carpenter.
kutkutu, A kind of origany.
kat-kan, A well- digger.

doJctf" katkina, Portion of a farm re-let; —
katkina kardan, To re-farm, or re-let.

jW luSLzS katkina-ddr, An under tenant.
katgdr, katgar, A carpenter.

Ji^ katal, A wild plum; — kutal, A led

horse for parade ; a high hill ; the skirts
of a hill ; — shuturi kutal, A led camel.

a yW*^ kaialjiydn, c)W^A^ katalchiydn,
The king's domestic^, those who have the
care of pitching the royal tent.

katm, katam, Leaves of woad or

indigo.

a f^katm (v.n. of f^S), Hiding, lurking,
abscouding; covering, veiling, concealing;
suppressing, quelling (anger) ; [katmi sirr
kardan, To keep a secret ; — katmi shahddat
kardan, To refuse to give evidence ;] —
kutm, Indigo-leaf ; — katam, A kind of herb
which, mixed with privet, makes a tincture
for the hair ; — kutum (pi. of katum), Camels
which conceal their pregnancy by not cock-
ing their tails.

A yU^S" kitrndn (v.n. of Concealing,
keeping in; concealment; [kitmdni asrdr;
The keeping- of secrets ;] — kutmdn, The herb
katam (see preceding article).

j X *- " ^ katamtu, A tickling under the arm-
pits ; — katamtu dddan, To tickle.

a (-j^ katan (v.n,), Being dirty, nasty (as
a house with smoke, hands with blackness,
the lips of cattle with eating viscous her-
bage) ; — nastiness, filth ; viscosity ; — katin,
Dirty, grimy ; — katin, kitn, A large platter
or dish.

ftJ^£ katambar, katartthal, Slow ; a

glutton.

katu, Name of a bird which devours
gravel ; — kutu, A cotton-pod.

kutwdl, The porter of a castle ; a
kind of officer of police or magistrate, who
apprehends rogues, inspects taverns and
houses of promiscuous entertainment, and
determines disputes of inferior moment.
,JXyZ kutwdll, The office of kutwdl
} y£ katur (the verse quoted in support
seems to require the reading katwar), Name
of a place between Turin and India.

pfi katum, A certain bird (comp. y>£
katu).

a ffZ katum, Close, who conceals (his)
thoughts ; notchless (a bow) ; silent when
mounted upon (a camel) ; a camel that does
not cock her tail though pregnant; — kutum
(v.n. of Concealing her pregnancy by
not cocking her tail ; twanging (a bow).

vi** j >j^i kut u mut, Really, truly, ex-
actly.

ja^ kathal (S. kantaphala), The Indian
bread-fruit tree, Artocarpus integrifolia.

a s~tf*£ kiteb (by Imalah for kitdb), A
book ; — kitib, A chain, fetter ; manacle,
shackles.

a katibat, An army ; a troop,

squadron, battalion of men from 100 to
1,000 ; name of a fortress at Khaibar.

katir, kutir, The appearance of water
in the desert, mirage ; marshy, unfertile
ground ; a kind of stuff.

katir an, Pitch (see oV 8 *)*

(

U^^v kaj-palas, — jV? gS'q.v.
tr*^ kaj.paldsi, Unfair play ; fraud ;
depravity.

. Lt ~*^ faijat, A small house where a falcon
is fed and kept; silver (doubtful word).

f^f kaj-chashm, Squint-eyed.

i^*** x£ kaj-chaehmi, Strabismus, squint.

l*^ kaj-khirdrn, Moving crookedly
(heaven).

or*V*" kaj-khirdmi, A crooked or a wry
walk.

a j£ kaj-khulq. Ill-tempered, cross.

*V- kaj-kjiwdh, Deceitful.

o*V- kaj-jchwdhi, Deeeitf ulness.

jiy* jtAs^S' haj-ddr marez, Evasion, subter-
fuge, putting off.

J J cf kaj-dil, Crooked in mind, perverse,
ill-natured.

f* 1 2^ kaj-dum, Having a crooked tail,
a scorpion, a dragon.

I) kaj-rd (^^ ray), Of crooked policy;
wrong- headed.

jUi^ Mj-raftar, kaj-rav, G-oing

awry ; unprincipled ; irregular.

<S)) kaj-rawi, A walking obliquely or
awry ; the want of principle, perverseness.

a £*t kaj-tab', Cross-tempered, cross-
grained.

a J** fc£ kaj.fi'l, Acting' crookedly, de-
ceitful.

a 5^ kaj.fahm, Misunderstanding,
perverting a meaning.

>skq£ kajak, A hook used in driving ele-
phants ; an iron curved at one end ; a rod
having one end bent, from which are sus-
pended balls of gold and silver for shooting
at; a drum-stick; a black feather in a
duck's tail, which couriers wear on their
heads and women in their hair ; a jar for
keeping rose-water and dates in ; a kind of
shell from which a medicament for the
eye is prepared ; a snail ; the gold or gable
border of a collar (otherwise called
kabak or yW*^ «W jahaki gareban) .

a kajkajat, Name of a game called

istu 'l-kalbat.

*^ g£ kaj-kulah, A beau, (lit.) wearing
the hat awry ; a beloved object.

*W kajala, A magpie.

B" kaj-maj, Very much crooked ; dis-
torted ; distorted speech or language ; a
jargon ; the babbling of a child ; — kaj-maj
raftan, To walk crookedly.

a &y kaj-mizaj, Cross, peevish; stupid.

a <l*Vx* ^£ kaj-mu'dmala, Deceitful in
business transactions.

J^gf kajnal, A small cannon carried on
an elephant.

to}** kaj-nazar, Envious, malignant
looks.

gS" kaj-nihdd, Crooked-minded ; cross-
grained ; ill-natured.

Icajwdj , Crooked, bent, wry.
h kajur, Zedoary, a Chinese root.

>17 ) &

•d&f kujiik, Sciatica or hip-gout.
&* ) kaj-u-maj, = g» £ q.v.

kajuman, A kind of nightshade.
kajawa, A camel- litter for women.
Jcaja, A thing crooked at the extre-
mity ; a hook on which meat is hung.

kaji, Kaw silk from the cones ;
crookedness, wryness, distortion; cross-
ness.

&Jj<&f kujirda, hujair&a, A leader, head
of a party, chief of a religious sect.

fi^kajim, Armour for man or horse ; —
sahili asbi kajmi-poshida, The neighing of a
barbed war-horse.

th^i kajin, Made of raw silk; armour
quilted with silk ; — kijln. Flour and oil.

^ huch, The scale of a fish.

h kachalu, Name of an esculent
root, Arum colocasia.

iS^S" kichrl, A kind of food made of
rice, pulse, and butter (eaten in Hindu-
at&u).

usi*.* - kachak, Name of an animalcule
which frets a leathern water-bottle.

Jj£$/ kachkul, A beggar's cup or bowl ;
a wallet.

J*/ kachal, One who has no hair, and is
marked with wounds or scars ; crooked,
bandy -legged; — kachal, kuchol, An animal-
cule which eats holes in a leathern water-
bottle.

aXȣ kuchvla, Dogsbane ; wolfsbane.

<_3^£ kachati, A disease incident to the
heads of children and causing the hair to
drop off ; name of a village near Ispahan.

J^a^ kachol, Motion of the hips in danc-
ing. "

kacha, A ring without a bezel ; the
chin ; a ladle ; a hook on which meat is
hung.

kaeha-hdzi, A game in which one
player has to guess in which of the other's
hands a ring is hidden.

(jj/" Jf<*^ kacha gul Jcardan, To become
manifest (anything concealed, a phrase
taken from the game mentioned in the
preceding article).

kachir, kachlrda, kuchairda, A

leader, head, chief of a party.

a %f kubh, True, aboriginal (Arabian).

a leiftal, A species of antimony; a
collyrium ; small beads, or anything simi-
lar, used as amulets against the fascination
of malignant eyes; — kahhal, An oculist; —
kahhali sharl'at, An epithet of Muhammad.

a JaJ kahl (v.n.), Being barren (the
year) ; afflicting and distressing people (a
year of famine) ; anointing the eye with
antimony ; a barren year ; dearth, scarcity ;
heaven, sky ; — kuhl, Collyrium, antimony
reduced to afiue powder, used for the eyes ;
accumulated wealth ; a certain pot-herb ;
[ktthlu 'Ljawahir, Collyrium mixed with
ground pearls (used medicinally) ; — kuhlu

( 1018 )

's-sudan, A tree bearing black berries,
which are excellent for the eyes ; — kuhli
tjiaulan, Juice of boxthorn; — kuhli fars
(Jarsi), Sarcocolla, a Persian gum or bal-
sam, used in dressing wounds;] — kahal
(v.n.), Having black at the roots of the eye-
lashes (naturally, without the use of paint) ;
blackness of the eyes from using collyrium ;
— kahil, Anointed with antimony (eye).

ah^kuhld, Ox -tongue (a herb); melilot;
chickweed ; wild mustard.

o Jȣ kuhl-dan, A box in which
collyrium is kept (= y^o i*y» q.v.).

a kuhli, Of collyrium blackness.

° o**^ huhli-parand, Darkness of
night.

a tyz kukli-ckarkh, The first heaven ;
darkness of the sky ; blackness of night.

a 3i> o^*=^ Jeuhli-roz (*r-*> shab), = (J-*^
M A q.v.

a kuhaila, Ox -tongue (a herb) .
kakji, Name of a city; — kakh, kikji,
kukh. A mask, a deformed appearance,
anything similar to frighten boys ; — kikh,
Tasteless, insipid; — kukJt, A reed of which
mats are made ; a worm.
isstS" kukhta, A flame of fire,
gsfci knkhj, kukkch, Bircb, broom.

kaM-ztianda, An evil spirit, a

demon.

££5^ kikhkikh, A word used in deterring
children from doing anything; laughter;
— kukhkukh, Coughing; heat, warmth.

kad, A house ; beginning, first ; (in
Zand and Pazand) a person, somebody.

a kadd (v.n ), Importuning, urging a
request ; making a signal with the finger,
beckoning ; plaguing, tormenting, troubling ;
trouble, labour, fatigue; diligence, endea-
vour ; examination, search, inquiry ; — kaddi
farj, Meretricious work ; — kadd kardan, To
search for anxiously ; — kadd u kdwish,
Search, inquiry, examination, application ;
■ — kaddi yamin, Money gained by manual
labour, &c. (= q.v., p. S2S).

a kuddd, Name of a celebrated Btal-
lion-ass.

A kidds (v.n. of y"**), Sneezing (an

animal); — kudds, A heap of snow; the
Bneezing of an animal.

f\jS kvdam, Which? whosoever; who?
what ? someone ; (with a negative verb)
nobody.

i^aJ kid&mi, A light rough stone of a
dark green colour found on the sea- shore,
and used by tinmen; — kuddmi, Who? what?
which ?

kuddmm, Which of them ? — ba-
kuddmln, What ? whither ? — dar kuddmm,
Where ? in what place ? in whom ?

kadbd, (in Zand and Pazand) A

lie.

<*{ kad-bdnil, A married woman, mis-
tress of a family, lady, matron ; the body ;

an iron instrument used by engravers, seal-
cutters, and painters.

,_j?y\j a* kad-banu'l, The state of being a
house-lady.

a t-tf kadh (v.n.), Scratching (the face
with the nails) ; combing ; studying, giving
attention, labouring ; a scratch, a scar.

\m, j£ kad-khuda, Master of a family ; a
bridegroom, married man; anyone looked
up to with reverence and respect ; a magis-
trate ; a king ; an alderman, a sheriff
(m.c.) ; the soul ; God.

^fto-i. i£ kad-Ukuda'l, A family establish-
ment, housekeeping; marriage; empire,
kingly power ; a festival.

Aj^kadr (v.n.), Pouring out (water); —
kadr, kadir, Muddy, turbid ; — kadar (v.n.).
Being troubled, turbid, muddy (water);
being distracted, perplexed through mis-
fortune; turbiduess, muddiness ; trouble,
affliction, agitation, perturbation, anxiety ;
melancholy ; darkness, dimness ; name of
a fragrant tree ; — shardbi kadar, A decoc-
tion gained from this tree, which, is useful
against leprosy and other diseases of the
skin.

afi\ )<if kadar-pazir, Disturbed, afflicted,
pj-^ kudram, kudrum, A vegetable like
millet.

A kads (v.n.J, Sneezing (beasts) ;
going fast, hastening along, though laden
heavily (camel) ; — kuds, A. stack of un-
thrashed corn ; a heap of snow.

o—.aS' kudist, A span.

a kadsh (v.n.), Scratching with the
nails ; labouring hard to gaiu a livelihood
for one's family ; receiving a present ;
driving (cattle) violently.

o-i-ii kaduft. The skull.

a kadkada, The noise made by a

hammer when striking a red-hot iron.

a kadm (v.n.), Biting or seizing with
the fore-teeth ; taking anything with the
lips (in tbe manner of an ass) ; marking
with an iron instrument, making an im-
pression; pursuing, hunting; searching,
looking for ; — kudam, A black locust with
a green head.

a kadn (v.n,), Girding (one's vest)
with a girdle ; — kadn, kidn, A cloth in
which women wrap their feet when travel-
ling in the camel-litter ; a tanned skin
used for braying drugs ; — kadan (v.n.),
Being black from eating viscous plants (a
camel's lips) ; muddy, turbid ; obscure ; —
kadin, Corpulent.

yj^ kidin, A village in which near ten
thousand people assemble on the day called
'dshurd ; a pathic, a catamite.

a kidnai, kidna, Flesh ; fat ; the
hump of a camel.

<s£i±£ kudang, kudanga, A fuller's

beetle.

>tf ( 1019 ) \jS

kadii, kaddu, A gourd ; a cup, a
goblet ; a cupping-glass ; membrum virile.

8«>\j kad-wdda, Foundation of a house.

W ^ k-adii-bd, Pumpkin-soup.

A C)^ huduh (pi. of hadh), Scratches,
scars.

tj^ kadokk. A bath ; a cup (unless the
explanation given by the Burhani

Qati' is to be read with other dictionaries
fW, Eaw, <fcc).

a kadiid, A well, the water of which
is difficult to draw.

AiW y*Z hadu-dana, Intestinal worms ; a
fatal disease, breaking out internally like
seeds of gourds.

kudur (v.n. of j^), Being turbid,

muddy.

A Hjj^" kudurat (v.n. of Being turbid,
muddy, opaque ; foulness, impurity of
water ; dimness of the eye ; anguish, per-
turbation, oppression of spirits ; resent-
ment.

^y*S kaduk, A mountain-pass (?).

u« kadu-kash, An instrument for
cutting pumpkins.

kadu-mma, A half-gourd j a de-
canter.

kuduh, A tearing, woundiug ; seizure.
kada, A habitation ; a tavern ; a vault,
cavern, or cellar ; a village ; added to any
word is a noun of place, as dtish-kada,
(place of fire) A temple of the Magi, &c. ;
— kuda, A scratch ; the uvula ; the wards
of a key ; the bolt or lock of a door ; the
wooden bar of a gate.

a •H^ kadld, An extensive tract of coun-
try ; rough, rocky ground.

«>\j kadi-gad, House-born (man or
beast) ; the son of a man of distinction by
a female slave.

kudin, kudina, A large beetle
or wooden mallet used by bleachers.

kadewar, A landlord, master of a
family ; the head man of a village ; a
farmer, sower ; a gardener ; time; fortune;
the world.

^s)j>.^ kadewarl, Agriculture j horticul-
ture.

a \iS kaza (comp. of *a) ka and \& zd),
Like this, thus, such, such like ; this, that ;
some, such and such ; — kaza, via kaza, So-
and-so ; consequently ; et csetera.

a s^W kazzdb, A liar, an impostor; —
kizzab (v.n. of s->^), Denying stoutly ; being
incumbent ; — kuzzab, A lie.

a eU\i£ kazdlika, Like that; likewise.

iyii kizb, kazib (v.n.), Lying; being
necessary to be done or observed (as pil-
grimage, &c.) ; —kizb, A lie ; [kizb u inkdr
kardan, To deny stoutly, to speak a deli-
berate falsehood ;] — kuzb, A white speck on
the nail; — kazib (v.n.), Delaying; false; a
lie ; — kuznb (pi. of kazub), kuzzab (pi. of
kazib), Liars.

ji£ kazar, A silly, stupid man.
a kazub, A liar.

j! kar, Deaf; a snake not yielding to
incantation; [Jcar kardan,, To deafen, to
stun ;] — kur, Rice ; name of two rivera,
one in Shirwau, the other in Fars.

a j> karr (v.n.), in P. mostly kar, Re-
peating, reiterating ; attacking or renewing
an attack ; inclining to ; intention, design,
will ; power, strength ; a rope for climbing
palm-trees; a hawser, cable, rope in general ;
[karr ufarr, Attack and retreat (Arab mode
of fighting) ; coming and going ; pomp and
pride ;] — karr, kurr, Sandy ground where
water collects and filters itself clear ; a
well ; a small cistern or reservoir (according
to the Burhani qati' of three-and-a-half
cubic spans of nine inches each) ; — kurr, A
Babylonian dry measure of six ass-loads or
sixty q,v., p. 982; an upper garment, a
short cloak.

\j£ kird, To whomsoever; to whomp
whom?

a »\/ kird', kird (v.n. 3 of ^f), Hiring,
renting ; letting on hire ; hire, rent ;■ — kird'i
chize na-kardan, Not to be worthy of a
thing ; — kird kardan, To farm, rent, give or
take upon hire.

a s>«i \j£ kird-banda, Who supplies neces-
saries of life on hire ; a rent-collector.

A u~**\/ kardbis (pi. of <j»Vr^ kirbas,),
Fine linens.

a ~>\/ kardbisl, Made of fine white
muslin ; one who deals in fine linen.

a karr at (pi. of karrat), Times,

many times ; [karrat marrdt, Repeatedly ;]
— kurdt (pi. of kwrat) , Globes.

a karas, A kind of large tree found
growing in the mountains of Ta'if ; — hurra*,
karrds, A leek, purret.

s\r* kardj, = r^/q.v.

t es*-^/ kardji, A hirer ; a renter ; a
hireling.

yijij.iji' kardjtdan, Q±t?$\j£ kardchidan,
To cluck (as a hen when she has laid an
egg)-

kardkh, The clucking of a hen after
laying.

<y karakhdn, Name of the eldest son
of Afrasyab.

•Af kur ad, i<*\/ kardda, kurdda, An t id
garment.

a ^jji/ karddid (pi. of kirdldat), Dates
remaining at the bottom of a bin or hamper.

a u~t.4\ji karddis (pi. of htrdiisat), Herds
of horses; narrowness of steps.

kardr, kurdrd, The threshold of
a door ; a plot of ground with a raised
border prepared for sowing.

a kardr, A little bead, shell, or similar
object, used as a charm by Arabian women ;
— Idrdr (pi. of karr, kurr), Sandy places
where water collects and niters; — karrdr,
Impetuous ; an attacker, an assailant ; one

( 1020 )

of the names given to 'All on account of
his impetuosity.

»,y karrdra, An old ragged garment.
■}f kardz, The fever and heat which
women in labour suffer ; — hirdz, A wanton
or proud air in waiting ; a harrow drawn
over a field to make it even ; — kuru-z, The
crop, giazard.

A karrdz, The ram on which the
shepherd lay s his wallet ; a jug, narrow-
necked gugglet ; an earthen vessel without
handle ; a small bottle or phial.

6>\)V kirdzdn, kurdzdn, One who walks
pompously.

fcJ^jl)^ kirdzdnlda.n, kiirazanidan, Q^ifijX
kirdzidan, kurdzidan, To walk haughtily ;
to affect such a gait, or to wave from side
to side with a coquettish air (a woman).

kurds, A wagtail; — hurras, pi. of —

a 6-.\)£ kurrdsat, in P. knrdsa, A sheet of
paper folded so as to form a tract or
pamphlet consisting of several leaves ; a
fragment of the Qur'an.

t>*-^/ kirdelan, To incline ; to surmise,
to be of opinion. (Unsupported and doubt-
ful.)

a i^-Ajf kardsi (pi. of kurni), Chairs.

<_r«~«\;£ krdsis, Thanks (from L. gratias).

\J»\f kardsh, Distraction, perplexity ;
name of a reddish green bird.

**Aj£ kardeha, Form, habit, quality,
colour.

yJ**^ kardshidan, To be disturbed in
mind ; to be spoiled ; to be dispersed.

kardehida, Distracted, insane ; de-
stroyed; dispersed.

a i>\>£ kirdz (v.n. of Bringing forth

before the time (a camel) ; casting forth
seed from the womb (the same) ; preparing
the cheese u*>^q.v. below ; the corrugations
of the womb.

A g\£ kurd', The smaller part of a sheep's
or cow's leg, the shin ; the rocky projection
of a mountain ; a troop of horses ; the side
or extremity of anything ; a word with
which horses are called together.

kurdgh, Name of a herb used in set-
ting dislocated joints.

kardk, A wagtail ; a quail j — kardk,
kurdk, A magpie.

haraka, A wagtail.

kardkar, kurdkar, A crow, rook.

a Mr dm (pi. of kanni), Generous,
noble ; mild, benign ; eminent ; [klrdmun
kdtibtn, The recording angels;] — kurrdm,
Extremely generous, very beneficent.

a uu\*\j£ kardmdt (pi. of karumaf),
Miracles, miraculouB powers, &c. ; — arbdbu
'l-kardmdt, Workers of miracles ; — zu kard-
mdt, Endued with miraculous powers ; —
sdhibu 'l-kardmdt, A worker of miracles.
(See below.)

a tji^/ kardmdti, Miraculous ; marvel-
lous ; wonder-working.

a kardmat (v.n. of p/), Being

venerable, liberal, beneficent, precious,
valuable, worthy, dignified ; generosity,
munificence, excellence ; a form of address ;
a miracle performed by holy men (opp. to
mii'jiza, A miracle wrought by God through
his prophets in proof of tbeir mission) ; the
cover of a wine- jar; also of a well; —
kardmat farmudan (kardan). To grant, to
bestow plentifully upon, to favour with.

a kirdmand, .Noble, generous ; pre-
cious, valuable.

(_5-«\}£ kirdmi, Most noble, honourable,
revered ; precious ; — kirdmi kardan, To
honour.

a kardmlyat, Name of a sect which

ascribes materialism to the Divinity.

a kirdmidan, To honour, venerate.

kardn, A shore, coast, margiu, bank,
side, boundary ; an end; retiring into soli-
tude, courting privacy ; \kardn kardan, To
shun ; — kardn girijtan, To retire into soli-
tude ; — bar kardn az, Far from, distant
from •, — bar kardn budan az, To desert, to
relinquish ;] —kurdn, A dun-coloured horse.

a g\j£ kirdn, A lute, harp ; cymbals ; (pi.
of karlnat) female musicians) j— karrdn,
Name of a quarter in Ispahan ; also of a
country near Tibet, and of a fort in Maghrib.

<tt\jZ kardna, A margin, side, quarter,
corner ; solitude ; a tip ; a black bird slow
of flight.

t_s>\^ kardne, One side, &c. (see aV) ;
kardne budan, To set aside, to relinquish,
to desert ;] — kardnt, Inclosed in boundaries,
circumscribed, defined.

jkjVr*' kirosh, An oil-press.

kardwiyd, Caraway-seeds.
kardh, A side ; an end ; — kurdh, Alike,
resembling ; a wagtail.

a kardhat (v.n. of &/), Abhorring,
loathing ; aversion, horror, disgust, dis-
like ; hard, rough, uneven ground ; — kard-
hat ddshtan, To abhor, abominate, hold in
detestation.

a 'ie>\£ kardhatan, P. *^4>\^, Unwillingly,

Uffc^S kardhun, Name of a champion.

a kardMyat (v.n. of &/), Abhorring,
detesting, disliking, disapproving ; disgust,
aversion.

a iiSj* kardya, A certain black bird slow of
flight ; — kirdya, Hire, price paid for labour,
fare, rent; — kirdya'i fiddn-chiz na-mikunad,
He is not worthy of such a thing ; ba-
kirdya dddan, To hire out, to let or farm
to another ; — ba-kirdya satdndan, To take
on hire; — ba-kirdya giriftan. To hire, to
borrow.

a^j &\j£ kirdya-ddr, A tenant, renter.
a sj^fco kirdya-dihinda, Who lets on
hire.

a kirdya-dihi, Hire, rent.

a (^-) kirdya-zamm, Ground-rent.

a J^^^kirdya-kash, One who draws rent.

( 1021 )

6*

a kirdya-ndma, Lease (of a

house, Ac).

a ^tfikarb (v.n.), Pressing heavily, weigh-
ing down the spirits (grief) ; drawing tight
(a fetter) ; ploughing ; twisting a rope ;
being near setting (the sun), almost ex.
tinguisbed (fire) ; affliction, anguish, vexa-
tion ; — kurb, Near ; thereabout ; — karab.
The root of a palm-bvanch, or roots of such
(sing and pi.).

4/ kurba = q.v.

u-^/ karbde, in A. Jeirbds, A white cot-
ton garment ; fine linen, muslin.

o*^/ karbds-bafh A. manufactory of
muslin ; a cloth-mill (m.c.).

a kirbdsa, Fine linen or cotton ; a

web; lint; a lizard.

a u-W^ kirbdsi, Belonging to cotton, cot-
tony ; muslin ; a vendor of linen, a linen-
draper.

a kirbdl, A bow for separating

cotton.

J 1 */ kurbdl, Name of a rice-district in
Persia.

a kurban (for qurbdn), A sacrifice, a
ransom.

u^St^ karbdyit, karbdyigh, A veno-

mous kind of lizard.

a kurbai, Affliction, mental anguish,
distress ; — kardbat, karaba, A water-course
through a valley ; a socket of wood into
which the head of the principal tent-pole
is fixed.

a p ytji kirbiss, leurbue, A large cucumber,
u-fj^ karbat, A large venomous lizard.

karbasH, <~*iy> karbaea, A poisonous

lizard.

karba&h, A large and poisonous

lizard.

<*Mf karbash-p&ya, Name of a plant
found on the sea-shore.

y*>t£ karbashu, A large and poisonous
lizard.

karbaeha, A lizard.
a karbala', Name of a p!ace in Iraq,
noted for the murder of Husain, son of
Ali.

a. ijfyf karbala'i, Of or relating to Kar-
bala ; a kind of striped cloth or garment.

^ karba, Name of a bird (coracias) ; a
large kind of venomous lizard; — kurba, A
shop ; name of an esculent plant.

\^ kurpd, karpa,, Trefoil (see \y>).

<j*%fi kirpas, Pine linen; a shroud.

y~>\$^ karpdsu, *~>^ karpdsa, f^,/ kar-
pdeha, te-'ujZ karpdsha, A sort of poisonous
lizard.

O^jf karpawan, A kind of trefoil.

a &j£ knrat, A globe, a sphere, ball ;
[kura'i ab. The water which surrounds the
earth ; — kura'i are (ih&k), The terrestrial
globe; — kura'i lajaward (wahm-eoz), The
sky; — tukhmi kttro,, Tares, darnel;] — kar-
rat, karra, Once, one time or turn ; one

assault or attack ; a retreat ; — ba'ze karra
(karrat), Several times ; — sac? karra (kar-
raf) , A hundred times ; — har karra (karraf),
Every time, as often as.

a 'SjS karratan, Sometimes.

uu/ hart, The fruit of a certain thorn.

yjas-L. ulijZ uDji Icart-kart salthtan, To lay
out in beds (m.c.).

kartdkh, An important affair pend-
ing.

a'ti^ kartana, A roost for fowls,

kartak, A wooden mallet ; — kurtak, A
short tunic close to the body like a cuirass,
with sleeves reaching to the elbows ; feathers
(of ostriches, cranes, or herons) which are
worn in the head-dress ; a species of sewing
or embroidery ; a thorny shrub.

ili^ hartaHs, A beardless and perverse
youth.

AsJjS' kartana, A spider's web (see AtfjlS"
and iijJjS').

kartumd, Name of a Persian sage.

iSjSkarta, A piece of ground in tilth or
tillage ; tilled ground, a tilth ; tillage
ground; — kirta, A camel-thistle or thorn;
a kind of shrub of which brooms are
made; [kirta'i daskti, The bog-rush;] —
kurta, A tunic, waistcoat, jacket ; a long
loose-skirted under-gown or shirt; a shirt.

^£ kuril, A waistcoat for women, a
short bodice reaching to the hips, with
very short, if any sleeves, open under the
throat ; a soldier's jacket.

iUefjf karima, A spider's web ; the part
in which the spider lays her eggs.

a "A*/ kart (v.n.), Oppressing, grieving,
afflicting.

BjS' Jcarj, A collar-button ; a slit in a gar-
ment ; — kirj, Jdrij, A slice of a melon ; —
kirij, A piece cut out of the collar of a
garment.

a z£ karaj (v.n.), Becoming stale and
mouldy (bread).

jA*/ htrjafU, A quail.
iurjan, Gristle.

karaji, A little boat ; a barge ; a
lighter ; — karaji'i duwaU, A government
boat (m,c).
a kurrapt A sodomite.
gfteurch, karack, A segment, cut, slice.
kircha,- Cotton, raw-silk put into an
ink-holder ;—kureha., A hut of boughs or
reeds, whence husbandmen watch their
fields or melon-grounds.

karkh, A mansion, habitation, turreted
building; name of a place in Baghdad;—
karakh, Destitute of feeling, bereft of con-
sciousness, insensible, paralysed, benumbed ;
a place in Turkistan.

u>±-£ karakht, Insensible, deprived of
feeling; rigid; harsh, stern, austere.

^f***~£ karakhtagi, karakhti. Dry-

ness ; austerity ; rigidity.

harkh-zard, A pedestrian.

( 1025 )

A kurmat, karamat, Liberality, gene-
rosity, magnificence ; benignity.

soi^s- kirm-khwurda, Worm-eaten.

AilA^i kirm-ddna, A species of mezereon ;
myrtle-seed.

a jUa pjS karam-shi'dr, Endowed with
generosity, with every honourable quality.

karmak, A food prepared from
pulse; — kirmak, A small worm; afire-fly;
a herb used for washing ; an enigma.

a karam-kdr, Generous, gracious ;

merciful; benevolent.

^ f/ karam-kaUd, A cabbage ; a dwarf-
cabbage.

karam kun, Do (me) the favour.
a j l L'£ karam-gudar, Gracious, dif-
fusive.

A J^S kirmil, Carmel, in Palestine.

karmand, Quick, speedy, hasty, ex-
peditious ; haste, expedition ; strong, power-
ful.

d^y / kar-mosh, A deaf mouse ; a mole ;
a, musk-rat.

/ kur-mekh, A nail having a large
broad head ; a large-he aded peg, pin, or stake.

<jyf kuran, A dun-coloured horse ; (for
OJJ* 1- v -) a troop.

karnd, The ass-mushroom or fungus ;
the red gooseberry (probably misreading
for W,/ q.v.) ; a trumpet (see i^'jt)-
<*Wj£ karndtak, The Carnatic.

/ kar-ndma, Example, model, exem-
plar.

t5^/ karrandy, A kind of trumpet ; the
large brass trumpet which sounds in the
bass.

"tJj£ karamb (G. Kpa.fi.prj), Cabbage ;
{karambi rumi, A cauliflower;] — karnab, A
species of poison for dogs.

A kurnub, Beet ; a kind of beet.
kararriba, A dish prepared from cab-
bage ; a carpet ; — kurimba, Name of a car-
penter's tool.

karantina, Quarantine (m.c. from
It. through T.).

kiranj, karanj, A sort of date ; poi-
son ; — karinj, kiranj, kurinj, Coriander-
seed ; — kurinj, Rice ; black pepper ; silver ;
a falcon, a hawk.

ss\&. jJjS" kurinj-khana, A falconry, a house
for hawks.

fr£ karanj ft, The nightmare.

Ji/ kurand, s-^j^ karinda, kuranda, A
course for racing ; a concourse or circle of
men ; a large circle formed by huntsmen ;
a grey colour in a horse; a dyer's vat;
name of a river in Loristan ; — kurund,
tjif karinda, kuranda, A sort of brush
used by weavers in putting their size or
glue on their yam.

<i&/ kurang, A bay-horse ; a place for
exercising troops ; a ring made by hunters
or troops ; name of a river in Loristan ; —
kunmg, A weaver's brush. (See ■*/.)

<S^jf karangani, A species of grape.

6.$i.£ kurangah, A race- ground ; a place
for reviewing troops ; a bay colour ; a dyer's
vat ; name of a. river in Loristan ; — kurun-
gah, A weaver's brush.

*»/ kama, Name of a village in Badakh-
shau famous for its pears ; (for H. karnd)
name of a kind of citron ; — kirna, A kind
of thorn eaten by camels ; a sort of snake ;
a tick, sheep-louse.

kumiyd, ~ W?/^ q.v.

%f karu, That part of a spider's web in
which it lays its eggs ; — karv, kirav, A
hollow tooth ; broken, rugged ; bitter
lettuce, endive ; — kirav, A small ship,
boat ; — kurv,, Name of a kinsman of Afra-
siyab (see ^s)/).

\ }J £ karvjd, A joining, uniting,

(jj'j/ karwdn, Name of a plant of an
exhilarating property ; name of a bird of
the partridge kind.

•sMjj* - karwdnak, A bustard, crane ; the
stone-curlew or bastard floriken.

a (j?^ karubl, A cherub.

i^ijfkarrubiydn (P. pi. of the preceding),
Angelic ranks, cherubim.

ubj^ kwrui, Fat.

£*Jj^ karautana, A spider.

t)f kurukh, Name of a village in Khura-
san.

yU.^ kurukhdn, The brother of PIran,
son of Wisa.

•ipf karud, kurud, A well so deep that
it is with difficulty water can be drawn
from it.

fif kurtir, A crore (in P. = 500,000) ; —
ba-rayi du kuror, For a million (m.c).

a jjyS" kurur (v.n, of ~£), Gushing upon,
attacking; returning, receding; showing
kindness, inclining to ; (pi. of karr) car-
pets to kneel upon at prayers.

jjjS kuriiz, ftjZ kuruzh, Cheerfulness ; song,
dance ; sorrow, distress of mind.

kirwas, karwas, An enigma.

a ur 1 ^ kurush, Tripes.

a £j/ kv.ru 1 (v.n. of £/), Drinking with
the mouth from a river, &c. (without using
a vessel or hands).

a ) £ karr-u-farri, kar-u-fari, Pomp
and pride, dominion ; — kar-u-fari namildan,
To rule, to dominate (cf. karr u farr
under A. f).

jS } / karukar, A name of God ; a work-
man.

a fvf kurum (pi. of karm), Vines.

(j }J s kiirwan, A dun-coloured horse. •

h soJ 5 / karonda, A small acid fruit (Ca-
l'issa carandas).

(j-^Sj/ karunis, Name of an island in
which Wamiq, the lover of 'Azra, lived.

srf karwa, A hollow or rotten tooth ; —
kuroh, A road-measure of about two miles ;
the nest or roost of birds ; — karatoa, An

9* ( 1026 )

animal whose bite is said to be worse than
that of a serpent.

a kurawl, Spherical, globulai".
s jj kuru'i zara, Name of a kinsman
of Af rasiyab (see ^/) .

o VjjjS" karwiyd, Caraway-seeds or plant.

J4jy5 kartells, karawlz, Speech, reason.

a karwiya, Caraway.

a karh, Whatever one is compelled by
another to do reluctantly ; — karh, kurh
(v.n.), Hating, abhorring, holding in abo-
mination j aversion, detestation, abhorrence ;
trouble, molestation ; — karh, karih, Detest-
able, abominable ; — kurh, What one forces
one's self to do reluctantly.

kara, Filth, dirt, nastiness ; fresh
butter ; the skin of the hands or feet be-
come hard and stiff from labour ; a chamber
in a place of repose for travellers, or a
school ; stale ness, mustiness ; mouldiness
of bread or fruit ; a bracelet of gold or
silver; a clasp; a spider's web where she
lays her eggs ; a kind of thorn ; name of a
city ; [kara bar~dwardan (bastan, giriftan),
To contract mould, become mouldy, stale,
or musty ;] — kura, A cannon-ball ; a globe ;
a thing spherical ; a lock ; a ward of a
lock ; a smith's forge ; a colt ; an element ;
[kura'i ab, The water which surrounds the
globe ; — kura'i asir, The sky ; — kura'i are
(Jchak'), The terrestrial globe ; — kura'i bad,,
The region of wind ; — kura'i Idjuward
(wahm-soz), The sky ;] — kurra, The colt of
a horse, camel, or aBs (one or two years
old) ; a girth, surcingle, belt; a whip; —
kurra'i ab, A wave; — kurra'i khdr-ddr, A
particular kind of whip.

a karhan, With difficulty, inconve-
niently.

* kara-basta, Mouldy, musty.

a ft tj£ kurra-tdz, Who knows how to ride
a young horse ; a skilled horse-breaker.
kara-tan, A spider.

t ^ iS kara-cM, A small boat ; a barge ;
a lighter (see ^f).

yWBji' karaddn, A place for rubbish.

kurragari, A strapping, a flogging.

(jC*/ karhali, Name of a fruit (Hibiscus
Syriacus ?).

^jU ij£ karra-ndy, = ^ £ q.v.

^ kari, Deafness; that part of the
spider's web where she lays her eggs.

a iSs/kurrd, Once, one time; one attack.

a kiryds, Court or levee of a prince ;
a privy on the roof of a house, having com-
munication with a subterraneous passage.

0^ kiryan, kuryan, Sacrifice, ransom
(see o^jO ; — kiryan (for A. karyan), Som-
nolent, sleepy.

<^yi} ^ (kariba-kfiri "deafness together
with blindness"?), Anything useless or
valueless.

karltunitan, (in Zand and Pa-
zand) To read.

karlj, kurlch, A roof for protect-
ing unthreshed corn from the rain; the
moulting of bird's feathers; — karlj,
kurija, kurleha, A small house ; a hnt
or cottage formed of wood, reeds, and straw
on the side of a corn-field or melon-ground ;
a box in a theatre (in.c.).

a^jS" karlr (v.n. of Returning, re-
ceding ; rushing upon, attacking ; showing
kindness, inclining to ; a rattling noise in
the throat (from suffocation) ; hoarseness
(from dust) ; name of a river.

kurir, An overseer, superintendent.
yi£ karlz, kurlz, The moulting of birds ; a
hut built of reeds; a corner; — kurlz, A
falconry.

kurlza, A hut, hovel, shed ; moult-
ing.

i^ijS kurlni, An old man bent with age
and infirmities, and in a state of dotage ; a
falcon moulting in the desert ; anything
given to birds to make them shed their
feathers.

u-ij^ kirls, Fraud, deceit ; flattery.
fi—ijS" kirlsa, Fraud, deceit,
(vjj^jj^ kirisldan, To deceive, defraud,
cheat.

<AAif kireshak, A warrior ; a deep hollow
place, a cavern ; a chick, chicken.

i3ijJ^)^ kurishang, A mountain ; a cavern.
a (jojjS karis (v.n. of u^), Mixing soft
cheese with dates or herbs ; a cheese thus
mixed; cheese.

jfcji' kurlgjj., Flight ; moulting of birds.
<*rkfi kureftan, To flee, escape, retreat.
ftiji karlm, Name of an ancestor of Rus-
tam-Zal ; name of a city in Kannania (see

a f^^karim, Generous, munificent, liberal,
magnificent, splendid, grand ; benevolent,
kind, courteous, gracious ; merciful, for-
giving ; respectable, venerable, reverent ;
high-bred ; a religious, God-fearing man ;
a male proper name ; one of the names of
God ; — karimu 'l-akhldq ('sh-shdn), Most
generous and noble ; — karimu 'n-nafs,
Noble-minded, of a generous soul; — alldh
karlm, God is bountiful, compassionate,
merciful.

osW/ karlmd, O merciful (God) !
a U»j4 karimdn, The great-great-grand-
father of Rustam-Zal ; a city in Karmania.
a asU^ karimdna, Generous ; generously.
a karlmat, karima (fern, of karim),
Noble, generous ; a princess, lady ; the
eye ; the hand ; a verse of the Qur'an (the
word dyat being understood).

a, lmS *i/ karlmi, Liberality, bounty, bene-
ficence, grace, &c.

a karimiyat, Bountifulness.
^yifkarinunitan, (in Zand and Pazand)
To read.

^Jy./ karayudiim, Perfidy, breach of
faith.

( 1027 )

tyi/ karyun, Centaury.

a ilf karih, Detestable, abominable,
offensive ; a lion ; — karfhu 'sh-shakl, Of
hideous aspect, deformed ; — karlhu 's-saiti,
Of a harsh, repellent voice ; — karlhu 'I-
manzar, Ugly in countenance.

a iiji harih-manzar, Of revolting
aspect.

a ^Jj£ kura'i, Spherical, globular.

$ kaz, Eaw silk ; (for hi az) who or which
from ; that from ; — kaz, kaz-a, Name of a
country in India.

a 'ji kazz (v.n,), Contracting (one's steps).

M\£ kazdba, A camel-litter for women
(see

kaadd, kizdd, An old, worn-out gar-
ment.
J>£ kuzar, A lancet.

ttykuzdgh, A herb used in bandaging
dislocated joints.

ytykazdn, = ytyiS ki az an, Who or which
from that, &c. (comp. )S).

e-*£>\)^ kazanqubln, Honey (= t£**6^
q.v.).

kazdwa, A camel-litter for women,
u^j* kizdyish, kuz&yish, Fit, proper, suit-
able ; a goad for driving cattle.

kazba, A gooseberry or bastard
corinth.
a kuzbura, Coriander.
•ipykazbud, A chief, master of a family.

kazba, Dregs of oil and the like.
J/ kazd, The loppings of a tree.
CjAj^ kazdldan, To lop, clip, trim,
polish.

kuzardan, To seek for help or aid.

Ijf kuzra, Name of a sweet-scented grass ;
a watered field ; irrigation,

yyi-jty kaztarkhun, Pellitory ; dracuncu-
lus.

fr£ kuzgk, kuzagh, A herb which is ban-
daged round dislocated bones ; — kazagh, A
kind of medicine.

kuzf, kazaf, kazif, Black stuff used
by goldsmiths ; pitch ; silver burnt black.

^ kazak, — oslj* q.v.

kizlik, A knife, penknife, scraper,
clasp-knife, razor ; the curved point of a
sword or dagger.

tfkazm, A herb growing on banks of
rivers.

a. p£ kazm (v.n.), Breaking with the front
teeth, and extracting the contents to eat
them ; — kazam, Shortness and thickness of
lip (in a horse, &c.) ; shortness of nose or
fingers ; avarice ; voraciousness ; — fcuzim, A
poltroon, a coward ; — kuzam, A nightingale ;
a young sparrow; a bird resembling a
sparrow.

a. fj^*'/ kitmazaj, ^IjU^ kivmazak, The
berries of the tamarisk ; the tamarisk.

kazan, A catamite ; a village where
many people meet on the day called
'mhiiva.

8^>y kazinda, A teazel ; a meshy sack.
*i / kama, kizna, A rock-swallow, nettle-
seed.

kazangubin, £>)£ kazangu, Honey

(see

,Jfi kaznay, Wet, withered (plant in win-
ter).

kazo (for ki az o), Who or which from
that or him ; that from it or him.

kazwd, A gooseberry or bastard cur-
rant.

<jj^y kizwan, Mountain-balm.
fylf kazugk, The vertebrae in man or
beast.

a. ff£ kazmi, A camel toothless from old
age.

yi/ kazin, (Made) of raw silk ; (for H az
In,) who or which from this, &c. (see

\J>rf kazln-farosh, A vendor of raw
silk.

•f kazk (see , after which also other
compounds will be found), Crooked, curved,
distorted ; coarse silk of little value ; [kaxh
bdkhtan. To cheat in a game, to play false ;
— kazh kardan, To crook, bend, twist;] —
kuzh, The root of a tree.

kazhdba, A camel-litter in which
Persian ladies travel ; it may be covered or
open at pleasure ; the arched covering of
cradles.

4>\y kouliMa, Cod of the silkworm, co-
coon.

kazhar, A strip or piece of anything
torn off ; — kuzhdr, The crop of a bird.
Qtyty kazh&ndan, To tear, tear in pieces.
$ kazh-dghand, jf kazh-agAan-

dish, kazh-agand, ^JoJf j£ kazh-dgan-

dish, A kind of jerkin, of thick quilted
cotton or silk, worn in battle instead of
armour.

tffi kazhdwa, A litter on a camel's
back.

a o 1 *) $ kazh-biydn, Giving wrong or per-
verse explanations.

"f kazh-bin, Squinting; malignant.

U ji kazh- f&, Wry-footed, whose foot is
distorted.

})V kath'tardw, Who gives false
weight.

yj^y £ kazh-iarkhun, Pellitory ; dracun-
culus.

3^ kazh-chashm,, Squint-eyed.
^2*^5 ^ kazh-chashmi, Strabismus, squint.
y^tU- £ kazh-ijiatiran, (pi.) Cross-
grained.

a t)V- 'f kazh-kkwdn, Who reads wrongly.
is~.Jji kazh-dast, One with a distorted
hand.

Jjy kazh-dil, Ill-natured, perverse.

kazh-dum, A scorpion (crook-tail) ;
the sign Scorpio ; — hazhdumi bahri, Name
of a dark- coloured fish of the sword-fish
kind ; — kazhdumi tdsi ab-gun (falak, gar-
dv.%, wtit/ari), The sign Scorpio.

( 1028 )

of

s^j*- hazhdum-khwara, Name
poisonous reptile found in Kbuzistan.

^U.* kazh-dum-fasdy, Who heals by
incantation one who is bitteo by a scor-
pion.

|* J y kazh-dmn-gazida, Bitten by a
scorpion,

c5)U,»o^ kazhdumndk, Abounding in scor-
pions.

kazhduma, A whitlow.
kazhraf, Name of a malodorous herb.
jUi) j£ kazh-raftdr, Walking shauiblingly,
going awry, crooked, in-kneed.

kazh-rang, Whitish-coloured (a

horse).

kazh-zakhma, Who strikes the
wrong note with the plectrum.

yji.jk kazh-tarkkun, Pellitory ; dracun-
culus.

li-jS" kazhgka, j^fi kazhgkdv, The moun-
tain-ox of Tibet with a bushy tail; the
sea-ox.

yVfcjS kazhghdn, A cauldron, pot.

<J^kuzhf, Burnt silver ; pitch.

kazhak, The iron hook or goad with
which the motions of the elephant are re-
gulated ; a crooked stick attached to a
tall post, and provided with balls of gold
and silver as marks and prizes to archers ;
a crooked stick to strike kettle-drums ;
any kind of hook or crook ; the wards of a
lock ; the feathers of a duck's tail with
which women adorn their heads ; an earthen
jar in which rose-water and dates are kept.

tfjS' kazhgu, ffi kazhgdv, The bushy-tailed
cow of Tibet ; the sea-ox ; also his tail.

a tyj^*^ kazhmazun, Name of a medicine.

&y 'f kazh-wkdj, Ill-tempered, crabbed ;
perverse.

y\S kazhmaeh, Crooked, distorted.

(sfcj yyi kazTimazh-zaban, A child that
cannot yet speak plain.

git* >f kazh-rniyan, Crooked about the
loins.

a }a y£ kath-nazar, Squint-eyed.

M)£ kazhna, A patch.

kazhur, Zedoary, a Chinese root.
leazhwand, The wards of a lock.

Ipkazha, A hook or crook ; an iron goad for
elephants ; a curved drum-stick ; shambles ;
the uvula ; the wards of a lock ; a piece of
wood so placed as to prevent a lock from
being opened (cf. above).

^s)^ kazhl, Crookedness, curvature, obli-
quity.

£>y kazhigh, Flight, departure.

fti^ kaihlm, kazhTn, A quilted jacket
worp in battle ; horse-armour.

^S~f has, A man, person ; one, anyone,
someone (followed by a negative) nobody ;
intelligent, learned (persons) ; [kasi khdna.
The master or mistress of a house ; one
whose lineage is kuown; a husband (a
married woman being called kjiana) ; — kas

u ndkas, Everybody, noble and plebeian ; —
har kas, Kama kas, Everybody, all the
world;] — hue (whence A. kuss), Pudendum
mulielire ; — kusi kaftar, (met.) Compassion,
benevolence, affection ; love ; — kusi gurba,
A small shell used for change ; — kus u kdsa
dar tabaqi Hrz nihadan, (met.) To disgrace,
to treat with ignominy ; — kits u kun, Vulva
et anus.

h kas, A beverage prepared from the
bark of the Egyptian thorn and sugar.
$ kasd, A sort of coarse woollen cloth.

A s->^~^ kasdbi, A wolf ; — kassdb, (A man)
who gains much.

a c^-^ kusah, A disease incident to
camels.

a oL^S" kasad (v.n. of .x—S), Not meeting
with customers ; dulness of market, unsale-
ableness, cheapness of merchandize, decline
of trade ; — kasad shudan, To become dull,
&c. ; — kasad kardan narlcfy, To lower the
price or value, to depreciate.

a ^jU- i kasddi, Dulness of market, &c.
(= jU^),

jL^ kusdr, (in comp.) Drinking; suffer-
ing, undergoing, as : — mai-kusdr, Drinking
wine ; — ffkam-kusar, Experiencing sorrow.

a jL. £ kusdr, Chips, fragments ; — kassdr,
A breaker in pieces.

a SjL-S kusdrat, A fragment ; a fraction.
(j)j,L-i kusdrdan, To eudure ; to drink.
iAt^U.i' kusdranda, A drinker ; suffering.
A &j~.\-~£ kasdsirat (pi. of kisrd), Chosroes,

Eclipse ; obscuration ;
Heaviness, slow-

kings of Persia.

A &i\~£ kasd/at,
sediment.

a *1\-~S kasalat, kasala,
ness, gravity ; sickness, grief, affliction,
distress ; embarrassment.

cjL-i' kasdn (pi. of kas), Men, persons;
people of distinction, somebodies ; servants,
attendants ; [kasdni digar, Other persons ;
others ;] — kisdn (for yC.jS' kirsdn, q.V.), An
agriculturist.

kasdna, Human, like a man ; hu-
manity.

a Jtwi' kisd'i, Name of an Arabian gram-
marian.

a s — i kasb (v.n.), Q-aming, acquiring,
earning ; gain, acquisition, industry ; art,
trade, profession, handicraft ; "prostitution,
harlotry ; [kasbi fazd'il kardan. To acquire
excellencies or accomplishments; — kasbi
hawa, An airing, a walk for pleasure or
recreation;] — kisb, Gain, acquisition; —
kusb, Sediment after oil is extracted, mother
of oil.

a n~y~X kisbat, The case (or the bag) in
which barbers or sargeons keep their in-
struments ; a bit of leather worn by a
waterman on his left hip, on which he rests
the bag containing water.

a i-Vi — i kisbat-ndma, A book contain-
ing the histories of barbers or surgeons,

( 1029 )

•with directions for their practice. The
bihishtis (water-carriers in India) have also
such a book.

a. kusbar, An ivory bracelet.

y*~£ husbtir, Pitch.

husbara, Coriander (see 8 ;»)£).

a *v-i — { hus-band, A belt, A girth.

hasaba (pi. of kdsib), Artisans, la-
bourers, tradespeople (m.c.) ; — kusba,
Sesame-grains remaining' in the hair-cloth
after the oil has been expressed, which
they give to the poor, or as food to buffa-
loes.

a tj*~£ kasbi, An artisan, artificer, trader ;
a prostitute.

a ^j*— £ kasbl-bdz, A whoremonger.

a (ejW i _ S f~ £ kasbl-bdxl, Harlotry.

a «Ct — £ kasbl-ihana, A house of ill-
fame, a brothel.

Zyr^ kasparaj, A pearl.

^~£ha,st, Shameful, dirty, base ; a blue-
ish gem with a tincture of red ; — hist (for
hi ast), "Who is be ? — kust, Cauliflower, cab-
bage.

a g*— £ hustaj, An armful (of palm-tree
fibres).

7*~£ kastar, A black-thorn.

kastal, A beetle, tumble-dung.

i^~£kustan, To pound; to seize ; to put
on a girdle.

£ kusta, Pounded; rice that has been
separated from the husk by pounding,
but not cleared from the chaff ; shepherds-
staff (a herb).

o 5 -* huBtl, Wrestling ; a belt worn by
the Parsis and Brahmins ; also by the
wrestlers of Khurasan.

a j^^-i kwstij (from P. kusti), A girdle.

H t i& .. S kasUma, A thorny plant of which
camels are fond.

ys*-^ kustm, A girdle.-

a kash (v.n.), Sweeping (a house
with a broom) ; brushing the ground
(wind) ; weakness, impotence ; — kasah
(v.n.). Having a weakness or lameness in
the hands or feet ; — kasih, One who does
not give assistance when appealed to.

\x~£ kasdd, Cassia of Arabia (see ^^--^).
5j tjji huBi dak ttan, A pimp ; a
cuckold, a wittol.

A y^kasr (.v.n.), Breaking ; closing the
wings (as a bird on alighting) ; marking a
letter with haerah (7 i); & rupture, breach,
rout; loss, damage; affliction, contrition;
a fraction in arithmetic; (in India) an
allowance upon the exchange of rupees ;
[kasri shdn, A break-down in one's circum-
stances or position ; — kasri ghair ivdjib, An
improper fraction ; — kasri murakkab, A
mixed number ; — kasri nm?af, A compound
fraction ; — kasri mufrad, A simple fraction ;
— kasri multaff, A complex fraction ; — kasri
nafs kardan, To mortify the flesh, to
humble oneself ;— kasri wiijib, A proper

fraction ; — kasr u ziyad, More or Icbs] ; —
kasr, kisr, The lower flaps of a tent ; a hone
with little flesh on it ; the bone of the fore-
arm ; — kasar, kasir, Trouble which one is
unable to bear ; — kisar (pi. of kisrat), Frag-
ments, broken pieces ; — kusar, High and
low lands, broken country.

a i*Aj~£ kasarat (pi. of kasrat), Breaches ;
losses.

« o^** kasr-besht, A fraction more or
over.

a Sj—S" kasrat, Tcasra, The vowel ~ i ; one
fracture affliction ; flight, rout (of an ene-
my) ;—kisrat, A fragment, broken piece.

a <^jj-~^ kisrawi, hisrl, Koyal.

A Jy«-£ kasrd (pi. of kasir), Broken ; —
kisrd (from P. khus-rav), Cbosroes, Cyrus ;
an emperor of wide dominions ; name
given to Noshirwan the Just, or any of the
kings of Persia.

^j£z~> — £ kusistagi, lcusista, =

a Lwi" kust, Costus (a shrub).

A £ has' (v.n.), Striking one upon the
buttocks with hand or foot ; throwing cold
water upon a camel's ud<?er to make her
retain or increase her milk ; — kasa' (kas 1 ?),
"Whiteness about the fetlocks of a horse ; —
kusa' (kasa' ?), Name of a tribal branch in
Yaman.

A <~i~~£ has/ (v.n.), Cutting- into pieces
(cloth) ; houghing (a camel) ; causing (an
eclipse) ; an eclipse ; (in prosody) the sub-
stitution of a quiescent letter for a moved

one, whereby, e.g. maf'uldtv, ( — -)

becomes maf'uldt ( — ) ; — kisf, hisaf

(pi, of kisfaf), Segments, sections, parts.

Tcasak, A fricassee of meat ; a mag-
pie ; a fragment of brick, or of a broken
wall.

vA-f tj-S kus-kabab, A mode of pimping
or pandering.

,J^£ ijfS kus-kash, A pimp, contented
cuckold.

t £ kaskan (?), A club, a mace.

a kasgar (for kdsa-gar), A plasterer ;
a potter.

husil, imp. of (^«~^ q.v.

a J— £ Msl, A string hanging from a
bow for beating cotton ; — kasal (v.n.), Being
torpid, sluggish ; laziness, indolence ; cow-
ardice ; sickness; — kasil, Lazy, slothful, in-
dolent ; languid, ailing ; cowardly ;— kasil
(kasal) shudan, To be tired, to feel languid
(m.c).

a xt*X—£ kasalmand, Languid, aick, re-
laxed.

a isJUl— £ kasalndk, Cowardly, lazy, slug-
gish.

a ^~£ kasni (v.n.), Crumbling (anything
dry) ; labouring for the sustenance of one's
family ; kindling (the flame of war).

t-*-~£ Jcasma, A ringlet of hair parted to

( 1030 )

J*

hang over the cheek ; an artificial or false
lock of hair; a sort of cake; — Icasma
shikastan, To curl the hair,
gluts' leagnaj, Endive, succory.

£ kasandar, kusundar, Mean worth-
less.

<sXx~£ kitnak, A grain used to fatten
cattle.

q~S($), (in the dialect of Shlrtiz) A
kind of poisonous wild parsley (= s^t**
q.v.).

jy—i katnl, kisni, Succory ; [kasni'i talkh,
Wild succory;] — kisni, Assafcetida,

a ty~£ kiswat, kuswat, A robe, habit,
dress, apparel; figure, form, manner; a
mode of dressing ; — kiswat burldan, To
out out a garment ; — kiswali jdn kardan,
To impart life ; to invest -with a property ;
to attribute a special quality ; — Mswati
k&furi, (dress of camphor) Snow covering
the face of the ground.

a \j\ •juy-Z kiswat-ara, Adorned with
(rich) apparel.

a ^sj&jlj kiswai-gan, Clothing ; (met.)
translation ; — kiswat-gari kardan, To trans-
late.

4y~Z kiswad, Harshness, unkind beha-
viour.

a kasur, Large-humped (camel) ; or
one which draws his tail down after cock-
ing it ; uneven ground ; — kusur (v.n. of
kasr) , Clapping the wings when alighting
or pouncing (a bird) ; (in P.) preserving,
keeping ; (pi. of four) lower parts of tents ;
portions of the body, or the members ; sides
of houses ; (pi. of kagrat) fractures, chinks,
breaches ; fractional parts, fractions ; [ku-
suri a'shdriya, Decimal fractions ; — kusuri
'dm, Common fractions ;] (pi. of kisra)
Ceesars, emperors.

a kusilf (v.n. of i-*— £), Being ob-

scured, eclipsed; sad (circumstances of a
man) ; an eclipse (especially of the sun,
that of the moon more properly being
called i q.v. p. 461) ; (pi. of feis/at)
parts, segments, sections.

(jji y Lr i kas-u-k%y, Who has a family
and friends ; — bl-kasukuy , Friendless, de-
serted.

yj~ £ kasun, Name of a Magian philoso-
pher.

*)— £ kaswa, Name of a village in Syria.

i~~£ kasa, Facility, ease.

Icasi, Personality, individuality,
identity; — kase, One, someone, anyone, a
certain person ; a man of mark or distinc-
tion ; — kase as, bahri kas ki.wv.d-rd na-kushta
dst, Nobody kills himself for another's
sake ; — kase chand, Some persons ; — kase
ddnad ki ushtar mi-charanad, (met.) The
state of affairs is known only by him
who suffers from it ; each one knows
best how the world deals with him, or
where the shoe pinches ; — kase na-goyad

dugM man tursh-ast, (met.) Nobody de-
preciates his own belongings.

a 0 ~£ kusa (pi. of kuswat, kiswaf), Clothes,
garments.

a kasih, kusaih, Infirm in hands or
feet, lame, unable to move from place to
place ; impotent.

kusikjitan, Inaccurate reading for
q.v. below.

kasidd, Cassia of Arabia.
a ya-i kaslr, Broken ; routed ; broken
down, poor, needy ; — kusair, Name of a
mountain at the farthest point of the sea
of 'Uman.

ii kaserw, The root of Cyperus

tuber os us.

a kusaira, A small piece of bread.
kasis, A kind of drug which gives
a lustre to steel ; wine; wine from dates or
millet.

a £ leasts, Date-wine ; meat dried
upon heated stones, reduced to powder, and
carried as travelling provision. ; pemmicau ;
broken bread.

A i-A*— £ kasif, Thick, gross, impure ; bad,
wretched ; — kasifu 'l-auqdt, Bad or miserable
in circumstances.

a sJts—^ kaslfa, Dregs, dross, scoria,
yyi^—i kasiqtin, A kind of wild lily.
Jit~£ kusel, A betrothing ; the prosecution
of a journey ; a driving away, dismissal.
Si—J kaslld, Cassia of Arabia.
is.L—S' kasaila, A sort of cassia.
J^£ hash, The arm- pit, or that part of the
side under it (as servants carry their
master's clothes under the arm) ; the
groin ; a corner, angle ; the breast ; the
planet Saturn ; a running sore in the foot
of a camel, for which they cauterize the
feet of healthy camels, to prevent the con-
tagion from spreading ; a mode of putting
the hands to the sides as a mark of re-
spect ; empty ; good ; beautiful ; name of
a city in Turkistan ; (imp. of kanhidan in
comp.) drawing, pulling, carrying, bear-
ing, who draws, a drawer, drainer (such
compounds will be found in their alpha-
betical order) ; \kashi ran, The groin; — kash
zadan, To drink ; to perform a certain trick
in wrestling ;] — kish, A line drawn through
a word to erase it ; (for ki-ash = ki o-rd)
who to him, &c. ; — kish, kish-kish, A word
announcing the approach of a king or
great man, that the bystanders may keep
silence and behave with propriety ; it is
used Likewise at chess when the king re-
ceives a check ; also in driving fowls ; — kmh,
A male ; (imp. of kushtan in comp.) a
killer, who kills, slays, murders, oppresses,
as azlidaha-kmh, A dragon-killer ; — zabun-
kush, The oppressor of the distressed or
weak ; — safrd-kush, The bile-killer, i.e.
breakfast ; — 'dlam-kush, Destroying the

UuJ ( 1031 ) *****

world, tilling whom he will ; — khishmi
'dlam-kueh, Fury, universally destructive.

VAi" kasha, (from kashidan), Drawing ; —
kuehd (from kushddan), An opener ; one
who opens, solves, loses, reveals, displays ;
who makes cheerful ; who besieges, who
conquers ; — dil-kushd, Heart-expanding,
exhilarating ; — kishwar-kushd, Conquering'
provinces.

a ctfci' kishdh (v.n. 3 of ^aS) , Harbouring
a secret grudge (against another) ; a mark
branded on the sides of animals.

Ja.VAi' kushdkhal. A grain for making
bread.

kushad, He opened, displayed, un-
covered ; he exhilarated ; he seized ; an
opening, uncovering ; disclosure, revelation ;
cheerfulness ; expansion ; a siege ; the
Bhooting of an arrow ; a move at chess ;
open, wide ; — khdtir-kushdd, Cheerfulness
of mind, lightness of heart.

^jU^ kushddagi, An opening, an aper-
ture ; openness, expansion; joy, cheerful-
ness, openness of heart ; siege or taking
of a town ; an area, court ; an interstice,
interval, space between two things; — dar
kushddagi, Openly, in face of day.

y^iLii kushddan, To open, disclose, de-
tect, discover, explain, expose (merchandise
for sale) ; to take (a town), to subdue ; to
laugh; to polish; to shoot an arrow; to
move at chess.

<uU SuJ kmhdd-ndrna, A royal diploma,
privilege, or license; a bill of divorce.

tSiiS kushada, Opened, discovered, un-
covered, expanded, detected, revealed, ex-
plained, displayed (goods for sale), dif-
fused, stretched ; wide, ample, extensive ;
taken (castle), subjected ; glad, cheerful,
rejoiced, jovial, happy, . frank ; serene,
clear ; who opens ; — kushada u bdz, Open
and thrown back (as a door), displayed ; —
bd.zd.ri kushada, An open market ; — rangi
kushada, An open, i.e. clear colour.

)} >\ sjliS kushdda-abru, With wide eye-
brows, not joined at the nose ; of an open
countenance.

^U-i sjI&S" kushada-peshdrii, «- s^U^
kushdda-jabin, eW kushdda-jandh,
Having the casements or shutters open
(window) ; of an open countenance, having
a broad forehead.

«jLs^ kushdda-dast, Open-handed,
liberal, generous.

iiiliS kushdda-dil, Open-hearted, frank ;
liberal, generous.

SjLi^ kushada-dili, Openness of heart,
cheerfulness, hilarity; liberality, generosity.
sjliS' kushuda-dahdn, Open-mouthed.
Siilif kushdda-rav, Straddling (horse) ;
— kushdda-ru, Of an open, serene counte-
nance.

^ aoLfc* kushdda-rawl, Straddling gait

(o£ a horse. &c.) ; — kushdda-riiy, Of an
open, serene countenance.

sSu£ kushdda-ru I, Openness of coun-
tenance, serenity, brightness of face.

i^ss-. soli^ kushdda-sukhun, Plain-spoken;
distinct, perspicuous, clear.

bj>lA.i iAaS kushdda-kushdda, Wide apart,
apart, aloof, asunder, separately ; clearly,
distinctly, plainly.

s^ji^ aoU-S' kushada-mashrab, Open by
nature, candid, sincere ; jovial.

a kishdf (v.n. of <-AJ^), Taking the

male (a camel) followed by her foal, and
thus breeding two years consecutively -,
being with foal (the same) ; — kashshdf, A
detector, discoverer, looser, solver, ex-
plainer; title of Zamakhshari' s celebrated
commentary on the Qur'iin; — kashshdfi
mushkildt, A solver of difficulties ; — sharhi
kashshdf, A lucid explanation.

vs5\-i£ kashdk, Mind, thought, reflection ;
the suffixed pronouns.

(jWLa^ kash-d-kash, Attraction, allure-
ment; taking, fetching; distraction; orders
issued in continued succession ; commands
and prohibitions; perplexity; contention,
tumult ; war, battle ; deep sorrow, intense
sadness ; pleasant aud unpleasant.

yja^j kashdkashl ddshtan, To

allure, to attract, to coquet with, Ac. (see
the preceding article).

a Sj-l^ kashdmirat (pi. of kishmiri), Na-
tives of Kashmir.

qUS kashdn (part, of kashidan), Drawing,
attracting ; drawn, carried ; a single-posted
tent; (for kdshdn) name of a country ; (pi.
of hash) drawing, as : — durdi-kashdn (dreg-
drawers), Wine-drinkers, or such as drain
the bowl ; — kushdn (part, of kushtan), Kil-
ling.

(^JiS j> gliS kashdn bar-kashdn,
kashdn-kashdn, Attracting violently ; drag-
ging along ; alluring, ravishing ; walking
leisurely (see yL^X&i').

^Vas' kashdm, A single-posted tent ;
name of a country ; native or inhabitant of
that country.

£)A 4 ilA5' kashdnldan, To cause to draw.

iif^ kashdtvarz, A husbandman, culti-
vator; a cultivated field ; a sowing; seed-
time.

^^Ai kashdwarzi, Cultivation, plough-
ing, farming ; — kashdwarzi namudan, To
practise agriculture, to cultivate.

yx.AiUuS' kuskdydnidan, To cause to
open.

(jisUuS" kushdyish, Aperture, opening, un-
loosing ; clearness, serenity ; cheerfulness,
hilarity, gaiety ; — kushdyishi roza, The
breaking of a fast, breakfast.

t^\i.i kushdyanda, An opener.

^±~i.S kasht, A herb, red, and resembling
a thread, which creeps twiningly along the
ground ; very dry and friable ; salt, salsu-

( 1034 )

kishmar, Name of a village in
Khurasan, where one of Zoroaster's two
cypresses formerly grew ; name of a cypress
planted by Zoroaster ; name of a village in
Turkistan.

a tj±*- t£ kishmish, Dried grapes, corinths,
or currants ; a Bpecies of small grape with-
out stones ; raisins ; the Armenian apricot
with a bitter kernel ; name of a celebrated
rope-dancer or juggler.

a kishmishi, Raisin-coloured ; like

a raisin.

ijuS^S kash-ma-kash, Pulling different
ways ; orders issued successively ; sorrow,
distress ; commands and prohibitions ;
pleasing and displeasing; want, distress;
— kush-ma-kush, Fear, terror ; the noise of
combatants (crying, kill ! do not kill ! &c).

■ u «~ ^ kishmand, A sown field (see
11 1 * *^ ).

hashmur, Name of a desert ; name
of a place in the desert of Mur.

kashimda, A line drawn over writ-
ing to erase it ; a line ; anything written.
hmir, Cashmere.
a ^gp+Ai kashmiri, A Oashmerian, a native
of Cashmere.

U*>*-^ kashmaihan, Name of a place.
kashan, kashn, kashin, Large, copious,
ample, much, numerous ; — kishn, A lip
(doubtful word).

a gi-i.J' kashnaj, A species of fungus.
y^if^Ai kashanjtr, = q.v.

kushandagl, Slaughter.

•J-*-*^ kushand, They kill ; = tAiAS kush-
anda, q.v.

«Ju<fci kashanda, A drawer, attracter ; —
kushinda, kashanda, A killer; fatal, mortal.

ciL-fc^ kishnak, A kind of black-coloured
vetch of a fattening quality, which, when
deprived of its husk, is given to cattle.

i&*&S kashang, A large melon or gourd
flat like a plate ; fibres of the palm-tree ;
a rope made of palm-tree fibres, used by
weavers.

'^■S kashna, A fungus resembling an
egg; a plant resembling a fungus; a sort
of medicinal plant ; coriander ; thirsty ;
facility ; — kashna, kushna,, kashana, kush-
ana, Pease, pulse, a vetch.

lmS i£-S kashni, Squint-eyed (unsupported
by examples) ; — kaihni, kishnT, A thick
forest, a wood, wilderness ; — kishni, A
vetch, pea; — kushni, A goat.

g^i-fci' kishriij, Coriander j name of a blue
flower ; — kishntji dashti, Mountain-balm.

^eiAi" kishniz, Coriander.

yiS kashav, kashau, A tortoise ; the sign
Cancer ; name of a plant from which ropes
are made.

S\fAS kishwad, Name of a champion in
the army of Miuuchihr.

kashubd, (in Zand and Pazand) A

bow.

yi^ kash-wd-kash, = ^jS^i-i q.v.
x kushus, Dodder ; — kmhusi rurni,

Grecian wormwood, species of southern-
wood.

a ty^ kashuh, Name of one of the seven
swords brought by Bilqis to Solomon ; —
kvshuh (pi. of kashh), Hypochondria, sides ;
waists.

kashwad, The basest profligacy; —
kushiid, Openness, expansion ; opened, ex-
panded ; open ; (for A. kushiis) dodder.
qOjA^ kushudan, To open.

kushuda, Opened ; open ; — kushuda
shudan, To be opened.

ftiA tjfiS knshiida-shikam, Loose in the
belly.

kishwar (for kisM-war "circumscribed
by a furrow"), A climate, country, quarter,
or region of the world, as divided into
seven climates, each of which is supposed
to be more immediately dependent on one
of the planets ; thus, the first climate, i.e.
Hindustan, is assigned to the planet Sa-
turn ; the second, i.e. China and Khota, to
Jupiter ; the third, i.e. Turkistan, to Mars ;
the fourth, i.e. Iraq and Khurasan, to the
sun ; the fifth, i.e. Transoxania, to Venus;
the sixth, i.e. Greece, or the Turkish em-
pire (Bum), to Mercury; and the seventh,
i.e. the hyperborean regions, to the moon.

tsh^ >T*"* kishwar-drdy, Empire-adorning.

\m. ^yiS kishwar-khuda, kish-
war- khuday, A king, paramount sovereign.

^Ui. )} Jk kishwar-khudd'i, Sovereignty.

jiji kishwar-khidev, A king, sove-
reign.

^gjtij jj&£ kishwar-dari, Sovereignty.

\&£ jykS kishwar-kushd, A conqueror.

jjj™ hishwa/ns. Great ; a great man.

O^jjy*"^ kishwarziydn, Grandees, nohles.

ybu. kishwar-satdn, ^yii kishwar-
kushd, kisiiwar-gushdy, jf&S
kishwar-gir, A conqueror of kingdoms or
countries.

^U-.jyo.^ kishwar-sitdni, t _J\^S j^iS kish-
•war-kushd'i, ijjtS kishwar-giri, Con-

quest of provinces.

a kashuf, A camel having colts two
following years ; a camel covered although
in foal ; — kushiif (v.n. of <-A&£), Scattering,
dispersing ; dispersion.

ifziyii kushnftan, To open; to cleave, to
be burst open ; to scatter, to dissolve ; to
wither, to dry ; to vanish, to disappear, to
become invisible.

haahuna, (in ancient Persian) A
bow (see Wf*^ above).

kasha, A mendicant, poor man ; a
girth, surcingle, or other fastening for
saddles or loads ; ease ; — kisha, French
lavender ; a line drawn to erase writing ;
— kisha, kusha, A line in general, whether
drawn on paper, on a wall, or on the
ground ; — kisha kardan, To erase ; — kath-

( 1035 )

4*

ska, A beast which has thrown bis pack-
saddle.

^ hashi, Health, happiness, goodness ;
drawing; bearing, enduring (in comp.) ; —
hushi, Killing, slaying (in comp.).

hashikhdn, A cuckold, a wittol.
JcasMk&ani, Cuckoldom.

■V*-^ hashid (contracted inf. of hashidan),
Dragging, drawing, &c. (see

^XyiS kashidagi, Stretch ; displeasure.
hashidan, To draw, extract, attract,
protract, extend, prolong; to draw lines,
delineate, paint ; to exhaust, draw out ; to
bring, bear, carry : to bring before, pre-
sent; to withdraw, remove; to conquer;
to support, surfer, endure, put up with ; to
experience ; to lead, induce ; to bind ; to
see ; — atish hashidan, To light a fire ; — an-
jwman hashidan, To gather together an
assembly ; — andar hashidan, To empty a
cup ; to efface, to erase ; to give back ; to
desist ; to omit (see also ; —

awaz hashidan, To extend the voice; —
bdr-gdh hashidan, To pitch a tent bdz
kashidan, To withdraw ; — bazar hathidan,
To set up a market, to fit out a shop (see
also under ; — ba-dhan hashidan, To fet-
ter, to put in chains ; — bad-gumdni hashi-
dan, To slander, to cast suspicion upon; —
bar dar hashidan, To hang on a gibbet ; —
bazrn hashidan, To set out a feast or ban-
quet ; — bi-hash, Take it ! catch hold of it !
(m.c.) ; — parda hashidan, To draw a veil
over ; to remove a veil ; — takht hashidan,
To erect a throne ; — tir hashidan, To shoot
an arrow ; to be hit by an arrow ; — tegh
hashidan, To draw the sword (see also
under £>>) ; — jama dar khan hashidan, To
stain the garment with blood ; — jama, dar
nil hashidan, To dye the garment blue ; —
chadir dar sar hashidan, To cover one's
head with a veil ; — chih hashid, Where will
matters come to ? what will happen? (see
also wider 4^-) ; — Msar hashidan, To erect
a fortress or castle ; — hikdyat hashidan,
To draw out a tale ; to be lengthy (a
narrative, &e.) ; — hhat hashidan dar, To
erase, to destroy; to renounce (see also
under Ssi) \—khwv,d-ra (Jchwudi) hashidan,
To retire, to withdraw (m.c.) ; — khainia
hashidan, To pitch a tent ; — dar bar hashi-
dan. To put on (a garment) ; — dar-ham
hashidan, To contract, draw together,
wrinkle, shrivel ; — dast hashidan, To with-
draw the hand from, to give over, to
abandon (m.c.) ; — dair hashidan, To build
a convent, &c. ; — raqam hashidan, To write ;
— riiy hashidan, To knit the brows, disdain,
turn away the face ; — zahmat hashidan, To
take pains, to give one's self the trouble
(m.c.) ; — zang hashidan. To become rusty ; —
zahr hashidan^o drink poison; — shddurwdn
hashidan, To spread an awning ; — shurm
hashidan az, To be ashamed of, &c. ; — sham-

sher hashidan, To draw a sword ; — saff ha-
shidan, To draw up the battle-line ; — surai
hashidan, To draw a picture ; to paint ; —
tugfera hashidan. To draw the royal sign-
manual ; — tindb hashidan, To fasten a rope,
&c. ; — 'aqab hashidan, To recede, move
back, retrogade (m.c.) ; — Hqdi gauhar ba-
gosh hashidan, To put on ear-rings or pen-
dants ; — 'imdri hashidan, To fasten a
litter ; — farsh hashidan, To spread a car-
pet, &c. ; — qadd hashidan, To draw one's
figure up (see also under Ju>) ; — qima hashi-
dan, To hash meat in a. particular manner ;
— habdb hashidan. To eat roast meat (see
also under vWS) ; — hurra hashidan, To
drop a colt ; — kashti hashidan, To drive
a ship ; — hamar hashidan, To fasten or
tighten a girdle, <fcc. j — gurusnagi hashidan,
To suffer hunger ; — ndzi kase hashidan, To
bear up with one's arrogance, &c. ; — nesh
hashidan, To extract a sting, Ac.

b±y*£ hashida, Drawn ; extended, length-
ened ; long ; shrivelled, wrinkled (face) ;
disturbed in mind, stupefied, thunder-
struck ; weighed ; one who has suffered or
felt ; sullen, supercilious ; a kind of needle-
work; a clenched fist ready to strike a
blow ; high, tall ; — hashida shudan, To be
drawn, extended ; — alam hashida, Afflicted,
pained, distressed ; — tari hashida, Gold-
thread ; — simi hashida, Silver-thread.

^a^aZ hashidani, Fit to be drawn, &c.

^ txtr&£ kashida-abru, One who has dis-
tant or long eye-brows.

3^ BXy&i' hashida-bdla, Tall of stature.

a jtU- s hashida-kh&tjr, Displeased,
sxj.fti" kasMda-dozi, A kind of em-
broidery,

}i hashida-ru, Long or wrinkled-

faced.

y&j} s^Ai" hashida-rish, Long-bearded.
a iXyiS kashida~zahdr, Long-necked
(a horse).

a 8A~i£ kashida-qad (qadd), *s~*\i is^Ai
kashida-qdmat, Tall of stature.
a Jac Hs^i hashida-'aql, A fool.
£ SARAS' hashldagar, An embroiderer.
tj~~£ hashish, A priest, presbyter.

a ji^iS hashish (v.n. of J^), Making a
noise (a serpent's skin in motion, c***
q.v., p. 909, being the noise produced by
the animal itself) ; first brayings of a
young camel.

imS i~^ hashishl, A monastic life, priest-
hood.

t kishlh, A guards-man, a guard ; —

hishtk bit-dan, To be on guard; to be in
attendance ; to accompany.

t (j*^?*^ hishihchi, A sentinel.

t a\± hishlk-k^ana, A guard-house.

t (j-iy iA<vA>£ Mshih-nawls, A clerk of the
guard.

q yjji-i^ hasnisun, The wild egg-plant.

^cS ( 1036 ) «J£

A. }&a£ Jcasir, Short, dwarfish.

A (jo-yc* hasls (v.n. of <s&), Having a
shrill, small voice ; tremor, trembling ;
twisting, writhing, contracting oneself,
shrinking with fear or fatigue; thunder;
terror.

A b£ kazz (v.n.), Oppressing, indisposing
(too much meat) ; perplexing, overwhelm-
ing one (business) ; overwhelmed with
business.

a tUaf kazdz, kazazat (v.n. of feS),

Burdening, oppressing, vexing, harassing ;

— kizdz (v.n. 3 of Involving oneself
in difficulties ; difficulty, trouble, labour ;
enmity, hatred.

a i^liS kizdmat, That part of an arrow
where the feathers are placed ; also the
sinew with which they are bound ; the ring
where the chains meet which support the
scales of a balance ; a well in communica-
tion with another well.

A ka.zr (v.n,), Notching the horn of a
bow to receive the string; — kizr, A nerve
twisted about the notch of an arrow; —
faizr, The middle of the collar-bone.

a. ^ kazm (v.n.), Restraining (anger);
shutting (a door) ; damming up (a water-
course) ; — kazam, The mouth ; the throat.

A pj<>Z kazam, An animal that does not
chew the cud; — kuzum (v.n. of (>*£), Ab-
staining from chewing the cud (camels) ;
keeping silence.

a kazlm , Who checks his rage, re-
strains his passion ; afflicted, sorrowful ; a
lock, bolt, bar.

A |»U£ Id' am (v.n. 3 of /»*£), Muzzling (a
camel) ; a camel's muzzle ; (pi. of hi'm)
sheaths; repositories for arms.

A <^~*Z ka'b (v.n.), Filling (a vessel) ;
being round and plump (a girl's' breast) ;
the ankle-bone, ankle ; the heel ; the top
of the foot, the instep ; a die for playing ;
a cube ; nobility, grandeur, ancestral glory ;
name of the fathers of two tribes (ka'b bin
rabi'ah and ka'b bin kildb) ; [Ica'bi piydla,
The bottom or base of a cap ; — ka'bi gurg,
A shell which a messenger or express ties
to his foot, in the belief that, however much
he runs "like a wolf" (see y$>y> below), he
will never get tired;] — ku'h, The breast;
(pi. of ka'b) dice.

a ka'bat, ka'ba, A die or play-bone ;
any square building; the sanctuary of
Mecca (more fully ka'batu '11 dh) ; [ka'ba'i
iqbal, The place to which one looks for hap-
piness ; — ka'ba'i jdn, Aim or object of one's
life; — ka'ba'i jahdn-gard (rah-rav, muhrim-
nishdn), The sun ;] — kwbat, Virginity.

a y ka'batain (obliq. du. of ka'bat
used as nom.), Two dice; two throws in
the game nard ; the two temples, Mecca
and Jerusalem ; — ka'bataini lchasam bdz
vuilidan, (met.) To thwart an enemy's de-

signs, to vanquish him, to get the better
of him ; — ka'bataini qalb, The two ventricles
of the heart.

a 6j**S' ka'bada (for ka'b-kada), The site
of the temple of Mecca; a theatre, or any
place for public spectacles.

a ka'ba, The square temple at Mecca
(see' I?**).

a ka'ba-jo, and —

a % ka'ba-rav, ka'ba-rau, A visitor to
the Ka'aba.

a ki-xS ka't, Short- bodied (man).

a ka'k (for P. leak), Biscuit, cake
without milk or butter in it.

a ka'm (v.n.), Muzzling (a camel) ;
stopping (the mouth of a vessel) ; kissing ;
— ki'm, A sheath, scabbard, repository
for arms.

a s-»j*^ ku'ub (v.n. of s-*^), Having
swelling breasts (a girl) ; filling a vessel so
that the contents assume a convex surface ;
(pi. of ka'b) ankle-bones ; heels ; cubes.

a et^xS' ku'ait, The nightingale.

aIUS" kagh&la, A seed whence oil is
drawn.

kaf (S. kapha), Froth, foam, scum,
soap-suds, Spittle ; a small quantity ; a
black tincture with which the eyebrows of
a bride are dyed ; purslain ; (imp. of kaf't-
dan) cleave thou ; (for A. kaff see next
article) the palm of the hand ; the sole of
the foot ; [kafi dbglna, The scum or dross
which floats on the surface of glass when
in fusion; — kafi daryd, Froth of the sea;
scuttle-bone; — kaf zadan, To foam, to
froth ; — kafi safed, Snow (see also <~ai) •
— kaf Icardan, To produce foam or froth ; to
eat or drink anything frothy ; — kafi mis, A
scoria produced by pouring water on brass
when in a state of fusion;] — kuf (for A.
kvfu', kuf it, alike, equal.

a kaff (v.n.), in P. mostly kaf, Pro-
hibiting, restraining, averting ; abstaining,
refraining, containing oneself ; hemming a
garment ; being holden or covered (the eye
so that it cannot see) ; the dropping of the
seventh letter of the scheme of a metrical
foot when quiescent, changing fd'ildtun

( — ) into fd'ilatu ( — — - — ■ — ),

aud tnafa'ilun (— ' — ) into itiafd'ilu

(• — ■ -), in other words the shorten-
ing of the last syllable of the foot; the
hand ; the palm of the hand ; a handful ;
the foot of a quadruped having toes ; —
kafi asad, Name of a herb ; — kafi afsos,
The hand (wrung in token) of distress; —
kofi baud, The white (i.e. miracle-working)
hand (of Moses) ; — kafi pa, Sole of the
foot; — kafi, pat, see <_5>^. ^ below ; — kafi
chandr, Leaf uf the plane-tree ; — kafi dast,
Palm of the hand ; — kafi zi'b, Name of a
plant ; — kaf raftan, To steal, to take fe-
loniously ; — kaf zadan, To beat time; — kafi

( 1037 )

'dyitha (maryam), Name of the root of a
plant ; — leaf g&uncha kardan, To clench the
fist ; — kafi mar/' an, A coral-branch ; — Tcafi
muia, The (wonder-working) hand of Moses
(Exod. iv. 6) ; — ba-kaf dwardan, To seize,
grasp, clutch ; to make public ; — dar kaf
dmadan, To come to hand or into posses-
sion ; — Hlmi kaf, Chiromancy, palmistry.

a US' kaf' (v.n.), Turning back (any-
thing) ; — kif, The bed of a river ;—kafa',
Eecompense, requital ; resemblance ; — kifd'
(v.n. 3 of °^), Being equal, alike, resem-
bling ; rewarding, requiting, recompensing ;
power ; (pi. of leaf?) equals.

kafti, kifd, Adversity, straits, diffi-
culty ; affliction, sickness, disease ; stran-
gulation.

a W kufdt, in P. ^ (pi. of kaf i), Those
who perform their duties efficiently, capable
men.

a jM£ kaffar, Ungrateful ; — kuffdr (pi. of
hifir), Infidels, unbelievers, pagans, idola-
ters ; — kuffdri tira-rozgdr. Wicked infidels ;
— kuffdri khdksdr, Grovelling pagans ; —
kuffdri dozakh-qardr, Infernal unbelievers.

A l^ii kaffdrat, kaffdra. Penitence, pe-
nance, atonement (by alms, fasting, &c.) ;
construed with dashtan, ahikast-an, kardan,
&c. ; — kaffarati zunub, Expiation of sins.

a ^J\ii kaf of, Sufficiency, competency,
enough (to keep one from begging) ; pit-
tance, daily bread; alike, resembling, equal
to ; [kafdfi nafs, Sufficient for the suste-
nance of life ; — wajhi kafdf, A sufficient
quantity ;] — kifaf, The external part of the
ear; edge, hem ; (pi. of kiffat), scales of a
balance; (pi. of kuffat), hems, borders.

a kafalai (v.n. of J«S), Becoming
surety, giving bail ; security, bail, respon-
sibility ; a pledge, pawn ; — kafdlatu '1-mdl,
Pecuniary bail; — kafalat hi 'n-nafs, Per-
sonal security ; — kafalatijahdz, Bottomry.

a i-U kafalat-ndma, A bail-bond.

kafdna, An abortion, castling.

tJ xjUi' kafdnidan, To cleave lengthwise;
to cut or split open.

a ifcUi' kifdyai, kifdya (v.n. of Being
sufficient, sufficing ; a sufficiency, a supply
adequate to wants ; ability, capacity, being
equal to a task competency; gain advan-
tage; a surplus, savings ; economy, thrift ;
— kifdyai shudan, To be sufficient ; to be
saved, spared; to be accomplished ; to be
successful ; — kifdyai kardan, To suffice,
serve, do ; to accomplish ; render accom-
plished, prosperous, or successful; — kifdyat
kard (mi-kunad), That is sufficient (m.c).

tjjUa. m-iUi' kifdyat-shi'dr, Economical,
thrifty; distinguished by ability or pru-
dence.

a v^j^* 4 - d-j^S kafdy(il-»lii l dri, Economy,
thriftiness, frugality.

a u^jU* kifdyati, Abundance, plenty,

sufficiency, adequacy ; thrifty ; cheap, pur-
chased for less than its value.

a J\> otf kaf-pd'i (kafi pd'i), The basti-
nado ; — kaf-pd'i fchwurdan, To receive the
bastinado; — kaf-pd'i xadan, To inflict the
bastinado.

a S&£ kiffat, kaf at, The basin or scale of
a balance ; — kiffat, Anything circular or
spherical ; the rim (of a drum) ; the gum,
especially the lower part of it ; a ditch, a
pool ; — kuffat, Hem (of a garment) ; bor-
der, list, edge ; a crowd (of people), those
next to one ; the net of a hunter or fowler.

/caff, He burst, he split ; he dug ;
split, cleft ; a bursting, splitting, rupture ;
■ — kift, The shoulder ; — kuft, A rupture ; a
fissure ; a breaking, pounding iu pieces ; a
sprain, a bruise.

kaftd, Broken, burst.
kaftdr, A hyena; (met.) a despoiler
of the dead.

kaftar, A pigeon.
kaftarl, A weaver's comb.

l _£siS kaftagi, A split, crack, rent ; — kuf-
tagi, A sprain, a bruise.

kaftan, To split ; to be divided or
split; — kiiftan. To beat, bruise, smite; to
pound ; to sprain.

jyiiS haft-fir, Perseverance in any under-
taking, patience in affliction.

"S-sjtf kafta, Split, burst, cracked ; di-
vided; bipartite; — kufta, Sprained ; bruised.

!*- to>£ kafta-sum, Cloven-hoofed (opp.
to nd kafta-sum, Solid-hoofed).

JyetJZ kafjul, A chopping-bUick.

^ kafch, A skimmer; froth, scum;
soap-suds; spittle; a curl; the hood of a
snake.

j-Jli^ kafchales, — yi^^ q.v.
u£ ^» kafchak, A skimmer; saddle-flaps.
J«j=£ kafchal, Crupper, haunches of a
horse,

i_£>}>. J*^ kafchal-po»h, Rich housings.

y^aj&kafchalez, A ladle full of holes for
taking rice out of a pot, a skimmer ; the
dog-fish ; a tadpole.

<d-jAiji£ kafchalezaJc, A little skimmer ; a
tadpole ; a small crocodile ; a red-tailed
lizard.

^-l&aS' kafchalem, A small skimmer; a
tadpole.

<i> } id& kaf chub, Jj^ 5 kaf chid, A saddle-
pillow or cushion ; a level, bare, desert
plain.

kafclia, A ladle, spatula, spoon ; a
skimmer; a curl, a ringlet; a kind of ser-
pent ; the hood of a snake ; an open jacket.

Jy &^t£kafcha-iiol. Spoonbill (a bird).

a leafh (v.n.), Eeveaiing, uncovering ;
looking straight into, or speaking to, one's
face; kissing; striking with a stick ; check-
ing a horse; — kafah (v.n.), Being timid,
pusillanimous, cowardly.

<-a* kaf-ddri, Play, trick, sport.

jJK ( 1038 ) J*

ta~.J >-&S kaf-dast, The palm of the hand
(see kafi dast under <-*£) ; — kaf-dast bar
ham siidan, To wring the hands ; to rub
the palms.

a ft kafr (v.n.), Covering, hiding, con-
cealing, enveloping; relapsing into infi-
delity ; unbelief, impiety; a large pitcher (F);
— kifr, Darkness of the night ; — kufr (v.n.),
Being unbelieving, impious, ungrateful ;
blasphemy, incredulity, impiety ; infidelity,
unbelief, ingratitude •, pitch ; [kufr giriftan,
To blaspheme; — kufri nafsi-hi, Self-denial;]
— kafar, An eagle ; the spathe of a palm-
flower ; a high mountain ; — kvfur (pi. of
kafur), Infidels ; ungrateful (persons).

\ft kufrd, Blossoms of the date-tree; —
kufra, fijf Itufrah, The envelope of the
flowers of the female palm-tree.

a kufrdn (v.n. of j&S~), Being un-
grateful to one's Divine Benefactor ; ingra-
titude ; unbelief; — kufrdni ni'mat, CJn-
thankfulness for benefits received.

a j\) ft hifr-zar, Q^—ftkufristdn, Abound-
ing in ungratefulness or impiety.

a ft kafr-tdb, Name of a town be-
tween Ma'ra and Aleppo.

a l>2 ft kafr-ldsd, Name of a village a
day's journey distant from Aleppo.

a kufr-goy (gulf), A blasphemer.

a- ^ft kufri, Infidel, pagan ; an unbe-
liever, an idolater, &c. ; — kufarrd, The en-
velope of the flowers of the palm-tree.

jul. U>i kaf-safe.d, (white-hand) Liberal.
kafasg, — ii&su& q.v.

uCl., >_4s kaf-sang, (a hand-stone) A stone
held in the hand with which anything is
brayed upon a slab ; a muller ; a stone for
cracking nuts.

<J**i£ kafsh, A shoe, sandal, slipper, high-
heeled and shod with iron ; — kafsh az
pd afqandan Qnrun kardan), To take
off one's shoes ; — kafshi dhu, The hoof
of a deer, &c. ; — kafsh id ba-id shudan.
The shoe of one foot to be interchanged
with that of the other foot ; — kafsh td ba-
td kardan, To interchange the shoes in
this manner ; — kafsh para kardan, To tear
one's shoes ; (met.) to busy oneself in a
matter; — kafsh poshidan, To put on one's
shoes ; — kafsh pishi pa'i o na-mt iawdiiad
guzdsht, He is no match for a thing, he is
incapable of doing it (phrase used by
women) ; — kafsh pishi pa'i kase guzdsMan
(dwardan, nihddan), To place the shoes be-
fore one, in order to put them on (the
business of a servant) ; — kafshi jasta, A
high-heeled shoe ; — kafsh khwdsta-n. (to
ask for one's shoes) To set out on a jour-
ney ; — kafsh daridan, To tear one's shoes;
(met) to busy oneself in a matter; —
kafsh-rd az pay ba-pdyi dlgar dddan, To
interchange the shoe of one foot with that
of the other; — kafsh nihddan (to lay by
one's shoes), To give over travelling, to

remain at home ; — kafsh u moza ma-khwdh
(do not ask for shoes and gaiters), Renounce
travelling, stay at home ! — pd tft'i kafshi
digar kardan, To put on another man's
shoes, i.e. to poach on his preserves (m.c).

tA** kafsh-bcin, Who takes care of
the shoes, &c.

ij^j?. kafsh- posh, (met.) A cheat, a

cunning or artful person.

jtii kafsh- ddr, ~ (jVj <JU>Z q,y.

jjJ i_r^ kafsh-daz, A shoemaker.

\>) yi^S kafsh-rubd, A robber of shoes,
&o.

juZ kahh-kan, A place where the
slippers are pulled off.

0 £aaS kafshakt, Name of a wrestling-
trick.

is&t&i kafashg, Husks, brau, chaff (also
used in Turkish along with the synonym
kapak "bran," whose outline, read
kwpuk, means " scum." This leads me to
believe that both the Persian and the
Turkish terms are akin to <Aif, in which
case gAS'q.v. above might be considered as
an intermediate form).

} Ou£ kafshgar, Dealer in shoes ; a shoe-
maker.

kafshan, A desert ; also ground
which has formerly been cultivated.

jo&tS fcafsTiir, Solder ; borax ; lead, tin,
pewter ; — kafshlr kardan, To solder ; —
kafshlr giriftan (pazlruftan), To be sol-
dered, closed up, united ; to heal.

clU^ kafk, Froth, scum ; soap-suds ;
spittle ; — kafk bar dwardan, To cast up
scum ; to froth, foam.

a «eU£ kafak (dim. of <-*^), The part of
hand or foot that is stained by way of
ornament.

u>Jw£ kafk-afgan, Throwing up foam.

ft uiliAS kafk-glr, ft-<6 kaf-gvr, A skimmer,
spoon, ladle, generally perforated like a
colander.

ti^SiS' hafgug, An old hat, &c.

i JaS' kafi (v.n.), Pasting continually;
being security for another ; — kifl, Alike,
equal ; a part, portion ; the cloth covering
a camel's hump, on which the rider sits ;
one who sits badly on a mount ; — kafal.
The buttocks, the rump, the haunches ;
crupper (of a horse) ; in P. a kind of cloth
used instead of a saddle; — kuffal, Sureties,
bondsmen ; persons who fast continually.

a =2^ kitfald' (pi. of Jcafil), Securities,
bails, &o. (see J*^)-

a Ja£ kafal-posh, A horse-cloth.

a alSii* kafal-gdh, The hips, buttocks.

■ftti leaflet, ift^ kafiem, A ladle, skimmer ;
a colander, strainer.

a kafn (v.n. of i^ft), Spinning ; bury,
ing bread in the ashes (to bake) ; wrapping
(a corpse) in a winding-sheet ; — kafan,
Q-rave-cloth, a winding-sheet, a shroud ; —
kafan bar chob kardan, To demand justice,

( 1039 )

to claim one's right ; — hafan bar dosh of-
gand, He excused himself, he apologized;
— hafan bar gardan, With a winding-sheet
round one's neck ; — hafan pdra hardan, To
escape from a great calamity, to recover
from severe illness; — hafan u tegh ba-dast
girifta dmadan, To crave forgiveness from
a monarch (not from an ordinary person).

a e 4 *^ O 4 ^ hafan-dhanj (also j hafan-
duzd), A stripper or plunderer of the dead.

» o*-**^ hafan- dhanji, A stripping of
the dead ; — hafan-dhanji hardan, To plunder
or strip the dead of their grave-clothes.

hafanj, A fish which stimulates to

venery.

a hafan-duzd, A despoiler of the

dead.

a jjd (jjtf" hafan-doz, "Who sews a shroud.
a (_ja4£ hafnl, hafanl, A dress worn by
fakirs.

A *)t£ hafii', Like, equal ; of the same
tribe or class ; tribe, caste, family ; brother-
hood.

a haffir, Unthankful ; impious, an
infidel; — hufur (v.n. of y^), Being impious,
ungrateful to one's divine benefactor ; im-
piety, infidelity.

a ujytf' kafcif, (A camel) whose teeth are
worn to the stump with age ;— leufuf (v.n.

of <-4S), Having teeth worn out with age
(came]); (pi. of haff), palms (of hands);
hands.

u& haffa, kafa, A heap of corn in a barn
winnowed ; ears of wheat or barley not
threshed or trodden out ; a piece of cloth,
&c, steeped in the juice of poppy and
twisted into a bundle with others ; smug-
gling (esp. of opium) ; the tray of a pair of
scales ; a tambour de basque ; name of a
city.

a hufd, Like, equal ; (pi. of hufyat)
sufficiencies ; victuals, livelihoods ; — hafiy,
hafi, Sufficient.

hafydr, Laborious, painstaking in
praiseworthy deeds.

a hafih, Alike, equal, resembling ; a
husband; a bed-fellow; an unexpected
guest.

yAjAf hafldan, To burst, crack, break; to
foam.

tx^ haflda, Burst, broken, cracked,
split.

Jj tAiii haflda-dil, Heart-broken.

hafiz, A measure containing about
64 lbg. in weight (cf. ^ p. ?82).

a J*Ai hafil, A security, surety, cautioner,
bail; a ransomer; a hostage.

a } \S J^iS" hafil-har, A surety ; a respon-
sible agent.

ttft& kafin, A thing, matter, business ;—
hafine'i nistl, A nonentity ; — hafine'i has-
tanij A thing in existence.

•sii hah, Dry biscuit ; name of a sour
herb ; one who adorns himself ; — huh, A

hen that has left off laying and wants the
cock; (in T.) the root of grass, &o.

^ kahd, (in Zand and Pazand) The
teeth.

kaJecha, Cotton-seed.

hahrl, Name of a city in India ; a
kind of cucumber (Cucumus utilissimus,
Rorb.).

y& hahizh, <Jt-££ hahish, The herb rocket.

ctU.^ hakmak, A mole or freckle.

haka, Name of a buffoon who was
also a stammerer ; — haka, hahl, Human
excrement (comp. Lat. cacare, and its con-
geners in modern languages).

J£ hal, A man who has wounds and scars
on his head and has lost his hair ; bald ;
a bald head; baldness; the male of any
animal ; a male buffalo ; [zto.it' dashna-kash,
One who on the slightest provocation draws
his dagger ;] — hal, hul, Short, defective ;
— hul, Crooked-backed ; bent, curved ; a
village, hamlet (comp, S. Mia).

a JS" hall (v.n.), Being blunt (a sword);
dull, dim (sight) ; slow, statnmeriug-(iongue) ;
being tired ; heaviness ; a heavy burden ;
trouble, injustice, oppression; domestics,
family, household ; an orphan ; one who
has neither parent nor child ; — hull, All,
universal, the whole ; each ; — hullu anas,
All men ; — hullu ahid-in, Everyone; — hullu
ghai'in yarja'u ila asli-hi, Everything re-
turns to its origin.

a °5tf hala (v.n. of Abounding in

green herbage (ground) ; forage, fodder,
herbage ; ■ — hild' (v.n.), Guarding ; being
deferred (payment of a debt) ; drawing to
a close (life) ; — Mid (du. of hull), Both ; —
holla, Not at all, not in the least; by no
means; certainly, by all means, yes; verily,
truly.

^ kald, A frog; potash; — hula (for
haldh), A hat, &c. (see ; — kallA, A cab-
bage ; the head.

A kild'at (v.n. of **£), Guarding;
flogging ; being deferred ; abounding in
forage; drawing to a close (life).

a v*!^ haldb, Madness, loss of reason ;
hydrophobia; — hildb (pi. of kalh), Dogs;
name of the father of a tribal branch of
the Quraish {hildb bin murrah) ; also of one
of the Banii Hawazin (hildb bin rabi'ah) ; —
halldb, A keeper of dogs ; — hulldb, A pot-
hook ; a hooked instrument for drawing
bread from the oven ; a spur.

t kaldhatun, A kind of needle-work

or embroidery ; gold-thread, lace, galloon.

haldba, A raw thread as it is wound
from the spindle, yarn ; a ball of thread, a
clew, hank, skein ; a reel, wheel for wind-
ing thread on ; (for H. kaldwd) the band
round an elephant's neck in which the
dnver fixes his feet.

<s*S^ haldba-wng, A stone for a

sling.

uJX ( 1C

raftan, kasMdan, &c.) ; a blackish red
colour.

ut-il^ kalaft. The beak of a bird ; — kuluft,
Bough, uncouth ; thick, thick-set,

iiSJjn£Ji£ kalfakhshang, •*• t* tf kalfah-
shang, An icicle.

•alK kalk, The side under the arm-
pit ; — kilk, A hollow reed, a kex ;. a pen ;
an arrow ; the canine-teeth ; a brasier ;
flesh-glue; [kilki fchwush-raftar. An easy-
going pen ; — kilk dar banan afgandan, To
prepare for •writing, to be ready or about
to write ; — kilki shakar, Sugar-cane ; —
kilki 'ambar-bdr, An odoriferous reed •
kilki firangi, A pencil, pencil-case, crayon ;
— kilki kabutar-dum, A reed-pen mended in
a manner that the nib resembles the tail of
a pigeon ;] — kulk. The fine wool, combed
from the root of the hair of a species
of goat, of which shawls are made ; the
side under the arm-pit ; — kalak, A lancet ;
an eartben fire-stove ; a concourse of
people ; headache ; a kind of float for
passing rivers, constructed of bundles of
reeds and the like, and a number of in-
flated skins; ill-omened, unlucky ; an owl;
a pod of cotton not yet ripe ; a young
he-buffalo j name of a place near Dama-
ghan remarkable for its excellent wheat ;
[kalak bar sari base bastan, To bring mis-
fortune upon, to afflict;] — kalik, An owl;
— Mlik, Squint-eyed; the little finger; —
kulak, A satirical or pungent speech (see
; — kuluk, Squint-eyed ; gripes.
V*i kilk-pera, A scribe, a calligraphist ;
a seller of pens.

kalk-aita, Calcutta, capital of Bengal.
^ — 4. <*UZ kalak khasp, A crowd of people
huddled together round a fire in winter ;
poor, indigent.
y^SX kalkam, An old broom.
J£ J£ kal-kal, Vain words, nonsensical
talk ; search, inquiry ; a very acid citron
or lemon ; — kahkal, kil-kil, kul-kul, Bdel-
lium.

a kulkullan, One entrusted with

the whole economy of a house ; a factotum,
or major domo.

gjiSli' kalkalanij, An electuary against
colic and dysury.

<*1*K kulkula, A small kind of hooka.

a^jJ^ kilkilicha, TitiUation, tickling.

kalkam, A cleaving, splitting ; the
rainbow ; — kalkam, kulkum, A balista,
catapulta.

ctUiUS' kilkank, kilkanak, Purslain.

^SIS kalaM, kalkl, A plume worn on the
head by the youths of Persia in battle and
on gre/kt occasions (see ,_5*K and ^^).
£l£ kaltes, A boy's spinning-top.

Ajflili' kulkina, Soft, shaggy silk or velvet.
kalgl, A plume worn on the head
(see 0 *K and 0 £K).

JK kalal, A plume worn on the head by

» )

the Persian youths in battle or on fes-
tivals.

a f& kalm (v.n.), Wounding ; a wound ;
— kalim, kilam (pi. of kalimat, kilamat),
Words.

kalam, A cabbage, cauliflower; — kilim,
A carpet.

Ul£ kalma, (in Zand or Pazand) A vine.

a UK kullamd, As often as, every time ;
— kullumd, Whatever.

a c^Utf kalimat (pi. of kalimat), Words,
vocables, discourses, speeches ; — 'ashara
kalimat, The decalogue.

<iSX.UK kalmdeang, A sling.

a kalimat, in P. also kalima, kalma,
A word, saying, discourse, vocable, part of
speech ; the Muhammad an confession of
faith ; — kalimatu 'l-haqq, The word of God ;
— kalimatu 'l-ldh, The word of God ; Jesus
Christ ; — kalima ba-kalima, Word for word ;
— kalima'i zabani. Word of mouth; — ka-
lima i kufr, Blasphemy, profanity.

a <£ex+ H kalimatain (obi. du. used as
nom.), The two propositions of the Muham-
madan confession of faith, i.e. " There is no
god but God, and Muhammad is the
apostle of God."

a ^j*=** kul-mukhtari, Full authority.
kalmurgh,, A species of vulture.
J£ k-al-makal, = J* kal-kal, q.y.
kal^vzh, A lizard with a head like a
serpent.

a fc)V" J* kul-mizan, Grand total.

<v>K kulan, A swelling in the body ; a
wen ; elephantiasis ; carded cotton.

**-*K kulumba, Almond-cake ; a ball.

kilanj, Dirt, filth ; vain-glory ; th«
little finger.

jU^K kilinjdr, A crab, a crayfish.

^<^jK kilanjar, A place and fort in Hindu,
stiin.

kalinjari, A kind of black grape :
— kilanjarl, A native of Kilanjar; name oi
the place itself.

tx^EAK kilanjak, The little finger ; — kulan-
jak, kilinjak, "A^* kulanehak, A crab.

kaland, ktrtand, A mattock, a pick'
axe, shovel ; a vine-dresser's pruning-hook
[kaland afgandan, A mode of incantatior
or vaticination ;] — kuland, A lock, key
rough, unshaved, unsmoothed ; a log fast
ened to a dog's neck,

jjAS" kaland-bardar, kuUmd-barddr, £
pioneer.

jXdi kalandar, The stocks ; bar of a door
a rough, untrimuied stick; a rough, un
couth man (whence A. y-^).

kalandara, kulandara, A rough, un
shaved stick ; a man uncouth in his man
ners.

f jjJi kaland-gar, One who uses a pick-axe
a pioneer.

yjjJX kulandan, To shake a garment o
carpet.

( 1044 )

4tf

8 AdS" Tcalanda, The hopper of a mill.
^jJoK fcctlcmcft, Hard and Tough ground ;
a pioneer.

yAij^Ji' fcalancftdcMi, To dig, to excavate.

usklf kalink, Squint-eyed ; — kilnak, Pur-
slain ; — kilnak, kilaiik, A. key-hole ; — kulank
(S. kurangkara) , A crane, heron ; a large
cock ; — kulunk, A pickaxe.

*sV£*lS kilnakak, Pur slain.

(j&J^ kulanki, Greedy, over-reaching ; a
sort of cock ; one who uses a mattock or
pick-axe.

»a£*l£ kilang, A key-hole ; — kulang, A
crane (see vs$M) ; a fowl of a large and
good breed ; — kulung, A pick-axe.

fcXkulna, A bird's beak,

<P kulo, The head man of a ward ; the
judge of a market ; the governor of a pro-
vince ; a large buttered cake.

a »^ kola' , Able to do with very little
sleep.

\fc kalwa, A joining of two things; a
frog.

a kul-war, With or according to the
whole assessment.

s- 1 ^ kulvb, A form, model, mould.

a kallub, Forceps, pincers.

tsijfs kulubanda, A head servant.

utiiyi' kulotak, kalotak, An implement of
wood used by fullers and washers of linen.

a>jl£ kulota, A kind of veil of net-work
worn by Persian ladies, through which
may be seen the ornaments or gems of
their head-dress without distinguishing the
features ; a sort of angular cap wadded
with cotton worn by children.

kaluj, Bread which has fallen from
the wall of the oven into the ashes and
become baked there ; a hand or foot which
has lost its fingers or toes by frost ; — kuluj,
A large round cake ; crumbs.

kuloch, Exchange, return, requital ;
chewing anything which makes a noise ;
scranching.

qjl^jK kulochldan, To scranch, to bite or
chew things which make a noise in masti-
cating, such as biscuits and the like.

a kuluh (v.n. of fJi'), Assuming a
stern countenance ; drawing the lips so that
the teeth appear, grinning.

kulukh, A clod of earth ; dried clay ;
an unburnt brick ; fragments of an old
wall, brickbats ; dull, stupid, mean-spirited ;
— kulukh bar lab zadan (malidan, nihadan),
To conceal anything ; according to others,
to simulate ignorance ; — kulukh dar ah
afgandan, To be quarrelsome, litigious ; —
kulukhi rah, A clod met in the road; (met.)
an obstacle, obstruction.

kulukh -amrud, A hard, insipid

pear.

jUrt fcjtf kulukh,-anddz, Apertures in a
fortified wall, through which stones and
combustibles are thrown; an embrasure

(m.c.) ; a sling ; a slinger ; a grandchild ;
also —

kulukh-andazan, A festival
celebrated at the close of the month Sh&'-
ban.

kulukh'Chln, A heap of collected
bricks ; — kulukh-chlne kardan, To build up
such a heap.

/) fcjtf kulukh-zar, A place abounding in
clods.

■~>f fytf" kalukh-koh, A clod-crusher ; a
mallet for breaking clods.

)<j£ kalur, Gleanings of corn.

)<P kuluz, kuluza, A cotton-pod.

ktdus, A horse white about the
face, eyes, and muzzle.

d<j>$ kalok, A smooth-faced boy ; a grain
somewhat resembling a French bean ; —
kulok, Ill-bred, impudent, shameless.

k Jjl* kuldl (v.n. of Jf), Being dim (the
sight) ; blunt (a sword).

a kvXiim (pi. of kalm), Wounds.

•$<P kalwand, A kind of cucumber ; figs,
walnuts, or dates strung on a cord ; name
of a mountain.

kalwanda, A cucumber ; a small
and slender cucumber ; a large cucumber
kept for seed ; an unripe melon.

(jsjli" ktdoy, — $Z q.v.

•iJjlS kaltvid, A cooking-pot.

<*J^ kala, The face or cheek ; the risings
about the mouth in laughing ; the inside
of the lips ; a bow ; a stitch in sewing j
the act of stitching ; the motion in venery ;
a trevet ; an iron mace ; a city in an island ;
[kala'i sa'ill, Misfortune,' ill-luck ; a name
given to the infidels of Hindustan ; crows
gathered about a carcase ;] — kila, Stitching
or quilting ; name of a city ; — kula, Short,
defective ; a short man ; — kulah, A cap,
tiara, mitre, or fillet; a wriggling motion,
especially during coitus ; membrum virile ;
[kulah andakhtan (bar-anddkhtan), To be
in high spirits, to shout with joy on ob-
taining the object of one's wishes ; — zarrin-
kulahan, (golden-caps) Certain officers
about the king of Persia's household that
wear golden tiaras, chamberlains ;] — kalla,
The head ; the crown or hinder part of the
head (also kalla'i ear) ; top, summit ; faith-
less, insincere, dishonest-; everywhere;
[kalla zadan, To knock their heads to-
gether, to butt (fighting- rams, m.c.) ; —
kalla'i sher, A water-tap ; — kalla'i qand, A
sugar-loaf ; — kalla'i naqus, The upper part
of a bell;] — killa, The roof of a house, or
anything which answers the purpose of a
roof ; a screen ; a curtain formed into a
kind of dressing-room for the ladies ; a
tent, a pavilion ; (construed with bastan
and zadan) ; [killa'i khazrd, The sky ; —
killa'i dukharii, The sky; a biack cloud ; a
dark night; — killa'i nilufari, The sky;] —
kullah, The hair of the head, a lock of hair

( 1046 )

tied in a knot ; the heel, the protuberant
joint-bone of the foot and leg; — kuUahi
mushMn, Curls, ringlets (see *X
below).

A?- 1 } AX kalla-pdcha, Sheep's trotters.

J ^ )> kalla-pur-bdd, A head full of
air, i.e. arrogant, haughty.

^S^W jj kalla~pur-badi, Arrogance,
haughtiness.

^ kaUa-parivdr ())j> parwar), A kind
of sweetmeat.

ji, kalla-paz {J^/ farosK), One who
dresses and sells the head, feet, and tripe
of cattle.

*X kalla-posh, A tiara, mitre, or cap,
a square bonnet worn by young girls.

«iU«t kalla-kkudhh, Mad, crazy ; Bad ;
an opium-eater ; a hen's egg which has
been placed with the head downwards and
left to dry.

jtj tlf kulah-ddr, A conqueror ; an abso-
lute sovereign ; proud, haughty, arrogant ;
stubborn.

tSj^ *^ kulah-ddri, Sovereignty ; obsti-
nacy.

j^j aiS kalla-dardz, Noisy, clamorous ;
long-tongued ; abusive ; a brawler.

^jj^o iiS kalla-darazi, Clamour, noisiness,
turbulence ; abuse.

,_5j^ kalahri, A squirrel.

6jj iiS killa-zada, kulah-zada (?), A throne
with a canopy.

0j kalla-zan, A boaster, swaggerer.

J) *1S kalla-zanl. Boasting, swaggering.

fry* siS kalla-surkh, Red-headed.

a \;<*A iiS kulah-shajard, by^A ahwjara,
Succession and property of a saint, fakir,
&c.

kalla-Jcdr, Clamorous, noisy, tu-
multuous.

Iculah-gosha, The corner of a cap ;
— kulah-gosha'i mulk, A king's son, prince.

tjU— ^ jt fiAjf ili kulah-gosha bar asmdn,
High rank, exaltation, dignity.
i\Z kulah-gir, A catamite.
A kullu-hum. All of them, the whole,
{jjtf&s-" dl£ kullah-mushMn, A lock, a
ringlet.

jU* i\S kallcb-manar, A pillar or turret on
which the heads of robbers and highway-
men were exposed as a warning to others.

j&i iiS killa-nigdr, A carpet-spreader,
&c. (= ^r*V farrdsh, q-v.).

a ^ kaly (v.n.), Striking the reins or
kidneys > — kilo, (v.n.), Being hurt in the
kidneys ; — kula (pi. of kulyat), Kidneys ;
sides of rivers ; lower parts of clouds.

kail, An eruption on the head which
children are subject to; — kuli, A tambou-
rine ; a large cake ; a small kind of fish
which stimulates to venery ; anything which
eats or corrodes (as rust, the moth, leprosy,
or gangrene) ; rustic, rural ; a country
life j — kule, One village.

a (ji* Tculli, Universal, total, all, every ; —
ihtimdli kulll, Every probability ; — ha-kulll,
Altogether, in all ; generally.

kilyd, A plant used by soap-boilevs,
potash ; (in Zand and Pazand) a sheep.

a kulyat (pi. of kulyat), Reins,

kidneys ; — kulliyat (pi. of kulliyat), All,
everyone, everything j the whole work of an
author (as kulliyaii sa'di " the collected
works of Sa'di").

kilyds, The door or entrance to
a house ; a privy on the roof of a house.

^KMTdlyanl, Gum- ammoniac, galbanum,
assafcetida.

SjUl£ kalydwa, Deaf.

a s-s*£ kalib, A pack of dogs.

A kulyat, A kidney ; the curved part
of a bow between the handle and the ex-
tremes ; the lower part of a cloud ; — kulliyat
(fern, of "^JS kulliy), All ; universality,
totality, the whole, the total.

g-J^ kaiij, Vain, proud ; dirt, filth ; —
kilej, A horse whose hind legs are crooked ;
— kulij, Bread which, having fallen from
the side of the oven (the ovens in Asia are
often mere holes in the ground) , has been
baked in the aBhes ; a large cake.

^ kallch, Pus ; dirt, filth.

'Wjli' kalicha, A wooden bolt or key ; —
kulicha, The disc or body of the sun or
moon ; a small buttered loaf ; a splendid
garment closely sewed ; stitched, quilted ;
— kulicha'i slm, Full moon.

kulicha-paz, A maker of cakes, a
pastry-cook.

■^katid, kilid (G. k\m), A key ; an in-
dex; a ploughshare ; — kalidu 'l-bahr, Key of
the sea, name of one of the outskirts of Con-
stantinople (m.c.) ; — kalidi vindn (bihisht),
A testimony, attestation, confession of faith ;
— kalidi eipihr, The moon ; — kalidi ghalat, A
key which opens several doors, a master-
key ; — kalidi 'aqd, Who has the power of
binding and loosing ; — kalidi ganji hakim,
The sentence bi' smi'-llahi' r-rahmdni'r-
rahim, " in the name of the most merciful
God " ; — kalidi waqt u sd'at, The hands of
a time-piece.

gWli" kaliddn, A lock, stocks, or any-
thing similar by which a number of people
are confined by the feet ; — kiliddn, A lock,
bolt, bar,

a\±AZ Iciliddna, A lock, bolt, bar.

gei jJi kalid-pech, A manner of folding
a letter or note in the shape of a key.

j\ j jiJS' kalid-ddr, Who is entrusted with
the key of an office or work-shop.

y\j jtjl£ kalid-ddn, kilid-ddn, = ylAjii'
q.v.

kaliz, A bee.
O^)-^ kalizddn, A bee-hive.
lylS kaliza, kalizha, A cup for water,
an ewer.

( 1048 )

jVt fS kam-dwdz, Who speaks in a sub-
dued voice ; who speaks little.

a kam'ah, A white mushroom like
an egg ; a toadstool, puff, devil's snuff-box ;
a truffle.

4*Ui" kumdha, An amulet, anything worn
on the arm as a preservative from fascina-
tion.

a (jftUi' kama-hiya, As it is; true
state.

(jUJ kumdy, Name of a very malodorous
herb ; name of a champion of Iran.

u^Ui' kamdyieh, Affairs, business; the
management of affairs.

>*iyUi kumdyuk, Old clothes sewed to-
gether, on which bread is laid to be baked
in the oven.

jW*^ kambar, A rope made of the fibres
of the palm or cocoa-nut tree.

kam-ba&bt, An unlucky wight ; a

wretch.

cr*. f& kam-babMi, Adversity, misfor-
tune.

jt fS kam-bar, A division of the suit at
cards.

a J*» f£ kam-baghal, With few followers
or attendants.

a utJU) fS kam-baza'at (bizd'af), Poor,
possessed of little capital ; scantiness of
means.

uf'ty kam-budagi, Want of wisdom,
foolishness ; (better gum-budagi) per-
plexity, helplessness.

kam-bahd, Low-priced, worthless.
fS kam-besh, Less or more.
kam-pd, Of Bhort duration ; frail,
transient.

karri-pay, Shortness of duration ;
instability ; remissness, backwardness.

kam-pdya, Mean, of low degree.
7S$+^ kam-pir, A feeble old man, a dotard.
a iUS" kummat, kumma, A round cap.
f*ikatntar, Less, least ; smaller; meaner,
baser, viler, more contemptible ; lower, in-
ferior; — kamtar yd/tan, Not to find ; — man
faqiri kamtar, I, a poor, low man.

Ivfc^yu^ kamtar-dshnd, Little versed, un-
skilled.

j\*k ^x*£ kamtar~g]tubdr, The least dust.

ytjA*£ kamtarln, &+t.f+fJcamtarina,~Lea.at;
very small ; most vile, despicable, infa-
mous, defective, or insignificant ; the
rabble; — kamtarln banda, (Your) most
humble or obedient servant (m.c).

a (jg^y kam-tawajjuhi, Inattention,
inadvertence, carelessness.

a ii*- kam-jussa, Small-made (m.c.).

a sj V" f£ kam-jawdb, Who answers little
or nothing.

a cj s ^ ^kam-jur' at. Devoid of courage,
cowardly.

kamcha, (in Zand or Pazand) A

locust.

a. ^kamh (v.n.), Checking (a horse).

a ^if~ kam-harf, Of few words ; taci-
turn.

a p£ kam-harakat. Indolent, lazy.

a yJf*} (j*"/*- f£ kam-hurmati namUdan,
To disparage, to show little respect or re-
verence.

a 41-ja. fiSkam-hausala, Unaspiring, unam-
bitious; poor-spirited, not high- stomached;
lack of intelligence (m.c).

a ka-eAao. p£ kamhaisiyat, Of small means,
of low condition ; common ; mean, beg-
garly.

a kamkh (v.n.), Pulling the bridle
and checking (a horse) ; turning up the
nose, being supercilious, proud, haughty.

kamkhd, Damask silk of one colour ;
— kimkha, Damask silk of different colours.

s>Wr*£ kamkhdb, An embroidered gar-
ment of one colour ; — kimkhdb, An embroi-
dered cloth of divers colours.

jVj U^f kimkhd-bdf, A satin- weaver.

0 lVj Vat*^ kim&hd-bdft, Satin-weaving.

«-a&*^ kumakht, (in Zand and Pazand)
Mixed.

a Sj*- kam-kharch, Parsimonious ; — ■
kam-karchi bdld-nishm, Applied to any-
thing of good quality purchased cheaply ;
at small expense living in good style.

a uo-j*- kam-kharchi, Parsimony ; eco-
nomy; penury.

^jA- kam-khirad, Unwise, ignorant,
foolish.

0 0ji. fS kam-khiradi. Stupidity, foolish-
ness.

~-r>\ft- f>i kam-khwdb, One who sleeps
little ; brocade (see ^^a**^).

(jj^ji. f£ kam-khwdbl, Want of sleep,
sleeplessness, insomnia ; brocaded, embroi-
dered,

j\ys- kam-khyidr, A little eater.

^ kam-khwdragi, Abstemiousness,
jji. kam-khwiir, Abstemious, eating
little.

csitj^i f& kam-khwurdk, A little eater.
( _5_ ) jas*S' kam-khwuri. Abstemiousness.
a j*4- f£ kam-jchair. Good for little or
nothing.

a ■uSkamd (v.n.), Beating (a garment) ;
— kamd, kamad, Change of colour ; exces-
sive grief, inward pain or sorrow; — kamad
(v.n.), Being afflicted, vexed, anxious ; —
kamid, Sad, sorrowful ; one who conceals
his grief.

a «wU kam-zdt, Low-bred, of low caste.
a fS katn-zdtt, Low eitraction ; base-
ness.

a f$ kam-zihn, Forgetful ; without
mental power or abilities.

kamr (v.n.), Excelling anyone in
the size of the glans penis ; — kimr, A date
which has fallen to the ground and is very
80 ft; — kamar (pi. of kamarat), GlandeB
penum.

/*£ kamar (Z. kamara), The middle of

anything, the waist, loins ; a girdle, zone,
belt ; the middle of a mountain; the flank
of an army ; an arch, cupola, dome, arched
bridge ; rocks tumbled from a mountain,
especially when presenting an arched ap-
pearance ; height ; an apartment open in
front ; a fold, enclosure for cattle ; — kamar
az miydni lease gushadan, To depose one
from office; — hamari dftdb, A line passing
the sun's centre ; a mountain ; also the
hollows or caverns in it ; — kamar bdkhtan,
To be unable to bear a burden ; — kamar
bdz kardan, = kamar gushadan, q.v. below ;
— kamar bar kamar, Height above height ;
— kamar bar miyan badan (zadan). To gird
oneself, to put on a belt ; — kamar bastan,
To put round the waist ; to fasten the
belt, tie the girdle ; (met.) to prepare for
action, to engage heart aDd soul in busi-
ness ; to choose ; to be opposite, over
against (an enemy) ; — kamar baslani db,
The freezing of water; — kamar tang bas-
tan, To tighten the belt ; — kamari khanjar
(gJiam,shir) , Belt for a dagger (or sword.) ;
— kamar dar kamar, In closest companion-
ship ; — kamar duzdidan, To refuse ser-
vice, to disobey ; — kamari runtam, The
rainbow ; — kamari sang, The middle of a
rock or stone; — kamar slkh kardan, To
make the belt straight, (met.) to take a
little rest ; — kamari koh, The middle of a
mountain ; the world-illuminating sun ;
the fourth heaven ; Jesus Christ ; the hea-
venly temple, i.e. Mecca, being built in
imitation of the vault of heaven ; — kamar
kushddan {gushadan), To abandon, design,
give up, desist ; to wait ; to turn away the
eyes ; — kamar kasMdan, To draw the belt
tight in order to strive for the attainment
of a desired object, or of something still
more valuable (as : bar kuldhi Farldun, in
order to gain or eclipse the crown of Fari-
dun) — kamari wahdat, A belt worn by
dervishes ; — kamari haft chashma, A girdle
or belt adorned with seven gems ; — kamari
hilal-paikar, A waist like the new moon,
i.e. extremely slender.

\y*$ kamra, A tower or lofty archway ; a
high wall ; a sheepfold ; the string worn
by the followers of Zoroaster.

rtj+f kam-rah, (A horse) Blow-paced,
sluggish.

kamar-bait, Bravery (= y*£

q.v.).

4*_» j+Z kamar-baeta, Eeady, prepared; a
servant ; — kamar-baeta'i 'ubudiyat, Atten-
tive in serving.

kamar-band, A waistband, sash,
belt, girdle, zone ; alert, ready for battle,
prepared, armed ; a servant.

(_jSAj-f j+S kamar-bandagi, A girding of
the waist, a readiness for service.

^juj j*i kamar-bandi, Armament, prepa-
ration for battle : readiness for service.

( 1049 ) ^

^■i kamar-ddr, A servant, serving-

Jtjj j»S kamar-dutval, A leathern belt.
fc>; J .r*^ kamardun, The rainbow.
<^*^ j*£ kamar-chin, A garment loose
about the chest ; the bosom of a dress.

j*£ kamar-ra&Jit, An ornamented

bridle.

s-jj j+Z kamar-zeb, What serves as an
adornment of the belt or of the waist.

jU. y»S kamar-sdz, A horse-belt or girth;
a maker of girdles; a clasp, buckle.

a fS kam-rasm, Less usual ; in little
use.

\J*igl j*£ kamar-farosh, A seller of belts
and girdles.

H osij**" kamrak (S. karmaraka), Aver-
rhoa carambola.

yS^ j*£ kamar-kaeh, A hero, a brave
man.

jjflAS' j+£ kamar-kushd'i, Ungirding the
loins ; an exaction made by peons placed
in restraint over anyone for permission to
pull off his clothes and perform the ordi-
nary functions of life.

*>\S y*i kamar-gdh, The place where the
belt is put, the waist.

f4 kam-rang, Pale, faint-coloured.

,_5&) fS kam-rangi, Paleness, f aintness or
lack of colour.

6^ kamra, Dung.

jy fti kam-rav, kam-rau, Slow-paced
(horse) ; — kam-ru, Lacking beauty, plain,
ill-favoured ; ugly ; timid, cowardly, des-
picable.

^yS kamri, kamari, (A horse) weak in
the loins ; bent; giving way under burden.

\>.y*£ kamriya, (in Zand) Moonlight.

;\) f£ kam-zdr, What adorns the belt (as
a bow, sword, &c).

Cj^j fSkam-zabdn, Weak of tongue ; re-
served, taciturn.

(jily fS kam zabdni, Reserve in speech,
taciturnity.

kam-zadan, To diminish.

&jy+£ kam-zada, One who always throws
low at dice ; a hypocrite ; an infidel ; per-
verse, untoward, miserable ; — kam-zada'i
chand, Unbelievers, hypocrites.

<j) (4- kam-zan, A low thrower at dice ;
unfortunate ; one who does not entertain
too high notions of his own excellence ; a
prudent manager.

jjj fS kam-zor, Weak, powerless, feeble.

ySiii kam-zorl, Weakness, feebleness.

a JVy pi kam-ziydd, More or less (see
kam it ziydd under ,»S).

JU pS kam-sdl, Young, juvenile.

JU. kam-sdll, Tender age, youth ;
minority, nonage.

uf — ^ kamast, It is little ; a kind of stone
of little value ; a low, ignorant fellow ; a
kind of cup.

^>at- fS kam-sukhun, Taciturn, of few

( 1050 )

words ; unable to speak from emotion,
grief, &c. ; unhappy, unfortunate.

fS kam-sufra, One who keeps a poor

table.

<s!»*~+£ kamask, Milk and butter-milk
mixed together, called by the Arabs sMrax.

a e>-» (S kam-sinn. Of few i.e. tender years,
young.

a cr*** kam-tinnl, = f£ q.v.

a JV kamsuwdl, Who asks little or
nothing (opp. to vtys- ^q.v.).

a is*** kamsh (v.n,), Lopping (the extre-
mities ; being spent (provisions) ; swift,
quick, penetrating (man).

a fS kam-ehdn, Humble, unassuming.

B kam-shuda, Lost.

a fS kam-shar, Well-disposed, good-
natured.

a f& kam-sharh, Low wages ; (adv.) at
a low rate, on moderate terms.

kam-sharm, Shameless, immo-
dest.

a js>* f£ kam-shawq, Indifferent.

fiA fS ham-shir, Giving little milk.

al> (tJ kam-sald [initial words of the
mnemonic verse kam said au hatun la-hu
(scan la-hu) dar sa\ harfi rnanqut-ash-rd
(scan manqutshi-ra) ba-jdyash da'], A
method of transmuting words, so as to form
a cypher- writing and cant language, mostly
meaningless, sometimes mystical, and en-
tirely unintelligible to all who do not pos-
sess the key. It consists in the interchange
of the letters >*) with p (expressed by f>S kam,
and so on in the other instances, \j> with 3
(lam-alif), \ with c with l», J with i,
•i with j , and with £ , while all pointed
letters remain unaltered. The word utv«X< ,
written according to this rale, becomes
>&-Ca P , (union with the beloved) be-
comes »St (God).

a <jt*cii> p£ kam-td'at, Disobedient.

a ffi kam-tali', Ill-starred, unlucky,
unfortunate.

a kJjt fS kam-zarf, Shallow ; stupid, silly,
witless ; ignoble, vile ; according to others
unable to eat or drink much.

a f£ kam-zarf i, Shallowness ; wit-
lessness, silliness, stupidity ; baseness,
meanness.

a kam 1 (v.n.), Cutting off (the feet) ;
going into; plunging the head (into water) ;
goiDg slowly (a horse) ; — kim', A tunic,
garment ; brink (of a river) ; a bedfellow ;
a house, mansion, home ; — kama', The joint
of the thigh ; — kaini', Weak ; at every-
body's beck and call.

a JJus f£ kam-'adad, Deficient in number,
small in quantity.

a f>£ kam-'arz, Narrow.

a, Jsc f& kam-'aql, Of feeble understand-
ing or intellect ; ignorant, fatuous, foolish.

a < Jte fS kam-'aqll, Want of intellect,
stupidity, fatuity.

kam-'wmr, Short-lived ; = JV~ ,*

q.v.

a t& kam-'umri, Shortness of life,

= r q- v -

a kam-'iydr, Below standard, al-

loyed.

a o*V kam-Jirajf&i, Want of leisure
or ease.

a 0^7* kam-fursati, Want of oppor-
tunity.

ij>)ji f£ kam-faroth, A seller of short
weight.

«/>^^ kam-fahm, Stupid, <fcc. (= Jfc <f

q.v.).

« <^*«* f£ kam-fahml, = q.v.

a jjJ f& kam-qadr, Worthless.

a kam-qadri, Worthlessness ; de-

cline, deterioration, degradation.

a kam-qadam, Slow-paced.

a vsuji ^ kwm-quvoai, Feeble, powerless.

a fS kam-quwati, Weakness, power-
lessness, inability.

a f£ kam-qimai, Low-priced.

kumak, A corps of auxiliaries.
j£ f£ kam-kdr, Inexperienced in busi-
ness.

t—\£ ^ kam-kdsa, pi. t)^-tf f£ kcm-kd-
sagdn, Niggardly, sordid ; mean-spirited.

(jft&VS' fS kam-kdshti, Shameful ; disgrace.

a fk£~*X kamkdm, Compressed, squat ;
tears or gum of a tree found in the hilly
parts of Yaman.

f£+£ kam-kam, Little by little ; — hum-
kum, A tankard ; a quicksand ; saffron j — ■
also kumkumi dftab, The noise made in
counting out gold ; — also kumkumi niqdb,
The noise made in digging a well or mine.

(_5&»^ kumaki, Auxiliary.

jUtf pi kam-guftdr, Of few words, taci-
turn.

j£ kam-go goy), Taciturn, speak-
ing little.

is-Ajf f£ kam-gosht, Lean.

J J f£ kam-go'i, Eeserve, taciturnity.

a **i kamaLan, Altogether, wholly, en-
tirely; — kumald' (pi. of kdmll), The per-
fect.

kamalkdn, A streamlet ; a water-
drop.

a kumhil, A kind of wild pot-herb j
a desert.

<*i*^ kamla, A kind of blanketing ; —
kumla, Foolish, ignorant, stupid.

uUi" kamli, A very coarse woollen dress
worn by the poor.

^jljU f£ kam-mdyagh Smallness of capi-
tal.

*jU kam-mdya, Ill-provided or stocked.
a fS kam-mihnati, Indolence.

a kimamat (pi. of kumm), Sleeves.
fXui kam-ndm, Unknown ; anonymous j
of little repute.

<_s»l> f£ kam-ndmi, Obscure reputation.
**pi*> kamanja, A sort of violin.

( 1051 )

Ai*S" kamand, A halter, noose, Bnare,
lasso ; slip-knot ; a scaling-ladder ; a lock
of hair ; — Teamand anddkhtan. To throw a
noose, to catch any fugitive man or animal ;
— Teamand halqa kardan, (met.) To prepare
for the hunt or battle ; — Teamand kardan,
To scale a wall ;- — kamand-am bi-yandakht.
He caught me in his lasso ; — dar Teamand
kardan, To catch in a noose or toil. (The
word is moreover construed with the verbs
bar-chldan, para Teardan,pechidan, gusaetan,
gushudan, Ac),

kamand-afgan, kamand-
anddz, Who throws the lasso, <fcc.

<J i£l\ iuS' kam&nd-afgani, ka-
mand-anddzi, The art of throwing the lasso.
« Ttam-nasib, Unfortunate, luck-

a ^jtf* fS kam-nasiM, Misfortune, ill-
luck.

ape f£ ham-namr, Dim or weak-sighted.

**» f£ kam-nigdh, Dim-sighted ; inatten-
tive, neglectful.

,_jA^& p$ kam-nigahi, Inattention, neg-
lect, disregard, coldness.

a f£ Team-nur, Dim-sighted, nearly-
blind (m.c).

fS kam-nait (probably for P. Teaman
"bow" + S. neta "owner"), An archer.
^ Team-naiU, Archery.

)) (S Team-waz, Gently blowing (a breeze).

a. kamun, A camel which does not
whisk her tail when covered or in foal ; —
Tewmun (v.n. of y*0, Lurking, lying hid or
in ambush ; an ambuscade ; — kammun,
Cummin-seed; — kammuni armanl, Cara-
ways ; — kammuni habashl, A sort of cori-
ander ; — Teammuni kalw, Aniseed.

tyj*^ leumun-Tia, The men of the Com-
mune, the Communists (m.c).

A ^Jp*£ Teammuni, A medicine in which
cummin-seed is mixed ; dressed with
cummin.

4*5" Teama, A scolopendra; according to
others a fillet, hat, mitre.

a Teumh, Name of a fish ; — kamah
(v.n.), Being blind from birth ; suffering
from dimness of sight; being dark (day);
being ignorant of; losing one's reason.
kamuhrl, A kind of grape.

a f£ Team-himmat, Unambitious ;

mean-spirited.

a u^**> fS Teairi'himmait, Want of ambi-
tion or spirit ; meanness.

ij+Z Teaml, Smallness, deficiency, paucity,
loss ; abatement ; lurking-place, ambush ;
a horoscope ; — Jcami Teardan, To be scanty
or deficient.

a lmS *^ Teami, Armed, a mailed warrior ;
bold, brave ; — kammi, How much ?

vW*^ kam-ydb, Rare, difficult to be found.

,_siW+£ kam-ydVi, Rarity, scarcity.

tmS *f kami-beshl, An abstract account
of the increase and decrease of the rental

of each individual in a village (a revenue-
term in India).

a Teammiyat, Quantity ; form ; num-
ber ; value.

a kumait, A bay horse with a black
tail and mane ; wine of a deep red colour ;
— kumaiti ahamm, Dark chesnut or bay ; —
kumaiti mudammd, Bright chesnut; name
of a poet ; — kumaiti niehtit, Bed wine.

<^#*^ Teamecha, A small bow; a harp,
lute ; a fire- fly.

ut-afw*^ kumlkjit, (in Zand) Mixed to-
gether.

a Aa+S kamid, Sad, sorrowful, one who
conceals his grief.

kamldan, To grow less, be dimi-
nished ; to rise in the scale ; to suck.

kumiss, kimitt, Urine ; dung, ordure ; —
kumiz ba-sMiab, Diabetes ; — kumiz Teardan
(anddkhtan), To urine, stale ; — kumizi mun-
jamid, Gravel or stone in the bladder.

<1 ^0)< S *S' kumizdan, The bladder; a cham-
ber-pot.

tsSjJjf kumlz-giriftagl, Strangury.
aaijSj**^ kumiz-girij-fa, Strangurious.
Qiiytrtf kumizidan, To make water, urine,
stale.

sji-kS" kamlzha, A bay-horse with a black
tail; a herb growing between trefoil.
(Doubtful.)

^•Jt^kamln, Deficient, defective; meaner,
baser ; a menial servant, a menial ; the
little finger.

a (£e*skamin, An ambush, lurking-place
where anyone can make observation with-
out being seen ; liers in wait ; an entering
into an affair which one does not under-
stand ; — ba-kamlni ma, In order to spy upon
us (m.c); — kamln sakhtan. To lie in wait, to
form an ambuscade. (Moreover construed
with the verbs dwardan, burdan, zadan,
kardan, giriftan, guihddan, <fcc.)

$ i^tftS kamin-dwar, jta y**^ kamin-dar,
One who prepares an ambush, who lies in
wait.

aciU kamin-zat. The lower orders.

j\ — i&d kamin-sdz, A lier in wait.

^L. kamin-sdzi, A laying of snares.

sl <i .i i ». < kamin-gdh, An ambush.

0 &i ». < katninagl, Lowness, meanness,
baseness; low birth.

£ kamin-gar (^ war), A lier in wait.

s^I+X kamina, Defective ; base, abject, in
a mean condition ; humble, servile.

^ kan, A tree ; a place full of trees ; a
fish-spear, trident ; name of a village near
Teheran ; (from kandan in comp.) one who
digB, tears out, eradicates, Ac, as \_par-
kan, Who pulls out feathers ; — khdrd-kan,
Breaking stones ; — qal'a-kan, DemoliBher of
castles ; — koh-kan, An underminer of moun-
tains ; — farhddi koh-kan n sang-afkan, Par-
had, the underminer of mountains, and the
piercer of stones; — 'aduyi behk-kan, An

( 1052 )

enemy who extirpates by the Toots, and
gives a total overthrow ;] — kin, Close stitch-
ing; — kun (for kun), The pod ex ; (impera-
tive of kardan in cornp.) a maker or doer,
who makes or does ; as dar-miydn-kun,
Producing in the middle

A t^S" kun (imp. of &£), Be, let there be ;
as \_kun fa-kdna (yakunu), (God said, or
says) Be, and it was, or is ; — ktifi kun, The
k, or initial letter of the word kun ; (hence
met.) the beginning of creation ; — mdliki
kun fa-kdna, The Lord Creator (see also
iJtf) ;] — kann (v.n. of Covering, pre-
serving, protecting ; shading from the sun ;
concealing, keeping secret ; — kinn, A veil
or any similar covering ; a shade, umbrella ;
an asylum, shelter, place of refuge.

kana, kuna, Ground ; a field prepared
with a raised border for sowing ; — kind, (in
Zand and Pazand) A fish ; — kuna, Doing,
making.

A kinab, A branch or cluster of

dates.

•vU* kandbad, Name of the place where
the twelve champions of Iran and Turan
fought.

6^ kandj, Consultation, deliberation
(doubtful).

kandd, A turtle-dove; — kwndd, (God)

grant !

kannaddr, A kind of shoe or

Blipper.

jUS - kandr, kinar, A side, brink, coast,
shore, extremity, limit, boundary, edge;
separation, disunion ; hem (of a garment) ;
margin (of a book) ; the stalk whence
bunches of grapes or dates hang ; banana
or plain tain-fruit; [kanari ab raftan, (met.)
To satisfy a natural want ; — kandr dma-
dan. To retire, to stand aside, to keep
aloof; — kanari bahr, The sea-shore ; — kandr
jastan (giriftan), To fly, retire ; — kandr kar~
dan az, To separate from, to shun ; — kandr
kashidan, To draw one aside, to take apart ;
— az (dar) kandr, Aside, apart ; not to men-
tion ;] — kinar, The lap; the bosom; an
embrace ; dalliance ; [kinar kardan, To
embrace ; to approximate, draw to one; —
dar kinar dwardan (kardan, kashidan, gu-
zashtan, giriftan), To embrace, take hold
of, obtain; — kindr u bos, Kissing and em-
bracing;] — kundr, kunndr, The lote-fruit.

j*£ jUX kanar'gtr, A circle, hoop, ring.

kand'Tang, kund-rang, Governor
of a province ; a grandee ; a lord-marcher,
margrave, landgrave ; a petty dynasty ;
weeping in secret ; whispering, speaking
privately ; a tax-gatherer, revenue-col-
lector ; a night-watch ; name of a demon.
<i&jU£ kundrang-dil, Noble or stout of

heart.

kandra, A side, shore, coast, verge ;
a hem, border ; a hook, especially that
whereon a butcher hangs his meat, sham-

bles ; — kandra kardan (guxidan, giriftan),
To retire, withdraw ; — rtieh kandra karda,
With averted face (m.c).

ij\iS kandra-ddr, Having a border,
bordered.

(jfe^ SjUS' kandra-kash, Who draws aside,
holds aloof, withdraws.

<^££ fjUS" kandra-kashi, Drawing aside ;
holding aloof ; withdrawal,

kandra-gard, Who keeps on the
edge, does not enter the middle ; an out-
sider.

fc>V* kandra-glrdn, Coasters j with-
drawers from a crowd, from business, from
the world.

h kindri, (Gold or silver) lace.
kindri-bdf, A lace-maker.

^r')^ tsj^ kindrl-farosh, A laceman.

(ifi;^ kandrin, An extremity j extreme.

jw kandz, The stalk whence bunches of
grapes or dates hang.

a ^ kandz, kindz (v.n. of yl), Laying up
dates in store ; dates heaped up to be
packed for preservation ; — kindz, A girl
firm of flesh.

a kinds (v.u. of <_r-^), Fleeing to its
covert, hiding amongst the bushes (a deer) ;
the lair or hiding-place of a deer ; — kannds,
A sweeper.

a kundsat, Sweepings, rubbish,

dust.

a <j-^ kanndsi, The office of a sweeper.

£W kunagh, Silk, a thread of silk ; a
silkworm's cocoon ; a spider's web ; a side,
border, margin.

a kundfa, A kind of sweetmeat (=
risMa'i qatd'if q.v. under **^j).

>s)W kandk, Belly-ache, gripes.

(•US' kundm, kunndm, A house, dwelling;
the den or retreat of a wild beast ; a bed,
resting-place ; a bird's nest ; pasture.

yUi" kundn (part. pres. of kardan),
Making, doing ; — tafarruj -kundn, Taking
recreation, walking; — jilwa-kundn. Shining,
resplendent; — jang-kundn, Making war,
fighting ; — $air-kundn, Travelling, going,
walking ;— ghdrat-kundn, Making depreda-
tions ; — ndla-kundn, Groaning,

a Mndnat, A quiver of leather with-
out any wood, or vice versa; name of a
tribe.

&»U* kanana, Old, not new ; worn out.
O-V^ kundnidan, To cause to do or
make.

a kindyat, kindya (v.n. of <jA^), Call-
ing (anything) by a significant name ; a
metaphor, metonymy ; a nickname, a pa-
tronymic; — kindya zadan, To speak in
metaphors, or allusions ; to allude to.

a t_r*»^ kand'is (pi. of kanisat), Churches.

A kamb (v.n.), Collecting (in a bag) ;
— kanab, Callousness of the hands and feet
from labour ; — kanib, in P. kanab, Hemp ;
the inebriating hemp-seed ; a hempen rope.

( 1056 )

A youth of a clumsy, ill-shaped hody ; a
vulgar, impudent, talkative fellow ;—hiing,
A man of a gross, stout habit ; a beardless
and impudent youth ; name of a certain
sea-port ; the end of the stalk of a bunch
of dates next the tree.

sj^aS' kangdb. Syrup, jalap, ptisan.

glSLsS" kangdj, kingdj, Counsel, consulta-
tion, deliberation ; — kingdj, A crab.

j\£sf hangar, kungdr, A snake which has
recently cast his slough.

y^lSji Icingde, kangds, Counsel ; a crab.

j»\S^ kangdsh, kingdsh, Counsel, delibe-
ration, consultation, conference, esp. of
conspirators ; [king&sk khwaslan, To ask
counsel ; — kingdsh raftan {kardan, namu-
dan), To consult, deliberate ;] — kingdsh, A
crab.

ii\S^ kangdla, A dangling after women ;
a matrimonial suit ; a courtesan ; a miser ;
name of a mountain in Khurasan.

Icangar, A kind of artichoke ; ob-
stinacy, contentiousness; {hangar kandan,
To toil in vain ;] — kingir, Name of a musi-
cal instrument used in India ; — kungur^ A
large owl ; a beam projecting from a wall ;
a player on the kettle-drum; a young
branch; shameless; a kind of beggar (see
p. 721) ; a battlement, pinnacle j —
hunguri kibriya, Pinnacle of greatness.

ylj&i" Icangaran, An owl ; rye.

hangar-ahad, <*j kangar-xid,
Artichoke-gum.

tj£^ kingira, A musical instrument having
only two wires ; — kungura, A niched battle-
ment, notched parapet, pinnacle, turret ; an
acroterium ; plumes upon helmets, orna-
ments upon crowns.

jta kungura-dar, Embattled, crested.
kangari, Artichoke-gum ; — kingiri,
kingri. Name of a musical instrument made
of two gourds, used in Hindustan ; a kind
of lute (see j&S kingir and kingira).

& ~-> l :. f kanlisa, = q.v. (probably

misreading).

kun ina-huii, Do and do not ;
irresolute, hesitating in giving orders ; a
sovereign, a commander ; commands and
prohibitions.

Aui' kanand, A hoe, spade, or instrument
for turning up ground which cannot be
ploughed.

ix^ti kananda, A digger, one who tears
anything up; — kunanaa, A maker; a fac-
tor, agent, doer ; — murafa'a kunanda, Who
directs the proceedings of a court, a judge
(m.c).

j& kanau, kanti, Hemp.

a y& kanw (v.n.), Speaking metaphori-
cally ; designating by a patronymic.

a Sy^ kinwat, kunwat, A patronymic.

A jjjS" kanud, Ungrateful, unthankful,
rebellious against God or man ; avaricious ;

— humid (v.n. of Being ungrateful ;

ingratitude.

0\<>ff kanauddn, kanuddn, &i\<ifs£ kanau-
ddna, kaniiddna, Hemp-seed (eaten roasted
to procure an appetite or get fat).

^ kanUr, A basket or wooden vessel for
holding bread or corn ; a large jar of un-
baked clay, in which grain is preserved
from fire ; — kanUr, kinur, Fraud, deceit ; —
kunur, kanfir, Thunder; — kwwur, hunwar,
A doer, worker, agent (= t&vS kunanda,
q.v.).

tjfl kanura, Ttinura, A cheat, deceiver,
trifler.

ijj^ijy^ hanuridan, kinuridan, To cheat,
deceive.

A.)f£ kunUsi (pi. of kanz), Treasures.

*yf£ IcanUza, kwaza, kinuza, Dressed
cotton-wool.

*J*t& kanush, A fir-tree ; a cypress. (Doubt-
ful word.)

a ZfiZkunu' (v.n. of Q^), Drawing oneself
together ; contracting or clapping close the
wings when flying downward (an eagle) ;
approaching ; being near setting (a star) ;
being submissive, gentle, humble ; adhering
to the garments (perfume) ; swearing by
God j desiring, being greedy or covetous.

Q<f£ kanun, A large jar of unbaked clay
to preserve corn ; — kunun (for dknuri), Now ;
God willing ; — Jchwud-kunnn, This veiy
moment (= yy^ ^* q- T -)-

&>f£ kununa, State, condition (present or
expected) ; — kununa firo mdnd, Matters
fell short of my expectations, I was dis-
appointed ,• — chi kununa ddri, How do you
doP

ij£ kunh, Substance ; sum, extreme,
height, depth (of anything) ; quantity,
species, mode ; time ; face, aspect.

ijS kanah, A tick ; — kiwna, Mastic ; —
kunna, Shade ; shady.

a kurihd, tjW-^ kanhdn, kunhdn, A
plant like the juniper.

iy» kan-hatsa, A yawning-fit before a
fever.

&ii &i£ kina-kina, Quinine (see & jX*S).

a kanahwar, Clouds like mountain?;
a large mass.

a kanahwarat, A large old she-

camel.

4j£ hana-hd (pi. of fecwia), Ticks.
a JyS" kund (pi. of kunyat), Metonymies ;
kaniy, kanl, One who has a patronymic
similar to that of another person ; cogno-
minal.

Ui£ kanyd, (in Zand and Pazand) Hollow
within.

s-^ hunt b, A fetter, band (unsupported ;
see also ca-«^).

a kinyat, kunyat (v.n. of lmS ^), Call-
ing or naming (anyone) by a word which
has another meaning, dubbing, especially
by the designation of father (abu) or son

( 1057 )

(ibn, vulg. bin), &c. of such a one, a
Monymic, a patronymic.

kunet (for kvned), Do you; — famii,
A band, fetter (unsupported ; see also

ye^ kanir, A glutton ; a lazy fellow.

ya^ kaniz (S. kanyd, kanyakd), A female
slave, maid-servant ; a maid, virgin, girl ;
[kanizi saza, A retributive particle ; — -kanizi
wd-zada, A conditional particle;] — kaniz,
kuniz, The stalk where bunches of grapes
or dates hang.

•^y^ kanizak, A girl ; — kanizaki Jirashl,
A kept mistress.

Mj uri^of kanizak-zdda, Son of a slave-girl
or bond-woman.

J?)*** kanizagi, The condition or duty of
a female servant or girl.

ijj*^ kanizi, Maidenhood, girlhood ;
state of maid-servant or slave-girl ; servi-
tude.

a kanisd, A church, synagogue,

temple.

A i — tj£ kanisat, kanisa, A Christian
church ; a Jewish synagogue ; a temple ;
(met., if not with A. termination for P.
kaniz) a beautiful woman.

lA*^ kunieh, An action, good or bad.

a t-ti^ kanif, A privy, necessary ; a
sewer ; a place for washing the face and
hands, a lavatory ; a shield ; an enclosure
for cattle made of branches, &e. ; — kunaif
(dim. of kinf), A small scrip or wallet; a
nickname given by 'ITmar to Ibn Ma'sud.

£ kav, Clever, ingenious ; power ; stature;
— ko (for ki o), That he ; who, which,
what; — ku, "Where? where is he gone? a
broad street, square, market-place ; a nar-
row street, an alley.

yS tg^V kwddri-ldtar.The four Venetian
fortresses ceded in 1866 by Austria to
Italy (ra.c. from Fr. Quadrilatere).

s^j£ kiwdda, The wooden Bill of a door ;
the piece of wood in which the lower pivot
turns.

a Icawdzib (pi. of kagib), False ;

liars.

$f kawdr, A leek ; a thick mist which
appears in summer nights ; — kawdr, kuwdr,
A basket for carrying about fruit on the
back ; — kuwar, Name of a town near
Sblruz.

tyjS kawdr a, kuward, The wooden sill of
a door.

a kawaris (pi. of kdris), Distressed,
afflicted ; (pi. of kdrisat) troublesome af-
fairs, molestations.

OjoV kuwdr&n, Disease of skin, prickly
heat.

kawdra, A basket or pannier for
carrying fruit about upon the back ; a
thick mist which appears during the night
in the summer months ; a bee-hive ; —
kww&ra, An earthen vessel.

dfio ifijS kawdra- dan, A shepherd, herds-
man.

jV kawdz, A kind of bottle carried by
travellers ; a stick for driving cattle.

kawdza, A close-mouthed traveller's
bottle; — kiwdza, An ox-goad ;— fcwwdsa;, A
poached egg.

f>!? kawdsth, Reproach, reprehension,
taunt.

kawdzha, Jesting, bantering, jeering,
ridiculing; a jester; bread half-baked; a
poached egg.

kuvide, Quality, property} way,

manner.

a s— ■ Ajf kawdsib, Wild beasts ; extremi-
ties of the body, hands, feet.

a kawdsir (pi. of kdsirat), Breakers ;
eagles ; camels which break the branches.

a*-.^ kuwdeama, Easy, not difficult.

kuwdsa, Quality, property, way,

manner.

kuwdeima, Easy; easiness, facility.
jAyikuwdsfi, Mode ; quality, property.
kuwdshama, Easy, not difficult.
kuwdefia. Quality, way, manner.
j^ji kawdshir, Name of a place whence
are brought turquoise-stones of a light
colour and little value (see p^jf)-

kuwdsMma, Easy ; easiness, faci-
lity.

a s-js^ kaw&'ib (pi. of kd'ib), Swelling-
breasted girls.

A. ±it\j£ kawdjf&ii (pi. of P. kdghiz),
Papers ; documents.

a kawdfir, Wine- jars ; (pi. of kdfirat)
intidel or unbelieving women ; (pi. of kdfur)
flowers of the palm-tree.

a s-£\jS kawdkib (pi. of kaukab), Stars,
constellations ; standards (corresponding
to the Persian f±\ q.v.) ; [z& kawdkib,
Sorrowful, mournful (day) ; — rangi hawd-
ra ba-kawdkib siturdan, To remove the
colour (i.e. darkness) of the air by the
stars, to illumine the sly ;] — kuwdkib,
Name of a mountain whence mill-stonea
are cut.

a s^SLat s-S^ kawdkib- shukuh, Magnifi-
cence of the stars ; of star-like magnificence.

a (j-U* <-r£\£ kawdkib-shinds, An astro-
nomer ; an astrologer.

kawdl, kuwdl, Gain, growth, increase.

d^i*5^ kuwdlgitWncha, Eed paint for the
face.

U>i\^ kawdlif, A kind of white thorn or
thistle of which camels are fond.

qa£\)£ kawdlidan, kuwdlidan, To gain,
acquire, heap up ; to grow, increase, abound j
to flourish, ripen.

i^\jS kawdlida, kutvdlida, Gained, ac-
quired ; grown, increased.

A e>*rty> kawdnin (pi. of kdnun), Chafing-
dishes.

ku'um, The bog-rush.
f*\f ku'im, Name of a herb.

( 1058 )

•J*

A ^>jS kaub (v,n.), Drinking water out of
a vessel without handle or spout j — Mb, A
cup, or any vessel without spout or handle,
an ewer ; — kawab, Largeness of head with
slenderness of neck.

w--f hob (in coinp. from ko/tan or kobi-
dan), Beating, striking, smiting; or who
heats or strikes ; a stroke, bang, whack,
knock, blow, thump ; a touch ; an elephant-
goad ; a mat made of very coarse Teeds.

CjWj^ kobdn (part, of koftan), Beating,
&c.

fcj^W)^ kobdnidan, To cause to beat,
bruise, bang, whack, or thump.

A kaubat, A sigh for anything lost or
irretrievable ; — kvhat, The game of chess ;
also of nard j tables ; a small drum ; a kind
of lute. (See &tjZ below.)

kubiji, kubakhl, A great, dis-

tinguished man.

kob-kdri, Chastisement.
ku-ba-ku, Prom street to street,
from place to place.

Jt/ kubal, Camomile.

ktibala, kaubala, The hair on the top
of the head.

y>j£ koban, A sledge-hammer.

iiji koba, An instrument with which any-
thing is brayed ; a mallet, beetle ; a clod-
breaker; a whip, scourge ; a drum formed
of two kettles, joined on their convex sides,
and covered with a skin, played upon like
a bag-pipe ; a wave of the sea ; a vessel in
which butter is separated from the milk ;
name of an edible plant.

iijS koba-kdri, A thumping.

ty-jf kobyaza, A sledge-hammer, ham-
mer.

kobidan, To beat, strike, bruise,
pound ; — pay kobidan, To dance ; to strike
the feet.

kobhi, A hammer, mallet ; a bleacher' 8
beetle ; a strainer of reeds used by those
who sell oil ; a sack made of reeds, in
which seeds are put to be squeezed for the
oil ; the press of an oil-mill.

^£ kup, A hill or mountain ; a large
water-jar ; a mat.

jfejf kupdr, kupdra, A herd.

ifejS kupdzha, A ram leading the flock ;
a leader.

JUj£ kupdl, A ponderous club, a mace ; a
thick neck ; name of a wrestler ; a breediDg-
stud.

Jjj£ kiipal, A young shoot, sprout, or
bud.

iXijS fcitpala, kaapala, The bud or young
shoot of a tree ; a cupola, an arch decorated
with festoonB of flowers ; a lock for a
chest ; bubbles on wine or water ; the hair
on the top of the bead.

kwpa, A surgeon's cupping-glass.
a t>)i katiwat, kuwat, A window,
ut>y kaut, kot, The buttocks; — kot (for

hi o turd) , Who to thee ; — kfd, Name of a
general who escorted the daughter of the
Qaisar to Khusrau Parwez ; paralytic; a
hill (the last two meanings unsupported
by examples).

a c^jS Mt (for qui), Manure (m.c.)
kut dddan zamin-rd, To manure the ground.
kot, A fort.

jG^ kotdr, A covered market-house.

fcuta!d», A spindle; shambles;
governors of forts (probably for kotwaldn).

t kutdlchi, A groom.

kotdk, Short, Bmall, little ; mean ; a
dwarf; — kotdk shudan, To be shortened; —
kotdh kardan, To abridge ; to finish (a
journey) ; to cut short (a speech) ; to omit
to do (m.c.).

yio-xM s\Sj£ kotdh-andesh, Short-sighted;
imprudent; indiscreet.

sUy kotdh-andethl, Short-sighted-
ness ; improvidence ; indiscretion.

m\je\j^ kotdhdna. Like a dwarf, dwarfishly.

3^ s\jJ kotdh-bdld, Short of stature.

sty kotdh-bin, Short or dim-sighted.

^y^} kotah-blnl, Short-sightedness,
myopy.

U kotdh-pd, »U^S kotdh-pdy,
kotdh-pdcha, Name of a quadruped
with a spotted back and horns like a deer;
a hare ; (ironically) a very short man.

a ■-if- kotdh-harf. Of few words, who
talks little.

,o kotdh-dast, Short - handed ;

slow, backward ; weak ; honest.

^y-j i\SjZ kotdh - dasti, Moderation ;
honesty.

joj i\s£ kotdh-dld (sjoo dida), = t$t* ll >/
q.v.

ui&iij suy kotdh-zindagani, Short-lived.

a Si tteji kotdh-qad, Short of stature.

^ j <r &\s£ kotdh-gardan. Short-necked.

afi kotfth-nazar, Short-sighted-, care-
less, negligent, improvident ; stingy, ava-
ricious.

a u~Ai s^jS" kotdh-nafas, Asthmatic.

(jAUjS' kotdhi, Shortness, brevity ; little-
ness, deficiency ; — kotdhi kardan, To desist
from or refuse a work.

j^j kot dor, Cote d'Or (m.c. from Fr.).
kautar, kiitar (for kabutar), A pigeon.

t u£\>y kutak, A club, a' pestle ; a short
stick with which bhang is ground; blow
with a stick ; — kutak khwurdan, To receive
blows with a stick, to be beaten ; — kutak
zadan, To beat with a stick, to cudgel
(m.c).

jy ktltal, A led horse.

kfdaldn, = t)i^/ q.v.
kotang, A washer's beetle.

h Jtyy kotwal, The porter of a castle; a
magistrate.

JVj* kotwdll, The office of a kotwdl.

Ajyy kictida, A dwarf ; — zani kfdfda, A
female dwarf.

( 1059 )

®<f Tcolah (for kotdh), Short, contracted
(for compounds see also after s^).

O-a-^—T kotah-dstin, Short-sleeved ;

poor, destitute ; honest.

J*^ kotah-amal, Moderate in one's
hopes.

tsf kotah-andesh, Short-sighted,
imprudent, rash, improvident, wanting
foresight.

&4 koiah-bdl, Of short stature.

H iJji kotah-pd, iSf kotah-pdcha, An
animal resembling a deer ; a hare. .

^ iSj£ koiah-sum, Short of hoof (horse).

a a> 6sf kolah-qad, Of a short stature.

qj>£ nsf kotah-gardan, Short-necked ;
wicked, deceitful.

<jj>f kotaM, Shortness, &c. (= <l v )-

U-y kotlnd, (in Zand and Pazand) A
mule.

a f£ kausar, A river in Paradise whence
all the other rivers derive their source.

tf kawaj, A quilted jacket worn in
battle; gum exuding from a tree; — ktij,
Squint-eyed.

$f koch, A robber, footpad, assaBsin ; a
wandering tribe; migration, decamping;
marching, setting off ; squint-eyed ; a king-
dom ; a man's family, wife, children (also
khdna-koch) ; an owl ; assistance, service ;
name of a country lying between Bengal
and Khuta ; — koch dadan, To serve ; — koch
kardan, To decamp, move to another
place ; to set off on a march ; to run away ;
to Bet; — koch-u-buloch, A wandering tribe
settled on the mountains bordering on
Kantian.

JVj^ kuchdl, Household furniture and
utensils (see J^l£).

yXjiWji kochdnidan, To cause to march
on.

sfi koch ba-koch, Travelling one
after another ; a highwayman's horse.

<*W)£ Mchak, Small, little; a musical
mode or style ; diminutive ; younger,
junior; a youngster, a child; — tichi'i huchak,
A little ambassador, i.e. internuncio, envoy,
resident (m.c.) ; — mni Mchak, A young
wife (m.c).

a kuchak-abddl, A qalandar

monk.

v&$f kuchak-bdld, Small in stature.

f&tf icHchakiar, Less, smaller.

Jj usWj* kuehak-dil, Gentle,kind-natured ;
afflicted, grieved, sorrowful ; — kuchak-dili,
Good nature ; grief, sorrow.

ajSi <^*$f kiichak-faqr, = q..v.

u&*f kuchakl, Smallness ; purple.

kuehakin, (^j^^f kuchaktarin,
Smallest, least.

s^jS koch-gdh, Place or time of march-
ing ; march ; camp ; (met.) the world ;
name of a place.

I»U* $f koch-maqdtn, March and halt, or

arches and halts.

i^f kucha (dim. of kit,), A narrow street j
a lane, slum, row, passage ; a street, square,
market-place; a thread; migration; (forgw-
cha) a button ; — kucha' i bazar, A street lead-
ing to the market ; the market-quarter; — ku-
cha'i bagi,, The street leading to the gar-
dens ; the quarter of the gardens ; — kucha! i
bdstdn {khatar). The world ; — kucha' i khamc ■
shdn, (met.) A cemetery ; — kucha dadan, To
pass a street or road ; — kucha'i riwoll, Rue
de Eivoli in Paris (ra.c.) ; — kucha'i sar-basta,
A blind alley, cul-de-sac; — kucha'i gala-
mat, A subterranean passage for assailing
a fortress, a trench or line of approach,
a mine ; — kucha'i shakar, Name of a very
narrow lane in Ispahan ; — kucha fitddan,
To be a stranger, far from country and
friends ; — kucha'i fftldd, kucha'i mitkindn
(musktndn) , kucha'i gulbar, Names of
streets in Ispahan ; — kucha'i nau, Name
of a quarter in Ispahan where the Lulis
reside (see J^).

ts*^ s tf kucha-bandt, Marking off the
boundaries of a lane.

\j£ s^f kucha-gadd, A street-beggar.
&**f kucha-gard, A vagrant ; street-
walker, perambulator of the streets, a
stroller.

^jjfi^jS" kucha-gardi, Vagrancy; street-
walking, perambulation of the streets.

if A small hut of reeds ; a house
without a window; a species of grass of
which mats are made ; the matter which
hardens in the corner of the eye ; a worm.

a if kukh, A small hut or house of reeds
without a window.

<d4.fkukh.ak, kawakhk, A hunch of grapes;
a branch after the grapes have been pulled
off.

a *f kaud (v.n.), Being just on the point ;
being everything but ; hardly being able (to
accomplish); preventing, hindering; — u>a-
la kaud-an, In no shape, by no means.

•if hod, A stack or heap of corn ; col-
lected, the reverse of scattered; manure; — -
kawud (contracted from Jj-^q.v.), Blue.

•^•if koddb, Food dressed with grape-
juice.

j\->f koddl, A ditch ; a well ; a hoe.

^■if kudbdn, kudabdn, A kind of camel's
saddle ; the timber of a camel's saddle.

^f kudar, The skirt of a mountain ; thin
leather for lining boots and shoes.

i^f kaudara, A water-fowl ; a cormorant;
a sort of duck,

<d*f kudak, A boy, lad, youth, child,
infant ; a stripling ; a slave-boy ; — kudaki
pistdn-gazida, A sucking child, a suckling,
a babe in arms (m.c.) ; — kudaki ghdii, A
boy who walks in front of a rope-dancer's
company and performs first.

mM^f kudakdna, Childish, childishly.

i jS tf kod-kash, A street-sweeper.

ii^f kudaka, A little infant.

( 1060 )

child-

^•if kvdaki, Puerile, infantine;
hood ; childishness, puerility.

fs<£ hodgar, A digger, an excavator (see
jSjjS" of which it is probably a corruption).

a Jcaudan, faidan, Weak in mind,
dull, stupid, thick-headed ; an old beast of
burden ; a bustard ; — Rhari faidan, A Btupid
donkey,

^J^haudanl, Stupidity ; a mean or sorry
horse ; a pack-horse.

«jy Mida, The bow of a saddle ; a key
with the head or extremity bent; teeth or
work of a key ; — huda'i pistan, The nipples
of animals.

kudiyan, hudln, iuoj^ kiidinn,

A large hammer or mallet ; a bleacher's
beetle.

Mmr, A calf-skin ; leather boot-
lining.

&j£j£ kauzara, = tyi^ q,y.

if kanr, Ground full of holSows and unfit
for cultivation ; the semblance of "water
floating oyer the plain ; — Mr, Blind ; one-
eyed ; blind in a moral sense ; [kiir shudan,
To be or become blind; — Mr kardan, To
make blind, to blind;] — kawar, Capers.

a j)£ kaur (v.n.), Wrapping (the turban-
sash) round the head in a spiral form ;
killing ; plenty, increase, abundance ; a
herd of camels (from 150 to 200 or up-
wards) ; [na'HZX hi 'lldh mina 'l-hauri ba'da
'l-kaur, God defend us from want after
plenty ;] — Mr, A camel's saddle ; a smith's
forge made of clay ; a bee-hive ; a hornet's
nest ; — huwar (pi. of hurat), Cities, towns ;
regions.

a v»\y^ kur&b, A false appearance of
water on a sandy plain ; one very thirsty,
but drinking little.

y-i^y" Mrabin, A sack made of palm-
leaves or reeds, wherein seeds are put to be
squeezed for oil.

i)sr~\)^ Mrdsiya, Cuirassiers (m.c. from
Fr.).

T kiiraka, = W^q.v.

y\jjS kuran (pi. of Mr), Blind.

jiijt )f Mr-oghlu, Name of a hero, whose
feats, in the popular traditions of the tribes
of the Caucasus, have been fixed upon a
famous chief of brigands. Could local
reminiscences of Hercules (Heracles) lurk
in the name ?

^ jjS kaivar-ha, Pood dressed with capers.

a t^k^ Mr-bdtin, Inwardly blind, be-
nighted, ignorant, stupid.

vs^\ kur-bakht, Of blind fortune, i.e.
unfortunate, wretched ; a whisperer, tale-
bearer, spy.

(j* 4 ". )f kur-bakhti, Misfortune, calamity ;
wretchedness, misery.

a SyS' Mrat, kiira, A city, town ; a tract
of country, region ; a term of contempt ad-
dressed to a female; a forge, a furnace
(m.c).

Jcui't, A long narrow- necked jug ; —
kort, Court (E.) ; — korti apil, Court of
appeal.

Mr-chashm, A kind of garment.
kurd, A Kurd.
kuradih, kilr-dih, A small, thinly-
populated town or village (see

yU^jjjS' Mrdistdn, Country of the Kurds.

Jo )fi kur-dil, Blind-hearted, mad, fool-
ish, dull ; lazy.

(jJjj* kurdi, A woollen garment.

«i)k-jl*}L}J ^ Itor-dlplomalik, Corps diplo-
matique (m.c. from Fr.).

i^/i^^ Mrdin, A woollen garment ; a
blanket ; n. sock.

a oj^ kur-zauq, Without taste (in the
physical and moral sense) ; tasteless, in-
sipid.

jy£ kawarz, i^jS kawarza, Capers. '

(j-jj^ kawars, A curl ; — koras, kuwurs, A
lock of hair, a curl ; dirt, pus, matter.
kurei, A seat, chair.

uAy* kiirash, Cyrus, king of Persia.

isC&j^S' kurshabak, The mole (animal).

<-=~&)j^ MrisM, Two sticks, the one long,
the other short, with which the game of
tip-cat is played.

•jijji kawark, Capers ; name of a place
near Ormuz ; name of an infidel sect ; —
kurak (dim. of kiir), Almost blind ; a little
blind man ; a chicken ; a fuller's beetle.

T \£)y£ kHrka, karlca, A big drum.

(^£jji karkiin, Surname of Timur.

ij^ ^ kur-kash, A blind man's leader.
kor-kor, A kite.

x &£jj£ kurka, ~ tfy^ q.v.

l _ s iV!T ) jS' kurgdnl, A sort of Morocco lea-
ther.

kawargiyd, korgiyd (&VJ giydh),
Capers ; carobs.

jji Mr-mush, A species of mouse or
rat of a very offensive smell and shunning
day-light.

kur-mekh, A large wooden pin or
peg used in stables.

hiiran, A herd, a troop (see
t uH)r^ kornish, Obeisance, salutation ;
prostration ; adoration ; — kornish kardan,
To salute., to make obeisance.

t a ^\±i )r < kornhhdt (pi. of the pre-
ceding), Salutations, &c.

Mr-naniayish, Dark, obscure.
usU> kur-namak, An ungrateful fellow
(lit. blind to one's salt).
M)£ kurana, An onion,
^iijj? kawanun, Household furniture;
immoveable effects ; a ditch, a furrow (see

\j kawar-wa, A dish dressed with
capers (see ^ _yO-

irf kaiira, A channel hollowed out by a
torrent; a torrent; a river-shell or worm ;
name of a people in India ; — kiira, A large
village or market-town j a number of con-

( 1061 )

tiguoug Tillages; hard ground excavated
by a torrent; a wild ass, the onager; a
fire-place ; a smith's torge ; a furnace ; a
brick-kiln ; a lime-kiln ; little, most mi-
nute ; cloth that has not yet been washed ;
an earthen vessel which has not been used ;
— kora, A fifth part, one of the five ancient
divisions of Persia called Ardshir, Istikhar,
Darab, Shapiir, and Kobad (see i/) ; un-
bleached cloth.

}&■ Mra-khar, An elk.

»y£ kura-dih, A small, tbiuly-populated
town or village.

s\) SyS" kura-rdh, An indirect road which
winds like a labyrinth and leads one
astray.

y kiira-maz, A dish of milk and
curds (see us—Ujjj),

v>^» *y£ leura-tab, Who heats a furnace ; —
kura-tabdni kimiyd'i sipihr, Astronomers ;
a«trologers; makers of almaDacks. (John-
son reads, I do not know on what authority,
kura-ydbani, which would mean " the finders
out of minute things "; in conjunction with
kimiyd, however, the former interpretation,
adopted also by Vullers, appears to me pre-
ferable.)

^•f kauri, A large leathern dish in
which drugs are offered for sale ; — hurl,
Blindness ; a sort of wild grain ; a lively,
dancing pace ; an easy, agreeable life ; a
definite quantity ; jovialness, cheerfulness ;
— Mri kashidan, To become blind ; — ■kuri-u-
kabudi, Misfortune, calamity, sorrow ; —
kuri'i chashmi fulanl, Against such a one's
will ; in spite of him.

a.)/ kauz (v.n.). Collecting, assembling;
drinking out of a jug or cup ; — kuz, A jug,
decanter, drinking-cup ; name of a man ; —
kuzi ibari (?), A gogglet that cannot be
exhausted.

■y<f kuz, A hump, crooked back ; the sky.

1 )^'}>P kuzdwara, A glass bottle.

kuz-dwez. Anything by which a
pitcher is suspended.

cv-~> )>f kuz-pueht, Hump-backed.

j_y~H ^ kuz-pushii, Hump-backedness.

a kiwazat (pi. of kuz), Jugs, gugglets.
kuz-ddr, Crooked, hump-backed.
kuzar, Grain
threshing ; a sieve
gravel

tjrf kuzara, Name of a blue water-bird.
CJ^-jji kuzistdn. Paralytic (doubtful
word).

kiizish, Complaint in consequence of
an injury received.

s-~*^jX kuzashb, Name of a certain king.
^ujjS kuzgdht, A kind of Morocco leather.

kuzan, A wooden mallet.
*Ji5^ kuzwara, A glass bottle.
t£ kuza, An earthen bottle with a long
narrow neck for water ; agugglet; a kind
of rose ; sugar which has been crystallized

left in the ear after
or screen for lime or

in an earthen pan ; — kuza'i dbna-dida, An
ornamental jar, a vase ,■ — kuza'i qafas, The
vessel of a bird's cage in which food or
water is put ; — kuza'i qimdr, The till of the
bolder of a gamblin g- house ; — kuza kashi-
dan, To empty a wine-bottle ; — kuza'i nabat,
A jar for condensing the juice of plants ;
— dar kuza fuqd' ast, Circumstances are
straitened (see gUi p, 934).

fy\ 8)/ kuza-dwez, That whereby a gugglet
is suspended.

Hjji kuza-bdn, One who lends money to
gamblers.

y v Mza-paz, A potter ; a brick-maker.

o~i.>, Sjj£ knza-pusht, Hump-backed ; the
firmament.

Afii kilza-pamba, A cotton-pod.

irf kilza-ddr, The bank-holder in a
gambling-hell.

J*^ Mza-farosh, A seller of jugs, &c.

jSijy kilzayar, A potter.

sjjS' kuza-garddn, and —

cJkitaji' kuza-garddnak, Name of a
game.

kuzi, A reservoir, small lake, pond.
kuzma, — ^■sji q.v.
^ kivzh, fcuwizk, A species of medlar ; —
kuzh. Crooked, curved, bent in two ; a
province.

<a\i\j)^ kuzhdnulc, The wards of a lock.

kozh barid, (in Zand and Pazaud)
Coriander.

La~i> jjS" kuzh-pusM, Hump-backed, having
a gibbous excrescence upon it; ill-made,
deformed ; (met.) fortune.

ojjf kozhad, « kozhada, Flesh-glue.
^ kuzh-girih, A button ; a button-
hole.

csJyj/ ' kuzhnuk, The wards of a lock.

BjjS kuzha, A whitish ass.

A <j*£ kaus (v.n.), Walking gently; limp-
ing upon three feet (cattle) ; the north-
west wind ; — Ms (for P. kos), A drum (see
the following article).

(j./ km, A tymbal, large brass drum, a
kettle-drum, which is beat in the palaces
or camps of Eastern princes ; a road-
measure of about two miles ; a row, rank,
line; two persons who knock their sides
or shoulders together ; collision, shock ; a
game in which the men are drawn up in
rows like chess ; the longest corner of a
garment or a mantle ; a nod, a wink, sig-
nal, or intimation ; name of a town in
Mazanderan ; [kos bar pil baatan, (met.)
To prepare or set out for battle ; — kos bar-
kashldan, To depart; — ko»i chlze baland
stikhtan. To increase the voice or sound of
a thing ; — kos khwurdan. To be hit, to re-
ceive a knock or blow; — Jeosi rihlat (rahil),
Beating the retreat ; a signal for departure ;
— kos zadan (firo koftan, koftan), To beat
the drum ; to give the signal for departure ;
to depart ; — kos zadan bd, To contend with j

( 1064 )

A play, a comedy (m.c.
-komadi dar-dwardan, To

for

A pjf kaum (v.n.), Leaping (as a horse
upon the mare) ; — hum, A herd of cattle.

I*}*' hum. Hay ; dry herbage growing in
ploughed ground ; the bog-rush.

gUjS" kumaj, kumdch, Unleavened

bread.

komadi,
from Fr. or E.);
act comedies.

humar, (in Zand and Pazand) A

p:ar.

\J~*£ humish, A well-digger.

t ufX*^ kumak, Assistance (see ; —

kumak dddan, To help, to assist.

korna, A straw hut or shed
sheltering those who watch the fields ; —
kuma, A coat of mail.

a. q£ kaun (v.n.), Being, becoming, hap-
pening ; — du kaun, Both worlds (the present,
and the future).

q£ kiln, The backside, fundament, anus ;
[kun jumbdnidan, To dance ; to boast, to
brag j — kun kh,aridan, To scratch the back-
side ; (met.) to be ashamed, to be sorry ; —
kuni Khar, The fundament of an ass ; (met.)
a great fool ; mischievous, depraved; — kuni
kjiar-rd keri khar mi-bdyad, (met.) Wicked-
ness is met or to be met with wickedness ;
— sfirdkhi kun, The hole of the anus ;] —
kawan, kuwan, A sodomite ; — kitunn, kawan,
A concourse of people assembled on the
tenth of the first month ; — kuwan, A kind
of willow.

f,\l£ kilndm, The den or retreat of a wild
beast, Ac. (= f\ii q.v.),

(jSj^ty^ kun-paragi, Prostitution ; sodomy.
hawinj, A fuAcou ; coriander.

A dancer.
Evil, wickedness ;

yW-^ t)^ kun-ju mbdn,

cs^ 03? kfin-khari.
folly.

jjju^ kondor, A condor (m.c).

m£ kawanda, A net made of straw or
long grass in which dry cow-dung is carried
about for sale ; an unripe melon ; a corn-
sack.

h kundi, Cordia rothii or angusti-

folia (see ^)$).

u.jU—iji kunstans, Constance on the
Bodensee (m.c).

&z~->^ kunasta, Buttocks of man or
horse.

konsar, A concert (m.c. from the

Fr.).

6zi.y* q£ kiin-sokhia, Infamous, who has
lost his name and character.

kfin-fardkhi, Excessive expendi-
ture ; — ktin-fardkjil kardan, To spend more
than one ought to spend, senseless delapi-
dation.

jjiS a/ kun-kash'i. Procuring boys
yVsU q£ kaun-makdn,
makdn, The universe. •
a^Mna, Buttocks of man or horse.
^jfkimi, A catamite.

yVJ^» ^ q£ ka un u

a ij^kauni, Existent ; material ; worldly;
— ku.nl, Very aged.

kiinydn, Sleep.
•j^<f kauniz, A basket of oats ; a measure
(especially one of 24 lbs.)

a e**^ kaunain (du. of haun), Both
worlds ; both kinds of beings, corporeal
and spiritual, men and angels.

a J/y ha'iid, (A mountain) of difficult
ascent.

kawud (for kabud), Blue,
koh, kuh, A mountain, hill; (met.)
the thighs of a mistress, the hips ; [kohi
ibrdhlm, Name of a mountain in Karmania ;
— kohi dtish-khez, A volcano ; — hohi akhzar.
The green mountain, i.e. the mountain
Kaf ; — kohi asad, A burning mountain,
volcano ; — kohi barfilni, A snowy mountain ;
— koh ba-koh, From mountain to mountain ;
— kohi tanur, Name of a mountain near
Taft in Yazd ; — kohi tegh, A mountain of
light, a blaze of light ; — kohi jalil, Name
of a mountain in which Noah dwelt, and
from which the first waters of the flood
gushed out ; — kohi rahmat, Name of a,
mountain near Mecca ; — kohl rawan (ra-
wanda), A moving mountain, (met.) a
horse ; an elephant ; — kohi sihand, Mount
Sihand ; — kohi siydm, Name of the moun-
tain from which Muqanna' produced his
moon ; — kohi shahd, A mountain abound-
ing in honey ; — kohi qdf, Mount Caucasus ;
(met.) a dreary, lonely, or inaccessible
place ; — hohi mdrdn, Name of a mountain
beyond the desert of Qipchaq abounding in
snakes ; — kohi mahruq, Name of a black
mountain on the confines of Armenia ; —
hohi nur, The mountain of light, a name
given to a large and celebrated diamond ;
— kalla'i koh, The peak of a mountain; —
dftdb ba-koh raftan, To die ;] — kitwa, The
tue cotton ; the seed-
a silkworm's pod.
(for koh-hdmun) , A

a horse ; the
Indian ox ; —
ox's back ;

pod which contains
vessel of any jjlant;

<yy*^j^ kohdmun
table-mountain.

i^J*£ kohdn, A saddle for
hump of a camel or of the
kohdni saur, The hump on an
(met.) the Pleiades.

hohdn-ddr, Provided with a
bunch or hump.

*"f l f koh-bar-koh, A kind of amber.

6.iSjj} i } i koh-budanda, A mountaineer ;
an anchoret.

s^b ij£ koh-pdra, A piece of a mountain ;
(met.) a horse.

<sjU BjS" koh-pdya, The base or foot of a
mountain ; a mountainous tract ; a fort
built on a mountain ; name of a mountain
in Armenia.

e-~ i» tjZ koh-pusht, Curved, hump-backed.

jSLi. iji koh-paikar, In form a mountain,

jSji l> i£ koh-td-koh, From head to foot,
cap-a-pie, entirely, all over; — koh-td-koh

^ ( 1067 ) \f

jei> r tH^ Tcuhan-pir, A very old man.

A kahanat, kahana (pi. of kdhin),
Priests ; prophets, soothsayers.

gjH* kuhunj, The oxyacanth fruit.

a kuhan- kharabdt. The present

transitory world.

u*\ j kvhan-dami, The height of de-
ceitfulness.

j J t^t^ kuhan-diz, An old fort in Badakh-
shan.

a j>.^ kuhan-dair, The world ; heaven.

8 >H^ kahanm, Yawning, stretching.

jL. fcwAem-8<ii, Advanced in years ;
old, aged.

jL, ^ ku-han-sdU, Old age.

a < vl— 1„. ^j-^ kuhan-sihila, A old prisoner.

^> kuhan-farsh, The earth.

jii^ kahanku (?), Sciatica (= q.v.).
(j-^ kuhan-kisa, A possessor of an-
cient wealth (opp. to nau-kisa "an upstart");
stingy, avaricious.

i&fi iff kuhan-gurg, (old wolf) The
world.

u&i^ kuhnagi, Old age or clothes ; old-
ness.

kuhan-lang, Unable to move
from the spot.

kuhna, Old, ancient ; inveterate,
chronic ; beardless ; a youth ; — kuhna shu-
dati, To become old or inveterate ; — jdma'i
kuhna, An old or tattered garment; — kuh-
na i Vi-namam (haiz), A cloth used by men-
struous women.

a \i>*> W kuhna-bd-safd (kuhna'i bd-
safd), Who enjoys a green old age, an old
man with a florid face.

j\y te^kuhna-8uwar,Wh.oha.a experienced
and overcome much ; a signal hero.

kuhnx-farosh, A seller of old
clothes, &c. ; a fripper.

a is-tf kuhna-ji'la, A cheat, a deceiver ;
experienced ; an expert.

^ kuhna-gi, ^iS aj^S" kuhna-gini, =

kihni, A winter-house ; a bear.
i^y^ kahwdra, A cradle (see j\j^).
a tjl^ kahudu 'l-yadain, Swift (she-
ass).

a kuhulat, Cowardice, laziness,
(jij^ kuhwln, Old.

Im5 ^kahl, Forage, provender, provision;
a foraging party ; a band of marauders or
plunderers (Indian term) ; — kihe, Name of
a fortress in Sistan.
^Wi^ kahyand, The herb piony.

kahej, kahech, Name of a for-
tress in Sistan (com. of which some
say the former is the Arabicised form).
kaher, A wild apple, medlar.
y~<£ kuhez (for kuha-dwets), A ring or
thong attached to the saddle in which to
carry the mace.

kahila, Name of a champion of Iran.
ti&f kahila, Name of a medicinal bark.

a p*<£ kahim, Old, decrepit.

<&nf kihln, kihlna, Least, less,

younger; the little finger; a medlar; —
kihln u mihin, The young and the old,
the small and the great.

<&*S kihin-jahdn, The microcosm.

i^jji kihln nama'i yazddni, A

title of the Dasallr.

^ kai (Z. kava, S. kavi) , "When ? in what
manner? a great king; a strong giant,
genie ; any one of the four elements ; clear,
pure, innocent, elegant, graceful ; noble,
excellent: just; [ta kai, tjntil when?] —
kl, Who ? which ? what ?

a ^ kai, That, in order to, in order that;
how? — kaiy (v.n, of oj 5 ). Marking with a
brand ; cauterizing ; stinging (as a scor-
pion) ; looking intently at ; a mark pro-
duced by burning ; a cautery.

^kiyd, A king, protector, defender; a
hero, champion; a lord, master; a lord
marcher, landgrave, margrave ; a peasant ;
powerful; work, labour; the four ele-
ments; pure, clear, innocent; heat, cold,
dryness, or moisture ; the mouth ; mastic.

J^f ^ kai-dbad, J^W^ kaydbdd, Power,
dominion.

j^*^ kaydjur, Wise, learned.

kiya-khura, Divine light imparted
to enable kiugs to govern.

i^s-W^ kaydkhan, Working slowly, doing
anything imperceptibly, by degrees ; sooth-
ing expressions, flattery, with an intention
to deceive.

a-jUS" kiyada, Dishonourable, infamous;
disgrace, infamy.

IfS kiyd-khyiara, kiyd-ihwura, =
Jji.LS' q.v.

jW^ kiydr, kuydr, Slowness, laziness ;
name of a plant ; — bl-kiydr, Brisk, cheer-
fully ; name of a man.

\^ kaydrd, Grief, trouble ; a longing for
anything (particularly in women) ; black-
ness of face from having anything tight
about the neck.

jijW kaydrash, Name of the second of
the four sons of Kai Qubad.

(^e"j\ kai-armln, Name of the youngest
of the four sons of Kai Quoad.

kiydranq, Pure, fair, white, clear.

JiJjWS' kiydzand, A great king.

a l~Xtf kiydsat, kiydmt (v.n. of
Being quick, ingenious; sagacity, ingenuity,
vivacity ; tunning ; — sdhibi kiydsat, In-
genious, sagacious, acute.

t^kiydgh, Grass (see

(jS\~Z kaydgin, Repugnant, contrary,
absurd, improper ; rugged, uneven,

a. JW£ kaiydl, A measurer of grain,
weighman ; surname to a foolish man who
was perpetually weighing dust.

a JW* kaiy all, Fees for weighing.

qVJ kaydn, A star ; the point made by
the compasses at the centre of a circle ;

( 1070 )

haifiyati 'drizlya, An accidental qual-
ity ; — haifiyati kdmil, Full particulars.

_ <»WSi^ kaiqubdd, A great king ; name of a
king of Iran.

tS oV* 4 S' Tcai-qubadi, Of or "belonging to
TTai Quoad; the state or part of a Kai
Qubad ; rojal dignity, &c.

kaik, A flea ; [jcaik dar pacha (pdzha,
tkalw&r) afgandan (kardan), To throw a flea
into (another's) trousers, (met.) to dis-
turb, disquiet, render fidgetty; [fcaifc ha-
garibdn budan, To be disturbed, &c. (pass,
of the preceding) ;] — Idle, A man ; trie pupil
of the eye ; — kiyak, A kind of fruit ; a
cat; an ash- coloured horse.

(jf^f kai-kavjw, Just, noble; name of
a king of Persia, the eldest of the four
sons of Kai Qubad.

J£*£ kuikul, Name of a fruit.

t^y^tf kikin, kikan, Darkness ; solder.
Tc'ihu, A lake, a pond (see ).
kaiklr, hikiz, i^rt^-^ kaikieh,

Mkieh, The herb rocket,

^SUi' kaigan, The inside of the vulva.

a Js^ hail (v.n.), Measuring (grain) ;
measuring out ; weighing ; computing or
measuring one thing by another; failing
(to strike fire) ; a measure of grain ; also
of other dry goods and liquids ; heat ; also
cold ; sparks struck with flint and steel.

J-£ Ml, Crooked; anxious, longing;
dressed in a warm blanket ; — Myal, Name
of a fruit ; a medlar.

<jV kalian, A heron ; a rupture, a swelled
testicle ; any dry swelling.

a Of kailat, Measure ; — hilat, Anything
measured ; the mode of measuring.

kil-dar, Covered with a cloak (a
shield; comp. J^W).

a Jjljf liail-ddr, One who oversees the
measurement of grain, or an officer em-
ployed to attend the measurement of
grain.

*sU-^ kiyalak (dim. of Myal), A medlar.

yULi" hlldkan, A certain black medicinal
wood from the shores of the Caspian ; a
sort of leek.

kiln, A pond, ditch ; a place on the
bank of a river or other piece of water
where the M"uhamrnadans ease and purify
themselves before performing their reli-
gious ablutions ; — HyalU, A medlar (see
Myal).

uJjk* Ulwas, Name of a city, the birth-
place of the Hindu saint Shakmuni.
hailua (G. x^Xbi), Chyle.

h sL^ Mia (S, kadali), A banana.

a kila, A measure of corn (see
&*£).

y^jsl ^ kai-luhrdsp, Lohrasp, one of
the Kayaniyan kings of Persia.
a U-i' kaima, Why P

JUti' kimak, haimdk, A sort of surcingle
with, which the loads of asses and camels

are secured ; name of a city in T&rtary, and
of a river or sea ; oream.

JU-S" leimal, A kind of weasel, of whose
blueish fur garments are made.

a yU**' klmdn (pi. of kurtw.t), Hillocks,
heaps.

ti+flS' kim-M.a, klmkhab , Brocaded

silk.

(jt-^*^ kimwkht, The back-leather of a
horae or ass, shagreen ; according to others,
the grains of such ; a wrinkled skin ; —
klmukhti mdh, The sky.

kimukhtl, Made of Mmukht.

sjUas-^ Mmkhwfib, Brocade.

a kai-manz&r, Of kingly aspect.

kaimus, Name of a man.

(j-j*^ kaimus (G. -^vfubs), Humour;
chyme.

i^—^f*~^kimunistan, (in Zand and Pazand)
To request, beg, ask,

klmiyd' (G. ■xqp.aa), Chemistry,
alchemy ; the philosopher's etone ; (in
these meanings construed with afgandan,
zaian, kardan, &c.) ; lead ; name of a
herb ; love ; the sagacity of an instructor
or guide; elixir; the basis of gold and
silver; (met.) fraud, deceit, art; — kimiyd'i
akbar, The grand alchemy, the philoso-
pher's stone or tincture, which ia called
mashhuru 'l-ism wa ma'dumu 'l-jism " cele-
brated of name, but unknown of existence " ;
— klmiyayi jan, Wine ; — kimiyd'i ma'ani,
The chemistry of meanings, i.e. the study
of truth ; — ahli Mmiya, An alchemist ; a
deceiver, cheat.

a f\ kimiyd-asar. Effective as che-

mistry ; alchemic ; chemical.

a jU. klrniya-ndz, W***' kirniyfi-

sawj,/W*s^ klmiyagar, An alchemist; (met.)
a deceiver ; a lover.

a i^'W**^ klmiydgarl, Love ; alchemy.

a \J?<vti$ Mmiyd'l, An alchemist.

A ys^ kain (v.n.), Being humble and
submissive ; a caruncle or gland within the
matrix.

ff£kin, Hatred, enmity, rancour, malice-,
revenge ; (for ki In) which, for, because,
that, this ; — kini iraj, Name of the nine-
teenth note of Barbud ; — kini siyawush,
Name of the twentieth note of Bavbud ; —
kin giriftan, To conceive resentment. (The
word is also construed with the verbs
awardan, bastan, tokjitan, khwastan, eitur-
dan, kardan, kashldan, &c.)

a W^W^ klndkind, Chinchina, Peruvian
bark.

JL,£ kintil, A sot, drunkard,
^ ^ kin-awar, A fierce warrior, pugna-
cious.

y.**' kiu-diuari, Fight, contention,
warfare.

jyr tftZ kln-toz. One who foments dissen-
tions and law- suite ; malevolent- minded.

( 1071 )

Mn-jaet, \^ kln-khw&h,
Malicious, spiteful, rancorous.

SMf£ kaiyanda, Vanquishing, conquering,
victorious.

tx^ kin-sitdnl, The taking revenge.
t&A* ^ kai-nishin, = ^ q.v.

csr***^ kin-gustarl, The spread of
malice.

fliS Mn-guzdr, A revenger of injuries ;
full of fury, atliirst for vengeance.

jyi^£ Mnwar, Malevolent, inimical.

a kainunat (v.n. of of), Being,

existing ; happening, coming to pass.

i^A lelna, Hatred, rancour, malevolence ;
— klna'i irdj (siydwush), Notes of Barbud
(see 0^ above) \—kina dashtan, To hate ; —
Mna kaahldan, To take vengeance; — ha. leas
klna giriftan, To conceive hatred against
anyone (the word is also construed with the
other verbs mentioned under y^) -, — dush-
mani kina-khwdh, A mortal foe ; — alna'ipur
kina, A breast full of enmity or revenge.

jy <u*£ klna4oa, n^jf <^s^' kina-tozanda.
Malicious, hostile, revengeful.

ft- kina-jo, s\j<s- &j~J> kina-kliwdh, Ma-
levolent, vindictive.

(_yyj- ii-S" kina-jo'i, Mna-khuidhi,
Malevolence, vindictiveness, thirst for ven-
geance.

j\o ii-S" ktna-dar, Revengeful ; malicious.
kma-eanj, Who can'ies on strife,
wages war, entertains rancour.

Cr* klna,-kash, Kevengeful ; name of
the twelfth day of the month,

kina-kashi, Yindietiveness, re-
venge.

&j^£ klna-kosh, Intent on malice or
revenge, spiteful, vindictive.

t,\S kinah-gdh, A field of battle ; any
place of quarrel.

i**^ kinawar, jy kina-wars, Hostile,
malicious, spiteful, revengeful, rancorous.

jS <u^ kina-gar, kina-gard, and —

kayu, Lettuce ; a bier ; cause, motive ;
— kiyo, Scio (m.c).

yA^^"^ ('0> A. feast celebrated by the
Mongols on new year's day.

dfiytf kaiwdn, The planet Saturn ; like-
wise bis orbit; a bow; the seventh heaven.

y.jut kaiwdn-khidev, The lord of

Saturn.

(jrtjs*' kaiwdni, Of or relating to Saturn.
kayud, teftf Jcayitda, Cause, motive,
matter.

h ijjtf kiyura, Name of a plant with a
strong-scented flower (of the species of
Pandanus odoratissimus) ; also of this
flower and a perfume made of it.

Wjt^ kayos, Name of an island where
'Azra, mistress of Waniiq, was sold ; name
of the brother of Anoshirwan ; — kiyos,
Curved, crooked.

kayugh, Clay unmixed with straw.

A Jye? kaiyiil, The rear of an army, the

rear-rank; timid, pusillanimous ; high or
projecting ground ; gold filings ; refuse,
chaff ; the best and choicest of anything.

^r+ftf kay iimart, kayumars, Name

of the first of Adam's offspring who ever
exercised regal authority ; he is generally
considered as the first king of the Peshda-
dian dynasty, and is sometimes confounded
with Adam and Noah.

A kuyzin (pi. of kain), Caruncles.
kaiwa, Lettuce; name .of a plant
that bears a fragrant fruit; — klwa, A kind
of cotton-shoe used chiefly in Persia by
prize-runners.

kiya, Mastic.

kl-hd, also spelt (pi. of ki),
Who? what people?

kthan, ka.ihdn, The world.

jjjxi ^\tSkihdn-ihidiv, Lord of the world;
the universal monarch, i.e. Ck>d.

2^ kaihaj, kaihach, The largest

kind of strnwberry-tree.

(3^0 s.*£ kiya-ddn, A candle-stick ; accord-
ing to others a candle (unsupported by-
examples).

&—>p<i£ klhUnistan, (in Zand and Pa-
zand) To spring up, to grow, to be fresh
and green.

d^)^ Jcihu'idan, (in Zand and Piizand)
To come up, to grow.

"Sfs^ kaiha, So-and-so ; — kiha, The
bramble; a kind of ivy.

kaiha kaiha, So-and-so.
ka'i, Royal, kingly; — Ml, Who art

thou P

uS^s^ kayish, kiyish, Conqueror, tyrant,
oppressor.

t^i^klya, A cupping-glass (see «s^and

usT g (called ^-.jU kafi fdrsi or <witf
kafi 'ajami, the Persian kdf), The
twenty-sixth letter of the Arabic- Persian
alphabet, the power of which is precisely
that of g before a, o, u. In manuscripts it
is often confounded with «a> kqf, as well in
sound as shape ; and some words will be
found indifferently spelled with either
letter. It is interchangeable with other
gutturals, especially £ ghain, and some-
times with palatals and labials.

SjUU gdbdra, bJj}S gdpdra, A cavern or
a cleft in a rock ; a herd of cows.

tj\*£.\S gdkhwdra, A cradle (see and

y^gddan (imp. g&, gay), To embrace,
lie with.

( 1072 )

sjli" gada, Lain with, depucelated ; an
arbour, bower (this meaning doubtfnl).
j^\S gdzur, =j)\i"q.v.

^ gar, A particle which, subjoined to a
word, denotes agency or possession ; (for
Fr. gare) a principal station of a railway, a
terminus (m.c.) ; — gdri janub, The south
terminus (G-are du Midi, in Paris, m.c.).

8A5 J^ gdranda, A doer, an agent, &c.
(= /hjj^ q.v.).

ctjW gdrl, Frail, unsteady, inconstant
(thing).

gaz, Shears, scissors; pincers, tweezers,
tongs, snuffers; the teeth ; biting the lips
or any other part with the teeth ; biting,
chewing ; seizing, taking away ; pasturage ;
a cavern in a rock ; a hole or trench dug
in the ground as a shelter for men and
cattle ; a hermitage on the top of a hill ;
(S. has) a kind of grass of which ropes are
made.

)^gdz, Gas (m.c. from Fr. gaz).

yj&gdzur, A bleacher, fuller ; a wagtail ;
— gdzur girawi (read ^ not ^ , as Vullers
does) khwesh ba-dnkdn ddrad, The bleacher
has his pledge in his shop (a proverbial
saying to express that the clothes entrusted
to him secure him against being cheated .
out of bis due).

_>W jjU gdzur-ddr, Name of a wrestling-
trick.

^j;^ - gdzurak, A wagtail.

sVs gdzur-gdh, A bleaching-ground ;
name of a place at Shiraz where Shaikh
Si'di lies interred ; also of a place in Harat,
containing the remains of Khwaja Abdu-
'llah Ansari.

gdzirun, Name of a city founded by
QubAd (see fcyjj^)-

gdzurl , Bleaching; — gdzurl kardan,
To wash, bleach, or full.

ijS g&za, A small gardener's hut covered
with a coarse cloth (to which the world is
sometimes compared) ; a swing ; a cradle ;
a hermitage on a hill ; the lurking-place of
a hunter.

i£$S gdzi, Name of a sweet- smelling
flower.

gazh, A place, abode ; a stage.
JUtf gdshdh, A sausage made of the
small guts stuffed with meat and condi-
ments.

gdshtan, To turn, cause to revolve;

to avert.

i-itf gaf, Name of the letter *sS~; boast-
ing ; a crack, fissure ; exceeding bounds.

tfVf gaga,, Anything given at entertain-
ments with wine, as fruits or sweetmeats.

Jtf gal, Far, distant ; the pod in which
the cotton is produced ; a sort of millet ; a
jackal; acock; rolling, tumbling; deceit,
fraud, imposture; a species of spider;
dung hanging to the wool of a sheep's
tail.

^sSi-JU' gdt-bang, Name of an intoxicating
herb growing amongst wheat.

fcjfji' J gdlarl ddpulun, Galerie d'A-
pollon, in the Palais du Louvre at Paris.

^ gala, Far, distant ; a ball of carded
cotton ; a bag made of wool and hair.
^J^^ gdliyd, An unripe melon ; Gallia (see

jUlf gdliyar, Spittle, saliva.

gdlibull, Gallipoli (m.c).
gdlicha, A magpie.

4<JV? gdliya, Name of a herb.

[•W gam, A step, pace ; the distance be-
tween the feet in walking ; a foot's length ;
a cubit ; the jaw ; the palate ; the uvula ;
a bridle ; a village ;— gam zadan, To step ;
— gam nihadan, To go, to travel ; (also
construed with bar-ddshtan, kashidan, gu-
zdrdan).

i^ji flS gdm-Tchwush, Of a gentle pace.

gdm-zan, Eapid, swift-paced ; a
high-stepper.

tj»y\£ gdmus, A buffalo.

yA^VJ gamidan, To go, walk, step, travel.

(j—^VS" gdmesh, A buffalo.

t)^" gdn, Coition ; a whore ; worthy, fit,
proper; a tyrannical king; joining, uniting;
after numerals = &>tf q.v. ; at the end of a
word terminating in silent « he, gdn forms
the plural number when the 5 he is dropped ;
as from tstdda, Standing, is formed istdda-
gdn. Those who are standing ; — gdn dddan,
To play the whore ; to commit fornication,
&c. (eomp. eH^).

H &=r^gdnja, The hemp-plant; intoxica-
ting drug made of its leaves (bhang).

sj\jjV? gdn-ddda, gdnda, An infamous
boy ; a whore.

i\ii^S gdn-gah, The nuptial bed.
gtinur, A fruit-basket.
gdna, A particle used after numerals
to impart an indefinite or distributive
meaning, as haj't-gdna, About seven; seven-
fold.

(jiV* gdni, A whore ; an infamous boy.

)fgau, gdo, gdv (S. go), A bull ; a bullock ;
a cow ; a drinking-vessel made in the shape
of an ox ; bold, intrepid ; a land-measure
of about six miles; — gdvi Tchards, An ox
turning a mill; — gdv dar charm budan, A
thing is ready ; time for deliberation is left
or remains ;—gdv dar khirman shudan, To
be ruined ; — gdv dar hhirman kardan, To
ruin, to destroy; — gam diyds, A threshing-
ox ; — gdv zddan, To inherit ; to derive ad-
vantage from; — gdwi zar(zarrin), A golden
cup made in the form of an ox ; name of
the golden calf made by Samari, a relation
of Moses ; — gdwi zarrln, Name of a green-
coloured animal of the beetle kind ;— gdwi
mmin, The energy implanted by the Crea-
tor in the heart of the earth ; the bull on
whose horns the earth is fabled to rest;
the ox that grazes on the earth, opp. to the

( 1073 )

Taurus in the sky; — gdwi sifdlin, An earthen
vessel made in the shape of an ox ; — gdwi
slmln, A silver cup made in the form of an
ox ; — gdwi 'ambar, The sea-cow (from which
Persians suppose ambergris to come) ;
(met.) a stupid man, a foolish person ; —
gdwifalak, The sign Taurus; — gdv qashqa
ekuda ast; (met.) One has beeu disgraced ;
a secret has become public; — gdwi qulba-
raii, A ploug-hing-ox ; — gam kdr (warza), A
working or ploughing ox: — gdwi kohl, The
mountain-cow ; — gdwi yard/In, The sign
Taurus ; a draught-ox ; — gdwi gilm, An
earthen vessel made hi the form of an ox ;
—gdwi na-lifida. Proud, vain ; untaught,
ignorant of the world (an uuliclced cub) ;
— abila'i gdw, Ccv-pox.

sA fi> gdv-db, Green scum collected on
the surface of stagnant pools, duck-weed.
gawdra, A cradle ; a herd of oxen.
^ gdv-uhav, A ploughshare.

O^i^ gdvbdn, A herdsman ; a bullock-
driver ; a blacksmith.

sxa j& gdv-banda, A neatherd.

Jtfj^ gav-bahal, A waggon drawn by
oxen.

<*«**4 j& gdv-besha. The world; — gdv-besha
dnr charm bndan, A thing is. ready ; time
for deliberation remains.

i2-A> gav-pusht, A particular kind of
tent (com)). iUa^s.) ; (met.) the sky.

o-CU> } )S gdv-yalang, A cameleopard.

gdv-paikar, The mace of Faridun,
having a head like that of an ox.

<J;^ }^gdv-tdzJ, Threat, intimidation.

a ^ tjdv-tahya, A large pillow sup-
porting the back of a person sitting.

^J\ft £S (jdv-chard'i, Pasture-ground ; a
charge for grazing; tax levied on pasture
ground.

} \S gdv-chashm, ^ gav-chashma,

Ox-eye (a plant); a fragrant forest-herb
resembling camomile ; a kind of wild
grape ; iarge-eyed,

gav-chihr, With a bull's face (the
mace of Faridun).

siU 5 VS" gdv-khana. A cow-shed ; place
where dead cattle are flayed.

Jjtf gdwid, (in Zand and Pazand) The
wild ox.

^\jjVf gdv-ddru, A stone found in the
gall-bladder of an ox (= \) q.v. p. 109).

l _ r «AJ } ^ gdv-dasMi, A wild bull or cow ;
a deer.

Jo } \Xgd,v-dil, Ignorant, foolish.

} \S gav-dum, A cow-tail ; with a tail
like a bull's ; a trumpet, a tapering tube ;
anything thick at one end and thin at the
other; acclivity, descent.

J\.io yi" gdv-durabal. A cow-tail ; any-
thing broad at one end and narrow at the
other.

Jtjj j\S gdv-dosh, **•_>■» gav-dosha, } U
iiAjJ gdv-doshna, A vessel for milking,

having a broad mouth and narrow bottom ;
a milking-pail ; a churn.
<jjj^ gdvdi, Ignorant, foolish,
} \S gav-dida, A kind of bread.
gdvr, gdwur (for gabr P), An infidel ; —
gawar, The opoponax.

tjjj^gdwarza, An ox yoked to the plough.
v*}} gAwars, *-yj» gdwarsa, Millet ; a
kind of vetch ; — gawarsi aim, (a silver
vetcb) A star ; — gdwctrsa'i nuqra-gun, The
lustre of a sword; the milky way.
T* 4 " gawar-shir, Gum of the opoponax.
)W gav-rang, Bull-coloured, bull-like,
name of king Paridun's mace : also of that
of ZfJ.

uH> gav-rtsh, (cow-beard) A fool.

u \5 >^ gdv-zdd, Unexpected good fortune,
a god-send ; an inheritance.

i>^j j& gav-zaban, Bugloss, ox-tongue (a
herb; ; a plaster; a kind of bread.

i) g&v-tar, A cup made of gold.

<3>)^ gdvzan, A stag (see

*>; gciV'zana, An ox-goad.

is) 3^ gav-zor, Rude, brutal; an able
wrestler.

lSJ.5) )^ gdv-zori, Violence.

a r*J gav-eahra, A stone found in the
gall-bladder of an ox, considered as an an-
tidote against poison (see and j;U,U) ;
a coward.

jL. jU" gdv-edr, Like an ox ; ox-headed j
name of Faridun's mace.

y gdv-sar (also gdv-sara), Faridim's
mace; a poker (m.c).

wiSj— j£ gdv-sang, A stone found in the
gitll-bladder of an ox (see Ijj-wl and <u' J j^f
an ox-goad.

^jUi j& gdv-shumdrl, Census of cattle ; a
tax upon cattle.

ijjw—ls ^>jUT gdwash na-lisida, Proud,
vain ; ignorant of the world.

.iCi. gdv-shang, An ox-goad ; a sort
of pot-herb.

gtivshed, Name of a dreadful
dragon, said to have long infested Persia,
but killed at length by Cyrus ; in comme-
moration of winch event, they add, he
built a splendid dlish-gdh, or temple to
the sun or Are.

j<a } \S gdv-»hir, Gum of the opoponax-
tree.

r*** g an -'ambar, Ambergris, which the
Persians believe to be the excrement of the
sea-cow, thrown on shore by the waves,
and there concreted by the sun,

^>j^ gdwak, A little ox ; a tick or a louse
infesting cattle; a kind of mule.
)^ gdw-lear, A sown field.

yo^S q£ gdv leun kardan, To purify
to ease nature.

gdv-kush'i, The slaughtering of

cattls.

(j^L? gawakz, A kind of mule.

y£ j& gav-gun, (ox-like) Stupid, dull.

( 1074 )

J? ;W gdv-gal, A cow-herd.

8jU gdv-mdda, A cow.

ij*^* qdv-mdhi, A creature, half bull,
half fish, said to support the earth (some-
times called gdv, or mdhl alone).

jir gdv-maahang, Grain like a

vetch.

lA** )^ gdv-mesh, A buffalo.
/ 3^ gav-nar, A bull.

(?), (in the dialect of Shiraz)
A kind of spurge (see s-J^A p. 22,
where the transliteration should read ihlab
diyd).

i^S gama,

A mountain-ox.
A wooden wedge ; a chief
magistrate; the master of a family.
yieAjtf gdwahtdan, To agitate, shake,
jjf)^" gawe, One bull or cow j — gdim, Bo-
vine ; — dbila'i gdwl, Cow-pox.

Uif-P gawizan, A beautiful yellow pig-
ment made from the gall of an ox ; the
gall of an ox.

gdwish, A vessel for holding milk.
l\S' gdh, Time ; place (always in compo-
sition); a throne; a golden seat; a noun
of time and place ; a crucible dor melting
gold) ; the dawn (as hi-gdh means evening) ;
a bed ; a large cushion ; the sign Capri-
corn ; an alligator; office, dignity, public
employment ; a ditch dug for planting or
preserving vines ; a dimple in the ebin ; a
bridegroom, wooer, suitor ; sometimes, now
and then ; — gdh ba-gdh, gdh gdh, Sometimes,
at times, from time to time, now and then ;
— gah bl-gdh (gdh u bl-gdk), Well-timed or
ill-timed, at every turn, at all times ; in
season and out of season ; at morn and
at evening ; — amdj-gdh, A royal throne ;
place where a throne is raised (cf.
p. 97) ; — an gdh, In that time ; — pas an
gah, After that.

Stf gdk-bdr, gdh-bdrhd, VajW^*^

gdhambdrhii, The six days or periods in
which (according to the cosmogony of the
ancient Persians) God created the world.
The first period, called in the language of
the Zand midyumram, embraces an interval
of forty days, in which G-od is said to have
created the heavens ; the second period is
called midyusama, and is made to comprise
a space of sixty days, in which God created
the waters ; the third period, called plti
sahim, includes an interval of seventy-five
days, in which the earth was created ; in
the fourth period, called aiyd (ahrim, the
duration of which is limited to thirty
days, the trees and grass were created ;
the fifth period, called maidiydrim, con-
sists of eighty days, in which the animal
tribes were created ; in the sixth period,
called hamshpatamahdim, which lasted for
seventy- five days, man was created.

»lf i\£ gdh-gdh, gdh-gdhe, Some-

time or other.

*W gah-gir, Who occupies a place,
fixes a habitation, alights (= yS ^W),
gdhangdn, The Milky Way.
gdhu, = y»lS"q.v.
^j*^" gdhwara, A cradle.

gdhe, Sometimes ; — gdhe tci, When-
ever.

q±s£>\S gdhldan, To embrace, to copulate,
^j*\S gdhe-gdhe, = sVfq.v,
gdhin, Root of sweet cane.
<vj^ gdydn, A buffalo ; coition.

gdyistan, To reverse, invert (un-
supported by examples).
6$\S gdya, Coition.

yxy \$ gd'idan, To embrace, copulate.

t^S\S gd'lda, A woman depucelated.

s-^gafe, Large and thick.

ijWgubdra, A herd of oxen.

(j)**-?? gabibmin, (in Zand and Pazand)
Low (=past)' (according to another
reading) the back (=pusht).

yt$ gabr, A guebre, ancient Persian, one
of the Magi of the sect of Zoroaster, a
priest of the worshippers of fire ; a pagan,
infidel; a plant resembling ginger; a vest;
a stone ; — gabr, gabar, A corslet or coat of
mail ; a helmet ; — gabar, A kind of trans-
parent stoue, of which cups and the like are
made; a tent supported by a column;
name of a city,

gabr-dbdd, (habitation of fire-
worshippers) The suburbs of Ispahan.

(jSr** gabraki, A vessel for holding wine.
gabragi, The Magiau religion, fire-
worsbip, Parsiism.

^jpS gabriinat, Raining ; rain.

(jjrP gabri, The Magian religion ; pagan-
ism.

y-£ gabz, Anything thick, gross, dense.

gabast, Poison of a serpent ; a kind
of bitter herb ; a kind of wild gourd.

gabnd, (in Zand and Pazand) A

man.

&*S gabba, A cupping-glass.

\tS gabhd, Grass, herbage.

>—S gap, Idle report, gossip, chit-chat,
news, false rumour; word, saying; tbjck,
gross, dense ; large.

^5-4. gap-ehap, ) \S gap-u-shap.
Prattle, talk, gossip, &c.

l$*~> guptan (for guftan), To say, speak.

^ gut, Great, large, grand ; the but-
tocks.

pjiZ gutrwi. Vain, idle conversation.

u£ guta, Great, large, grand.

gaj, A species of white earth of which
lime is made ; mortar, plaster ; advantage,
conveniency ; self-admiration, folly; a fool ;
spurning, kicking.

•£}\ft$ gujrat, gujardt, Guzerat.

J-as^ gaj'd, Name of a certain quarter in
Tabriz ; also of a burial-ground.

gaeh, A kind of white earth of which
lime is made ; plaster ; — gachi shirin, A

( 1077 )

cool; — giran-bdr shudan, To become preg-
nant, to conceive.

ts;4 girdn-barl, Pregnancy ; gravity ,
steadiness ; deliberation, coolness.

W fc>V* girdn-bahd, High-priced ; costly,
precious.

is^i cAr* girdn-pay, Slow-footed.

tt^i <$\f girdn-pdya, Of high dignity or
station.

j\j>4 fc>V girdn-parwdz, Flying slowly.

<^~ s j y^ gird?i-pnsht, Strong, sturdy ; a
porter; arrogant, proud, silly.

yW^S" girdn-jdn, Oppressed in mind, un-
happy, unfortunate ; wearied with life ;
poor, sick; slow, sluggish, tremulous with
age; lazy; proud; a sweet beverage made
of water, flour, and honey.

(jiV^ girdn-jdm, Affliction ; misfor-
tune ; laziness ; pride.

f^f t>V gifon-chashm, Possessed of the
evil eye.

a^oU. girdn-khdtir, Afflicted at heart ;
sad, dejected.

Ai-ii. yl^ girdn-khidya, The water (as
element).

y\^ girdn-khwdb, One who goes to
sleep late and rises late, a heavy sleeper.

jty^V girtin-khwar, .A great eater, a
glutton.

tS^*- y\r^ girdn-khoy, Peevish, disagree-
able, ill-tempered.

_>«*• y\^ girdn-Jchez, Slow.

La ~- J jirdw dast, Heavy-handed,

slow.

C>^y girdndan, To loot, behold.

y^J girdn-dav, Slow-running (horse).

jjj y^f girdn-dud, Dark cloud, fog, inist.

a yV girdn-rikdb, A bold rider ; (a
horse or man) going slowly and heavily ;
one who does not flinch from the impetuous
assault of his enemy ; grave, Bedate ; —
girdn-rikdb shudan, To attack impetuously ;
to die.

b^" » wlr*' girdn-rav-sitdra, A fixed
star.

Ju. girdn-sal, Old, aged, great in
years.

JL, y\£ girdn-sdli, Old age.

*>^- girdnsdya, Of exalted dignity ;
according to others, of unremitting bounty ;
also one whose presence is not wished
for.

r* wlr 5 " giran-sar, Proud; the commander
of an army ; heavy (dragoons) ; a numerous
army; (— girdn-mag&z) drunk; stupid.

yV girdn-sirisht, Proud ; grave,
sedate, dignified ; slow, tardy, languid.
y!j~ y'j^ girdn-surln, Slow.

yl/ girdn-eang, Heavy, weighty j
grave, dignified ; precious, valuable ; low-
spirited ; patient ; contented.

OV girdn-sair, Slow- going ; heavy-
moving ; — kashtl'i girdn-sair, A slow-sail-
ing ship.

a yUr (JijS girdn-'indn, Slow (man or
horse).

a y^ girdn-qadr {qadar), Of exalted
power or dignity.

4—*^ y\jS" girdn-kisa, Stingy, avaricious, a
miser.

\f»<f> girdn-gosh, Heavy of hearing,
deaf.

y\r^ givdn-goshl, Heaviness of ear.

F$ y\r^ girdn-gir, Slow to take or seize ;
holding fast, seizing violently ; patient,
enduring, persevering.

0 SjUj^j5 girdn-mdyagi, Preciousness ; ex-
cellence of birth ; weightiness.

AjU girdn-mdya, Precious ; of noble
birth ; weighty, ponderous.

>*" yV girdn-magA%, Drunk, intoxicated ;
stupid, foolish ; proud.

a y\^ girdn-nazar, Supercilious; look-
ing askance at.

girdnl, Heaviness, weight, gravity;
importance ; scarceness, dearth, dearness ;
rise (in price) ; heaviness of spirit, depres-
sion; indigestion; a disease happening to
women in parturition ; — [girdni'i gosh,
Heaviness of hearing, deafness;] — girdne,
A bore, a disagreeable person ; a churl, a
clown.

jA-il/ girdmdan, To be heavy, grave,
ponderous ; to weigh, or guess the weight
of, anything in the hand ; to make heavy ;
to augment the price of; to esteem, to
think highly of, extol ; — gurdnidan, To
make one take or hold anythiug.

s^tj\jS girdmda, Poor ; oppressed.

Wjlr gar&wus, gardwus, An oil-

mill.

8 V gii" ah, Inclination, will; inclined;
like.

y^Uf girdMdan, To incline, to verge
on ; to resemble, to be like.

tj<£ gardy, Mentioned, recorded ; a title
of the princes of Tartary ; — girdy, Inclina-
tion, wish, desire ; intention, preparation ;
diminution; merchandize; heavy; seizing
by the hand, the feet, the waist, or the hem
of the garment ; attacking, pretending to
strike or throw stones; threatening; in-
clining, propeuse ; examining, investiga-
ting.

gar ray, A barber ; a slave.

yjw^jJ girdyistan, gardytitan, To incline
towards, to love ; to intend, prepare, or
make for ; to explore, examine ; to happen ;
to behold; to rebel; to move anything up
and down whilst weighing it ; to scatter,
disperse; to macerate or softeu hides; —
bar -girdyistan, To weigh in the hand ; to
balance ; to examine, to investigate.

\j^>Sr> girdyish, garayish, Inclination, de-
sire, will, wish ; disobedience, rebellion. *

yA-fljf givd'idan, y^-j^ girdyidan, To
have an inclination or afFection, to love; to
examine, prove, try ; to weigh in the hand ;

4^jS ( 1078 ) ^

to lay out of the hand ; to intend ; to con- I
tend, endeavour; to attack; to compose,
accord, tune (the string of an instrument) ;
to lessen, diminish ; to estimate, esteem,
think ; to involve, to wrap round, to cover ;
to disobey, rebel ; — bar-girdyidan, To weigh
in the hand; to examine, to investigate
(see also Qj^fj p. 177).

<4\tj? gurbdk, A wide dish,

JW^ girbal, garbdl, A sieve.

ytf gurbuz, Ji? gurbizh, A deceiver, se-
ducer, flatterer, cheat; artful; ingenious,
skilful, intelligent ; strong, invincible.

^etff gurbuzi, Praudulence, seduction, de-
ception ; intelligence, wisdom ; greatneBS,
valour.

gurbagH, Name of a fragrant shrub.
gurba, A cat ; wild thyme ; name of
an odoriferous tree called bidi mushk ; —
gurba'i abi, An otter ; — gurba ctz baghal
afgandan (anddkhtan), Throwing the cat
from under the arm ; letting the cat out of
the bag, discovering the secret ; leaving off
deceitful ways ; — gurba ba-tumbdn kardan,
To disgrace, to defame ; — gurba'i barrdq, A
cat with a very shining coat ; — gurba dar
ambdn dushtan (firo-shudan, kardan), gurba
dar bojjhal ddshtan, To practise deceit -
gurba dar zinddn kardan, To be extremely
avaricious ; — gurba'i dashii, A kind of pan-
ther or -wild cat ; bog-rush ; — gurba'i 'dbid
namaz hard, Pious Tom said his prayers,
(met.) such a one is a downright hypocrite ;
—gurba'i miskin, A meek cat; (met.) a
wicked rogue ; — gurba'i mushkin, The civet
cat; — gurba hama shab ba-khwab btnad
durriba, A (hungry) cat dreams all night of
a fat sheep's tail.

gurba-bid, A species cf willow ; a
kind of catkin from which a juice is
pressed; a gum-like matter proceeding
from the willow.

i*" 4 ^ gurba-chashm, Grey-eyed.

gurba-chashmi, Grey-eyedness.

a &ijf gurba-&hildf, — a^q.v.

gurba-dala, A ferret, marten,

weasel.

*>W> gurba-zibdd, The '•ivet-cat.
U C ijjj gurba-sdn, <uUi 4^ gurba-shdna,
gurba-gun, Cat-like, wily, cunning,
deceitful.

V gurpa, Trefoil.

•H^ garat bdyad (for gar tu-ra bdyad),
If thou meanest (if it must be to thee)-

5^ gurj, Georgia, native of Georgia.

yU-^-jf gurjistam, Georgia,

,j*r* 9wrp, A Georgian ; a servant boy ;
a hut ; a kind of dog.

Sjf girach, Mortar, plaster.

■^t/ gar eh and, How much soever.

<**-jS garchi, Although, though, notwith-
standing; certainly, indeed; — gurcha, A
cottage • a, dungeon ; & aabtertoneowfl ex-
cavation.

gnrikhtan, To fly, escape, flee for

refuge.

■y gard, (in oomp.) Turning round ; re-
volving ; wandering over (as dfdq-gard " a
world-wanderer ") ; the celestial globe ;
fortune ; the sun ; dust, earth ; flying dust ;
advantage, profit, emolument; reflexion,
inversion, repercussion, refraction; light-
ning ; joy, mirth ; sadness, sorrow ; a kind
of silk ; a fragrant smell ; construed with
the verbs afskdndan, burdan, pdk kardan,
rasidan, raftan, siturdan, shustan, shikastan,
nishdndan, nishastan, &c. ; [gardi dsiyd
khwurda ast, He has eaten the dust of the
mill (proverbially said of one who eats any
food indiscriminately, whether lawful or
not) ;~gardi aftab, Atoms which appear
playing in the sunbeams ; — gard bar-
dwardan, To trample under foot ; to anni-
hilate ; — gard kJtwurdan, To become soiled
with dust ; — gardi zumurrud, A sprouting
beard ; — gardi surma, Collyrium-powder ;
— gardi shab, The darkness of night ; —
gard kardan. To trample under foot, to an-
nihilate ; to make public, to manifest, to
render evident ; — gard kdrdani tlr, The
flying high of an arrow ; — gard na-mdnad at,
No vestige remains of ; — gardi-mdh, Moon-
beams ; — gardi yatimi, The water or purity
of a pearl ; — az gard uftddan. To lose lustre j
— ba-gard budan {raftan), 'To be annihilated,
to perish ; — dar gard budan, To be brisk (a
market) ;] — gird, Round ; a circle, orbit, cir-
cumference, circuit, rotundo; environs, parts
adjacent ; a collection, assembly ; a host ;
a city ; a tent, pavilion ; (adv.) around ;
[gird dmadan, To convene, meet together ;
to accumulate, collect, mount up ; — gird
dwardan (pech kardan), To accumulate ;
to acquire, to bring into one's grasp ; —
gird-rd girdu mi-khydnad, He calls every-
thing that is round a nut, i.e. he muddles
things together, he talks galimatias (m.c.) ; — ■
girdi rah, The circuit of a road ; — girdi ru,
The contour of the face ; a woman's orna-
ment worn about the face set with jewels;
— girdi sari khwud dawid, He loitered about
in idleness ; he did as he liked ; — girdi sari
kase gardidan (raftan), To devote oneself
to, to sacrifice oneself for ; — gird shudan,
To gather together, to assemble ; — gird-ash
na-mitaivan gardid, One dares not approach
him ; — girdi shahr, Suburbs ; — girdi kdr
gashtan, To engage in, to attempt or com-
mit anything ; — gird kardan, To collect,
assemble, bring together ; to make round,
encompass, environ ; to surround, to in-
vest ; to wrinkle, shrivel, contract ; to
wager, especially at a horse-race ; to put
in ; — girdi kdre gashtan, To set to work in
a matter ; — gird kardan (giriftan), To accu-
mulate ; to acquire ; — gird gashtan, To go
round •, — girdi yatimi. The wa.ter or lustre
of a pearl (= gardi yatimi above) ; — ba-gird

0^?

( 1079 )

andarUny All around — ddrab-gird, The
city of Darab;] — gurd, Strong, brave,
valiant ; a hero ; [gurdi zabul, The hero of
Zabul, i.e. Eustam ;] — girad (for girad),
He may take ; — girid, Crete or Candia.

\*/> garda, Returning, wheeling, encir-
cling ; a boy's top ; — girda, Pretence, pre-
text, excuse.

s-A *f gird-db, A whirlpool, abyss, golf,
vortex ; — gurd-db, A wave.

•J^Wji" girdabdd, The city of Madam,
founded by Tahmuras and finished by Jam-
shed.

<jr)\*j£ girdabish, Proof, demonstration ;
meditation, deep thought ; perplexity ; in-
vestigation (doubtful word).

f gar-ddr, Scabby, mangy.
(j^-if gurdds, An oppressor, tyrant.
\J>\^ gurdash, An oppressor, tyrant.
^tfi *f gurd-afrid, Name of the daugh-
ter of Guehdaham.

>>/ gurd-afgan, Who lays low

heroes.

^^•i^ gard-d-gard, Step-by-step ; con-
tinually revolving ; — gird-d-gird, Round
about, round and round ; the winding of a
river, road, or mountain ; parts, sides,
boundaries.

f \ -if gurd-dlii, A kind of plum, an apri-
cot (see }\

<*&\ jJ? gard-dlud, SJjl^ ■if gard-dluda,
Soiled with dust ; encumbered with riches
or worldly cares ; — gard-dliida sdzad, He
bestows worldly goods upon.

i># ^ gard-posh, Covered with dust ;
encumbered with riches or worldly cares.

*Ae*jj *f gard-poshida, Dust-covered (a
wrestler, a horse or mule, &c).

(^■if gardan, Turning, winding, chang-
ing, inverting, converting ; one who turns
or goes round ; conjugation, inflexion ;
meat parboiled and roasted with spices ; —
gardan ehudan, To revolve, turn round ; —
garduni gardan, The spheres, the heavenly
heavens; — qubba'i garduni gardan, The
vault of heaven (perpetually) revolving.
garddndd, May (God) effect it !

f,\M\ «jyf gird-anddm, Of a middling sta-
ture, square, compactly built.

yjiloj? garddndan, To turn round.

Jj\a» t^ J j^ garddn-titara, A planet.

<&i\-> J garddnak, The pointers (two stars
in the Bear).

aWjf garddna, An iron ring (to which
anything is suspended) ; — girddna, A
child's go-cart, leaning against which it
learns to walk.

^jiUjf garddni, Turning, revolving, <fcc.
(used as last member of compounds).

garddniyd, Name of a note in

music.

4jZ garddntdagi, A rolling about.
(^\iJ gardanidan (transitive of gardi-
dan), To change, alter, avert, convert,

divert, drive round, surround. -, to cause to
become ; to represent as becoming, to re-
gard as ; — dgah gardanidan, To inform, to
apprise of ; — umidivdr gardanidan, To raise
one's hopes ; — dwdz gardanidan, To make
inflections of the voice, i.e. to sing, modu-
late, shake, quiver, or trill ; — bdz gardani-
dan, To avert, to turn off ; — bar-garddnidan,
To invert, transpose ; — ba-chard gardani-
dan, To lead to pasture ; — pusht gardani-
dan, To turn the back ; — tasauwur garda-
nidan, To be of opinion, to imagine ; — dar-
gardanidan. To revolve, to turn round ; —
mukhatib gardanidan, To converse ; — mu-
gharraf gardanidan, To honour.

iAj^jS" garddnida, Turned round -, meat
parboiled and roasted.

i-JUj? garddniya, Name of a note in
music.

V J J^ girddwd, A patrol.

jfi ^ gird-dwar, All round, round ; a
patrol ; a watch ; a superintendent of po-
lice or customs.

■if gird-dwardan, To assemble, col-
lect.

tSj^T gird-dwari, A drawing together,
collecting; surrounding, investing ; siege;
going the rounds, watching, patrolling, <Sc.
division ; beat.

gmddvzhand, Throwing down
heroes ; name of a champion.

^ A ? gird-bad, ^/gird-bdda, A whirl-
wind ; a demon ; — gird-bddasd, Like a
whirlwind.

jjW gird-bdzu, With round, i.e. power-
ful arms ; strong-limbed.

<-*W Aj£ gird-bdf, A woven border ; sel-
vage.

fJJ\) jjS gird-bdlish (y*3^ bdlin), A small
pillow laid under the cheek; a large cylin-
drical pillow, a bolster.

gardbdn, A leader, commander-in-
chief; the tree of paradise; an artificer's
wooden block fixed in the ground for po-
lishing his work ; a shirt-collar ; neck and
breast of a shirt.
jjjjS girdbtir, A wimble, gimlet.

jt gard bar-dwardan, To raise a
dust ; to trample down, destroy.

ji j^f gird bar-dwarda, Vaulted,

domed.

jjZl ^ gird ba-gird, All round.

o>jS gard-bandan (for gardan-band) ,
Collar, neek-ornament.

JjS gird-pay, The space about the
foot of a throne or other seat ; according
to others to be disgraced, to be treated
with ignominy ; — gird-pdyi hauz gardidan,
To prowl about any place in search of any-
thing ; — gird pay nishastan, To sit in a
square posture.

q\z~*1 Jjf gird-pistdn, Round-breasted
maiden.

Ojs (

gird-poeh, Bed-clothes.

v*"*i gird-pesh, All round.

^ gird-khwdn, A circular table.
gardar, Hard ground at the foot of a
mountain ; hilly ground ; a city.

<Ji) ^ gvrd-r&y, Round of face or form.

oh J .r gird-ran, A fleshy thigh ; an easy
life ; root of the thigh, groin.

gardish, Revolution, turning round,
reversion, conversion, motion ; turn, change;
a bend ; vicissitude ; reversion ; adverse
fortune ; wandering about, vagrancy ; an
incursion, raid, plundering expedition
(m.c.) ; — gardishi dsrndn, Revolution of the
heavens; — gardishi bdlin, Changing the
position of an invalid ; — gardishi bdlin shab
jum'a, Passing the Friday night out of
one's harvm (considered as ill-omened) ; —
gardishi rang, Change of colour ; — gardishi
'dma, Promenade, public pleasure-walk
(m.c.) ; — gardishi qur'a, The shaking and
drawing of lots.

s-»* ^ gard-shab, Darkness of the night,

pSLb. j,? gird-shijcam, Round-bellied (a
horse).

slSA^f gardish-gdh, Place for a pleasure-
dri^e or walk; pleasure-ground (m.c).

txiAJjZ girdshanda, Reptiles.

eb^f girdak (dim. of gird), A small royal
tent; a large round tent ; a bride's cham-
ber; an enigma; a rich cake; a sum, total,
whole, collection.

W ^ gird-kuna, A collector ; surround-
ing.

•>/ gird-koh, Name of a mountain in
Miuandaran.

(jS**/ girdgdn, A walnut; the ball of a
pellet-bow ; anything round ; — girdgan
bar gumbad, (met.) Fickle, unsteady, un-
stable.

i\S ^ gird-gdh, The middle part of the
body, the waist; the navel.

oyT •>/ gird-gird, All round.

yWiji' ^/ gird-giriban, A shirt, a shift.

^Slx&y Oj5 gird-gashtagi, A going round.

^jfi girdagl, Roundness, rotundity ; —
ba-girdagi'i dlgar raftan, To sacrifice one-
self for another.

y£ gurd-glr, A conqueror of heroes;
the title of the son of Afrasyab.

diUoijS' girdmdna, Seed of mezereon.

Jjl' gird-musht, A kind of bow-
handle ; a particular way of holding the
bow.

yoyT gar dan, The neck; a pole; strong,
robust, firm, powerful ; a brave, stout man;
a hero; strength, power; — gardan az mo ba-
riktar dashtan, To be gentle, pliable, submis-
sive; — gardan afrdkhtan (bdlidan), To raise
the neck ; (met.) to be restive, disobedient,
arrogant ; — gardan. anddkhtan (dwardan)
bar, To submit to ; — gardan la-dosh firo-
burdan, To submit, to obey ; — gardan ba-
shamsher kharldan, To command oneself to

0 ) 4/

be killed ; — gardan baland (dirdz, firda)
kardan, To stretch the neck ; (met.), to be
stiff-necked, disobedient, rebellious ; — gar-
dan charb u narm (kham, ghuncha, kaj)
kardan, To submit, to obey (also construed
with shudan in the sense of being submis-
sive or obedient) ; — gardan zadan, To de-
capitate ; — gardani zamln, A neck of land,
an isthmus ; — gardani shutur, A camel's-
ueck; (met.) a purse full of gold; — gardan
kashidan, To be stiff-necked, restive, to dis-
obey, to revolt against ; — gardan giriftan,
To take upon one's neck, to endorse, to
declare oneself responsible for (m.c.) ; —
gardan narm kardan, To submit, to obey ; — •
gardan nihddan, To place the neck, i.e. to
submit, obey ; — bd khuni laehkar dar gar-
dani o, With the blood of the (whole) army
on his neck, i.e. being the cause of their
destruction ; — bd shamshlr u kafan bar gar-
dan, With a scimiter and a winding-sheet
about (his) neck ; — bar (dar) gardan uftd-
dan, To fall upon one's neck, to befall
(misfortune, &c).

gardand, A spit; a go-cart, in which
a child learns to walk ; a boy's top ; meat
boiled and then roasted with spices ; the
peg of a musical instrument; [gardandyi
charkh., The sky ; ] — girdand, A spit ; the
kneepan ; a red rose ; a deep dish.

giiojl" gardanaj, meat parboiled and
roasted.

yjjf gardan-afrdkjita, Of high
stature, tall, strong,

csJUjjf gardndk, Full of dust, dusty.

&-V>^ gird-ndma, An incantation in-
scribed with the name of a run-away slave,
which, being hidden under a stone or in
the ground, is supposed to have the power
of preventing his escape and obliging him
to return; a die for coining the impression
on money.

ylsjjS gardandn (pi. of gardan), Strong,
powerful, illustrious ; — gardandni ba-nazm,
gardandni nazm, Illustrious poets.

(jUjjf gardndy, A boy's top ; — girdndy,
gardndy, A red rose ; a child's go-cart.

vsi*^ yjjJ' gardan-bdrik, Gentle, docile,
affable, pliable.

4~~} gardan-basta, Chained or

fastened by the neck ; — gardan-bas-ta u
dil-ehikaeta, With the neck in chains and
a broken heart.

Ju * O^/ gardan-band, A chain, collar,
necklace, ornament for the neck.

jjS gardandagl, Revolution, alteration,
change.

jjj q^jS gardan-zadani, Deserving to be
beheaded.

^ qj>jS gardan-zan, The executioner.

(jXfc gardan-shikan, Who severs the
neck, arrogant, contumacious.

gardan-Jirdz, Stretching the

proud, arrogant,

( 1081

stiff-

)

neck; long-necked
necked.

iJ-&>SjZ gardan-kash, Exalting the neck,
i.e. proud, haughty, refractory, disobedient,
stubborn, obstinate ; — qardan-k-ashdn ba-
nazm, gardan- kashdni nazm, Poets of dis-
tinguished merit.

<_r^/ gardan-kashl, Pride, arrogance,
presumption, stubbornness ; — gardan-kashi
kardan, To rebel.

t=-Al* ' gardan-kuluft, Of a strong neck ;
a ruffian, a bully (m.c).

»s£>^ gardang, A fool, idiot ; a cuckold.

t>\S yO^J gardan-gah, A road on the sum-
mit of a mountain ; a place in Iran, on the
way to Mecca.

} \iS yj^S" gardan-guzdr, Severing the neck
(a sword).

gardangal, A fool; — gardangul,
A rolling pin.

ef*V J / gird-naviahl, Environs.

gardana, A rolling-pin ; a saw
worked by two men ; a musical instru-
ment ; name of a herb ; a neck of land ;
the neck of a mountain ; a road on it.

W*>>/ gardanhd (pi. of gardan), Necks.

ij&f gardanl, A horse-cloth ; a blow on
the nape of the neck ; fortitude, bravery ;
a trick in wrestling ; — gardanl kardan, To
disobey, to rebel.

yif girda, A nut, a walnut.

$y*? girdwdr, A patrol, watch, guard ;
a police or customs inspector.

e&Vy yw&wwi', The office of a patrol,
&c. (see the preceding article).

) gird-u-pesh, = ^ q.v.
gardun, A wheel ; heaven, the
celestial globe or sphere ; chance, fortune,
and her revolving wheel; an engine (for
pulling up trees by the roots, &c), a wind-
lass ; a chariot, calash, chaise; a child's
go-cart, by which he learns to walk; a
gun-carriage ; a cob-web ; — garduni diin-
nawdz charkhi Mna-sdz, Heaven smiling
on the base, the spheres preparing adver-
sity (for the deserving) ; — garduni mind,
The azure sky; — gardun namati palang
kard, Heaven has made a motley carpet,
i.e. there is no peace or quiet in this world,
the world is full of vicissitudes.

a,^jixi\ QjtjS' gardan iqtidar, Powerful as
heaven.

«Lu Qp^jS gardun-pandh, Under the pro-
tection of heaven ; who takes refuge with
heaven.

«sX> cyJjS' gardun-tak, Swift as the revolv-
ing spheres, fleet (a horse).

a 0t-£+> (jy>y gardun-tamkln, (Equal to)
heaven in dignity or power.

*=rj J j* gardiincha, "t^^f gardun-

cha'i kudak, A child's go-cart, by which it
learns to walk.

AtjJjS" girdwand, ^i^/ girdwandi

girdwand, ^jtfjjjS - girdwandi, "Various de-
grees of Sufic perfection (cf. p. 697).

(jL, yjj/' gardun-sdy, Rubbing, i.e. touch-
ing, the sky.

a ■- r >\f) gardun-rikdb, fiy gar-

dun-sarvr, (met.) A powerful sovereign.

•■s— tyJ^ gardun-sirisht, Proud, con-
ceited, pompous, dignified ; slow, negli-
gent; absurd.

i^y gardun-euwdr, jt~> gardun-
sair, Travelling in the sky.

W > r' gardun-shukoh, Majestic as

heaven.

<-*^a fcjj*^ gardun-shigdf, Cleaving the
sky (sound of the trumpet).

a <j>ji ajJ^ gardun-qarin, Joined or reach-
ing to the skies.

gardun-kamdn, (met.) A power-
ful monarch.

tsV^ i}}^/ gardun-giray. Who aspires to
higher things ; favoured by heaven.

OJ°j^ gardun-naward, Travelling in
the sky.

a O)" 3 ^ gardun-himmat, Of high-

soaring ambition, high-minded, of lofty
aspirations.

U^S garduna, A chariot, calash, gig.

ajjS garda, Powder used by painters,
which, tied in a porous cloth, they rub over
the outlines of their designs pricked on
paper, thus transferring them to another
piece of paper, pouncing- powder ; also the
pricked paper itself, a etencil - card ; a
shield ; leather breeches of a wrestler ; a
shaven crown; a disc; barrel (of a drum) ;
[garda poshidan, To rub the hands with
dust before wrestling;] — girda, A kind of
round cake, but not thin ; anything round ;
a round pillow ; a round yellow patch sewed
upon a garment to distinguish a Jew ; all,
the whole ; watch, guard ; [girda' i charkji
< gardun), The sun and moon;] — gurda, A
kidney ; the reins ; courage.

^1 aj^T gurda-diu, A fruit like an apricot
(kidney-shaped).

^i-jQ girda-bdlish (y^ bdlin), A

round pillow.

yV{ sjij? girdabdn, One who claps his hands
upon meat on a table, to prevent it from
being carried off ; a watchman.

jt tJjS girda-bur, A wimble, auger, gimlet.

j» sjjf girda-paz, A maker of cakes, a
pastry-cook.

0^ ioj? girda-peeh, A circuit, surround-
ing, investing, besieging; herb-seeds dressed
with meat.

girda-koh, Name of a mountain in
Kurdistan.

U> sj,S gurda-numti, Kidney- shaped, like
a kidney.

s^if gardi. Wandering, travelling ;
change ; revolution ; separation ; downfall,
misfortune ; affliction (used as last mem-
ber of compounds) ; — as hraf -gardi, Down-

( 1084 )

who has a cutaneous eruption ; scabby ; —
gurgun, Unripe corn gathered for food.

X~£? garganj, g>Sf garganch, The capital
of Xhwarazm,

9 ur 9 1 * z > g ar <)tiz, Governor of a pro-
vince.

9 ar 9oy, Name of a champion and
ally of Afrasyab.

<J>? gurgl, Wolfishness.

©*V 9i r 9V> Name of a certain city.

(jt£/ gargin, Scabby, mangy ; — gurgtn,
Name of a champion.

gurgina, A fur garment.

JV?- i Mr f gurgina-charm, Made of wolf's
hide (drums).

)yi 6*,$^ gurglna-doz, A maker of fur
garments.

p/" garm (S. gharma), Warm, hot ; cho-
leric, fiery ; ardent, active, zealous ;
thronged, busy (market) ; anguish, vexa-
tion ; haste, despatch ; (adv.) closely,
strictly ; warmly, ardently ; anxiously ;
kindly ; [garm ufldd dar hdri haee, One sets
energetically to work ; — garm shudan, To
grow warm ; to fly in a passion ; to be brisk
(market) ; to be on the point of closing
the eyes from sleepiness (m.c.) ; — garm
Icardan, To make bot ; to excite, inflame,
put in a rage ; to sharpen ; — garm-v-sard,
Hot and cold, ups and downs, prosperity
and adversity ; — garm-u-sardi charkji, The
sun and moon; accidents of fortune; — ba-
tdziydna garm kardan, To undertake a
thing impetuously ; — chi garm ant, How
hot it is! (m.c.) ;] — gurm, garm, Grief,
Borrow, affliction, distress of mind ; taking
little when much is required; — gurm, The
rainbow.

garma, Heat, warmth, sultriness ; —
garmd khwurdan, To suffer from the heat.

t)^^*r^ garmdban, A hot bath ; a bath-
keeper.

^■^•S garmab-ddr, A. bath- keeper.

<s*U,s garnidba, A hot batb ; the money
paid for such (?).

y^UjS' garmfibabdn, Keeper of a hot
bath.

^Uji garmdbl, Warmth, heat.

a garm~ikhtildtl, Warmth of

friendship, strong attachment, intimacy.

sjj^i. L»jT garmd-khwurda, sjj garmd-
zada, Smitten with heat.

garma-fizdy, Increasing heat ;
name of the third month in the era of
Yazdagird, corresponding to May.

garm-a-garm, All hot; new, fresh ;
spontaneous, unpremeditated, extempore.

aJUjS garmdla, Name of a certain medi-
cine.

aj^s. Uj- j Uj? garmd-u-sarmd khyaurda,
Who has suffered from heat and cold, ex-
perienced, inured to the vicissitudes of
life.

ij^jS garmdiva, A hot bath.

oW^Uj*" garmdwabdn, Keeper of a hot
bath.

? gar-mdhi, (scab-fish) A shad.
J*ft*/ girmd'il, Name of one of the
princes who were compelled to perform the
office of cook to the tyrant Zahhak.

^sA)^ garm-bazdri, Briskness of the
market, good sale ; high value or estima-
tion of anything.

(4)^' garm-tdzi, A furious driver.
(jAj* ff garm-joshi, Ebullition ; warmth
of affection ; ardour, zeal, enthusiasm.

*>Wfc»y garm-kJtdna, A hot-house, subter-
raneous dwelling for warmth ; a green-
house (m.c).

& j**- pj^ garm-khabar, Freshest news,
latest intelligence ; a current rumour.

garm-kho, Hot-tempered, of a fiery
disposition.

y^}" 5 - ffi garm-khubdni chaman, Fra-
grant flowers and blossoms.

gwm-khun, Of a hot blood ;
lively; an ardent lover; wine containing
much alcohol.

garm-khez, An early riser ; quick,
active, hot-tempered ; one who passes part
of the night in prayer.

garmddn, A kind of fruit.
*$ garm-dil&n, Ardent lovers.
t^f fgarm-rdn, A furious driver.

garm-raftar, }) garm-rav, A
quick traveller ; an impatient lover.

tsjl) (*/ garm-ram, A quick journey;
ardour of a lover.

b garm-rah, Travelling or going
quickly.

^jtsfr- ftjS garm-sukltun, Speaking with
warmth ; speaking impressively.

garm-sard, Lukewarm ; ups and
downs, vicissitudes of life.

wi,^, (?), A kind of silk stuff.

garm-ser, A warm climate ; a
winter habitation in low grounds ; the
country, the cultivated fields (m.c.) ; wait-
ing impatiently ; — garmser raftan, To go
into the country, into the fields.

^jtr- pj$ garm-seri, Belonging to a warm
climate (m.c).

<J**f garmish, Heat ; a fever.

viUi (.Js garmshitdb, Hastening, in great
hurry, in hot haste.

a u^-ras* garm-suhbai, Warmth of
friendship, intimacy ; affectionate.

a yUe p£ garm-'indn, = pj* q.v.

a eV* 9^ rm mizdj, Hot-tempered, pas-
sionate.

laV*^ - garmah, Boiled beans ; an early
melon ; (dim. of garm) somewhat hot,
warmish.

yeS" f,jS garm-kin, A bitter enemy, an
implacable foe.

t\&»jf garm-gdh, A warm place ; mid-day.
pjS garm-garm, = ^*^q.v.

( 1085 )

f garm-go, Eloquent ; an impres-
sive speaker,

a f,jS garm-nafas, Of powerful breath.
garmand, Quick, ready, prompt.

^r" ) garm-u-sard, = q.v.
garmosh, A mole (see
garma, Fruits which ripen early
(especially melons); first-fruits; hot or
white bread.

)*♦ t*jS garma-bez ()t) wet), A fine sieve,

,j*j> garmi, Heat, warmth ; briskness of
market ; heat of temper, of disposition, of
system; affection; sexual passion; lust,
heat ; the venereal disease ; — garml'i zabani,
Feigned affection (professed but not felt) ;
— shiddati garmi, Excessive heat (of the
weather).

a garmiyat, Heat, warmth, ardour.

t*"y> gur-mekk, A large pin or stake to
which the heel-ropes of horses are fastened.

<*f? garml-khundba, Excessive
weeping.

u' VjJ" garml-ddna, A rash prickly heat;
a rash.

garmldan, To be hot, wax warm.

tff gurinj, A wrinkle ; the corner of a
house ; a falcon ; — gurinj, guranj, Rice,

J*r/ gurinjdr, A rice-ground.

uU. gS,X gurinj-khdna, The house or cage
of a falcon.

y<Ai gurinj ba-shlr, Rice and milk.

taf gurinda, A sort of brush used by
weavers to apply paste or size to their
warp.

garang, The rendezvous of an army ;
a field of battle ; — giring, Broken to pieces.

t&fi gama, ^£ garni, Unless ; — gurna,
Name of a herb.

y£ girau, girav, A wager, stake, bet ;
a pledge, pawn, deposit, earnest ; a con-
tract ; — girau burdan, To win the game,
carry off the stakes ; — girau bastan (dddan,
titurdan, Jcardan, hashldan, nihddan), To
wager, bet ; — girawi mu'tabar, A sure or
safe pledge (m.c).

f ■'•'V girwdnidan, To cause to bet ; to
make believe.

Hy? gwucha. Gristle, a tendon.

>? girau-dar, A layer of bets;. a holder
of stakes.

) }J f girwar, Fit, proper, necessary, ex-
pedient.

^"^r* girwar-fartdeh, Whose exist-
ence is necessary.

tfr/gurum, An assembly, concourse.

0*JT gwriit, A ringlet or braid of hair ;
dirt on the body or clothes ; hunger.
gurogh, A lie.

d^ir giraugdn, A wager, stake ; a slave ;
— gurugan, The male organ of generation.

faf garugar. An attribute of God, signi-
fying " who grants our desires."

girau-gard, Name of a city on the
river Jailjun or Ox us.

iipfgirawand, A wager, stake (= y£ q.v.) ;
—girwand, Pustules on the lips (which are
said to rise in consequence of horrible
dreams) ; the ringworm or tetter excori-
ating the skin and turning it white.

h? g ur oh, A troop, squadron, com-
pany, band, levy of people, crew ; a class,
an order ; a body of travellers ; — gurohi
kabti angubin, Swarm of bees ; — gurohi
sagdn, Pack of hounds ; — guroh guroh, In
troops, company by company.

guroh-a~guroh, Troop after troop,
in troops, company by company.

(jSas. guroh-shudagi, Association, a
uniting in a body, confederation.

**Jj* giroha, The clew of thread as
formed upon the spindle ; — guroha, A ball,
bowl, globe, or any spherical figure ; a
ball of thread, ball for a cannon, balista,
or cross-bow ; the head, crown of the head ;
a kind of sweetmeat; au assembly, con-
course, multitude of people.

lSJj* iKrawi, m India girvn, Pledged,
pawned ; an insect mischievous to standing
corn ; — gurwl, 8>j gurwl'i zirih. Name

of a kinsman of Atrasyab, and murderer
of Siyawush.

<_s<^ girvji-dar, The holder of a
mortgage.

(j&fsj/ 1 girawidagi. Admiration, adoration,
adherence, attachment.

Q^X? girawldan, To follow, admire,
adore ; to believe, confide in ; to obey ; to
agree or be pleased with, to accept ; to
form a sincere alliance with anyone ; to
be attached ; to pledge.

tJi jr^ girawida, Attracted, attached to,
admiring, captivated ; a believer ; con-
fiding.

a <j,)j> girwl-zabtl. Foreclosure of a
pledge or mortgage.

< *" li <*Si? girwl-nama, A deed of mortgage.
gara, A cup or ewer ; mouldiness ; —
girih, A knot, a knur (as in a thread or on
wood), a knob, a joint; a button or any-
thing for fastening garments ; a gland ; a
kernel ; a purse ; an abscess ; a knuckle ;
articulation ; three finger-breadths ; a
difficulty ; the seed of a thorny tree used
for tanning ; the heart ; [girth bdz kardan,
To untie a knot ; — girih ba-bdd baatan, To
accomplish something difficult, to solve
an intricate matter; — girih ba-bdd (ba-
sdya) zadan, To act rashly ; to rely upon ■
life ; to bend one's heart on worldly things ;
— girih bar abru andoMdan (dwardan,
zadan), To frown, to look cross; — girih bar
bandi qabd bastan (zadan) ; — To make a
knot in one's waist-band (in order to re-
member something ) ; — girih bar jabin (rw)
zadan, To frown ; — girih bar-zadan gosh-rd
= girih bar gosh zadan, q.v. below ; — girih bar
kamar zadan, To gird oneself, to pat on a
belt ; to tie money in one's belt ; — girih bar

a/ ( 1086 ) eyS

girih, 'Knot upon knot, difficulty upon diffi-
culty ; — girih bar gosh zadan, To turn a deaf
ear to another's speech ; to rub the ears ; —
girih bastan, To knot, to concrete (as honey) ;
— girih ba-kdr anddkMan (zadan), To with-
hold necessaries, to thwart, disappoint ; —
girih dar abrii zadan (kardan), To frown ;—
girih dar Mr uftadan, A matter miscarries,
one fails in one's undertaking ; — girih dar
gala zadan, To strangle; — girihi mbdn,
Impediment in speech ; — girih zadan, To
lay up a treasure, to amass wealth ; to
knot the hair ; to buckle ; to place con-
fidence in ; — girih shudani Tear (kdr-u-bdr),
Failure, disappointment, being thwarted ;
— gxrihi td'un, A carbuncle, an anthrax ; —
girih giriftan, To be tied (as the tongue),
and unable to articulate ; — girih gashtani
ashk dar gala, To be on the point of crying
and weeping;— girih gashtani abrii, A frown ;
— girih guftan, To abuse, to insult ; — girihi
gotht, A gland in the body, kernel in the
flesh ; — dar girih baetan {zadan), To tie in
a knot;] — guruh,A troop, Ac. ( = <!•?.)•

j» if girih-bur, A cutpurse.

^ / *? 9} 7 ^ bar bad, (difficulties to the
wind !) Indifference to worldly concerns.

*»♦ t/ girih-band, A coat-button ; the
waistband of drawers ; one who ties a knot.

ytAjj girih-bandan, The birth-day, the
anniversary of one's birth ( = tfiiC q.v.,
p. 643).

^jtu&ej if girih-peshdni, With wrinkled
brow, cross-looking.

bp girih-tan, A snail ; a spider's web.

i^*>f girihcha, A little knot.

tf girih-ddr, Knotted, knotty ;
jointed ; intricate.

jlS *r* girih-zdr, A place abounding in
knots, &c, ; curly hair.

if girih-sdz, Who makes a knot, <fcc.

<nXAji girihah, A little knot.

lA&kjj girih-kushd, A looser of knots ; a
solver of difficulties ; anything by which a
knot is loosened, as a pin, the finger-nail, &c.

y^jjJ «jf girih-garddn, Name of a game.

j£ tS girih-gir, Inclined to be knotty or
curled, curly.

t*r* giriha, girihha, A little knot ; a joint
in a herb ; — guruha, A ball ; a company of
people.

^ gart, Any standard of measure,
whether for land, cloth, grain, liquids, or
time ; a measure of time, twenty-two
minutes and thirty seconds ; a clepsydra ;
the itch, scab ; practice, trade, office, &c.
(at the end of compounds) ; — gire, A knot ;
the neck ; — girl, "Weep thou ; weeping ; the
neck ; (S. giri) a mountain ; (for girt) thou
mayest take.

\t/ giryd, Weeping ; one who weeps.

h J\tf garydl, A round flat plate of bell-
metal, used in the East as a bell to strike
he hours upon.

aWi>/ giryd-liqd, A monstrous appear-
ance, a hideous figure.

i^if girydn, Weeping, crying excessively ;
causing to weep ; a weeper ; [giryan
shudan, To weep, bewail ; ] — -gury&n, The
fire-place or furnace of a hot-bath ; a
sacrifice or offering made for deliverance
from calamity.

^J\>fgirydni, The act of weeping ; lamen-
tation, plaint.

yxobj^f giryanidan^Ho cause to weep.

•rijSgirib, A land-measure (see ^/)-

giribdn, A collar, the opening or
breast of a garment ; a cape, a hood ;
(met.) the neck ; a pocket; — giribdn daman
kardan, To meditate, to be wrapt in ecstacy ;
— girlbdni dasht (koh), The middle part of
a mountain or any place iu it ; — giribaii
reUhtan, To adjust a collar ; — giribdni
samUr, A sable or fur trimming giribdn
kardan, To tear (a garment) ; — giribdni
hurdi, A vest worn at the approach, of
winter ; — giribdn giriftan, To seize (one's
own) collar; (met.) to apologise, to ask
pardon ; to prepare for war or battle ; — ■
giribdn-girifta dwardan, To drag to the
place by force ; — girlbdn-hd ba-ddman raft,
The collars reached as far as the skirt.

(jAf q^-/ giriban-kashi, The pulling at
one's collar.

«5 giribdn-gir, An accuser, a plain-
tiff, an apologist.

^i^jS" giribdni, A kind of loose vest ; a
leathern braid or trimming sewed to the
collar of a coat.

gurich, i^pf guricha, A hut, hovel,
cottage, cell ; a small building set upon
posts ; a dungeon ; — guricha, A sort of
sweetmeat.

&&if gwrekhtan (imp. gurez), To fly,
flee, run away ; to escape ; to take refuge,
retire, retreat ; — dar %htpud qurekhtan. To
collect oneself.

i^&jf giirekhta, A fugitive.

^AyL. girekhta - khyidb, Sleepless

(eye).

j</ girid, The island of Crete or Candy ;
(for glrid, 2nd pi. of giriftan) you take;
take ye.

gurez, (imp. of gurekhtan, in comp.)
Flying, a fugitive ; flight ; deviation, re-
gression, abhorrence, aversion, abstinence,
fasting ; the general or leader of an army ;
an eloquent man ; a part of a beam pro-
jecting beyond a wall ; — gurez dwardan, To
flee towards ; — gurez ddshtan, To dispense
with; — ruy ba-gurez dwardan (nihddan),
To take to flight; — mard az shumd gurez
nist, Tou are indispensable to us, we can-
not do without you. (Also construed with
biidan, zadan, kardan, Ac.)

gurezdn, Taking flight ; — gureedn
thudan, To fly,

gurezdndan, To put to flight j to

cause to escape dar-gurezandan, To cause
to take refuge.

Q^y? gurezdnldan, To put to flight.

H yf gurez-pd, A fugitive, a runaway ;
unstable, unsteady,

My? gurez-gdh, & y? gnrez-gah, Time or
place of fleeing ; a place of escape ; an
asylum, place of refuge, retreat.

gurezanda, A fugitive ; quicksilver,

i^jtf gurezl, Plight.

O^y-r gurezldan, To fly, to flee.

tj-tf girit, Deceit, fraud, artifice.

yz~i? girlstan, To weep, cry, bewail ; —
girreiani ayina, The weeping of the mirror
(a manner of taking omen concerning the
safe return of a traveller by placing some
leaves upon a mirror and pouring water
over them) ; — girittani hawd, Weeping of
the atmosphere, i.e. raining.

<&*~i}Z garisang, A ditch, a hollow place
in the ground ; — gurisang, The note of the
nightingale; the shout made by a party
of religious mendicants.

4— i? girisa, Fraud, deceit.

Q*<~~t/ girisidan, To deceive, defraud,
cheat.

garesh, Name of a little, long-legged,
and swift animal.

£i/ gurlgk (for gurez), 'Flying ; a fugi-
tive ; flight.

gureftan, To flee, to run away.

&&>yr qiri-gah, That part of the pilav
which touches a neck of mutton when
stewing in a pot.

tAU ~/ giryanda, A weeper, a wailer.

g**^/ grinich, Greenwich (m.c).

y? giriv, A stake, pledge, hostage.

tyyy" giriwdra, A necklace.

tyy/ girewaza, A string of beads.

{$\y? giriwan, A collar.

ft-iy? garayudum, Perfidy, treachery.

cy*r gariwan, giriwand, Scab, ring-
worm.

garlwa, girlwa, A low hill ; a high
bank, high ground, a mound of earth
which has been worn into gulleys by the
rain ; a ravine ; a steep or difficult pass.

&if girya, A plaint, lamentation ; crying,
weeping, tears ; — girya at chaskm guskddan.
To make the eyes cry ; — girya afgandan
(anddJcktan, zadan, kardan), To weep, to
cry ; — girya'i tdk, Wine ; — girya'i chirdgh,
Drops flowing from a candle; — girya'i
ihama, Writing ; — girya dar chaskm (dlda)
ghikastan, Tears gather in the eyes ; — girya
dar galii pechldan (girih shudan), To choke
with tears ; — girya dar galu ddshtan, To be
ready to cry ; — girya'i ragi tak, Wine ; —
girya'i ruhanl, Inward tears, tears unshed
from excess of grief ; — girya'i sard, Croco-
dile tears ; — girya'i shddi, Tears of joy ; —
girya'i sham', Drops flowing from a
candle ; — girya'i shisha, Wine poured from
the bottle into the cup ; — girya firo kjiwur-

dan, To suppress one's tears ; — girya kardan,
To weep, to cry, to lament (m.c.) ; — girya'i
mastdna, Tears from intoxication; — girya
u zdri, Weeping and wailing.

f\*% faj? girya-dshdm, Drinking tears.
^i? girya-dlud, Tear-stained.

fi^y. *if girya-pardde, Given to weeping,
tearful, lachrymose.

yUj girya-zandn, y W &>jS girya-kunan,
Weeping, crying (plural).

i\S6»j girya-gdh, A place of weeping.

? toy girya-gar, Weeping, crying.

aa-AjjS' giryamand, <^\Hi? giryandk, Tear-
ful, lachrymose.

^I&UVa &ijS girya-hdydhdy, ^i^J* girya-
hdyha, o^^* girya-hdyhdy, Weeping
and lamenting; tears and waitings.

<j«*ey giri'idan. To weep, <fcc. (= i$*~~i?
q.v.).

■y~ gaz, The tamarisk-tree ; a yard for
measuring cloth ; a cubit, a length of 24
finger-breadths, or six hands ; a ramrod ;
a sort of arrow or dart without wing or
point, the two ends being small and the
middle thick ; (in comp.) biting, pungent,
as zabdn-gaz " biting the tongue, acrid " ;
[gas zadan (kardan), To measure with the
yard, &c. ■ — gazi shdygdn (mulk), A mea-
sure equal to half the height of a man of
ordinary stature (used chiefly in Khura-
san) ;] — giz, A tooth.

\j> gazd, Biting ; hurtful ; harm, loss ; a
biting serpent.

guzdr, A pass, passage ; a surgeon's
lancet or cupping-instrument ; the outline
of a drawing; payment of debt; perform-
ance of prayer ; sleep, dream ; (imp. of
guzdshtan) leave thou; (in comp.) who
leaves, quits, or pays.

guzdrd, Paying; an utterer of

words.

O" 3 ^'/ gvxardan, To pass on (a message) ;
to quit, leave ; to pay, discharge ; to draw
the outline of a picture.

gwarda, Discharged, puid (debt).

d*y? guzdrish, The interpretation of a
dream ; explanation ; utterance ; a quit-
ting, a leaving; a discharging, paying.

to* O^j^ guzarish-kun, An expounder ; an
interpreter; a describer.

/J^J/ gitzdrishgar, An interpreter of
dreams ; one who transmits, brings, con-
veys, carries, represents ; one who agrees
or consents.

tS&^jV guzdrishgari, Explanation, inter-
pretation.

fc^jV guzdriihn, Interpretation of a
dream ; explanation ; utterance ; a quitting,
discharging.

\j>)\? guzdrith~ndma, l5*jV 9 uz a-
nshi-ndma, &<«U guzar-ndma, A book on
the interpretation of dreams ; a commen-
tary.

'•**jy guzdranda, Who leaves or quits ;

1/

( 1088 )

who causeB to pass ; a prayer ; a speaker ;
a drawer of pictures.

. ty'/ gazara, A thing, substance, fact,
history ; — guzdra, The interpretation of
dreams; explanation; excess, much.

gmara-ndma, A book containing
the interpretation of dreams; a commen-
tary,

Cl^V guzaridan, To pay, perform, or
satisfy ; to speak ; to sketch, draw an out-
line, mark, or trace ; — nuqta guzdridan, To
put a dot.

jfyS" guzde, The uneasiness which men
suffer from heat, passion, and the like.

(jjjufyf guzdstan, To curry hides, dress
skins ; to lay stones.

t£*»>\)f guxashtan, To pass by ; to quit,
leave ; to pay a debt or fine, make a pre-
sent on the renewal of a lease and the like ;
to transmit, remit an offence ; to make a
sketch of a drawing, to mark or trace.

gimf, guzdf, Foolish, vain, idle, ex-
travagant ; very much, innumerable, ex-
treme ; — gissdf kardan, To spoil, to ruin; — ■
ba-guzdf, At random, by guess ; — ba-guzdf
eatdndan, To take, to buy any indefinite
quantity, without weight, measure, or
pumber; — ba-guzdf farokhtan, To sell in
the gross.

(j&ssYf gazdf-rangdn, Quickness, activity.

<ti\jJ gizd/a. Innumerable, much ; bound-
leas ; vanity, an idle, foolish saying or
action.

j\£ iS\£ gizdfa-kdr, Acting wantonly,
vain, foolish.

gazdti, Biting, pungent; — guzdn,
Choosing, selecting ; adopting.

-f gaz~anddzi, Archery with the
arrow gaz.

{$t*£i\ £ gaz-angubin, Basrah honey,
manna ; bitter honey.

g-VJ^f gazdnidan, To cause to bite ; to
injure.

gazdv-ramgdn, Quickness, haste.
q\&j\)5 gazdwangdn, Haste, speed, acti-
vity.

gazduia, A litter for camel or ele-
phant.

gaudy, Who wounds or injures.
gazdydn, Injurious, hurtful, detri-
mental.

t$z~ty guzdyisian, To pass, pervade.

gazayish, gizdyish, A stick for
driving caifcle ; a twisting, contortion; —
guzdyish, gazayish, Fit, proper ; ivy (the
latter meaning unsupported by examples).

iju^y guzdyanda, Pervading; pressing,
urgent (affair).

gazd'idan, To bite ; to injure ; —
gizd'idan, To sow, to plant.

£ gaz-bdz, Who dances with the arrow

gaz.

y gaz-batl, A particular kind of

dance.

J >* gnzd, i-i-S guzda, A champion (pro-
bably misreading for J^gurd).

)f gazar, A carrot ; a pestle ; — guzar, A
passage, transit; a scrip; a dream ; — guzir,
guzar, Remedy, help ; — guzar riist, There is
no help.

ohr guzar an, Help, remedy.

guzard, A remedy, help, or cure ; —
nd-guzard, Remediless (= e^c S).

guzardan, To apply a remedy.
)jr guzar-ndma, A book on the inter-
pretation of dreams.

ttfgazura, A herb called sarzira.
^ygazf, guzf, Pitch or tar ; silver burnt
black ; goldsmiths' black (a kind of com-
position).

gazaJe, A relish (eaten with wine) ; a
devil ; a sweetmeat made of sesame and
sugar ; nipped with cold ; — gazak zadani
za&htn, The shrivelling of a wound.

JWj v*y gazak-zada, Corrugated, shrivelled
(a wound).

£ gaz-gaz jastan, To leap or jump

friskily.

gizlik, A small long-handled knife ;
a sort of penknife with a crooked point
and narrow at the other end, chiefly brought
from Egypt.

fy> gazm, The tamarisk-tree.
gazmd, A kind of sorrel.

gazmazak, gazmdzii, The fruit
of the tamarisk-tree.

y £ gas-mar, Computation of the mea-
surements of a building ; computation,
number.

gazma, A patrol (m.c).

gassma-bdshi. The head man of
a patrol (m.c).

gazaipbu, Manna ; honey (doubtful ;
see y^f).

&f gazand, Loss, injury, damage, mis-
hap, misfortune, ruin, calamity; a fatal
accident in consequence of witchcraft (con-
strued with dmadan, ddehtan, rasdnidan,
rasidan, rekhtan. kardan, kasMdan, yd/tan,
&c).

yL.j jjjS gazand-raedn, Injurious, hurt-
ful.

^sUj MjS gazand-ras&m, Injuriousness.

guzandagi, Mordacity, bite, sting.
i*i/gamnda, Biting, stinging ; -injurious,
hurtful ; venomous, noxious ; a venomous
reptile or reptiles.

gazangubin, gamngu, Manna.
gaznand, A sack filled with straw.
&f gazna, A nettle.

o»}i gaznai, Wet and withered (winter-
plant).

gazatvdn, Mountain-balm (see c>\})0-
•ij^guzud, A beetle (probably misreading

for Jj^q.v.).

^Jf gazl, A coarse kind of (cotton)

cloth.

isbfi tS)* 9 azi 6a -S™" (?)> Most vile.

( 1089 )

gazit, gizyat (whence A. hy*-, or vice
versa?), An annual tax exacted by govern-
ment ; capitation- tax paid by Jews and
Christians ; — guftit, Chosen, approved.

gazld, A gift, present, douceur,
bribe ; a tribute imposed by conquerors (cf.
preceding article) ;—guzld, Selected, chosen,
distinguished ; a game like leap-frog. '
j>*i$ gazldgar, Tributary, subject.

gazldagi, A bite, a sting.
O^iy gazidan, To bite; to sting, prick
with a needle; to wound with weapon or
tongue ; to cut off ; to fear ; to imagine ;
[gazidani chaskrti, The evil eye ;J — guzidan,
To choose, select, prefer ; to assist.

ij^y* gazidani, To be bitten ; — gvzlda.ni,
To be chosen, worthy of being chosen.

gazida, Bitten ; alarmed, afraid ;
vexed, indignant ; imagined ; — guzlda, Cho-
sen, excellent ; peculiar, private; a selec-
tion; assistance; name of a boy's game;
— guzlda'i akhyar, Chosen above all people,
the most excellent of the just; — guzlda'i
thahan, The best of kings ; — ai shahi 'dlam
u guzida'i bani adam, 0 king of the world,
and chosen of the sons of Adam !

f.jf gaztr, gizir, A vazir; the superinten-
dent or collector of the revenue ; a hero,
champion; — guzir. Aid, help, remedy ; es-
cape ; — guzir har dan, To help ; — guzir %a-
ddshtan, To be without remedy; to be
unable to do without.

guzira, A remedy, help, cure.
gazln, Biting ; a nettle ; — guzln,
Electing, choosing ; chosen.

U^t^ gwzinish, Approbation ; property,
peculiarity ; chosen.

guzlnanda, A chooser.
^.y gazlna, Ad iron or wooden mallet j a
coppersmith's hammer ; a storehouse, trea-
sury ; a thick (or close) and rather coarse
kind of cotton cloth for making tents or
for clothing the poor (see ; — guznia,
Choice, excellent, chosen, approved ; pro-
perty, innate quality.

uS>>* guzinl, Property, quality, disposi-
tion.

gizw, A stake, pledge, hostage (doubt-
ful, see yjS).

y^y®! A poll-tax, capitation-tax (see

ftp guzhdzh, The crop or gizzard of a bird.
C J Y* gazh-dwm, A scorpion ; the sign
Scorpion.

(**>sf gazhdaham, Name of a champion of
Persia; governor of the fortress Dizhi
Baped.

gazhf, Pitch ; silver burnt black,
jtf f gazk-g&v, A sea-horse or cow (see
jK> p. 887). .

guzhm, Sorrow, distress of mind ; a
large-stemmed and leafy tree, called the
gnat- tree.

jfgazhu, The tamarisk-tree (doubtful).

<J$ guzhuni, A roof made of cane and
covered with clay.

5}*" gazha, A certain 6tone ; concha ve-
neris.

} \~£ gusar, (in comp.) Carrying away,
removing ; letting go, dissipating, assuag-
ing ; taking down, consuming, drinking, as :
— gham-gusdr, Removing grief, i.e. a friend ;
also one who experiences sorrow; — mai-
gusdr, Who drinks wine.

QjjL-f gusdrdan, To quit, leave ; to drink
(wine) ; to experience (sorrow).

sojL^ gusdrda, Left, quitted.

^» SAijU»f gusaranda'i mai, The cup-
bearer; a wine-drinker.

yjijL.S' gusarandem, To break, to dis-
solve ; to drink.

fc)A>jL~S' gusdrldan, — g^L^T q,v.

(jjAjj^wi' guednldan (caus. of, and = y-i— > *
q,v.), To cause to break off ; to break off
(trans, and intrans.).

gast, Ugly, shameful, base, dis-
pleasing.

i^Sgusidii, Arrogant, presumptuous,
bold, rash, audacious, uncivil, rude, impu-
dent, cruel ; construed with ekudan, raftan,
nishastan, &c.
ajU-U-J" gustdkkdna, Impudently; rashly.
t^~*% gustdkh-chashm, Bold of look ;
rash, fool-hardy ; looking augry.

j i\*~J gustdkh-dast, Quick, dex-
terous.

gustdkh-ruy, Shameless, impu-
dent,

a gustdkk-siyar, Of bold or im-

pudent manners.

t^~^ gustdkh-zcibdn, <^fi e^~— ^ gui-
takh-goy, Of froward speech ; talking arro-
gantly.

^U^-f guetakhl, Arrogance, want of ur-
banity or politeness, rudeness, freedom,
familiarity ; — gustdkhl mu'df, (Let) rude-
ness (be) pardoned, i.e. pardon my rudeness.

gustar, A bed ; a bolster, a pillow ;
the black or white thorn ; (in comp.)
spreading, strewing, scattering, diffusing ;
a spreader, strewer, scatterer ; — khdni mak-
ramat-gustabr, A most generous prince.

gjulyt—f gustardndan, — * guslar ani-
dan, To spread, strew ; to cause to spread.

SjL,j^i_5 (ju'stardnida, Strewn, spread.

Q^jL-S guslardan, To expand, diffuse ; to
make (a bed) ; to spread ; to arrange.

^^jLSgustardani, Anything to be spread,
a bed, cushion, carpet, <&c.

t^yLs gmtarda, Spread (bed) ; a founda-
tion.

^£ uy~3 guitar da-lcdm, Successful in
everything, most fortunate.

Ji, } z~£ guslarish, Anything that may be
spread ; a carpet.

^jx— S' gustari, (in comp.) A spreading,
diffusing, as: — 'addlat gustari, The dis-
pensing of justice, &c.

' gustaridan, To spread; to arrange.
gustuwan, Horse-armour.
t*S qasta, The dung of horses and the
like; — gusta, Starving, hungry (probably
misreading for «■* ■■■■<").

(^r—^ gustaham, Name of the grandson
of Minuohihr ; also of a certain champion
of Iran.

gaati, Ugliness, deformity.
t>-s*fc-S gusikhtan, To break, tear, pull, or
twist off ; to burst, be broken.

— $ gueistagi, Breach, interruption,
(^s — 5" gusistan, gusmtan, To break off ;
to be broken or twisted off ; — bar-gusistan,
To break or be broken off (= gusistan) ; to
reverse, to invert (= ^a^j/ $ q.v. p. 177).

gusista, gususta, Broken, broken
off; abrupt.

(jjV^ ii- — S gusista-dshydn, Whose nest
has been destroyed (bird).

jL^t — t gutieta-bunyad, Eradicated,
demolished from the foundations.

lySt ~S gusasta-pai, (A bow) whose
string is broken.

<u — gmista-dil, Heart-broken j
afflicted, distressed.

ta „ < gwista-dam, Breathless, ex-
hausted.

t^ }i <u- — f gusista-ruda. Griped in' the
bowels.

a <jUb $ gueista-'indn, |«W *j f gu-

sisia-lihdm, ^» — S gusista-mahdr, Ungo-
Ternable (horse) ; bold, warlike (man).

Liji S gusista ghaugkd, A subsiding

tumult.

a gueista-nur, The new moon ;

a drinking-vessel in the form of a ship.

gusil, A breaking ; (incomp.) break-
ing, tearing, destroying, as; — jan-gusil,
Heart-breaking ; — gh am-gueil. Destroying
care.

0±fX~S gusildnldan, To break, to cause
to break ; to snap asunder.

Al— f gusila, A bit broken off, a frag-
ment.

q±J~S gwilidan, To break; to snap
asunder.

t)—^ gusn, Hunger.

jUbJi' gus-ndmcir, Extreme hunger.

»*i~S gusanda, Desire, appetite ; pith of
a tree.

(j^-S gusnagi, Hunger.
auma, Hungry.

^-igisni, Assafcetida (see — £).

,_3~i gust, Dismission, discarding, a send-
ing away ; a bidding farewell ; sloth, hea-
Tiness, torpor; — gusl kardan, To give leave,
to dismiss ; to depart.

guni&htan (imp. gueil), To snap
asunder, separate.

<toai->-~^ gueikhta. Broken ofl.

J*—^ gusil, Dismission ; farewell ; a
breaking, tearing ; — gusil Jcardan, To send
away.

doubling ; nor

( 1090 ) US

V- $ gusila, Bending,
vomica.

gash, Delicate, handsome, genteel ;
the blandishments and coquetry of girla ;
the elegant air of a pretty woman; joy,
gladness ; a boat ; temptation, evil sugges-
tion (= q.v.) ; interruption, hin-
drance, impediment; — gish, The heart; —
gush, Humour or temperament of the
body, of which there are four : — gusM eard,
(yellow humour) Bile ; — gushi sa/ed, (white
humour) Phlegm ; — gushi surTch, (red hu-
mour) Blood; — gushi aiydh, (black humour)
Gall.

^ gushd, (imp. of gushadan, in comp.)
Opening, loosening, solving.

■i^Sgushad, He opened; wide, broad; vic-
tory, conquest; happy, well; happiness; dis-
charging an arrow ; the taking of a pawn
in the game of nard ; — gushdd dddan, To
make one obtain his wish, carry out his
purpose ; to make an affair succeed ; —
gushddi kdr, The opening or accomplishing
of an affair; — kjhatir-gushdd, Gladness,
hilarity.

^aXaS gushddagi, Width, space, open-
ness.

qAjS gushadan, To open, &c. (= ©oU^
q.v., p. 1031) ; — an kamin guahddan, To
break forth from an ambush, to ".ttack ; —
afsana gushadan, To relate at full length ;
— bar-gushddan, To open; — zabdn (suk&wn)
bar-gushddan, To begin to speak.

irfU jLijf gushad-natna, A royal mandate,
diploma, patent, or privilege ; lettering or
title-page,

SiiLii" gushada, Opened ; open.

sjIaJ' gushdda-abru, With open eye-
brows, joyous, glad.'

o'^H * J ^^ gushdda-peshdni ((&»**jabin),
Serene, pleasant, affable.

J j tSuS gushdda.dil, Open-hearted, libe-
ral.

}i tSuS gushdda-ru, Open-faced, pleasant,
agreeable ; — gushdda-rau (rav), Straddling
(horse).

8 gushada-zabdn, Eloquent.
4_aSj BjLio gushdda-zulf, With loosened
curls.

j^ai- iS^AS gushdda-suihun, Eloquent.
a US tS\JS gushdda*kaf, Open-handed,
liberal, generous ; pleasant, open-hearted.

a vy^"* gujhdda-mashrab, Of an

open disposition, candid ; jovial.

yU&jfc S^iS gushdd-hangdmdn, Four sea-
sons.

^\JiS oushadi, Openness ; opening.
^~>liSgushdsb, Name of an ancient king
of Persia (the same as Gushtasb).

>iili£ gushdJc, An arm long from the
shoulder to the elbow.

yji^ljUi' gushdydnidan (eaus. of gusha-
dan), To cause to open, &c.

tjjiUS gashdyanda, Who opens, opening.

( 1091 )

' gushb, Leaping; a leaper, jumper.
<- gushb-bdnii, Name of Rustam's
daughter.

isJ-ii' jasAf, It came to pass ; walking,
strutting, looking about, surrounding,
going round (especially guards patrolling),
perambulation, recreation, amusement, di-
version ; motion, rotation ; erasure, oblite- ■
ration ; state, condition, posture of affairs ;
a pumpkin ; the bitter purging apple ; —
gashti Jcoh u dasM, A tour through hills and
deserts ; — gasht u guzar Jcardan, To take a
■walk ; to wander, stray, stroll, saunter.

VsaS" gushta, Heaven, paradise.

^J^iS gushtasp, Name of a king of Per-
sia (Darius Hystaspes) ; a channel by
which communications of divine grace are
made from the Creator to the creature.

ij^Xz&S gushtdspi, Relating to king Gush-
tasp ; name of a fire-temple, also called

us^sJ ut~t£ gasht-bar- gasht, Fold upon
fold •, a certain creeping-plant.

s--* 4 ^ gushtasb, An ancient king of
Persia.

^X* iji~lS gasht-mlami, A tax exacted by
the qafr when on a circuit.

uiXziS gashtah, A beetle.

gashtagl, Perversion, perverseness.

a JU-« u>^£ gasht-mahal, A toll or tran-
sit-duty levied on boats.

(j^aS gashian, To turn, return, change,
alter, repeat, renew ; to become, to be
chauged, converted, perverted ; to twist ;
to go away, depart ; to saunter, to look
about (m.c.) ; to peruse (a book) ; [gash-
iani ruy, A distemper attended with con-
vulsions ; a squint of the eye, twist of the
nose or month to one side ; a wrinkle ; —
gashtan girdi dil, To revolve in one's mind ;
— baz gashtan, To return, come back ;] —
guhtan, To bend, incline.

<ua1 gashta, Returned, converted, per-
verted; inverted, reversed ; become, formed;
firm; changed; squint-eyed; — gishia, An
aromatic compound like the A. J>i q.v. ; —
gushta, Hungry.

j^. gishta-eoz, A censer, in which the
perfume giehta is burnt.

(>5 i— f gashti, Watch, sentinel, patrol ;
gladness, happiness, health ; a merry, spor-
tive air.

gashtiya, A watchman, patrol.

s—vA? gashasb, Splendour, lustre ; (in
comp.) a worshipper ; — gushasb, Name of a
king; leaping, jumping.

gashasbi, One of the sect of the
illuminati (see p. 64).

gashf, Pitch ; silver burnt black ;
goldsmiths' black (see and <-*f).

tf&£ gashn, gashan, gushn, Much, abun-
dant, numerous ; — gushn, The male of any
animal ; a male palm-tree ; a desire for the
male ; pregnancy, gestation ; fruitfulness

of a palm-tree ; — gushn dddan, To give the
male (to any animal) ; to sprinkle the fe-
male palm-tree with the male flowers j—
gushn giriftan, To take the male ; to be
impregnated ; — ba-gushn dmadan, To be in
heat (a bitch).
y^i^ guehn-buz, A he-goat.

tyiS gushn-khyfdh, In want of the
male ; — gushn-khwdh shudan, To be in
heat.

£U (j^S gashan - shdkji, With many
branches.

0*A> ijJ gash-nisMn, The fourth of the
month.

^\3 i ^iS gushnndk, Pregnant.

viSuJs gashanah, A beetle (unsupported
by examples).

tJ^S gushna, Hungry.

(ji&s gushnl. The act of generation ;
application of the male flowers of the palm
to the female ; — gushnl hardan, To engen-
der, to cover.

&xiV> yj.*' gushn-yafta, Taken the male,
covered, lined, impregnated (female).

soU gushni-ddda, Fructified, im-

pregnated (female palm-tree).

gashniz, A mirthful, sportful, joy-
ous air; joy, mirth; joyful; — githniz,
Coriander-seed.

a ff>*- •jtrt'S gishnln-kisrim, Grape- wine.

jyu gushud, An opening, an aperture.

yjyisf gushudan, To open ; — gushudani
bakht. Success, happy issue.

{m ^iS gasM, gashshi, Health, happiness ; —
gashshi, A graceful air in walking.

U=f gata, A trap-ball stick.

guft, He said, he spoke ; a word,
saying, speech, discourse ; anything thick
and dense ; a garment of a close texture ; —
guft-u-qadam, Speaking and doing, talk
and action ; — guft-u-shinwu, guft-u-shnnid,
Speaking and hearing, question and answer,
dialogue, conversation, conference, debate,
controversy; — guft-wgoy (guy), auft-u-gu,
Conversation, common talk, discourse,
rumours, reports, news; disputes, jarring
pretensions, law-suits, squabbles; super-
fluity of words ; also eloquence.

\ziS guftd, He said.

jUi? guftdr, Speech, conversation ; a say-
ing ; a chapter.

ajj jUfll" guftdr did, Thoughtfulness, con-
siderate speech.

yjajUif guftdrxdan, To speak.

(jjViA? guftdn, A locust, or a bird resem-
bling it.; a green fish.

guft-shunTd, Conversation ; con-
troversy.

j&tfS guftgu, Parley ; — guftgu shudan,
Conversation, &c, takes place; — guftgu
kardan, To converse, dispute, <fcc. ; — dar
in guft-gu, During this conversation, mean-
while (m.c).

guftan, To say, speak, call, relate,

( 1092 )

rehearse, repeat ; to tell ; to compose (a
poem) ; to sing, to modulate ; to open,
cleave ; — mi-giiyand, People say, it is said
(m.c.) ; — na-gu (go), Do not speak of it ;
you don't say so ! it is incredible (m.c.) ; — ■
bdz guftan, To state fully, openly.

guftanl, Fit or worthy to be said,
told, or spoken.
£ j o^AS guft-u-gu, — ^£xA2 q.v. above.

gufta, Said, related, spoken ; a
speech ; — gufta shudan, To be related or
published ; — taiila guftan, To repent, to
express repentance ; — nishdn guftan, To
show, point out, indicate (= nishdn dddan,
q.v. under qUJ) ; — bar-guftan, To speak,
&c. (= guftan).

lmS ^gufti, Speech ; — giifte, A thing spoken
or spoken of, a matter, a subject of speech.

J* gil, Clay, mud ; [gili artnani, Bole
armoniac ; — gili iqritus, Cretan earth ; —
gili bahri, A kind of red earth resembling
vermilion ; — gili pdrsl, A kind of clay with
which women wash their heads ; — gili par-
warda, The human body ; — gili tang, Clay,
potters' earth ; — gili kihmat, Lute, cement,
mud-cement (used to close the mouth of a
vessel) ; — gili hayd, A kind of clay which
is used to make a fire burn ; — gili khu-
rdsdnl (according to others, khwurdani),
A kind of eatable chalk ; — gili khun,
Sealmg-clay ; — gil dar db kardan (giriftan),
To make preparations (for building, &c.) ;
— gili zard, A kind of yellow clay brought
from the neighbourhood of Constantinople ;
— gili surkh, Bole armoniac ; — gili sar-shuy,
Persian earth used for cleansing the head ;
— gil sirishtan, To knead, to mix; —
gili shdmus (shdmusi), Samian earth ; —
gili safed, Chalk ;—gil shudan, To become
stained, soiled, dirtied; — gili qubrusi, Cyprus
clay ; — gil Jcardan, To mix, to knead (= gil
sirishtan) ; to stain, to soil, to dirty; — gil
kashidan (better malidan) bar, To incrust
with clay or cement ; — gili malddum (gili
nibishfa), Sealing-clay or wax ; the earth
of Lemnos, ruddle ; — gili misrl, Egyptian
clay ; — ba-gil giriftan, To conceal, to hide ;
dar ba-gil dwardan, To obstruct the door
with clay or mud ;] — gul, A rose ; a flower ;
embers; a red colour; snuff of a lamp or
a candle ; albugo ; a seton, an issue ; a
mark made by burning ; balls of charcoal
used for burning the tobacco in a hooka;
the caput mortuum of tobacco left on the
tile of a hooka after smoking ; good for-
tune; — guli abr, A portion of a cloud; —
guli abrisham, A rose fringed like silk ; —
guli dtishi (ahmar), A red perennial rose
(also called surkh and sfiri, qq.v) ; — guli
urba, Name of a medicinal plant ; — guli
asmdn, The sun ; — guli ashrafi, Calendula ;
— guli aftab, The sun-flower, Helianthus
annuus ; — guli andr, The flower of the
pomegranate; — guli aurang, The globe-

amaranth or bachelors' buttons, Gonrphrena
globosa ; — guli bddam, Almond-blossom ;
— gul bd shakar (ba-shakar), Conserve of
roses ; — gul bd farmdn, A violet ; — gul 6a-
jamdlat, A formula of approbation, bravo !
well done ! — guli bad-ndmi, The venereal
disease ; — guli bl-khdr, Rose without thorn,
(met.) wine ; — gul bi-farmdn, A reddish rose
growing in the meadows ; , the anemone; —
— gtdi pa-posh, An artificial rose adorning
a slipper or shoe guli par si, A very red
and fragrant rose ; — guli piydda, Any flower
that grows on a small plant ; wild flowers ;
— guli tdbut, Roses placed upon a coffin or
bier ; — guli tar, A fresh rose ; the cheek or
hand of the fair sex ; — guli tiryak, The
poppy-flower ; — guli tasbih, The Imam or
leader of prayer ; — guli ja'fari, Tagetes
patula ; — guli jang, A rose sent to an adver-
sary as a sign of challenge; — guli chirdf/h,
The snuff of a candle ;— guli chashm, A
cataract ;— guh hajar, Fire ; — guli hazrati,
Persian meadow-saffron ; — guli halwd, A
yellow rose of sweet taste, made use of in
confectionery ; a confiture, a confection ; —
guli khitmi, Marshmallows flower ; — guli
khftird (khairii), Chinese and Persian holly-
hock, Althea rosea ; — gul dddan, To produce
roses or flowers ; — guli dd'udi, Chrysanthe-
mum indicum ; daisy ; — guli dar db an-
ddkhtan (kardan), To cause trouble and
disturbance (in allusion to a nosegay which
had dropped from the hand of a king's
daughter into a brook, and wrought mis-
chief in the heart of a prince, to whom it
was carried by the wavelets) ; — guli dirakht,
The barberry blossom ; — guli dil-rang, The
rose of two colours (pale yellow and red) ; —
guli du ru (du-dtish), Moss-rose (?) ; — guli
ra'na, A sort of rose, yellow within and
red without ; — guli mrdi falak. The sun ; —
guli surkh, A red rose ; — guli safed, A fra-
grant white rose ; — guli suwdr, A rose on its
stalk, together with others or with buds; —
guli sang, Lichen ; — guli suranjdn, Flower
of the hermodactyl-plant, Colchicum illyri-
cum ; — guli surl, A remarkably beautiful
and odoriferous Persian rose ; — guli susan,
A lily ; — guli shah-bo, Tuberose (so called
from its giving forth scent in the night
only); — gul shudan, To become manifest;
to arrive at the summit of greatness ; —
gul shuguft, The secret has become public ;
something fresh has occurred ; — guli
sham', The snuff of a candle ; — guli subh,
The morning-dawn; — guli sad-barg, The
hundred-leaved rose, (met.) the sun; — guli
sad-bargi dsmdn, The world-illuminating
sun ; — guli tarra, Poinciana pulcherrima; —
guli 'abbds, Name of a plant, Marvel of
Peru ; — guli 'ajd'ib, The flower Hibiscus
mutabilis; — gul firistddan, To send a chal-
lenge, to pi-ovoke an adversary ; — guli
farang, The flower Vinca Rosea j — guli

( 1098 )

qubru8i, A Cyprus rose ; — guli quhba, A red
and yellow rose ; — guli ledchira (hajila), A
kind of saffron-flower used for dyeing ; —
guli kdgjnzl, Artificial flowers ; — gul kar-
dan, To extinguish, to snuff (a candle) ;
to become apparent, manifest ; — guli kafsh,
= guli pa-posh q.v. ; — guli kuza, A wild
rose; — guli kuehti, = guli jang q.v. above ;
— gulgiriftan, To snuff a candle ; — gul gufti,
Thou hast spoken well ; — guli goristdw, The
camomile; — guli gill, A particular species of
rose ; — guli makhmal, Globe amaranth ; —
guli miahlcin, Narcissus ; — guli mukarrar,
Syrup of roses ; — guli mah-tab, The shadow
falling in moonlight from the leaves of
trees ; a rose blooming at night (in India) ;
— guli mizan, The planet Venus (as pre-
siding over the Sign Libra, opp. to khari
'aqrab, q.v. under jk) ; — guli mind, Christ-
mas-daisy ; — guli nasrln. The wild rose,
dog-rose ; eglantine ; — guli nishat, Grape-
wine ; — gul nishdndan, To plant roses or
flowers; — guli nosh. Name of a musical
tone ; — gul wd-kardan, To divulge a secret ;
— guli hazdra, The double-poppy, Papaver-
rhceas ; — guli hangdma, — guli jang, q.v.
above ; — Mch gul bl-khdr nist, There is no
rose without a thorn ; — guli yak-chashm, (in
the language of Sodomites) The penis; —
guli vusuf, The anemone.

v>S» gildb, Clay and water; — guldb, Rose-
water; julap; construed with the verbs
afehandan, anddkhtan, bur dan, pdshidan,
chakidan, rehhtan, zadan, siturdan, kashl-
dan, giriftan, &c. ; — guldhi chashm, Tears.

qj 3 ^ guldbatun-doz, A maker of
braids, braider ; (for guldbatun - dokhta)
braided.

jui> sj&S" gtddb-path, A bottle for sprin-
kling rose-water ; a rose-water bottle, gene-
rally of silver or gold.

CjW&S" guldbddn, A vessel for rose-water.

yj s->^" gulnb-san, A bottle for sprinkling
rose-water, &c. (= J^i v^q.v.).

i^gil-dba, Plastering, cementing.

guldbi, Rose-colour ; a flagon ; a
kind of sweetmeat ; a kind of pear ; a
maker of rose-water.

t?Sguldj, A Persian cake of flour, honey,
and Besame-oil; a delicate confectionary
made of starch and eggs.

jL-il JS" gul-afadr, A silver or gold adorn-
ment in the shape of a rose on a horse-
bridle.

ylitf jf gul-afshdn, Scattering roses ;
strewed with flowers ; a sprinkler ; a kind
of firework.

•d'&S gulak, The coldest day in winter and
its rigour (doubtful word).

Ufte guldguna, A red paint for the face.
gul-dgln, Full of roses or flowers ; —
guUdgin kardan, (met.) To fill to the brim.

h JW guldl, A red powder used for dye-
ing. V

SlJ J^ gil-dluda, Bedaubed with clayj
turbid.

guldla, A shirt ; a long lock of hair
hanging loose; a bunch of flowers; a
nosegay.

guldn, A kind of cake fried in butter
and eaten with syrup ; shaking a carpet or
skirt of a garment; (pi. of gul) roses.

JS" gul-ctnddz, The distance to which a
rose or flower can be thrown (said to be
affected or artificial Persian, but a Persian
may find it useful in the Riviera and its
battle of flowers).

(_s)^a>\ J? gil-anddzl, An embankment of
earth with a ditch, for confining water on
the lands, and to serve as a reservoir.

»\m\ J? gul-anddm, Slender, graceful,
delicate.

W-^^ guldndan, To strew, to scatter.

CjA^iW gulanidan, To shake (a carpet or
the skirts of one's garment) ; to scatter.

gildwa, Prepared clay ; clay-mortar ;
dirt, mud.

5^ galdh, Black ; anything with black-
ness in it ; surname of Shaikh Zin'ud-din
'Ali.

jW^ gulbdr, Name of a city near Isfahan.
}4 gul-bdz, Playing with roses or
flowers.

<S>^ gul-bdzi, Change of colour.

£W J? aul-bdaL Paradise.

fX-^S gulbdrn, A loud shout or noise made
by a concourse of mendicants or travellers ;
the noise of a kettle-drum ; construed with
the verbs buland ghudan, bar-zadan, zadan,
kashldan, &c.

<js£>Wlf gulbdng, The note of the nightin-
gale ; sound ; fame, rumour; a loud shout ;
the war-cry of " Allah ! Allah ! "

o-A? galbat, A large boat or ship.

^Ajjr gul-badan, With a body like a rose
(epithet of a mistress) ; a kind of silken
cloth.

csJpJtf gul-barg, A roBe-leaf ; a mistress ;
the lip (of a mistress) ; — gul-barg khd'idan,
To nibble rose-leaves, (met.) to kiss.

&y*& gulbargah, A place in the Deccan.

jSJuAS gul-ba-shakar, Conserve of roses.

y-A^ gul-bun, A rose-bush ; the root of
a rose-tree ; the foot of a tree.

gulbang, The noise of a drum.

roses

M gul ba shakar, Conserve of

JLrf gul-btd, Name of a tree otherwise
called pala (see p. 255 and J»\ J?).

yt-^S gal-bez (biz), A sieve; [gal-bez kar~
dan, To sift corn (m.c.) ;] — gul-bez, Scat-
tered rose-leaves.

O^y*' gulpdyagdn, Name of a city in
Persian Iraq.

ls^.j^IS' gul-paraet, A worshipper (ad-
mirer) of roses or flowers.

v>j> J* gul-posh, Adorned with roses or
flowers.

( 1094 )

gul-piydda, A kind of inodorous
rose; a wild flower; any flower that grows
on a small plant.

ij\ J* gul-palaek, Name of a tree (=

vs\?*t J* gul-perdy, A gardener, horticul-
turist.

gul-pirahan, Covered or adorned
with rosea or flowers.

u^lr*^ gul-tardsh. Snuffers.
*i£«lS' gittang, Viscous clay.

& gul-jabin, With rosy brow.
,*Af J? gul-chashm, Troubled with al-
bugo.

t)^V J? gul-chiMn, The flower of the
Bassia lati folia.

t)^ J* gul-chag&n, A kind of firework ;
—gul-chigdn, Name of a tree.

*^ galcha, A magpie ; — gilcha, A quail ;
— gvlcha, A small rose or flower, a floweret,
floret.

_rw- J 5 gul-chihr, ipi>- Jf gul-chihra, Name
of the mistress of Aurang.

t>*t gul-chin, Gathering roses or
flowers ; a gardener ; name of a certain
woman.

J* gul-chini, The gathering of roses
or flowers; a kind of flower, the Cbina-
rose (?).

r«M«<f'')» Rosy-

*lf gala, A wrinkle.

'gul-lch&r, The flower of the Solanum
jacquini ; the colour of it.

J u J* gul-bhal. Spotted ; flowered.
6* Ma/, A round lump of dough.

gul-khan, The fire-place in a bath ;
stove, furnace ; a dust-bin.

(^1? guljehan-tab, One who lights the
furnaceB of baths.

gulkhan-tabi. The heating of a
stove or furnace.

^yUfeli' gul-£4am, Who lights the fire-place
in a bath ; a bath-keeper,
i^jafcl* - gulhhocha, Tickling.
jj*- <rii-£Ayw, A chalk-eater ; one who
swallows the dust (of battle), a warrior; —
gul-ihwur, A horse's halter.

iJ' 1 )^ J^S** kkipurdaw, Eatable chalk.
jUiS giUddr, Full of clay ; — gul-ddr, Pos-
sessing roses ; a rose-garden ; spotted ;
flowered.

/A-* J*" gul~dam, A small net; a net.

gulddn, A flower-pot ; a vase,
us^s-jjif gtd-dirakM, A rose-bush; bar-
berry.

ii-jif gul-daeta, A handful of roses ; a
nosegay ; a minaret whence people are
called to prayer.

(* J ^gul-dum, ("rose-tail") A shrike or
Indian bulbul (from having a rose-like
patch under its tail).

J* gul-doz, Embroidered or printed
with roses or flowers.

J* gul-dozi, Embroidery imitating

flowers.

tj* gul-rvifth
cheeked.

J*" gul-rakJiBh, Name of Rustam's

steed.

a UcjlS" gwl-ra'nd, A beautiful, delicate-
scented rose ; rouge with which ladies
paint their cheeks ; a bed of roses in full
blow.

*s6) J? gul-rang, Rose-coloured, roseate.

)) gul-ru, Rosy-faced, red-faced, ruddy.

^jjjIS' gul-ruy, Rosy-faced, ruddy, having
a blooming complexion ; a mistress, sweet-
heart.

ij>) gul-ru'i, Rosy-facedness.

f-P gvl-rez, yljjj Jf gul-rezan, Scattering
roBes or flowers ; a kind of silken stuff j a
kind of fire- work.

j\^S gilzdr, Clay, mud ; a miry place ;—
gulzar, A garden of roses; a flourishing
and well-populated town ; blooming, flour-
ishing; name of a note in music.

ey*)J gul-zaryun, Name of a city and
river in Turkistan.

jL. ^gil-saz, A worker in clay.

iS galast, Dead-drunk.
(jjuu-Ls gulistdn, gul-zitdn, A rose-garden;
a flower-garden ; a celebrated Persian
book in j^rose and verse, by Shaikh Sa'dl
Muslihu 'd-dinash' Shirazi (born /l.d. 1175,
died a.d. 1291) ; construed with the verbs
rehhtan, shiguftan, /cardan, &c.
fz~J$ gulistii, A flower-garden.

gul-surkh. A red flower; the world-
illuminating sun. (See guli eurkh under

QfJS guhun, A net in which women con-
fine their hair ; a string of pearls with which
women adorn their foreheads.

gil-shdh, King of the earth; name
of the first monarch of the Peshdadian
dynasty, called also Kayumars ; Adam ; — ■
guWhdh, Name of the mistress of Warqah.

y&Af gul-shakar, gul-shalcarl, Con-

serve of roses.

guUhan, A rose or flower-garden; a
bed of roses or flowers ; a delightful spot ;
a place where a person enjoys himself ; a
pleasure-palace ; florid, cheerful, agreeable ;
— gulshani qude, The highest heaven; —
gulshan iardan, To recreate or amuse one-
self ; to sing, diiuce, and be happy ; — gul-
shani nilufarl, The cerulean flower-garden,
heaven, the sky.

(jH^ gulshan-dray, A gardener, hor-
ticulturist.

gulshan-sardyt A garden pa-
lace.

) } yh (fSAS gulehan-faraz, A gardener (who
plants roses).

a^L yniif gulthan-tir&z, A gardener,
horticulturist.

ytifgihhu, A depilatory used in baths.

iJAS gil-shah, King Kayumars ; Adam;
— yulshah, Name of the mistress of Warqah.

( 1095 )

J*

jie*M gulshahr, Name of the wife of Piran
Wisa, commander of the forces of Afras-
yab.

fcH>** Jf gil-ehlrln, Of good birth, of
noble origin.

a } \i^S gul-'izdr, Kosy-cheeked.

a <-f gul-'ushr, Ten verses of the
Qur'au written on paper within a circular
line for children learning the alphabet
(see yi^y* p. 675).

gul-gJiicha, Tickling (see gul-
ghincka, and i^HS),

gilgMar, An architect ; — gulgkar, A
fine down or wool, combed from the roots
of a species of goat bred in Tibet, of which
shawls are made.

'V* 1 * gul-g&incha, Tickling ; — gul-gkun-
cha, A rose-bud ; a red paint for the face,
rouge, fard.

gulp&anda, Cotton ready for spin-
ning.

»a>j*1S' gulghunda, A ball of cotton ready
for spinning ; a fat, lazy, sluggish fellow.

gulghuna, Paint for the face, fard ;
natural or artificial ruddiness of the face,
gulg]ticha, Tickling.
gulaf, A red flower resembling a
rose (unsupported by examples).

f\AS gul-fdm, Of a rose-colour; rose-like ;
(met.) a mistress.

yUiif gul-fishan, Scattering roses ; agree-
able, pleasant.

gul-fishani, The scattering of
roses or flowers.

i^i-^S gulfahshang, Water which petri-
fies in the form of icicles.

a ■iJiiS gul-qand, Candied conserve of
roses ; — gul-qandi 'asali, Conserve of roses
made with honey.

gulak (dim. of gul), A little rose ; a
floweret ; a satire, lampoon, abuse ; a red-
dish sort of gum ; — gulaM andr, A pome-
granate-flower ; — gulak bastani dtlsh, The
blazing up of fire ; — gulak ssadan, To lam-
poon, to satirize.

jUU gil-kdr, A worker in clay ; a potter.
gil-kdri, A working in clay ; [gil-
kdrl kardan, To work in clay ;] — gul-kdri,
Flowering ; flower-painting ; figured work,
embroidery ; a flower-garden (m.c).

gul-kdma, The sediment which
remains in manufacturing roBe-water, and
which is used for dyeing.

fr&f gulkaj, A lump of dough.

y& $ guLkadu, Name of a tree (= ■\n^
q.v.).

gulkunda, Q-olconda (in India).
J? gul-kubl, A walk in a garden in
spring-time.

tsr^ gil-huy, Mud in the street.

J3" gul-kiri, A very fragrant kind of
flower growing on a tree resembling a
palm-tree (= q-v.).
\J~i& gul-kesh, The cocks-comb flower.

gul-gaja, Certain ceremonies or-
dained to be performed upon infants.

is.Mfa£lf gul-gasht, A pleasant place for
walking or recreation, especially blooming
with roses and other flowers ; an evening
walk ; construed with the verbs zadan and
kardan ; — gul-gashii musalla, The rose-walk
of the Oratory, a charming place near Shiraz.

J* gal-gal, A. very acid kind of citron; —
gulgul, Name of an Arabian gum, bdellium ;
many roses ; in full bloom, with many
blossoms; — gul-gul shiguftan (kardan), To
abound in flowers or blossoms.

p&S gil gandum, Name of a medicinal
root.

&mS J* gul-ganda. Name of a malodorous
plant, which women render sweet, and eat
in order to become fat.

(jjU-jjSlf gul-goristdn, A fungus (see also
guli goristdn under JS).

ijf JS" gul-gvli, A walk in a garden in
spring.

OASIS' gul-gun, Of a vermilion colour;
paint for the face ; a goblet of wine ; a
bright bay horse, especially one belonging
to Shirin, the mistreBS of Farbad; — sheri
guUgun, A tawny lion.

tfz uj^tf gulgun-ckarkji (gulguni charkJi ?) ,
The sky.

M^iS gul-guna, Cosmetic ; rosy-cheeked ;
rose-coloured ; construed with the verbs
dludan, bastan, dadan, zadan, kardan, kaihi-
dan, gushiidan,&c. ; — gul-guna'i adimi ddam,
An epithet of Muhammad ; — gtd-guna'i
charkh, The after-glow following sunset.

fs&$ gul-gir, Snuffers.

*J3 JS gul-ldla, The anemone ; the tulip j
the red poppy.

<Saa "* \fi gul-lahana, Cauliflower.

galmij, galmuj, The fin of a fish. -

j+W gulmar, Name of a fragrant flower j
a kind of arrow-head.

galmuzh, A species of lizard.

ijs>^*" gulamueh, A species of the willow.
giUmuhra, A ball of clay for a
crosB-bow; the terrestrial globe ; man.

f~s*M> gul-mekh, A large-headed, rose-
shaped nail fixed in gates ; a spike-nail,
tent-pin ; a stud, tack.

j^S gulndr (for guli andr), Pomegranate-
flowers ; sour cherry ; — gulndri pdrsi, Name
of a very bright-coloured red rose.

y/; ;Ldf gulndr-chihr, With a face like the
pomegranate-flower.

Ujf jUIS gulnar-gun. Of the colour of the
pomegranate -flower.

(jjUlS gulndri, gulndri-rang, Of

the colour of the pomegranate-flower ; car-
nation-coloured.

yUji \i JS" gul-nd-farmdn, A violet.

tdUS" gilndk, Muddy, miry, clayey (place) ;
— gilndk, gulndk, A fortification, a castle or
fortress ; — gulndk, A rose-garden ; a flower-
bed.

( 1096 )

8 *<W gulanda, A -woman of bad character.

i^ij^-iiS gul-nasrin, Camomile-flowers.

a tr~*> J* gtd-nafsi, A sweet smelly plea-
sant conversation.

fc h ,..»£v K </w£an<)'w&i«, A conserve of roses
made with honey.

\+dS gul-namd, Kaleidoscope (ui.c).

p gulu, gala, The neck, gullet, throat;
the wind-pipe ; the voice ; — gulu para har-
dan, To shout with a loud voice ; — gulu
roehan kardan, To hem, to clear the throat ;
— gula giri/tan, To strangle ; — guluyi a$y&,
The hopper of a mill ; — guluyi aurkh, The
gullet ; — guluyi lab giriftan, To silence ; —
ba-gulu furo burdan, dar gulu burdan, To
swallow ; deglutition.

4 *~»jU' gulu-basta, Silent.

•w» jlS" gulu-band, A neckcloth ; a neck-
lace; a cloth worn by women on their
head, and fastened under the chin, to keep
their head-dress from being stained by the
unguent or pomatum of the hair ; a small
rectangular plate of gold (studded with
gems) worn on the throat.

J£ gulu-banda, A grown lad ; a glut-
ton.

*» >fS gulu-tdh, A kind of cornered cap for
children, lined with cotton, and tied under
the chin ; a fillet ; a cap for women or girls.
guluch, A wink with the eye.
guludan, To fill.
JJ Jp gul-warak, A thorn in bloom
(m.c.).

galuz, A filbert;
mountain -almond .

if* ^ gulil-soz, Very sweet (lit.
the throat, i.e. rendering thirsty).

^■^A gulu-firo-dmadagi, A catarrh
in the throat.
jUi gulu-jishdr, A necklace.
8 ^ gulu-gdh, The seat of the throat,
the throat.

JtS gulu-giriftagi, Hoarseness.
4**jS £5 guht-girifta, Throttled ; hoarse,
gruff.

j£ gulu-girifia-dwdz, Hoarse-
voiced.

jiS £S gulu-glr, Suffocating, throttling ;
sour or unsavoury food, which sticks in the
throat and is digested with difficulty ; un-
able to speak (from any affection of the
throat) ; a wild or choke-pear ; an accuser.

dJyLs qul&la, A reel ; a ball of thread ; a
stone for a cross-bow or balista, a bullet ;
— gulala'i to^n, A cannon-ball; a shot; —
gnlula zadan, To fire off (a gun, &c).

tSjVj iijlf gulala-ldzi, Game of bowls ;
game at nine- pins.

£>U£ galula-haman, A pellet-bow.

•Ujlf galwand, Anything sent as a pre-
sent, especially a composition of nuts and
figs ; name of a mountain.

mfS galwanda, The composition de-
scribed in the preceding article.

pistachio-nut ; a
burning

gulwa, The mouth of an oven,
gala, galla, A flock, herd, bevy ; a
crowd, heap; a till; — gila, A complaint,
lamentation, reproach, blame; a pass be-
tween two hills ; a single grape ; [gila
kardan, To complain ;] — aula, A cannon,
musket, or cross-bow ball; a cotton.reel ;
a' cotton-pod ; a ringlet, a curl ; — gitlla, A
swallow, a martinet; an arbour, bower,
projecting roof ; an awning; hair collected
together ; — gulla'i murgkan, Tapestry em-
broidered with every kind of bird ; a sha-
dow cast by an immense flight of birds.

t)^ 4lT gala-ban, A pastor, shepherd,
keeper.

Als galabdm,' Pastoral care.
i\S gala-dost, A cough, a sore throat.

isjfe galahri, A squirrel (see <4r*^)*

a Sj^ii iiS gila-sMkwa, Complaint.

«a* i^j£af gila-karda-shuda, Complained
of, complained against.

415 gala-gdh, A lodging-room in an
inn ; a parlour.

a tgjW gila-guzdri, Complaining, a
complaint.

it^iiS gilamand, Complaining; a corn-
plainer.

^gj^tilf gilamandl, Murmur, complaint.

^>y» ii^ gula-mush, A kind of willow.

ty^S" gilhun, A clod, &c. (= fcj^q.v.).

<J£ gilt, Earthen, made of clay.

*tps>& gukcha, A sob ; the hiccough ; the
sun or moon's disc ; a small round cake.

)e>Z aillz, galiz, Spittle, saliva, slaver,
drivel,

guligdn, JTame of a malodorous

plant.

giligar. Maker of mortar, worker in

clay.

gilim, A garment made of goats'
hair or wool ; a carpet or rug to lie down
upon ; a blanket ; — gilim az db bar-dwardan
(birun dwardan, birun burdan), gilim ax
darya (az eiydhi) birun dwardan, gilim az
mauj birun burdan, gilim birun dwardan,
To escape, to obtain freedom ; — gilim dar
db afgandan, To rush into danger.

a gul-yamin, Having the right

hand full of roses or flowers.

jiji f » a K gilim-posh, Clad in a gilim ; a
pauper; a medicine.

gilim-sMy, A scourer of cloths ;
pearl-ash, lye ; root chdbdk ushndn.

yUyT gilim-goshdn, (pi.) A race of
men whose ears are so large that one serves
them for a mattress, and the other as a
counterpane.

($<i£ gilin, Made of clay or mud, clayey.
gilin-guy, The terrestrial globe.

qjJS galyiin, A kind of stuff of seven
colours.

(fgum, Lost, wanting, missing ; absent,
invisible; wandering, distracted, con-
founded ;— gum zadan, To hide oneself, to

( 1053 )

Jul*

kumb, Cassia fistularis ; the city of

Kum.

kambamdan, To incline.
kanabi, kinibt, A bee.

a a\j)^sS kanab-ddna, Hemp-seed.

yft& hamhur, Fraud, deceit.

tjftii kambiira, Fraud, deceit; usury;
according to others speaking and hearing,
tumult, clamour.

QAfjpyii kambwrldan, To defraud, deceive.
kanaka, Raw thread.

8jjfi£ karnboza, =■ *jf+>^ (J. v.

kimbahn. Seed of turpentine ; juni-
per-berries.

yA«"i£ kambidan, To draw (a thing) from
a place and take it away ; — kumbidan, To
rise up ; to ascend ; to leap.

iys^S kumbiza, A species of cucumber ;
an unripe melon.

a kannai, The wife of a son or of a
brother ; — kinnat, A veil or any similar
cohering ; a shade, umbrella ; — kv.nv.at, A
pent over a doorway or projecting from a
wall ; a bench in front or at the top of a
house.

kint, Name of a city (see J^).

y>£ kinaiil, Seed of the Falma Christi.

g£ kanj, The uvula ; a vain, foolish fel-
low ; saying, telling; coagulated milk;
drawn out ; chosen ; the little toe ; — kinj,
A hugh, powerful, formidable elephant ; —
kunj, A comer, nook ; a narrow street, con-
fined place ; a bower ; a grove ; a subter-
raneous excavation ; wrinkle, plait ; bent
double, crooked, hump-bacted; — kunji
chcuhm, The inner corner of the eye.

kunjdr, >jlvt£ kunjara, Jl^Uf kunjdl,
ii\j*tf kunjdla, Sediment, dregs, caput mor-
tuum, remains of anything squeezed.

yijl^aS kunjayish, = u^iW^ q.v.

kunjudy The grain sesame ; rape-
seed.

kunjudak, Ht^X kunjada, kunjida,
kunjuda, A kind of gum, aarcooolla, flesh-
glue ; bezoar-stone ; a freckle, a mole ; —
kunjada, Sediment, drugs, remains of any-
thing squeezed ; caput mortuum.

kinjar, A large, stout, wild ele-
phant.

fe~i ) kinjar u pinjar, Pinching.
utlAjfji' kunjishk, kunjaehk, A sparrow (see

gr* kunj-ehunj, A subterraneous pas-
sage, a mine ; the undermining of a wall ;
a covered way ; a ditch.

>*X^j£ kanjak, A tree called pathshatf&al,
having a thick, smooth stem and dense
foliage ; — kunjak, A curiosity of any kind,
whatever is new and excites admiration.

g** kinj kinj, Little, smalt ; by little
and little.

J<*»^ kunjul, Anything contracted, shrunk
up, or wrinkled; the hand or foot with
tns fingers or toes contracted ; bread which,

by accident, has fallen into the embers of
the oven.

«£U^£ kunjtilak, Wrinkle, fold, plait.

kunj-lunj, Full of folds and

wrinkles.

;j<*^ kunjiir, Treasure ; — kanjwar, Trea-
surer.

kuvja, An ass whose lower jaw is
swollen ; an uss that has lost his tail.

±t&r>S kunjid, Sesame-seed.

iJ-a^i kunjida, Oil-cake, the husks of
seeds, after the oil has been expressed.

gii' ~S kinch kinch, = ^ jrfS q.v.
kuncha, — q.v.

£^ kanakfi. Sour milk thickened by
straining off the whey.

u^ssiS kanaUhf, The water of a sword- blade.

^ kand, Hemp ; sugar ; a wound ; a
pick-axe ; flight ; a village ; name of a
village in Turkistiin whence they bring the
best almonds ; — kind, Name of a city (see
tj^S) ; — kund, Dull, blunt ; a stupid man,
blockhead; dolt; a blunt sword or knife-,
anything unsaleable, not fetching its
value ; bold, brave, strong ; wise, learned,
sage ; a philosopher; a fetter, clog ; stocks ;
penis ; the testicles (see ±iS) ; — kund shu-
dani bazar, The being dull of the market ;
— kund namvdan, To be set on edge (teeth) ;
to be dull, benumbed.

A JuS' kand (v.n.), Cutting.

\^u£ kundd, kandd, Learned, wise ; a
philosopher, prophet, soothsayer; bold,
warlike ; — kundd, Name of a painter.

jS\jjS kanddgar, A carver, engraver ; —
kunddgar, Learned, wise ; brave, bold.

( _ SJ S'ljiii' kanddgari, Carving, engraving.

fof\Aj£ kundamoya, The hair a child is
born with ; the small yellow plumage on
young birds.

<si}^M£ kunddwdla, Tall, corpulent, ro-
bust ; a fat, ugly, ill-formed, beardless
youth.

kunddwar, Brave, bold, valiant,
courageous, warlike ; a hero, champion ;
wise, learned.

ijj^XiS kund&wari, Heroism, valour ; an
heroic exploit.

Ails. jjS kand-khana. Depressed, humble;
a small basket ; a bed or sleeping-place.

a ^jAj ajS kand-zihn, Dull of intellect,
obtuse.

a ^ kand-zihm, Dullness of com-

prehension, obtuseness, stupidity.

jjjii kandar, A town, city ; name of a
city in Khuriisan ; (for hi andar) who or
which (is) in ; — kandur, An earthen vessel
in which wheat and bread are put ; —
kundur (Q. x<»Spos), Mastic ; name of a
Slavonic king, ally of Afrasiyab ; — kunduri
rumi. Mastic.

a. kandar, A species of astrological
calculation, borrowed from the Greek ; —
kundur, A dwarf ; a short, thick-set man

±6 ( 1054 )

a stout ass; frankincense; a kind of juni-
per-gum used for medicinal purposes.
kundurak, Mastic.

» m£ lcnnd-rav, kund-rau, Walking with
a amp, limping ; halting (fortune) ; [kund-
rav sJiudan, To vanish;] — kundru (better
also kund-rav), Name of the vazir of Zah-
hak; mastic (see the preceding article).

C^jji hundaruj, j^ajS' kunduruz, A bee-
hive.

<J>^Ai£ kandamsh, Hillocky, hilly ground,
ijxi£ Ifcindara, Name of a small water-
bird.

ja^ kun-diz, An old fortress ; an old
palace or upper room ; name of a city
built by F aridun in Turan ; — kunduz, Name
of a city built by Jamshed.

yVji aiS kund-zabdn, A stammerer.

jjJVjj Xii kund-zabanl, An impediment or
hesitation in speaking, stammering.

y».ui Hndig, A magpie (see A. \J>a>S).

a u »aa£' kundns, A certain root, black
without, yellow within, and a sternutatory
in medicine.

kundusa, Glasswort.

J^x^Z kandush, kundish,A lump of cotton
prepared for spinning ; a stick for winding
cotton upon ; glasswort.

a J^xiS kundwh, A magpie; name of a
sternutative medicine.

_,j>U kand-ihdpur, Name of a city.
^ kund-fahm, Dull of intellect.

(^^H,! x£ kund-fahml, Dulness of intellect.

t*).xi£ kundak, Bread broken in pieces.

oSaiS Icandag, A ditch, a moat (see J-*^-).

\J*<f> kund-goeh, Hard of hearing,
deafish.

kandagi, Sculpture, engraving; a

ditch.

Q^AiS kandulan, kundaldn, A sort of tent.

iix>S kundula, Anything surrounded and
brought together.

Ai^AiS kandmand, A house in ruins.

qaiS kandan (S. khan), To dig ; to pluck,
estract, tear up, root out, extirpate ; to
raze (the foundations of a house) ; to skin,
peel, unbark ; to carve, engrave ; to sepa-
rate; to gather; to flee; to be entangled,
embroiled; — bar-kandan, To dig, to uproot,
extract, tear out (see also j») ; — bar-
kanda-qadr, Low, vile, abject ; — ba-shatniher
jan ax bar bar-kandan, To kill with the
sword ; — dardi dil kandan, To allay one's
Borrow ; — s% toman ddd&n-rd jdn ml-kanad,
At (the idea of) giving thirty toman he
breaks his heart (m.c.) ; — zi-bun bar-kandan,
To eradicate ; — si-bzjsh bar-kandan, To tear
out a tree by the roots ; — kandani jdn (dil),
Giving up the ghost ; death-agony.

yxtf kandu, kunda. (S. kunda), A vessel
made of clay, in which grain is kept ; a
bee-hive ; — kundu, A demon of the woods.

aMj-ui" kundttidla, Firm, robust, and tall
(man) ; an ugly, ill-made, beardless youth.

a kanduj (from. P. kandu) , A
clay vessel in which grain is kept.

<sjW yisS kandu-khana, A vessel in which
the butter is separated from the churned
milk ; a small-basket ; a beehive.

)} &t£ kundur, Mastic (unsupported by
examples, but see yuS kundur).

Sy.ui' kandiira, A large table ; a linen or
leathern cover for a table, a table-cloth.

kanduri, A leathern cover for a
table ; a napkin ; a feast held in honour of
Fatima, of which only women (and those
the most virtuous) can partake, no male
ever being permitted to see the food dressed
on this occasion and set apart for an offer-
ing to the Prophet's daughter; name of a
gourd.

) } x>S kundoz, A large needle.

jS.jjoS' kandosh, A stony, rough, difficult
road ; the wages of a day's labour ; daily
pay ; mastic, white resin ; — kvndosn, A
poisonous weed.

itfJjjui' kunduk, A shop ; a capacious jar
made of clay, in which grain is laid up for
future use.

<^}£ j a>S kand-u-kob, Disquiet, unsteadi-
ness.

ii } ixi kundula, A basket, a jar for holding
grain ; broken pottery.

yt-jujjtt^ kundwidadar, Testicles of a
beaver.

sjoS' kanda, Digged, excavated ; engraved,
carved ; a ditch round fortified towns,
gardens, or fields ; a fosse, moat ; a mound,
dyke; any hollow place made as a shelter
for travellers ; a fold for cattle cut out at
the foot of a mountain ; an old man or
woman ; misfortune ; inconvenient ; of a
bad disposition ; [kanda' i chahdrband, The
world ; — kanda'i hezam, A wood-cutter ;] —
kunda, The stocks for offenders, a kind of
clog or wooden fetters for captives ; Btump
of a tree ; a butcher's chopping-block ; a
shoemaker's cutting-board ; stock of a
gun ; a wooden gun (used by Taw Tecruits) ;
wing (of a bird) ; arm (of a paper kite) ; a
piece or patch (in trousers) ; curd ; a fool,
blockhead, man of dull understanding ; a
robust, beardless youth ; a demon of the
woods ; anything brayed in a mortar ; the
silken bands with which a. falcon's wings
are confined when travelling ; his collar
and fastenings of bells to his legs ; a fal-
coner's cage ; a potter's wheel ; a stable ;
massive (= kund) ; — kunda bar pd'i Jchwesh
zad, He has injured himself; — kunda'i tir
khwurda* Experienced, versed in worldly
matters.

j-j sjo^ kanda-pir, An old woman.
djU. ixsi kanda- khaya, Ruptured ; cas-
trated.

^ ixsf kanda-ruy, A table-cloth or
towel.

j£ kanda'kdr, An engraver, carver,

Jo* ( 1055 )

sculptor; engraved, carved (as seal-rings
or sword-hilts).

jjjtf iA>S kanda-kdri, Engraving, sculp-
ture.

jSSsaaS' handagar, A carver, engraver.

^jStJjS kandagari, Engraving ; — kanda-
garl l-ardan, To grave, to carve.

iMi Jcanda-moy, The down upon a
new-hatched bird.

^ 6ajS hmda-wash, A stony road.

iteS kanda-henam. Wood felled upon
the mountains ; the stocks.

^juS' kandi, Name of a flower (Pandanus
odoratissimus) ; — kundi, Dulness, hebetude,
stupidity; — kundi'i bind'i, Dimness of sight;
— leundi'i danddn, The stupor of the teeth
from eating anything acid.

yAjjAtf kandidan, To dig, or cause to dig.

JjjuS" kindil, A noose for strangling; —
hindili lease kardan, To strangle a person ;
to take from by violence, to put the screw
on.

J* kanar, <y£ kanara, Canara in India.

Ayf kanz (v.n.), Treasuring, storing,
hoarding, laying up ; putting anything
into a case or repository ; store ; treasure
(especially gold or silver buried in the
ground) ; — htnuz (pi. of kindz), Girls firm
of flesh.

Jcanaz, That part of the stem of a
bunch of dates which joins the tree.

\y£ kanza, Wise, learned, philosophic ; a
herb or flower which grows spontaneously.

a leans (v.n.), Sweeping, cleaning; —
leunvs, kunnae (pi, of kinds), Coverts of
deer ; — Jeunnaa, The seven planets ; accord-
ing to others, five erratic stars.

«■>■- <t kanast, kunist, A fire-temple.

y '. j* " kanastH, An alkaline herb for wash-
ing.

\54 J*~~tf kimeel-datd, Council of state
(m.c, from Fr. conseil d'etat).

a (jtA^ kansh, A plaiting or flouncing of
the fringe of a garment ; a softening of
the dentifrice miswdk.

leanish, A digging, plucking up ;
\Jdn-kanish, Agony of death (see oW);]
— kurmh, Action, operation, business ;
custom, habit, manner, disposition ; a cri-
minal ; a Christian church ; a Jewish syna-
gogue ; a fire-temple,

us-iuS" kunisht, A fire-temple ; a Jew's
synagogue ; a pig-Bty ; profession, occupa-
tion; — bad-kunisht, Malignant, villainous.

ji&jf kanashta, An alkaline herb with
which they wash clothes ; unripe grapes ;
rubbish.

dysJuS kanaahiuk, An alkaline herb for
washing clothes.

««XAji kinishk, A throbbing pain ; a wound
from an arrow.

)\£-t~£ kunish-gdr, kunishmand,
Who performs a work or action, a worker,
an operator.

kunishn, An act, work ; a fire-
temple ; a Jew's synagogue ; a pig-sty.
kanshti, Unripe grapes.

a W kanz (v.n.), Afflicting, grieving,
annoying, oppressing (any matter or busi-
ness) ; filling.

a fi>S kin'. The greater part of the night
elapsed, a third remaining ; root, origin ; a
gate ; — kun' (pi. of akna'), Disabled in the
arms by fracture or dislocation ; unequal
to any business ; — kana' (v.n.), Being con-
tracted (fingers) ; — kani', Broken with age,
wrinkled.

JW£ kan'til, A falcon raising his head
and body when he eyes his prey ; a dangler
after women (see J^AtS", J^, and J^),
Greedy of prey.

a y kan'dn, Canaan.

a kan'ani, Of or belonging to Ca-

naan, a Canaanite.

kingli, The matter which hardens in
the comer of the eye.

JlAtf kingiM, A wencher : — kunghtil, An
interview in private between friends.

ii\ki£ kang^dla. Whoredom ; a matrimo-
nial suit ; a whore ; a request, wish ; a
miser ; a whoremonger ; avarice ; a hero ;
name of a mountain in Khurasan.

a UuX kanf (v.n.), Guarding, preserving,
protecting, aiding, assisting; making an
enclosure for cattle ; constructing a privy
or a sewer; — kinf, A shepherd's scrip; a
bag in which a trader puts up smaller com-
modities; — kunf (pi. of kanif), Privies,
necessaries ; — kanaf, Side, edge, margin ;
coast, shore ; wing (of a bird) ; protection,
guardianship ; shade, shadow.

■-Atf kanaf, A cord made of flax.

JlAsi" Mnfdl, A wencher (see J^^).

A kanaf at, A tract of country where
camels feed ; a side, margin, coast.

A *±~JuX kunfus, Short.

a SjAaS" kinftrai, The tip, also the side, of
the nose.

a (jlXAJ" kun-fa-kdn, Let it be, and it was ;
— also maliki kun-fa-kan, Lord of " let it be,
and it was" (an epithet of the Almighty).

J*1aj^ kanfalll, A large beard.

lAtf hank, Hump-backed ; a cat ; a cock ;
a dwelling for the spring-season; a temple;
an Indian pagoda ; — kink, A mandate ; a
young man whose beard begins to grow ; —
hunk, Earthen water-pipes or conduits ; —
kanak, kinik, kinak, A kind of grass of
which they make cord ; a walnut, the
kernel of which it is difficult to pull out ;
parsimonius, stingy.

kinkdj, J*&* kinkdsh, = s&ii',
uS>^ gq.v.

«iU£t/ kunkalk, A Bhirt or shift.

Wj&Z kankus, A demon.

kang, Wing of a bird ; arm of a
man from the tips of the fingers to the
shoulder; limb or branch of a tree ; — king,

( 1056 )

A youth of a clumsy, ill-shaped hody ; a
vulgar, impudent, talkative fellow ;—hiing,
A man of a gross, stout habit ; a beardless
and impudent youth ; name of a certain
sea-port ; the end of the stalk of a bunch
of dates next the tree.

sj^aS' kangdb. Syrup, jalap, ptisan.

glSLsS" kangdj, kingdj, Counsel, consulta-
tion, deliberation ; — kingdj, A crab.

j\£sf hangar, kungdr, A snake which has
recently cast his slough.

y^lSji Icingde, kangds, Counsel ; a crab.

j»\S^ kangdsh, kingdsh, Counsel, delibe-
ration, consultation, conference, esp. of
conspirators ; [king&sk khwaslan, To ask
counsel ; — kingdsh raftan {kardan, namu-
dan), To consult, deliberate ;] — kingdsh, A
crab.

ii\S^ kangdla, A dangling after women ;
a matrimonial suit ; a courtesan ; a miser ;
name of a mountain in Khurasan.

Icangar, A kind of artichoke ; ob-
stinacy, contentiousness; {hangar kandan,
To toil in vain ;] — kingir, Name of a musi-
cal instrument used in India ; — kungur^ A
large owl ; a beam projecting from a wall ;
a player on the kettle-drum; a young
branch; shameless; a kind of beggar (see
p. 721) ; a battlement, pinnacle j —
hunguri kibriya, Pinnacle of greatness.

ylj&i" Icangaran, An owl ; rye.

hangar-ahad, <*j kangar-xid,
Artichoke-gum.

tj£^ kingira, A musical instrument having
only two wires ; — kungura, A niched battle-
ment, notched parapet, pinnacle, turret ; an
acroterium ; plumes upon helmets, orna-
ments upon crowns.

jta kungura-dar, Embattled, crested.
kangari, Artichoke-gum ; — kingiri,
kingri. Name of a musical instrument made
of two gourds, used in Hindustan ; a kind
of lute (see j&S kingir and kingira).

& ~-> l :. f kanlisa, = q.v. (probably

misreading).

kun ina-huii, Do and do not ;
irresolute, hesitating in giving orders ; a
sovereign, a commander ; commands and
prohibitions.

Aui' kanand, A hoe, spade, or instrument
for turning up ground which cannot be
ploughed.

ix^ti kananda, A digger, one who tears
anything up; — kunanaa, A maker; a fac-
tor, agent, doer ; — murafa'a kunanda, Who
directs the proceedings of a court, a judge
(m.c).

j& kanau, kanti, Hemp.

a y& kanw (v.n.), Speaking metaphori-
cally ; designating by a patronymic.

a Sy^ kinwat, kunwat, A patronymic.

A jjjS" kanud, Ungrateful, unthankful,
rebellious against God or man ; avaricious ;

— humid (v.n. of Being ungrateful ;

ingratitude.

0\<>ff kanauddn, kanuddn, &i\<ifs£ kanau-
ddna, kaniiddna, Hemp-seed (eaten roasted
to procure an appetite or get fat).

^ kanUr, A basket or wooden vessel for
holding bread or corn ; a large jar of un-
baked clay, in which grain is preserved
from fire ; — kanUr, kinur, Fraud, deceit ; —
kunur, kanfir, Thunder; — kwwur, hunwar,
A doer, worker, agent (= t&vS kunanda,
q.v.).

tjfl kanura, Ttinura, A cheat, deceiver,
trifler.

ijj^ijy^ hanuridan, kinuridan, To cheat,
deceive.

A.)f£ kunUsi (pi. of kanz), Treasures.

*yf£ IcanUza, kwaza, kinuza, Dressed
cotton-wool.

*J*t& kanush, A fir-tree ; a cypress. (Doubt-
ful word.)

a ZfiZkunu' (v.n. of Q^), Drawing oneself
together ; contracting or clapping close the
wings when flying downward (an eagle) ;
approaching ; being near setting (a star) ;
being submissive, gentle, humble ; adhering
to the garments (perfume) ; swearing by
God j desiring, being greedy or covetous.

Q<f£ kanun, A large jar of unbaked clay
to preserve corn ; — kunun (for dknuri), Now ;
God willing ; — Jchwud-kunnn, This veiy
moment (= yy^ ^* q- T -)-

&>f£ kununa, State, condition (present or
expected) ; — kununa firo mdnd, Matters
fell short of my expectations, I was dis-
appointed ,• — chi kununa ddri, How do you
doP

ij£ kunh, Substance ; sum, extreme,
height, depth (of anything) ; quantity,
species, mode ; time ; face, aspect.

ijS kanah, A tick ; — kiwna, Mastic ; —
kunna, Shade ; shady.

a kurihd, tjW-^ kanhdn, kunhdn, A
plant like the juniper.

iy» kan-hatsa, A yawning-fit before a
fever.

&ii &i£ kina-kina, Quinine (see & jX*S).

a kanahwar, Clouds like mountain?;
a large mass.

a kanahwarat, A large old she-

camel.

4j£ hana-hd (pi. of fecwia), Ticks.
a JyS" kund (pi. of kunyat), Metonymies ;
kaniy, kanl, One who has a patronymic
similar to that of another person ; cogno-
minal.

Ui£ kanyd, (in Zand and Pazand) Hollow
within.

s-^ hunt b, A fetter, band (unsupported ;
see also ca-«^).

a kinyat, kunyat (v.n. of lmS ^), Call-
ing or naming (anyone) by a word which
has another meaning, dubbing, especially
by the designation of father (abu) or son

( 1057 )

(ibn, vulg. bin), &c. of such a one, a
Monymic, a patronymic.

kunet (for kvned), Do you; — famii,
A band, fetter (unsupported ; see also

ye^ kanir, A glutton ; a lazy fellow.

ya^ kaniz (S. kanyd, kanyakd), A female
slave, maid-servant ; a maid, virgin, girl ;
[kanizi saza, A retributive particle ; — -kanizi
wd-zada, A conditional particle;] — kaniz,
kuniz, The stalk where bunches of grapes
or dates hang.

•^y^ kanizak, A girl ; — kanizaki Jirashl,
A kept mistress.

Mj uri^of kanizak-zdda, Son of a slave-girl
or bond-woman.

J?)*** kanizagi, The condition or duty of
a female servant or girl.

ijj*^ kanizi, Maidenhood, girlhood ;
state of maid-servant or slave-girl ; servi-
tude.

a kanisd, A church, synagogue,

temple.

A i — tj£ kanisat, kanisa, A Christian
church ; a Jewish synagogue ; a temple ;
(met., if not with A. termination for P.
kaniz) a beautiful woman.

lA*^ kunieh, An action, good or bad.

a t-ti^ kanif, A privy, necessary ; a
sewer ; a place for washing the face and
hands, a lavatory ; a shield ; an enclosure
for cattle made of branches, &e. ; — kunaif
(dim. of kinf), A small scrip or wallet; a
nickname given by 'ITmar to Ibn Ma'sud.

£ kav, Clever, ingenious ; power ; stature;
— ko (for ki o), That he ; who, which,
what; — ku, "Where? where is he gone? a
broad street, square, market-place ; a nar-
row street, an alley.

yS tg^V kwddri-ldtar.The four Venetian
fortresses ceded in 1866 by Austria to
Italy (ra.c. from Fr. Quadrilatere).

s^j£ kiwdda, The wooden Bill of a door ;
the piece of wood in which the lower pivot
turns.

a Icawdzib (pi. of kagib), False ;

liars.

$f kawdr, A leek ; a thick mist which
appears in summer nights ; — kawdr, kuwdr,
A basket for carrying about fruit on the
back ; — kuwar, Name of a town near
Sblruz.

tyjS kawdr a, kuward, The wooden sill of
a door.

a kawaris (pi. of kdris), Distressed,
afflicted ; (pi. of kdrisat) troublesome af-
fairs, molestations.

OjoV kuwdr&n, Disease of skin, prickly
heat.

kawdra, A basket or pannier for
carrying fruit about upon the back ; a
thick mist which appears during the night
in the summer months ; a bee-hive ; —
kww&ra, An earthen vessel.

dfio ifijS kawdra- dan, A shepherd, herds-
man.

jV kawdz, A kind of bottle carried by
travellers ; a stick for driving cattle.

kawdza, A close-mouthed traveller's
bottle; — kiwdza, An ox-goad ;— fcwwdsa;, A
poached egg.

f>!? kawdsth, Reproach, reprehension,
taunt.

kawdzha, Jesting, bantering, jeering,
ridiculing; a jester; bread half-baked; a
poached egg.

kuvide, Quality, property} way,

manner.

a s— ■ Ajf kawdsib, Wild beasts ; extremi-
ties of the body, hands, feet.

a kawdsir (pi. of kdsirat), Breakers ;
eagles ; camels which break the branches.

a*-.^ kuwdeama, Easy, not difficult.

kuwdsa, Quality, property, way,

manner.

kuwdeima, Easy; easiness, facility.
jAyikuwdsfi, Mode ; quality, property.
kuwdshama, Easy, not difficult.
kuwdefia. Quality, way, manner.
j^ji kawdshir, Name of a place whence
are brought turquoise-stones of a light
colour and little value (see p^jf)-

kuwdsMma, Easy ; easiness, faci-
lity.

a s-js^ kaw&'ib (pi. of kd'ib), Swelling-
breasted girls.

A. ±it\j£ kawdjf&ii (pi. of P. kdghiz),
Papers ; documents.

a kawdfir, Wine- jars ; (pi. of kdfirat)
intidel or unbelieving women ; (pi. of kdfur)
flowers of the palm-tree.

a s-£\jS kawdkib (pi. of kaukab), Stars,
constellations ; standards (corresponding
to the Persian f±\ q.v.) ; [z& kawdkib,
Sorrowful, mournful (day) ; — rangi hawd-
ra ba-kawdkib siturdan, To remove the
colour (i.e. darkness) of the air by the
stars, to illumine the sly ;] — kuwdkib,
Name of a mountain whence mill-stonea
are cut.

a s^SLat s-S^ kawdkib- shukuh, Magnifi-
cence of the stars ; of star-like magnificence.

a (j-U* <-r£\£ kawdkib-shinds, An astro-
nomer ; an astrologer.

kawdl, kuwdl, Gain, growth, increase.

d^i*5^ kuwdlgitWncha, Eed paint for the
face.

U>i\^ kawdlif, A kind of white thorn or
thistle of which camels are fond.

qa£\)£ kawdlidan, kuwdlidan, To gain,
acquire, heap up ; to grow, increase, abound j
to flourish, ripen.

i^\jS kawdlida, kutvdlida, Gained, ac-
quired ; grown, increased.

A e>*rty> kawdnin (pi. of kdnun), Chafing-
dishes.

ku'um, The bog-rush.
f*\f ku'im, Name of a herb.

( 1058 )

•J*

A ^>jS kaub (v,n.), Drinking water out of
a vessel without handle or spout j — Mb, A
cup, or any vessel without spout or handle,
an ewer ; — kawab, Largeness of head with
slenderness of neck.

w--f hob (in coinp. from ko/tan or kobi-
dan), Beating, striking, smiting; or who
heats or strikes ; a stroke, bang, whack,
knock, blow, thump ; a touch ; an elephant-
goad ; a mat made of very coarse Teeds.

CjWj^ kobdn (part, of koftan), Beating,
&c.

fcj^W)^ kobdnidan, To cause to beat,
bruise, bang, whack, or thump.

A kaubat, A sigh for anything lost or
irretrievable ; — kvhat, The game of chess ;
also of nard j tables ; a small drum ; a kind
of lute. (See &tjZ below.)

kubiji, kubakhl, A great, dis-

tinguished man.

kob-kdri, Chastisement.
ku-ba-ku, Prom street to street,
from place to place.

Jt/ kubal, Camomile.

ktibala, kaubala, The hair on the top
of the head.

y>j£ koban, A sledge-hammer.

iiji koba, An instrument with which any-
thing is brayed ; a mallet, beetle ; a clod-
breaker; a whi